Abstracts - Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory

Transcription

Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Reports
No. 60
38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical
Methods
Siuntio, Finland, 22–26 August 2011
Abstract book
Carl-Fredrik Enell, editor
17th August 2011
38th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods
4
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Reports No. 60
38 AM Abstract book
Siuntio, Finland, 22–26 August 2011
Abstract book
6
Carl-Fredrik Enell (ed.)
c University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory 2011
ISSN: 0359-3657
ISBN: 978-951-42-9494-5 (PDF)
University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory
Tähteläntie 62, FIN-99600 Sodankylä, Finland
Typeset by the editor in LATEX
c Carl-Fredrik Enell 2008
Cover photo Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory Reports No. 60
38 AM Abstract book
7
38th Annual European Meeting on
Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods
Optical methods have been used for studies of the atmosphere for centuries. A wealth of information about the
whole atmosphere, from the troposphere to the thermosphere, can be obtained by active or passive optical measurements. Recent technological developments have also opened up a panorama of new possibilities for high-resolution
measurements and measurements coordinated with other types of instruments. The Annual European Meetings on
Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods bring together scientists from Europe as well as from other parts of the
world to exchange experience, share scientific results, and plan and coordinate future experiments.
We have the honour and pleasure to organise the 38th meeting in the series at Siuntio Spa, Finland, during
August 22–26 2011.
Scientific Programme Committee
Kirsti Kauristie (chair), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Anita Aikio, University of Oulu, Finland
Kari Kaila, University of Oulu, Finland
Erkki Kyrölä, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Robert Lowe, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Tom McElroy, Environment Canada, Canada
Vladimir Safargaleev, Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia
Georg Witt, Stockholm University, Sweden
Local Organisation Committee
Noora Partamies (chair), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Carl-Fredrik Enell (co-chair, webmaster), Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä,
Finland
Kirsi Kari (secr.), Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Kari Kaila, University of Oulu, Finland
Laureline Sangalli, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Thomas Ulich, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
http://www.sgo.fi/38AM/abstracts/38am-abstracts.pdf
17th August 2011
8
In memoriam: Ingrid Sandahl, 1949–2011
The meeting is dedicated to the memory of Professor Ingrid Sandahl, who was an active member of the optical
auroral research community, and sadly passed away during the preparations for the meeting.
38 AM Abstract book
9
Contents
7
Contents
9
Sponsors
13
List of optical meetings
14
Programme
15
Posters
16
Social programme
17
Abstracts
Aerosols in the atmosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aaltonen, Veijo; Rodriguez, Edith; Mielonen, Tero; Sogacheva, Larisa; Lihavainen, Heikki;
Aalto, Pasi; Arola, Antti; de Leeuw, Gerrit: Effects of the Russian forest fires over
Finland in summer 2010. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cachorro, Victoria; Toledano, Carlos; Gausa, Michael; Stebel, Kerstin; Aaltonen, Veijo;
Berjón, Alberto; Ortiz de Galisteo, J. Pablo; Bennouna, Yasmine; Blindheim, Sandra; de Frutos, Angel M.; Myhre, Cathrine Lund; Zibordi, Giuseppe; Wehrli, Christoph;
Kratzer, Sussane; Håkansson, Bertil; Carlund, Thomas; de Leeuw, Gerrit; Herber, Andreas; Torres, Benjamin: Characterization of columnar atmospheric aerosols:
Special focus in Scandinavian area. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kannel, Martin; Ohvril, Hanno; Okulov, Oleg: A shortcut from broadband to spectral
aerosol optical depth. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hannukainen, Meri; Rodriguez, Edith; Sofiev, Michael; Kolmonen, Pekka; Sundström, AnuMaija; Sogacheva, Larisa; de Leeuw, Gerrit: Megacities inventory base on optical
properties, using satellite and SILAM model results. Poster presentation . . . . . .
Ionosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nikolaishvili, Sergey; Belyaev, Alexey: An enhancement of the airglow brightness by the
gravity waves. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chernouss, Sergey; Platov, Yuly; Alpatov, Victor; Uspensky, Mikhail: Optical signatures
of rocket exhaust phenomena in Arctic atmosphere. Oral presentation . . . . . . . .
Dyrland, Margit Elisabet; Sigernes, Fred: Using Airglow observations in high-latitude
climate studies. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enell, Carl-Fredrik; Gustavsson, Björn; Sergienko, Tima; Verronen, Pekka. T; Hedin, Jonas;
Witt, Georg; Brändström, Urban; Rydesäter, Peter: Subsidence of thermospheric
air observed by the Hotel Payload 2 measurements on January 31, 2008. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoppe, Ulf-Peter: What can we learn about upper mesosphere dynamics by four-dimensional
lidar measurements?. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
21
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
17th August 2011
10
Lorentzen, D.A.; Johnsen, M.G.: The dayside open closed field line boundary - a statistical
study using ground-based optics. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
McCarthy, Dean; Mulligan, Frank; Mooney, Priscilla: Implementing a chemical scheme for
OH* in the University College London CMAT2 3D Global Model. Oral presentation
Medvedeva, Irina; Chernigovskaya, Marina; Perminov, Vladimir; Semenov, Anatoly: Study
on the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings in mid-latitude MLT region according to ground-based and satellite temperature measurements. Oral presentation . .
Mulligan, Frank J.; Lowe, Robert P.: Gravity wave characteristics measured in Ireland by
UWOSCR during the 2010-2011 NDMC campaign. Oral presentation . . . . . . . .
Semenov, Anatoly: Longitudinal variations of the atmospheric temperature at altitudes of
lower thermosphere on the characteristics of the 557.7 nm atomic oxygen emission.
Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taylor, Michael; Zhao, Yucheng; Pautet, Pierre-Dominique; Pendleton Jr., William: How
to Use Airglow Measurements in Atmospheric Wave Activity Studies. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aurora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aikio, Anita: Nighttime auroras for remote sensing of magnetospheric processes. Oral
presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Andalsvik, Yngvild Linnea; Sandholt, Per Even; Farrugia, Charles J. : Ground - satellite observations of dynamics of the magnetosphere - ionosphere system during the
Superstorm on Nov. 20, 2003. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Axelsson, Katarina; Sergienko, Tima; Brändström, Urban: Statistical study of temporal
and spatial variations in diffuse aurora. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Belakhovsky, Vladimir; Kozlovsky, Alexander; Pilipenko, Slava: The morning auroral arcs
associated with Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . .
Chernouss, Sergey: Ideas of Lomonosov in field of auroral research. Oral presentation . . .
Dahlgren, Hanna: On small-scale aurora. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Donovan, Eric: The Magnetospheric Drivers of Aurora. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . .
Gustavsson, Björn; Tuttle, Sam; Dahlgren, Hanna; Lanchester, Betty; Ivchenko, Nickolay:
Optical Measurements of F-region Ion-Convection. Oral presentation . . . . . . . .
Gustavsson, Björn; Dahlgren, Hanna; Lanchester, Betty; Ivchenko, Nickolay: On Filamentation and Anti-Filamentation of Auroral Arcs . Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . .
Vorobjev, V. G.; Yagodkina, O. I. ; Katkalov, Yu. V.; Kirillov, A. S.: Planetary distribution
of auroral luminosity inferred from APM. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kauristie, Kirsti; Kleimenova, Nataly ; Kozyreva, Olga; Uspensky, Mikhail; Vlasov, Alexey:
A case study about the connection of optical auroral activity and geomagnetic Pc5
pulsations. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kozelov, Boris; Golovchanskaya, Irina; Mingalev, Oleg: Inverse cascade in the auroral
structure and numerical model of current filaments. Oral presentation . . . . . . . .
Kozelov, Boris: Multi-scale auroral observations in Apatity: equipment and preliminary
results. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partamies, Noora; Kauristie, Kirsti; Ketola, Anneli; Mattanen, Jyrki; Mäkinen, Sanna:
Long-term changes in the auroral occurrence in Finland and Svalbard. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Partamies, Noora; Sangalli, Laureline; Gustavsson, Björn; Syrjäsuo, Mikko; Donovan, Eric;
Connors, Martin; Charrois, Dan; Kryzanowsky, Zane: On tomography-like reconstruction from colour auroral images. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frissell, Nathaniel A.; Reistad, Jone Peter; Partamies, Noora; Lorentzen, Dag: Characteristic energy in an auroral Spiral. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roldugin, Valentin; Roldugin, Alexey; Pilgaev, Sergey: Pc2 auroral pulsations. Poster
presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sangalli, Laureline; Gustavsson, Björn; Partamies, Noora; Kauristie, Kirsti: Event Study
of the Peak Auroral Emission Altitude from All-sky Images. Oral presentation . . .
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
38 AM Abstract book
11
Sergienko, Tima; Axelsson, Katarina; Gustavsson, Björn; Sandahl, Ingrid; Brändström, Urban: Multi-station optical study of substorm breakup auroral arcs. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sigernes, Fred; Dyrland, Margit; Brekke, Pål; Chernouss, Sergey; Lorentzen, Dag Arne;
Oksavik, Kjellmar; Deehr, Charles: Two methods to forecast auroral displays. Oral
presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simon Wedlund, Cyril; Lamy, Hervé; Barthélemy, Mathieu; Lilensten, Jean; Gronoff, Guillaume; López Ariste, Arturo; Bommier, Véronique: Polarisation of emission lines in
upper atmospheres of planets. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simon Wedlund, Cyril; Lamy, Hervé; Gustavsson, Björn; Sergienko, Tima; Brändström, Urban: 3D reconstruction of N+
2 and OI auroral emissions using the Auroral Large
Imaging System (ALIS). Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Whiter, Daniel; Partamies, Noora; Sangalli, Laureline: Statistical study of the peak auroral
emission height using the MIRACLE all-sky camera network. Oral presentation . .
Troposphere and stratosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sofieva, Viktoria: Studying gravity waves and turbulence in the stratosphere using satellite
observations of stellar scintillation. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiation and atmospheric components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bennouna, Yasmine; Ortiz de Galisteo, Jose Pablo; Cachorro, Victoria; Toledano, Carlos; Berjón, Alberto; Fuertes, David; Gonzalez, Ramiro; Torres, Benjamin; Marcos, Jose Luis; Martín, Leticia; de Frutos, Angel Maximo: The annual cycle of precipitable water vapor over the Iberian Peninsula inferred from MODIS observations
and its comparison with GPS data. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yankovsky, Valentine; Fedotova, Ekaterina: Theoretical validation of the method of retrieval of atomic oxygen altitude profile from intensity of the electronic-vibrationally
excited molecule O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=2) emission in the MLT. Poster presentation . . . . .
Gavrilov, N. M.; Semyonov, V. K.; Sinyakov, V. P.; Tans, P.; Guenther, D.; Kashin, F. V.:
Longterm CO2 changes in the tropo-stratosphere from in situ and optical measurements. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kyrölä, Erkki: GOMOS/ENVISAT overview. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lakkala, Kaisa: Long-term Arctic and Antarctic UV measurements. Oral presentation . .
Yankovsky, Valentine; Martishenko, Xenia; Manuilova, Rada: Retrieval of ozone altitude
profile from O2 (b1 Σg , v=0,1) emission intensity in the middle atmosphere. Poster
presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yagovkina, Irina; Polyakov, Alexander; Timofeyev, Yuri; Walker, Kaley: Comparison of
satellite and ground-based spectroscopic measurements of HF total column amount.
Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yankovsky, Valentine; Manuilova, Rada; Semenov, Aleksey: Possibility of ozone and atomic
oxygen retrievals from measured intensities of the molecule O2 (b1Σ+g,v≤ 2) emissions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . .
Instrumentation and techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alpatov, Victor; Belyaev, Alexey: A gravity wave spectrometry from space and ground.
Belyaev, Alexey: The central slice theorem for a gravity wave spectrometry. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brändström, Urban; Wang, Zilu; Sergienko, Tima; Gustavsson, Björn; Axelsson, Katarina;
Enell, Carl-Fredrik; Mäkinen, Sanna; Sigernes, Fred: Calibrating auroral cameras.
Fastig, Shlomo; Ehrlich, Yossi; Pearl, Shaul; Naor, Eran; Kraus, Yaniv; Inbar, Tuvia ;
Katz, David: Multi-spectral LIDAR system — Design, build and test. Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hildebrand, Jens; Baumgarten, Gerd; Fiedler, Jens; Lübken, Franz-Josef; von Cossart, Götz:
Wind measurements by Doppler lidar. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
62
63
64
65
67
69
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
86
87
17th August 2011
12
Polyakov, Alexander; Timofeyev, Yuri; Uspensky, Alexander; Kostsov, Vladimir: Numerical modeling of sounding of the atmosphere based on combined IR and microwave
measurements on board ”Meteor-3M” satellite. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . .
Roldugin, Alexey; Chernouss, Sergey; Pilgaev, Sergey; Kuznetsova, Marina; Milichenko, Alexander; Fedorenko, Yuri: Mobile unit for optical instruments installation at Barentsburg
observatory. . Poster presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saari, Heikki: Novel MEMS and Piezoactuated Fabry-Perot spectral imagers for atmospheric studies. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sigernes, Fred; Ivanov, Yuriy; Chernouss, Sergey; Trondsen, Trond; Roldugin, Alexey;
Fedorenko, Yury; Kozelov, Boris; Kirillov, Andrey; Safargaleev, Vladimir; Dyrland, Margit; Lorentzen, Dag; Oksavik, Kjellmar: A new auroral hyperspectral
all-sky camera. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rao, Jayasimha Ramachandra; Syrjäsuo, Mikko: Transferring historical auroral films into
digital format. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Syrjäsuo, Mikko; Hollmén, Jaakko: A review of automated analysis of auroral images —
current status and new prospects. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities and experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aikio, Anita; Ulich, Thomas; Lehtinen, Markku; Turunen, Esa: EISCAT_3D, New generation Incoherent Scatter Radar to Northern Fennoscandia. Oral presentation . . . .
Baddeley, Lisa: SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar): An ionospheric
heater in the high arctic. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dahle, Kolbjørn Blix; Abrahamsen, Trond: Andøya Rocket Range - ”Wind of Change”.
