Untitled - Ministerio de Turismo

Transcription

Introduction
The great natural and cultural diversity contained in
this book “Nuestra América Turística” [Destination
America] is just an appetizer for the immense and
wonderful tourism offer harboured in these lands,
the countries of our continent. This project, a brainchild of the Ecuadorian Ministry of Tourism, was
joined by 30 countries, showing their firm conviction that tourism is a vehicle for achieving peace and
unity among peoples.
The information compiled in the book invites you
have a quick dip into each country and meander
through a wonderworld of tourist destinations in
your imagination. It will surely bring home to you
the importance of Ecuador’s project promoting conservation and the practice of Conscious Tourism – a
project whose quintessence is respect and love for
life.
Quito – Ecuador
September 2012
CREDITS:
MINISTRY OF TOURISM OF ECUADOR
(Texts: Contributions of the countries that
appear in this publication.)
September 2012
Quito-Ecuador
CONTENTS
ARGENTINA 8
12
HAITI52
BARBADOS14
HONDURAS 54
BELIZE
16
JAMAICA56
BOLIVIA18
MEXICO58
BRAZIL
22
NICARAGUA 62
CANADA
26
PANAMA64
CHILE28
PARAGUAY66
COLOMBIA30
PERU68
COSTA RICA
32
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 70
CUBA
34
SAINT LUCIA
BAHAMAS 72
ECUADOR36
SURINAME74
EL SALVADOR
40
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 76
UNITED STATES
42
URUGUAY78
GUATEMALA 46
VENEZUELA 80
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CONTENTS
GUYANA 50
ARGENTINA
ARGENTINA
Its magnificent variety of geographical
features and climates makes Argentina a
perfect country to visit for a unique and wonderful travel experience.
From the North to the South, Argentina’s
diverse and impressive features allow both
Argentines and foreign visitors to experience the intensity and vastness of the territory,
and to enjoy its people, places, customs and
scenery.
WORLD HERITAGE SITES
Since 1981, UNESCO has distinguished
Argentina by adding several sites of natural
and cultural significance within its territory
to the List of World Heritage Sites, such as
Iguazu Falls. In 2009, the Tango was registered on the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage
of Humanity.
Location: Argentina is bordered to the north by Bolivia and Paraguay, to the south and
west by Chile, and to the east by Paraguay,
Brazil, Uruguay and the Atlantic Ocean.
Area: 3,761,275 km²
Capital: Buenos Aires
Language: Spanish
Population: 35,000,000 inhabitants
Currency: Peso
Climate: Temperate and humid on the plains
of the pampas; cold and humid in the extreme west of Patagonia; subtropical in the
northern part of Mesopotamia; and warm in
the Northeast. From November to March, the
average temperature is 23° C and from June
to September it is 12° C.
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Government: Representative, democratically
elected by the people.
TRAVEL AROUND ARGENTINA
NORTH
Refuge of pre-Colombian art and traditions.
JUJUY - SALTA - CATAMARCA - TUCUMAN SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO
The North of Argentina offers a panorama of great contrasts: high peaks, grassy
plains, salt flats, and subtropical jungles.
This region, rich in pre-Colombian history, is
a fusion of indigenous villages and remnants
of the Conquerors’ era. Under brilliant blue
skies, the high plains invite you to visit its
adobe villages and colonial chapels. Adventure tourism, hot springs spas, village festivals, and regional cuisine are perfect complements, added to the charm of its scenery.
CORDOBA
Heart of the country
In the province of Cordoba, the plains
become highland mountains, with fertile
planted valleys sunken in between them. Its
streams and hills keep the old Camino Real
[Royal Road] hidden within them. Today,
this has been converted into a historic route
linking the chapels and ranches built by the
Jesuits in the XVII and XVIII centuries.
Cordoba is the ideal setting for adventure. Its mountain range is furrowed with innumerable trails and reservoirs, which offer
tempting alternatives for anyone who wants
to experience something new.
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COAST
The land of big rivers
MISIONES - CORRIENTES - ENTRE RIOS FORMOSA - CHACO - SANTA FE
In this red clay area, large rivers and
virgin forests predominate. The imposing
Iguazu Falls, the Ibera wetlands, the Chaco
plains, and the National Parks are the exuberant habitat of an incredible variety of
fauna. History comes alive in the ruins of
the Jesuit Missionaries, the Flag Monument,
and San Jose Palace. Tradition is reflected
in the music and festivals of Carnaval. The
Coast offers numerous hot-springs spas
for complete relaxation and wellbeing. The
abundance of surface water areas, together
with the region’s facilities and infrastructure,
make it a mecca for fishing.
