(Part III) by Richard Hummel-July - National Muzzle Loading Rifle
Transcription
(Part III) by Richard Hummel-July - National Muzzle Loading Rifle
The Percussion Target Rifle for Single and Double Rest Matches by Richard Hummel (most photographs courtesy of Tom Rowe) Part III: New Hampshire Rifles The book, Vermont’s Gunsmiths and Gunmakers to 1900, (Phillips and Tyler, 2000) describes David Hilliard’s career, as well as those of his son and relatives, in the gunmaking business. According to Phillips and Tyler, Hilliard is estimated to have produced 3000 pieces over his 30 active years. Many survive. (More about Hilliard’s career shortly.) Our specimens range from the lightest to the heaviest. All invite our doubts as to their dedicated purposes. Hunting and target shooting? Perhaps a Civil War sniping assignment in one case? The smallest and lightest Hilliard invites the label buggy rifle. This ill-defined category is postulated to contain light, short percussion rifles that could accompany doctors on their buggy travels, enabling the harvest of edible targets of opportunity: rabbits, squirrels, wood grouse, etc. Also, we read of claims of Sunday, after-church impromptu target matches conducted on picnic grounds, along with horseshoe games, etc. Perhaps there July 2013 were dedicated matches for this weight/size class of diminutive arm, most common in .32 caliber or less. These jewels have always attracted me. The ultimate examples emerged from the workbenches of William Billinghurst. I illustrate here a modern recreation of a Billinghurst-style rifle, in .40 caliber, with Japanese brass scope (Oh, the frustration of shallow pockets!). The archetypical “buggy rifle” is either very short barreled or collapsible (removable butt stock). My Hilliard may qualify as a buggy rifle. The label works for me. Note the cute loading/ cleaning rod occupying the thimbles. The rod is tipped with a brass cleaning jag, screwed over a screw-tipped patch/ball puller. The thimbles grace the right side of the barrel and the rod is inserted from the breech end. The underside of the barrel near the nipple is marked “G.E. Hilliard,” marking this as product of David Hilliard’s son, (18381904) George Eldridge, who with his brother Charles Nelson Hilliard (1836-1874), apprenticed with their father in the gun crafting trade. Cornish and the number 2345 are stamped on the left angled barrel flat just ahead of the breech. The rifle has an 18-inch barrel in .32 caliber that is one inch across the flats and turned for a starter. The overall length of the rifle is 32 inches. The one-inch barrel diameter gives the rifle an overall weight of perhaps seven pounds. The iron sight design is a trademark of Hilliard and is simple, elegant, and robust. Does the overall length of 32 inches qualify it to be designated a buggy rifle? I think so. The second Hilliard example is marked D.H. Hilliard-Cornish N.H. and is more hefty in all dimensions. The barrel measures 1.2 inches across the flats and 26.5 inches long, and it is turned for a bullet starter that miraculously survives. The bore is a little over .32 caliber. The rear receiver is crosshatched for use of the trademark Hilliard rear sight. However, the attachment holes for such a sight are plugged on the top barrel flat and a more typical rear barrel sight is paired with a sturdy post 41 front sight. The sighting arrangement suggests hunting use, but the overall weight of the barrel certainly suggests use as a bench target rifle. The caliber also inclines me in that direction. Its weight is 14 pounds. The third Hilliard target arm represents the epitome of the buggy rifle architecture. This example is a careful replica of a Hilliard design that I had rendered by a New England contemporary gun maker several decades ago, having encountered his work at the Walter Cline Range. Leonard Day was his name, and he was promoting a line of percussion swivel-breech hunting rifles. Visiting his booth, I learned his shop offered an exact copy of this Hilliard design. Never expecting to find an original, I ordered one. Several years later an original did come on offer. When I examined pictures of it, I concluded that my replica was sufficient. This “pocket rifle” or buggy rifle is so light that it could easily travel to the squirrel woods, accompany a woods walk, or participate in target matches for the lightweights of target rifles. Its weight is less than five pounds, and with its 16-inch barrel and 34-inch overall length, I contend that it qualifies for the buggy rifle designation. The rifle is equipped with a detachable iron skeleton butt stock that reduces the rifle length to 24 inches when removed. That feature also qualifies it for the pocket rifle label. The .40 caliber barrel is .95 inches across the flats. What tantalizing questions arise about who, where, and how this class of rifle visited perhaps very impromptu target ranges! The fourth example of Hilliard’s work is very provocative. This heavyweight rifle with false muzzle may be one of Hilliard’s Civil War projects. Let’s consult Phillips and Tyler (Vermont Gunsmiths and Gunmakers to 1900, p. 114) for background. [I]n the 1830’s he went to work for Nicanor Kendall whose N. Kendall & Co. was manufacturing under hammer rifles It’s Shooting Season– Order your official NMLRA targets online at http://nmlra.org/products-page/targets/ Charter Clubs – $ave $$ – call today for your special discount 812-667-5131 