Roof Plan Layout

Transcription

Roof Plan Layout

CHAPTER 23
Roof Plan Layout
R
O
D
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C
T
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O
N
The design of a roof plan is considered early in the design process of a structure. The designer will often draw a preliminary
roof plan to coordinate key design elements of the floor, roof,
and elevations, and to project the preliminary elevations. The
actual drawing of the roof plan for the working drawings can
be completed once the design has been finalized. To complete the roof plan, a drafter must be familiar with the correct
lines and symbols that are used to represent roofing material
and the type of roof framing system to be used. This chapter
will examine the lines and symbols that are used to represent
the roof shape, structural materials, nonstructural materials,
and dimensions. Roof framing systems discussed in this chapter include gable, hip, and Dutch hip drawings.
REPRESENTING ROOF PLAN
COMPONENTS
The steps to complete a roof plan include representing
the roof shape, representing nonstructural materials,
dimensioning major components, and providing text
to explain the required equipment. Each area will be
explored prior to the layout of the roof plan. Structural
materials that are used to build the roof will be explored
in Chapter 28 and Chapter 32.
ridges will need to be determined. On a rectangular
structure, the ridge is usually parallel to and centered
between the two longest walls. An alternative layout
places the ridge centered between the two short walls
of the rectangle. Figure 23-2 shows two options for
placing a ridge on a rectangular shaped home and the
resulting shape that would be seen when looking at
the home. Several options are available for an L-shaped
structure, including designs using one, two, or three
ridges. Figure 23-3 shows options for the roof layout
and the shapes that will result. The design that is
selected will depend on the desires of the owners and
the goals to be achieved. Keep in mind that the walls
parallel to the ridge will be parallel to the floor level,
and that the eave overhang will be useful for providing
shade and protection from the weather. The walls that
are perpendicular to the ridge are referred to as gable
end walls. The gable end walls form a triangular wall
between the top of the wall and the bottom of the roof
framing. The eave at the gable end wall provides no protection to the main portion of the building envelope.
RIDGE
RIDGE
IP
EY
IP
H
H
IP
IP
H
LL
H
The lines that represent the overhangs and changes in
roof shape such as ridges, hips, and valleys are drawn
with bold solid lines. Lines representing walls are drawn
with thin dashed lines. Each can be seen in Figure 23-1.
The text placed in Figure 23-1 to describe the member
is not labeled because knowledgeable print readers
know what each member is.
When drawing a roof plan, the first step in determining the roof shape is to trace the outline of the exterior
walls and all exterior support posts. Once the walls are
drawn, the shape of the roof can be explored. This
exploration of roof plans assumes that a gable roof is
to be drawn. To begin the drawing, the location of all
VA
Representing Basic Gable Roof Shapes
RIDGE
T
RIDGE
N
RIDGE
I
FIGURE 231 Changes in roof shape are shown with thick,
solid lines. The text shown in this drawing should not be placed
on the roof plan; it is placed only to aid you in identifying
ridges, hips, and valleys.
547
548
Architectural Drafting and Design
A
B
C
D
FIGURE 232 The ridge for a rectangular shaped home is usually placed parallel to the two longest walls. Placing the ridge
parallel to the two shortest walls will provide a higher ridge line.
When locating the ridges of a home consisting of
more than one rectangle, the easiest method to determine the shape of the roof is to trace the outline of the
house and then divide the overall shape into the fewest
number of boxes possible. Figure 23-4 shows two
alternatives for determining the ridge locations for an
irregularly shaped home. Once the structure has been
broken into boxes, the ridge for each area can be located
by drawing a line through the midpoint of the box.
When the roof pitches are unequal or the walls are to be
framed with different heights, draw a simple box similar
to Figure 23-5 and represent the desired roof pitch to
determine the location of the ridge. The elevation will
allow you to project the ridge location to the roof plan.
Once the ridges are located, the overhangs and valleys required for intersecting planes can be represented.
The overhang size will be dependent on:
●
●
●
●
The style of home to be designed.
The roof pitch.
The area of the country and the resulting natural
elements.
The amount of shade desired during heating and
cooling cycles.
For the examples in this chapter, a 24" (600 mm)
overhang will be assumed for all eaves parallel to the
ridge and a 12" (300 mm) overhang for eaves perpendicular to the ridge. Three guidelines need to be followed as valleys are drawn on the roof plan:
●
●
A valley will generally pass through the corner of two
intersecting walls.
A valley will always be represented on the plan
view using an angle equal to half the angle of the
FIGURE 233 Common roof options for an L-shaped structure
with designs using single and multiple ridges include (A) One
ridge parallel to the longest wall. (B) One ridge perpendicular
to the longest wall. (C) Two ridges, with the shorter ridge perpendicular to the longer ridge. (D) Two parallel ridges.