CUYO
Where the sun lives and the wine is born
LA RIOJA - SAN JUAN - MENDOZA - SAN
LUIS
Cuyo -“desert country” in indigenous
language – is the region of high peaks,
snow-capped volcanoes, and vast expanses
extending from the mountain range of the
Andes to the southernmost portion of the
pampas range.
El Aconcagua Mountain, which is a destination for mountain climbers from around
the world, in addition to paleontological sites,
natural reserves, and valleys with the ideal
climate for crops, together make this a unique territory.
Skiing, horseback riding, rafting, and adventure tourism are the most widely-practiced activities in this area.
PATAGONIA
Between the Andes and the Atlantic: the
mythical Patagonia
LA PAMPA - NEUQUEN - RIO NEGRO CHUBUT - SANTA CRUZ - TIERRA DEL FUEGO
In the Patagonian Steppe region is the
Valdes Peninsula, which has the largest sea
elephant colony in the world and an ocean
that attracts the southern right whale.
In the Patagonian Andes, the beauty of
the forests, lakes and glaciers – including
the Perito Moreno Glacier – will captivate
everyone. A great variety of sports can be
enjoyed in this region, which extends to the
Beagle Canal, launch site for cruises to Antarctica.
BUENOS AIRES
Gateway to the leather district
CITY OF BUENOS AIRES - PROVINCE OF BUENOS AIRES
In Buenos Aires, a global metropolis and
open city situated on the shores of the Rio de
la Plata River, there is a pleasant coexistence of Tango, literature, cuisine, music, film,
theatre, shopping, football, night life, and
more.
A few kilometres from this cosmopolitan
capital of the country, the Province of Buenos
Aires extends into vast plains, where a blend
of natural diversity and traditional peoples
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allows the visitor to discover the authentic
identity of these lands. Its geography is characterized by diverse landscapes: beaches,
mountains, farmland, lakes, rivers, natural
reserves and wildlife refuges.
BAHAMAS
BAHAMAS
The Bahamas is an archipelago made up
of 700 islands in the North Atlantic, off the
southeast coast of Florida, approximately 30
of which are inhabited.
These islands are home to some of the
most mystical ecosystems on the planet, including Dean´s Blue Hole off Long Island, and
Andros Barrier Reef off Andros Island, the
third largest barrier reef in the world. It has
a network of environmental national parks,
running from Abaco National Park at the north to the Great Inagua National Park at the
south. Abaco National Park includes 20,500
acres that provide habitat for approximately
1,000 Bahama Parrots (also called Abaco Parrots), which are in danger of extinction. The
Great Inagua National Park is a vast reserve
for more than 80,000 West Indian Flamingos
(the national bird of The Bahamas) and other
exotic birds such as the Bahama Parrot, pelicans, egrets, roseate spoonbills, hummingbirds, ducks and a rare species of herons.
Area: 13,880 km2
Borders: The Atlantic Ocean is to the north
and east, and the Caribbean Sea to the south
and west.
Capital: Nassau, on New Providence Island
Population: 316,182 inhabitants
Currency: Bahamian Dollar
Language: English
Climate: Constant temperature, 31ºC during
the warmest months of June to September,
15ºC during the colder months of January
to March, with a rainy season between the
months of May and October.
and a range of activities that take place on
the beaches, including diving, fishing, and
sailing.
The capital, Nassau, is often the first port
of call for tourists who arrive by air or sea.
They are inevitably attracted to the city centre, to explore its colonial heritage, historic
charm, and local cuisine. The warmth and
friendliness of the people are contagious.
Paradise Island, connected to Nassau by a
bridge, is home to Atlantis Paradise Island,
one of the largest resorts in the world.
Grand Bahama Island, the fourth largest,
is considered the country’s “second city.” It
is a popular vacation destination, especially
for golfers, who enjoy the island’s 18-hole
courses.
Visitors can explore nature with guided
kayak tours, or boardwalk through the Lucayan National Park, located 30 km from the
centre of the main city, Freeport. Or, you can
stroll along paths filled with exotic plants,
flowers and migratory birds in the Rand Memorial Park or the Garden of the Groves. The
Island offers it guests a wide range of restaurants, shops and entertainment centres, as
well as aquatic activities for the family. More
adventurous visitors can explore the outlying
areas of Grand Bahama and enjoy festivals
and other events.