NLC and PMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pérot, Kristell; Hauchecorne, Alain; Montmessin, Franck: NLC climatology from GOMOS
observations. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Witt, Georg: Probing the atmosphere with optical methods: Lessons learned and challenges
for the future. Oral presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
88
89
90
91
92
93
95
97
98
99
101
103
104
Author index
105
Registered participants
107
38 AM Abstract book
13
Sponsors
The 38AM LOC gratefully acknowledges support from
Emil Aaltonen Foundation
http://www.emilaaltonen.fi/brieflyeng.html
Academy of Finland
http://www.aka.fi/en-GB/A
Federation of Finnish Learned Societies
http://www.tsv.fi/engl/
17th August 2011
14
List of optical meetings
AM No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Date
12–13 Nov 1973
12–13 Aug 1974
16–18 Oct 1975
16–18 Aug 1976
26–29 Sep 1977
18–21 Sep 1978
25–28 Jun 1979
8–11 Sep 1980
27–30 Oct 1981
6–11 Sep 1982
29 Aug–2 Sep 1983
3–7 Sep 1984
19–23 Aug 1985
17–22 Aug 1986
6–11 Sep 1987
1988
24–29 Sep 1990
17–21 Jun 1991
10–14 Aug 1992
13–17 Sep 1993
12–16 Sep 1994
28 Aug–1 Sep 1995
2–6 Sep 1996
18–22 Aug 1997
21–25 Sep 1998
30 Aug–3 Sep 1999
21–25 Aug 2000
19–24 Aug 2001
3–6 Sep 2002
13–17 Aug 2003
22–28 Aug 2004
29 Aug–1 Sep 2005
28 Aug–1 Sep 2006
27–31 Aug 2007
24–29 Aug 2008
17–22 Aug 2009
23–27 Aug 2010
22–26 Aug 2011
Place
Stockholm
Liège
Halvorsbøle (Oslo)
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Granada
Aberdeen
Tromsø
Dublin
Albano Laziale (Rome)
Grasse
Lindau am Harz
Stockholm
Oslo
Cambridge
Granada
Oulu
Abastumani
Tromsø
Kiruna
Apatity
London
Nurmijärvi
Kiev
Andenes
Granada
Lindau am Harz
Stockholm
Oulu
Kühlungsborn
Longyearbyen
Ambleside (Lake District)
London, Ontario
Kiruna
Andenes
Maynooth
Kyiv
Valladolid
Siuntio
Country
Sweden
Belgium
Norway
Germany
Spain
Scotland
Norway
Ireland
Italy
France
Germany
Sweden
Norway
England
Spain
Finland
Georgia
Norway
Sweden
Russia
England
Finland
Ukraine
Norway
Spain
Germany
Sweden
Finland
Germany
Norway
England
Canada
Sweden
Norway
Ireland
Ukraine
Spain
Finland
Participants
20
10
41
21
42
38
26
few
26 or more
21 or more
35
48
50
few
9 or more
83
124
61 or more
69
78
54
72
42
51
57
37
50
41
47
67
52
63
49
70
56 registered
38 AM Abstract book
Programme
Time
Monday
09:00
09:10
09:20
09:30
09:40
09:50
10:00
10:30
10:40
10:50
11:00
11:10
11:20
11:30
11:40
11:50
12:00
Tuesday
Chair: Axelsson
Semenov
Wednesday
Chair: Sangalli
Dahlgren
Thursday
Chair: Manuilova
Aikio
Mulligan
Baddeley
Medvedeva
Kozelov
Coffee
Coffee
Pérot
Simon Wedlund
Coffee
Chair: Baddeley
Lakkala
Sofieva
Partamies
Whiter
Friday
Chair: Gausa
Donovan
Coffee
Rao
Syrjäsuo
Registration
Blix Dahle
Frissell
Sangalli
Vorobjev
Kyrölä
Lunch
Lunch
Chair: Whiter
Gavrilov
Witt
Lunch
13:00
13:10
13:20
13:30
13:40
13:50
14:00
14:10
14:20
14:30
14:40
14:50
15:00
Welcome
Chair: Pérot
Chernouss
15:30
15:40
15:50
16:00
16:10
16:20
16:30
16:40
16:50
17:00
17:10
18:00
19:00
Lunch
Chair: Dyrland
McCarthy
Excursion
Lorentzen
Yankovsky
Enell
Axelsson
Hildebrand
Cachorro
Chernouss
Polyakov
Gustavsson
Alpatov
Kozelov
Sigernes
Coffee
Hoppe
Coffee
Chair: McCarthy
Sigernes
Taylor
Aikio
Lunch 12:30
Wrap-up
discussions
Dyrland
Coffee
Saari
Brändström
Posters
Gustavsson
Excursion ends
Sergienko
Icebreaker
Contributed (20 min)
38AM dinner
Invited (30 min)
Tutorial (1 h)
16
Posters
Posters can be on display Monday–Thursday and a dedicated poster session will take place on Monday afternoon.
The maximum poster size is A0 (portrait format).
Poster
number
1
First author
Title
Aaltonen
2
Hannukainen
3
Kannel
4
Nikolaishvili
5
Andalsvik
6
Belakhovsky
7
Kauristie
8
Partamies
9
10
Roldugin
Simon Wedlund
11
12
13
Belyaev
Fastig
Roldugin
14
Bennouna
15
Yagovkina
16
Yankovsky
17
Yankovsky
Effects of the Russian forest fires over Finland in summer
2010
Megacities inventory base on optical properties, using
satellite and SILAM model results
A shortcut from broadband to spectral aerosol optical
depth
An enhancement of the airglow brightness by the gravity
waves
Ground - satellite observations of dynamics of the magnetosphere - ionosphere system during the Superstorm on
Nov. 20, 2003.
The morning auroral arcs associated with Pc5 geomagnetic
pulsations
A case study about the connection of optical auroral activity and geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations
Long-term changes in the auroral occurrence in Finland
and Svalbard
Pc2 auroral pulsations
3D reconstruction of N+
2 and OI auroral emissions using
the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS)
The central slice theorem for a gravity wave spectrometry
Multi-spectral LIDAR system — Design, build and test
Mobile unit for optical instruments installation at Barentsburg observatory.
The annual cycle of precipitable water vapor over the
Iberian Peninsula inferred from MODIS observations and
its comparison with GPS data
Comparison of satellite and ground-based spectroscopic
measurements of HF total column amount
Theoretical validation of the method of retrieval of atomic
oxygen altitude profile from intensity of the electronicvibrationally excited molecule O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=2) emission in
the MLT.
Retrieval of ozone altitude profile from O2 (b1 Σg , v=0,1)
emission intensity in the middle atmosphere
38 AM Abstract book
17
Social programme
Monday Icebreaker party 18:00. Outdoor barbecue if weather allows, otherwise in the poster area. Price for
accompanying persons: 30 EUR.
Wednesday Excursion to Porkkala. Bus(es) leave from the spa at 13:00 and we will return at 17:00. Price for
accompanying persons: 35 EUR.
Thursday Conference dinner at Lepopirtti 19:00. Price for accompanying persons: 60 EUR.
The swimming pool and sauna are open Mon-Fri 7:00–20:30 and Sat-Sun 8:00–20:00.
Excursion on Wednesday: The Porkkala Parenthesis part of Cold War history
The Porkkala region, which includes parts of Siuntio, hosted a Soviet navy base from 1944 to 1955. The population was evacuated. Trains from Helsinki to Turku had to cover their windows before passing “the longest railway tunnel in the world”. How did this happen? And who was Igor? Join our excursion to find out! Included is:
●
Guided bus tour
●
Coffee
●
Entrance to museums
Pictures: Wikimedia Commons,www. degerby.fi, www.seaction.com http://www.sgo.fi/38AM/abstracts/38am-abstracts.pdf
17th August 2011
18
38 AM Abstract book
19
Abstracts
17th August 2011
20
38 AM Abstract book
21
Aerosols in the atmosphere
17th August 2011
22
38 AM Abstract book
23
Effects of the Russian forest fires over Finland in summer 2010
Aaltonen, Veijo1 , Rodriguez, Edith1 , Mielonen, Tero2 , Sogacheva, Larisa1 , Lihavainen, Heikki1 , Aalto, Pasi3 ,
Arola, Antti2 and de Leeuw, Gerrit1
1
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland
3
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
2
Abstract
Summer 2010 was characterized by intensive forest fires in Russia causing plumes drifted to Finland. On the
ground level, high turbidity was observed by the decrease of visibility and breathing difficulties. Aerosol optical
depth (AOD), which gives the columnar measure of light extinction due to aerosol particles, was recorded to be
significantly higher during that time than the long-time average in Finland.
Ground based AOD measurements were carried out with Cimel and PFR sun photometers in Helsinki, Hyytiälä,
Jokioinen, Kuopio and Sodankylä. Manually checked Level 2.0 AERONET data and cloud-screened GAW-PFR
data were exploited in the analysis. In this study, we report the Finnish AOD observations which are expected to
be related to the Russian forest fires and are remarkably higher than the long time average AOD of around 0.1
at 500 nm. The considered time fulfilling this expectation is mid-May and throughout the period between July
and mid-August, 2010. The results were checked using backward trajectories, fire maps and MODIS and AATSR
satellite figures as well as ground based aerosol particle measurements and wind data.
In mid-May, hourly extremes of AOD measured at Kuopio and Jokioinen were 0.3 and 0.6, respectively, thought
the latter might be due to some residual cloud contamination. Late summer was characterized by two clear time
periods with high AODs especially in Kuopio and Hyytiälä. First occurred between 4th and 16th of July and was
recorded in Hyytiälä and Kuopio, where the peak values were 0.3 and 0.6, respectively. AOD at Jokioinen also
showed somewhat high values, with a peak observation of 0.3. The second one, more impressive, happened between
July 22nd and August 14th. Extreme values during that period were observed on 8th August, with maximum AOD
being 1.1 both in Helsinki and Hyytiälä, and 1.5 in Kuopio. In Sodankylä, northern Finland, an extreme AOD of
0.9 was observed in July 30th. Interestingly, in Jokioinen we did not find values higher than 0.3 during that time.
After mid-August, there were only a few occasions with hourly averages higher than typically.
17th August 2011
24
Characterization of columnar atmospheric aerosols: Special focus in Scandinavian area
Cachorro, Victoria1 , Toledano, Carlos1 , Gausa, Michael2 , Stebel, Kerstin3 , Aaltonen, Veijo4 , Berjón, Alberto5 ,
Ortiz de Galisteo, J. Pablo6 , Bennouna, Yasmine1 , Blindheim, Sandra7 , de Frutos, Angel M.1 , Myhre, Cathrine
Lund3 , Zibordi, Giuseppe8 , Wehrli, Christoph9 , Kratzer, Sussane10 , Håkansson, Bertil11 , Carlund, Thomas11 , de
Leeuw, Gerrit4 , Herber, Andreas12 and Torres, Benjamin1
1
University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Andøya Rocket Range, Andenes, Norway
3
Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
4
5
Spanish Meteorological Agency, Tenerife, Spain
6
Spanish Meteorological Agency, Valladolid, Spain
7
8
Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
9
World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland
10
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
11
Swedish Meteorological & Hydrological Institute, Sweden
12
Alfred-Wegener-Institut for Polar- and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, German
2
Abstract
The columnar aerosol properties measured in Northern Europe have been investigated. The investigation includes
both data gathered in the Arctic as well as measurements collected in nearby areas (e.g. subarctic), which are of
maximum interest to get a correct analysis of Arctic aerosols and transport patterns. We have evaluated the data
from a set of operational sun photometer sites belonging either to national or international measurement networks
(AERONET, GAW-PFR), located in Scandinavia and Svalbard. An evaluation and analysis of aerosol properties
was carried out as well as a review of previous results. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE)
are the parameters with sufficient long-term records for a first evaluation. At the AERONET sites, microphysical
properties derived from inversion of sun-sky radiance data are also available. AOD (500nm) ranged from 0.08 to 0.10
in Arctic and sub-Arctic sites (Ny-Ålesund: 0.09; Andenes: 0.10; Sodankylä: 0.08). The aerosol load is higher in
more populated areas in Southern Scandinavia (AOD about 0.10-0.12 at 500 nm). On the Norwegian coast, aerosols
show larger mean size (AE=1.2 at Andenes) than in Finland, with continental climate (AE=1.5 at Sodankylä).
Columnar particle size distributions and related parameters are used to evaluate aerosol volume efficiencies. Special
emphasis must be given to the joint and collaborative effort of the various groups from different countries maintaining
the observation sites.
38 AM Abstract book
25
A shortcut from broadband to spectral aerosol optical depth
Kannel, Martin1 , Ohvril, Hanno1 and Okulov, Oleg2
1
2
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu
Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
Abstract
The concept behind the shortcut idea is a close correlation between column broadband aerosol optical depth (BAOD)
and aerosol optical depth at 500 nm (AOD500). The method uses only two input parameters: (a) the Bouguer
broadband coefficient of column transparency for optical mass m = 2 (solar elevation about 30 deg); and (b)
integrated column precipitable water vapor which can be roughly estimated using surface water vapor pressure.
Creating the method, a large database, including almost 20 000 complex, spectral and broadband direct solar
beam observations at Tõravere, Estonia during all seasons of a 8-year period, 2002–2009, was used. The AOD500
observations were performed by AERONET and the broadband direct beam ones by the Estonian Meteorological
and Hydrological Institute. Analyze of this database revealed a high correlation between BAOD and AOD500 which
enabled transition from broadband to spectral AOD. Almost 82% of the observations in the database belonged to
lower turbities when AOD500 < 0.2. The RMS error for AOD500 prediction in this range was 0.022. For AOD500
= 0.2–0.4, the RMSE was 0.035, for 0.4–0.6, the RMSE was 0.042. Relative RMSE for these ranges was about 22%,
12% and 9%, respectively. For AOD500 > 0.6, relative RMSE remained 9%. For comparison, the same database
was used to test Gueymard’s broadband parameterization based on his SMARTS2 classic model. The last one,
apparently due to problems with circumsolar radiation, systematically underestimated the AOD500. However, there
was also a close correlation between our shortcut-results and Gueymard’s broadband parameterization.
17th August 2011
26
Megacities inventory base on optical properties, using satellite and SILAM model
results
Hannukainen, Meri1 , Rodriguez, Edith2 , Sofiev, Michael3 , Kolmonen, Pekka2 , Sundström, Anu-Maija1 , Sogacheva, Larisa2 and de Leeuw, Gerrit4
1
University of Helsinki, Dept. of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
FMI, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmen Aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
3
FMI, Air Quality Unit, Erik Palmen Aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland
4
FMI, Climate Change Unit, Erik Palmen Aukio 1, 00101, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Dept. of Physics,
Helsinki, Finland; TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
2
Abstract
The increasing of population in Megacities causes an increase in the level of contamination with impact at urban,
regional and global levels. Nowadays air pollution is one of the most important problems in megacities. Photochemical smog primarily from traffic, but also from industrial activities, power generation, and solvents are becoming
more and more important sources of concern for air quality. The impact of the aerosol particles emitted in the area
of megacities and the their effect in the local and regional scale are studies using two methods: the determination
of emissions from Megacities using satellite observations and model results obtained with System for Integrated
modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition (SILAM). SILAM has been created to provide an environment capable of
supporting various types of dispersion models and suitable for approaching a wide range of tasks. The satellite data
used for this study were provided with two instruments. Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) on
board ENVISAT, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), on board Terra (EOS AM-1).
Retrievals of aerosol optical properties were done for both satellite measurements. Satellite and model results were
validated by ground base measurements with results provides from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun
photometer. AERONET results are used also for classification of aerosol type. Our interest is to do a current
emission inventory for selected megacities around the world. The parameter used for the study is Aerosol Optical
Depth (AOD) as the optical parameter that gives information of the aerosol particles concentration. Selected time
period for study is year 2008. Preliminary results show good agreement between satellites retrieved AOD as well as
with the sun photometer.
38 AM Abstract book
27
Ionosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere
17th August 2011
28
38 AM Abstract book
29
An enhancement of the airglow brightness by the gravity waves
Nikolaishvili, Sergey1 and Belyaev, Alexey1
1
Institute of Applied Geophysics, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The global observations of the O2 atmospheric band nightglow performed by the high resolution Doppler imager
(HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) have shown bright regions of the nightglow. It was
supposed that these regions are caused either by meridional circulation, or by descending motion associated with
tides and gravity wave (GW) forcing. In this study we describe and speculate an additional mechanism of the
brightness enhancement. It is nonlinear enhancement of the entire emission layer caused by GWs passing through
one. Its magnitude is proportional to the square of the GW amplitude. We speculate this effect as an emission layer
response to the GW disturbance. To estimate the magnitude of this effect we use the global two-dimensional model
of the zonally averaged circulation.
17th August 2011
30
Optical signatures of rocket exhaust phenomena in Arctic atmosphere
Chernouss, Sergey1 , Platov, Yuly2 , Alpatov, Victor3 and Uspensky, Mikhail4
1
Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS
IZMIRAN, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia
3
4
2
Abstract
The results of research of the optical phenomena connected with rocket exhaust in the upper atmosphere are
submitted. The most intensive, large-scale and dynamical phenomena are caused by special modes of operation of
rocket engines, in particular, separation of rocket stages and shut off solid propellant of rocket engines and physical
conditions in the field of a rocket flight. The optical signatures in the upper atmosphere accompanying rocket
launches made from the Archangelsk region ranges have been registered for many years by ground-based network
of all-sky cameras in the northern regions of Russia and Finland as a part of routine auroral recordings. Rocket
plumes and large-scale diffuse formations have been captured both on photographic film cameras C-180, spectral
cameras C-.180-S, low light level TV cameras and amateur films. Purpose of the report is a classification of gas-dust
formations from rocket exhaust in the upper atmosphere by scale and dynamics. At registration of these optical
phenomena two mechanisms of luminosity are observed as a rule. It is Rayleigh and Mie scattering of the solar
radiation.and resonant scattering of the solar radiation on AlO and Li molecules.After the ending of a dynamic
phase of development of the phenomenon, the rather weak diffuse luminosity was observed during long time (till
several hours after the start of the pattern development of the phenomenon up to sunrise) at the place of cut off the
launcher stage i.e. connected with injected of gas components of rocket exhaust. The dynamic and morphological
features of the artificial clouds are a function of the relative quantities of gaseous and dispersed solid components
from the rocket exhaust. Acoustic- gravity waves (AGW) in the upper atmosphere after launches demonstrated too.