●
intersecting walls. Generally this will mean that valleys will be drawn at a 45° angle.
Three lines will always be required to represent the
intersections of valleys, ridges, and overhangs on a
roof plan.
The valleys and overhangs that result from applying
these guidelines are shown in Figure 23-6.
Representing Varied Ridge Heights
The distance between supporting walls and the pitch
must be considered to determine how the roof intersections are represented on the roof plan. Notice in
Chapter 23: Roof Plan Layout
549
RIDGE 2
BOX 2
BOX 1
RIDGE 1
BOX 3
BOX 4
RIDGE 4
RIDGE 3
BOX 2
EQUAL PITCH
RIDGE CENTERED
BOX 1
UNEQUAL PITCH
RIDGE OFF-CENTER
RIDGE 1 & 2
FIGURE 235 Roof pitches affect the location of the ridge. When
the pitches are unequal, the ridge can be located on the roof
plan by projecting the ridge location from a simple section.
BOX 3
BOX 4
RIDGE 3
RIDGE 4
FIGURE 234 Once the outline of the structure has been determined, draw lines to divide the home into the fewest number
of boxes. With the boxes determined, the ridges for each box
can be located. Draw several options and select the option that
presents the most pleasing roof shape.
Figure 23-7 that the shape of the roof changes dramatically as the width between the walls is changed.
When one roof is taller than another, the change can
be made by using a wall similar to the example on the
left in Figure 23-8, or by extending the lower plane, as
in the example on the right in Figure 23-8. Remember
that when the pitches are equal, the wider the distances between the walls, the higher the roof.
When the walls are equally spaced but not perpendicular, the valley and ridge intersection will occur
along a line, as shown in Figure 23-9. With unequal
distances between the supporting walls, the valleys
and ridges can be drawn as shown in Figure 23-10.
Making such a drawing is often a difficult procedure
for an inexperienced technician. The process is simplified if you draw partial sections by the roof plan,
as shown in Figure 23-11. By comparing the heights
and distances in the sections, the intersections can be
better visualized.
Bay Projections Parallel to the Ridge
If a bay is to be included on the floor plan, special
consideration will be required to draw the roof
covering it. Figure 23-12 shows the steps required
to lay out a bay roof. The layout of the roof can be
eased by squaring the walls of the bay. Lay out the
line of the ridge from the hips and valleys created
by the intersecting rectangles. The true hips over
the bay are drawn with a line from the intersection
of the roof overhangs, which extends up to the end
of the ridge.
Bay Projections Perpendicular to the Ridge
The process for representing a bay parallel to the
gable end wall is similar to the process just described
for drawing the bay parallel to the ridge. Use the
same layout procedure from the first two steps.
Since the roof terminates at the gable end wall, erase
all projection lines that extend past the line that
550
45°
VARIES
DISTANCE
RIDGE
VA
L
LE
Y
RIDGE
LINE OF IMAGINARY BOX
FIGURE 236 The ridges, valleys, and overhangs for a simple gable roof.
B
B
B
A
A
A
A=B
A<B
A>B
FIGURE 237 Although the basic shape remains the same, the roof plan and elevations change as the distance between
walls varies.
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A
A
B
A
A
B
B
B
A>B
SIDE ELEVATION
A>B
REAR ELEVATION
A>B
REAR ELEVATION
A>B
SIDE ELEVATION
FIGURE 238 When roof heights are unequal, the transition can be made by extending the lower roof pitch until it aligns
with the upper roof (right) or by allowing a gable roof to be formed between the two roofs.
represents the gable end wall. The finished layout
can be seen in Figure 23-13.
RIDGE
Roof Intersections with Varied Wall Heights
FIGURE 239 When walls are equally spaced but not perpendicular, the roof surfaces occur along a line, as shown.
RIDGE A
RIDGE B
A
B
B
A
A
RI
DG
E
EY
LL
VA
X°
Another feature common to roofs is the intersection
between two roof sections of different heights similar
to the home in Figure 23-14. Figure 23-15 shows how
an entry portico framed with a 10' (3000 mm) wall
would intersect with a residence framed with walls
8' (2400 mm) high. The roof pitch must be known to
determine where the intersection between the two roofs
will occur. In this example a 6/12 pitch was used. At this
pitch, the lower roof must extend 4' (1200 mm) before
it will be 10' (3000 mm) high. A line was offset 48"
(1200 mm) from the wall representing the horizontal
distance. The line that represents the 10' (3000 mm)
B
P
HI
1/2X°
A
FIGURE 2310 When walls are unequally spaced, a drafter
may be tempted to draw the roof as shown at (A.) The actual
intersection can be seen at (B.) Remember that each valley is
drawn at an angle equal to half of the angle between the supporting walls.
FIGURE 2311 The true roof shape can be seen by drawing
sections of the roof. Project the heights represented on the
sections onto the roof.
