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ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT
Edited by
GRIFFITH
Ll.
F.
MEMOIR
FAGUTKEK'rn
THE ROCK TOMBS
OF
EL AMAENA
PABT VI.-TOMBS OF PAEENNEFER, TUTU, AND AY
BY
PE
N.
DAVIE
G.
FORTY-FOUR PLATES
LONDON
SOLD AT
The offices
OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND,
37,
Great
Russell
Street,
W.C.
AND Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston. Mass., U.S.A.
AND BY
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER &
B.
ASHER &
AND
CO., 13,
QUARITCH,
11,
CO.,
Dryden House,
Grafton Street,
New Bond
Bedford Street, Covent Garden, W.C, and
HENRY FROWPE, Amen
Corner, E.G., and 91 and
1908
Gerrard Street, Souo, W.
Street, W.
56,
93,
-13,
Unter den Linden, Berlin
Fifth Avenue,
New York
v%
LONDON
AND SONS, LIMITED,
AND GRKAT WINDMII.I, STREET.
PRINTKll HY WILLIAM OLUWKS
rCKE
m\n UBRARY
OF FINE ARTS
K UNIVERSITY
STltliLT,
STAMFOKD STREET,
S.E.,
EGYPT EXPLOlLVTiOiN FUND
iprcstCicnt
F. G.
HILTON PIUOE,
Escj, Diit.S.A.
Uicc=lI^l•cC'(^cnti3
The
Ex. Hon.
Thk Eaul ok Cuomek,
G.C.J3.,
G.C.M.G., K. C.S.I. (I^gypt)
The Hon. Chas.
Sir E. Maunde-Thomi'won, K.G.B., D.G.L.
L.
Hutchinson
(U.R..\.
Peot. Au. Eh.man, Ph.D. (Gemiany)
LL.D.
The Eev. Pkof. A. II. Sayce, M.A., LL.D.
Prof. W. W. Goodwin (U.S.A.)
Pkof. G. Maspeuo, D.C.L. (Erauco)
JosiAH Mullens, Esq. (Australia)
Ibon. Cicasurcre
Edwmjd
H. A. Geueber, Esq., F.S.A.
fjoii.
J. S.
Esq., F.S.A.
Esq. (U.S.A.)
\V. E.
Arthur John
P.E.S.
Committee
Mrs. McClure.
Eorert Mono, Esq., F.E.S.E.
The Marquess of Northampton.
Francis
D.Litt.,
Sir
Wm.
Percival, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
Herbert Thompson, Bakt.
Mrs. Tirard.
Ward, I'isq., F.S.A.
Herhert Wauren, ]']s(]., i\I.A.
Towuv WiivTE, J'^sq., M.A., F.S.A.
Prof. Ernest A. Gardner, M.A.
.Tohn
F. Ll. Griffith, Esq., M.A., F.S.A.
T.
Kenyon, Esq., M.A., D.Litt.
Prof. Alexander Macalister, M.D.
E.
F. G.
(L'.S.A.)
The Eev. W. MacGregou, M.A.
Cbum, Esq., M.A.
Evans, Esq., M.A.,
1';s(i,
Cotton, Esq., M.A.
C. F. MoBERLY Bell, Esq.
The Hon. J. E. Carter (U.S.A.)
SoMERS Clarke,
Warhex,
Sccrctarg
/Iftcmbcrs of
Newton Crane,
ii.
LIST OF PLATES
WITH RKFERENCES TO THE PAGES ON WHICH THEY ARE DESCRIBED.
PLATE
LIST OF PLATES.
PLATE
XXXIV.
*xxxv.
*XXXVI.
*XXXVII.
*XXXVII].
*XXXIX.
*XL.
*XLI.
*XLII.
*XLIII.
*XLfV.
Toml) of Ay.
Tomb
Tombs
Tomb
of Tutu.
of
Addenda
The
Hall.
N. thickness
Tutu and Ay. Hall
of Ay.
Central
aisle.
Ay and
Tyi.
;
S. wall.
The
hall
The
1
.
E. thickness
East thickness {cont/'mwd)
East thickness (upper part)
Hymn
North
to the
wall.
„
,,
Aten
The Royal family
The crowd
.
Outside the palace
THE
EOGK TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA,
PART
VI.
CHAPTER
I.
ToMiJ No. 7'
is
the uortlicnirndst of the
loinl),;
of
the
South Group,
extreme end of the
beiiii^-
excavtited
at
tlic
'
line of foot-hills (IV. xiii.).
Lying high up on a steep
slope, its
Queen, accompanied
liy their liouseliolil.
arc three princesses, and, thouu'li
are hroken,
entrance
"^
(^ %v "^^ I
THE TOMB OF PARENNEFER
it
is
tlie
There
inscriptions
easy to perceive as well the
tigurc of Benretmut, the (^leen's sister, otliciatj
was probably always traceable,
A
open.
not actually
if
road which leads from
it
;
to the city
ing as fan-bearer and ranking after
Nothing appears
children."
mark down the site.
The name of the owner is injured wherever it
occurs, and the reading adopted here is due to a
similar scenes.
shrewd guess of the
set
across the plain helps to
late
the picture which
Exterior.
—
is
a very unpretentious
Init is
in po.ssessing a fully-decorated facade
on which the sun casts
siufular
is
in a
horizontal
(Pi.
ii.).
its
rays.
lintel the royal
left of
centuries.
On
line
the jajirbs
below the sun-disc.
to right
reliefs,
erased
The
and
left
of the
The
doorwav
!
of
is
given in Mov. da culte d'Atonou,
I., p.
125.
set out before
then as
cliapel
^
"
;
to indicate
if
to the god.
little
lie kneels in
chapels or maga;;ines
him are
also in accord.
It appears
Pareimefer was making his
worshipped at
j
The north-easternmost tomb behind Hadgi-Qandecl "
Hay No. 3 of Lepsius. A sketch-plan of the tomb
posi-
King which is given him seems
that his homage is directed to the
o-ift
iu
one of the side chapels, while the royal family
by the whirling sands of
two pictures exhibit, with
King and
The
which the pictures of the temple sIkjw in such
numbers, and the due paraphernalia of oflering
the upper parts of which
scene of the worship of Aten by the
his private offering.
front of one of the
differences merely of grouping, the conventional
•
Here the royal chariots
the body-guard make halt at
monarch rather than
an altar
j
have been
so often
tion facing the
only the group of five cartouches written
there
occupied by
is
(north) side.
rest of
making
seen
is
j
The door-framing shows on the
family worshipping to right and
is
picture which
a respectful distance, and here, too, Pareunefer
The tomb
one of the cross-corridor type,
smoothed wall
left
and the
Architectural Fkatures.
of
below the main scene has been executed only
on the
A.
royal
details
not already familiar from
is
The supplementary
M. Bouriant.
the
in
the
I
i
meant
great
ment
I'ossibly this
altar.
to be that
which was connected with
j
is
the
his
(me in the temple
own tomb-endow-
(wakf), and where the
offerings for
the
Tlie second figure in the upper regi.ster on the right
hand
;
cH'aced In the left-hand scene.
xvii., xxvi., xxviii.
;
II., v., vii., viii.
;
Cf. Pis.
V.,
iii.,
v.
iv.,
xvi.,
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
dead were
King, or
spread nut l)efnre the god or the
first
Intkrior.
—Except
not been cut to the
sniilhi'rii
swf
h;iir
onlv
is
and the
for the entrance
northern
in the
full
in
in a
is
Its floor has
state.
depth, the walls of the
and the south
irregular,
slill
outlini'il
the torali
half,
very rough and unfinished
dooi'
some freedom.
outside, the artist was able to use
liotli.
two walls
scene of worship had already lieen dealt with
The door at the
iii]<.
Accordingly the figures face
and are
inwards
given the most unconstrained attitudes, as
deceased
to his
man had
if
wished to depict a royal
the
visit
tomb, whether remembered with pride as an
event of the past or thus delicately suggested for
Or
the future.
else
may
it
depict simply those
north cud of the corridor has ])een pierced, l)Ut
many
occasions on which the King, sauntering
instead of admitting to a shrine and statue,
forth
with
it
opens into two low successive chambers, small
Parennefer
and roughly hewn, where the sepulture must
after the
have
been
The
made.
scribed in
fragments of
ink, as
prayers on the
right
in-
ily hefrp scfen
jaml) .shew,^ l>ut later
was almost destroyed
excavations
doorway was
east
an
in
further
in
effort
may
for the latter
the
wall,
first
decoration on this side of the
ink, since
left in
it
;
step in forming
tomb
is
On
are
this
if
been done,
square
is
door, as
marked out on the
floor
(PI.
A
vii.).-
near the north
a pit were projected.
if
The
ceiling
is
squared up in readiness for a design.
Previous copy
(Plates
Mini. du. culte d'Aionou,
:
armpit and head, as
hands
rough
lest
he
desert."
and throws
family, as
He
grasps a
is
in
stafl" in
their
in
his left
the
hand
arm round the Queen in
way possible. The picture
most caressing
unhappily
him up
to hold
if
not intact, but
it
plain that the
is
King's arm passed round the neck of the Queen
and that the fingers of
interlaced.''
The Queen
their right
wears
a
hands were
coiffure
as
depicting
the
benevolent
a
Pis.
Four shade-bearers
in front,
aro
sun as an inconvenient and as
power
at
and
one
the
same
Ixii., Ixiii.
time.
is
Behind the Queen follow the three princesses
occupied by a picture of the royal
is
usual in these tombs.
But
and
their nurses.
Merytaten displays as
affec-
as the
(4tli cohimn) "A dij lietcp stetcn of the
and the great Queen "(" spirit of the King,"
;
for she
and her
Commencing
living Aten,
in the third
-
ewer and
stumble against a stone
tionate a nature as her parents
1
carries
and probably no one saw the incongruity of
(photograph).
This space
who
his right
iii., vii., viii.).
I.,
needful
towel.
on her brow.
North Wall-Thickness
the
simple as that of her ladies save for the uraeus
Scenes and In.scriptions.
B.
— exactly
to be seen in the official
is
the
the west wall south of the entrance there
graffiti
scribe
the rays of the sun, which clasp him under the
extended chamber.
remains of hieratic
of the
outfit
naturally
the pictures would have been transferred to the
rear wall of the
the
The main scene shows the King walking under
the ever-present hope of enlarging the chamber
Had
These attendants are
seen in the foot-scene carrying water, stools and
The
could only be carried out
was definitely abandoned.
of the East, formed a favoured
Parennefer has not attached his name, but
"
probably the " cleanser of His Majesty's hands
chamber.
enlai'ged
who,
officials
This
probably contemporary
be the
the
of
pillars
is
gratified
accessories of a visit of inspection to the tombs.
extension, as also a square recess in the north
end of the east
the scribes and
on such occasions.
train
the
to carry the
direction.
this
it
among
wont
included
family,
his
i\ri-.
column).
<lriHith
can only
teni]ile of Tliuth in
decipliei-
a reference
Khmeniiu (Kshmunen)."
to
'-the
'
For the caressing hands
•
See the enlargement PI.
ger.ated the size of the
clear.
see Pis.
hands
The King's hand
is
vii.
iv., xvi., xvii.,
Tlie
in order to
uppermost.
artist
make
xxix.
has exag-
the attitude
THE TOMB OF PARENNEPER.
youngest
walk with their arms round cue
si.stcr
another's necks and beguile the
South Wall-Thickness
Here a
Parennefer
full-size figure of
His
of prayer.
head
l)ald
cap and his neck
festcd
caresses.
viii.).
iii.,
seen in
is
crowned with
is
ac^t
th(!
loaded with live doul)h'
is
The text of
of gold Ijeads.
collars
way with
(Plates
his pra}'er
has been injured both in ancient and in recent
and
times,
text,
was
name, which occurs twice
his
expunged
possiljly
the
in
North Side
:
{Plates
v.,
iv.,'-
40; 29847,
culle d'Alonou,
Plate
(of
G4
fol.
iv.)
LEPsiuy,
;
Hay, MSS.
:
!».,
III.,
wall, with its
The
lirst
fol.
30,
PI. Ixv.
I.,
wealth
of
(Plate iv.).— This
detail,
beauty
its
name shows
began with Par
it
that
;
it
name
is
known
well
and as an
n
in the 18th Dynasty, its adoption,
suggested by Bouriaiit (Moii. du culte d'Atonou,
is
The
fairly safe.
p. 124),
vii.),
on the right Jamb ends with the
preceding the name, the wall not having been smoothed
column preserved
below
this.
main on the
closes
Faint traces of the ends of the four columns
left
the
(PL
in
name
(?)
is
ending in
For meritiou
v.
from
a
to
of the wife cf. PI
half of PI.
half-scale
or ))erhaps jxir.
/•
which seems
of the wife,
The right-hand
balcony)
re-
The three lirst end at the same level
a title or name cii pet (?). The fourth
jamb.
with a name
may be
This
the basis of the
toml), but
essentials
from
rest.
and
earlier copies,
is
the subject of the reward of the
otticial
tlie
the prominent feature in every
same general presentation of
change of
mueli
form,
it,
occupies
May (?), and Parentherefore, may be dismissed
The
picture,
a few words.
in
King and Queen
The balcony from which the
lean out to see their favourite
as usual, the chief feature
is,
in the picture,
not only in size but also in the
amount of coloured detail bestowed upon it.
The decoration shown on the palace front ditl'ers
somewhat from that given elsewhere but if this
makes it unlikely that it is an e.xart rejiroduction
;
of one of the palace windows,
mirrors
faithfully
which was
the
kind
less
ornamentation
of
above the dado
ajiplied to the walls
The design on the
of i^ainted waiuscotting."
panelled front of the balcony
where
none the
it
met with
is
else-
in a less perfect condition (Plate xix.
and
xxxi.
For a coloured copy see Frontispiece,
V.).'
Pictures similarly rich in information
(the scene out.side the
iv.
it,
1890.
group (those of Ay, Tutu,
Vol
drawing, but, owing to the
I altered
in
the front wall of each of the chief tombs of this
xxiv.).
however, in numberless
have also ventured here and there to bring it into
nearer harm<jny with the stylo in vogue ;*t El Amarua, as
I
in oxtant parts or elsewhere.
pictui'c in the
Not Old/
II.
points of detail from the wall itself or from the copy of
shown
all
tonilis
are presented here in full for the lirst time.
have ended
extensive injuries to the wall, I took L., D., III., 109, as
Hay.
restored in
the
(in ink)
with the fragmeni of
-
I.,
which might have
than no help. The only
east door (PI.
solved the question, gives less
title
The
ended
and nfr can be traced below at intervals it seein.s certain
that the rest of the name was written in ill-cut hieroglyphs
where the contour of the iigure left room for them. As
the
upon
outlines oF the picture, fortunately, can be
publicly decorated
occurrence of the
in ncfer, the second that
of
in
general aw.sault
nefer).
At the Palace Windoav
'
-29814,
108, 109; 3[uu. du
wretched surroundings,
its
in
the
though with
Previous copies
would be
colour,
spite of its own inconiph'teness and the stains
and erasures that time has effected, had it not
been mutilated in the most heart-rending way in
deserving
vii., ix., X.).
scheme of
its
strong contrast to
For a
deliberately.^
translation of the prayer see p. 25.
West Wall
execution, and
I could not use the
French publication, since
it
is
evidently a
>
Remains
of such decoration, probably with the closest
degree of resemblance,
may
be seen on
still
walls cf the i>alaoe of the King's
fatlici',
the ruined
Auienhetep
III.,
at Thebes.
*
who
arc
This copy was made for
spcr.t
much
much
care on
soiled
and
it.
me
liy
In
impaircil,
Mr. E. Harold Jones,
the original
.so
dial,
necessaiy for their recovciy, nor can I
(he colours
close
feel
study
sure that
is
wc
copy of Lepsius, with the addition of the left-hand Ijutloui
corner, which he did not include, and a few other altera-
have o1)tainod the original value
tions.
In Plate iv., as elsewhere, the limits of the parts
which are now destroyed arc marked by a faint outline
and cornices
and an
i\".
The cushion is red
with small blue diamonds, alternating with l.irger white
asterisk in the margin.
squeezes of the scene (No. 503).
Berlin iMuseuua possesses
will
of
some of the greens.
It
be seen that there ate painted designs on the borders
of the loggia
which were too minute or un-
certain to be reproduced in Plate
diamonds with dark red outline and central
spot.
THE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AMABNA.
as to
ami colnur of
tlie ile.sign
familiar
Dynasty
exist
two or three
Thehan tombs, but few
the
in
mayoral dress and three fan-
in
Tlie
which clasp the liody of the King and
courtiers stand in obeisance at a greater distance,
especially interesting.
Some
points
further
Queen, as
if
may
prevent
to
note<l.
Ije
and
their
losing
tliem
further in the background, where a cup-
still
balance as tlicy lean over the window-sill, show
bearer
a pretty fancy of the artist which
jars, are
tombs of
large
the
The
more unusual.
confined
is
The
group.
this
decanting wine or water from the great
Nubia and
or visitors from
hostages
Beneath the window Parennefer (not named),
is
who has reached
King
of the
profile
is
Syria.
gift
hy the rays
of the uraeus as well as the ankh
still
including
bearers.
on the liody of the Libyan captive arc
in black
to
city,
With some probability we might see in
the first three Nekht-pa-aten, Ay, and Ahmes.
The mayor stretches out his hand as if to
Some
touch the hand of the King in greeting.
and the designs tatooed
are available for study,
rays
group of the royal
and the notables of the
chariots
Egyptians of the Eighteenth
the
to
set in a high wall, arc seen a
textile fabrics
llio
the supreme
career (and, to judge
corresponds very closely to other portraits in the
by
moment
his features,
not early
dances with excitement as he
necropolis, but the forms of his neck
and hips
in life),
reach the extreme of misproportion.
He
more and more heavily with the King's
an elaborate
wears
Already the
on which and from whicli the
collar,
cartouches of Aten
hang
cartouches also adorn his upper- and fore-arms
rubs
;
Queen.
The royal
is
shown
plainly
as
pair are
in
accompanied
three princesses and their nurses
Benretmut, who
consistently
is
stature to be their senior.'
cesses interrupts
a
and
shown
of
the
array
I)y
the
also
by
liy
her
The group of
pictui'c
is
of
of
articles
and
scribes
servants
prin-
dress
is
can register them, and
is
employed
baskets what
may
Two
gold?)
liags (of
indeed
faster
out of a chest,
interior of
A
greater
still
brought
being
than the busy
a
long
richly
fill
and
Pareunefer's store-
keep
guardians
trusty
of
file
in carrying off in jars
the palace whicli will be dealt with separately
chambers.
(p. 36).
postern through which the porters defile
In the CouiiTYARD (Right half of Plate
being
Other
body with precious ointment.
his
are displayed under the porch.
case of the
tlie
favours.
necklace of gold beads
presents, collars, necklaces,
they are not tatooed but mounted on threads or
ribljons,
loaded
is
secured round his neck, while a second .servant
The twin
pairs.
in
fifth
of his
;
the
one
is
armed with a staff and a supple whip, while the
iv.).
Inside the central entrance of the palace court-
other seems able to wield a pen as readily as a
yard, which here
stick.
is
represented as a double gate
Outside the Palace Gates (Plate
From tracings of the
me by Dr. Schaefer it is
'
name
in
Berlin squeeze kindly furnished
this part of the design
was never sculptured,
has nearly disappeared.
Four out of the
her name in Plati^ xxxi.
spieailiiig shoots at
in neither
is
(he
it <|uite
to])
same shape as that
In
plain whether the sides are shapi'd
Text, TI., p. 14"2 (on this
but Hay's copy gives
an intermediate form such as
it
d
is
a root or a pod.
it
has also in Pktrik, Tell
probably the form
in III.
vi.
reproduced.
in L.
is
The head
D., III., 109,
sign in L., D.
for the former
Aiiianvi, VI. xii.
in use in the necrojxilis.
injured and
of
may
registers, apparently, were
filled
five
with the train
This latter
of servants l)caring
which only a few
The hnr sign
jars,
the King's bounty, of
ewers, and basins
Benretmut seems well rendered
is somewhat restored.
escort Parennefer
makes a triumphant progress
We
his chariot.
the
-
arc
In the midst of this profitable
disthiguishable.
;
homeward in
moment when
away
women
see
him
of his house
not have been perfectly
but apparently
it
both cases the
of the root .secui certain, but
The shape of the
same wall) speaks
like
—As
plain that the first sign of the
oi this princess is of nuich the
sliewn
v.).^
Reduced from a
tracing.
at the
come out
THE TOMB OF PAUENNEFER.
meet him with music aud
to
wife, rusbiug forward,
the
is
and
daucinti-,
first to
his
welcome him
under a baldachin on
ajiproach
xxxviii.).
II.
(cf.
Of her outburst of praise to
the generous King we can only decipher " [the
quite
mistress] of the house, the favourite of the chief
scription put in the
wife
singers
of
....
King,
the
says
re,
.
.
.
.
Nefcrtiti (?)
ever
for
'
(?)
Grant to him
[living]
The purpose
arms.
witli ujilifted
ever.
—
vii.).
It is
evident from the last plate and from a study of
similar pictures that the scene
It
plete.
not yet com-
is
must have extended over
strip of the north wall adjacent to
the narrow
it
and have
is
home
official.
small
of the
often the case, a picture of the
outer
wall.
wall
of
the tale of
a
building
screening
with
wall
or
containing
(?),
Beyond
ott'erings.
with
an altar
the
is
of which
contents
arc
was
no
ink
the
of
the chisel, and
design
can be
dc-
ciphered only with some difficulty, and here and
there with
A
uncertainty.
large
part
of the
wall to the left of the picture in the plate shows
no trace of design and perhaps never received
any, while the excavations round
the doorway
have removed the end of the picture on the
right hand, where the
Queen and the princesses
were probably shown sitting Ijehind the King.
This
is
the only case in this group (apart from
tomb
the peculiar
the back wall
some guide
is
to
of jMahu) in which a scene from
preserved, and
is
therci'orc
the imagination in completing
other tombs, such
The
it
as
picture depicts the
those
King
of
Ay and
Reduced from a
life
Aten
the
in
the great array
that
to
express
the
palace,
and
moment
sec
the King
to
Parennefer to discharge his
in a
of
the royal hands
and
The baldachin under which the King
sits
supported on wooden columns having a capital
formed
Ijy
with the
the union of the lotus and
The
lilv.
Kino;
draught by the cup-bearer
whom we may
nefer himself,
is
;
perhaps
its
buds
being served with a
and another
identify
kneels at his
feet,
as
official,
Paren-
attending to
them.
All that remains to us of the scene before the
King
is
a mass of dishes,
jars,
and
meat, and several groups of musicians.
among
the latter
performers.
is
a (double
?)
enumerated, but we can
of
Foremost
troupe of female
distinguish
standing harp and the trigon, which
on the shoulder
-
tables
Their instruments can no longer be
;
D
Heading
Reading
both the
is
perhaps also the lyre
Tutu.
sitting on a stool
tracins;.
lie
only designed
we merely
when it fell
•'
*
may
it
duty and pour water on
vi.).'— This
the
shown
the tribute
abundance that reigned within the
is
scene was never executed witli
whom
Ua-eii-ra
be giving audience to an embassy
of dishes
feet.
