Raising the performance of coatings with encapsulation

Raising the performance of coatings with encapsulation

Raising the performance of coatings
with encapsulation technology
Juha Nikkola, Senior Scientist
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
11th December 2013, The Circus, Helsinki
Theme: Coatings & manufacturing
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Novel responsive coatings and surfaces utilizing
encapsulation technologies (RESCOAT)
 Duration:
1.2.2012 - 31.1.2014 (3 years)
 4 Research partners: VTT, Aalto, FiOH and
Technical University of Lisbon (Portugal)
 5 Industrial partners: Ruukki Metals Oy, Fortum Power and
Heat Oy, Tikkurila Oyj, TeknoForest Oy
and Kauppahuone Taito Oy
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Functional materials can improve coating performance
Wear resistance
Anti-ice
Fire retardancy
Anticorrosion
Antifouling
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Motivation – Why microencapsulation?
Non-permeable
shell/membrane:
Semi-permeable
shell/membrane:
 Barrier and
protection
against
leaching
 Controlled
release and
leaching of
active agent
Stimuliresponsive
shell/membrane:
 Release of
active agents
by external
stimuli
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RESCOAT approaches
Dense polymer capsules
Dense silica capsules
Hollow polymer
capsules
Hollow silica capsules
Activation of the capsule
material by external
signal (e.g. breakage,
temperature or pH) to
release the encapsulated
active agents.
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Polystyrene (PS) based microcapsules
 Particle size distribution:
 Dense polymer capsules from 4 to 60 µm
IPBC
PS
 Encapsulated IPBC biocide distribution:
 Evenly distributed active agent
 Hardness: 10kN compressive
load
 unbroken capsules
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Release of encapsulated biocide
from paint and lacquer matrices into water
Results summarised:
Mass of released IPBC in g
1200
C1-1
C1-2
C1-3
C1-4
C1-5
C1-6
1000
800
600
 IPBC releases faster
from the paint matrice
 VTT’s PS capsule
hinders/controls the
IPBC release
400
200
0
0
50
100
Incubation time (days)
150
200
Sampl
e
Coating Capsule
C1-1
Paint
IPBC without capsule
C1-2
Lacquer
IPBC without capsule
C1-3
Paint
Commercial encapsulated
IPBC
C1-4
Lacquer
Commercial encapsulated
IPBC
C1-5
Paint
VTT’s experimental PS-IPBC
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Mould index after 28 weeks (grade 0-4)
Antimoulding performance of paint and lacquer
with and without encapsulated biocide
4,0
Sample
Coating
Capsule
3,5
C1-1
Paint
IPBC without capsule
3,0
C1-2
Lacquer
IPBC without capsule
C1-3
Paint
Commercial encapsulated
IPBC
C1-4
Lacquer
Commercial encapsulated
IPBC
C1-5
Paint
VTT’s experimental PS-IPBC
C1-6
Lacquer
VTT’s experimental PS-IPBC
2,5
2,0
1,5
Water leaching before 28
weeks mould test (no QUV)
1,0
0,5
0,0
C1-1
C1-2
C1-3
C1-4
C1-5
C1-6
Sample
Mould suspension is spread on agar
and on the sample surfaces:
Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum,
Chaetomium globosum, Paecilomyces
varieties, Trichoderma viride
Pine
On-going field test
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Increase the release rate of IPBC to water by moisture/water
responsive polystyrene (PS) - polycaprolactone (PCL) capsule
PCL
IPBC release
increased by
the increment
of the PCL
content in PSPCL capsule
IPBC released in wt%
PS
PS-PCl 1
PS-PCL2
PS-PCL3
PS-PCL4
PS-PCL5
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
-2
0
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation (2013)
20
40
60
Incubation time (days)
80
100
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Optical microscopy of solvent cast PS/PCL films on glass
• partial solubility, see the
10/90 and the 90/10
PS-PCL 80/20
PS-PCL 50/50
PS-PCL 20/80
PS-PCL 100/0
PS-PCL 70/30
PS-PCL 40/60
PS-PCL 10/90
PS-PCL 90/10
PS-PCL 60/40
PS-PCL 30/70
PS-PCL 0/100
• PS rich phase grows on
top of the PCL rich
phase
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation (201
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AFM of PS/PCL- IPBC polished sections (cross-cut SEM
samples)
Topography
Topography
Phase
Phase
(z_scale 100 nm)
(20 deg)
(z_scale 100 nm)
PS-PCL 100/0
PS-PCL 25/75
PS-PCL 75/25
PS-PCL 0/100
(20 deg)
5 µm
PS-PCL 50/50
15 µm
Phase signal reveals fine, phase
separated and co-continuosly
morphologies, particularly for the PSPCL in
75/25
Published
Journal of Microencapsulation (2013)
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CONCLUSIONS
 PS capsules were developed and demonstrated in paint and lacquer
coating application
 PS capsule controls the release of biocide and provides sufficient
anti-moulding performance
 Increase in shelf life of product could be expected
 PS-PCL capsules showed water/moisture ”responsive” release of
biocide
 Biocide release increased by the increment of PCL content
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Application & Impact
Delayed
flare-up
Selfhealing
Antifouling
Antiice
Selfcleaning
Easy-toclean
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Juha Nikkola • Saila Jämsä • Sanna Virtanen • Jani Pelto • Tony Munter • Johan Mangs
Jarmo Ropponen • Ulla Kanerva • Lasse Makkonen • Amar Mahiout • Tarja Laitinen
Aalto University
Juha Larismaa • Qian Chen • Harri Lipiäinen • Simo-Pekka Hannula
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
Mirja Kiilunen
FUNDING BY:
Tekes • Ruukki Metals Oy • Fortum Power and Heat Oy
Tikkurila Oyj • Tekno-Forest Oy • Kauppahuone Taito Oy
Työterveyslaitos • Aalto • VTT
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