AsPeCSS-Public Workshop- WP1-BASt

Balancing active and passive safety;
Accident Scenarios and Test Scenarios
Marcus Wisch, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)
Workshop
Helmond, 7th of November 2012
Content
Partners
Objectives
Methodology Outline
AsPeCSS Accident Scenarios
Real-life examples
Test Scenarios
Publications
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Partners
Research partners
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Car manufacturers
Suppliers
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Objectives
Fully integrated
Accident and test scenarios
+
Relevant speed range
Active safety
Passive safety
Proportion
Single indicator
All body regions and ground impact
Actual impact probabilities
Calibration
Impact speed
Varying impact speed
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Impact kinematics
(vehicle specific)
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Methodology outline
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Active safety testing:
Exposure / velocity curve shift
Base
Test Scenario 1
Test Scenario 2
velocity
Test point 2
AIS 1+
5
Vehicle assessment:
Summing and weighting
X
Y
Vehicle
Test point 1
AIS 2+
3
5
Calculation of injury:
Injury risk
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Theoretical curve
+ kinematic adjustment
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Passive safety testing:
Impactor measurement
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Star rating, pass/fail
Calculation of cost:
Socio-economic cost
Benefit
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Accident Scenarios and Test Scenarios
National accident data:
• France
• Germany
• UK
•…
In-depth accident data:
• GIDAS
• OTS
Familiar projects:
•…
• APROSYS
• vFSS
• AEB
•…
Test Scenarios
Source: canstockphoto.com
Car-to-Pedestrian
Accident data
Accident Scenarios of
AsPeCSS
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Preliminary Test
Scenarios
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German accident data (selected federal states)
• 42% of all German car-to-pedestrian accidents
Common types of accidents in car-to-adults (18-64 y) collisions in selected states of Germany
(2008-2010), which led to accidents with serious injuries (SV, 100%) or death (TV, 100%)
Darkness /
twilight
Road crossing during darkness / twilight
Similar share of crossing accident from near-side and far-side
Fatal accidents in car‘s longitudinal driving direction
High share of accidents before, in and after junctions
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Real-life examples of car-to-pedestrian crashes
German roads: randomly picked GIDAS examples for twilight,
darkness, glaring, reflections, rain and obstructions
Man (41) crosses from far-side – MAIS 2
Woman (51) crosses from near-side – MAIS 2
Man (20) crosses from near-side – MAIS 6
Man (27) crosses from near-side – MAIS 2 Woman (14) crosses from far-side – MAIS 2 Woman (51) crosses from near-side – MAIS 3
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Real-life examples of car-to-pedestrian crashes
German roads: randomly picked GIDAS examples for darkness,
glaring, reflections, rain and obstructions
Man (32) crosses from near-side – MAIS 4
Man (78) crosses from near-side – MAIS 3
Man (18) crosses from near-side – MAIS 2 Woman (34) crosses from near-side – MAIS 2
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Man (89) crosses from far-side – MAIS 2
Man (22) along the road – MAIS 2
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AsPeCSS Accident Scenarios
ID
10
Accident Scenario
1A / 1B
2A / 2B
3A / 3B
4A / 4B
5A / 5B
6A / 6B
Crossing
Crossing
Crossing
Crossing
Crossing
Crossing
7A / 7B
Along straight road, no obstruction, day / dark
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straight road, nearside, no obstruction, day / dark
straight road, offside, no obstruction, day /dark
at junction, nearside, vehicle turning across traffic, day / dark
at junction, nearside, vehicle not turning across traffic, day / dark
straight road, nearside, obstruction, day / dark
straight road, offside, obstruction, day / dark
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National Accident Data – Fatalities in % (day / darkness)
AccCateg
ID
Germany (87%)
23
(8/15)
23
(8/15)
France
Crossing a straight road from
near-side;
No obstruction
2A
2B
Crossing a straight road from
far-side;
No obstruction
20
(7/13)
40
(8/32)
5A
5B
Crossing a straight road from
near-side;
With obstruction
2
(1/1)
6
(3/3)
6A
6B
Crossing a straight road from
far-side;
With obstruction
4
(2/2)
3
(1/2)
Crossing at a junction from the
near- or far-side with vehicle
turning or not across traffic
2
(2/0)
4
(3/1)
0
27
(9/18)
11
(2/9)
14
7A
7B
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UK (78%)
1A
1B
3A,B
4A,B
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Description
Along the carriageway on a
straight road;
No obstruction
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Preliminary Test Scenarios
Base test scenarios:
T1: Child crosses from near-side behind obstruction
T2a: Elderly crosses from far-side
T3a: Adult crosses from far-side
Enhanced test scenarios (under discussion):
T2b: Elderly crosses from far-side in twilight
T3b: Adult crosses from far-side in darkness
T4: Adult crosses from near-side
Tx: Turning manoeuvre
Tx: Pedestrian goes along the road (maybe with bend)
Tx: Complex intersection
False-Positive Tests
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Accident Scenario – Theoretical reflections
“Child runs on road from near-side behind an obstruction”
Boundary conditions (Running: 8km/h, Vehicle width: 2m,
Lateral distance to obstruction: 1m, constant speeds)
∆x
TTC =
v
Simulation of residual speeds for scenario “Running child”: Lines of same residual speed as
function of TTC (of first visibility) and driving speed ν.
Left: current system, Right: maximum performance of possible future system
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Vehicle speeds for Base Test Scenarios
Analysis of GIDAS data (not weighted, 2000 – 2011)
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Vehicle speeds for Base Test Scenarios
Analysis of GIDAS data (not weighted, 2000 – 2011)
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Pedestrian speeds
Analysis of international studies
Walking, running, jogging influenced by factors such as:
Own characteristics
Gender, age
Location
What they are doing; Who they are with
Current pedestrian speeds for use in AsPeCSS (final decision
outstanding):
Speed Adults and children (m/s)
Walking
1.4 (≈ 5 km/h)
Running
2.8 (≈ 10 km/h)
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Elderly (m/s)
1.2 (≈ 4 km/h)
2.0 (≈ 7 km/h)
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Publications
• Deliverable 1.1 (not published yet)
• IRCOBI 2012, Lubbe et al., Towards an Integrated
Pedestrian Safety Assessment Method
• Crash.Tech 2012, Wisch et. al, Reasons why passive
pedestrian protection remains an issue for the
future
• Future conferences and workshops…
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Thank you for attention.
Contact:
Marcus Wisch, WP1 leader
[email protected]
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