East Wall: Nouth Side (Plate
U
dressed in his jl/(;/'-crown
is
presenting
is
longer clear.
what remains
may
Or
ease
and
arrangement
make
!
picture.
that
thee
to
to
giving
,
The King, who
the
-^
to thee
(1)
hearts
which
loaded
garden,
Jie hath transferred
is
and
gate
lis (?)
for thy heart
loves
[of gcd-
multiplying for thee
every land and given
Immediately within
enclosure
to
(i)
S''J-festi\ uls.
premises with a gate
the
admitting to the garden.
is
apparently,
left,
(!)
who hast afforded (?)
Thou sparkiest Ateu. Thou seest his
rays
beautiful
of state,
the
and myriads
milliuus of years
(2),
with the brightness of the living
this ink design only a
On
in-
of the courtiers or
the bright child of the Aten,
a sight of tliyself
fragment can now be recovered at the
bottom of the
the
Of
and the
picture,
mouths
not
is
seems to have been one of adulation
"(J Pharaoh
to
included, as
from the
ol)vious
festivals],
The Housk of Pakennefer (PL
of this puljlic appearance
merely.
and
ever
for
with a sloping
a raised dais
O
'
,®iP1K^
carried
and the
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
The foreign
lute.
(?)
musicians
the great standing h're
(cf.
again
peculiar
present
The group
in
their
who phiy upon
III.,
v.,
vii.)
conical
are
it
record
of his
that
makes
tlie
before the gate seems also to be one
what
incommensurate with
economizing on the
Parennkfek.
Considering the very modest
titles of
Paren-
iii.)
washes the hands of His Majesty
vii.)
it
men than
l)y
Craftsman of the King (Plate
have
his
is
probably some-
his
size of his
In-
toml).
position.
By
tomb he managed
decorated with sculptures designed for
larger walls and illustrating the careers of bigfrer
nefer
iii.,
display he
we have no other
than
existence
deed,
to
(Plates
surprising
caps.
of performers.
He who
not
is
himself
;
but he did not court
obtruding his name.
name
in the entrance is
appear that with
all
If
the erasure of the
not accidental,
his
rebuii'
it
would
prudence he failed to
escape the reward of the overweening.
CHAPTEE
IT.
THE TOMB OF TUTU
Exterior (Platc«
xi.,
by
8)^ gives notice
(No.
xv.).
.xiii.,
its
—
Ra-Aten
lomb
Tlii.s
Interior (Plates
its interior also.
xxxvi.).'
tliat
of a free-standing mastaba
foi-
;
the ex-
cavators chose for their pur^iose an isolated
of rock and hollowed
extent of
The rocky
dimensions.
its
Ijelow the outside level,
tomb (Part
elevation
of
of
an
aisle
and a long
but as this alley was not pro-
longed to the dip of the
hills,
it
remained a
sunken area into which one descends by a short
slope.
Therefore only the portal gives the
heio'ht of the
tomb
;
full
the rest of the facade
and irregular
is
of the usual type
on the
jambs
for
carried out
is
;
but
;
The
in detail
efl'aced.^
lintel differs
from other examples and
is
now
only
nurses, fan-bearers,
and
scribes,
advanced
largely
Three princesses with sistrums, their
it
is
Queen's sister found a place
also.
eastern corner of the hall
of excavation
is
its
here plainly
which the single
statues, in
tomi)
Tomb
generally
IG (V.,
state
and
terminates,
are in a
vii.),
by
force.
of preparation
in
tlie
three
still
more
tomb,
this
side.''
that tomb, the portal of the middle shrine
simple, while tJjose on either side of
it
have
Above the
row of hieroglyphs ran both ways from
principal
tlie
in
;
Plans and sections drawn with
the
care and completeness are given by
most admirable
Hay, MSS., 29847,
L'Hote
gives
sketch-plans
{Papiers,
298); Lepsius (D. Text,
II., p.
145), a pian
and section;
fol.
"The
rather, this
that the
tomb behind Hadgi Qandeel " of Hay
No. 2 of Lepsius and L'PIute.
Shewn in Mon. dti cnlte d'Afnnou, I., PI. lii. Soo nlso
IVIariette, Voyaije d<ins la Haute Egypte, 1., PI. .wiii.
'
Or,
As
3
scene a
numlifer,
three having- been beajun on the south
accompany the
possible
in
all
is
King and Queen, and
is
of the archi-
twelve
are
leaves
which
tomlj,
which we saw planned for each of
(For translations and references see
The device on the
the
inter-
terminating at both ends in
shrines for
aisles in
31).
p.
columns
and then broken away by
cross-corridor
damaged.
of
The mode
been cut, and only the lower half of the sixth
Both are now sadly
aisles
the mass being divided into blocks
deej) trenches
left.
axis
six
columns,
but on the right side only five of these have
and seventh on the
three
an unhewn and irregular mass to half
room was
seven vertical
having
would have been so had they been completeh
visible
left
cor-
large
The broader
central
pilasters of the familiar type.
in line.
;
into
tlie
The columns
licight.
This doorway
of
hall
marked by the disposition
row of
each
is still
lower, rough in surface,
hall
type
the great
columns.
the
in
traves.
;
8),
p.
longitudinally
columniatiou
further
it
IV.,
xxxv.,
xiv.,
xiii.,
main features the
its
by two rows
approach of the same width as the portal was
cut to meet
xii.,
responds closely to the general
been divided
full
not being sufficiently high, the floor of the tomb
was carried
— In
xi.,
tal)le
out almost to the
it
form of the cartouches), the
King, and the Queen.
combines the appearance of a rock-cut speos
with
(later
"
to " the Father,
life
exterior aspect of
the boldness which characterises
It
%).
--^
the centre, wishing long
Arohitectural Features.
A.
%
(<=>
44, 49, 50
;
Mon. du ailte d'Atoiiou, a plan (p.
For fonveniciue and an.-ilogy
'
f.aces
west instead of
nnrt-li-west.
iii.
107).
I
as nine that the touib
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
an eutablatiirc of the foim
Tombs
14 ami
1
(>
familiar
to
The designs which should have
(ef.
panels have only been applied in paint.
of the
consist
by the deceased.'
tond)
the
third
of the god
cartouches
and of the King and
later form)
The most
seen
is
cross-aisle;
the
(in
'^'ueon,
adored
original feature of
this part of
inr
the
They
arrangement of fhe
the
in
III.,
filled
the
hall
The second chamber, in\ariably planned Imt
in
horf, liowovor, the pancllino-
;
has been fully worked out in sculpture
xix.).
iis
is
rarely carried out in these tombs,
plight here, being a
from
covered
the
emphasise
save the two middle columns of
all
one another and to the
separate
the
thus
enclosed,
floor
of the
hall
of
all
raised
is
it
To
character of the space
walls."
above
slightly
the
low ramps, roughly hewn,
:
outline the passage-way into the inner chamber,
where the wall
and,
omitted between
is
central columns, gate-jambs are set to
The outer
entrance.^
was adorned with
mark
sculptured
columns
engaged
is
their
in
still
half
the rock, two others are imjaerfectly
in
shaped, and the remaining three (including the
fellow of the decorated column) have been left
with
panels, of
plain shaft.
a
Fragments of two of the
destroyed columns, however,
and prove that
their
and the lowest,
still lie in
the
on the
Traces of eight stems
complete.
tomb
ornamentation was more or
empty base on the north
side of the aisle
show
that one of these decorated columns stood there,
The
surface of the ceiling
much
pattern
eaten
or
away
to
and of the
any
retain
xii.
:
of
transla-
Those on the ceiling of
32).
p.
cutran(ie,
traces
and the three columns of
which e.xtend along the ceiling of
the aisle are almost illegible (PI.
on
soffits is
and the other was doubtless
south
colour,
hieroglyphs
howevei',
are
translation on p.
:
tomb
the
Tutu.^
xiv.
liare
columns are entirely removed, two are
less
ticm
the
The only standing example
the type is unfinished, and so encrusted that
colour and much of the form is lost.
Four
which the upper two show the King, Queen, and
too
in
and
unprepossessing
JMerytaten worshipping
Aten,
height.
the
face of each of these jandxs
three
its
columns has also
and new, they themselves are
surprisingly rich
present condition.
to
its
Columns and ArtcniTRAVES (Plate .xiv.).'^
Though the ornamentation which can be re-
which
liid^s
no better
gallery excavated to
niei'e
The work of blocking out
been begun at the rear.
extremely
row
in
length Imt only to about half
its full
screened otf fi'om the rest by a low corniced wall,
the
is
well
preserved
tlie
its
fellow on the
side."
The
detailed decoration of the column, with
bands of design adopted from the jeweller's art
and without any
form,
is
relation at all to its
papyrus
in keeping with that love of richness of
(Plate
:j2).
The column on the left (north) of the gateway in the
The moulding of the shaft into eight stems
back row.
^
'
Though
wall (PI.
The
door.
inserted in the entablatures of
xii.),
tlie
soutliern
they are decipherable only on the northern
which these shrines have been loft can
from the plates.
That in the
been cut back to the full height only in
state in
be gathered
sufliciently
furthest aisle
ha.s
the entrance.
-
The inner
but this
''
is
The
Plate
side of the wall
restoration
xiv.
is
though
receive
*
of
the
hypothetical.
])rojecting capstone
gate,
is
there
is
A
possible
are
no
;
lintel
is
unlikely, but a
for the rebate suggests a
pivot-Iioles
his pr.ayer see pp. 31, 32.
in
the
floor
to
its
fellow
the standing column they are only indicated
;
for in
above the
tablet.
*
A
column has been restored
in Plate xii. (Section
on
EF) from the fragments. These show that one of the two
destroj'od columns was of exactly the same type as that
now standing, though the decoration had not been fully
carried out.
upper part of the jamb in
it.
For
without fdlet or cornifo,
possibly due to incompleteness.
has been added from the fragments of
On
the capital only the band of uraei seems
have been cut, but the shaft was fully moulded and
adorned .-is hi Plate xiv. Each of the stems has three
libs.
The other column (the capital and the lower part of
the shaft extant) seems to have been without surface
to
decoration
the foot.
;
its
eight stems
are
marked with sheaths at
THE TOMB OF TUTU.
form and colour which marks the period.
No
counterpart or precedent exists in Egypt.^
The
model seems
have been taken directly from
t(j
Merytateii worshipping.'
In section the column
resembles closely those already met with
The transverse architraves
vii.).''
(cf.
V.,
are inscribed
the columns of the palace in the city, which the
as usual on the inner face wliich meets the eye.
new
Tliese inscriptions
love
for
ornamentation.
had covered with
inlay
faience
show us
Pictures of the palace
bedroom and other of the private
that the royal
begin
the entrance, and,
at
continuing above the east doorway, end in the
centre
common
sign
a
in
(A B E,
both
to
apartments of the King were furnished with
A B D).
The architrave above the three removed
columns, from
columns
is
sculptured
(ostensibly
only
reality
the
round,
the
in
greater
in
sistently with
of
neck of wliich birds Imng
the
or
le.ss
the
c(dumns decorated with designs akin
ruins
The formulary
the abacus of our column (PI. xiv.)
between two rows of
names on the south
spelling the King's
on the west that of the Aten
is
a
petals,
on the part of the
is
adjacent
to
common
is
(ABC).
it
to
all
three
(PI.
— This
xiii.).
tomb,
like
the others, shows signs of a make-
all
No thought was
shift place of burial.
appearances
was sunk between
for a stairway
;
given to
and
the last columns at the north end of the hall in
The
such a
side,
(later form).
AB
Burial Vault
nearly
line of hieroglyphs
architrave
(translation on p. 32).
to those
emj^loyed here.^
On
also inscribed on the west side, but
the beginning of the text
transverse
fragments of
yielded
actually
in
Con-
relief)."
these representations,
palace
but
way
Yet consider-
as to cut into all four.
stems of the capital have at the top a row of the
able labour was expended in the etibrt to provide
group of signs spelling the word nhh, " eternity,"
an
and below this a row formed by a flower and its
bud alternating with another seen full-face (con-
steps, passing
volvuli
The sheathing
?).
leaves of the papyrus-
The eight
heads are seen at the foot of each.
sections representing the inserted stems are here
devoted to ornamentation
and very
inviolable
flight
of twenty
under the rock Hoor at the sevel^th
and curving
stair
A
sepulchre.
slightly southwards to a land-
westwards there at a right angle and
ing, turns
at the tliirty-fourth step reaches a small chamber.
From
the floor of this the
stairway continues
in-
almost due north and at the fifty-fourth step
congruously by a row of uraei, then by a line
reaches a rough hole in which a fitting interment
of petals, finally by persea fruit and by corn-
could scarcely be made.
Below the neck of the column the fioral
again employed between plain bands
fiowers.
design
first
;
is
bunches of
five ducks, each
wards over a table
bound
(?)
hanging head down-
formed by two bundles of
Each bunch of birds
reeds.
by
from the next
a
similar
is
separated
bundle
set
up-
right.
'
It
and
^
tablet
is
unlikely,
the
King,
however,
that
Queen,
the
16 would have been treated in this
Wall-Thickness
(Plate
xv.).
shoekintr mutilation which this wall
a few years ago
may
that, of the fifteen
— The
underwent
be judged from the fact
columns which covered the
and
coluuius
way
(V.,
Fortunately the text
signs survive.
fully
p.
of pavilions, etc.,
modelled
birds.
Cf.
may
II.,
of course
have
and
the
xxxii.,
35 of that volume.
Cf. PiiTRlli, Tell cl
Amania,
Pis. vii., ix., x., xi.
is
recovcr-
of
vii.,
*
In Plate
xiv. 1
ought probably to have extended the
tablet a little further to the
Wooden columns
remarks on
^
not
shows
p. 13).
shown
South
inner half from top to bottom, only a few scattered
The
Tomb
Scenes and Inscriptions.
B.
There follows a band made up of three or four
taten,
whose figure
is
left,
leaving room for Mery-
hinted at there and
is
shown on the
broken column.
^
Similar columns in the city scorn to have broken each
stem up into four reeds (Petkik,
loc. at.).
C
THE KOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
10
on
a translation are given
Wall
North
(Refereuces and
and squeezes.
able from copies
(Plates
xvi.,'
29847,
IG
fol. 15,
This scene
:— Hay, MSS.,
arc
copies
cultc (V Atonou,
;
fol.
Lepsiu.s, D.,
much
King and Queen
of the
to the finer execution of these important parts.
The vase
away
has been chiselled
in front of the stands
for
Although the name of
some reason.
the princess
whose
figure remains
is
destroyed,
easy to recognise in her the Queen's
it is
Hymn to
Shorter
the
the text of
A translation
the Aten.
of this,
among
other versions, has already been given in Part IV.
xxxii.,
(Pis.
xxxiii.
doorway, meeting
kneeling figure of Tu tu we read
the tomb,
in
roded
is
The Chamberliiiu
(niiii-l-hcnl),
who fashioned him and
set
him
This
bats that infest the
known
due to the countless
is
tomb and make
their presence
to the nose as unpleasantly as to the eye.^
half of the whole picture on each side
full
and
devoted to the King, his family,
which together form a frame round the doorway,
the reader
is
referred to p.
The King and Queen
leanino,'
.30.
shown
arc
Tutu,
maalcheru,
courtyard on
O
to eternity
stools.
The border
Aten,
round the King's head-dress
the fitted
stone
on
which
Apparently she was
(Plates
xvii.,
the
xviii.
,
was sculp-
it
dandling
hei'
knees,
for
three
we
sec
two of them and learn from the
feet of
xix.).
Previous
copies
:
King)'-; Lep.sius,
cuhc
daughters on
her
of
Side
The
unusual.
is
upper part of the Queen's figure has been lost
'
!
tured.
North
it
of uraei
says
Tutu's arm.
:
not
here,
from the window, but seated outside
of the priest's leopard-skin shews under
West Wall
his
For the two pictures of the palace,
residence.
with
A paw
cor-
:
Listen to the utt(n'aiices of thy son, Ua-en-ra,
'
everywhere
most unsightly and sadly
is
almost effaced.
A
here, as
indeed in the upper parts the sculpture
;
in the
"
in the centre there.
The surface of the stone
Behind the
20-29).
pp.
;
they are sadly
l)ut
the wall on each side, but they extend over the
is
is
give us a clue to the events
The scenes occupy only about two-
incomplete.
sister,
Benretmut.
Below the scene
great
The speeches,
introduced.
is
which are commemorated,
lost,
of the slabs inserted with a view
fall
doorway,
thirds of the whole length of the upper part of
and the figures of the princesses have been
through the
37;
liv.
I.,
too stereotyped to call for
is
The heads
comment.
"iOSU,
L'Hotk, Papieis, XI., 37
;
lOG h; 3Iun. du
III.,
variety of detail
lil^erally interpersed,
XXXV.).
Previous
scheme as are the
Similar in
pictures on either side of the
p. 25.)
Thickness.
-
the west wall.
— L'HoTi;,
Pupiers,
297
III.,
107/) (the King);
D., III.,
d' Atonou, I., Pis. lix., Ix.,
(the
hieroglyphs
that
they were the
youngest.
The
princess
and
eldest
Benretmut
again
her two dwarfs (in front
of the
Mon. da
appears with
l.\i.
attendants below the throne).
The subject of the reward and i^romotion of
the faithful official, which found the more favour
since
it
could be employed to reflect glory upon
the Iving as
much
as
upon the deceased, takes
large dimensions here, occupying both halves of
'
Restored from
Lepsius,
with
Hay and
help from
The extent of the restoration can
photograph.
Note the reading in col. 18,
Bouriant for the text.
be seen from
tlie
revei'sing the correction in
-
I
can find no
{Mnn. da
imly
othci-
culte d' Atonou,
made
Part IV.,
p. 20,
note
8.
drawings of L'Hotc from
p.
107).
So far as
I
a few sketches in the .Suutlu'rn Tombs.
Tutu stands before the King, the courtyard
being
tators,
These
filled
behind him with a throng of spec-
two royal
last,
chariots,
and
five
oxen.
fat
whether as coming from the royal farms
or as presents to the iving in accordance with
the Eastern custom of gift for
gift,
with ribbons and plumes on
^
When
are decorated
their horns
working here I cleared the tomb
of
them
and
in
this tomli
hour or two by a massacre of about a thousand victims
know, ho
a good proof
exterminated.
how
easily the pests could be kept
down
an
or
THE TOMB OF TUTU.
are arcompaiiicd by
of meats and drinks
audience eoniprises (fioni the
Tlic
xviii.).
(PI.
licav(>rs
KiuLT with a stream of far-fetched tiatterv which
the
soldiery
courtiers,
and
.scrilies,
military
their
witli
standard.s,
including
officials,
the
Tho speech
''
the l)carer of the fan, crook
(?),
and
Chief Servitor
tjie
ruler of cliaracter,
come
monuments
abounding
We
arc fortunate in learnino,'
what manner of
speech actually passed between King and subject
on such occasions as
this,
even though
it
has
come down to us only in broken snatches. Had
we heard it all, however, we should prol)al)ly
my
art
Thy every conmiand
!
life
my
;
much
the
all
closer to
very
are
expres.sions
King
or people,
and
stilted
reward
The
(?)
Aten dawns
living
"The
wlio
and
speech
King
the
(if
South [and North] Egyjit,
of
Two
on Truth, lord of the
lives
N.
Lauds,
'
O
[great ones] and heads of soldiery who stand before
Pharaoh (L.P.H.) My purpose is to confer an exceptional
reward (lit. to perform the exceptional occasion of rewards')
!
tliat all
They
giving
May
for his
thy
Aten dawning
more than
to thee
They are
he grant to thee that he
that are upon the earth
streams, the numljer
foathei'.
and gold
of sih-er
[for] thee so as to gratify
cattle of all kinds,
see
it (?)
who hath
Ua-en-ra, beautiful like Aten, thriving [3]
eternally
thy gleaming
mankind,
feet.
Thou
million of [2]
morc^ than one can carry on his forearm.''
in life
rays,
they
:
(thou) flock of birds
father, that fashioned thee.
shines,
formal.^
done
him
[to]
at every season, great of
two hands
O
in seeing thoe,
is
O
heart daily,
not have come
is
done in heaven every day.
is
health
my (?)
Niles,
'
a
lord,
in wealth, great in duration,
placed him in his heart.
"
of Nefcr-
'O my good
to pass as (in the case of) Aten, tho lord, the living
Aten, whose command
axe.
for
<if
to us oidy in fragments.
khepcru-ra, the Chamberlain, Tutu.
rich in
mayor and
down
has come
row dowiiwaiils) the foreign represenlatives,
toj)
11
of
(?)
[4]
and
every
festivals
the
(?)
may
see his
that go upon their
all
[day]
(?)
or the banks of
(?)
sands, the hairs
of
(?)
for thee, the loved one of the [5]
a
Aten
'
equal to a thousand
does not hear that
his,
but I
give
(?)
his love for
(1)
it
[of
what are done]
to
He
men.
fashioned, N.
the Chamberlain, Tutu, because of
thou makest
Pharaoh (L.P.H.)
his lord.
Lo
!
appoint
[2] I
of copper
bowmen
(?),-
(?)
of all the
mercenary troops of
all lands,
attendants
every place
in
[.3]
(?)
Atcn
the depots of Pharaoh (L.P.H.), every Servitor of
the Aten
of
(?)
clothing, vessels of copper, [they
?]
being duo from you like
[favourite?].
Servitors
(i.e.
it
of
unto
of the
the King) listens to him in the
Pharaoh (L.P.H.), his good lord, is setting [6]
great nobles, and likewise every noble whom Pharaoh
day.
Behold
his
^
(?)
No noble knoweth how to do
He is found in [5] the (?) seat
One
(?).
gold,
1
clothes,
Aten and
living forever
the regiment planted bj^
register
cf.
;
Plates xx.,
them on
as
replies
if
they do not
(But) thou art
and ever.'"
where the
a stand (top
Here too the
xxx.).
them
chariots of the high officials wait to convey
A
home.
few retainers and a band of female
musicians prepare to accompany the palace servants,
who
lead
away
four fat oxen and carry
the vessels and meats of the King's bountv.
vessels
of
copper, cattle
(?),
Before he turns homeward, Tutu addres.ses yet
a few words to his fellow-officials.
every
"
The Chamberlain, Tutu,
saith to the
to thy resting-place of eternity
this gracious speech
to
The King's speech
left,
(?),
a million descendants.
of the
(L.P.H.)
.
.
.
bowmen
captains of
horses, overseers of [soldiery
to
i*!t
outside the gate of the courtyard,
year.'"
Tutu
[G]
They are
!
(L.P.H.) hath fashioned in the entire land, to give to him
silver,
by myriads;
After his reception by the King, Tutu retires
the projects
(?)
which [Pliaraoh] (L.P.H.) makes for the Great Servitor
Pharaoh (L.P.H.).
(?)
(?).
sentries sit at their posts with the standards of
Pharaoh (L.P.H.), his good
lord, hath commanded' that all nobles and heads of the
entire land cause to be given to him silver, gold,
his
createst progeny
they do not come with strides
;
thriving like the
of
South and North.