38 AM Abstract book
31
Using Airglow observations in high-latitude climate studies
Dyrland, Margit Elisabet1 and Sigernes, Fred1
1
The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Abstract
The polar mesopause region (80-100 km) is highly dynamic with large gradients in temperature and large variability
in vertical, zonal and meridional circulation resulting from atmospheric waves passing and breaking. There is
increasing evidence that the dynamics of the mesosphere can be coupled to the dynamics of the troposphere and
ground, and the importance of studying the weather and climate of the mesosphere is therefore emphasized. The
existence of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow layer at ≈87 km allows for a way to monitor the state of this region remotely.
Rotational temperatures can be derived from passive optical measurements of airglow intensity during the polar
night, and gravity wave parameters from all-sky images. At the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO) at Svalbard
(78 degrees north) an Ebert-Fastie spectrometer is employed which has monitored the OH rotational temperatures
since the early 1980’s. For the winter season 2010-2011 an all-sky airglow imager was installed which monitors the
gravity wave activity. Co-located with KHO are several radars which complement the optical measurements, and
allows for extraction of additional information. This talk gives an overview of how these instruments can be used
for high-latitude climate studies, and presents the latest results.
17th August 2011
32
Subsidence of thermospheric air observed by the Hotel Payload 2 measurements on
January 31, 2008
Enell, Carl-Fredrik1 , Gustavsson, Björn2 , Sergienko, Tima3 , Verronen, Pekka. T4 , Hedin, Jonas5 , Witt, Georg5 ,
Brändström, Urban3 and Rydesäter, Peter6
1
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
University of Southampton, UK
3
Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
4
5
Stockholm University, Sweden
6
SenseAir AB, Delsbo, Sweden
2
Abstract
In the Hotel Payload 2 rocket campaign on January 31, 2008 (Enell et al, JASTP, in press) profiles of atomic oxygen
and electron density measured in the lower thermosphere indicated subsidence of air.
For the evening before the launch, tomography-like estimates of the volume emission rates from Auroral Large
Imaging System (ALIS) data have been shown (Enell et al, 37AM, Valladolid, Spain; in preparation for submission).
The common volume of ALIS, however, was above the Scandinavian mainland and did not cover the rocket trajectory
from Andøya. The altitude profiles of spectroscopic ratios interpolated from the volume emission estimates do not
unambiguously indicate anything unusual. This is consistent with EOS Aura/MLS CO measurements indicating
highly structured subsidence in vortex filaments and with the structure of the NO profiles measured by SciSat/ACE.
38 AM Abstract book
33
What can we learn about upper mesosphere dynamics by four-dimensional lidar measurements?
Hoppe, Ulf-Peter1
1
University of Oslo, Norway
Abstract
Lidar instruments have been used in atmosphere research for many years. Most lidar instruments measure profiles
of one or few atmospheric parameters in a certain height range, giving range-resolved profiles of that parameter and
their time evolution. For instance a simple Rayleigh lidar measures total number density profiles from the middle
stratosphere to the upper mesosphere. An advanced Na lidar measures profiles of Na number density, neutral
temperature and line-of-sight wind velocity in the height region where there are free Na atoms: 80 to 110 km.
Several of these instruments are capable of measuring in full daylight, but all require a cloudless sky in order to
measure above the troposphere.
Most lidars capable of measuring line-of-sight wind velocities are used in several positions in the sky, sequentially
or quasi-simultaneously. Measurements in zenith give profiles of vertical velocity. Vertical velocities in the upper
mesosphere are usually within approximately ±7 m/s. This value is somewhat greater than the typical velocity
resolution of such an instrument. Many lidars use slant beams 20◦ or 30◦ off-zenith, e.g., to the north and to the
east. Under the assumption (a) that the vertical velocity is much smaller than the horizontal velocity, and (b) that the
horizontal wind is the same at the two positions several tens of km distant from each other, a horizontal wind vector
can be estimated. Another mode uses two beams 20◦ or 30◦ off-zenith towards east and west to estimate the flux of
gravity wave pseudo-momentum in the zonal direction. Profiles of such gravity momentum flux measurements let us
estimate the divergence or convergence of the momentum flux, which is the cause of background wind acceleration.
Momentum flux measurements depend on statistics and must therefore continue for a large number of typical gravity
wave periods without interruption.
This presentation proposes a lidar similar to the Weber Na Lidar at ALOMAR, but employing three beams in a
triangular configuration centered on zenith or at an off-zenith direction. The smallest feasible distance between the
beams is ≈ 1◦ field of view, a few tens or hundreds of meters at 90 km. Larger interbeam distances will increase the
instrument’s sensitivity to gravity waves with horizontal wavelengths approximately twice the interbeam distance.
The presentation will discuss if such an instrument can give us new insight into gravity wave propagation, spectra,
dissipation, or turbulence. Possible designs for the lidar transmitter and receiver with available components will be
evaluated.
17th August 2011
34
The dayside open closed field line boundary - a statistical study using ground-based
optics
Lorentzen, D.A.1 and Johnsen, M.G.2
1
2
UNIS, Longyearbyen, Norway
The Univ. of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
Abstract
This presentation is based on a paper by Johnsen and Lorentzen, [2011]. Several studies have been made to determine
the statistical location of the cusp - the vast majority using satellite data. In this work, ground-based optical data
have been used in order to study the location of the open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) in the cusp
region. The data set used covers 15 auroral seasons - corresponding to two solar minimums and one solar maximum.
Using a meridian scanning photometer, the dayside OCB can be determined using the equatorward edge of the 6300
Å [OI] emission as a proxy. The statistical location of the OCB is compared to both solar- and solar wind activity
indices and coupling functions. It was found that the average optical OCB is located at 75.4 degrees magnetic
latitude, and that there is a statistical significant relationship between the seasonal median of the OCB latitude and
the solar cycle. It was also found that the statistical location of the OCB found by ground-based optics compares
very well with satellite based statistical studies of the cusp location. The statistical OCB location was also found
to have a remarkable fit to the PCN (polar cap magnetic activity) index, thus indicating how well the latitudinal
location of the OCB reflects the degree of interconnection between the solar wind and the magnetosphere/ionosphere
system.
38 AM Abstract book
35
Implementing a chemical scheme for OH* in the University College London CMAT2
3D Global Model
McCarthy, Dean1 , Mulligan, Frank1 and Mooney, Priscilla1
1
National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
Abstract
The Coupled Middle Atmosphere and Thermosphere (CMAT2) Model is a general circulation model under continuous
development at University College London. Work is underway to improve the already existing chemical scheme
focusing on the modelling of vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH*) at mesopause altitudes.
The existing chemical scheme considers ground state OH and vibrationally excited states as a single species. In
the new implementation, the ground state and each of the nine lowest vibrational states have been incorporated as
distinct chemical constituents.
The chemical production of OH* through the reaction H + O3 -> OH*(v=6-9) + O2 has been altered to include
branching ratios into vibrational levels 6 – 9. The loss of OH* is governed through a series of chemical reactions,
both single and multi-quantum collision deactivation, as well as radiative loss.
The model output with be presented and compared to the model output of Picket et al. (2006) as well as
observational data from NASA’s SABER instrument onboard the TIMED satellite.
17th August 2011
36
Study on the impact of sudden stratospheric warmings in mid-latitude MLT region
according to ground-based and satellite temperature measurements
Medvedeva, Irina1 , Chernigovskaya, Marina1 , Perminov, Vladimir2 and Semenov, Anatoly2
1
2
Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW) are an important manifestation of vertical dynamical coupling in the atmosphere. This work presents the results of studies of variations in atmospheric temperature at the mesopause
and lower thermosphere (MLT) heights in different longitudinal sectors during the sudden stratospheric warming
events in 2008-2011. The research is made on the data of ground-based and satellite temperature measurements.
We analyzed variations of upper mesosphere temperature at ≈87 km inferred from OH (6,2) airglow observations
at two mid-latitude observation points: the ISTP Geophysical observatory (East Siberian region, 52N, 103E) and
Zvenigorod station (56N, 37E). Satellite data on atmospheric temperature vertical profiles obtained by the EOS
Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) were involved. It was shown that SSWs affect on the temperature regime of
the atmosphere at the MLT heights. However, the character of the manifestations at different longitudinal stations
was not always identical. In the European longitudinal zone the upper mesosphere temperature decreased during all
analyzed SSWs. In the East Siberian – reaction of the upper mesosphere temperature on SSW did not show such a
stable tendency. We carried out correlation analysis of temperature variations in the stratosphere and upper mesosphere and obtained regression equations. The behaviour and magnitude of the mesopause temperature decrease
depends on the intensity of stratospheric warming. Practically during all analyzed SSW events, when the stratospheric temperature increased by ≈30 K, the mesopause temperature decreased by ≈20 K. The work is supported
by Grants from RFBR-10-05-00062 and RFBR-09-05-00757.
38 AM Abstract book
37
Gravity wave characteristics measured in Ireland by UWOSCR during the 2010-2011
NDMC campaign
Mulligan, Frank J.1 and Lowe, Robert P.2
1
2
National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Abstract
A scanning radiometer developed at the University of Western Ontario was installed at Maynooth, Ireland (53.4◦
N, 6.6◦ W) in August 2010 for the purpose of recording gravity wave characteristics during an NDMC (Network
for Detection of Mesopause Change) campaign. Wave directions, speeds, periods and wavelengths were determined
from 50 clear nights. Propagation directions were found to be northward in summer and early autumn, but changed
to southward in mid-winter. This pattern agrees well with observations made at other mid-latitude sites. Horizontal
wavelengths ranged from 5-70 km, with the most frequently occurring wavelength in the vicinity of 10 km. Periods
ranged from 2-15 minutes with a maximum occurrence frequency in the 3 minute region. Apparent speeds were
found to be between 30 m/s and 150 m/s with the most frequently occurring speed near 65 m/s. A brief description
of the instrument, the method of analysis and results will be presented.
17th August 2011
38
Longitudinal variations of the atmospheric temperature at altitudes of lower thermosphere on the characteristics of the 557.7 nm atomic oxygen emission
Semenov, Anatoly1
1
Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
On the basis of statistical regularities of longitudinal variations of intensity and temperature of atomic oxygen
emission 557.7 nm have been obtained approximation ratio, allowing to make estimations of longitudinal values of
temperature at heights of 95-100 km in the latitudinal zone 30-55N for conditions of a minimum of solar activity.
The harmonious analysis of the revealed variations has shown, that amplitudes of the corresponding harmonic for
intensity and temperatures have proportional values. It has allowed us to construct average longitudinal variations
of temperature of a emitting layer of emission of 557.7 nm. Comparisons to data of direct measurements of temperature by interferometric, lidar and satellite methods have shown that they correspond to the empirical regularities.
Dependences of amplitudes of seasonal variations of temperature on latitudes are obtained. The work is supported
by Grants from RFBR-10-05-00062 Keywords: longitudinal variations, intensity, temperature, emission of atomic
oxygen
38 AM Abstract book
39
How to Use Airglow Measurements in Atmospheric Wave Activity Studies
Taylor, Michael1 , Zhao, Yucheng1 , Pautet, Pierre-Dominique1 and Pendleton Jr., William1
1
Utah State University
Abstract
The naturally occurring airglow emission layers provide an important capability for studying the dynamics of the
Earth’s upper atmosphere. Several emissive layers occur in relatively close proximity to each other in the mesosphere
and lower thermosphere (≈80–100 km) region. These comprise the relatively bright near infrared OH Meinel bands
(peak altitude ≈87 km), the O2 (0,1) Atmospheric band (altitude ≈94 km), and the weaker, visible wavelength OI
(557.5 nm) line emission (altitude ≈96 km) and Na (589.2 nm) doublet emissions (peak altitude ≈90 km). The
nocturnal half-width of each of these layers is ≈8–10 km, providing a unique method for studying the dynamics of
a wide variety of wave phenomena including gravity waves, tides and planetary waves at MLT heights, and their
latitudinal and seasonal variability. At higher altitudes (≈250 km) the OI (630 nm) emission layer continues to
be used extensively to study ionospheric processes associated with strong plasma upwellings at equatorial latitudes
as well as the propagation of large- and medium-scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs). A number of
instrumental techniques have been developed to investigate these atmospheric phenomena utilizing these airglow
emissions. These include photometers, spectrometers, interferometers and imagers. In particular, imagers have
evolved considerably over the past 20 years and are now an essential component of a well-founded observatory. This
talk focuses on how to use digital (CCD) airglow imagers for atmospheric wave studies. As well as providing wide
field data on wave propagation through the MLT layers, new systems can now map the wave-induced temperature
and intensity perturbations, key for investigating their momentum fluxes and hence impact on the MLT dynamics.
Recent observations using new InGaAs IR sensors will also be presented to illustrate current capabilities for high
time (few sec) and precision (≈1–2 K) intensity and temperature measurements.
17th August 2011
40
38 AM Abstract book
41
Aurora
17th August 2011
42
38 AM Abstract book
43
Nighttime auroras for remote sensing of magnetospheric processes
Aikio, Anita1
1
University of Oulu, Finland
Abstract
Auroral structures are located within the auroral ovals, which comprise both the day and nightside and the northern
and southern hemispheres. Auroras appear during quiet and disturbed conditions. The overall picture of solar wind
driving the magnetosphere-ionosphere interaction producing auroras is understood to some extent, but much of the
details are still unknown. This tutorial talk will focus on some aspects of nighttime auroras and their origin.
17th August 2011
44
Ground - satellite observations of dynamics of the magnetosphere - ionosphere system
during the Superstorm on Nov. 20, 2003
Andalsvik, Yngvild Linnea1 , Sandholt, Per Even1 and Farrugia, Charles J.
1
2
2
Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
Abstract
We report observations from a ground - satellite conjunction in the Scandinavian sector at the time of a substorm
breakup in the early main phase of the superstorm on Nov. 20, 2003. Observations of plasma convection, particle
precipitation, field-aligned currents (FACs), aurora, and ground magnetic deflections are discussed in the context of
multi-stage evolution of the Dungey convection and flux circulation cycle during strong forcing of the magnetosphere
at the time of interplanetary CME passage at Earth. We take advantage of the good latitudinal coverage (polar
cap to subauroral latitudes) of the IMAGE chain of magnetometers and meridional profiles of ion drift - particle
precipitation - FACs obtained from spacecraft DMSP F13 and F15 in the 1800 - 2000 MLT sector.
38 AM Abstract book
45
Statistical study of temporal and spatial variations in diffuse aurora
Axelsson, Katarina1 , Sergienko, Tima1 and Brändström, Urban1
1
IRF, Kiruna, Sweden
Abstract
Optical, radar and satellite measurements have demonstrated that diffuse aurora contains fine structures. Data
analysis shows that these fine structures are a result of modulation of high energy precipitating electrons. Pitch
angle diffusion in the loss cone due to interaction of whistler mode wave with plasma sheet electrons is the most
feasible mechanism leading to high-energy electron precipitation. This suggests that the fine structure is an indication
of modulations of the efficiency of the wave-particle interaction. One type of such fine structures is regular, parallel
auroral stripes. Spatial and temporal structures of diffuse aurora stripes can give us information about modulation
mechanisms. In this study we use ALIS data for statistical study of such characteristics.