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FIGURE 2314 Many home styles feature homes with roofs
that have varied heights.
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
FIGURE 2312 The roof to cover a bay can be represented by
drawing the outline of the bay and the desired overhangs parallel to the bay walls (Step 1). Draw construction lines to represent
the roof that would be created if the bay were a rectangle. This
will establish the ridge and the intersection of the ridge with the
main roof (Step 2). Drawing the hips created by a rectangular
bay will also establish the point where the true hips intersect
the ridge. The true hips will start at the intersection of the overhangs, pass through the intersection of the bay walls, and end
at the ridge (Step 3).
high plate is extended to the line that was just drawn
to represent where the 8' (2400 mm) roof reaches 10'
(3000 mm) high. The valley between the two roofs
will occur where the lines representing the higher walls
intersect the line representing the horizontal distance.
4'-0"
LINE OF 8'-0"
HIGH PLATE
FIGURE 2313 A bay placed parallel to the gable end wall is
drawn using the first two steps represented in Figure 23-12.
The lines for each roof feature must be erased where they
intersect the wall.
LINE OF 10'-0"
HIGH PLATE
FIGURE 2315 The slope of the roof must be known to draw
the intersection between roofs built on walls of differing heights.
With a 6/12 pitch, a horizontal distance of 48" (1200 mm) would
be required to reach the starting height of the upper roof (6" per
foot × 4' = 24" rise). By projecting the line of the upper walls to a
line offset in 48" from the lower wall, the intersection of the two
roof planes can be determined. A valley will be formed between
the two intersecting roofs starting at the intersection of the wall
and the line representing the rise.
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Three lines will always be required to represent the
intersections of hips, valleys, ridges, and overhangs
on a roof plan.
The valleys and overhangs that result from applying
these guidelines are shown in Figure 23-16.
The hips, or external corners of the roof, are drawn
in a manner similar to that used to locate the ridge. The
hips represent the intersection between two roof planes
and are represented by a line drawn at an angle that is
one-half of the angle formed between the two supporting walls. Keep in mind that the 45° line represents the
intersection between two equally pitched roof planes in
plan view only. This angle has nothing to do with the
actual slope of the roof. The angle that represents the
slope or pitch of the roof is seen only in an elevation
or section of the structure. Drawing elevations and sections will be introduced in later chapters.
Dutch Hip Roofs
A Dutch hip roof is drawn by first drawing a hip,
as shown in Figure 23-17. Once the hip is drawn,
determine the location of the gable wall. The wall is
A
B
RIDGE
VA
LL
EY
H
IP
45°
IP
H
●
RIDGE
H
IP
●
A hip or valley will pass through the corner of two
intersecting walls.
A hip or valley will always be represented on the plan
view using an angle equal to half the angle of the
intersecting walls. Generally this will mean that hips
and valleys will be drawn at a 45° angle.
45°
IP
H
●
IP
H
If a hip roof is to be drawn, the ridge formed between
the hips is formed just as with a gable roof. Three guidelines need to be followed as the hips and valleys are
drawn on the roof plan:
H
IP
Representing Hip Roofs
FIGURE 2316 A valley (interior corner) or a hip (exterior
corner) is formed between two intersecting roof planes. When
each plane is framed from walls that are perpendicular to each
other and the slope of each roof is identical, the valley is drawn
at a 45° angle.
usually located over a framing member, spaced at 24"
(600 mm) on center. The wall is typically located 48"
or 72" (1200 or 1800 mm) from the exterior wall.
With the wall located, the overhang can be drawn in
a manner similar to a gable roof. The overhang line
will intersect the hip lines to form the outline of the
Dutch hip.
REPRESENTING STRUCTURAL
MATERIALS
The type of plan to be drawn will affect the method
used to show the structural material. Many offices draw
a separate roof framing plan similar to Figure 22-3 to
show all framing materials. Chapter 29 explains how to
represent structural members on a roof framing plan.
C
FIGURE 2317 Layout of a Dutch hip roof: (A) Establish the ridge and hip locations; (B) locate the gable end wall;
(C) use bold lines to complete the roof.
554
2 X 6 RAFT.
1
HI
8
STD ROOF TRUSSES
@ 24" O.C. - SEE
DRAW. BY MANUF.
HI
X
8
P
2
X
1
2
P
@ 24"O.C.
1 2 X 6 RAFTERS
@ 24" O.C.
FIGURE 2318 Rafters or trusses can be represented on the
roof plan by a thin line showing the proper direction and span,
or by using a schedule.
Chapter 32 will discuss drawing framing plans. If framing is to be drawn on the roof plan, the rafters or trusses
can be represented as shown in Figure 23-18.
REPRESENTING NONSTRUCTURAL
MATERIAL
Vents, chimneys, skylights, solar panels, diverters, cant
strips, slope indicators, and downspouts are the most
common nonstructural materials that will need to be
shown on the roof plan.