[4] the [royal] levies
(?)
duration
his
O Pa whom Aten
rank eternally,
King, overseers of soldiery, overseers
the scribes
of the
brought
Thou
!
give birth to
overseers of the horses,
in his
art fixed
has been gi^-en to another noble of
it to
captains of
[great in]
Thou
(in
seven columns) reads from right
issuing from his
=
Cf. PI. xviii., col. 2
^
Reading
I
:
that of Tutu in the
of
Atcn
of the
V"
overseers
of
(?),
my
the
every Servitor
in the entire land,
Pharaoh,
Iveading
(?).... Pharaoh
?]
Aten
shall give] great riches
contrary direction.
^
mouth
(?),
(?) [lord,'
men
commands that ye
the rewards of N., to his .servant
V
1
fl
r^"-^
I
v"
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL A^^ARNA.
12
who
good teacliing of proper
listens to his
which he
gives to [me?] in the form of an impost
(?)
on
(?)
me by favours more than
to distinguish
any
the riches
life,
(other) favourite of his."
Proljably the full design would have included
the house of Tutu or the temple of Aten.
makes monuments to his father (?) and duplicates (?) them *
Thou Greatest by generations and generations
[Thou art] as Ra, as the living Aten who bare
thee.
Thou shalt pass his long existence [2]. He dawns
in heaven to give existence to thee, my lord, complete (?)
like the Father, comprehending, exact, and searching
!
Thy [hands ?] are like the rays of Aten, so that
mankind [3] wondrously, O my lord
The Aten gives to thee these many sed-festivals he makes
hearts.
The lower half of the wall contains only a
short prayer (Plate xix.), separated by a blank
thou
establishest
For thou art
thee his heir.
some length from a
space of
figure
of Tutu,
standing in prayer with uplifted hands/
For a
West Wall
:
South Side (Plates
Ra and
relhjt
xix.,
xx.,
xxi.).
:
3[im.
ihi
d'Atonou,
ctille
I.,
Plates
Ivi.,
Thou illuminest
it.
makes acclamation
for thee in
Ethiopia, and
Syria,
beseeching
In
the companion
this,
picture
King and Queen
scene, the
the
to
to us breath."
receive their servant
they are bound
at the cushioned balcony, from which they lean
The
confer the proposed honours on liim.°
to
King on
The
the occasion
recorded in two columns as follows
is
:
[4]
upholds
comprehend
name
his
[5] for joy
the
for
He
on the day
entire land trips to thee,
Their hands are
nations.
They are
Grant
l;a.
[6] they are saying, "
;
Terror of thee hath closed their nostrils,
(?)
in their good fortune
Lo
(?).
roaring makes
tliy
;
thy will
!
limbs
their
The rays of the Aten
Make thy monuments stable as
shine on thee eternally.
heaven and make thy appearance in them for ever (for)
as long as the Aten exists thou shalt exist, living and
to fail as flame devoui's wood.
supjDOsed speech of the
who
in praise to thy
thee
them as a scare
in
heaven
the
all
as suppliants
life
last
is
thou didst issue
thou bringest to him the produce of his rays.
;
(outstretched) for
Ivii., Iviii.
;
of eternity,
propitiates Aten, causing the land to
on which thou appearest.
Previous copy
his child
from him, Ua-en-ra, an image
him that made
translation, see p. 27.
!
;
[7]
;
thriving for ever.'
[The .speech of the King of South and North Egypt]
living on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, N., [to ?] the
"
Chamberlain,
Servitor of
Tutu.
my
tion
my
.saying, "
appoint
I
!
it
my
thee
Chief
Aten
in
to thee for love of thee, because thou
henchman (sdm
cliief
ash)
who
listens to
my
instruc-
Verily every commissioti which thou perforinest,
(big).
heart
Lo
Nefer-ldieperu-ra [in the temple of]
Akhetaten, doing
art
'
is
content therewith.
Eat thou the rations
lord, in the
temple of Aten."
'
This outburst of loyal feeling
assigned to each group
The
by the
foreigners, standing in
it
has been
artist (Plate xx.).
an attitude of respect,
speak through their Egyptian interpreter
I give to thee the olBce,
"
of
Pharaoh
(L. P.
H.
!),
thy
" '
announcement Tutu
this formal
shared by the
bystanders, and a short expression of
is
raised to
The
tributaries
(?)
of every foreign land say,
Ra, Nefer-kheperu-ra, [we] are subject
and
By
is
'
O
living
[to thee] for
ever
ever.'
The
soldiers grasping their standards are
styled—
sacerdotal rank, second only to that of the high-
Golden
priest.
brought and
makes a
collars,
fitted
and cap are
Meanwhile he
.sandals,
on
him.
longtliy reply, lavishing
encomiums on
the King.
"Those carrying
sight of
Next
"
" [Said by
?]
the Chamberlain
(?),
Tutu
:
'
Ruler who
(lit.
'
wearing
are followers of the Majesty
whom
there
is life,
the hid standard,
')
who
Nefer-kheperu-ra."
in order are their leaders in
ordinary dress
The great ones and captains of soldiery who stand
and say, '0 Ruler, brightness of
!)
before Pharaoh (L.P.H.
'"
the Aten, abounding in wealth
^
Mon.
-
For remarks on the picture
(hi culte
d'Atonou,
T.,
who
beautiful of face, at
is
PI. lix.
t)f
the jialace see pp. 36-7.
The Queen, who was wearing the flat-topped head-dress,
was accoinpanieil by her three daughters, who must have
been grouped about her in much the same way as in
Then come
" the scribes
[saying]
Nefer-kheperu-ra, the
Aten [who
brings into being the generations
'
Say
ye, "
establishes]
"
Health to
mankind and
"
i
'
Plate xxix.
^
This was the formula of induction to priestly
and was
priest also
ottice,
*•
ex.ictly foll.jwcd
(T., v.).
at
lhi>
investiture of the high
Emending
to
below similarly injured.
The
phra.se occurs twice
THE TOMB OF TUTU.
Nearest to Tutu arc the high
appended to them
officials
'How adniiiable
thy
in
is
How
Ncfer-khepcru-ra.
tliy projects,
who
pr(is])erous is
fair cliild of the
(?)
wilt bring generations into
Thou
beini,'.
Ateu
art to eternity
Near the
side door of the courtyard the
two
royal chariots are iu waiting, and one of the
charioteers
the
joins
general laudation (Plate
:
palace
seem
dashing to and from the palace in chariots, con-
veying messages and
The major-domo
the gate and demands the business of
stands at
As
and water
usual, a
up here
piled
is
officials.
in
charge of soldiers
beautiful like
'
watchmen
the
the
rations of the
fashions
guard.
The
object in front of
is
offer
Aten who gave him being, Nefer-kiiepcru-ra, who
mankind and gives existence to generations. He
"
fixed as the heaven in which Aten is.'
The scene which takes place when Tutu leaves
the courtyard and tinds a crowd of friends and
him home
retainers waiting outside to escort
is
Tutu's dwelling seems to have
A
new
building
were to be discharged, for that
office
presented
is
here
the
as
goal
of
movement.^
The
picture tells
way, but a
study
little
action.
of the wall
story in a very confused
show that the three
will
end at the temple contain the
registers which
main
its
The rest is accessory. At the top
we see the spot outside the palace
wall where the military post
ments seem
to
is set.
Two
An
either replacing one or
removing
it
In
the
2
Spelt
Cf. Pis. x.xv., col. 12
u
in v., p. 10.
have been omitted here by the
3
The termination
the picture
further.
Tombs
is
down
fall
King's
stela,
made
this
sign
small
I. x.a,
picture
"
A
•
tlie
the
jjicturc
from
glory
the
the
[of]
King
left
Tutu
seen
is
palace.
:
Upper and Lower
of
Chief Servitor of N. in
(?)
Aten in Akhetaten.
his many subordinates
(L.P.H.
my
!),
lord,
has done unto me.
I
of
saith to
See the benefits which Piiaraoh
'
.saying truth, not allowing
any commission
in the temple
The Chamberlain, Tutu,
my
lord
For
I
any overstepping
when he sends me
(?)
thereon.
do according to that which gocth forth from
his mouth.'
This speech immediately calls forth the loyal
:
"
in IV., xviii., xx.)
which
it
and
it
closely resembles.
the salient features of the
etc.,
O
Ruler,
duplicates
who
them
!
niaketh monuments to his father and
May
Nefer-kheperu-ra
seem
slightly unusual in form.
have
health.
O
Aten, grant a million of scJ-festivals to him, thy child,
whose nature is as thine
Orant that he may fulfil thy
!
duration
!
Tutu mounts
accompanied
I
)y
his chariot
and goes on
detachments of police
temple.
The standards ou the
is
above seems to show that
the screening wall behind the second pylon,
round
service of
before the Kinfr's favourite or dance
laudation
response
clear.
bo.xes are set
the
is
Egypt, N., by the Chamberlain, Tutu, when he was ap-
must
The smaller temple is given more prominence and the building is more compact. Trees planted iu
are
the left
with excitement, and Tutu addresses them
though the wall extends much
shown
is
should be compared with
in
first
the only plan of the temple in the Southern
(an elevation
Even
The
xxxii., col. 4.
apprentice,
his
to
dust.'"'
As he
emerges from the gate, decked out iu his new
finery, he is demonstratively welcomed by lf(s
subordinates, his charioteer, and others.
They
to take part
scribe.
of the sky
complete,
is
This
;
wind or
for.
centre of
returning in
For indeed
Read
the
or
the temple, whether ordinary or exceptional,
being provided
iu
1
On
foot.
of
officer is
by
(?),
them seems
of shield ag-ainst
accompanied
arriving on
pointed
regi-
be on guard and display their
standards on altar-like platforms.^
some kind
scribe,
been in or near the temple where the functions
of his
stock of viands
o-i)od
perhaps
next depicted.
to represent
Servants and soldiers are
gates.
those enterinof.
-
registers
and
in pairs.
scenes witnessed prior to the ceremony before
xix.).
" Said by the charioteer
mangers
tlieir
The two lowest
the
like the Aten.'
chariots are stationed
the horses have Ijecn unharnessed
are feeding from
he
Thou
!
Two
the ceremony.
in
close liy
is
"Said by the great ones, the companions,^
are
the note
;
13
=
Cf.
I., xviii.
his
way
and groups
THE nOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
14
of friends and
on
on the King
"The
at
a
which the Tell
/Vmarna Letters seem to con-
el
There we find Aziru, a somewhat turbu-
tain.'
lent kinglet in the north of Svria or the interior
of Phoenicia,- and his son also, writing to one
N.
[in
s.aith
father
liis
temple of Alen in]
th<'
Akhetaten, the Chamberlain, Tutu,
tii
him
rceeive
:
Oliief Servitor of
[makes mdnuments]
all
Tutu must invoke
and again
buildiiii;-
lilessino-
and her women,
his wife (?)
The temple servants
foot.
the
by
(?)
[theml
O
'
who
Ruler,
dujilicates
anil
'"
(?)
Du-u-du
Egypt
in
as an intermediary with the
Aziru addresses him
King.
way
ential
my
as "
lord
most defer-
the
in
and "
"
my
and
father,"''
otherwise shows that he had come to Icnow him
A
and prayiug
prayiu'
Tutu
ligure of
the
is
only decoration of the lower part of the wall
(Plate
xxi.
was introduced
it
on
translation
;
order
in
seems
Probably
p. 27).
to
the vacant
fill
to
have proved too
spacious for the stock designs.
The only con-
space, for Tutu's tonili
nection with the scene above
that Tutu
is
arrayed in his collars and festal cap, as
from
is
fresh
if
his honours.
texts,
appreciated fully his influence at court.
claim that he was
that he
wliich
are
interspersed
of an Ami-KIii'iit, probably for
with the
good reason
tlie
that they indicate positions of wide authoiitv in
temple and at court, which were
because
higher
almost,
if
to
few burcauci'atic
We
them.
all
gathei-
that
As such, his
we have an
the
activities
King's
closest
the
were
duties
he
not quite, the highest ofhcial
realm, enjoying
whom
it
almost certain
the kings of Syria
recognised as the real power behind the throne
Tutu was
a
makes
It
man
it
probable, too, that
of years and position
to
the
throne,
young King, whose
interests
on
relied
in
instructive account of
Egypt, gladly
wisdom
It
before
and that the
were concentrated
King's mind
the
inconspicuous places
several
outer
diplomatic
the
perhaps, a sign of the special acquaint-
of Tutu with
ance
on
of his father's confidant.'
is,
lintel,
in
that
tomb
his
in
(the
the abacus, the entablature), where
they were scarcely
legilile,
Aten are given
the later form, which avoids
name
the
in
of Ilorus,
to the northern
the
tombs of
]\Iahu
the cartouches of the
and Avhich came into uni-
tombs soon
versal use in the
was
necropolis.
and Any.)
removal
after the
(Here, too, in the
It seems, then, that
confidence.
had the widest range, and
short inscription on Plate xix. (sec
them
p. 27).
in
the
Both
the Cjuantity and contents of the texts in his
tomb
makes
the
all
TuTiT.
tomb with such unusual profusion,
do not bring the personalit\- of Tutu much
nearer to us.
The distinctive functions of a
Chief Servitor are as little known to us as those
attached
l)udu
this
in their affairs.
scenes in this
the
is
Tutu's
chief mouthpiece of
'"'
foreign lands " (PL xix.)
Akhenaten came
C.
The
and
intimately, and in all likelihood ^lersonally,
justify us in concluding that if
any man
in
Knudtzox, El-Amarnn Tafdn, Nos. 158, 1G4, 1G9
(WiNCKLER, Tell el Amarmi Letters, Nos. 44, 45, 52).
Dudu is mentioned also in Knudtzon, No. 1G7 (Winckler,
'
47a, p. 408).
I., p.
See also Steindorff, Beitrage znr Assyrlologie,
:W1.
Xnudtzon, ih., p. 50.
Khai (Iliiy?) he addresses as "my brother," writing in
a more familiar strain (Kxudtzon, No. IGG. Winckler,
-
^'
Akhetaten entered into the new
Life,"
and made
"
Teaching of
applicatioii of its zeal for
in his public life, it
was
Truth
It is generally in vain
that
No.
we
seek for some
shadows of men which the tomb-scenes throw
upon history, and therefoi-e \vc cannot pass bv
to
Tutu's
In the reign of Anienhetep
III.,
Amanappa
is
Dudu.
*
touch of the outside world to give body to these
a testimony
40).
addressed by Ribaddi, King of Gebal, in the same way as
he.
existence
and activity
Stela 211 of the British
(^=^^
£=
Vs,
house of King AS',
a
All
w1
),
Museum shows
Acting-Scribe and Steward in the
ofl'ering to
Sokaris of Re-stau and making
hclep sitrn prayer for his father
official is
one Thutjiu
Khonsu
;
not likely to be identical with our Tutu.
but this
THE
tomb
the
decorated
w;is
was
iunovatiou
being
at
u time
wlicu
intioduccd
T0M13 OF TUTU.
the
cautiously
15
(?)
'>
"i^co
Tutu's
1.
titles are
i)
-jr
laiu"(?).
(Ami-Khent).
" Chainl)er-
Commissions of the Lord of the
(Jamb.
U p
5.
in PI. xii.)
^
III
]|
n
AA/v^
CQ3 I^IDl O
of the Temple of Ateu in Akhetaten
;
PL
Two Lauds
'
xix.
;
w
If
silver
all
" {i/>.).
A C C O
" (Pi. xv.,
" Overseer of
.
i '^-s^
\r^r^S.
o
1
" Chief Servitor of N. in
7
all
PI. XV.).
works of His JMajesty
col.
"Overseer of
.
{Passim. "Chamberlain of the Lord
Two Lauds"
of the
•
11.
4.
(PI. xiv.).
:
c.ir
fHll
"
Servitor of N. in the ])arge
(shortly after the birth of the third daughter).
"Overseer of the
*—^-r.-^
and gold of the Lord of the Two Lauds
"
twice on PI. xx.).^
AWVSA
'
The
possible
title
not clear, the short gap being plain or
is
in all
Tutu is never
described as " Great Servitor"
four occurrences.
Servitor of Ateu," but he
is
(icing's speech, PI. xvii.), " Servitor of
and
" Servitor
" Chief
(?)
Ua-en-ra
.... Nefer-kheperu-ra
" (PI. xix.)
" (PI. xvii.).
" Overseer of the Treasury
Temple of Ateu
in
.... the Ateu
Akhetaten
" Chief
£>,
8.
I
in the
" (PI. xii.).
I
I
\AyV^AA
I
\'
^^
mouthpiece of the entire land"
^^
^—^
(PI. xix.).
16
CHAPTER
III.
THE TOMB OF AY
The tomb
Ay
of
(No. 25)'
approach easily
Hay
speaks of
was not
it
was
fills
it
Its
deep and roomy
and though
witli driftsaiid,
as " the toml) opened
fully cleared
1893, and
till
by me,"
diverging roads lead from
it
xxii., xxiii.).
tomb
;
Mon.
Architeo'j'ural Fkaturks.
ihi ciillr
ExTEiuoii
ap[)roach
I.,
and
The two most striking
com-
—A
broad
rock-slope
which
is
leads
The framino- of the
door was decorated in the usual wav, but the
lintel is
now
so weather-worn as scarcely to allow
King and Queen
us to distinguish the
to Aten,
whose
Benretmut
(PI.
was
also
princesses,
included.
inscribed
xxiv.) are
columns on either
A
and no doubt
The
the texts,
Pi. xxxi.,
jambs
the upper parts are
panel at the foot shows
his wife in a kneeling attitude.'
Ay's head see
They
with prayers in six
side, lait
very weather-worn.
Ay and
offei'ing
disc occupies the centre.
by three
are followed
and
by
(For
for a translation of
far
No.
1
-
The
and roads
figures
see
diflfer
As
and L'Hote.
down-streani I have assumed this to
position
may
it
its size, its
which
it
The excavation of the
roughly on the east
title
purity, the beauty of the
hall has
been completed
and on the west as
side,
mucii has been cleared as sufficed to set free the
columns of the central
In addition, the
aisle.
cross aisle nearest the door has Ijeen run out to
about
its
height,
full
length, though at a diminishinfr
and the upper half of one other column
The columns
has been roughly shaped.^
eastern half of the
in three
rows of
have been
the
tomb number twelve, arranged
Of these twelve only the
The
finished.
in the central aisle
rest
given a rough contour, which
in the ten
in
four.
two columns nearest the door
have only been
difi'ers
very widely
The ungraceful thickness
examples.
IV.
lie
due north.
For the
xiii.
scarcely at
^
The usual method
followed.
all
Tomb
16,
is
combined
the entrance faces
from those given on
of
commencing with the ceiling was
marked on it down the
Parallel red lines are
centre of the longitudinal aisles, from which, no
perpendicular.
over his
left shoulder.
work which actually
XV.
claim the
has so far enjoyed.
insignia
PI.
still"
remaining sculpture, and the freedom from bats
They are shown in Mon. du riillc iVAiimon, T.,
Til all cases Ay, when <in the left, canies his
in his outstretched hand, Imt when on the right,
ri. x.Kxi.
not the hall
adopted for the columns, which contrast very
p. 32.)
of Lepsius
columns
unfinished state, would
its
unfavourably with those of
'
Had
of the
the most attractive in the
Indeed,
necropolis.
of the usual
though of such larger proportions as
a toml) of the size.
l)een
on account of
xxiv.).
the
to the door,
12 (fairly
fol.
features
arc the crowding together of the
their brilliant whiteness.
have
p. 2(5.
xxii.,
through
cut
character,
Ijefits
(Plates
down
gently
(VAlcmou,
half has been
suffered sadly in the general mutilation of 1890,
to the eity.
Previous plans .•—^IA^•, MSS., 29847,
j>leti')
entrance,
excavated, l)ut which was planned on an ambitious
the tomb, in spite of
A.
—The
more than
a hall of which little
burials
Two
(]())
pierced through a thick wall of rock, admits to
scale.
and an enormous mass of broken sherds.
^
Interiok (Plates
1883
till
(New Kingdom?)
with later
tilled
the most westerly
i«
of the iuscril)ed tom])s.
(()
doubt,
plumb-lines were dropped to keep the columns and walls
The completion
of
one half of the tomb
sliows a vivid apprehension of that untimely arrest of the
befell.
THE TOMB OF
with so luuTOW
hall is a
mere
iin
forest of coluiuiis,
betweeu whose
bases oue cau scarcely walk with ease.
If
however, there
liave little claim to beauty,
the
that
iiitcrcolumniation
not unfitting sense of gloomy mystery
in
they
is
a
their
Viewed from the
dark and minoliuQ- shadows.
AY.
11
the north side of these columns and
are from
read similarly
King
(°^)
of
The bearer
of the fan on the
hand of the King, dwelling
right
the
"
:
in
in the
heart of
the entire land, excellent
.satisfier
of the heart of his
King
tlie
lor<l,
the acting scribe
doorway down the broader aisle of axis, the
tomb has a mucli more light and prepossessing
god, Ay, living anew."
appearance
that this formed a third variant
(PI. xxxvii.).
Neither
cross-aisle
tlic
door at the cast end of the
iirst
fatlier of the
he loves, the
wlioni
Pemains of that on the
west side of the second column on the east show
ment
nor that in the axis has Iteen pierced
meaning
yields no
the frag-
l)ut
;
(PI. xxxiv.).
For a translation of the inscription
in coloured
beyond the door-cheeks, and only the
latter has
hieroglyphs on the two architraves (PL xxxii.)
been inscribed.
the outer
see
portal,
Besides
this
door,
and the two sides of the entrance-passage,
a part of the north wall
is
the only surface which
has received sculpture.
Columns
—The finished columns
show the usual features of the type most common
in the necropolis.
As in Tomb IG, tliree ribs
marked on the stem, and here
instead of one are
deeply, foreshadowing the later division of each
The
stem into
four.
diagonally
towards
pair,
tablets,
as
entrance
the
at right angles to
way.
Ay and
background with
bead-pattern
set
The
between them."
enhances.
tablets are incised
and
the inscriptions painted in appropriate colours.
(Jtherwise the columns are pure white, no colour
apparently being proposed.
The
abaci
of the
four finished columns were inscribed on the side
facing the
and
aisle,
the case of the
first
also on the north side in
pair
;
but these inscriptions
two more published from the notes of
on
rich
Of these
-
See Mon.
3
L., D., III., 10.5
latter,
dri cullc
Reproduced on
*
L.,
one
PI.
D. Text,
is
d'Atunou,
I.,
p. 41.
d (East Column), c (West Column.
xxxi.
Cf. Hay, MSS., 29817, fol. G5).
II., p.
145.
the
appearance
to
tlie
— No
columns
the
of
employed
c(jlours
Pi. xxiii."
second
being
chamljcr
provided, the place of sepulture was hewn out as
corner
the
usual in
of the
A
hall.
llight of
twenty-nine steps bends round sharply to the
west at the twenty-second step and
a rough hole,
now
There
is
any use having been made of
for burial,
and
tails olf into
almost entirely filled with a
large Hint boulder.
thus no trace of
poor provision
this
this accords, of course,
with Ay's
supposed history.
B.
SUKNES AND iNSCUIi'TlONS.
East Wall-Tjiickness
xxxi.,
Lepsius*'
blank and the other uncoloured.
of
The designs and
(Plates
Previous copies:
p.
llw,
142 (Queen's titulary)
xix., XX.
*
•^
xxv.,
xxvi.,
G5
L'Hotk,
xlii., xliii., xliv.).