17th August 2011
46
The morning auroral arcs associated with Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations
Belakhovsky, Vladimir1 , Kozlovsky, Alexander2 and Pilipenko, Slava3
1
Polar Geophysical Institute, Apatity, Russia
Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory of the University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
3
Institute of the Earth Physics, Moscow, Russia
2
Abstract
We study the event of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations observed in the morning sector on 18 December 2001 at the
stations of IMAGE magnetometer network. The pulsations were observed in the wide range of latitudes from 58◦ to
76◦ MLAT. Geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations exhibit signatures of the filed-line resonance (FLR), namely, the decrease
of the frequency with increase of the latitude, change of the ellipse during the propagation thought the resonance
region, and phase propagation from low to high latitudes. Corresponding variations of the ionosphere plasma velocity
were seen by the VHF EISCAT radar, which beam was pointed to north at low elevation (30◦ ) to the horizon. The
frequency of pulsations in the ionosphere plasma velocity decreases with latitude. Signatures of the Pc5 pulsations
were also seen in the data of ionosphere plasma velocity, density, and ion temperature obtained from the EISCAT
Svalbard radar. The cosmic noise absorption did not demonstrate significant signatures of Pc5 pulsations in the
data of riometers in KIL (IRIS) and HOR (Spitsbergen). At the same time, during the event of Pc5 geomagnetic
pulsations, auroral arcs were observed by the all-sky TV camera in Barentsburg (Spitsbergen). The period of
appearance of the auroral arcs was approximately coinciding with the period of Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations. We
suppose that Pc5 geomagnetic pulsations generated by FLR modulate the intensity of morning auroral arcs.
38 AM Abstract book
47
Ideas of Lomonosov in field of auroral research
Chernouss, Sergey1
1
Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS
Abstract
This year we celebrate the 300 anniversary of the birth of Russian Academician Lomonosov. He was encyclopedic
scientists, left more than 15 volumes of publications in physics, chemistry, geophysics, geography, philology, and
other sciences and arts. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (1711-1765) was born and raised in the Arkhangelsk region
in pomors family, where his childhood was lucky to repeatedly watch the aurora. Later, when he became interested
in their physical nature, it does not rely on other people’s descriptions are often far removed from reality, but on
his own observations. Academicians Kraft, Meyer and Geynzenus in the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences
tried to study the aurora thoroughly and seriously. Academician Craft prints extensive historical information about
the aurora to bringing the hypotheses of the optical and cosmic character that existed in Western Europe in 1730.
Views of Meyer were connected with the growth of autumn ”cold” from the ground up warm air and on the contact
line of hot and cold air ignition of vapors. Academician Geynzenus was a supporter of the newly published work
of the Frenchman de Meran that lights should come from matter ejected Sun (which, generally speaking, is a
conjecture about the existence of the solar wind), and in 1740 published an article in which he tried to explain to
a single cause zodiacal light and the aurora. However, the first who proposed the electrical nature of the aurora
was Lomonosov. The main his work on the aurora nature was the ”Oration on aerial phenomena, proceeding from
the force of electricity proposed by Mikhail Lomonosov” , which was reported at the meeting of the Academy of
Sciences November 26, 1753. According to Lomonosov, the electric force may be cause for auroras glow which in
appearance resembles the glow of the gas discharge. In particular, he writes ”So, it is likely that the northern lights
are born from occurring of the electric force in the air. It is confirmed by likeness of the phenomenon appearance
and disappearance, movement, color and form, which are shown in the northern lights and the electric light of the
third kind. ”. Fundamental task for a long time was to determine the height of the aurora. Lomonosov wrote, ”The
position of the northern lights above the limits of the atmosphere shows a comparison of dawn with them” Once he
carried out a direct measurement of the height of the upper edge of the aurora, which according to his calculations
was equal to 420 miles (448 km). This agrees well with modern measurements of the upper edge of the radiant arcs.
Thus, estimates of Lomonosov received three centuries before are closed to modern results. In those times and later
the scientists were challenged to define what constitutes the aurora - intrinsic luminescence of the atmosphere, or
reflected, scattered, or diffracted rays from external light sources. Lomonosov noticed that the stars can be seen
through the lights, and on this basis concluded that ”All of the northern lights shown that light species may not
be vapor or clouds, shining under some lighting. They are almost always have a regular figure, and stars clearly
seen through the northern light luminousity”. Thus it was shown that aurora is self luminosity phenomena of the
atmosphere but not reflected or scattered light of remote source. This speculation of the scientist were subsequently
confirmed by direct instrumental measurements just one hundred years later by famous Swedish physicist Angstrom
in 1866-67 years. The thought of Lomonosov on relationship of auroral colors with the particular substance was
also promising: ”By the way if some main colors composed the white color born in the air then no doubt be that
the main components separately may seen too”. Great interest are pictures and drawings of the aurora taken by
Lomonosov. Forty-seven drawings were engraved on 11 copper engraving and stored in the Museum of Lomonosov
in St.- Petersburg. We can see the typical forms of auroras on them. One can only wonder at the foresight of genius,
who anticipated that knowledge of the nature of the aurora, which have become accessible to us only in the 20
century.
17th August 2011
48
On small-scale aurora
Dahlgren, Hanna1
1
Boston University, Boston, USA
Abstract
Both active auroral displays and diffuse aurora have been found to contain internal structuring when measured with
sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution. Small-scale aurora is the general term given to auroral features with
scale sizes transverse to the background magnetic field of less than 1 km and with time scales of less than a second.
The fine-scale morphology is related to structuring of auroral currents and electric fields, but the details behind
these structures are still not fully resolved – dispersive Alfven waves have been proposed as a possible source of
the particle acceleration, but observations and simulations are inconclusive. Detailed spatial, spectral and temporal
observations of the aurora are crucial in understanding the electrodynamic processes taking place in the ionosphere
and in its coupling to the magnetosphere. In this tutorial, an overview will be given of the latest techniques and
instruments used to measure the rapid phenomenon. Examples of different forms of small-scale aurora will be shown
as observed by ground-based imagers. In light of the observations, the current understanding of the formation of
auroral fine-scale structures is discussed and a review given of important studies which lead the way to a better
understanding of the topic.
38 AM Abstract book
49
The Magnetospheric Drivers of Aurora
Donovan, Eric1
1
University of Calgary, Canada
Abstract
The aurora results from the precipitation of electrons and protons into the upper atmosphere. The aurora is
called diffuse and discrete if that precipitation is caused by pitch angle scattering or field-aligned acceleration,
respectively. The energy that powers the discrete aurora and the pitch angle scattering that causes the diffuse
aurora are consequences of magnetospheric processes. Much of the motion and structure of the aurora arises as a
consequence of magnetospheric plasma physical processes. In this tutorial, I will present a review of our present
understanding of the magnetospheric drivers of auroral power, structure, and dynamics.
17th August 2011
50
Optical Measurements of F-region Ion-Convection
Gustavsson, Björn1 , Tuttle, Sam2 , Dahlgren, Hanna3 , Lanchester, Betty2 and Ivchenko, Nickolay4
1
School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton, UK
3
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
4
School of Electrical Engineering Royal institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
2
Abstract
The long life-time of the oxygen ion state that emits the 7320 Å lines makes the emitting ions move between the
instance of excitation and emission. It is therefore possible to estimate the ion-convection from spectral imaging
at magnetic zenith. Here we present a novel algorithm to estimate the ion-convection around auroral arcs based
on spectral imaging with ASK and incoherent scatter observations with the EISCAT UHF radar. The performance
characteristics of the algorithm are evaluated and a direct comparison with EISCAT observations of ion drift is
made.
38 AM Abstract book
51
On Filamentation and Anti-Filamentation of Auroral Arcs
Gustavsson, Björn1 , Dahlgren, Hanna2 , Lanchester, Betty3 and Ivchenko, Nickolay4
1
School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
3
School of Physics and Astronomy University of Southampton Southampton, UK
4
School of Electrical Engineering Royal institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
2
Abstract
Small-scale structures are often observed in aurora but their appearance and cause are not well understood. One
suggestion is that arc splitting is caused by inertial Alfven waves. In this presentation we use multi-monochromatic
observations of filamenting and anti-filamenting auroral arcs made with the ASK instrument from several events, to
test the predictions of spatio-temporal variations of electron energies and fluxes that can be derived from this model.
17th August 2011
52
Planetary distribution of auroral luminosity inferred from APM
Vorobjev, V. G.1 , Yagodkina, O. I. 1 , Katkalov, Yu. V.1 and Kirillov, A. S.1
1
Abstract
Statistical treatment of DMSP F6 and F7 spacecraft observations during more than 35000 passes through the auroral
zones of both hemispheres was used to create the interactive Auroral Precipitation Model (APM) which is placed
now on http://webapps.pgia.ru/apm/. The model at a level of magnetic activity (AL and Dst indexes) set by
the user allows to receive: (1) global distribution of different types of auroral precipitation, (2) planetary picture of
average electron energy in different precipitating zones, (3) the that of energy fluxes. Observatories or any points
interested by the user can be mark off on the picture by the geographical coordinate dimensioning or a click by
”the mouse” on Google maps. The model allows us to calculate the precipitation power in different zones and the
global distribution of auroral luminosity in visible and UVI spectral ranges. Integral intensities of the N2 LBH(L)
1
1
band near 170.0nm, 1NG N+
2 at 391.4 nm, (OI) 557.7 nm (the transition S → D in atomic oxygen), and the 1PG
N2 band near 669.0 nm have been calculated. To calculate (OI) 557.7 nm intensity the production of O(1 S) in the
3
electron energy transfer process N2 (A3 Σ+
u ) + O( P), the dissociative recombination, auroral electron impact and
the production of electronically excited N2 by auroral electron impact were taken into account. A good agreement
was revealed by comparison of the LBH(L) global distribution observed by the IMAGE spacecraft and calculated
from APM.
This study is supported by the RFBR grant 09-05-00818 and Program 4 of the RAS Presidium.
38 AM Abstract book
53
A case study about the connection of optical auroral activity and geomagnetic Pc5
pulsations
Kauristie, Kirsti1 , Kleimenova, Nataly 2 , Kozyreva, Olga2 , Uspensky, Mikhail1 and Vlasov, Alexey1
1
2
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
We study geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations which were observed on Jan 18 2008 during 0400-0600 UT in the dawn sector
of the high-latitude ionosphere. Like typical for Pc5 activity also in our case the main driver of the pulsations was
an enhancement in the solar wind velocity. In addition, changes in the IMF direction played an important role in
setting up suitable conditions for the pulsations. The enhancement in solar wind velocity took place in two steps
and during the analysed event the IMF Bz had two different types of behavior: a 0.5 hour period with variations
around zero which was surrounded by periods with clearly positive values. The amplitude and period of Pc5 showed
significant variations during the two hour sequence. With the help of solar wind, magnetospheric and ionospheric
observations we discuss the different processes which caused the changes in the Pc5 appearance. In particular, we
study the relationship between the magnetic pulsations and auroral activity observed both in the dawn sector by
MIRACLE ASCs and in the midnight sector by THEMIS ASCs. THEMIS instrumentation recorded during our
event two small substorms. Around the times of the substorm onsets MIRACLE magnetometers recorded sudden
impulses (with 10 min duration and 100-300 nT amplitude) in the magnetic field. The first impulse was accompanied
by an enhancement in high-latitude dawn sector auroras and it was followed by a drop in the Pc5 intensity. The
second impulse was prominent in a wider latitude range than the first one, but its impact in the Pc5 activity was
not as dramatic as in the first case. In the presentation we investigate whether the simultaneous appearance of
the two substorm onsets and the impulses in the dawn sector magnetic activity was just a pure coincidence or
whether these phenomena are signs of a larger scale re-organization in the magnetosphere. In addition, we compare
our observations of Pc5 activity with previous studies discussing the linkage between dawn sector pulsations and
substorm activity.
17th August 2011
54
Inverse cascade in the auroral structure and numerical model of current filaments
Kozelov, Boris1 , Golovchanskaya, Irina1 and Mingalev, Oleg1
1
Abstract
By now, different types of scale-free behavior exhibited by auroral variations have been presented from analyzing
ground-based and satellite imaging observations. Signatures of spatial and temporal scaling in the magnetosphereionosphere system have also been reported for fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields on the auroral field lines.
Within the second order statistics, scaling properties of fluctuations can be characterized by scaling index. Using
UVI images from the Polar satellite, we show that for auroral structures observed at the beginning of substorm
expansion, the scaling index varies from values less than unity to 1.5, increasing with breakup progress. Similar
scaling features are deduced at smaller scales from the ground-based observations. The observed auroral features are
compared with the structures in the field-aligned current simulated by numerical model of non-linear interaction of
current filaments according to the Chang et al. [2004] scenario. We discuss how the observed scaling in the aurora
can be explained by its relation to scaling in the turbulent/scale-free electric fields and Alfvénic coherent structures.
38 AM Abstract book
55
Multi-scale auroral observations in Apatity: equipment and preliminary results
Kozelov, Boris1
1
Polar Geophysical Institute, Russia
Abstract
New equipments contained of 5 cameras were installed at Kola Peninsula for observations of auroral structures at
different scales: (i) all-sky TV camera LCL-902 (1/2” CCD) with Fujinon lens YV2.2×1.4A-SA2; (ii) two monochromatic cameras Guppy F-044B NIR (1/2”CCD) with Fujinon lens HF25HA-1B for 15◦ field of view and glass filter
558 nm; (iii) two color cameras Guppy F-044C NIR (1/2”CCD) with Fujinon lens DF6HA-1B for 60◦ field of
view. The cameras installed at the main building of Apatity division of PGI (67◦ 34’13"N, 33◦ 23’54"E) and at
Apatity range (67◦ 34’42"N, 33◦ 18’35"E). The distance between these points is 3850 m, so the identical cameras
are used as a stereoscopic system. For winter season 2010-2011 the equipment were upgraded by special blocks of
GPS-synchronized time triggering, temperature control and motorized pan-tilt rotation mounts. All cameras are
accessible and operated remotely via Internet. The observational complex is aimed to following scientific problems:
(i) Scaling in small-scale structures of aurora; (ii) Spatial structure of pulsating aurora; (iii) Vertical distribution in
rayed structures; (iv) Relations between proton and electron precipitations (as a support of spectral observations at
Apatity range). The report presents preliminary analysis of the auroral events observed.
17th August 2011
56
Long-term changes in the auroral occurrence in Finland and Svalbard
Partamies, Noora1 , Kauristie, Kirsti1 , Ketola, Anneli1 , Mattanen, Jyrki2 and Mäkinen, Sanna1
1
2
FMI, Helsinki, Finland
FMI, Sodankylä, Finland
Abstract
Digital all-sky camera (ASC) imaging of the aurora started in the MIRACLE network in late 90ś. While the first
couple of seasons, there were only a few stations in routine operation, by the year 2000 already 7 ASCs were
continuously monitoring the night sky above Finland and Svalbard. We used the quicklook data (keograms) from 5
ASC stations to describe the solar cycle driven variation in the auroral occurrence in 2000-2010. The locations of
our sample stations range over the auroral oval latitudes in the MIRACLE sector. The results reveal that during
the past solar minimum the auroral occurrence decreased fastest and most significantly in the southern latitudes,
remarkably in the average oval latitudes and least in the poleward part of the auroral oval. The available long time
series of systematic auroral occurrence from several latitudinally spread stations is a unique data set but very tedious
to investigate manually. Automated image analysis is required for more detailed studies of solar cycle variation in
aurora.
38 AM Abstract book
57
On tomography-like reconstruction from colour auroral images
Partamies, Noora1 , Sangalli, Laureline2 , Gustavsson, Björn3 , Syrjäsuo, Mikko1 , Donovan, Eric4 , Connors, Martin5 ,
Charrois, Dan6 and Kryzanowsky, Zane4
1
FMI, Helsinki, Finland
RMC, Kingston, ON, Canada
3
University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
4
University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
5
University of Alberta, Athabasca, AB, Canada
6
Syzygy Research & Technology, Legal, AB, Canada
2
Abstract
We briefly describe a Canadian colour camera imaging system (Dense Array Imaging SYstem, DAISY) for aurora.
The main goals of DAISY were to measure previously less observed scale sizes of the aurora, and to study the
possibility of using colour images in tomography-like applications to determine the altitude distribution of the
auroral emissions. Our first attempts to do auroral tomography on colour images show that the most dominant
green (557.7 nm) emission line can be well-reconstructed with meaningful peak emission altitudes and horizontal
scales. Fainter emissions at red (630.0 nm) and blue (427.8 nm and other N2 emission) wavelengths could not be
separated from the green spectral line due to the lack of spectral resolution of the colour CCD.