Vents
Vents may be either placed at the ridge, at the eave,
or in the gable end walls. Ridge vents can either be a
continuous vent similar to Figure 23-19 or individual
vents placed near the ridge. Continuous vents can be
represented as seen in Figure 23-20 or merely specified
in a note and not drawn on the roof plan.
Individual vents should be represented on the roof
plan as close to the ridge as possible, on the side of
the roof that is the least visible. The size of the vent
varies with each manufacturer, but an area equal to
1/300 of the attic area must be provided for ventilation.
Vents can be represented on a roof plan using a 12"
(300 mm) diameter circle or a 12" (300 mm) square
to approximate the size of the vent. On some custom
homes designed by architects, a specific manufacturer
and model number may be specified. For most designs,
the type of vent is represented, but the contractor determines the manufacturer, size, and model. If the exact
size and type of vent are not known, most offices place
a vent at approximately 10'−0" (3000 mm) on center
near the ridge, and provide a note to list the coderequired minimum areas. Figure 23-20 shows how
ridge vents are represented and specified. Eave vents
are not shown on the roof plan, but the size and spacing
FIGURE 2319 A continuous ridge can be used to eliminate
the need for standard vents that project from the roof surface.
Courtesy CertainTeed.
should be specified in a note. Gable end wall vents are
not drawn on the roof plan, but should be specified by
note on the roof plan and represented and specified on
the exterior elevations. This is covered in more detail in
Chapter 25.
Chimneys
The method used to represent the chimney depends
on the chimney material. Common materials include a
metal chimney pipe, metal chimneys surrounded by a
wood chase, and masonry chimneys. Common methods
of representing chimneys can be seen in Figure 23-20.
The Underwriters Laboratory standard UL-103 regulates
metal chimney pipes for venting exhaust gases from solid
fuel–burning appliances. If a specific manufacturer of
the heating device or the chimney is not known, a note
specifying the chimney to be “UL-APPROVED CLASS A
CHIMNEY PIPE” will usually meet the requirements of
the municipality granting the building permit. The metal
chimney pipe can be represented by a 14" (350 mm)
diameter circle to approximate the actual size of the
chimney. The contractor will then install a chimney to
meet the requirements of the manufacturer of the fuel
burning appliance and the UL minimum requirements.
555
24"
TYPICAL DOWNSPOUT
TYP.
13'-0"
MASONRY
CHIMNEY
CONTINUOUS
RIDGE VENT
24" X 36" DBL. DOMED
PLASTIC OPENABLE
SKYLIGHT
SOLAR TUBE
BY VELUX OR
EQUAL
7'-0"
13'-0"
12" Ø SCREENED
RIDGE VENTS
3- 24" X 76"
SOLAR PANELS
SUPPLIED BY OWNER
INSTALLED BY
PLUMBING CONT.
24" X 48" CHASE &
U.L. APPD METAL
CHIMNEY
ROOF PLAN
1/8"
UL APPD. CLASS A
METAL CHIMNEY W/
CAP
1'-0"
19'-0"
GENERAL NOTES:
- PROVIDE SCREENED VENTS @ EA. 3RD.
TRUSS SPACE @ ALL ATTIC EAVES.
- PROVIDE SCREENED ROOF VENTS @
10'-0" O.C.+/- (1/300 VENT TO ATTIC SPACE ).
- USE 1/2" CCX PLY @ ALL EXPOSED EAVES
- USE 300 # COMPOSITION SHINGLES OVER
15 # FELT.
FIGURE 2320 Nonstructural materials shown on the roof plan include vents, chimneys, skylights, and solar panels.
If the metal chimney pipe is located in an area where
it will be highly visible, a chase framed with wood and
covered with material to match the balance of the exterior siding is typically provided. The size of the chase is
based on the size of the chimney and aesthetic requirements. Masonry chimneys can range from a minimum
of 16" (400 mm) square, up to matching the size used to
represent the fireplace on the floor plan. Coordinate the
chimney represented on the roof plan with the size of
the fireplace on the floor plan, and the size of the chimney represented on the exterior elevations. Chimneys
will be further explored in Chapter 40.
Skylights
The location of skylights can usually be determined
from their location on the floor plan. As seen in
Figure 23-21, the opening in the roof for the skylight
does not have to align directly with the opening in
the ceiling. The skylight is connected to the ceiling by
an enclosed area, called a chase or well. By adjusting
the angle of the chase, the size and location of the
opening in the ceiling for the skylight can be adjusted.
When specifying skylights, the size and type should
be specified. If the roof is to be framed with trusses,
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A
B
C
FIGURE 2321 By altering the angle of the well (the enclosed
space connecting the skylight to the ceiling), the location in the
ceiling can be altered. Walls can be framed (A) perpendicular to
the ceiling, (B) with one side perpendicular to both the roof and
the ceiling, and (C) perpendicular to the roof framing.
the locations should also be given from the outer edge
of the gable end wall to the center of the skylight.