3ISS., 2'JSI7,
Papiers, III., 21)7 (a few notes)
1
blue
whiteness
the
BLiHiAL-Pr..\ci';.
published by Lepsius^ are probably those on the
Tlie titles
a
:
wine-coloured
I'lie
prevailing
can be fully learnt from
have been ruthlessly hacked away, and only a
few hieroglyphs remain.
The two duplieates
inner sides of the northern pair.
gives
which
first
the
(Plate xxxiii.
liall
35)."'
legible.
Both are
translation on p. 34).
:
translations on pp. 34,
the
his wife adoring car-
usual
the
in
partly
still
admiral ily preserved in the
tomb,
touches of the god and the royal pair which arc
are
inscriptions
face
the axis in the uext.^
was decorated
In the entrance the patterns are effaced,
the
usual,
in
—This
(Plate XXV.
These tablets are adorned with designs showinir
standing figures of
34.
Ceiling.
l)ut
(Plate xxiii.).
p.
;
;
Mon. da
fol.
Lkpsiu.s,
;
D. Text,
II.,
cullc d'Alonou, I.,xviii.,
(photograph).
Published in Mon. du cullc d'Atvnoa,
Hav, MSS., 29814,
fol.
11
;
29847,
I.,
fol.
PI. xxii.
15 (coloured).
D
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
18
This
one uioro example of the
Willi oilers
family at worship.
suffered greatly in
has
It
roy.il
the upper portion through exposure and not less
by
loss of
patching-stones and modern violence.
The Queen,
can
it
Benretmut,^ accompanied by her
princess
"The
two dwarfs,
')
"
mother. Para ('The Sun
the
of
figures
the
Queen, Er-
and " The
vizier of his
of
vizier
neheh ('To Eternity
The
was wearing the Atef-
Three daughters are shown, as well as
crown.
the
seen,
l)e
we
show good
pair
royal
Hay have
o
now remain
us the
preserved for
Ijright
" Tlie heiress,
with varied colour, set
sweet of
in favour, lady of grace,
f,'rp;it
and North,
fair of face,
gay with
The text
King whom
(he) loves, lady of the
of love, Nefertiti, living for ever
The lower part
Two
Lands, great
of the wall
is
occupied by a
his wife (Pis.
like those
These
xxv., xxxix.).
Ay
its
show the
very best, retaining
its
Jinr
given
it
sign,
Previous cojiy
da
MFoii.
:
dropped out of the plate).
to read the sign
luiii,
however,
tlie
final
^
has
Being misled by a supjiosed
as others
half of this wall (which would not
more
first
had done,
most
cflU'Dce of
now
The
possess
Hymn
As
it.
Hay and
till
inclined
set right liy
suggests that the second
this translation is
They recur
correct)
v.,
iii.
in Plates xvii., xxviii.
;
This
lofty tliat the cult of
name par
c.r-
Only the
far
to the Aten.
documents as
l)efallen other
it
was deeply buried
we
in sand,
Lepsius shirked the task of ex-
cavation and left the whole uncopied.''
not
till
It
1883 that Bouriant uncovered
the copy that he then
^
I speak as
made and
if
it,
was
and
revised in 1884
the figures were uninjured.
so,
title,
IL,
is
a boy.
may have been
like the names.
v.,
vii.,
was removed.
own photograph was taken her
of a spiteful attack, levelled
of
Anticpntips, with
Since ]\L Jequier
viii.
and
also
is
virtually gone.
in
It
the
I.,
PI. xx.) Tyi's
and the year after
face
was
my
.again the object
apparently at the Department
whose
hap]icned to be ofl'cnded.
the jewellery given
Unhappily
though but a few years have passed
face has received deliberate injury,
chif'Hy
(if
and
poetical
forth, has acquired the
Aten called
the phrase " his mother
chosen in jest as the least applicaljle
occupied by a
Tyi similar to those just noticed.
text, the
colour
"
is
text in thirteen long columns and by figures of
Skthu {A. Z., 190.-., pp. i;!.|-.5). Cf. j.. 4 above.
- The ijrst dwarf is female, as the determinative of the
name shows. Though no distinction in dress is noticeable,
" Vizier "
Plates
d'Atoiwu, L, Pis. xvi.,
photographed them {Man. du ndie d'Alonou,
though injured, seems to have the form
analogy in the necropolis, I was at
cujle
be covered by the open door)
us.
signs of her title are, of cour.se.
in Plate xxxi. (where,
to thk Aten).
xvii.
since the protecting sand
The
given on
xxvii., xli.
they are no longer
The opening
is
bharrc features
without over-exaggeration, and presenting
'
translation
West Thioknkss (Hymn
both
Akhetatcn
art of
by
figures,
by remarkable precision of modelling, and, being
at
(A
precious can reconcile us to the form in which
on the opposite wall, are distinguished
perfectly preserved,
in addition,
off,
l(.)iig
prayer accompanied by the kneeling figures of
and
were
fillet,
excellent preservation, as the
in
is
worse fate which has
and ever."
bracelets, armlets,
pp. 28, 29.)
the two plumes, beloved of the living Aten, the chief wife
of the
for
;
the masses of minutely divided hair.^
Ay and
:
love, mistress of Soutli
collars,
and, in the case of Tyi, the cap and
The inner
titulary of the Queen, of which only the final
sitrns
pure white, the
are
xl.)-
Lepsius and
enhanced
though the garments of both husband and wife
and so giving a sudden diminution of the leg at
that point, mars the clfect in the case of the
fully coloured the
much
must have been
effect
photographs show.
').'"-
of sinking the figure less deeply below the skirt,
(Plate
When
portrait of the pair.
modelling, though the sculptor's unhappy trick
King
with a near approach to a true
feel confident,
administration
is
the
village
plain also from details of
above publication that
rapidly disappearing
and
will
soon
tlie
be
See PI. xxxiv. for Tyi's collar and bracelet,
from the aliove source. Ay's collar anil armlet are
and his bracelet similar to that of his wife.
* " On the right side of the doorway is a large table of
hieroglyphs, but to uncover it would be a great labour."
plain yellow,
Hay.
THE
was
A
to prove the only complete copy
few years
and
later,
we
ajipareiitly
T0M13 OF AY.
liefore
any
third of the in-
full
was destroyed.
scription
29847,
paralleled in other laudations of Aten, where
they are pro1)ably as original as here.
104, 10.5
This
King's favourite, has
have
.seen, in
scene
a set conijiosition which had currency apart
we can
see
or
previous
to,
use
its
the
in
tomb.
These texts either borrow from an authoritative
" Teaching," which
new
the
and dogmatic statements of
phrases
was evidently
zeal-
t()Ui1)S
The Palace''
(Plates xxviii., xxix.,
dominant feature of the
it
is
accompanying Ay.
movement and
ever
lie
his
or pro2:)het of the
lie
and
will
hidden from history, nor would mere
knowledge of
name
his
avail us
The photograph on Plate
pair unnecessary.
The colour
Tyi.
little
have shown the jewellery of
now
is
almost erased, and a
Dark blue
restoration has been necessary.
is
represented by solid black.
is
assigned, light yellow
colour
tlesh
is
warm
a
AVherc no cohnir
to be assumed.
Tyi's
yellow, her cap
light
is
yellow, with a lost pattern in red
North Wall
East
:
Side
No
preserve.
crowd
is
ever involved in these
of
Ay
and Tyi have
of the block in the Caii^^
The dancers, the gifts
(PI. xxix.),
the
few minor omissions
;
e.g.
the legs of Merj'taten below
and the broad ribbon depending from the
Such inexactitudes can be corrected
Queen's head-dre.ss.
her
by
sister's chin,
the
photographs,
Scliliephack, of the
with
which,
negatives in this volume,
all
were taken
Ncuc Photog.
other
f<ir
full-plate
me by Herr
Gescllsduift.
do not include the amusing travesties of picture
and interpretation by ViLLlicits Stuart, Nile Gleanings,
Squeezes of the wall by Lepsius (see Steinchapter vii.
'•'
I
DOKFF
xxvi.,
El
fail to
enlargement and the gifts (PI. xxx.) are added from scaledrawings, and the group round Ay (PI. xxxi.) is reproduced
from a tracing. This combination of methods is responsible
line.
(Plates
Lepsius so often
The upper parts
(PI. xxxviii.).
of outline
stereotyped at
so
of
deeper question
changes, I believe.
for a
I
are
Amariui and which the plates
Museum
makes further
remarks on the admirable kneeling figures of the
In Plate x.xxiv.
expression which
facial
been added from the photograph
much.
i.
front the
in
have sometimes ventured to restore those forms
and
works probably
and
the palace
.scene.
difficult to
assign the literary or philosophical form of the
The poet
xlii.).
always, the lialcony occupied by the royal
.\s
Behind
religion to him.^
the imagination
in
of the chief artist of Akhetaten.
guidance of the King."
becomes
of Parennefer and Tutu.^
are modifications of a pi(;ture
the
it
we
all
is
at accession be accepted,
as
])icturcs,
(he original or model, so far as
family
extreme youth
the
is
ously imparted in Akhetaten under the personal
If his
144;
p.
the reward of
which probal)ly existed only
composition or are compiled from the current
liturgical
;
the
Lkpsius, D.,
;
D. Texl,U.,
sister
its
(inscriptions
xxiv.'
xxiii.,
T.,
58;
'tl,
fol.
T., xxxi.x.'^
111;
a,
representing
scene,
No one
from,
V Art,
ih-
lOG
((,
iVAtnnim,
ciiile
any other hymn
likelihood, neither this nor
all
is
Vov, in
dii.
29814,
3ISS.,
L'H.VrK, Paplcix, TFI., 297
;
Piussn, Ilixtoirc
;
Mon.
G7
f(.l.
III., 10.3,
Considerable portions of the hymn, however,
ai'c
:— Hay,
Previous copies^
po.ssess.^
only)
further copy was taken, a
19
Bliitezeit, p. 1.5G), ar.d
by L'Hote {Papicrs,
xix., 4)
are preserved at Bei'lin and Paris.
xxviii.-xxxi., xxxvi., xlii.-xliv.*).
'^
A
furnished
Evidently appropriated from Lep.sius.
to lill up the corner cut oil' by the
room has been invented
architrave
Deux joitts
'
EouitiANT,
2
Compare the recurring
defouillcs, p. 2.
phrase, " }Ie rose up early and
taught me."
^
No
;
progress
is
visible in these respects
from the year
they agree with Lepsius, do not strengthen the evidence.
»
of the first proclamation.
from careful tracings. But
more secure guide. Plate xxviii.
Plates xxix., xxx., owing
is from my own scale-drawing.
have been based on the
the
w.all,
present
state
of
the
to
*
The heads
(PI. xxvi.) are
the photographs are a
still
plates of Lepsius, but corrected in
detail
!
These are clearly copies of the plates of Lepsius with
a few alterations in the texts, etc. The changes are later
so that the plates, where
tlian the injuries to the wall
'
from the wall
itself.
numberless points of
Even where
this failed
me
I
.so,
Perhaps also in that of iMay
it
supplies, so far as
it
is
(V., PI. v.,
and
p. 3).
If
preserved, the lacking sub-
scene which showed the river-gardens of, the palace and its
landing-stage, as well as further by-scenes outside the
palace and on the banks.
'
A
comparison of the plans of the palace
below on
p. 36.
will
be found
THE ROCK
20
A
TO]\rBS
second and generally similar rcpresentotion
of the palai'G wa.s
room
have occupied the same
to
no doubt, as
part,
similar depiction of the
was
wall
tomb of Tutu, of a
King's bounty.
As that
tresses curling at the
lock or tress
extended over the doorway, meeting our scene
middle and forming a pendant
the
The two
xxxvi.).^
xxviii.,
(Pis.
to
Below
inclined to see
than
rather
two
are
it
trees,
in
wliicli
lyre are seen only in
am
and the former
gested by M. Maspero.-
On both
sides of the centre
from
entered
contents,
the
outside
from
apparently,
;
so that servants sit
ease preparing
the
and eating
round
food.
it
judge to represent the harem
or that part of
it
assigned to the female servants
or slaves
only
for
guards stand close
women
by
are seen in
the
all
It
one column and
out of
We
it.
hall
her
women
live
apart
to possess a
women shown
practice of music
of the hall
As
all
much
*
the
busily engaged in the
of the
of the
instruments include the lyre, the
•
the
It will be .seen that this part of Plate xxviii.
are from
-
Hay and
See Part
three in Pis.
The
is
p.
tri-
repro-
restorations
III., p. 31.
There
Badal
is
one tree in
necessarily
the
;
artist
show Syrian
to
at
slave-
III., xxxiii.
Nos. 30, 31 (Ascalon?).
Ti/prs,
women
way
as the men.
L., D.,
dressed the hair
Cf.
lliJLLKit,
Amen
330.
p.
the similar pictures Pis.
which, so far as their state allows, are in harthe scenes here.
See PI.
v., vii.
Rnciril
For the conical
No. 188a
types,
;
It is seen in the h.ands of
Cf. PI. vi.
4G9).
tresses
Pes
is
Bes and of a
(Wilkinson, Manners and
said to be a Semitic god,
Ciistdms,
I.,
and the woman
seems to be a Hittite or Cretan.
'
Cf.
"
We
WlNCKLER,
lind
Tell el
indeed
girl of
the prisoners to
it is
16).
Amarna
II.
Letters,
No.
1.
Dushratta
the Hittites and sent a hoy and
that, in the
repulsed an invasion of
= WiNCKLER
Le]isi\is.
xvii., xix.
women would
Nor need her women be
repeatedly seen in
is
woman with
angular harp, and the standing harp and lyre.
duced on a larger scale than the other.
quarters and
Egyptian
the
race
and that
(N. Syrian?).
The
house.
lute,
likely,^
their
vi., and Part III., Pis.
wear see Petrie,
they
which
cap
^
hung with musical
we must conclude that
women
This
mony with
was a prominent part of the duties or
recreations
from
the same
xvii., xix.,
^
this
have
IGG, shows that the Hittite
und Etiropn,
closets are
kinds,
Petrie,
^
III.,
and dancing, and the walls both
and the
instruments of
all
more than
is
with
royal or private, seemed
here are
for
girls.*
have already noticed that each
band of female musicians.
this
would be content
least
two small chambers opening
house, whether
That
should
own
her
of
is
in
great
too."
Akhenaten had taken
be natural enough.
divided into two suites of rooms which do not
communicate, each compi'ising a small
foreigners,''
probably un-Egyptian
is
whom
harem
the
of
and
it
doors.
hands of
diplomatic reasons would be practically a prisoner
The other and
I
in the
The
upper rooms.
the
given in Egyptian chronicles.
is
eastern wife
at their
larger building
;
hint
comprises a store-house and larder,
it
more
two self-contained
One contains two rooms
buildings are shown.
be
will
It
skirt.^
also in
at least
Now we know from the Tell el Amarna Letters
that Akhenaten had a second wife, daughter of
Dushratta, King of Mitanni, of whom no sign or
mythological sycamores sug-
the
found only
latter is
corner of the palace garden
a
woman
noticed also that the trigon and great standing
is
I
Syrian
Tliis
familiar
is
and known
In addition one
wears the flounced
seen to terminate on a mountain in the usual
way.
mere
the rooms below wear
of Hittite race
Syrian women. ^
are
separated by a vacant space where the sky
in
this
is
quite un-Egyptian, l)ut
is
men
to us in
it
pictures
Nor
of
more
the hair in an ordinary Egyptian mode.
eno;ravcd was that which
be
scene that could
mode
into one or
it
ends.
women
for the
ii('</li</(',
in the rough, the only part of the
still
by dividing
hair,
upper
in the
of botli houses have a peculiar
wearing the
the
in
women
It will be noticed that the
wall on the other side of the doorway, forming
in
OP EL AMARNA.
last
Amenhetep
xxxvii., too,
reign,
III.
(Knudtzon
17,
shows how probable
that there were Hittite and Syrian slave-girls in the
King's harem.
THE
For the
lirst
tiuie, therefore, \vc
seem
TO>r]?
have
to
evidence of the presence of Tadukhipa in AklictIn
ateu.
tliis
harem of the foreigners
left-hand picture, an older
with his
to be
21
admivaticm
his
artist
The Queen's
Benretmut, though
sister,
gated to the l)ackgrouud,
her father and mother honoured.
the lyre and lute.
seen,
panion her
In the adjacent room or story
woman
similarly teaching a
is
com-
their instruments aside, partake of
meal
a
to-
In the other picture, one of the foreign
gether.
women
is
combing out her
friend's tresses
;
a
Thk Courtyard
and
to
Two
much
the
same way.
one accompanying her own
are dancing,
movements on the
lute,
while two companions
bear their part on the lute and harp.
of the small scale
In spite
and the defaced condition of
the wall, the shuffling gait of the Oriental dancer
is
suggested as successfully as the lazy jaostures
of the eunuchs outside.
l)e
among
xxix.,
xliii.).
two
—Ay
fat olhcials,
and give one an impression of belonging
the same
been the
little
high family,
The
ease.
essentially
from the ink
may
as
Ay
of
face
from those
have
well
does not difier
in the entrance,
profile
three examples of
and but
on PL xxxi. From these
careful
work we may per-
haps form a true estimate of the capacity of the
Egyjitian artist for portraiture and of
The presence of the wife of Ay
where
The Balcony.— However wearisome the
tition of this scene may have become, we
faiiiuli,
to
Their faces are worked with special
the King.^
sound of a harp.
in
is
stand below the window to receive the l)Ounty of
care
amusing themselves
(Plates
his wife Tyi, attended l)y
third eats from a table, and others dance to the
Their Egyptian sisters are
her stnxngc
liy
She
the attendants on the left of the window."
while two others, laying
first steps,
accompanied
rele
also present to see
is
instructing two younger girls to play a duet on
an Egyptian
human
the
for
form.^
the
in
woman seems
OF AY.
else in the
tomb,
is
its limits.
here, as every-
very exceptional, but
repe-
her rank as nurse and tutoress of the Queen and
could
handmaid
of the
(?)
King
fully justify
it.*
Gifts
spare this representation of the Queen and
ill
'
her
mutually
daughters
little
For though such
another.
were not
j^ictures
The youngest
have been old enough
any completeness.
can sciircely
this
one
few have come down to our time
exceptional,
in
caressing
of the three
to
walk at
time, as indeed her lack of hair suecsests.
Meanwhile the parents themselves arc treated
as nurslings
of
Aten, "the Father," who
the
supports them
by
solicitude than
they themselves show for their
The
offspring.
and are
the
tomb
his
hands with even more
features of
likely to
all
are well preserved
be more authentic
of the Queen's parents, than
here,
in
anywhere
An
astonishing,
and indeed
of the representation
liave
is
a unicpie, feature
that the whole family
absolutely nude, so far as
we can
see.
One
with which
as
this,
King is credited led him so
but must suppose that he shared
the
Amarna,
Queoii.
I.,
ligs.
1,
is
13, for
The supposition that
been indicated in paint seems to
exception there
no sign that
coliiur
fail,
nude
clothing
since by
was ever applied
to
this wall.
Hay remarks here that the heads of these dwarfs have
been destroyed, " perliaps as being favourites." The note
is
pertinent, for their faces are almost everywhere defaced,
by accident. These servants, for whom ridiculous
and names are inxentcd, and their mistress, who
jjcrhaps
titles
stands apart without participating in the worship of Aten,
invite
comment.
Were
it
not for the evident youth of the
princess and her Egyptian aspect,
I
would have ventured
to suggest that it was Tadukhipa herself under an Egyptian
name, to whom the monogamous King would grant no
She would then be "the
higher title or relation than tliis.
queen " to whom the dwarf Er-nehcli had been jestingly
easily explained
can hardly believe that the reverence for reality
far
might
tlie
appointed " vizier."
else.
is
Cf. PuTuiE, Tell el
sculpture of
by
Her speedy disappearance would
tlie
The dwarfs' curious
bo
King's repugnance to the alliance
titles
might then have some playful
reference to their Syrian names.
^
cut
The stone on which the upper part of their bodies was
out or was removed, but by good chance reached
fell
the jSIuseum at Cairo
*
(I'l.
xxxviii.).
Tenre, as a favourite of the Queen, also has a prominent
place in Tondj
4.
Cf. also p. 5 above,
J
THE ROCK
52
are being slicAvered on
manner of
an
lie
proud
tlie
Imt the
pair,
from their nature,
their l)estowal must,
founded on
license, as little
artist's
TOI\rBS
fact as
nudity of the royal family.
tlie
case to represent those things
are certain in this
which would most
delight the heart of a liigh-ljorn and
they are wortli enumerating
pair,
:
wealthy
—
18 double necklaces of gold lieads, two at least
of
them
with pectorals,
fitted
2 plain necklaces.
no
collars,
5
doubt
threaded
of
faience
trinkets.
6
probably of the same
fillets,
4 golden
2 metal
cups,
(?)
two with a
two without.
(?) vases.
apparently
sion
(Negro,
to
the representative
Libyan,
North and South
Scribes
2:)reters.
follow
to a
group of
form an
to
of
(officers
An advanced
position
occupied by the acting scribes,
gentlemen of the
high-priest of
Nor do
and
who
is
necessarily
look strangely
do they
press, so eager
Then
Aten
One would suspect an
of mimes,
who seem
Eastern origin for them, since the most urgent
jester in a
Western
Ijy a
management
man
At any
us to think that
of position
of horses,
I'ate
Ay was
this
in
was exactly
the picture would lead
as he
is
outside
the
them on and exhibits
xxxi.).
Nor has he any
is
all,
the
A
place
also reserved for a
band
vizier.
perform the part of the
to
court, manifesting the public
opinion on the day's proceedings in comic gesture
and perhaps even
merry gibe or exaggerated
in
encomium.^
intensely proud of this
As soon
rare possession.
and
would be
the highest of
and the
(?)
including fan-
officials,
as
lastly,
in the front, however,
pictures.
the
Then
?) in charge of two small chests.
come bands of soldiery, including four standardbearers, Negro bowmen, and .spearmen from Libya
and Syria. The Egyptians (?) are armed with
what lof)k like sand-bags, but may be officers'
they, I think, reappear
Ay's duty.
officials
inter-
squads of
Treasury
We
the
then
escort
bearers,
need for them
Egyptian
and
and mercenaries, who seem
comes a group of high
have here, surely, the earliest repi'esenta-
Egyptian
their
police
12 pairs of plain armlets."
in
by
appear in the pursuit of their profession.
pair of gloves.
tion of gloves.
given
is
Syrian), accompanied
like
5 sio;uet rinG^s.
1
the back the two
The most grudging admis-
royal chariots wait.^
batons.
sort.
foot,
At
order of precedence.
in
foreigners
King
Since the gifts of the
OF EL AMARNA.
OUTSIDK THE CoURTYARD (PlatCS XXX., xliv.).—
was a pretty fancy
It
to
make
the Aten shed his
gates of the palace he puts
rays also upon the gate, as
them
enter even into the outer courts of the King.
to his friends (PI.
if
blessing those
reason to be dissatisfied at the impression which
Nevertheless two warders as well keep
they make
with whips.^
see
;
for the
and stroke them,
bystanders press round to
lift
up
their
astonishment, and are ready to
homage
to
him and them
arms
fall
in
wild
down and do
gates
he
;
is
Ay
is
seen emerging
loaded with jewellery and
the presentation gloves."
who
guard
from the
wearing
is
Servants follow him
indiscriminately.