42 Muzzle Blasts and pistols utilizing a combination of skilled gunsmiths and convict labor from the adjoining state prison…. In 1842, Kendall gave up the gun business and Hilliard left to cross the Connecticut River and establish his own small arms factory in Cornish, N. H. He took with him two skilled gunsmiths, William B. Smith, his brother-in-law and inventor of the “Smith Patent Stud Lock,” and David Smith. Whether or not any money changed hands between Hilliard and his former employer, it is obvious David Hilliard took over the manufacture of the simple, economical and profitable under hammer gun business and continued to fabricate all manner of these guns as well as rifling barrels for other gun makers all over the region. During those busy years Hilliard’s shop employed as many as 15 workers, many of them highly skilled NMLRA YOUTH SHOOT July 6-7, 2013 Contact: Scott Mings at [email protected] or NMLRA office at www.nmlra .org • 812-667-5131 July 2013 43 gunsmiths who were to swell the ranks of the Government and private armories that supplied the Union Army in the Civil War. At the outbreak of that conflict, the patriotic Mr. Hilliard labored night and day to build enough of his heavy-barreled target rifles to outfit a company of sharpshooters. He personally carted them to the state capitol at Concord where he presented them to the Governor of New Hampshire as his contribution to the Union cause. David Hilliard continued to labor in his gun shop until retiring, producing in 30 years an estimated 3000 rifles and pistols. Building Ky Rifles & Pistols! Blacksmithing & Knifemaking Pioneer Crafts & Re-enacting FR EE BR O C H U R E 30+ DVDs featuring the best Contemporary Artisans today AMERICAN PIONEER VIDEO 2911 Carriage Hill Dr. Bowling Green, KY 42104-4395 1-270-782-7506 www.americanpioneervideo.com [email protected] 44 Muzzle Blasts Are we looking at one of those Civil War sharpshooters’ arms from Hilliard’s shop? This rifle weighs roughly 25 pounds. Its barrel is 30 inches long, 1.7 inches across the flats, and .515 caliber. Its false muzzle lacks the bullet starter. The tang sight has a tall staff but no Vernier-screw adjustment. (Can any reader identify the tang sight pattern?) The gun has a single set July 2013 45 trigger. The top flat at the breech has several threaded holes and two dovetails that once served some critical function. The patent breech, tang, trigger guard, lock screw escutcheon, toe plate, forearm screw escutcheon, and lock plate and hammer are all engraved to varying degrees. Engraving seems unlikely to be lavished on a Civil War sharpshooter’s instrument. Perhaps those engraved components were in inventory when Hilliard commenced his sharpshooters’ rifles project. The front sight incorporates 46 a small spirit level (hard to imagine it was visible from the shooter’s perspective.) A number 1700 is stamped behind Hilliard’s name on the barrel flat. A serial number? I am going to go conservative here, against my wishful thinking, and suggest that this is NOT one of the sharpshooters’ equipment. An alternative history for the rifle has yet to occur to me. The over-stamp of Hilliard’s name is an enigma, also. Muzzle Blasts MB Give us a call for all your flint and muzzleloader building needs. We handle four of the major barrel makers and all three of the major lock makers. We do not import any gun parts! BLACK ENGLISH FLINTS 5/8", 3/4", 7/8" Bags of 50 – $80.00 – $22.00/doz. 1" & 1 1/8" Bags of 50 – $87.50 – $24.00/doz. FRENCH FLINTS are now available in 5/8", 3/4", 7/8", & 1" (same price as Black English) COLERAIN BARRELS A36, B36, C40 - 38" - $148; B36 - 42" & 44" - $155 Visit our website for a complete listing of our products. www.stonewallcreekoutfitters.com Stonewall Creek Outfitters 3598 Paradise Road, Concord, VA 24538 (434) 993-3557 www.stonewallcreekoutfitters.com [email protected] • Dealers Welcome • Watch Muzzle Blasts for future product and pricing information. • We accept VISA & MasterCard The last example of a Hilliard target rifle is a picket gun, turned at the muzzle for bullet starter. The 15-pound rifle has a 33 1/4" barrel of .36 caliber. The barrel measures 1.29" across the flats at the breech and 1.19" at the muzzle. It is retained by double cross keys in the stock. All the hardware on the walnut stock is German silver, with the exception of a silverplated pewter fore end tip. The single set trigger, tang sight that appears to be an adaptation of a rear telescope base, and the globe front sight all define a dedicated target rifle. The barrel is marked D. H. Hilliard-Cornish, NH. and the lock has the name “J. Hapgood.” The capbox contains two spare percussion nipples. MB –To be continued – July 2013 Our heritage . . . freedom . . . love of country . . . personal liberty . . . these are words that stir the hearts of all patriotic Americans. Golden Guardian Help preserve these and other truly American ideals by becoming an NMLRA Golden Guardian. This NMLRA annual membership is designed to preserve our common tradition and to promote the welfare of our unique heritage. Golden Guardians receive a special membership card, a Golden Guardian window decal, and a certificate of merit from the association. Members also receive the satisfaction that they’re serving future generations of muzzleloading enthusiasts by keeping our traditions alive. Sign up online at www.nmlra.org or call the NMLRA office at 812-667-5131 today! 47