17th August 2011
58
Characteristic energy in an auroral Spiral
Frissell, Nathaniel A.1 , Reistad, Jone Peter2 , Partamies, Noora3 and Lorentzen, Dag4
1
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
3
4
University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
2
Abstract
We are presenting a multi-instrument study of an auroral spiral observed during substorm conditions on February 17,
2010 from the Kjell Henriksen Observatory, Svalbard. Probing the vicinity of the spiral using a meridian-scanning
photometer reveals that the characteristic energy of the precipitating particles are increasing and decreasing as the
spiral winds and unwinds as seen in the all-sky images. Also, the rate of energization is an order of magnitude larger
than the de-energization rate. In terms of size, lifetime and winding direction this spiral is behaving according to
existing theories. Evidence of an enhancement in the upward field-aligned current 30-45 seconds before the apparent
maximum optical spiral winding is found in the magnetometer data. Optical intensities and hence the modelled
energies also shows an intensification prior to the optical winding with the prior mentioned time. With a proxy
in this time lag we are discussing where this spiral structure is likely to be formed. A rough trace back from the
ionosphere with the Alfvén velocity for 45 seconds indicate that the observed disturbance formed about 17RE from
the earth.
38 AM Abstract book
59
Pc2 auroral pulsations
Roldugin, Valentin1 , Roldugin, Alexey1 and Pilgaev, Sergey1
1
Abstract
There are regular optical observations of aurora in Lovozero (ϕ = 68.0◦ N, λ = 35.0◦ E, φ = 64.4◦ , Λ = 114.3◦ ) by
all sky camera ”Spica”. This camera consists of ”fish-eye” lens of model FE-0.8-MAO(4.2) manufactured by Main
Astronomical Observatory UAS, and CCD F-046 Stingray. The frame rate is one per second, the resolution is 360
x 360 pixels with two bytes per pixel.
The event of 2 February 2011 morning is considered. During recovery phase of negative bay about of 40 nT
between 0200 and 0400 UT some trains of geomagnetic pulsations Pc2 with 7.5 sec period and about of 0.04 nT
intensity appeared. Near the northern horizon a homogeneous arc was observed, and to the South from it weak
auroras with indistinct form were situated. We discriminate 11 circles in field of view: 3 near zenith and 8 along
azimuth every 45◦ , and determine averaged light intensity in each circle. Thus obtained variations of luminosity
with 1 sec resolution in different circles are compared with magnetic pulsations with 0.1 sec resolution.
It is found that in the circles with aurora the luminosity variations correlate well with the geomagnetic Pc2
pulsations. The ”pearl” structure is observed both in magnetic and auroral oscillations. The luminosity bursts are
accompanied by positive half-periods in Z-component, by negative ones in D-component, and the positive peaks in
H lag with the luminous peaks about of π/2.
17th August 2011
60
Event Study of the Peak Auroral Emission Altitude from All-sky Images
Sangalli, Laureline1 , Gustavsson, Björn2 , Partamies, Noora3 and Kauristie, Kirsti3
1
Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
University of Southampton, UK
3
2
Abstract
The MIRACLE network monitors auroral activity in the Fennoscandian sector of Europe. Network stations cover
the range of 55◦ to 57◦ magnetic latitude North and span two hours in magnetic local time. Some of the MIRACLE
network stations include digital all-sky cameras (ASC). Some of the ASCs currently in use are: systems with an
image intensifier in front of a CCD (iCCD), systems with electron multiplying CCD (emCCD). Both iCCD and
emCCD cameras in the MIRACLE network operate at three different wavelengths: 427.8 nm, 557.7 nm and 630.0
nm. Each wavelength is selected using narrow band filters on a filter wheel placed in front of the CCD. Our goal is
to evaluate the peak auroral emission altitude using ASC images at different stations pairs for a set of auroral event
in order to evaluate the altitude of peak auroral emissions for different auroral structures. We adapted the AIDA
software package developed by Björn Gustavsson in Kiruna for ASC images. Position calibrated images at two (or
more) ASC stations are for optical triangulation of a set of auroral structures.
38 AM Abstract book
61
Multi-station optical study of substorm breakup auroral arcs
Sergienko, Tima1 , Axelsson, Katarina1 , Gustavsson, Björn2 , Sandahl, Ingrid1 and Brändström, Urban1
1
2
Swedish institute of space physics, Kiruna, Sweden
University of Southampton, Southampton, U. K
Abstract
This report presents a detailed case study of the temporal evolution of growth-phase and substorm breakup auroral
arcs. On December 18, 2006 a substorm breakup was observed above Kiruna, Sweden with the high-resolution
multi-station and multi-wavelength Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS). Multi-station auroral observations allow
us running tomography-like reconstruction of the volume distribution of auroral emissions. The 3D distribution of
the volume emission rates was converted to characteristics of the precipitating auroral electrons and, thereby, the
temporal and spatial dynamics of the auroral particles were studied. The event we have examined indicates: 1) the
system of growth-phase arcs consisted of four auroral arcs with approximately same width (≈7–10 km) and same
intensity in the green (557.7 nm) line; 2) the two most equatorward arcs were formed by more energetic electrons
(>3 keV) while less energetic electrons (<=1 keV) were responsible for the two polarward arcs; 3) the green line
intensity increased dramatically for all arcs simultaneously during the last 5 min before the substorm onset, while
the characteristic energies of the precipitating electrons did not demonstrate noticeable variations; 4) approximately
30 sec before breakup one of the soft electron arcs developed a longitudinal wavy structure, the nonlinear growth of
which continued into the auroral breakup in such a way that a physical relation is suggested.
17th August 2011
62
Two methods to forecast auroral displays
Sigernes, Fred1 , Dyrland, Margit1 , Brekke, Pål2 , Chernouss, Sergey3 , Lorentzen, Dag Arne1 , Oksavik, Kjellmar1
and Deehr, Charles4
1
Norwegian Space Centre, Oslo, Norway
3
4
Geophysical Institute, Fairbanks, USA
2
Abstract
This work compares the methods by Starkov (1994a) and Zhang & Paxton (2008), that calculate the size and location
of the auroral ovals as a function of planetary Kp index. The ovals are mapped in position and time onto a solar
illuminated surface model of the Earth. It displays both the night- and dayside together with the location of the
twilight zone as Earth rotates under the ovals. The graphical display serves as a tool to forecast auroral activity
based on the predicted value of the Kp index. The Zhang & Paxton (2008) ovals are wider in latitude than the
Starkov (1994a) ovals. The nightside model ovals coincide fairly well in shape for low to normal auroral conditions.
The equatorward border of the diffuse aurora is well defined by both methods on the nightside for Kp<=7. The
dayside needs further studies in order to conclude.
38 AM Abstract book
63
Polarisation of emission lines in upper atmospheres of planets
Simon Wedlund, Cyril1 , Lamy, Hervé1 , Barthélemy, Mathieu2 , Lilensten, Jean2 , Gronoff, Guillaume3 , López
Ariste, Arturo4 and Bommier, Véronique5
1
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Institut de Planétologie et Astrophysique IPAG-LPG, Grenoble, France
3
NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
4
THEMIS, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
5
LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Paris, France
2
Abstract
The polarisation of electromagnetic radiations is a key observable that enables the retrieval of essential information
encoded in the emissions of planetary upper atmospheres. Polarisation may arise from spherical symmetry departures
in the line or continuum formation, which in the case of space plasmas, may be due to magnetic or electric fields,
scattering of directive radiation, scattering by aligned dust particles or direct impact from electrons or particles.
In this paper, new spectropolarimetric observations of planetary upper atmospheres including those of Earth,
Jupiter and Mercury are presented with special focus on the theoretics behind them.
Recently, observations by Lilensten et al. (2008) and Barthélemy et al. (2011) reported that Earth’s auroral
red line (λ = 6300 Å O I) is around 1–2% radially polarised, a much lower value than theoretically predicted by
Bommier et al. (2011). Depolarisation processes involving collisions can explain these differences. Theory predicts
that this measurement is not sensitive to the energy of precipitating electrons but can provide an estimate of their
densities through depolarisation processes. A new dedicated spectropolarimeter currently built between BIRA and
IPAG will provide better polarisation measurements of the auroral red line as well as that of other emissions (e.g.,
λ = 8446 Å O I, λ = 4278 Å N+
2 1NG, other N2 bands, etc.).
At Jupiter, polarisation of the λ = 3.95µm H+
3 emission was observed in the auroral zone with the UKIRT
telescope (Barthélemy et al., 2011): although no explanation exists at present, it may be due to local anisotropies
such as electric and magnetic fields. At Mercury, the polarisation of the exospheric λ=5891 Å Na D2 line was
discovered using the solar telescope THEMIS (López Ariste et al., 2011): arising from solar light scattering in a
collision-free exosphere, this polarisation is sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field (but not its intensity)
through the Hanle effect and may also give upper limits for exospheric densities.
Perspectives for future studies and how spectropolarimetry may help characterise planetary upper atmospheres,
from airglow and aurorae to aerosols, will be discussed.
17th August 2011
64
3D reconstruction of N+
2 and OI auroral emissions using the Auroral Large Imaging
System (ALIS)
Cyril Simon Wedlund1 , Hervé Lamy1 , Björn Gustavsson2 , Tima Sergienko3 and Urban Brändström3
1
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium
Space Environment Physics Group, University of Southampton, UK
3
Swedish Institute of Space Physics, IRF, Kiruna, Sweden
2
Abstract
In 2008 and 2009, coordinated campaigns were organised between the European Incoherent Scatter Radar (EISCAT)
and the Auroral Large Imaging System (ALIS) situated in Northern Scandinavia in order to study stable discrete
auroral arcs. With ALIS the N+
2 (4278 Å) 1NG band, the oxygen lines OI (5577 Å) and OI (6300 Å) can be observed
and their profiles can be reconstructed in 3D by means of tomography-like reconstruction techniques.
Inversions of the 3D reconstructed volume emission rate of N+
2 and of the electron densities measured by EISCAT
yield energy spectra of the precipitating auroral electrons that can be used as input into transport kinetic/fluid models
such as TRANS4.
Both inversions give matching results with a typical average precipitation energy of a few keV. The spatial and
temporal extent of the auroral arcs is assessed using average arc width in different wavelengths and the distribution
of the characteristic electron energy as parameters.
In the memory of Prof. Ingrid Sandahl, who has been the constant inspiration behind this work.
38 AM Abstract book
65
Statistical study of the peak auroral emission height using the MIRACLE all-sky
camera network
Whiter, Daniel1 , Partamies, Noora1 and Sangalli, Laureline2
1
2
Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario
Abstract
The aurora is often assumed to have a peak emission height of about 110 km. An assumed auroral height has been
used in simple geometrical calculations to determine auroral horizontal spatial scales and optical flow velocities,
among other properties. However, the height of the aurora is not constant, and the accuracy and validity of assumed
heights are not clear. A statistical study of the auroral height using many years of observations will lead to more
accurate assumed heights with quantitative error estimates, and therefore more accurate estimates of parameters
derived using these assumed auroral heights. An automated correlation process for quickly determining the average
peak auroral emission height of a structure observed by a pair of all-sky cameras will be presented, along with
preliminary results of a statistical study using MIRACLE all-sky camera images.
17th August 2011
66
38 AM Abstract book
67
Troposphere and stratosphere
17th August 2011
68
38 AM Abstract book
69
Studying gravity waves and turbulence in the stratosphere using satellite observations
of stellar scintillation
Sofieva, Viktoria1
1
Abstract
Stellar scintillation observed through the Earth atmosphere is the result of interaction of light wave and turbulent
atmosphere. This presentation is dedicated to using satellite stellar scintillation measurements for studies of gravity
waves and turbulence in the Earth atmosphere. A methodology for retrieving the information about the small-scale
air density irregularities from scintillation measurements is discussed. The overview of the main geophysical results
that are obtained from EFO-2/MIR and GOMOS/Envisat fast photometer measurements is presented. The benefits
of the scintillation method in studies of the structure of air density irregularities and its limitations will be also
discussed.
17th August 2011
70
38 AM Abstract book
71
Radiation and atmospheric components
17th August 2011
72
38 AM Abstract book
73
The annual cycle of precipitable water vapor over the Iberian Peninsula inferred from
MODIS observations and its comparison with GPS data
Bennouna, Yasmine1 , Ortiz de Galisteo, Jose Pablo2 , Cachorro, Victoria1 , Toledano, Carlos1 , Berjón, Alberto3 ,
Fuertes, David1 , Gonzalez, Ramiro1 , Torres, Benjamin1 , Marcos, Jose Luis4 , Martín, Leticia1 and de Frutos, Angel
Maximo1
1
Atmospheric Optics Group (GOA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Meteorological State Agency of Spain (AEMET), Territorial Delegation of Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
3
Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Meteorological State Agency of Spain (AEMET), Santa Cruz de Tenerife,
Spain
4
Department of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering, University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
2
Abstract
Water vapor is well known to be the most dominant greenhouse gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, and yet its high
variability in both space and time constrains our understanding of the global energy and water balance. To study
the spatial and temporal distribution of water vapor amount, one of the most common term is precipitable water
vapor (PWV), referring to column integrated water vapor.
The locations of ground monitoring stations are sparse, and the periods covered by the datasets are generally
limited to a few years. In order to monitor drought conditions and characterize regional climatic variability, a
detailed description of seasonal and annual changes in PWV on regional scales is essential. There is thus a crucial
need for accurate remote sensing techniques that can provide water vapor information on a daily basis with a spatial
resolution of the order of 1 to 5 km and over a long period of time. With the deployment of a new generation
of earth observation satellites in the past decade, considerable improvement of coverage and quality of remotely
sensed moisture parameters has been achieved. The MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) sensor
flown on the Terra and Aqua satellites is well suited for the monitoring of atmospheric properties from space. The
standard MODIS level 2 products MOD05(Terra) and MYD05(Aqua) provide two different PWV datasets based on
the retrievals of independent algorithms: the MODIS near-infrared algorithm (for daytime only), and the MODIS
infrared algorithm (for both night and day). Near-infrared PWV data are given at a resolution of 1x1 km, and
infrared PWV data at a resolution of 5x5 km.
This study comes to complement a previous study on the annual cycle of precipitable water vapor (PWV) over
the Iberian Peninsula derived from 7 years of GPS, Radio Sounding and sun photometer data. Here, the annual
cycle of PWV is derived from satellite data of both MODIS Terra and Aqua for the same period (2002-2008), at
18 sites of the Iberian Peninsula. At all sites the annual cycle presents the typical shape with low values in the
winter and high values in the summer, and the north-south gradient is clearly depicted. The differences between the
two techniques used to derive the PWV from MODIS observations (i.e. infrared and near infrared) are estimated.
Besides, these annual cycles are evaluated by means of comparison with those obtained with the GPS network.
17th August 2011
74
Theoretical validation of the method of retrieval of atomic oxygen altitude profile
from intensity of the electronic-vibrationally excited molecule O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=2) emission
in the MLT
Yankovsky, Valentine1 and Fedotova, Ekaterina1
1
Atmospheric Physics Department of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Abstract
There is a problem of determining the vertical profile of concentration of atomic oxygen O(3 P), in the lower thermosphere and the mesosphere above the mesopause. The study shows that the volume emission rate generated by
3
emissions from excited levels of molecules O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=0-2) depend strongly on the vertical profiles of [O( P)], [O3 ]
and other atmospheric components.