The crowd within the courtyard seems
ranlced
^
The
top of the picture represents distance, and thus
probably here a position near the gates, which must have
'
I
do not include the
to bo a rejii'tition, though
there,
gifts of
Plate
some small
which I take
added
which Ay and Tvi
x.xx.,
tdilct vases are
hut I have reckoned the enllars
have already donned.
-
At
itself
(c-f.
III.,
xvii.).
Tliey may, liowevei', be represented
the rings mentioned
*
They are seen
=
Cf. PI. iv.
'^
Ay
appears outside with them on, and it is in
probahle that earrings and bracelets would be given
least
admitted a broader road than the artist grants.
above, though those
flattened on one side, like signet-rings.
are
l)y
distinctly
The whole
also in II., xxxviii.
;
HI., xiv.
of this group, together with
the cheering
saises further on, are only executed in black
collars,
gold, as also the
inileed,
ink.
The
however, liave been drawn in red ink to represent
arm-bands and the gloves.
have been coloured
hands are indisputable.
r>oth the latter,
solid red, so that the
The marking
gloved
of the fingers does
THE
Ciirryiug
the
presents
royjil
and
.sight his friends
tlic
greet
him
chariots are
men
tlie
of the patrol
waiting to convey
in
see
Three
Ay and
The
modating
his
where
ii]
platforms, two on each.
on three
two regiments, the square standards
fol.
1.'3.
emblem
form a sentry
By
the spectacle within, but
The
is
asks eagerly
my
their eyes
:
boy
?
"
!
The errand
" I will do
this
figures of
her
titles.
of
and
left
he
is
it.
:
"
You
being
jamb).
"
cries
;
Ay
and
(headless)
!
The
go see the loud rejoicing
mc
Behold
for
;
The boys
"
when
:
Lki'sius,
is
almost
wife, with
arc in even a worse state,
The
and prayers of
Ay and
lintel
Tyi on
down
the good thing Avhich Pharaoh (L. P. H.
Ay and
it
,33,
oi.
Tyi.
intrinsic interest of this toml)
is
generally
identical with that
and
Tran.slations
is
supple-
later career;
acknowledged
that
he
King Ay who ascended
is
the
This identification %vith
the King, on the ground of similarity of name,
wife's name, and the title " father of the divinity,"
tale
whom are they rejoicing ?
" Eise up and you will sec
railiant disc.
Akhenaten's successors.
;
of the
a friend sits
under the
throne of Egypt after the death of one or more of
taste.
and asks " For
able to reply
for
])ack at a run."
thoroughly to the urchin's
!
29814.
;
Moii. Jit ndtc
his
mented by our knowledge of Ay's
The news
"
figures
0.
sentry so quickly.
and come
is;
it
;
now remaining but
of the texts will be found on pp.
These
will see.
the age (?)
the second
GG
lintel)
door-framing
this
The jambs
showed the
"
have already brought a highly-coloured
is
tlic
din and
:
to the third sentry
is
fol.
cither side of a design formed of cartouches
this rejoicing
is
"
beauties of
mean, who
he
lintel
titularies
whom
" For
does not reach
to chat
29847,
38 (sketch of
xxxii.).-
only a few hieroglyphs and the kneeling iigurcs
going on by help of the street boys,
looking sentry ejaculates
city
xi.,
xxxi.,
keep in touch
they
!
I
(Plates
:— Hay, MSS.,
iC.'
ji.
each plat-
The reply is given
The
rejoicing is being made for Ay, the father of the
god, along with Tyi.
They have been made
"
people of gold
To which the very unsoldierly-
Hasten
!
destroyed, nothing
totally
who run to and fro and bring the news.
The sentry nearest the gate hears the
"
master
at the foot surviving (Plate xxxi.).
with what
the
[.,
on a cushioned fauld-stool.
sits
The courtyard wall has shut out from
are
my
be off and
I'll
"
the sun-shade add
is
to this a long but girt-up tunic.
made,
:
D., III., 105/, 107 d (lintel
lieiug
troops dressed in a simple hjin-cloth,
Ijy
while those whose
more boy-like than accom-
is
L'HuTii, Pa2)icrn,
d'Atoiiou,
borne
reply
Previous copies
They belong apparently
may
sack, tliat \vc
tlic
" Don't be long, (or)
Southern Doorway
the background are the military
six standards arc planted
and
'
being done for Ay, the father of the
is
keep them,
Still further
to
what
god."
friends.
posts,
23
" Look In the stool
uud at
lra}'s,
and prostrations.
clieers
witli
oii
T0M]5 OF AY.
"
new force and interest by the arguments which Professor Borchardt has brousrht
has gained
forward for giving to that
" father-in-law of the Kins."
I
:
is
!)
Ashet
used of the King's throne,
a rare word,
here,
has done for Ay, the father of the god, and Tyi
is
if it is
title
Ijut
the picture
not a slang
the sense ot
*
makes
III., xiii.
its
Thenfet
meaning plain
use.
The lintel is reproduced from the plate of Lepsius, with
one or two emendations from Hay. I have also thought
to get nearer the original by taking the head of Ay on the
outer jamb as a model.
' This plate seems to have
been drawn from the same
-
Pharaoh (L.P.H.
!)
loads of gold and
has given to
all
manner
them
millions of
of riches
!
"
The
boys are more fortunate than the sentries
leaving their duties.
We
see one
in
handing over
a bag and stool to a comrade with the words
:
not necessarily imply that the gloves were fingered. They
are more likely to have been undi\icled, as in the sculptured
examples.
.source as
mine.
BoKcnAuuT, Bericld
LVII., p. 254. iNIay it
*
d. Koiiiijl.
)iot
moan
Sachaischen Gcscllscliafi,
directly " father of tho
Queen," the heiress to the throne being considered ili%inc
in nature?
Tyi is not suckler and nurse of the King
{ib., p. 2G3), but of the Queen ; for as Nefertiti's name is
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
24
If the right to the tlironc lay with Nefertiti,
may
as her titles
must then have
indicate, they
passed to her through her mother Tyi, the wife
and
of Ay,
Amenhotep
III.,
that Tyi,
possible
is
it
(Jueen of
assumed the name of the
Ay, to
heiress to conceal her non-royal birth.
whom
Tyi was given
extremely imposing.
his
show that the
Tyi's titles
and must have been advancing
Bcnretmut, as
it
appears,
is
time
this
when
in years
by right of
to the throne
not
are
titles
have been very young at
pair cannot
Ay came
was probably
in marriage,
high birth, though
of
also
real
his wife.
If
their second daughter,
whom
her
train,
her separation from her parents in the
the Queen, had taken into her
must be due
picture
to etiquette at El
Amarna,
did not permit the children of the deceased
whi(-li
to be
sister,
shown on the
walls, nor
even their wives,
unless these had special relations to the Queen.^
Since
Ay owed
to his wife,
every
his special position near the
King
Tyi appears with her husband on
occasion,
and
when
even
he
receives
It
portrait of
Ay
wife's family as well
tomb seems not
be in disaccord with his features
King on
as
ern valley at Thebes,
if
we make allowance
new
conventional style adopted there
Queen Tyi
II.
at
Ekhmim
with that shown in
a face
somewhat
plain
in adoration of the
attached to the
office
however, distinguishes
nir{t) or ntrt{t),
the
l)otli
and worst
genial touch,
first
and
last
That love of nature, of bird and plant
tombs.
which the religion of the Aten exhibited, and
life,
Ay seems
on which
is
One
style.
especially to have fastened,
reflected again in his last
tomb, where the old
King, remembering past days and the private
pleasures of the former Master of the Horse, had
himself depicted, against the custom of kings, as
engaged
thoroughly
human
titles
2-
fe i ^ ^
in his
tomb
are
°
1' " l^earer of the fan on the
hand of the King,"
''^^
3.
Ay
^, " Father of the divinity,"
1
right
a
way.^
accorded to
1.
(1
sport in the marshes in
a day's
in
1 ffi
beloved
l)y
'
,
" Acting Scribe of the King,
him,"
both exhibiting
xxiv.), so the
(PI.
determinative of the Queen wearing the double feather
belongs to the word
his
to
whole Egyptian Pantheon, and
features of the Theban
" Overseer
and sharp-featured."
first
false
burial-place exhibits the stiffest
his
not to shl-l (Hay shows
of
/ JyJ* A^AA^A
all
definitely
For he had proved so
man
former faith that his few monuments show him
West-
harmony
which adorn his tomb, to the impressions
art
King.
as
and the head of
in striking
is
.xxxix.,
PI.
;
winning
gained from the liurial-chamber of the same
to
for the
his own, the
as
and the charming examples of the
of loyalty,
when he appears
the walls of his sepulchre in the
pleasing
thoughts of Ay's hymn, his exuberant expressions
The
in this
this
picture of the King's happy relations with his
honours from the King.
The
unpleasant to turn from
is
the horses of His Majesty,"
many complimentary
besides
that of n?[^,
epithets, including
'^Companion"
(PI.
xxxii.),
and
the double feather ijuite clearly in both occurrences of the
title
'
on the
r^ ft
lintel also).
The exceptions
(II., xxiii.,
and
IV^., xlv.)
occur only in
the
'
P ? ft
King"
'
1-'
"
^^^'^^^
^^ ^^^
(Pis. xxxii., col. 4
;
xxv.,
the shrine.
-
The head
reproduced in
of
Ay
as
lvin<,'
L., D., III.,
and that
11.") <»,
i'JG.
of
Tyi as Queen are
L., D., III.,
Companions of
ll.-. c.
col.
12).
CHAPTER
IV.
THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.'
Hymns and Prayers.
A.
HYMN OF
1.
South Thickness.
(Phitc
;-
foL 16
An
"
31(m.
da
PARKNNKFEIi.
South Thickness.
the
to
ascription of praise
[living
who
Aten],
men
live
(?)
every land with his beauty, at whose dawning
(and
;
Lord of the
the King,
to) the Jca of
Two
lives
on Truth,
Lands, Isefer-kheperu-ra-Ll^a-en-ra, giving
the Origin of Fate and Creator of Nursing, Lord of
Giver of old age. Lord of the term of
burial,
day of whoso vigour there
there is life and health.
At
prosperity.-'
is
life,
in the
ho grant a
life
happy
(?)
one
who
[and exit] in the house of the King and that his body be
For the ha
was a
child,
givest
thy favourite the King
Two
of the
Lands, thy child
him
life,
{sic)
who
in thine
Thou
thy rays.
King of South and North Egypt (and) as ruler of
Thou hast given eternity to
that which Aten encircles.
thy son, a
liim, even as thou hast made thy.self, (him)
(and
to)
of
the
King when he
Royal Craftsman,^ he who laves the hands
of
fulfil
with thy dura-
(it)
sun [Akhenaten] great in his duration
the chief wife of
who
may
that [he]
(?),'••
tion,'" the .son of the
;
the King, Nefer-[neferu-]atei*^
lives for ever
and
ever.
(AVheu) thou [dawnest] (and) illuminest the
[2]
Two Lands, thy rays" (fall) on thy beloved son and thy hand
Thy love is great and broad
holds life and pleasure (?).
".
favourite of the good god, servant of the
to)
hast established
[Nefertiti],
provided with favours of his giving.
who
Ilorakhti-Aten,
fi-oni
of the good [god], entrance
(?)
(and
;
on Truth, Lord
lives
part of thee
•*
O
King,
in following the
pleasure and joy evei'y day, (and as) the close of this a
goodly burial by the favour
29847,
;
ndte d'Atonou,
office of
[adores] thy fair face.
"May
/,v(,]
ever and ever
issued
sight of thee
(When) one awakes
12
fol.
,hi
liii.**
"[Praise to thy
f(jr
life,
107 o; Moii.
III.,
all
I.
who
.xv.).'
Hav, MSS., 29814,
:
14; Lepsius, D.,
fol.
illumines
(Plato
culte d'Atonou, I., Ixiv.
Previous copies are
lares the
(?).'
nVMN OF TUTU.
2.
28; 29847,
fol.
who
[For] the la of the Royal Craftsman, he
'
iii.).
Hay, MSS., 29814,
Previous copies:
"
liands (of the King), Parennefer
.
.
.
;
[His Majesty, Paren]nefer, who lives anew.
"
He
saith,
Two
the
of
'
Grant thy duration
with
life
to tliy beloved son.
Let thy rays be with
sed-festival.
and strength, invigorating
(his)
limbs daily
eternity in Akhetaten, propitiating thy
to
me
(?)
ing his
of the
1
[old age
Jca
Jca
in the] favour of the
daily.
editor,
and other broken
Grant
King, follow-
without failure in his beauty.
in supervising
my
texts, has again
translations of
made
so
many and
-
Whence
3
Read jR'''^^^'^.
*
Or
the restorations in the plate.
tioodest
'
I
As
the text in Won.
thought
dii
best to ignore
it
culte
it
d'Atonou
is
a collation,
in preparing luy own,
Lepsius.
how
A
strong
When
compaiison of our plates
is
will
the confirmation of the text
on the point of printing,
therefore
now
and
Hay and
show
presented.
I learnt of the existence
Mu.scum at P.erlin (No. 502), and, by the
extreme kindness of Dr. Ranke, one of the stall", I was
Though few
furnished with a copy drawn from these.
changes resulted, the assurance gained in a large number of
of squeezes in the
these
such
valuable contributions that both in this chapter and else-
where thev must be regarded as our joint work.
thou
;
obtained an independent text from the copies of
every day, a lifetime happy in seeing the Lord
Two Lands
The
happy
colours
Lord
Further him'
Lands, [Nefi'r-kheperu-]ra.
thy proud
in
sparkiest
(thou)
doubtful readings was of enormous value, since confidence
in a text is of almost as great importance as its actual
correctness.
Extant signs are printed in solid black.
BunASTRD has given a translation from
**
"
among
the favourites," readinj
in Bccords, II., p. 415.
'••
^^:z:7
(squeeze).
Surely an error.
One would have expected
'"
.'iS::^
nz:iJ
I
i:sriif
I
For the word
cf.
PI. xxv., col. 18,
Q
I
Read |
for
1
(squeeze).
his
own
copies
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
26
heaven and earfcli witli tliy beauty. Thy son who issued
from thy body, wovsliips thee and thou heaikenest for him
to all that
is
Aton
Thou
[3]
Two
tlie
proceeds
given as
life is
(to)
Aten, thy father,
;
like
Thou
Lands, N.
whom
that which is
and who thrivest even as he. I
hateful to His Majesty falsehood in my inwai-d parts is my
abnmination, as it is the extreme abomination of Ua-en-ra.
for I know that he lives
I present Truth to His ISIajesty
thereon. Thou indeed art lla, who produced Maat (Truth)
My voice was not loud (?)
thou hast set [9]
;
[The King of South and North,
on Truth,] Lord of
living
fulfillest it as it
him and niakest him
lovost
to
'
do not
though) thou art in lieaven thy rays arc upon
(for
;
liiui(?).'
and
in his heart,
from his mouth.
kheperu-ra]
;
hast
King's house, nor
my
walk swaggering
"
given birth to His JLijesty even as thou givest birth to
in the
tliyself daily
without ceasing. Thou hast formed him by
own rays, that ho niiglit fulfd the duration of Atcn.
(When) thou liaversest hea\en his eye is on thy beauty,
Thou
exulting with joy at seeing thee, tli(> living Aten.
in the palace.
thine
order to do violence to Justice on behalf of Crime.
favourest him
extent,
(and)
;
all
that are under heaven to
that see thy rays, belong to thy son
all
as thou hast
made them
may gladden
he
(tliat)
Lord
rays for giving light.
of
Two
heaven and illumining the
that
Lands, he gives
has created, he puts darkness to
lie
ledge.
his rays (so that) every land is filled
of the waters leap at thy rising.
places
they cleanse
;
of
labourers
do
kinds
all
All
men
in
rise
up in
their
have
they
for
appears, thy unique
who
.son,
[When
heaven
of the living
Aten every land
rays hold millions of
lord
thou shinest] in thy
(?)
for
.se(/-f(istivals
my arms
him,
his
.si^irit
" I
adoring him,
before
my
me without
his instruction are in
[7]
[unceasingly
his lord]
.
.
.
I
am
:
" belly ")
old age in the
'
My
So Hay; the
scjueeze
-
It
is
is
illegible.
Aten in
who
lord
[Nefer-
Perhajis
"upon
PI. xxvii., col. 3.
better perhaps to read .C2>- for <:rr>, with ILiy,
and translate " Creator of light."
' Cf. Pis. xiv. and xxvii., cols.
*
Cf. PI. xxvii., col.
^
Reading ^
-*,,
''
Or
"His
perhaps,
am
I
favourites
(?).
am
his
How
[13]
pro.sperous
"
(?)
thy favourite not be to seek
who
does
my fame may bo
firm-
(?) is
the King
!
tliat
hast done
(i.e.
may
it
;
may
my (?) name for
[14] "'How
(?)
named by
[mo?].'-
prosperous
offices
the offerings
the fame
be conspicuous),
that which thou hast done abide and be
each of his
after
thy sweet air of the North
I inhale
Grant me
may
[1 2]
Akhetaten
of
I
but
heart begs
i\ly
[goodly] burial
fragrant in the incense of the .service of
is
god.
me
the good pleasure of his father
is
ho
whom
thou rewardest in
'^
!
of the
Aten
in
Akhetaten,
all
scribes of the
whose hearts are expert in
serviccableness, every one who lifts the foot to walk by
their business,
this(?) [tomb]
The squeezes suggest that a cartouche
is
to be substi-
tuted for the doubtful hieroglyphs here.
» Or, " the King's Right."
Lit. "
^
'"
1
which
;
my
N.,
thereon.
a sei'vant [8]
earth" should be read, as in
clifl'
Maj^
wind
''
lives
know-
with
speak
I
the temple of
Akhetaten, the Chamberlain, Tutu, saith
on Truth, N.,
(lit.
know that he
.
his teaching
;
inward parts.
be satisfied with seeing thee.
King who know
Verily
The Chief Servitor of N. in
me
of
Thy
my god who
my eye seeing
inmost heart
?]
Lot
'
form
ear hearing his tones, and
[liy
my
truth to his Majesty,'' for I
lives
^
ceasing.
was a servant favoured
and
my
adoring His Majesty; for I
in
(lies)'"
founded on that which thou
thy son, who lives
Grant to me
my
lord guiltily to
the palace as
in
Lord
to thy rising.
on Truth, Lord of the Two Lands, N.,
fashioned and fostered me.
thou
[0]
trips
my
that thou wouldest decree for
when he
issued from thy body,
embraccst him with thy bright rays
of
their
.seen
life(?)
"
^
'
thy dawning,
the teaching.
[10]
do not set falsity in
I
;
awukenest the Two Lands at thy dawning in thy form of
the living Aten, their mouth is tilled with i)lenty of thy
their herbage.
giving
all manner (jf cattle [rest on]
Thou disporsest ills and givest health. All men rise at
;
....
follower.
(When) thou
tasks.
;
rose earl)' every
my
tlieir
limbs and take] clothing
[5] [their
the
day to teach mo because of my zeal in
performing his teaching. On no occasion was I found in
the teaching of the Lord of the
evil.'
[11]
Two Lands. I was precise and true, as the King knoweth
He
the denizens
;
On
The
with his love.
herbs and trees spring up to (greet) thy face
not receive the reward of falsity in
(?)
before him
and sends
flight
not
[I do]
to all
life
")
upon me. I have grown wealthy by the
I have been ennobled by the rewards
which he gave tome
thy heart
Dawning
-
laid
liounty of Ua-en-ra
by them, [4] [the Son of tlie Sun, li\ing on Truth, Lord
of Diadems, Akhenjaten, great in his duration.
"I have come with praise to the Aten, the living and
sole god.
command
his
even
;
broad
contrary I did Right for the King," I acted according to
its full
(?)
I did
(lit.
I
My
occasion was not found in any evil."
adopt Hay's reading
reading of the squeeze, as
it is
-f-
V\a, against Dr.
what one would
Ranke's
expect.
Cf.
xxv., 14.
" One would rather translate " all that
I
have done";
but see below.
4,
i'l.
."..
with Ha)-.
Majesty's Truth."
1-
Or perhaps simply
last sign is
"
The
from Bouriant's copy.
Supply
phrase.
" and be honourably named."
"O!
all
ye priests who offer" or a similar
THE RELIGIOUS TElTS.
the
say yc for
livini; Atcii,
He who
living Aten,
" Set
liiiu
liiiii
tn Eternity,
Thou
creates Himself.
O
Thou
[3] "
West Wall.
North
"
"
dti ciille
The Chamberlain, Tutu,
leadei-s
'
of
(?)
d'Alouou,
saith
I.,
lix
unto Aten, great ones
[who know]
scribes (?)
in life
(?)
and
old age, interment
Every one who
!
-
their
(l)
desires to reach
is
reward me
" he rose early ") to
because [6] I performed what issued from
(anyone) in any case of
(?)
mouth.
(lit.
!
I did not shelter
wroDg-doing
in
•*
any business
his ^Majesty.
[of]
was
[7] I
the supreme mouthpiece in the entire land, in expeditions,
works and
as to
[8]
crafts,
and
[of] all
the ambassadors of
persons living and dead
;
As
eternally.
made
Thou
(?).
thee
for
nounced their words to the palace, I being
[0]
every day.
I came out to them as the messenger of the
King, possessed of every rule of [Hi.sJ Majesty.
[I
I was first in
directed] [10] the work on his monuments.
my rank (of?) Ami-khent, being pure (?) for Ua-cn-ra
.
West Wall.
IIVJIN
South Side.
Previous copy:
PI. Ivi.
BKCONU
.
OF TUTU.
to Eternity
festivals,
°
caltn
with
child
of
(?)
When
e(iually
make
before thee and
Ra
fashions
openest thine eyes [2] the land (?) abounds with wealth
which thou hast decreed (?). Thou art the mother who
hast borne
bounty.
1
all
mankind and brought up millions by thy
Thy might
Supplying
is
a wall of brass of millions of cubits.'
^^ ^
^
See prayer above,
=<
Reading
*
EmendinL'
with
all
sets thee
as he rises
fashions as often
lord
every
Kush
land
[G]
(?).
^^
are Ijiought
who
Destiny,
of
Thou
breezes.
creates
Aten
against any .spoliation
by means
(?)
him there sliming
life.
They are
.
.%
.
All thy favoured ones see
(but) the sjioiler
(?) is
(doomed) to the
[10]
(?)
a nature excellent towards
Thou formest him
N.?
(?)
(?) ['J]
to Aten, he shines in
ordinance.
;
Sun,
tlie
As
of them.
according to thy
is
cattle
are full of wealth, abounding in
(?)
'-
the
to
it
water (?) therein.
Its fields
(?)
given
hasL
[8]
barred
in order that
all
men,
he may
I
with
(?)
....
fine linen
so that
in the
midst
of
measured with a rod
of six
by thy bounty,
(?)
the
(?),
fields (?) [II]
the body clothed
his house filled
.
.
.
one of a thousand [he ?]
in the barge .... he
(when) he
calls to
(?).'^
[12] He voyages
having a crew, provided with rudder (?)
according to the decree of the Ruler who establishes [men],
answers
sails
(?)
the son of the Sun, Akhenaten, great in his duration, and
the chief wife of the King, whom he loves (?), [13] [Nefer(?)•
I
col. 14.
