From Atomic to NV-diamond Magnetometers

From Atomic to NV-diamond Magnetometers

From Atomic to NVNV-diamond Magnetometers
+ a glimpse of future applications
Victor M. Acosta and Dmitry Budker
University of California at Berkeley
1
Outline

O ti l atomic
Optical
t i magnetometers
t
t

R
RemoteRemote
t -detection
d t ti MRI

NMR on board microfluidic chips

Zero--field JZero
J-coupling spectroscopy

Beyond atomic vapor: GMR and NV diamond

NV--diamond work at UCB physics
NV
2
All--optical magnetometers
All



Pump
“Precession”
Precession
Probe
Figure from: D.B. : A new spin on magnetometry
3
Nature (News&Views) 422, 574 - 575 (2003)
Features:
• FM NMOR gradiometer
• 1-cm, near-room temp. cells
• “Piercing” solenoid
• Multi-purpose
M lti
system
t
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC
4
INSTRUMENTS 77, 083106 2006
Experimental Set-up
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Dr. Shoujun Xu, winner, 2007 R&D 100 award for Laser-Detected MRI
First MRI with atomic mag:
mag: 02/06
•Channels are 3.2 mm in diameter
x 25 mm
•Center-to-center spacing: 5.1 mm
•Total experimental time: 12 h
S. Xu, V. V. Yashchuk, M. H. Donaldson, S. M. Rochester, A. Pines and D. Budker,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0605396103 (2006)
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Fluid Mixing
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Not only water !
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Some other NMR/MRI applications
(with Prof. Alex Pines’ group, UCB Chemistry)
Alex Pines

Relaxometry with
(low--field benefit)
(low
Erwin L. Hahn
• NQR (work in progress)
• J-coupling

Direct encoding (no pulses)
pulses) C. W. Crawford, Shoujun Xu, Eric J. Siegel, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander
Pines FluidPines,
Fluid-flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance
resonance, Applied Physics Letters 93
93(9)
93(9),
(9) 092507 (2008)
(9),

Imaging in porous medium (even metal) Shoujun Xu, Elad Harel
Harel,, David J. Michalak,
Charles W. Crawford, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines, Flow in porous metallic materials: a magnetic resonance imaging study,
study, Journal of
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 28
28,, 12991299-1302 (2008)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0711505105
NIST microchip
Abe Lincoln
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Erwin L. Hahn,
the wizard
J-coupling
I2
I1
H J  JI1  I 2  1  200 Hz
H Z   ( 1I1  B   2 I 2  B)  100s
100 off MHz
MH
J
2
2
High field NMR spectrum
High-field
Hahn, E.L. & Maxwell, D.E. Phys. Rev. 84 1246-1247 (1952).
Gutowsky, H.S., McCall, D.W., & Slichter, C.P. J. Chem. Phys. 21, 279-292 (1953).
Optical magnetometer NMR setup
NIST fabricated
Alkali vapor cell
Encoding
for remote (90 L)
9mm
Detection volume
~20-80 L
Rb D1 light
Prepolarizating
magnet
Pulse sequence
Spin temperature parameters
equilibrate via J-coupling
interaction
Flow is stopped
13C
enriched methanol CH3OH
Signal
al (pT)
100
80
11 transients
Linewidth (HWHM) 0.1
0 1 Hz
T1 =2.2 s
60
40
20
0
a)
0
1
2
3
4
250
300
2JHC, proton quadruplet
FT (pT
pT)
Time (s)
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
Real
Imaginary
b)
150
200
Frequency (Hz)
JHC, proton doublet
Earth field spectrum, Appelt, Häsing,Kühn, Blümich, PRA 76,023420 (2007)
Chemical--group specificity
Chemical
M.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, and
D Budker
D.
Budker, Optical detection of NMR JJ-spectra
spectra at zero magnetic field
field, Journal of
Magnetic Resonance 199 (2009) 25–29
13CH
3-
12CH
2-OH
12CH
3-
13CH
OH
2-OH
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Present Results, Limitations and Directions
M.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, and
D. Budker, Optical detection of NMR J-spectra at zero magnetic field, Journal of
Magnetic Resonance 199 (2009) 25–29

Need improve
p
sensitivity:
y ~40 fT Hz-1/2 → 1 fT Hz-1/2

Need better microfluidics
microfluidics;; smaller volumes

Work with unun-enriched samples (1% C
C--13)

Higher polarization? → DNP, parahydrogen
parahydrogen,, …
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NMR inside
inside--out:
pH2 polarization; laserlaser-mag detection
T. Theis
T
P. Ganssle
G Kervern
G.
K
M. P. Ledbetter
D. B.
A. Pines
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Hydrogenation with pH2
St
Styrene
Eth lb
Ethylbenzene
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Another System:
15N
labeled pyridine
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Chemical Dynamics
hexyne ö hexene ö hexane
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Does it have to be a vapor‐cell magnetometer?
Sensitivity: 0.2 nT Hz-1/2 expected; 4 nT Hz-1/2 @ 1 Hz in practice
• Major recent progress by Dr. Claude Fermon and colleagues!
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Magnetic Sensing
with Nitrogen Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond
Recent UCB Physics NV-diamond experiments
V. M. Acosta,, E. Bauch,, M. P. Ledbetter,,
C. Santori, K.-M. C. Fu, P. E. Barclay, R.
G. Beausoleil, H. Linget, J. F. Roch, F.
Treussart, S. Chemerisov, W. Gawlik, and
D Budker
D.
Budker, High nitrogen
nitrogen-vacancy
vacancy density
diamonds for magnetometry applications,
Phys. Rev. B 80, 115202 (2009)
(arXiv:0903.3277)
L.-S. Bouchard, V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch,
and D. Budker, Detection of the Meissner
Effect with a Diamond Magnetometer
(http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.2533)
V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, M. P. Ledbetter,
A. Waxman, L. S. Bouchard, and D.
Budker, Temperature dependence of the
nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in
diamond (arXiv:0911.3938)
Phys. Rev. Lett., 104, 07081 (2010)
-75 kHz/K or 25 mG/K !!!!!!
Recent UCB NV-diamond experiments (cont’d)
C. Kim,, V. M. Acosta,, E. Bauch,, D. Budker,, and P.
R. Hemmer, Electron Spin Resonance in
Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond and
Ionization Fraction vs. Electron Irradiation Dose
(arXiv:0912 5267)
(arXiv:0912.5267)
Summary:
• Atomic magnetometers for NMR/MRI detection
• Microfluidic NMR
• Zero-field J-spectra with pH2 polarization
• NV-diamond future (Monday starts on Saturday)
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Acknowledgements
g
Erik Bauch (TU-Berlin)
Amir Waxman (BGU)
Louis Bouchard, UCLA
Phil Hemmer, TAMU
F. Treussart
J.F. Roch
c.w. from left:
W jt k Gawlik
Wojtek
G lik (K
(Krakow),
k )
Victor Acosta,
Charles Santori (HP),
Dima Budker (Berkeley)
(
y)
Heloise Linget (ENS Cachan)
Also: Lucas Zipp, A Jarmola, M. Ledbetter (Berkeley),
Changdong Kim (TAMU)
Thanks:
Budker group
Pines group
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