Dimensions are not required if rafters are used, since
they can be cut as needed to locate openings.
In addition to traditional skylights, round skylights
are available similar to Figure 23-22 that use a reflective,
flexible tube to connect the roof opening to the ceiling.
To specify a circular solar tube skylight, draw a circle
that approximates the required diameter. A specification
to describe the solar tube should describe the manufacturer, size, and other possible material specified by the
manufacturer. If solar panels are to be represented, the
size, angle, and manufacturer should be specified.
Roof Drainage
The amount of rainfall determines the need for gutters and downspouts. In semiarid regions, a metal
strip called a diverter can be placed on the roof to
route runoff on the roof from doorways. The runoff
should be diverted to an area of the roof where it can
FIGURE 2322 Solar tube skylights provide diffused light
without requiring a straight chase to connect the roof and
ceiling surfaces.
drop to the ground and be adequately diverted from
the foundation. In wetter regions, gutters should be
provided to collect and divert the water collected by
the roof. Local codes will specify if the drains must
be connected to storm sewers, private drywell, or a
splash block. The downspouts that bring the roof
runoff to ground level can be represented by approximately a 3" (75 mm) circle or square. Care should
be taken to keep downspouts out of major lines of
sight. Each downspout can typically drain approximately 20' (6000 mm) of roof on each side of the
downspout, allowing the downspouts to be spaced
at approximately 40' (12 000 mm) intervals along
the eave. This spacing can be seen in Figure 23-23.
The distance between downspouts will vary depending on the amount and rate of rainfall and should be
verified with local manufacturers. Common methods
of showing downspouts can be seen in Figure 23-20.
The saddle is a small gable built behind the chimney
to divert water away from the chimney, as seen in
Figure 23-24. Products that project from the roof
such as skylights do not require the use of a saddle.
The manufacturer of skylights provides flashing to
provide a watertight intersection with the roof.
H
557
H
L
L
H
L
FLASHING
L
H
H
L
L
H
H
H
L
L
H
SADDLE
FIGURE 2324 A saddle is used to divert water around the
chimney.
●
H
H
L
L
●
●
H
H
FIGURE 2323 The location of gutters and downspouts will
be determined by the type of roof and amount of rainfall to
be drained. Gutters must be sloped to the downspouts, which
should be placed so that no view is blocked.
●
●
Material that should be specified in local notes
includes the following:
●
DIMENSIONS
The roof plan requires very few dimensions. Typically
only the overhangs and openings in the roof are dimensioned. If trusses are to be used to frame the roof, openings in the roof must be located on the roof with modular
dimensions. Providing a dimension that extends from
the outer edge of an exterior wall, to the center of the
opening is the best way to locate roof openings. To properly locate a skylight between trusses would require an
odd whole number. Using a dimension such as 21'−0"
(6300 mm) will place the center of a skylight between
the trusses that are 20' and 22' (6000 and 6600 mm)
from the exterior of the structure. Figure 23-25 shows
how dimensions are placed on the roof plan.
ANNOTATION
As with the other drawings, notes on the roof plan can
be divided into general and local notes. General notes
might include the following:
Vent notes.
Sheathing information.
Roof covering.
Eave sheathing.
Pitch.
●
●
●
Skylight type, size, and material.
Chimney caps.
Solar panel type and size.
Cant strips and saddles.
13'-0"
13'-0"
28'-0"
19'-0"
24"
TYP.
24"
TYP.
FIGURE 2325 Dimensions should be placed by using leader
and extension lines or in a note.
558
STEP 6
STEP 1
STEP 4
STEP 5
STEP 3
STEP 2
FIGURE 2326 The layout of the roof plan should be done
using construction lines.
In addition to this annotation, the drafter should also
place a title and scale on the drawing.
DRAWING GABLE ROOF PLANS
The following instructions are for the roof plan to
accompany the residence that was drawn in Chapter 18.
The plan will be drawn using a gable roof. Use construction lines for Step 1 through Step 6, which can be seen
in Figure 23-26. Use the dimensions on the floor plan
to determine all sizes.
Locate the perimeter walls.
STEP 2 Locate any supports required for covered porches.
STEP 3 Locate the limits of the overhangs. Unless your
instructor provides different instructions, use 1'−0"
(300 mm) overhangs for the gable end walls and
2'−0" (600 mm) overhangs for the eaves.
STEP 4 Locate and draw the ridge or ridges.
STEP 5 Locate any hips and valleys required by the
design.
STEP 6 Locate the chimney.