'§§
^t^^^-
^
dn. aillc d'Aloiioa, I., PI. Ivi.
Mon.
to ci%;>.
Cf. xxv., col. IS.
Mon. du adtc
to
" dead,"
D ©
is
_D
perhaps to be
reail in iilace of V
%%
^^f O
—— —
d'Al<miM reads
**
or immediately following
it.
^ It is not clear whether the inscription ended here or
was composed with a view to filling the entire space between
this and the praying figure of Tutu, which affords room
The text seems incomfor about twelve columns more.
prayer.
nor
plete, as it contains neither praise
'
He
thou celebratest
;
kind of roast fowl (?)
Emending
5
[-5]
salutations [7]
the
thee,
and in which are
see
his
acclamations
;
length of days, N., a heaven which holds the living
[
thou
shalt
art
Akhctateu, they of the South
with them of the North. They prostrate themselves
the Aten, a living Ka,
lives.
thou
(?)
obeisances for thee to
trlTcl on the road
great of love, at whoso decree the land
tlinu
his nature
heaven to illuminate
in
is
beautiful in
is
exists
Aten,
[Syria] autl
I.,
and pp. 114-117.
[1] "
heaven
to
whom Aten
thou
and dawns
[He]
d'Aioium,
of
has created
as he
thou shalt be e\-erlasting
;
(Plate xxi.).
Boukiant, Mon. du
art
of
The
(When)
(?).
his nature, issuing (?)
[great] in his duration.
place of destruction
•i.
the
to
nostril" of thy favourites.
the foreign lands, I an-
all
....
that
(While) he
tlcsh
are
all
'^
whoso hearts
obsequies, (when) one
jjroper
hear for yourselves
him and he was quick
I followed
his
life,''
Thou (?) (art) [4] of
Thy limbs are ....
(?).
beloved Son
Enter ye my tomb
and see how great is that which was done to me. I was
a servant of [5] Ua-eu-ra, the Ruler who lived on Truth.
sated [4] with
Aten, dawns,
(exist)
business, [2] chief loah priests of the temple of Aten, jiious
are [3] expert
many
beauties arc
illumined
his
:
all })ersous, scribes
'
South and North?] N., a ruler
Thy
he, the living
(Plate xix.).
Side.
Mun.
Previous copy;
of the
colours of thy limbs arc like the rays of thy father.
tutu's addkuss to postekity.
3.
[The King
love, great of marvels.
"
'
the lands with lliy power to the compass
(iid)racc.>l
of the rays of Aten.
art eternal,
and likewise thy sou Ua-en-ra, who issued from his body.
Sweet breezes of the gift of the King's ka for the ka of the
Chamberlain, Tutu."
27
Cf. v.. PI. xxix.,
Une
"J
ji
(Mon.
iir
photographs).
" Read
^^
Reading S
'3
9.
Read r^"^
I^m
Cf. v., XV.
S:yil-
I
(D
(lb.).
'^
^^
du
cultc
d'Alonou
and
my
THE ROCK T0MJ3S OF EL AMARNA.
28
relate
How
.
my
(?)
heart,
iriwai'd parts
.salutaiy
unto a heap
my
[in]
in
.
.
O
eastern
as
Sun
the
millions,
[16]
Aten
he listens to Truth,
[1.5]
ye who follow him,
Ua-en-ra .... Truth
who
(lla)
listen to the
all
and the flame devours his
The Aten dawns .... thou seest Ka, rejoicing (?)
tlesh.
body
[18] the concerns of the
Thine eyes are uplifted
every one.
to
(?)
(?)
They have
[19] the body swathed, a distant people
.judges
whom
(?)
the Kuler
him be clothed
let
;
heaven to illumine every land with thy beauty.
in
rays (rest) on thy beloved son, thy hands [3] hold
millions of .W-festivals for the King of South and North,
who issued from thy rays. Thou transferrest
him thy duration and thy years. Thou hearkenest [4]
for him to that which is in his heart.
Thou lovest him
and makest him like Aten. (When) thou dawnest eternity
is given to him
(when) thou settest thou givest to him
everlastingness.
Thou producest him in the morning like
N., thy child,
to
thy changes
thou formest him as thy image [5] like
Aten, a ruler of Justice, who issued from eternity, a son
;
Sun who upholds
of the
the produce of his
Egyj)t, living on Tiuth,
beauty and conducts to him
his
King
the
rays,
Lord
of the
with
the chief wife of the Iving, Nefertiti,
"The
[6]
father of the god,
etc..
the living Aten, who,
[21] wealth, on which your
fame
establi.shed
is
and North
of South
Two
Lands, N., (and)
who
lives for ever
and ever.
[20]
(?)
him become an enemy among you
let
for
see the circuit
Aten
dawnest
O
the horizon,
and an obeLsance when thou
;
[17] he descends to the e.xecution
of
when thou dawnest on
"Thy
the
it
many
of riches as
horizon
teaching of
.
the teaching,' of Ua-en-ra, which I
i.s
on Truth, N.
.
[14]
have put (?) in my heart to do
who formed him
lives
" Praise to thee
[2]
living Aten, lord of Eternity,
....
.
Tlie Clianiberlaiii, 1'utu,
:
'"I
tliy
.
and ever.
living for uver
titi],
saith
;
according
to the decree of the Ruler, beautiful
clitt'
dawning
Every land
(with his beams).
Ay,
says,
'
Hail to thee,
in heaven, iloodest hearts
is
in festival at his rising
;
their hearts are [7] glad with acelamationr; of their lord
for He that hath created him dawns upon them.
(When)
;
in the resting-place
they
till
who
[him?]
like
.
.
....
[22] Syria
.
his
it
...
.
Aten,
[The
eternal, [23] Nefer-kheperu-ra.'
Chamberlain, Tutu,]
who upholds
.
are scrupulous for him reach
'
saith
iMy lord, sole one of Aten,
'
:
name, his son
[His]
His Maje.sty
IMajesty
my breath of life is to see him daily, Ua-en-ra, my (?)
.... daily. Thou .... my name (?), my .... of life
with wealth .... King. [2.")] He teaches me. Lo! I tell
The Kuler
is
Light
Lo
!
it
Alay he grant
the diukness
[Aten]
the
the rays of the
(?)
Wlien he
Ruler.
[2.S]
Nile pro.spors and watei-s the land
(?)
the fields
;
Aten
festival
me
with his wealth.
They are
in joy
;
(?)
rises the
(?)
are in
[29]
....
every despoiler
(?)
Aten.'"
5.
East Thickness.
Previous copies-:
15
p.
"
;
An
HYMN OK
aV.
,
who
I.,
xix., xx.
gives
(!ver
and
-
his
Mim.
A
ihi cidlr (VAtoiiim.
translation of the
own copy
Now
hymn
is
my
constituted
hn-d,
like
Aten, abounding
who
in
gives
to Egypt, siher and gold like the .sands of the shores.
The land awakes to acclaim (him), prosperous by his bounty.
<) thou whom Aten bore, thou art to Eternity, N., living
and thri^'ing even as he foi-med thee.'
lif(i
[11]
"The
loyal to the
father of the god,
King who
the Lord of the
lowed the
his
Travaux, xv.,
Two
etc..
fostered
Ay,
saith,
'
was one
I
him, punctilious towards
Lands, serviceable to his lord.
His
spirit of
I fol-
ftlajesty as his favourite, seeing [12]
beauty when he appeared in his palace.
inward parts
(Photograph).
for ever
and ever
that
being wise
falsehood was
;
Ua-en-ra,
Aten
like
multiplied for
my
ments and
lord,
and
my
my
was head of
I
character
;
thereat,
(for) I
[13]
and
gold.
relchyt.
(made)
he
He
understanding.
of silver
head of the
excellent
abomination
rejoiced
truly
me my rewards
chief of the great ones,
I was
My
achieve-
my
present
position.^
ever.
''
'
;
wealth, a Nile [10] pouring forth (waters) daily,^
knew
(of) the King of South and North, N., the son of the Sun,
A., great in his duration, (and of) the chief wife of the
King, Nefertiti, living for
lie
he embraces him
he gives to him eternity as a King like the
[9] Aten, N., my god who made me and fostered my la.
Grant that I may be satisfied with the sight of thee un-
my
D.\rkssv, liecueil do
adoration of Aten,
;
who
service-
(When)
heart of Aten.
heaven, he rejoices at his son
with his rays
was
the gi-eat ones, the companions of the King,* chief of all
those that follow His Majesty
He set Truth in
Pis. xxv., xxxviii., xxxix.
Moil, iht culfc iV Aton.oii
in
Him who
life
(when) he [27] dawns, he does his will
against him who ignore.s his teaching and his favour towards him who knows him. AVhen thou listenest to the
King ....
thee, the son of I'^ternity
able to him, gratifying the
ceasingly,
burial, [20] .salubrity, delight.
belongs to the Ruler.
him who issued from
issued from [8] Aten, serviceable to
dawns
[24]
you something worth hearing.
thy son presents Truth to thy fair face, with delight thou
seest
injured.
given by
in llcconh, II., p. 409.
Cf. v.,
ii.,
line
13, for this
and many other borrowed
plirases.
BitK.\s'n:i)
from
*
Or
"
Cf. v., PI.
" head of the companions of the King."
iv.,
and
p. 17.
Cf. p.
33
THE
"
[11]
'
My
lord taught
me and
(consists) in adoring his kn.
My
him.
do
I
am
I
breath by which I live
hi.s
JMy
teaching.
this
life
I
'
how
LIFK
prosperous
He
!
he who listens to thy teaching of
is
by seeing thee unceasingly [17] his
Grant to me a happy old age as
satisfied
is
;
eyes see the Aten daily.
thy favourite.
may
that I
Give to
my
of thy hi in
me
command
goodly burial by the
tomb, which thou hast commanded for me,
rest therein in the
mountain
of
and the sound
resting-j)lace of the elect,
Akhetaten, the
'
Thou doest what
is
grateful to thy father the living
I
(if)
reckons the
one measures (them) with a bushel
sea,
when measured by [19] zavcts
when hung in the
;'^
learns the tale of the mountains
or the feathers^ of birds, or [20] the leaves
King Ua-en-ra,
sed-festivals of the
with a royal length of
whom
who
he loves,
Aten with her
life
for ever
side of [24] Ua-en-ra for ever
in
(?)
;
as one
one
(as)
balance,
and
and
ever,
heaven
all
that
it
and
Two
of the
May
ever,
holds.
Lands,
she be by
even as heaven
Thy
father the
to protect thee [26] every day,
even
'
from [27] the surplus of thy father Aten, by the gift of
thy lea.
Grant that [28] my ha may be lasting and
thriving for me as when I was on earth, following thy ha,
whom
there was a procession* of honour
the resting-place of the elect.
rest in
it,
(for)
I.,
PI. xvi.
"An
my mouth
mentioned because of
it,
[30]
to
Thou hast allowed me to
held truth, my name was
as thou didst decree.
as every companion of thine, following thy
of
May I be
May I
etc.,
In.w, " like the
PI.
col. 6.
2
Mr.
lives for ever
and
that
Aten
is
within the scd-
encircles, lord of
Ateu
heaven,
Akhetalen,
in
(of)
the Sun, living on Truth, Lord of Diadems, Akhenaten,
great in his duration, (and of) the chief wife of the King,
whom
he loves, Lady of the
who has
Nefertiti,
Two
Lands, Nefer-neferu-aten-
health and
life,
youth fur ever and
ever.'
"The Bearer
of the
Fan on
the riglit hand of the King,
who
the horses of His JLojesty, he
all
gives
satisfaction in the whole land, the favourite of the good
Ay
god, the father of the god,
"
Thy
'
rising is beautiful
living Aten,
who
dispcnsest
the eastern horizon thou
Thou
[2], saith
life.
—
fillest
them
after
of
heaven,
O
(When) thou dawnest on
every land with thy beauty.
art splendid, great, radiant,
Thy
:
on the horizon
above every
uplifted
rays embrace the lands
to
the extent of
made [3]. Thou art Ra thou
their number and subjectest them
that thou hast
;
all
bringdl^t
(to)
thy
The lacume in this plate Jiave been filled up from
Bouuiant's copy, the extent of present gaps being marked
by a light outline and b}' broken lines of partition, also in
'
a few cases by dotted hieroglyphs.
admits of some distrust
in
The
text of Bouriant
badly preserved passages, but
it
must be remembered that we have no copy before us from
his
own hand.
The
text
is
discussed by
Solem, and a passage of
1901,
p. 53.
Petrie,
in
it
Breastko
(with
in his
Dc
Hi/mnis
in
revised text) in A. Z.,
Translations have been furnished by GiiiFFiTil
Rintorij, II., p. 215,
Literature,
p.
lieliijioii, p.
64,
and Library of
the World's
by Eh.man, Haiidlmok of Eijij-ptian
and (partially) by Maspeko, Strugijle of the
5225,
Nations, pp. 321-3.
*
Ay, living
here a play on the words mtn.w, " further,"
and mi
iii.,
I.,
South and North Egypt, living on Truth, Lord
Lands, Nefer-kheperu-ra-Ua-cii-ra, the Son of
of
Two
of the
of
is
who
all
King
d'Alonuu,
\;
should have been printed in the plate.
thy rewards after old age.'
the ka of the Bearer of the fan,
There
adoration of Horakhti-Atun,
lord of earth," lord of the house of
the
Arrlicdiogique.
culte
p. 30.
festival, lord of
lea.
anew."
'
Mon. da
in
xli.
3risnlon
and great Aten, who
'
"For
revised
p.
and
Plates xxvii.,^
Boukiant,
:
ever, the living
I
come secure
Thickness.
copy
and with her beautiful
as he has borne thee.
" Grant to me pure food which has gone into thy presence,
[29] one for
Tome
land.
of trees
[21] for the chief wife of the Iving,
[22] pleasant voice
stands firm [25] with
Aten dawns
TiiK Ati;n.
unites her beauties and propitiates the
hands holding [23] the sistrums, the Lady
Nefertiti, who lives for ever and ever.
tlie
Previous
Overseer of
Aten. May he set thee to eternity, (even) to eternity
May he further thee with scd-festivals in number' like the
sand-dunes
West
Ay.
of thy [18] sweet
voice in the chapel of the Benhcn.
"
JIvMX TO
North-wind, this
Myriad of Niles, pouring forth waters daily, N.
[15]
Grant to me a life e.xtendcd by thy favours. How happy
is thy favourite, O Son of the Aten
All that he dues is
stable and thriving, and the bounty of the Lord of the
Two Lands is with him to eternity. Such a one is satisfied
with life and reaches [IG] old age.
" O my lord, who establishes man, determines (his)
lifecourse, and creates a happy destiny for his favourite (so
that his) heart rests on truth and falsehood is his abomination,
29
in following
satisfied
is
PvELIGIOUS TEXTS.
number."
Griffith suggests that this
For the former word
may be
see
the cubic quarter
^
The word seems
*
Cf. PI. xxxiii..
to be
determined by a bird's wing.
East column.
in front of his figure follows immediately
name
upon the
end of the first column of the hymn, though in a separated
and narrower column. As the praying figure indicates the
whom the prayer is attributed,
the speaker, and the subject to " he sjiys
person to
I do not doubt, therefore, that the
col. 2.
of
of a licqat.
It will be observed in the photographs that the
Ay
Ay
point
is
Ay
"
attributing the
hymn
removes
to the King.
all
obviously
name and
are to be taken as a continuation of
of importance, as it
is
at the top of
col. 1.
titles
The
textual ground for
THE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AIMABNA.
30
beloved son.'
Tliou
Thou
earth.=
but thy rays are on the
and tliey watch (?) thy
distant,
Jirt
art in (tlieir) faces,
goings.
is
when he comes
"'(AVlien) tliou scttest on the western horizon tlie eartli
in darkness, in the likeness of death.
They lie down in
a chamber with their lieads wrapped up
(Though)
its fellow.
one eye seeth not
;
goods which are under their
heads be taken from them, they know (it) not.
[4] Every
all their
Cometh forth from
lion
the darkness
den
his
all
;
the serpents bite;
ambush (?).' The land
he who made them rests in his horizon.
(for)
(their)
is
(foi-j
in silence;
is
(When) he comes
from (within) the egg.
egg he can chirp with
"
How
'
might
his
all
forth from
it.
manifold are the things which thou hast made
many
as are aloft flying with their wings, the nations of
Syria and
Kush and
each
in festival; mortals
distinguishest the strange peoples.
and
arise
(?)
upon
stanil
(their) feet;
Their tongues are diverse in speech
even their complexions, are
thou hast raised them up.
They cleanse their limbs
arms are (uplifted) in prai.se
it
land
made them
"'Thou makest the Nile
;
(and) take [o] clothes
thy
at
rising;
Animals
of
their
;
whole
the
kinds rest on
all
performs
their
pastures
herbage grow green; birds ilutter in
wings (outstretched) in praise to thy
upon
leap
tlieir
ships, too,
thee
trees
;
their nests,
and
their
All cattle
spirit.
all manner of flying and fluttering
when thou dawnest for them.^ The
feet,
things [G] have life*
go dowji and up the stream
opens at thy
labours.
its
The
rising.
tish
(for)
;
every road
in the rivers glide to greet
thy rays penetrate the deep sea, creating (too) issue
in women and producing seed in mankind,' giving life to
°
;
the son in his mother's
stills
womb, soothing with that which
[7] the womb,
weeping, being a nurse within
his
giving air in order to put
When
his
into
all
He
that
womb
he issues fi'om the
birth,
life
has made.
the day of
thou openest his mouth duly
and suppliest
(?)
his needs.
"
'
A
young bird
egg chirps within the
in the
thou givest to him air inside
givest to
him
it to
impart
life
to
who dawns
variants
column thus
this
—0
far, see V.,
^
and
a
I
ii.,
beasts that go upon foot
md
•'
*
^
An
error
of
the
for
For
Q
v\
I
r
parallels to the whole passage
thy face."
Head
X
(').
'
The writer is led l)y the thought of the I'ays wiiich
penetrate the deep waters to the manifestation of creative
power in the recesses of the human body, where the vital
fluids
"
have their
woman " shows
analogy
is
based.
rise
and
place.
a
:
:
living Aten, rising, gleaming,
Thou
(?).
out of thy single
of the
all
that thou hast made.'''
but thou shinest in thy changing forms as the
;
self
—
becoming distant, approaching
make
didst
cities,
millions
villages,
day-time
men whose
aloft.
[12]
When
of
tiekls,
All eyes see thee opposite them.
Thou
formations
road
and
Aten
when
art
thou didst depart,
faces thou didst create that thou mightest
(?)]
own
self [alone
?]
my
heart, there
is
none
xxxvi., III., xxix.
«
Cf.
^
Literally
I.,
"on two feet"; but
The hieroglyphic
sign for
the simple an.vtomical idea on which the
this restriction is plainly
not intended.
——
see IV., xxxiii. (p. 29).
Lit. " to
'-
the wild
all
live."
I
Cf. IV., xxxii., col. 4.
art
(but) a Nile which issues from
;
(Though) thou art in
scribe
How
Thou
'
Cf. PI. XV., col. 2.
For the passage compare IV., iv.
Or, "all winged (insects) fly: they
!
Thy rays nurse every field
when thou dawnest they live and thrive for thee.
" Thou makest the seasons to foster all that thou hast
made [1 1] the winter to cool them and the summer heat that
they (?) may taste thee. Thou hast made the heaven afar
not see [thine
-
of Eternity
the under-world for Egypt.
a/^wvv
(2
Lord
Nile in heaven for the strange nations and for
all
the reading v\
O
thy ways,
which to shine and look on
<=:
of the daytime, great of
deep, moistening their lields in their settlements.
p.vcellent are
art one
for <::r> an<l
a
Aten
for them, the
Thou
which gives the
is
them, (as well as) the lord of every land,
" 'As to every distant nation thou makest them to live.
Thou hast set a Nile in heaven which descends for them
[10] and makes waves on the mountains like the great
river.
I
of
awe."
again
For
who
for thyself, their lord to the uttermost
weary because
and
thou
mankind, as thou hast
to
life
off in
his full form, so that he l)roaks it (the egg)
(For thus)
under-world and bringest
in the
at thy pleasure to give
shell, (for)
thou
a.ssignest
their natures, [9]
;
distinct.
him
;
Thou
the land'" of Egypt.
man to his place, thou suppliest their needs (so that)
man has his sustenance, reckoning his term of life.
" Wiien the land brightens, thnu dawnest on the horizon
and shinest as Aten of the daytime. Thou drivest away
darkness. "When thou .sendest thy rays the Two Lan<ls are
(for)
!
They are hidden from sight, O [8] sole god, to whom none
other is rival.'* Thou hast created them for thy heart
(when) thou wast alone, mankind, cattle, all manner of
animals, all that are upon earth going on foot,' and as
each
'
forth from the
he runs on his feet
;
'"
"
must be an error for
" The thought is of the sun setting in the far west as
weary of his task, but rising again in awful majesty.
'-
...
Emending
to
(I
V\ v
—
«.
•.
Oidy the heavenly Nile
(the rain) can benefit the desert-dwellers
and there
rivci- of
1^
Cf.
it
and foreign
descends in torrents from the
Egyjit, wliose source
Part IV.,
p. 29.
is
if
hills,
not traceable.
lands,
unlike the
THE RELIGIOUS TEXTS.
knowcth thee other than thy son, N. Thou hast
caused him to be skilled in thy ways and thy power.
" The land depends on thee, even as thou hast made
them
when thou dawnest they live, when thou settest
they die. Thou in thyself art length of days life is from
thee.
Eyes are (fi.xed) [13] on (thy) beauties until thou
" I'or the ha " (as above).
that
;
on the right
weal
the West)
(i.e.
dawning,
;
for the
(?)]
foot, since ever
Thou
are set aside.
laboui's
King.
thy son
for
uj)
falsehood
on Truth, the lord
lives
Akhenaten,
of diadems,
in his duration, (and for) the great wife of the King,
he loves, Lady of the
and
for ever
ever.'
Two
Lands, who
"For
Lord
Two
Tutu.
Previous
Egijpte,
obeisance
son
I.,
PI.
lii.
Col.
1.
Col.
^
whom
....
is
thy
South and North [N.]
For the
Col.
O
Jca
Aten, who
the
of the Chamberlain, Tutu, waalchcru."
have come [to] thee. My mouth holds Truth,
livest thereon.
son of Eternity,
the
I followed thy son
living
North, N.
Jlay he grant
me
and
;
I did
My
(?)
and thy ha before
(?)
himself
My
arms adore
Tliou art the breath
cliff of
thee.
"
is
it
like
For the ha
.
.
.
O
"
O
in
his
hall
of
the
of
His Majesty,
(?)
I
!
am
a servant
fostered
I
am
sated (?)
Aten, great of
Tliou hast given birth to thy son
(?)
to this early
photograph of Mariette's by
^^ilI, it
"
"
O
For the ha
(?)
....
to
me
of
^^ |^
1 '%^
the
sun,
Akhenaten
for
etc." (as above).
Aten.
May he grant
art satisfied with Truth
fulfillest his
duration
to the place every day.
it
thou hast issued
(?)
with
Alay he grant
(?)
Grant
etei'nally.
"
Inner Portal
a term of
O
;
living
Panel.
Aten
Plate xiv.
!