TRAVEL AROUND BAHAMAS
On the outer islands, locally known as
the Family Islands, travellers find some of the
most crystal-clear and breathtaking beaches
in the world, great places for diving, fishing,
and other activities. These islands offer a
perfect mix of relaxation and adventure.
The Abaco Islands in the far north and Inagua at the southernmost point of the archipelago are paradise for nature-lovers. Tourists are attracted by the mix of local flavours
On Abaco there is the famous Elbow
Reef Lighthouse, one of the last remaining
lighthouses in the world that still uses kerosene. Its 101 steps take you to the top,
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and you find yourself surrounded by turquoise waters. The lighthouse is still a guide for
sailors and fishermen, as it has been since
the XIX century. The Abaco Islands and its
surrounding cays have long been considered
the sailing capital of the world.
No other area in The Bahamas has more
brilliant colours than the waters around The
Exumas, a collection of 365 cays and islands
located in the middle of The Exuma Cays and
Sea Park. This park is the first of its kind
in the world, and is home to the first marine
fishing reserve in the Caribbean.
Atlantic side. It is considered one of the best
beaches in the Bahamas. Also called “Briland,” this was rated the “Best island in the
Caribbean” by Travel & Leisure magazine in
2005. It is well-known among residents and
is still rated as one of the most hospitable
islands in the Caribbean, maintaining its intriguing architecture and local charm.
Harbour Island, called the “Martha´s Vineyard of the tropics” by Condé Nast, is famous
for having been the first island colonized in
the archipelago, and it is also one of the most
glamorous. It has an eclectic mix of celebrity
residents and is recognized throughout the
world for its 5-km pink sand beach on the
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BARBADOS
BARBADOS
Barbados is the easternmost island of
the Antilles, and one of the most idyllic paradises in the Caribbean. It is surrounded by
the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
Barbados enjoys northeasterly trade winds
all year, which help keep the island cool, so
very hot temperatures are rare. The island is
34 km long by 23 km wide.
Location: Caribbean Sea, Windward Islands
Area: 430 km²
Capital: Bridgetown
Language: English. There is also a local dialect called ‘bajan’
Currency: Barbados dollar
Climate: Moderate all year, avg. 28o C (82.4o
Fahrenheit)
Government: British-style parliamentary democracy, member of the Commonwealth
TRAVEL AROUND BARBADOS
The majority of the population is descended from African slaves, which has given the
country a rich popular culture, with traditional African music and dance.
this origin, the beaches have very fine white
sand, and it is surrounded by coral reefs, especially on the west and south coasts. The
east coast is the most attractive for surfers.
Undersea World
Barbados is an ideal place for lovers of
the undersea world, not only because of its
spectacular coral reefs and marine species,
but also for the number of sunken ships in
the area. The tranquil coasts of the west and
south, bathed by the Caribbean Sea, are the
most attractive for visitors.
Barbados is also a good place for shopping tourism, with an abundance of duty-free
shopping areas. If you like sports, there is
cricket as well as golf, and the island hosts
several high-level competitions in both
sports.
Barbados has a visitor transport system
of small buses called “the ZRs,” which run
the most scenic routes on the island and take
visitors to the main attractions sites at a very
reasonable price.
The island has only one International Airport, Grantley Adams (GAIA), which receives
direct flights from all around the world, as
well as regional flights and charters.
Its 97 km of coastline of sandy beaches
and lush seabeds, in addition to its mild climate, have made Barbados a favourite destination for the millions of visitors who arrive
each year.
The Island is well-developed in terms
of modernity. In fact, this fabulous island is
known for its excellent hotels, time-share
apartments, and many other lodging options.
The south and west coasts of Barbados are
favourite destinations for their beautiful
water and the colour of the white- or pinksand on their fabulous beaches.
The island is of coral origin, and so its
relief is not very pronounced. Its highest elevation is Mount Hillaby, at 336 m. Because of
Go sailing or take a catamaran, go diving
to explore sunken ships, or enjoy an undersea visit. Enjoy the natural wonders of Ha-
rrison Cave. Stroll through the picturesque streets of
Bridgetown, the historic capital of the island. Then, if
you still have energy, enjoy the variety of bars and clubs
on the island.
This Caribbean island extends you a warm and cordial welcome!