For a comparative analysis of the influence of these factors on the profiles of [O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=0-2)] the modern
model of kinetics of electronic-vibrationally excited products of photodissociation of ozone and molecular oxygen in
the Earth’s middle atmosphere, YM2010, are used [1]. Model YM2010 takes into account 27 processes of production
and deactivation of excited levels of oxygen molecules in the states O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=0-2) including the processes of O2
photodissociation in the Schumann-Runge continuum, J(SRC), and in Lyman-Alpha line , J(Lyα ), O3 photodissociation in the Hartley band, J(Hartley), and resonant absorption of solar radiation by O2 molecules in the bands
762, 689 and 629 nm, J(b0), J(b1), J(b2), respectively. In order to clarify the role of atomic oxygen in the formation
of vertical profiles of O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=0-2), we carried out the sensitivity analysis of the model to variations of the
following parameters: J(SRC), J(Lyα ), J(Hartley), J(b0), J(b1), J(b2), [O3 ], [N2 ], [O2 ], Tg, quantum yields and rate
constants of aeronomical reactions.
It is shown, that the profile of [O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=2)] significantly more sensitive to variations of atomic oxygen
concentration than the profiles of [O2 (b1 Σ+
,
v=0-1)]
[2]. It is important to note, that the height profile of [O2 (b1 Σ+
g
g,
v=2)] does not depend on ozone concentration. The results of sensitivity analysis allowed us to formulate and solve
the inverse problem of retrieval of [O(3 P)] vertical profile from the height profile of [O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=2)] in the altitude
range 85-120 km. Approbation of the proposed method of [O(3 P)] retrieval was based on numerical simulation using
the data on atmospheric models for the satellite TIMED-SABER experiment.
1. Yankovsky V.A., Manuilova R.O. Model of daytime emissions of electronically-vibrationally excited products
of O3 and O2 photolysis: Application to ozone retrieval. Annales Geophysicae, 2006, 24, 11, 2823.
2. Yankovsky V.A., Fedotova E.A. New method for retrieving the atomic oxygen vertical profile from measured
intensity of the emission of electronically-vibrationally excited O2 band in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere,
5 international conference ’Atmospheric physics, climate, and environment’, 2010, 64.
38 AM Abstract book
75
Longterm CO2 changes in the tropo-stratosphere from in situ and optical measurements
Gavrilov, N. M.1 , Semyonov, V. K.2 , Sinyakov, V. P.2 , Tans, P.3 , Guenther, D.4 and Kashin, F. V.5
1
Saint-Petersburg State University, Atmospheric Physics Dept., Petrodvorets,198504, Russia
Kyrgyz National University, Institute of Fundamental Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
3
Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, USA
4
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
5
Institute of Experimental Meteorology, SPA ”Typhoon”, Obninsk, Russia
2
Abstract
Spectroscopic measurements of CO2 mixing ratio are important for validating existed and future satellite observations. Therefore, validating and improvement of main assumptions used in spectroscopic CO2 studies are of interest.
Spectroscopic measurements of CO2 contant in the atmospheric column have been made since year 1980 at the
Issyk-Kul station (42o N, 77o E). One of the main assumptions of the method is constant CO2 mixing ratio at all
altitudes in the atmosphere. In this study we analyze vertical changes of CO2 mixing ratio and its seasonal variations
in the troposphere from the data of flask aircraft measurements at Carr (41o N, 105o W) during many years. These
measurements are made over Rocky Mountains at approximately same latitude as Issyk-Kul station. The results are
compared with optical CO2 measurements and surface data for sites close to Carr and Issyk-Kul station. Statistical
analysis of airplane, surface and optical CO2 measurements over USA and Middle Asia during many years shows
that general trends and seasonal CO2 variations are almost the same at all altitudes 3 – 8 km in well mixed region
over Rocky Mountains. Surface and low-altitude CO2 variations show larger dependence on local conditions. Optical
measurements give information about CO2 variations mainly in free troposphere, which are more homogeneous over
the globe.
17th August 2011
76
GOMOS/ENVISAT overview
Kyrölä, Erkki1
1
Abstract
GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars) on ESA’s Envisat-satellite measures transmission of
light through the Earth’s atmosphere in the limb direction using the stellar occultation method. From transmissions
it is possible to retrieve vertical density profiles of ozone, NO2 , NO3 , H2 O, O2 , and aerosols in the stratosphere and
ozone also in the MLT region. High-resolution temperature profiles in the 15–35 km altitude range can be retrieved
using data from the two fast photometers. In this presentation we will show main scientific results from GOMOS
during the nine years in operation. We will show climatological and time series analysis of ozone, NO2 , NO3 from
2002–2011. Results about OClO, mesopause sodium layer, polar mesospheric clouds, gravity waves and turbulence
and impact of energetic particles on polar NOy and ozone will be highlighted. We also review the development of
the GOMOS data quality during 2002–2011.
38 AM Abstract book
77
Long-term Arctic and Antarctic UV measurements
Lakkala, Kaisa1
1
Finnish Meteorological Institution, Finland
Abstract
The Earth’s ecosystems are protected from the dangerous part of the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation by stratospheric
ozone, which absorbs most of the harmful UV wavelengths. Severe depletion of stratospheric ozone has been observed
in the Antarctic region, and to a lesser extent in the Arctic and mid-latitudes. Concern about the effects of increasing
UV radiation on human beings and the natural environment has led to ground based monitoring of UV radiation.
The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) was among the first institutes to monitor UV radiation at high northern
latitudes, in areas where spring-time polar stratospheric ozone loss was observed. Spectral UV measurements were
started in 1990 at the FMI Arctic Research Centre at Sodankylä (67N). There, due to stratospheric dynamics, the
natural variability in UV radiation is high, especially in springtime. The variability is enhanced by the influence
of the ground snow cover, whose amount and duration vary from year to year. This combination, together with
the possible chemical ozone loss, makes measurements at the site important from an ecological point of view.
The Antarctic NILU-UV network was founded in 1999 and 2000 as a Spanish-Argentinian-Finnish co-operation
project. Three NILU-UV multichannel filter radiometer have been setup at Antarctic stations in order to monitor
ground-based ozone, UV and photosynthetically active (PAR) radiation. The location of the stations with respect
to the stratospheric polar vortex is interesting, as the vortex plays an important role in the mechanism of ozone
depletion. Belgrano, (77S), is mostly located inside the vortex; Marambio (64S) is at various time inside, on the
edge of, or outside the vortex, while Ushuaia (54S) is mostly outside the vortex. Ushuaia is one of the few inhabited
towns situated in an area of severe Antarctic ozone loss. These stations make possible real-time studies of the
impact of daily changes in the polar vortex on total ozone and UV radiation reaching the ground. Atmospheric
conditions both in Finland and in the Antarctic region are challenging for UV measurements: e.g., most of the
measurements are performed at high solar zenith angle (SZA), most of the time the sky has changing cloud cover,
and the temperatures below freezing occur during wintertime. The key question and the most challenging part of
the UV radiation measurements is the quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) of the data. This QC/QA
includes daily maintenance, laboratory characterizations, corrections for all known measurement errors, and control
of the homogeneity of the data time series. Only homogeneous time series allow the drawing of conclusions regarding
long-term changes in the UV radiation amount.
17th August 2011
78
Retrieval of ozone altitude profile from O2 (b1 Σg , v=0,1) emission intensity in the middle atmosphere
Yankovsky, Valentine1 , Martishenko, Xenia1 and Manuilova, Rada1
1
St.Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Abstract
The study considers the possibility of retrieval of ozone vertical profile from observations of emissions of molecules
O2 (b1 Σg , v=0,1). For the analysis we used a model of electronic-vibrationally excited products of photodissociation
of ozone and molecular oxygen in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, YM2010 [1]. Using YM2010 model in the
direct problem we calculated the vertical profiles of O2 (b1 Σg , v=0), O2 (b1 Σg , v=1) and O(1 D) concentrations. In
the calculations we used the atmospheric models from the series of events TIMED-SABER satellite experiment (for
middle latitudes), as well as the rates and quantum yields of 27 aeronomical reactions and the rates of O3 photolysis
in the Hartley band and O2 photolysis in the Schumann-Runge continuum and Lyman-α line. In the inverse problem
the calculated concentration of O2 (b1 Σg , v=0) and O2 (b1 Σg , v=1) were considered as known and used to retrieve
the height profile of ozone. For this purpose we analyzed the sensitivity of the model of electronic- vibrational
kinetics of the photolysis of O2 and O3 depending on the variations of all model parameters (the concentrations of
atmospheric components, gas temperature, photodissociation rates, reaction rate constants and quantum yields of
the products of these reactions) [2]. As a result, the components and reactions which have the greatest influence
on the calculations have been revealed.O2 (b1 Σg , v=1) concentration has a higher sensitivity to variations of ozone
in the altitude range 50-92 km in comparison with O2 (b1 Σg , v=0) concentration. O2 (b1 Σg , v=0) has a relatively
high sensitivity to variations of ozone at altitudes interval 90–103 km. Along with a complete solution of the inverse
problem the parameterization of solution, in which the reactions with the lowest sensitivity is ignored, is considered.
Work is supported by RFBR grant 09-05-00694.
1. Yankovsky V.A., Manuilova R.O. Model of daytime emissions of electronically-vibrationally excited products
of O3 and O2 photolysis: Application to ozone retrieval. Annales Geophysicae, 2006, 24, 11, 2823. 2. Yankovsky
V. A., Kuleshova V. A. Model of daytime emissions of electronically-vibrationally excited products of O3 and O2
photolysis: sensitivity analysis of direct and inverse problems 37th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies
by Optical Methods, 23-27 August 2010, Valladolid, Spain; http://goa.uva.es/37AM/media/presentaciones/7.
5-VA_Yankovsky.pdf, 2010.
38 AM Abstract book
79
Comparison of satellite and ground-based spectroscopic measurements of HF total
column amount
Yagovkina, Irina1 , Polyakov, Alexander1 , Timofeyev, Yuri1 and Walker, Kaley2
1
2
Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario , USA
Abstract
During 2009–2010 near St.Petersburg (Russia) the values of HF total column amount were derived from groundbased measurements of direct solar radiation by Fourier-spectrometer Bruker FS-125. Different estimates of errors
of ground-based measurements have shown that random and systematic errors are 1–5% and 5–6%, respectively.
Comparison of ground-based HF measurements with data of ACE FTS instrument demonstrated good agreement
with consideration for measurement errors of both instruments and spatial-temporal mismatch. This work has been
partly supported by Min. Education and Science grants in the frame of Federal Purposive Program ”Scientific and
Educational Pool of Innovational Russia” P969 from 27.05.2010.
17th August 2011
80
Possibility of ozone and atomic oxygen retrievals from measured intensities of the
molecule O2 (b1Σ+g,v≤ 2) emissions in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.
Yankovsky, Valentine1 , Manuilova, Rada1 and Semenov, Aleksey1
1
Atmospheric Physics Department of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Abstract
The extended model (YM2006) of photodissociation of O2 and O3 in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
(Yankovsky V.A., Manuilova R.O., Annales Geophysicae, 2006, V 24, N 11, P 2823) is used for detailed analysis
of electronic-vibrationally excited levels O2 (b1 Σ+
g ,v≤ 2) populations. In the framework of this problem system
of kinetic balance equations were considered for 4 levels: 3 electronic-vibrationally excited levels O2 (b1 Σ+
g ,v≤ 2)
and first excited level of atomic oxygen O(1 D). Besides of photolysis of O3 in Hartley bands, photolysis of O2 in
the Schuman-Runge continuum and Lyman-α line and excitation of all three considered vibrational levels of the
electronic state O2 (b1 Σ+
g ) due to direct absorption of solar radiation in 762, 689, 629 nm bands are considered. All
1
3
processes of quenching of excited states O2 (b1 Σ+
g ,v≤ 2) and O( D) in collision with O( P), O2 , N2 , O3 and CO2
1 +
are taken into account. In whole, 27 processes of excitation and deactivation of O2 (b Σg ,v≤ 2) and O(1 D) levels
were included. Using the sensitivity study we have shown that the altitude profiles of O2 (b1Σ+g, v≤ 2) populations
substantially depend on O(3 P) and O3 concentrations. In the altitude interval 85–120 km excited level O2 (b1Σ+g,
v=2) is deactivated mainly in collisional processes with O(3 P). The altitude profile of O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=1) population is
mainly connected with [O3 ] altitude dependence. The altitude profile of O2 (b1Σ+g, v=0) population depends both
on [O3 ] and [O(3 P)] altitude profiles. The study shows the possibilities of ozone and atomic oxygen retrievals from
measured intensities of different emissions from excited levels O2 (b1 Σ+
g , v=0, 1, 2) in the mesosphere and lower
thermosphere. The work was partly supported by RFBR grant 09-05-00694.
38 AM Abstract book
81
Instrumentation and techniques
17th August 2011
82
38 AM Abstract book
83
A gravity wave spectrometry from space and ground
Alpatov, Victor1 and Belyaev, Alexey1
1
Abstract
There are no methods that are currently in use that can obtain the three-dimensional wave number (3D) spectrum
of the atmospheric gravity waves (GW). The aim of this work is to develop the methodology which can be used
to infer the 3D GW spectra from the images obtained by ground-based and space-borned airglow imagers. The
method is developed to estimate 3D spectrum parameters directly from a set of the images obtained under different
foreshortenings. It is shown how the data obtained by a space-borned airglow imager may be treated to infer
the 3D wave number spectrum of the temperature fluctuations caused by the GW-ensemble. We describe also a
configuration of several airglow imagers which are to be placed on the ground to achieve multiple perspectives of the
emission layer as it is perturbed by gravity waves. This approach is demonstrated by the results of a simulation.
17th August 2011
84
The central slice theorem for a gravity wave spectrometry
Belyaev, Alexey1
1
Abstract
It is derived the Fredholm equation of the first kind, which describes the relations between the GW spectrum and
the horizontal structure of the airglow wave perturbations registered by the airglow imager. This equation can be
seen as an analogue of the projection-slice theorem (or central-slice theorem) in the computer tomography. It is
shown that its solution is a central slice through 3D GW spectrum. The plane of this slice is perpendicular to the
optical axis of the airglow imager. Thus, in order to retrieve the 3D GW spectrum from the airglow observations it
is needed to obtain a set of the images of the local area of the emission layer under various foreshortenings.
38 AM Abstract book
85
Calibrating auroral cameras
Brändström, Urban1 , Wang, Zilu1 , Sergienko, Tima1 , Gustavsson, Björn2 , Axelsson, Katarina1 , Enell, CarlFredrik3 , Mäkinen, Sanna4 and Sigernes, Fred5
1
Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
University of Southampton, Southampton, U. K
3
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Sodankylä, Finland
4
5
The Kjell Henriksen Observatory, UNIS, Longerbyen, Norway
2
Abstract
This paper is presented in memoriam: Professor Ingrid Sandahl 1949-2011.
Absolute calibration of auroral photometers has a long history in the optical communities. The main means
of calibration has been low-light sources inter-calibrated at regular calibration workshops held during the optical
meetings. This technique was to some extent inherited when the need for accurate absolute calibration of auroral
imagers arose in the late 1980’s. However, calibrating an auroral imager is a significantly more difficult task. Before
absolute calibration, the instrument signature must be removed. For wide field-of-view imaging the major obstacle
here is obtaining an acceptable flat-field correction image, but there are also other problems related to this.
Three methods are currently in use for absolute calibration of auroral imagers: (1) The traditional method
involving inter-calibrated low-intensity light-standards; (2) High-intensity light-standards combined with Lambertian
screens (or integrating spheres) and Neutral-Density (ND) filters; and (3) Techniques involving imaging of catalogue
stars with well-known spectras. While each of these methods can provide acceptable results, the last one also takes the
atmosphere and domes into account; most notably, it can be applied directly on the measurement site. Unfortunately
these three methods are not compared on a regular basis and actions should be taken by the community to remedy
this.
The task of mapping the field-of-view of each pixel to the observed object is called geometrical calibration. A
common, well-developed method is to obtain a set of star-images for each of the viewing directions under consideration. Then the positions of the stars are calculated from a star catalogue and mapped down to the image coordinates.
Then preferably more than 100 stars, evenly distributed across the image, are identified. Finally a transfer function
is adjusted so that the calculated and actual positions of the stars overlap. This transfer function is then used to
calculate the field-of-view of each pixel of the CCD.
This paper will discuss the various calibration techniques for auroral imagers and present preliminary results
of a recent comparison of traditional absolute calibration of ALIS with a calibration using well-known spectras of
catalogue stars.