Thou hast assigned
(?)
as a favourite of his lord.
life
to
^
Containing a
restoration of the
injured
parts
Mariette's photograph.
•
;
my
in
etc." (as above).
son
Panel. "
Mariette are given on Plate xxxiv.
Suggested reading
thee
Miss
is
Another photograph of the
its uninjured state is given by Maspero, Striujijlc
Supplementary readings from
Nations, p. 329.
be hoped, appear before long.
of
Chamberlain, Tutu, maahhcru."
she listens to Ua-en-ra.
attention was
sight
unceasingly.
For
3. Tutu.
my
son of the sun, Akhenaten, [great
ever and ever.
.
Aten, who created
O
of the
from him; thou
to thee,
Porter, whose Index of published inscriptions
of the
on thy
great
the
son of the sun, Akhenaten
For the ha
Thou
After the completion of the plate
door in
make an
I
!
grant
"Praise to thy ha,
drawn
[to
(?).
pavilion
like the elect.
'
to thj'
thy.self
works
O Aten
Two Lands (?)
who njade me
duration],
Col. G.
Akhetaten,
resting-place.
"I have [come]
(?).-
He
Col. 7.
" For the ha etc." (as above).
Col. 4.
have come to thee,
issued from thee.
"
goodly burial in the
(?)
all
the Lord of the
his
ever.
eyes see thee unceasingly.
the true
" 1
in
daily
Aten, King of South and
" I have come to thee.
3.
reeejition of food in
He
" For the ka etc." (as above).
Col.
*
!
according to his achievements, Ua-en-ra, ruler of Truth,
for ever
do not
beauty.^
" [I]
2.
Truth
I
The son of the sun, Akhenaten [great in his duration].
Grant me thy bounty (?)
for ever and ever.
" For the ha of the Overseer of the silver and gold of the
*
Loril of the Two Lands [Tutu], )iiaahhcrii."
"
have
I
[come]
to
thee,
Col. 5.
O Aten I adore thy
living Aten.
"
Send
my arms are in praise (?)
O son of the sun, Akhenaten,
with his wealth
living
sole
of
hateful
is
O Aten
thy beautiful beams.
the ha of the Overseer of
Col. 4.
temple in which thou makest thine appearance every [day]
to give birth to thy son who issued from thy body, the
King
;
the commissions of the
all
have come to thee,
to
(for)
(?)
"For
;
"I have come with praises to thy rays,
(god).
Thou art eternal.
Heaven
2.
not insolent
Tutu, Maahlicrii."
the King, and the Queen,
" (Long) live the Father, Horakhti-Aten.''
:
lii.
Heidirn.
Door: Right Jamb. Plates xiii., xxxiv.
Makihttk, Voy(ujc dans la Haute
copies
18 (photograph)
Mon. ilu ciilte d'Atowm,
Titularies of Aten,
commencing
Aten,
Shoutku Petitions.
:
PI.
PI.
Lands, Tutu, maahhcru."
duration, grant a
\.
I.,
Aten!
living
am
I
the ha of the Overseer of
of the
"
B.
to thee,
do not] anything which
[I
:
Col. 3. " I
gi'eat
whom
and thrives
lives
D.
Lkpsius,
;
d'Atonon,
Akhenaten, great in his duration.
Grant
me] water (?) and air of the gift of the hii of the King.
thy body, the King of South and North, Nefer-kheperu-ra,
who
ciiltc
....
son
from
forth
"I have come
Col. 2.
who run upon
who went
siq/ra)
(v.
Mon. dn
;
has m.ade her throne in me.
settest
thou laidest the foundations of the earth,
thou hast raised
Plates xv., xxxiv.
]\IauikttI':
Col. 1. (Titularies as before).
bringest
[thou
All
Left Jamb.
:
Text, II., p. 14G (partial)
;
all
:
Previous copies
;
(then)
Door
Tutu.
2.
'
settest
81
^
Restoring
Readini
1\
^Ss--
O
*l»l,
^criTs.
from
THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.
32
" Foi- the
In
Lands, Tutu,
Aten
"
Two
of the
" Loul;'
live
the
King and
tlie
Horakhti-
^'^lthel•,
:
who
the Aten, his father, he
Lord
of the
Two
thrives and lives for
Lands, N.,
who
gives
life
:
;
Tutu. Ceiling of Entrance. Plate
North Border
" Jlayest thou rise in the morning
thine
in
eternal
"For
of
the Aten, the
PI. xv.
King and the
parallel to the opening phrases
is
given on the
—"
Nefer-kheperuof thee on the eastern horizon, until
the
life.
the favourite of the good god, bearer of
of
lea
the fan on the right hand of tho King, acting scribe of tho
of the god.
King, beloved by him, the father
Ay, living
anew."
4.—"
Col.
flourishing
of the favourite
hn
the
the
of
good god, the
favourite.
" For the ha of the favourite of the good god, bearer of
the fan,
acting
overseer of
etc.,
all
the hor.ses of His ALijesty,
the father of the god, Ay, maalcheru."
scribe, etc.,
long duration to
"
royal wife, Nefertiti, li\ing fi.r
(?) and to the great
Grant that I live in receipt of his bounty.
ever.
am a servant whom His ]\Iajesty fostered.
" For the hi of the favourite, etc., the bearer, etc.,
King
ever and
T
whom
:
give thee airs.
ISIayest thou raise thyself
his rays refresh thy body.
up and forget languor, and may he give life to thy face (?)
by the sight of him.
" For tho lia of the Chief Servitor of Nefer-kheperu-ra
Chamberlain, Tutu."
in the barge, the
South Border
when thou
the
lid
art in the true
(?)
Tutu. Ceiling
North Border (A)
make
chief servitor
of the
Treasury
tlie
Two
Aten
For the
(?)
(?)
Grant me a
thy
the King of
in seeing thy
fail.
of the favourite of the
lea
son,-'
happy
life
good god, the nurse
of the chief wife of the King, Nefertiti,
who
lives for ever
and ever, Tyi, mciiitl-lieru."
Right Jamb
As on the opposite jamb.
Cols. 7, 8.
Col. 9.
the
of
of
thou hast
Aten
lea [of]
Thou
filled
thy son,
King
of
South and North, N.
Grant to me food ofiered
thy giving comes on.''
"
xii.
(?)
—"
art beautiful, great, shining
"
"
the Lord
obei.sance to his
:
salute thee in the morning.
Aten comes
living
other knoweth save
" For the
Tutu."
Plate
of Hall.
G.
The
"
the
:
resting-place.
of the Cluunberlain,
no
South and North, N.
beauty daily without
follow Aten, like his favourites, in the
court of the hall of the Jicnben, and
—
G.
etc.,
living anew."
—
:
"Mayest thou
Ay,
father of the god.
Col.
Column
Mayest thou adore Aten and may he
j\Ud
(?)
so long as thou endurest
His ^Majesty endures, the son of the sun, Akhenaten, great
Grant thou that I follow thee as thy
in his duration.
Chamberlain, Tutu."
lain of
mite (VAtonon, L,
giving satisfaction in the entire land, the scribe,
eartli.
]''or
3.
Col. 5.
]\Layest thou
resting-place to see Aten (when) he rises.
even
when
thou wast
linen
as
purify thyself and take fine
"
Plate xxiv.
<ht
the
:
rays
—Titularies
at length thou settest in
xiv.
5.
May
2.
A
Grant a sight
ra.
;
"
1,
3Ion.
for ever
The West Arehitrave (B C) continues
"[Thou art] jn-aised, [0] living Aten, by all that thou
They adore thee, even as thou hast made
hast made.
all
them they live by thee eternally
gleaming on their
that thou hast created, made (?)
Thou shinest on me and, seeing thee, I live."
bodies.
"For
Col.
Col.
for
ever and ever."
on
Jamb
Queen.
:
is (like)
Left
Jambs.
:
:
inner door-jambs (PI. xxxii.).-
B).
There follows on the South Arehitrave (B E)
" The ruler is born like the Aten, stable to eternity even
as he, fulfilling the million of ssi ^-festivals which the Aten,
wlio lives and gives life for ever, has decreed for him."
The North Architrave (B D) continues
" She (the Queen) sees the Ruler daily without fail.
He
ever, the
Door
Ay.
7.
Plato xiv.
Titularies of tho Aten, tho
coiunKMu-iiii;
(A
Lord
tlie
cif
Previous copy
Areliitiaves.
Iiilrodiictkm.
Queen,
Cliainlirrlaiu
."
.
.
.
TuTC.
4.
lliP
cif
]''or
C.,I.
the
lea etc." (titles
Ijefore thee, until
an old age
as in col. 3).
10.— "Comes
the Chamber-
His son
these completely.
....
Lands, the Overseer of the
in
the
house of
Ateu
in
For the usual " within the house of Aten " these jambs
The agreement of nh
give "lord of the house of Aten."
-
[Akhetaten], Tutu."
South Border (C)
"
thy name stable to eternity.
to seek on that which he (?) has done
:
May
it
not be
thy
'
house
(?)
l-i(
the
of
in
....
of
the
Akhetaten, Tutu."
1
Cf. PI. XV., col. 13.
Loril
sliiint,
ations
(cf.
which
(jf
the
Two
encircles,"
is
here
made
clear
Pis. XX., xxvii., xxxii.
that the phrase
on the horizon wherein the King
" For the
Lands
with
is
by the feminine termin-
III., xvi.
;
V.,
iii.),
to be translated " lord of all that
and not "lord
of
Aten"
which follow suggest.
^
Cf. PI. xxvii., cols. 8, 12.
»
Kcadiu-
<=>
;
M
shows
Aten
as the parallel phrases
THK JIELIGIOUS TEXTS.
the sou of the sun, Akhenaten, great in his
that I be satisfied by seeing thee
unfailingly
Col.
11.
birth to
thou
Col.
lea etc. " (titles
— "The
as in col. G).
Col.
Aten comes, who himself gives
himself every day. The land is in fe.sti\-al
(?) when
living
risest(?)
thou settest in
the chief wife of the King, Nefertiti,
who
for
lives for ever
and
ever.
" Graut pleasure and joy
" For the
Col.
Jca etc. " (titles
of Ua-en-ra.
as in col.
saith(?) thy
Thou tlawnest to give
him eternity, that he may conduct the land to Ilim who
set him on His throne and cause the land to belong to Him
to
that
my
King
him, 2 the
of South
and North, N.
Grant
ka may be lasting and thriving, resting happily
(?)
Akhetaten.
in
For the ha of the favourite of the good god, the great
tutoress of the Queen, and hand-maid of the
"
nurse and
King, Tyi, maatJcheru."
Ay.
8.
Inner Door
66; Lkpsius, D.,
Left Side.
An
"
Plate xxxi.''
:— Hay, MSS.,
Previous copies
fol.
Lintel.
;
III.,
29814,
105/; D.
29847,
Text, II., p. 144.
ascription of praise to the
Aten and an
Two
Lands, N.
at thy hand, which
thou givest to him whom
The land (?) lives by thine enrichment.
fortunate is he who puts thee in his heart.
Verily he
life
thou lovest!
How
achieveth old age in happiness
" For the Jca of the favourite of the good god, bearer of
the fan on the right hand of the King, the acting scribe
!
whom
he
loves, father of the god.
Right Side.
an obeisance
"
An
to the
Ay."
For the /«i of
9. Ay.
Inner Door
D., III., 107 d (left
'
^
V
Jl
T
:
Jambs.
:— Hay,
Previous copies
1
jamb
9i)
(titles as
fol.
06
;
probably intended, but there
^
From
*
(L.,
ii.,
Lepsius, with a few corrections from
Hay.
Wrongly assigned there to the tomb of Parennefer
B. Text, II., p. 144). Hence the erroneous attribu-
Ay
at El
Amarna by
As this jamb is now almost wholly destroyed,
copy has been taken from Lepsius without altering
the false scale. After Plate xxxii. was printed, Dr.
others.
of
King, a companion groat of winning
('great of access to his lord,'
Berlin,
kindly furnished
the heart to him
(?)
col. 6), tlie
acting scribe,
etc..
Ay, living anew, saith
" I was one loyal to the King, to him who
fostered him,
scrupulous towards the Lord of the Two Lands, one serviceable to his lord, seeing his beauty when he appears in
his palace.
I was head " of the great ones (?), the com:
'
panions of the King, chief of those that follow his lord.
" He sets truth in my inward jiarts.
Falsehood is an
abomination.
I live by adoring his ka.
I am made content by seeing him.'"
—
Col. 5.
" The bearer of the fan on the right hand of the
King, beloved of the Lord of the Two Lands on account
of his achievements (col. 10, filling the heart of the Kim'
'
in all the land
'
the acting scribe,
),
etc..
Ay, maaklieru,^
saith,
O every one that loves life and desires a happy term,
adore ye the King unique like Aten, save whom none other
is great.
(For) he gives to you a life of delight, plenty and
'"
i"
Left Jamb.
Col.
7.
— As
—As
—
Col. 8.
there.)
'
"
in col.
1.
in col. 2.
(Titles as
Ay,
living
in col.
me with
save for variants given
3,
anew, saith
:
I was a favourite of his lord in every-day matters.
My
rewards were greater in each year than in its predecessor
because of the exceeding greatness of my excellence in his
the squeeze of the left jamb (135).
The consequent
changes will be found on PI. xxxiv. The few readiu'^s
adopted from Hay are shown by a tick in the margin.
Asterisks mark obviously necessary emendations but for
;
jamb consult
black.
Breasted
translation from his
^
For translations
"
Plate xxxii.
'
Hay marks
8
Reading
"
Plate xxxii.
Prof. Petrie
my
Ranke,
the god, Ay,
po.ssessing
—
solid
col. 7.
tion of two tombs to
and
was eminent,
I
the right
Cf. PI. xxxii.
Cf. v.,
'
the acting scribe of
;
the father of
;
Lepsius,
only)."
^^'^^
in col. 8)
as he commanded.
I heard his voice unceasingly.
The end thereof was rewards and an old age iu peace.' "
Col. 4.
" The bearer of the fan on the right hand of the
"
above).
Plates xxxii., xxxiv.
3ISS., 29847,
'
he loves
character,
successful in ojiportunities, contented of disposition, kindly,
desiring
'
following the ka of His Majesty, accord-
Col. 6.
has been a similar correction on both jambs by the sculptor.
2
saitli,
and happiness.
Ay "
His Majesty
maakhcru,'^
Aten and
" Praises shall be given to thee (when) thou dawnest on
the horizon until thy setting in life. May my favours be
steady every day before (?) Ua-en-ra until the coming of an
"
'
whom
of Eternity.
old age of his giving with rewards
(of
King,
the
fatness of his giving.' "
ascription of praise to the
Lord
;
Lauds
'
13;
fol.
obeisance to his beloved son. Lord of the
Long
Iving
1.— Titulary of Aten.
2.— Titulary of the King (in full) and of the Queen.^
3.—" The bearer of the fan on the right hand of the
the o\erseer of all the horses of the Lord of the Two
ing
.5).
12.—"
who made
Col.
(?).!
For the
"
Right Jamb.
Grant
duration.
33
'"
a copy of
I should
is
own
PI. xxxiv.
Extant signs are
copies.
of these epithets, see
below
to be corrected here.
the spot as damaged.
=^.
is
in
{Records, II., p. 408) has a partial
Cf. PI. xxv., col. 12.
to be corrected.
have printed
THE
:!-i
He
jiulijment (heart).
multiplies for
numlier of the sands
tlic
and head of the
Col.
9.
BeJchi/f.'
— (Titles
as
am
(for) I
"
TOMBS OF EL AMAHNA.
IU)CK
me my rewards
in col.
save for variants given
t,
Ay, iiianlcheru, saith
there.)
" I was truly accurate, free from
My
fame
the King, and for
insolence.
'
i-eachod the palace,' for serviceableness to
obedience to his teaching, performance of his ordinances,-
great in closing
or lessening achievements.
mouth
the
(?)
He
^
prays to him for a good old age, loving
Col.
10.
there.)
"
"
O
'
— (Titles
as
in
col.
was
I
prospers that
variant given
:
every one that liveth on earth, every generation that
springs up,
way
declare unto you the
I
ness to you of rewai-ds
name because
of that
Would
!
which
did
T
of life, I bear wit-
that ye might read
;
the living
Aten and ye
Say ye to him, " Give health
"
he will multiply rewards for you.'
life.
Av.
10.
Papierx, III.,
143
II., p.
Plate
Architrave.
Previous copies
"
:— Hay,
to the
shall flourish in
Ruler
Qris ?),"
and
the
who
a million of
l)y
whom
and
ever,
is
29847,
05
fol.
297; Lupsius, D., III., 105
6, <
;
;
"
Grant
me handsome
to
(?)
in the great cliff of
The
Two
has
chief
Lands,
at the side of
lives
burial, such as thou
For the
Akhetaten.
B. Entrance ; Middle Column.
" Prai.se to thee, O living Aten
to all that he encii'cles,
life
Jca
makest
...
of
Ay,
.
anew."
He dawns
!
who made
They
[flutter
?]
[to] give
earth and created
their herbage to give life to all that he has
made
His .son
Grant that [he] flourish
at seeing his rays.
he rises on the horizon.
.
.
.
the scribe of the
King, father of the god, Ay
C. Entrance
East Border.
.
.
.
"
.
;
Though thou
L'HoTic,
are [upon the earth]
lovest,
.sun,
who made
art in heaven, thy rays
Ua-en-ra,
'
who
thy
the son of the
(we.st architrave).
He
Ua-en-ra.''
B.
T,'xt,
in fa,ce
is
.s(;'r?-festivals.
he loves, lady of the
for ever
lives
this in its entirety.
Aten
encircles, lord of heaven, lord of earth,
and
living
Aten, who
great
Two
the
illumines
whom
thou
issued fi-om thy rays,
Akhenaten
" (Long) live the Father, Horakhti-Aten,^
and
for ever
the house of
Strong
'
bull,
Uplifting the
'
Name
He who
Two
lives
in
of
on
duration
ti-uth.
'
Lord
King
of
South and
Two Lands,
sun,
He wlio
on truth, Lord of the
of diadems,
'
Akhenaten, Great
in his
and the chief wife of the King, Nefer-neferu-
;
aten-Nefertiti, living for ever
11.
Mistresses
Akhetaten,' the Golden Horus
Aten,' the
Neferd^heperu-ra-Ua-en-ra,' the Son of the
lives
gi\'es life
;
beloved of Aten,' the
'Great of Sovereignty
North,
who
and great Aten, who is in the
Aten in Akhetaten the Living
ever, the living
.se(?-festival in
Horus
D. Hall
"
An
never
;
West
Border.
(PI. xxxiii.)
Ay.
and
Ceiling inscriptions.
Previous copy
:
Mon. du
of Ita when he dawns and gives
tomb-chamber
Mayest thou inhale the air of the north
with gi-aced life a
wind
May thy body
who
has
reached
old
age
with favours, a
favoured one
Thou
righteous one who has done the word of his lord.
wert chief among the companions of the King, and thou art
!
!
;
likewise the head of the glorified dead.
changing forms as a living soul (ha)
Akhetaten.
of thy heart.
Mayest thou take
in the noble cliff of
Mayest thou go out and
provided with wealth beside
Plates xxv., xxxiii.
I.,
PI. xxii.
thy god,
May
thy
tomb-chamber be in festival every day. Mayest (thou have)
an honoured old age (amalh') happy and in peace, and as
the end of this, [funeral] and interment, and proximity (?)
to the
King Ua-en-ra
was a servant
must be meant.
liuried
I
who
reads
bidding
in at the
JLay thy rank be proclaimed on earth and
mayest thou be
" I
Hay
Mayest thou see the rays
light at the mouth of thy
following thy heart at the time of thy desire.
should have been printed, from Hay.
'^^-^
!
ever."
culle d'Atonou,
O
thy beauty,
adoration nf thee
living Aten, dispenser of life
Lands.
"
He
.son.
" [Praise] to thee, the living Aten, the god
xx.xii.''
Jlf.SVS'.,
made heaven
hast
(Long) live the good god, who rejoices In truth, lord
of all that
'
who
which are therein.
(?)
for ever like thyself
Make praises to
'
(?)
Nefertiti,
my
earth.
"
him
wife of the King,
was true on
I
(for)
B(irder.
living Aten,
for his bi'loved
who
life.'
save for
5,
living anew, saith
Ay,
O
i)f
prolonged
:
(?)
West
;
" Praise to thee,
and the hidden things
"
not altering words
A. Entrance
lilce
chief of the great ones
;
(for)
!
whom
my mouth
does his teaching
liis
lord fostei'ed
held truth.
How
and
whom
glorious
Jlay he reach the region
!
is
(i.e.
he
he
the
necropolis) of the elect.
<
Where
read "East," not
"West"
other inscription differs from this only
spelling.
The two small
injuries
The
two points of
Architrave.
in
" For the ha of the favourite of the good god, true of
heart to him
who opened"
the heart to him, abandoning
are repaired from the
copy of Lepsius.
^
This double introduction seems to indicate a theological
Aten, who gives light
from heaven, and the Father, Horakhti- (or Ra-)Aten, who
distinction of the Sun, the good god,
dwells in the temple.
'*
Reading
.
Cf.
'
Cf. PI. xxvii., Col. 3
"
Readinjr
;
I.,
xxxvi.
PI. XV., Col. 2.
THE RKLIGIOUS TEXTS.
sin
'
who has
to do truth, a favuurite
favour, hearer of the fan,
E. Hall
etc.,
Ay,
attained th\is
fai'
with
iiKiolclwrii."
East Loider.
;
Mayest thou adore Ra whenever he rises mayest thou
see him, and may he listen to what thou sayest.
May he
grant breath to thee, and may he knit thy limbs. Mayest
thou go out and in like a favcjurite of hi.s. JNIaj- tliy corpse
thrive and thy name abide
for thy
ha.
Mayest thou inhale the air of tlie north wind. May
there be given to thee offerings and jjrovisions
mayest
"
;
;
thou receive loaves of the King's giving, bread and beer
and provisions for every shrine of thine. May thy name
tomb may each generation as it arises
Mayest thou rest in thy tomb of the
fare well on thy
call
upon
;
thee.
King's gift in the necropolis of Akhetaten, (and)
be made a
dtj
and beer
hrtcp setcn of bread
a.-;
may
there
offerings to
Mayest thou secure thine everlasting restingthine eternal mansion receive thee.
May an
ox draw thee (?) {i.e. to the tomb) may an cmbaluier and
thy ka.
place
may
;
;
a lector
(?)
(walk) in front of thee, purifying the (funeral)
bark with milk, their number being such as the King
Ua-en-ra decrees for a favourite whom he has jiromoted.
May
he bring thee to the resting-jilacc of the elect as one
who has completed
his life
with good.
wast
alive.
It
thee,
the
living
is
thy god
who
May
thy tomli be
thy plans when thou
in festival every day, according to
liath furthered
them
for
Aten, lord of eternity, and they are
established to endless eternity for a righteous man, free
from doing falsehood.
" For the ka of the favourite,
¥. Hall
;
etc.,
Ay, maahheiu."
Middle Column.
"An
O
adoration of thee (when) thou risest on the horizon,
Aten, Horus of the two horizons - Thou shalt not fail
!
to see
Ha
;
open thy eyes to behold him.^
prayest* to him
1
may
When
he hear what thou sayest.
thou
May
the
35
36
APPENDIX.