BELIZE
BELIZE
Belize is part of the Central American
isthmus, with the flavour of the Caribbean
Sea.
It offers a special blend of rich, gratifying
experiences that make it a one-off destination on the planet. It is the only English-speaking country in the region.
Location: Mexico to the north, Guatemala to
the south and west, and the Caribbean Sea
to the east.
Area: 22,960 km²
Capital: Belmopan
Language: English is the official language
and is spoken in nearly all the country. The
people of Belize also speak ‘kriol’ (a dialect
based on English). Other languages spoken
in Belize are Spanish, Maya, Garifuna and
Mandarin.
Population: 311,000
Currency: Dollar
Climate: Subtropical, with light winds prevailing, average temperature 26°C. Belize
has two seasons: a dry one, from December
to May; and a rainy one, from June to November. The temperature is pleasant all year
round.
Government: Democratically elected parliament.
TRAVEL
AROUND
BELIZE
TRAVEL
AROUND
BELIZE
NORTH
The Maya World crosses its borders. La
Milpa is one of the most important archaeological sites; its tallest structure reaches a
height of 66 feet. Another imposing, magni-
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ficent place is Lamani, on the Laguna New
River. Spanning an area of 950 hectares and
containing approximately one hundred edifications from the Maya civilization, it is considered one of the archaeological sites with
the greatest historical wealth.
Dense virgin forests cover most of the
territory of Belize, providing opportunities
to explore a universe abundant in flora and
fauna, as well as the reserve of the jaguar.
The country also has islands, beaches and
a variety of places for water sports, giving
visitors plenty of alternatives for enjoyment
throughout their vacations. The coral reef,
the second largest in the world, is a maritime paradise for recreational fishing and
other water sports. Belize has three of the
four coral atolls in the western hemisphere,
surrounded by turquoise, crystalline water.
CENTRE
The River Belize flows along the whole
valley, providing fertile land for agriculture,
the home of the howler monkey, and sanctuaries for a diversity of birds. Belize City
harmoniously blends its colonial architecture
with modern commodities.
WEST
This area is home to the capital of the
country, Belmopan, as well as the twin cities of Santa Elena and San Ignacio, and the
border town of Benque Viejo del Carmen.
Woods, caves and the waterfalls of Mountain
Pine Ridge are impressive tourist attractions,
complemented by great Maya cities. This
area also has a large Mennonite population
of German origin.
SOUTH
The south of Belize offers two very popular tourist destinations: Hopkins and Placencia, beaches with golden sand, and plantations of citrus and banana trees, as well as
the largest marine reserve in Belize.
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BOLIVIA
BOLIVIA
The Plurinational State of Bolivia is a
multi-faceted country of many contrasts - a
confluence of its natural diversity and the
cultural diversity of its people. It is counted
among the countries with the greatest diversity on the planet, recognized as eighth in the
world, and third in the Amazon basin region.
It has an exceptional variety of landscapes as
well as flora and fauna, from the mountains
of the Andes to the Amazon region. In addition, the country has a rich cultural heritage,
expressed by its 36 indigenous nationalities.
Location: Bolivia is in the heart of South
America. It is bordered to the north by Brazil,
to the south by Argentina, to the east by Paraguay, and to the west by Chile.
Area: 1,098,581 km²
Capital: La Paz
Languages: Spanish, Aymara, and Quechua
are the predominant languages, but there
are 32 recognized official languages.
Currency: Bolivian Peso
Climate: Climatic conditions vary dramatically between the lowlands and the Andean
highlands. They range from the tropical climate of the Amazon jungle, to temperate in
the valleys, to very cold at the high altitudes.
The rainy season is between November and
March, and the dry season from March to
October.
elected by the people.
TRAVEL AROUND BOLIVIA
The country’s tourism opportunities
makes it a favoured destination for travellers
who love nature, culture and adventure, or
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want to learn and enrich the spirit through
direct contact with indigenous cultures in
their natural setting, and participate in unique experiences.
Situated in the heart of South America,
Bolivia’s beauty includes the Andean high
plains, the Amazon jungle, the Yungas forest,
the scrublands of El Chaco, majestic Lake Titicaca, and the incomparable beauty of the
Salar Uyuni salt flats. Imposing mountains
and mighty rivers keep watch over ancient
cultures, such as the Tiwanaku and Iskanwaya as well as more modern ones, like the
Quichua, Aymara, Guarani, and Amazon cultures.