STEP 7 Using the line quality described in this chapter,
draw the materials of Step 1 through Step 6. Draw
the outline of the upper roof, and then work down
to lower levels. Your drawing should now resemble
Figure 23-27.
STEP 1
Use the line quality described in this chapter to draw
Step 8 through Step 13. Each of these steps can be seen
in Figure 23-28.
Draw any skylights that are specified on the floor
plans.
STEP 9 Calculate the area of the attic and determine the
required number of vents. Assume that 12" (300 mm)
FIGURE 2327 Drawing the roof plan using finished quality
lines.
round vents will be used. Draw the required vents
on a surface of the roof that will make the vents
least visible.
STEP 10 Draw the saddle by the chimney if a masonry
chimney or wood chase was used.
STEP 11 Draw solar panels if required.
STEP 12 Draw the downspouts if required.
STEP 13 Add dimensions for the overhangs and
skylights.
STEP 14 Label all materials using local and general notes,
a title, and a scale. Your drawing should now resemble Figure 23-29.
STEP 15 Evaluate your drawing for completeness, and
make any minor revisions required before giving your
drawing to your instructor.
1'-0"
TYP.
STEP 10
STEP 9
6'-0"
19'-0"
STEP 13
STEP 8
2'-0"
TYP.
STEP 8
STEP 11
STEP 12
FIGURE 2328 Drawing the nonstructural material.
1'-0"
TYP.
559
TYPICAL DOWNSPOUT
STEP 6
STEP 1
LINE OF MASONRY
CHIMNEY. FLASH
W/ 26 GA. METAL
FLASHING
24" X 36" DBL.
DOMED PLASTIC
OPENABLE
SKYLIGHT
STEP 4
6'-0"
19'-0"
24" X 24" DBL.
DOMED PLASTIC
SKYLIGHT
STEP 5
SOLAR PANELS
SUPPLIED BY OWNER
INSTALLED BY
PLUMBING CONT.
2'-0"
TYP.
ROOF PLAN
1/8"
1'-0"
GENERAL NOTES:
JOIST SPACE @ ALL ATTIC EAVES.
10'-0" O.C. (1/300 VENT TO ATTIC SPACE ).
- USE 1/2" CCX PLY @ ALL EXPOSED EAVES.
15 # FELT.
FIGURE 2329 The size of the overhangs and the location of
all openings in the roof should be dimensioned. The roof plan
is completed by adding the required local and general notes to
specify all roofing materials.
DRAWING HIP ROOF PLANS
A hip roof can be drawn by completing the following steps. Although drawing roof plans may prove
frustrating, remember that lines will always be vertical, horizontal, or at a 45° angle. Another helpful
hint for drawing a hip roof is to remember that three
lines are always required to represent an intersection
of hips, valleys, and ridges. Use construction lines
for Step 1 through Step 6. Each step can be seen in
Figure 23-30. Use the dimensions on the floor plan
to determine all sizes.
STEP 2 Locate all supports required for any covered
porches.
STEP 3 Draw the limits of the overhangs. Unless your
instructor provides different instructions, assume 24"
(600 mm) overhangs.
STEP 4 Locate all hips and valleys.
STEP 5 Locate all ridges.
STEP 6 Locate the chimney if required.
STEP 7 Using the line quality described in this chapter,
draw the materials of Step 1 through Step 6. Draw
the upper roof, and then work down to lower
roof levels. When complete, your drawing should
resemble Figure 23-31.
STEP 1
STEP 5
12"Ø SCREENED
RIDGE VENTS
STEP 3
STEP 2
FIGURE 2330 Layout of a hip roof with construction lines.
Step 8 through Step 13. When these steps are complete,
your drawing should resemble Figure 23-32.
Draw any skylights that are specified on the floor
plan.
STEP 9 Calculate the area of the attic, and determine
the required number of vents. Assume that 12"
(300 mm) round vents at 10'−0" (3000 mm) O.C.
will be used.
STEP 10 Draw a saddle for any chimneys.
STEP 12 Draw downspouts.
STEP 13 Provide dimensions to locate any roof openings
and all overhangs.
STEP 14 Label all materials using local and general
notes, a title, and a scale. Your drawing should now
STEP 15 Evaluate your drawing for completeness, and
make any minor revisions required before giving
your drawing to your instructor.
STEP 8
FIGURE 2331 A hip roof plan drawn with finished line quality.
560
2'-0"
TYP. STEP 10
STEP 6
STEP 1
STEP 9
STEP 5
STEP 8
6'-0"
19'-0"
STEP 5
STEP 4
STEP 13
STEP 3
STEP 2
2'-0"
TYP.
STEP 11
STEP 12
FIGURE 2332 All openings in the roof, such as the chimney,
skylights, and materials to be mounted on the roof, should be
identified. The overhangs and the location of all openings in
the roof should be dimensioned.