PICTURES OF THE PALACE.
we have
four plans of the palace with which
Till':
Plates
present the same conception of the building, and with this
two early pictures
or no trouble to effect
little
it,
but contracted,
expanded, or distributed his plans to suit the spaces which
other scenes
Hence, while we may expect to
left free.'-
the palace,
see all the special features of
them
we do not
see
It wt)uld be wasted time,
in their e.xact relations.
and extract from these pictures alone a
ground plan of the p.ilace. And, whereas the impression
which they create is of an elongated building,^ the plans of
of the private houses at
El
Amarna show
It is
2.
The Vkstiudle,
consisting either of a
room on each
side of the loijgia or a single corridor extending along the
In
entire front.
The space
is
PI. iv. there are
two columns
occupied by figures in PI.
(so in V., v.).
PI. xix.
x.xviii.
four columns in alignment, Plate xvii. five
;
has
so that one
is
tempted in these two pictures to see not the corridor, but
the side colonnade which appears to be
shown
in V., v.
(see below).
therefore, to try
most
porch.
similar in all these pictures.
Northern Gi'oup mainly agree.
of the
Yet so far was the artist from feeling himself bound to
show the exact positions or proportion of the various parts
that he took
The palace as depicted comprises
1. The F.\5ADH, including the loijgia and
to do in
manifestly endeavours to
xix., xxviii., are
iv., xvii.,
3.
(i
?)
The Banquictino Hall, supported on several columns
rows of two. Always made conspicuous by its three
in
entrance doors.
Men's Quarteks. (The men's and women's quarters are
shown beyond the hall, Imt on each side of it in
a square
and compact shape, in which the sleeping i-ooms and offices
are grouped round the great hall instead of extending to
generally
the
Hall, with two columns and containing two storeOmitted in Pis. iv., x.xviii. displaced (above the
clo.sets.
rear."*
Our only hope,
identified
therefore,
it,^
is
to find help in the remains
Professor Petrie
have
claims to
to that small part of
which he sees the harem
in
it
and architecture found within the
And
plausible.
found
be
resemblance will
of coui-.se
to
identification
the richness of the decoration
Store-ciiamiser, with ante-chamber (columned?) and
8.
A
little
words before attempting
to
bring the diverse pictures into
harmony.''
>
III., xxxiii.
xiv., xli.
-
into
'
The
;
IV.,
;
viii.
See also
I., xviii.,
xxvi.
;
II.,
III., xiii.
Such as
I
have shown
••
Petrik, Tell
^
lb., PI.
^
In
is
squeezed
PI. iv.
el
in PI. xvii.
Amarna,
Part
III., p. 30.
(cf.
IV.,
with closed door
following
Royal
viii.).
A Hall with two columns,
10. A grand Bed-room, the
through which we reach
ceiling or the
bed-tester
The room is proThe bed
the Northern Tombs.
being supported on two duck-columns.
vided with a ventilator in
round with shrubs (painted ?) in PI. iv.
A Dressino-room (?) consisting of a columned anteroom, bed-room (?) and bath-room (?).
12. A (columned?) Store-chamber, with ante-room.
is
set
11.
The Harem.
This, like the store-rooms,
is
shown
in
were a detached building set in a garden,
but elsewhere both are incorporated in the building.
13.
in
from the
It is decorated with shrubs (a painted pave-
PI. xxviii. as if it
'=[|-shaped design of Pis. xvii., xix.,
an oblong in
(or intervening space)
these apartments
Apartme.nts.
it.
more than an enumeration in picture of its
It will be well to do the same in
CoRRinou
shuts off
9.
is
1).
7.
ment?)
various rooms and parts.
ante-room leading to two
a second connecting door.
was anything but the palace or
has been said, the plan of the palace as given in the
An
(?).
STOItE-CIIAMIiER.
freely within the ruined building
an important part of
of space in PI. xvii.
6.
make
unlikely that this
economy
Dressing-rooms
and the royal names found
tombs
iv.)
sparsely-furnished rooms (bed- and bath-room
a sufficient
city,
make an
5.
of the
King, and which yielded the chief treasures of decorative
As
VI.,
;
loggia) for
but the group of buildings which he desig-
nates by the term "palace" rather adds to our difficulties
than removes them. If, however, we confine our attention
it
;
4.
of the actual building.
art
III., xiii.
14.
A
A
Saloon with two store-chambers attached
to
it.
similar set of rooms.
Pis. xxxviii.-xl.
xxxvi.
Plate xxxiv.
I
have given
rough diagrams of
the four pictures of the palace in this volume, the rooms
being identified by the numbers attached to them in the
followinar
list.
PTCTURES OF THE PALACE.
Tlie proposed grouping of these ap.irtmeut.s
afforded by the ground-plan of the ruins
by the diagram
clear
oa the basis
will
'
bo matle
this restoration of the palace
may
serve to indicate the didiculty or the ease with which eacli
above features of the pictured palace
of the
into the
fits
The
gesbed in any of the pictures.
when found,
walls,
were decorated with a dado of domestic scenes appropriate to
(PI. xxxiv.).-
The following notes ou
37
till!
room.
That the men's quarters should be reached directly
from the hall and separately, as here, seems most in consonance with the pictures. The arrangement of the rooms
4.
might
of course
be much altered
building thus restored.
in this section
The most striking incongruity is met with in the wings
thrown out on each side of the courtyard, and forming a
long corridor supported on handsome columns,'' with a
dwarf wall (?) on the one hand and a series of tiny chambers
on the other.* They might well be often omitted by the
artist as outside the scope of his picture, but we should
followed a symmetrical plan as far as possible.
The space between the men's and women's
8.
deeorateil with real or painted i)lants
this
depicted in V.,
v.
;
the artist has shown
was a
peristyle court on
remember
the servant hurrying from the store-rooms into the interior
in this court.
is
quite in keeping.
One would be tempted
1.
and place the loggia in an upper story over the vestibule,
were it not for practical considerations (cf. I., xviii.). The
corridor and banqueting-hall received light from above the
low walls of the loggia in the centre of the fa9ade (III.,
xxxiv.).
2. For the end doors of the vestibule see II., xiv.
The
number and grouping of the columns must remain uncertain.
3. The three entrance doors to this hall from the vestibule
are not
;
I adopt
'
it
(cf. III.,
Petrie,
In
xxxvi.
ih.
this restored plan,
the west side with approximate symmetry, inserted rooms
in the vacant space in the rear, enclosed the court,
the
front
and
vestibule,
(marked with notes
of
and pierced a few
interrogation).
numbered in accordance with the above
^
Petrie,
*
Tliey seem to
ih.,
added
doorways
The rooms
PI. vii.
me
to
ih., p.
15
;
cf. I.,
probable that
a tiny water-tank
still
If I
existing
bedroom are always in close
In PI. iv. the bedroom and
painted (?) corridor of PI. xvii. seem to have been combined
Yet we know that the room opening out
for lack of room.
The difficulty
of this hall had actually a painted border.
Either,
is that the room is only five feet broad at most.
10.
The
royal saloon and
then,
it
is
a corridor leading to the bedroom, or the royal
11. 12.
may
The other
roof,
as the ventilator
shown
in
indicate.
olfices I
have placed at the back of the
painted court, where they are quite in place.
They might
an upper story above the harem, for we know that
the houses of El Amarna had stairways, and there seems
a place for such a construction outside the harem door.
But the existence of such an upper suite must remain iiuite
lie in
hypothetical.
13, 14.
what
These two rooms confirm the tomb pictures some-
strikingly,
if
we
assign
them
to the women.''
But
the small size of the rooms (10 X 12 feet) is surprising.
It is to be hoped that the new excavations which have
been begun with such promise by Professor Borchardt will
throw additional
light
on
this interesting subject.
have served as store-rooms rather
than cubicles, and the paintings on their walls confirm
Petkie,
are
list.
is
proximity in the pictures.
several pictures
and though it is subject to the same censure,
provisionally.
The painted pavement is not sug-
it
The columns were overlaid with
bedroom was upon the
iv.),
viii.),
wooden columns, perhaps with
tiles.
may be
which can at the best give onl}'
a passable idea of the original building, I have completed
^
modelled glazed
doors at
VI.,
is
pictures give no hint.
mean
If the side doors could
the ends of the hall this would be more practical
xiii.
rightly, there
indicated by the ruins, and, of course,
forbidden by them.
the walls
This hall had also a painted pavement, of which the
9.
to take the pictures seriously
As
trees in boxes in the centre (Pis. xvii., xix., xxviii.).
the east instead of the west wing for pictorial reasons, but
of the palace
quarters,
were painted with out-door scones (resembling appar-
ently tho.se of the dado in III.,
it
have
round a tank or
the border of which was painted with plants.
also
pictures of the courtyard in the Northern Group.
however, we find
.set
I
free centre, corresponds perfectly to the court in the ruins,
certainly expect to see this striking feature indicated in
I think,
;
xxxi.
this.
^
Or they might be the lower
store-rooms respectively.
stories of the
harem and
39
INDEX.
INDEX.
10
PAGES
Foreigners
Future
6,
.
coiiceptii)ns of
life,
11, 12,
20-22, 27,
PAGES
Officials
:S0
rewarded
5,
.
Gloves
Gold
Graffiti
Mr.
" PTandmaid of the
Harem
depicted
.
....
ruins of
„
Harp
" Overseer of the Treasury
Head-dress
21,
33
Palace, pictures of
20, 21,
36
5,
3,
.
5
G,
20, 21
12, 14,
10^
High-priest of Ateii
Hittites
of otiieials
5, 12,
Hymns, composition
of
.
,
"
15,32
4,
10, 12, 19, 20, 36,
37
9, 36,
37
.
3, 18, 19,
designs from
1-6, 25, 33
j
„
tomb
„
wife of
1-6,19
of
„
Jones, Mr. Harold
Petrie, Professor
.
33,36
13
Play upon words
.
19
Porter, Miss
Kush
(see "
22
3
Jubilee (see " iSecZ-festival
Royal Family
").
„
afTectionate attitude of
,,
as divinity.
23,
,,
laudation of
18,29
,,
relations of the
10 12 21
2
21, 23, 24
.
.
24
Nubia ").
4,22
Loggia
10, 12
19, 21, 36,
37
7.
.
Mahu, tomb
of
Rays
14)
....
.
20
Restoration of scenes from former copies
3, 8,
19
Mimes
house
"
" Mouthpiece of the entire land "
Mural decoration
of houses
Royal family bestowing rewar ds
5
,,
walking out
,,
worshipping
20, 21
Musicians
5, 6,
11,
3, 5, 8, 9,
20
16-19, 23
Nekht-pa-aten
5,
4
.
Nubia
4, 12, 22, 27,
01
of royal figures
of the
Queen
24
"
.
34
4, 10,
19
1,
16
3-5, 12, 19
2
18
2, 5, 12, 15,
18
Scenes, subsidiary
1,
19
Screening walls
5,
13
Royal head-dress
,
.
7, 8, 10,
.
.
iSe^J-festivals
5,
12
" Servitor "
oo
" Servitor of
12
26, 28, 29, 32, 34
Sentries
30
21,23,32,33
25, 29, 31, 33,
16,
Sedem-ash
Nepurtiti, Queen
33
tombs
15,27
5, 6,
34
.
22
to
21
24
19, 23,
3, 4,
Ribbons
Roads
3,37
....
18-20, 23,
33
12, 28,
.
19
Musical instruments
Mutilation of the tombs
3, 4, 10,
4
.
Reproduction of scenes, method of
2, 8, 9,
" Mistress of the
Ay
BekJojf
4,11
Meryt.^tun
2
14
Maspero, M.
25, 26,
.
13
5,
26-29, 34-36
.
of sun, caressing
.
Major-domo shown
May, tomb of (No.
IMayor shown
11, 12,
Ranke, Dr.
Recantation of
Nurse
29
31
,18,21,24
(see "
Queen
Ra
"
.
.
Princesses (see " Royal Family
")
Libyans
Nudity
3,5
.
35
8
.
18
.
36,37
10, 18, 21
Jewellery
11
.
11, 12
.
i
33
15,31
Portraiture
Inset stones
29, 32,
Pavements, painted
20
Horns
Houses
18
11, 24
.
Para
Parknnefee
12
.
ruins of
„
36
.
15, 31
15, 31
.
Overseers of mercenaries
Overseers of soldiers
.
.
10, 19, 21
4
"
" Overseer of the horses"
29
King "
His Majesty
"
" Overseer of the silver and gold of the King
2')
2
of
King
19
2
GrilHth,
works
3,
.
52
22 28
11
.
.
.
" Overseer of all commis.sions of the
25-27, 29, 32, 34, 35
" Overseer of all
Garden dejneted
.
11,22
11-15, 26, 32
Aten
Shrines in tombs
.
.
11, 15,
32
.
2, 7, 8,
24
INDEX.
41
•12
TNTIRX OP OROSK REFEKENCES.
Part
1.
crmtinued.
Plate xxxviii.
is
xxxix.
„
,,
xli.
Part
Page
2
.,
5
Part
referred to in ir.,
;?o.
IT.,
11
TI.,
44
Page
2G; IV.,
III.,
;
TIL, 32
;
7
i.s
IV.. 25
9
v.,
referred to in III.,
1
HI.,
IV.,
;
2.
3.
13
TV.,
IV., 20.
21-25
IV.,
24
TV., IG.
3.
3.
„
6
TIT., 12.
29
IV.,
2.
"
"
III., 20.
30
36.
„
13
v.,
VL,
VL,
'
^^
III.,
15; IV., 20; V.,
IV.,
1.
TIL,
9,
ic
'.
2.
31
2,
28.
15; v., 31.
PI itc
IIL, 12.
..
17
IV., 4,
"
20
TIL, 10, 20.
„
24-26
\r,.
IIL, 20-23.
•'
29
v.,
.
33
III.,
1
9.
4.
TV., 23.
;
'-
35
VI.,
„
36
HI., 22.
42
TIL,
10.
5,
TIL,
36
35,
12.
v., 15.
:
1.5.
15
ri.
is
referred to in IV., 20.
8
3, 5.
IV., 29.
;
III.
20.
ii.
IL, 29
iv.
IV.,
5.
6, 20.
;
V.
VL,
vi.
IV., 5
vii.
viii.
VL,
VL,
ix.
IL, 20.
IV., 29.
VL,
;
4.
6, 20.
37.
X.
IL, 24
xi.
IL, 20, 23, 25
xii.
IV., 14, 15,
IV., 32.
;
;
TV., 32.
2.5.
xiii.
VL,
-.
45
TIL, 32.
xiv.
IL, 38, 40; IV., 32;
Plate
iv.
IIL,
xvi.
IV., 15;
„
vii.
9.
in., 15;
VL,
HI.,
1.5,
3,
VL,
1,
„
>,
„
ix.
IV.,
17;
29;
1,
18.
IIL, 32.
X.
xiii.
18.
18.
VL,
IIL, 3;
„
I,
TIL, 12.
„
xiv.
IIL, 28.
IIL, 10
TV., 5
;
;
VL,
36,
37.
>,
xvii.
IIL, 29.
>.
xviii.
IV., 16.
„
,
„
xix.
IIL, 22.
xxi.
IIL,
3.
VL,
24.
^^
IIL,
2.
„
IV., 29.
xxiii.
xxviii.
„
xxix.
„
XXX.
„
xxxi.
,,
xxxii.
,,
„
XXXV.
IIL, 5-7, 30; IV.,
9.
IIL,
4.
13, 22, 23.
,,
TIL,
,,
TIL, 10, II
„
-xli.
.,
IIL, 11
IIL,
13;
v., 17.
;
VL,
8.
xxi.
IL, 15.
X.XVI.
IL, 34; IV.,
xxvii.
IL, 15; TV.,
xxviii.
IV., 20.
xxix.
IL, 45
XXX.
IL,20,24-26; IV., 2,32,33.
;
VL,
1.
1, 6,
30; V.,
L
30.
VL,
xxxiii.
IV., 5
xxxiv.
IL, 18; IV., 5;
xxxvii.
IV., 29, 30.
;
VL, 20.
VL, 5, 22.
;
referred to in V.,
;
20, 36.
VL,
37.
7.
„
26, 27
VL,
28
v., 7
;
20
v., 7
;
ii.
v., 4.
10.
VL,
VL,
10.
10, 30.
,,
iii.
IIL,
,,
iv.
IIL, 18; VL, 30.
,,
v.,
17, 18.
vi.
IIL
II.
IIL, 10
XX.
,,
Plate
xxxvi.
xxxviii.
IL, 34
v., 16.
12, 21.
xxxvii.
xl.
IL, 36; IV., 15; VI., 22.
xix.
19
„
„
,.
xvii.
Page 14
3.
.,
.,
22.
Part IV.
,,
,,
VL,
32.
IV., 15, 32.
VL,
IIL,
VL,
xxxii..
Xll.Aj
„
xxxiii.
36, 37.
xxxii.
IIL, 32.
VL,
2.3,
19.
vii.
;
VL, 36
,,
viii.
IIL, 30; VL, 36.
i
INUKX OF CROSS UEFKUENCES.
Paijt IV.
Plate
PAliT V.
-contiriued.
is referrerl to in III.,
X.
'>,
v., 6,
xiii.
Pago
.'iO.
1-2
VI.,
1,
If..
30; VI.,
1.3.
xiv.
III., 27.
xviii.
III., 24,
XX.
TIL, 24, 28, 29
xxi.
III., 29.
xxii.
III., 28.
XXX.
XXXU,
xxxii.
;
VL,
v., 12.
)
v., 7
xxxiii
xxxiii.
;
VI., 10, 30.
Vr.,
3,
13
VI.,
'J.
„
17
VI., 28.
xxxviii.
v., 14.
is I'cferrefl ti
Frontispiece
13.
Plate
IV., 33
,
VI.,
3.
ii.
VI., 28, 30, 33, 35.
iii.
VI.,
1,
„
iv.
VL,
28.
„
V-
VI.,
1,
„
vii.
VI.,
7., 9.
xxix.
VL,
27.
Note.
— By
corrections
VI., 24.
19.
„
,,
v., 12.
3
„
3
xxxiv.
xlv.
4;!
moans
of this
Index
made subsequently may
of the series.
GENERAL INDEX OF TOMBS.
18, 32.
19, 36, 37.
many comparisons and
Ije
inserted in
tlie earlier
a fow
volumes
GENRUAL
ToMn
1')
(Suti)
.
IN1>F,X
O].'
TOMBS.
PLATES.
NOTE.
All
index to the
passages
(jf
the
will be
text which
found on pp.
are
explanatory of the several
vii., viii.
plates
EL
AMARNA
VI
PLATE
I
LU
Is.
a
z
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<
Eu Amarna
TOMB
VI.
7
(PARENNEFER).
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ill
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A, B, C. D.
mmy//////////;-;^/,..
Scaled
96
TRANSVERSE SECTION.
ELEVATION AND PLANS.
'<
)
1
li
fCfDUl
iP(
Si
ip
PLAN
Plate
II.
El Amarna
TOMB OF PARENNEFER.
VI.
Plate
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z
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t-
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El Amarna
Scale
l
VI.
TOMB OF
PARI
PARENNEFE
VJEFER,
W. WALL.
Plate
"^
IV.
El Amarna
Scale
VI
PARENNEFER.
THE SAME
WEST WALL.
((ontinuati'ui in ink.)
Plate
Vi
El Amarna
TOMB OF
VI.
7^-
y
(
^^
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^ ^^1^
^
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^
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ScaU
i
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cc^
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fe?;\>
THE
K
'ARENNEFER.
3 GIVING
EAST WALL.
AUDIENCE.
f
EL AMARNA
VI
TOMB OF PARENNEFER
PLATE
VIII
in
(f)
UJ
Z
o
X
:>£
h-
3
O
tft
z
o
X
H
X
ICT
o
EL AMARNA
VI
-T^OMB OF
PARENNEFER
WEST WALL.
PLATE
IX
EL AMARNA
VI
TOMB OF PARENNEFER
PLATE X
1
>j
El Amarna
VI.
TOMB OF TUTU-PLANS.
Plate
XI.
El Amarna
^
i|
TUTU-SECTIONS, ETC.
VI.
Plate
XII.
ai^«S4<^iEfJ<^P^ff^i!I^^!lPi^
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m
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El Amarna
VI.
TUTU-STAIRWAY AND RIGHT OUTER JAMB.
Plate
XIII.
«
li
|i
II
y
^
5f
^
o^.
\:
aa(D of
iz
locbes
TTT
U
Scale
Scale
i
I
El Amarna
COLUMN AND
VI.
f
^-"m?;^.%%%^
INSCRIPTIONS.
D-^t
mmmBmmm
^^\Msm^m*^yiiZ^H
nl
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ly
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^
^
41
N.
MID,
ENTRANCE
S.
-
CEILING INSCRIPTIONS.
^^^^^^§^^^5^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^.
Scale
i
;^
ARCHITRAVE
INSCRIPTIONS.
El Amarna
TOMB
VI.
<2^
n\
o
^~^
v5^
l^vi^SS^N^
Or
m^W\^
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VI.
TUTU NORTH THICKNESS.
Plate XVI.
El Amarna
Scale
VI.
TUTU.
WEST
THE KING RECEIVES TUTU
A"
ALL, N. SIDE.
THE DOOR OF THE PALACE.
Plate xvll.
I
I
El Amarna
VI.
TUTU.
WESl
ARCHITRAVE.
Scale
1
TUTU RECEIVING PROMCt
^ALL,
S.
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Plate XIX.
W. WALL.
ON FROM THE
KING,
N.
SIDE
LOWER
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El Amarna
WEST WALL.
TUTU.
VI.
S.
LOWER
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Plate X
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VI.
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El Amarna
VI.
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Plate
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VI.
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VI.
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VI.
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i
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Plate XXVI
J
El Amarna
AY NORTH WALL.
VI.
m
Plate XXVIII.
IX^
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Scale
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THE PALACE AND HAREM.
Architrave
El Amarna
VI.
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Plate XXIX
KING.
El Amarna
VI.
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VI.
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Plate XXXIV.
i
EL AMARNA
VI
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PLATE XXXV
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TUTU. SOUTH WALL OF HALL.
t?2^gi&.-ui«'--^^^*^*'?J^W
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PLATE XXXVI
EL
AMARNA
VI
TOMB OF
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PLATE XXXVII
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VI
TOMB OF
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PLATE
XXXVlll
EL
AMARNA
VI
AY.
EAST THICKNESS
PLATE XXXIX
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PLATE XL
^
EL
AMARNA
VI
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WEST THICKNESS
HYMN TO THE ATEN.
PLATE
XLl
EL
AMARNA
VI
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NORTH WALL
— >j-
I
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THE ROYAL
FAMILY.
PLATE
XLII
J
EL
AMARNA
VI
AY.
Lftcfr^Sfiif .'-•!. ;cjv-
NORTH WALL
PLATE
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XLII
EL
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VI
AY.
NORTH WALL
PLATE XLIV
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT.
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By Keiinaud
1898-9.
For
I.
Grunfei.i, and AuTiiuu H.
Willi 8 Collotype Plates.
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By
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and Index.
With
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Second
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Find:
Piei'ee Buildiuj;', (Jopley
;!7,Creat Rnsscll Street, London, W.C.
Square, Boston,
M.ls.s.,
U.S.A.
S.
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2002
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