17th August 2011
86
Multi-spectral LIDAR system — Design, build and test
Fastig, Shlomo1 , Ehrlich, Yossi1 , Pearl, Shaul1 , Naor, Eran1 , Kraus, Yaniv1 , Inbar, Tuvia
1
1
and Katz, David1
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
Abstract
Long range, UV-IR combined LIDAR system was built and tested. The systemś modes of operation are: multiwavelength DIAL in the IR (8–11 µm), dual excitation wavelengths LIF LIDAR in the UV, and aerosol optical
scattering for mapping and tracking at 1.5 µm. The IR transmitter is a continuous tunable solid-state Tandem
Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) that was developed and built at Soreq. The first OPO stage generates a 1.5
µm beam and which is used to a second OPO stage to generates the continuously tunable IR band. In the UV
the transmitter generates and transmits either the 266 nm or the 355 nm wavelengths sequentially to generate LIF
measurements simultaneously at 8 bands spanning ≈200 nm, starting from 280 nm and above. All the outgoing
laser beams are aligned to ensure geometric overlap over the measured paths. Energy references are measured for
each beam on every pulse. The receiver is based on a single reflective telescope with coatings optimized for both
the UV and the IR. The optical signal received is routed between the different detection packages of the receiver
by means of a fast computerized optical scanner mirror. The receiver-transmitter layout is based on the periscope
geometry and is equipped with a large θ-φ scanner. Computer control enables fast switching between the different
types of measurement and wavelengths, the data acquisition and the spatial scan as well. The system was built
inside a mobile trailer and was field tested to discriminate different aerosol types in a complex environment.
38 AM Abstract book
87
Wind measurements by Doppler lidar
Hildebrand, Jens1 , Baumgarten, Gerd1 , Fiedler, Jens1 , Lübken, Franz-Josef1 and von Cossart, Götz1
1
Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany
Abstract
Wind measurements are essential for a comprehensive understanding of dynamical and thermal processes in the
atmosphere. Winds determine the filtering of waves and reflect the balance between sources and sinks of energy
and momentum. Unfortunately wind measurements are difficult in a large part of the middle atmosphere between
about 30 and 70 km. This region is too high for balloons and the absence of free electrons prevents radar soundings.
Rockets and satellites may cover part of this region but the first allow only sporadic snapshots while the latter have
limited horizontal and temporal resolution. The Rayleigh/Mie/Raman (RMR) lidar at the ALOMAR observatory
in Northern Norway (69◦ N, 16◦ E) covers the whole altitude range between about 15 and 90 km. Since 1997
it measures temperatures and aerosols on routine basis and is fully daylight capable. During the last years it
was successfully upgraded to additionally determine winds in the middle atmosphere. The technique is based on
measuring the Doppler shift of light backscattered from moving molecules using the steep edge of an iodine absorption
line. This requires a sophisticated laser and detection control since the relative Doppler shift is on the order of only
∆ν/ν ∼ 10−8 –10−7 . The frequency of the transmitter is controlled by injection-seeding with an extremely stable
seed laser and monitored to take offsets into account. Additionally the performance of the detection system is
investigated continuously during measurement. The ALOMAR RMR lidar is designed as a twin system: it uses
two transmitting lasers (each 150 MW peak power) and two independently tiltable telescopes (each 1.8 m diameter
primary mirrors) which allows measuring vertical profiles of two wind components simultaneously. The retrieval
currently provides winds in aerosol free parts of the middle atmosphere without external calibration. First results
show good agreement with winds derived by radar, sodium resonance lidar and ECMWF re-analyses. We present
our technical setup for wind measurements in the middle atmosphere and first results obtained during the last three
years.
17th August 2011
88
Numerical modeling of sounding of the atmosphere based on combined IR and microwave measurements on board ”Meteor-3M” satellite
Polyakov, Alexander1 , Timofeyev, Yuri1 , Uspensky, Alexander2 and Kostsov, Vladimir1
1
2
Saint-Petersburg state university, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
SRC ”Planeta”, Moscow, Russia
Abstract
The technique for temperature-humidity sounding of the atmosphere based on combined IR and microwave measurements by IKFS-2 and MTVZA-GYa instruments onboard Â«Meteor-3MÂ» satellite has been developed. The
method provides the possibility for both separate and joint interpretation of IR and microwave measurements for
cloudy conditions (cloud parameters - the height of upper boundary and the cloud amount are derived independently). The technique is based on the linear regression method and a non-linear implementation of the optimal
estimation method. The proposed method was tested and analyzed by means of closed-loop numerical experiments.
Ensemble of atmospheric parameters used in the numerical experiments included profiles of temperature, humidity,
ozone, methane, nitrogen dioxide and also cloud amount, cloud liquid water content, surface temperature and emissivity. Errors of the retrieval of temperature and humidity profiles, cloud and surface characteristics and mixing
ratio values for greenhouse gases have been estimated under different conditions of satellite measurements. This
work has been partly supported by grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research 09-05-00797-a.
38 AM Abstract book
89
Roldugin, Alexey1 , Chernouss, Sergey1 , Pilgaev, Sergey1 , Kuznetsova, Marina1 , Milichenko, Alexander2 and Fedorenko, Yuri1
1
2
Polar geophysical institute, Apatity, Russia
Polar geophysical institute, Murmansk, Russia
Abstract
Roldugin A.V., Pilgaev S.V., Kuznetsova M.V., Chernouss S.A., Milichenko A.N., Fedorenko Yu.V. Polar Geophysical Institute of KSC RAS, Apatity-Murmansk.
The mobile research unit is created in the Polar Geophysical Institute in 2010. This unit is designed to accommodate the scientific equipment used for carrying out of regular observations and special experiments. It is
a standard 20-foot container, equipped with a powerful thermal insulation, temperature control system and nodes
for the installation and holding of optical equipment. The unit is easily transported by a lorry, train and ship and
can be installed at any minimally prepared site. It protects indoor equipment against any weather. To bring the
equipment located in the unit to operating condition, it is sufficient to connect the Internet network cable and a
power cable with 220 V voltage. The unit is divided into two rooms, one is designed for assemblage and adjustment of instrumentation, as well as the placement of data acquisition system and personnel accommodation, and
second one is designed for optical equipment installation. The unit is currently equipped with a black-white all-sky
CCD camera, visible range meridianal CCD spectrometer, and will be equipped by hiperspectral emission imager
in frame of NORUSKA-2 programme for simultaneous observations by identical cameras at Barentsburg and KHO
observatories in 2011–2012 years.
17th August 2011
90
Novel MEMS and Piezoactuated Fabry-Perot spectral imagers for atmospheric studies
Saari, Heikki1
1
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
Abstract
Push broom imaging spectrometers has been used in instruments like GOMOS, SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME.
In these instruments the light is dispersed by means of a prism or by a diffraction grating. These push broom
instruments form a 2D image on detector in which one axis is spectral and the other spatial dimension making it
impossible to get an image of the atmospheric limb instantaneously. In ALTIUS (Fussen et.al.) the concept is to
use the entire detector as an imager of the atmospheric limb to solve the tangent altitude registration problem (ref.
http://altius.oma.be). In ALTIUS the acousto-optical tunable filters (AOTF) are used. A similar type of mission
titled ”Spectral Imaging of Middle Atmosphere for Climate Change (SIMACC)”was proposed by Erkki Kyrölä, et.al.
in response to ESA Call. In SIMACC instrument the Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) tunable filters are used. The
advantages of FPI technology over AOTF technology are higher optical throughput and flexibility in the wavelength
range.
This paper describes the technology and properties of the MEMS and Piezo-actuated FPI modules and spectral
imagers based on them. The instrument concepts to utilize this technology in atmospheric studies will also be
discussed. VTT has developed MEMS and Piezo-actuated Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) modules for miniaturized spectrometers covering spectral regions from UV to thermal IR since 1990. This technology enables to build
extremely compact imaging spectrometers. VTT has built a spectral imager for UAV that can be used in forest
and agriculture applications. It is based on a Piezo-actuated FPI accompanied with a 5 Mpixel RGB CMOS image
sensor. The mass of the spectral imager is less than 400 grams, and dimensions are 120 mm x 60 mm x 60 mm. The
MEMS FPI is a monolithic device, i.e. it is made entirely on one substrate in a batch process, without assembling
separate pieces together like in Piezo-actuated device. The gap is adjusted by moving the upper mirror with electrostatic force, so there are no actual moving parts. Benefit of the MEMS FPI is a low mass. The spectral imager
based on MEMS FPI has been selected as the main Earth observation payload for the Finnish Student satellite,
Aalto-1 by Aalto University.
References
1. Praks, J., et al. ”Aalto-1: Multi-Payload, Remote Sensing Nanosatellite Mission”, 1st IAA Conference on
University Satellite missions and CubeSat Workshop, Rome, January 24-29, 2011.
2. Saari, H., et.al., ”Novel hyperspectral imager for lightweight UAVs”, Proc. SPIE 7668 (2010).
38 AM Abstract book
91
A new auroral hyperspectral all-sky camera
Sigernes, Fred1 , Ivanov, Yuriy2 , Chernouss, Sergey3 , Trondsen, Trond4 , Roldugin, Alexey3 , Fedorenko, Yury3 ,
Kozelov, Boris3 , Kirillov, Andrey3 , Safargaleev, Vladimir3 , Dyrland, Margit1 , Lorentzen, Dag1 and Oksavik, Kjellmar1
1
Main Astronomical Observatory, Kiev, Ukraine
3
4
Keo Scientific Ltd., Calgary, Canada
2
Abstract
A prototype auroral hyperspectral all-sky camera has been constructed that uses electro-optical tunable filters to
image the night sky as a function wavelength in the visible with no moving mechanical parts. The core optical
system includes a new high power all-sky lens with F-number equal to f/1.1. The camera is capable of detecting a
few kR aurora at an exposure time of only 100 ms.
17th August 2011
92
Transferring historical auroral films into digital format
Rao, Jayasimha Ramachandra1 and Syrjäsuo, Mikko2
1
2
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation
Abstract
In 1973–98, the Finnish Meteorological Institute regularly operated up to 14 auroral all-sky cameras in the Finnish
Lapland. Their operation was carried out in a routine fashion with the aim to record the sky every. A downward
looking film camera captured the whole sky by using a spherical mirror. A custom-built electronic control system
initiated the operation at dusk and the imaging was carried out until the dawn. Nominal temporal resolution was
one minute, even though 20-second cadence was occasionally used during campaigns. In addition to the reflection
of whole sky in the mirror, each film frame also captured a station identification plaque and the current date and
time. Three colour standards were also visible to guide the film development process.
For daily research use, the auroral films were later transferred to videotapes. Each video frame then corresponded
to one individual image and one could rewind the tape back and forth to study the auroral display. The time instant
was visually verified from the images.
We have now digitised the videotapes into a computer compatible format. In order to integrate the data to modern
data systems, however, there are a number of practical details that need to be dealt with. The key information to
automatically identify includes the station and the capture date and time. As the actual content within the frame
may vary, the first task is to determine the sky image and the locations of the colour standards as well as the area
containing the date and time display. The actual sky image is copied into a predetermined location in a template
image frame. Relevant meta-data are included in the final digital image stored on disk. This allows treating the data
as if they originated from a modern digital all-sky camera. Generation of summary plots (keograms) and distributing
data, for example, within a virtual observatory framework becomes feasible.
Making the historical all-sky image data easily accessible for the science community at large significantly extends
the current data archives to cover several solar cycles. We present the very first results of our ongoing work and
discuss the techniques we have evaluated and used to automate the data processing.
38 AM Abstract book
93
A review of automated analysis of auroral images — current status and new prospects
Syrjäsuo, Mikko1 and Hollmén, Jaakko2
1
2
Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
Abstract
Observing and measuring the auroral displays has been a central part in space research since the beginning. Even
before space-born experiments were possible, cameras and other optical instruments were used to record the light
show in the polar sky for later visual analysis. The arrival of satellite instruments revealed the magnitude of
the plasma phenomena in the upper atmosphere and beyond it. In the present day, arrays of ground-based stations
complement the data from a fleet of satellites, whose orbits have been selected to maximise the scientific output. The
existing tools for further analysis, however, cannot efficiently and meaningfully handle the continuously increasing
flow of incoming data. Full exploitation is, in our opinion, not possible without new methodology. Exploiting results
from computer science and applying proven techniques to auroral image data creates fresh possibilities.
There are several major applications that would greatly benefit from computer-aided analysis — with human in
the loop — or fully automated analysis tools. A persistent question concerns the existence of aurora in a given image.
This is a surprisingly difficult task to perform automatically especially with data from panchromatic (”white light”)
imager such as those used in THEMIS. After the existence of aurora is confirmed, we can continue with identifying
image regions with auroral activity. Objective analysis of auroral morphology allowing quantitative comparisons
to models and simulations becomes possible. Tracking individual auroral patches further leads to spatio-temporal
analysis.
We review the existing literature of automated auroral image analysis. The differences in analysis of satellite
and ground-based images are contrasted. The emergence of dedicated virtual observatories allows truly large-scale
and global analysis of the aurora. We extend the literature review to selected areas within the field of computer
science to introduce state-of-the-art methodology for handling multidimensional and complex data. For example,
parsimonious modelling aims at achieving maximally simple and compact models as a result of data analysis. This
often results in more understandable models from which the properties of the underlying phenomena are easier to
infer.
Our emphasis is on proven learning algorithms as well as those that would require little effort in implementation
but could result in significant impact on auroral research methodology. Key directions for future research and
collaboration with computer scientists are identified.
17th August 2011
94
38 AM Abstract book
95
Facilities and experiments
17th August 2011
96
38 AM Abstract book
97
EISCAT_3D, New generation Incoherent Scatter Radar to Northern Fennoscandia
Aikio, Anita1 , Ulich, Thomas2 , Lehtinen, Markku2 and Turunen, Esa3
1
Department of Physics, University of Oulu, Finland
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, Finland
3
EISCAT Scientific Association, Kiruna, Sweden
2
Abstract
In this presentation, we describe the present status of the EISCAT_3D incoherent scatter radar, which is planned to
replace the existing EISCAT radars in Tromsø (Norway), Kiruna (Sweden) and Sodankylä (Finland). EISCAT_3D
will be a key facility for many research areas including atmospheric science, auroral and space physics as well as space
weather applications. EISCAT_3D has been accepted on the ESFRI Roadmap for Large-Scale European Research
Infrastructures for the next 20–30 years. The design work of the new phased array radar is going on under the
EU-funded FP7 Preparatory Phase project. In addition, national funding is used to build a phased array receiver
called KAIRA at Kilpisjärvi. The installation work will start in summer 2011.
17th August 2011
98
SPEAR (Space Plasma Exploration by Active Radar): An ionospheric heater in the
high arctic
Baddeley, Lisa1
1
Abstract
The SPEAR high power heating facility is located on Svalbard at 75◦ CGM latitude and as such is 10◦ closer to a
geomagnetic pole than any current ionospheric heating facility. It thus has the unique ability to perform heating
experiments inside the polar cap at all local times. It is co-located with several facilities, including the EISCAT
Svalbard Radar, the SOUZY radar and the Kjell Henriksen Observatory as well as lying in the fields-of-view of two
SuperDARN HF radars. The facility was put into operation in 2004, and has a detailed and successful research
history, with experiments undertaken by scientists from 11 different research institutes in 6 different countries. Recent
upgrades to the facility have increased the experimental capabilities of the system, allowing sub-second modulation
pulse schemes. A summary of the facility, in addition to information regarding access to the system and possibilities
for future experimental collaborations will be presented.
38 AM Abstract book
99
Andøya Rocket Range - ”Wind of Change”
Dahle, Kolbjørn Blix1 and Abrahamsen, Trond2
1
Abstract
”A wind of change is blowing” over Andøya Rocket Range, and we are heading for some very interesting times. New
businesses like unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), expanded activities within ARR subsidiaries with major synergies
to the telemetry side of our sounding rocket activity and huge infrastructural upgrades is going to change both the
diversity and the quality of our services.