DRAWING DUTCH HIP ROOF PLANS
A Dutch hip roof can be drawn by completing the following steps. Use construction lines for Step 1 through
Step 6. Each step can be seen in Figure 23-34. Use the
dimensions on the floor plan to determine all sizes.
STEP 2 Locate supports required for any covered porches.
STEP 1
LINE OF MASONRY
CHIMNEY. FLASH
W/ 26 GA. METAL
FLASHING
2'-0"
TYP.
TYPICAL DOWNSPOUT
24" X 36" DBL.
DOMED PLASTIC
OPENABLE
SKYLIGHT
24" X 24" DBL.
DOMED
PLASTIC
SKYLIGHT
6'-0"
19'-0"
2'-0"
TYP.
ROOF
1/8"
PLAN
1'-0"
FIGURE 2334 The layout of a Dutch hip roof plan should be
done with construction lines.
Locate the limits of the overhangs. Unless your
instructor provides different instructions, assume
24" (600 mm) overhangs for eaves and 12" (300 mm)
at gable end walls.
STEP 4 Locate and draw all hips, valleys, and Dutch
hip locations. Hips and valleys are located by using
methods used to draw a hip roof. The location of
a Dutch hip is determined by the framing method.
Chapter 30 will explain framing considerations
that can affect the location of the Dutch hip gable
end walls.
STEP 5 Locate and draw all ridges.
STEP 6 Locate the chimney if required.
STEP 7 Using line quality described in this chapter, draw
the materials of Step 1 through Step 6. Draw the
upper roof, and then work down to lower roof levels.
When complete, your drawing should resemble
Figure 23-35.
STEP 3
12" SCREENED
RIDGE VENTS
3- 24" X 76" SOLAR PANELS
SUPPLIED BY OWNER
INSTALLED BY PLUMBING CONT.
GENERAL NOTES:
10'-0" O.C.
15 # FELT.
FIGURE 2333 The roof plan is completed by adding the
required local and general notes to specify all roofing materials.
FIGURE 2335 A Dutch hip roof plan drawn with finished line
quality.
561
2'-0"
TYP.
6'-0"
TYP.
1'-0"
TYP.
2'-0"
TYP.
LINE OF MASONRY
CHIMNEY. FLASH
W/ 26 GA. METAL
FLASHING
TYPICAL DOWNSPOUT
1'-0"
TYP.
6'-0"
TYP.
STEP 10
24" X 36" DBL.
DOMED PLASTIC
OPENABLE
SKYLIGHT
STEP 9
19'-0"
6'-0"
STEP 8
19'-0"
6'-0"
24" X 24" DBL.
DOMED PLASTIC
SKYLIGHT
STEP 13
STEP 11
2'-0"
TYP.
STEP 12
FIGURE 2336 All openings in the roof, such as the chimney,
skylights, and materials to be mounted on the roof, should be
identified. The overhangs and the locations of all openings in
the roof should be dimensioned.
Step 8 through Step 13. When complete, your drawing
should resemble Figure 23-36.
Draw any skylights that are specified on the
floor plan.
STEP 9 Calculate the area of the attic and determine
the required number of vents. Assume that 12"
(300 mm) round vents at 10'−0" O.C. will be used.
STEP 10 Draw a saddle for any chimneys.
STEP 12 Draw downspouts.
STEP 8
2'-0"
TYP.
ROOF
1/8"
PLAN
1'-0"
3- 24" X 76" SOLAR PANELS
SUPPLIED BY OWNER
INSTALLED BY PLUMBING CONT.
GENERAL NOTES:
10'-0" O.C.
15 # FELT.
FIGURE 2337 The roof plan is completed by adding the
required local and general notes to specify all roofing materials.
Provide dimensions to locate any roof openings
and all overhangs.
STEP 14 Label all materials using local and general
notes, a title, and a scale. Your drawing should now
STEP 15 Evaluate your drawing for completeness and
make any minor revisions required before giving it
to your instructor.
STEP 13
CADD APPLICATIONS
Drawing Roof Plans with CADD
A roof plan can be drawn using a CADD program
following procedures similar to those used for a
manual drawing. The drawing can be created in the
file containing the floor plan.
Start by freezing all floor plan material except the
exterior walls, fireplace, and skylights. Create layers
to contain the roof plan using the ROOF prefix. Layer
names such as ROOF WALL, ROOF LINE, ROOF OUTL,
ROOF ANNO, ROOF DIMN, or layer names based on
the NCS should be used to keep the roof information
separate from the floor plan information and to ease
plotting. Draw the outline of the residence on the ROOF
WALL layer by tracing the outline of the walls on the
floor plan, and then freeze the walls of the floor plan.
The plan can now be completed using the appropriate
step-by-step process for the required roof type. Using
the OFFSET command, the lines that represent the walls
can be placed to represent the roof outline. Once in the
proper position, the PROPERTIES command can be used
to assign the lines to the appropriate layer, and to assign
the required line weight and line type. Figure 23-38 is an
example of a roof plan drawn by CADD. When the roof
562
CADD APPLICATIONS
plan is completed, a copy can be saved as a BLOCK with
a title ROOF. This drawing eventually can be inserted
into and plotted with the drawing file that will contain
the elevations. To ease development of the elevations
of a structure, a copy of the roof plan is usually left as an
overlay of the FLOOR drawing file. ■
NAIL FIRST SHEET OF ROOF SHEATHING ALONG BACK
WALL W/ 8d @ 4" O.C. AT EDGE AND BLOCKING AND 8" O.C.
@ FIELD FOR ENTIRE WALL
8'-0" PLATE
TYPICAL DOWNSPOUT
DO NOT CONNECT TO
FOUNDATION DRAINS
2 X 12 RAFT. / C.J.
SEE FRAMING PLANS FOR SPACING
INSULATE W/ 10| BATTS R-38
8'-0" PLATE
8'-0" PLATE
SCREENED RIDGE VENTS
@ EA. 3rd RAFTER SPACE
AT VAULTED CEILINGS. NOTCH
RAFTERS ABOVE INSULATION FOR
AIR FLOW.
8'-0" PLATE
USE A-34 ANCHORS
S AT EACH
RAFTER TAIL TO RIDGE
D
BEAMS
AT ALL RIDGES
INSULATE FLAT CEILINGS W/
12" BATTS R-38
OPEN SPACE
BTWN. BMS
@ COURTYARD
8'-0" PLATE
ROOF
1/8"
PLAN
1'-0"
6'-8" PLATE
BEAMS @ 32" O.C.
@ ENTRY
PROVIDE AN ALT. BID FOR 1 X 6
T & G ROOF DECKING AT EXPOSED
EAVES AT ENTRY AND COURTYARD
1. ROOFING TO BE CONC. CLASSIC '100 ROOF TILES
BY MONIER OR EQUAL INSTALLED AS PER MANUF. SPECS
2. 1/2" STD GRADE PLY. 32/16 SHEATHING
LAID PERP. TO RAFT. NAIL W/ 8d @ 6" O.C.AT EDGES
AND 12" O.C. @ FIELD
3. PROVIDE SCREENED VENTS AT EACH 3rd JOIST SPACE
SPACE @ ALL ATTIC SPACES. PROVIDE (3) 1" DIA. SCREENED
VENTS AT EACH VAULTED EAVE SPACE.
2'-0"
TYP.
4. PROVIDE SCREENED RIDGE VENTS @ 10' O.C. +/-. PROVIDE
1 EA. 3rd SPACE AT VAULTED CEILINGS.
8'-0" PLATE
1'-0"
TYP.
FIGURE 2338 A roof plan drawn using a computer program such as AutoCAD could be completed using similar steps required
to draw a plan manually. If the drawing is completed using a program such as AutoCAD Revit or AutoCAD Architecture, the roof
plan can be created from information provided as the floor plan was created.
563
ROOF PLAN CHECKLIST
Annotation
Drawing Setup
❑ Specify post, and metal caps.
❑ Specify exterior header sizes provided by your
instructor or based on the information provided
in Chapter 18 and Chapter 30.
❑ Specify all openings, giving the size and location.
❑ Reference all downspouts.
❑ For ridge vents, provide 1 sq ft per 300 sq ft of attic.
❑ Make general notes per examples in this chapter.
❑ Label the plate heights if different from 8'−0".
❑ Provide a title and scale.
❑ Establish line scales and line weights fit for plotting
at 1/8" = 1'−0".
❑ Use an architectural font for all text.
Drawings
❑ Represent the outline of the structure with thin,
dashed lines.
❑ Show all exterior support posts and exterior headers.
❑ Show roof shapes including the ridge, valleys, and
hips using bold continuous lines.
❑ Show all roof openings—chimney, skylights, and
saddles—as necessary.
❑ Show downspouts.
❑ Show all ridge vents.
Roof Plan Layout Test
Dimensions
❑ Locate skylights from the edge of the wall to the
center.
❑ Dimension each overhang size.
See CD
for more
information
PROBLEMS
DIRECTIONS
1. Using a print of your floor plan drawn for problems from
Chapter 18, use a scale of 1/8" = 1'−0" to draw a roof
plan for your house. Design a roof system appropriate
for your area. Sketch the layout you will use and have
it approved by your instructor prior to starting your
drawing.
2. Place the plan on the same sheet as the elevations if possible. If a new sheet is required, place the drawing so that
other drawings can be put on the same sheet.
3. Use the information in the roof plan checklist to complete your drawing.
4. When you have completed your drawing, turn in a copy
to your instructor for evaluation.
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Roof Plan Layout

Transcription

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