In 2010, a completely new building for our Payload department and UAS activity marked the beginning of a
two year long rework of the ARR facilities, including a new main building providing over 30 new offices. Everything
will be ready by August 12th 2012 when ARR celebrates its 50 years anniversary. In addition to a wide range
of upcoming, regular scientific sounding rockets, Andøya Rocket Range, the National Centre for Space-Related
Education (NAROM) and the universities of Oslo and Tromsø have for some time worked to compile a joint CanadianNorwegian student sounding rocket program.
Named CaNoRock, the 10-year program, including both smaller troposphere sounding rockets and regular scientific missions is scientifically controlled and focuses heavily on bilateral cooperation and the exchange of physics- and
technology students between the two countries. The CaNoRock group has also planned to establish an ”International
Space Science Degree” to be awarded to outstanding students in the CaNoRock program which was officially started
by the Canadian Ambassador to Norway in January this year.
17th August 2011
100
38 AM Abstract book
101
NLC and PMC
17th August 2011
102
38 AM Abstract book
103
NLC climatology from GOMOS observations
Pérot, Kristell1 , Hauchecorne, Alain1 and Montmessin, Franck1
1
LATMOS, Guyancourt, France
Abstract
Noctilucent clouds (NLC), also called polar mesospheric clouds when observed from space, are the visible manifestation of water ice particles persistently present in the polar summer mesopause region, which is the coldest place on
Earth. Because of their extraordinary height of about 83 km, they can become visible to the naked eye when the sun
sinks below the horizon, providing a dazzling display of bluish light. Since these clouds are extremely sensitive to
changes in their environment, their observation conveys unique information concerning the various processes taking
place in the mesosphere.
GOMOS is a stellar occultation instrument combining 4 spectrometers in the spectral range 250 to 950 nm
(UV-visible-near IR) and 2 fast photometers (470–520 nm and 650–700 nm). On the day side, in addition to star
light, GOMOS measures also the solar light scattered by the atmospheric molecules. In the summer polar days,
NLC are clearly detected using the photometers signals. The sun-synchronous orbit of ENVISAT allows observing
them in both hemispheres. The main properties of these clouds (occurrence frequency, radiance, altitude) have been
retrieved from GOMOS data. A very high accuracy is possible thanks to the stellar occultation technique. Moreover,
the observation of these clouds with the spectrometers provides the spectral dependence of the light scattered by
the NLC particles, from which it is possible to derive their radii.
These clouds at the edge of space have been studied using GOMOS data from 2002 to 2010. After a brief overview
of retrieval methods, the climatology obtained for the main NLC characteristics will be presented, focusing on the
seasonal and latitudinal coverage.
17th August 2011
104
Probing the atmosphere with optical methods: Lessons learned and challenges for the
future
Witt, Georg1
1
Dept. of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Sweden
Abstract
38 AM Abstract book
105
Author index
Aalto, Pasi, 23
Aaltonen, Veijo, 23, 24
Abrahamsen, Trond, 99
Aikio, Anita, 43, 97
Alpatov, Victor, 30, 83
Andalsvik, Yngvild Linnea, 44
Arola, Antti, 23
Axelsson, Katarina, 45, 61, 85
Baddeley, Lisa, 98
Barthélemy, Mathieu, 63
Baumgarten, Gerd, 87
Belakhovsky, Vladimir, 46
Belyaev, Alexey, 29, 83, 84
Bennouna, Yasmine, 24, 73
Berjón, Alberto, 24, 73
Blindheim, Sandra, 24
Bommier, Véronique, 63
Brändström, Urban, 32, 45, 61, 64, 85
Brekke, Pål, 62
Cachorro, Victoria, 24, 73
Carlund, Thomas, 24
Charrois, Dan, 57
Chernigovskaya, Marina, 36
Chernouss, Sergey, 30, 47, 62, 89, 91
Connors, Martin, 57
Dahle, Kolbjørn Blix, 99
Dahlgren, Hanna, 48, 50, 51
Deehr, Charles, 62
de Frutos, Angel M., 24
de Frutos, Angel Maximo, 73
de Leeuw, Gerrit, 23, 24, 26
Donovan, Eric, 49, 57
Dyrland, Margit, 62, 91
Dyrland, Margit Elisabet, 31
Ehrlich, Yossi, 86
Enell, Carl-Fredrik, 32, 85
Farrugia, Charles J. , 44
Fastig, Shlomo, 86
Fedorenko, Yuri, 89
Fedorenko, Yury, 91
Fedotova, Ekaterina, 74
Fiedler, Jens, 87
Frissell, Nathaniel A., 58
Fuertes, David, 73
Gausa, Michael, 24
Gavrilov, N. M., 75
Golovchanskaya, Irina, 54
Gonzalez, Ramiro, 73
Gronoff, Guillaume, 63
Guenther, D., 75
Gustavsson, Björn, 32, 50, 51, 57, 60, 61, 64, 85
Håkansson, Bertil, 24
Hannukainen, Meri, 26
Hauchecorne, Alain, 103
Hedin, Jonas, 32
Herber, Andreas, 24
Hildebrand, Jens, 87
Hollmén, Jaakko, 93
Hoppe, Ulf-Peter, 33
Inbar, Tuvia , 86
Ivanov, Yuriy, 91
Ivchenko, Nickolay, 50, 51
Johnsen, M.G., 34
Kannel, Martin, 25
Kashin, F. V., 75
Katkalov, Yu. V., 52
Katz, David, 86
Kauristie, Kirsti, 53, 56, 60
Ketola, Anneli, 56
Kirillov, A. S., 52
Kirillov, Andrey, 91
Kleimenova, Nataly , 53
Kolmonen, Pekka, 26
Kostsov, Vladimir, 88
Kozelov, Boris, 54, 55, 91
Kozlovsky, Alexander, 46
Kozyreva, Olga, 53
Kratzer, Sussane, 24
Kraus, Yaniv, 86
Kryzanowsky, Zane, 57
Kuznetsova, Marina, 89
Kyrölä, Erkki, 76
Lübken, Franz-Josef, 87
17th August 2011
106
López Ariste, Arturo, 63
Lakkala, Kaisa, 77
Lamy, Hervé, 63, 64
Lanchester, Betty, 50, 51
Lehtinen, Markku, 97
Lihavainen, Heikki, 23
Lilensten, Jean, 63
Lorentzen, D.A., 34
Lorentzen, Dag, 58, 91
Lorentzen, Dag Arne, 62
Lowe, Robert P., 37
Mäkinen, Sanna, 56, 85
Manuilova, Rada, 78, 80
Marcos, Jose Luis, 73
Martín, Leticia, 73
Martishenko, Xenia, 78
Mattanen, Jyrki, 56
McCarthy, Dean, 35
Medvedeva, Irina, 36
Mielonen, Tero, 23
Milichenko, Alexander, 89
Mingalev, Oleg, 54
Montmessin, Franck, 103
Mooney, Priscilla, 35
Mulligan, Frank, 35
Mulligan, Frank J., 37
Myhre, Cathrine Lund, 24
Naor, Eran, 86
Nikolaishvili, Sergey, 29
Ohvril, Hanno, 25
Oksavik, Kjellmar, 62, 91
Okulov, Oleg, 25
Ortiz de Galisteo, J. Pablo, 24
Ortiz de Galisteo, Jose Pablo, 73
Pérot, Kristell, 103
Partamies, Noora, 56–58, 60, 65
Pautet, Pierre-Dominique, 39
Pearl, Shaul, 86
Pendleton Jr., William, 39
Perminov, Vladimir, 36
Pilgaev, Sergey, 59, 89
Pilipenko, Slava, 46
Platov, Yuly, 30
Polyakov, Alexander, 79, 88
Saari, Heikki, 90
Safargaleev, Vladimir, 91
Sandahl, Ingrid, 61
Sandholt, Per Even, 44
Sangalli, Laureline, 57, 60, 65
Semenov, Aleksey, 80
Semenov, Anatoly, 36, 38
Semyonov, V. K., 75
Sergienko, Tima, 32, 45, 61, 64, 85
Sigernes, Fred, 31, 62, 85, 91
Simon Wedlund, Cyril, 63, 64
Sinyakov, V. P., 75
Sofiev, Michael, 26
Sofieva, Viktoria, 69
Sogacheva, Larisa, 23, 26
Stebel, Kerstin, 24
Sundström, Anu-Maija, 26
Syrjäsuo, Mikko, 57, 92, 93
Tans, P., 75
Taylor, Michael, 39
Timofeyev, Yuri, 79, 88
Toledano, Carlos, 24, 73
Torres, Benjamin, 24, 73
Trondsen, Trond, 91
Turunen, Esa, 97
Tuttle, Sam, 50
Ulich, Thomas, 97
Uspensky, Alexander, 88
Uspensky, Mikhail, 30, 53
Verronen, Pekka. T, 32
Vlasov, Alexey, 53
von Cossart, Götz, 87
Vorobjev, V. G., 52
Walker, Kaley, 79
Wang, Zilu, 85
Wehrli, Christoph, 24
Whiter, Daniel, 65
Witt, Georg, 32, 104
Yagodkina, O. I. , 52
Yagovkina, Irina, 79
Yankovsky, Valentine, 74, 78, 80
Zhao, Yucheng, 39
Zibordi, Giuseppe, 24
Rao, Jayasimha Ramachandra, 92
Reistad, Jone Peter, 58
Rodriguez, Edith, 23, 26
Roldugin, Alexey, 59, 89, 91
Roldugin, Valentin, 59
Rydesäter, Peter, 32
38 AM Abstract book
107
Registered participants
Last name
Aaltonen
First name
Veijo
Aikio
Anita
Institution
Finnish Meteorological Institute
University of Oulu
Andalsvik
Yngvild
University of Oslo
Axelsson
Katarina
Baddeley
Lisa
Belyaev
Alexey
Swedish Institute
of Space Physics
University Centre
in Svalbard
Institute of Applied Geophysics
Brändström
Urban
Cachorro
Victoria
Chernouss
Sergey
Dahlgren
Hanna
Boston University
Donovan
Eric
Dyrland
Margit
Enell
Carl-Fredrik
Fastig
Fedotova
Shlomo
Ekaterina
University of Calgary
The
University
Centre in Svalbard
(UNIS)
Sodankylä
Geophysical Observatory
Soreq
St.
Petersburg
State University
de Frutos
Ángel
Gavrilov
Nikolai M.
Gausa
Michael
Swedish Institute
of Space Physics
University of Valladolid
Polar Geophysical
Institute
University of Valladolid
Saint-Petersburg
State University
Andøya
Range
Rocket
Department
Climate Change
Address
Helsinki, Finland
Email
[email protected]
of
Oulu, Finland
[email protected]
of
Oslo, Norway
[email protected]
Kiruna, Sweden
[email protected]
Longyearbyen,
Svalbard, Norway
Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Kiruna, Sweden
[email protected]
Valladolid , Spain ,
Spain
Apatity,
Murmansk
region,
Russia
Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
Calgary, Alberta,
Canada
Longyearbyen,
Svalbard, Norway
[email protected]
University of Oulu
Sodankylä,
land
[email protected]
NRC
Atmospheric
Physics
Department
Grupo de Óptica
Atmosférica
Atmospheric
Physics
Department
ALOMAR
Yavne, Israel
St.
Petersburg,
Petrodvorets, Russian Federation
Valladolid, Spain
Department
Physics
Department
Physics
Kiruna
Department of Atmospheric Dynamics and Optics
Kiruna
Grupo de Óptica
Atmosférica
Optical methods
Center for Space
Physics
Dept. of Physics
and Astronomy
Dept.
of Arctic
Geophysics
Fin-
Petrodvorets,
Saint-Petersburg,
Russia
Andenes, Norway
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
17th August 2011
108
Gustavsson
Björn
University
of
Southampton
Leibniz-Institut
of
Atmospheric
Physics
Physics
Hildebrand
Jens
Hoppe
Kannel
Ulf-Peter
Martin
University of Oslo
University
of
Tartu
Polar Geophysical
Institute
Physics
Institute
Physics
Kari
Kirsi
Katkalov
Yury
Kauristie
Kirsti
Polar Geophysical
Institute
Arctic Research
Kozelov
Boris
Kyrölä
Erkki
Earth observation
Kaisa
FMI
Lakkala
Arctic Research
Lorentzen
Dag
UNIS
Geophysics
Manuilova
Rada
Valentine
Yankovsky
St.
Petersburg
State University
Marx
Gregory
McCarthy
Dean
Medvedeva
Irina
Mulligan
Frank
Nikolayshvili
Sergey
Oner
Ceren
Partamies
Pérot
Noora
Kristell
Air Force Research
Laboratory
National University of Ireland
Institute of SolarTerrestrial Physics
(ISTP)
National University of Ireland
Maynooth
Fedorov Institute
for Applied Geophysics
FMI
LATMOS
Polyakov
Alexander
Saint-Petersburg
State university
Rao
Jayasimha
Ramachandra
Apatity
ment
Apatity
ment
of
Depart-
Depart-
Maynooth
Southampton, UK
[email protected]
Kühlungsborn,
MecklenburgVorpommern,
Germany
Oslo, Norway
Tartu, Estonia
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
Apatity,
Murmansk
region,
Russia
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
Apatity,
Murmansk
region,
Russia
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
Rovaniemi,
Finland
Longyearbyen,
Svalbard, Norway
198504 St.
Petersburg, Petrodvorets, Russia
United States
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Siberian Branch
Maynooth,
Kildare, Ireland
Russia
Experimental
Physics
Maynooth,
Kildare, Ireland
[email protected]
Department of atmospheric dynamics and optics
Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
Helsinki, Finland
Guyancourt,
France
Saint-Petersburg,
Petrodvorets,
Russia
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
[email protected]
ARK
Atmospheric
ence
Atmospheric
physics
Sci-
Arctic research
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
38 AM Abstract book
109
Reistad
Jone Peter
University
Bergen
of
Rodriguez
Edith
Saari
Heikki
Sangalli
Laureline
Semenov
Anatoly
Sergienko
Tima
Sigernes
Fred
VTT
Technical
Research Centre
of Finland
Royal
Military
College
Institute of Atmospheric Physics of
Russian Academy
of Sciences
Swedish institute
of space physics
UNIS
Simon Wedlund
Cyril
Sofieva
Syrjäsuo
Viktoria
Mikko
Taylor
Michael
Uspensky
Mikhail
Whiter
Witt
Daniel
Georg
Yankovsky
Valentine
Yagodkina
Oksana
Belgian
Institute for Space
Aeronomy
FMI
Utah State University
FMI
Stockholm University
St.
Petersburg
State University
Polar Geophysical
Institute
Bergen, Norway
[email protected]
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
Espoo, Finland
[email protected]
Kingston, Ontario,
Canada
Moscow, RF
[email protected]
STP
Kiruna, Sweden
[email protected]
Geophysics
[email protected]
Physics
Longyearbyen,
Svalbard, Norway
Brussels, Belgium
Earth Observation
Earth observation
Helsinki, Finland
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
[email protected]
Center for Atmospheric and Space
Sciences
Logan, Utah, USA
[email protected]
Helsinki, Finland
[email protected]
Helsinki, Finland
Stockholm, Sweden
St.
Petersburg,
Petrodvorets, Russian Federation
Apatity,
Murmansk
region,
Russia
[email protected]
[email protected]
Department
of
Physics and Technology
Photonic Devices
and Measurement
Solutions
Laboratory of Upper Atmospheric
Physics
Space
Group
Arctic Research
Dept. of Meteorology
Atmospheric
Physics
Department
Apatity
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
17th August 2011
110
38 AM Abstract book
c Carl-Fredrik Enell 2008
Photo Carl-Fredrik Enell (ed.)
c University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory 2011
ISSN: 0359-3657
ISBN: 978-951-42-9494-5 (PDF)

Abstracts - Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory

Transcription

Similar documents

Children on the move in street situations

5thGear Tekes programme 2014–2019

Road Atlas Finland

Sem título-1 - Global Observatory for Physical Activity

Emerging African News

Case Study

possum observatory - The Ohio State University

Aurora Shred Fest Flyer September 2015

SWEDEN FINLAND