Department of La Paz, Tiwanacu. Located 72 km from La Paz, is a monumental preHispanic lithic complex which includes places of interest such as the Pyramid of Puma
Punku, the Pyramid of Akapana, the Bennet
monolith, and the Puerta del Sol [Door of the
Sun], considered the best example of the level of perfection achieved by the Tiwanakota
culture.
Department of La Paz, Lake Titicaca. The
“Sacred Lake,” shared between Bolivia and
Peru, is the highest navigable area in the
world, at 3,810 m. There we find the mythical region of Copacabana, the Suriki Island
where boat builders construct boats of “totora” [bulrush], the pre-Colombian Sampaya
people, and the Isla del Sol [Island of the
Sun] with the Pilcocaina Palace.
Department of La Paz, Madidi Park. The
Madidi National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area is the most biodiverse protected area, located in northeastern
Bolivia, at the foot of the Andes, in the Department of La Paz.
19
20
Department of Santa Cruz, Jesuit Missions. In the eastern mountains of the Department of Santa Cruz, in the Chiquitos
region, lived several jungle tribes who were
evangelized by the Company of Jesus missionaries. Their strength and significance
is evidenced in the architecture of Baroquemestizo style temples, adorned with murals.
In 1991, UNESCO declared these as World
Heritage Sites.
Tinku [Combat Dance], and Pujillay [Playful
Dance].
Departments of Santa Cruz, Beni and
Pando: The Bolivian Amazon region occupies two-thirds of the country. It is one of the
most important regions because of its biodiversity. It is characterized by the existence
of native ethnic groups who coexist with the
region’s wild and exotic animals, including
tigers, monkeys, macaws, caimans, anacondas, giant trees and exotic flowers.
El Pantanal. This swamp area is located
in southeastern Bolivia, at an altitude of 350
m., and has average temperatures between
12°C and 24°C. It extends into portions of
Brazil and Paraguay as well as Bolivia, covering an area of 165,000 km2. It is considered
the largest fresh water swamp in the world,
with an ecosystem capable of providing habitat for large quantities of flora and fauna
species at the same time, in a landscape of
spectacular natural beauty.
Departments of Chuquisaca, Tarija and
Santa Cruz: The Bolivian Chaco [scrublands]
in the south, at an altitude of 100 to 400 m.,
is a region rich in natural, scenic and cultural
resources. The Kaa-Iya National Park and
Integrated Management Natural Area, the
largest in South America, is located in this
region.
NOTABLE PLACES OF INTEREST FOR VISITORS
Oruro. The festival of Carnaval in the Bolivian high plains is the most significant cultural expression of Bolivian Folklore. It has
been declared a “MASTERPIECE OF ORAL
AND INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE OF
HUMANITY.” It pays tribute to the Virgen del
Socavon [Virgin of the Mines] in a religious
festival which fuses music and extraordinary
folk dances, such as the Diablada [Devils’
Dance], the Morenada [Black Slaves’ Dance],
the Caporales [Mine Foreman’s Dance], the
Cordillera Real. This mountain range, located in western Bolivia, includes snow capped mountains rising up to more than 6,000
m. in altitude. Places to visit include the
massifs of Illampu, Sorata, Condoriri, Huayna
Potosí, Chacaltaya, Yungas, Takesi, el Choro,
Coroico, and Illimani.
Salar de Uyuni. Of extraordinary natural
beauty, this is the largest salt flat in the world,
with an area of 10,582 km2 and an altitude
of 3,653 m. Located in southeastern Bolivia,
this region is known for its lakes named for
their distinct hues – Laguna Colorada [Red],
Laguna Verde [Green], Laguna Amarilla [Yellow], and Laguna Celeste [Blue]. There are
also rock formations, volcanic pools, and the
amazing geysers, giving visitors the feeling
of having gone back in time to the era when
the planet was being formed.
Sucre. This is the capital city of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, at an altitude of
2,750 m. It has been declared a UNESCO
World Heritage Site, as a living museum of
how Spanish colonial life used to be, and
with a prehistory and history that reveal its
natural attractions and cultural values.
Potosi. A city situated at an altitude of
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more than 4,000 m., at the foot of the Cerro
Rico, Potosi’s history is closely tied to silver.
In 1650, it was the most populous city in the
world with some 160,000 inhabitants - more
than London, Paris or Madrid. The Cerro Rico
of Potosi contained the most coveted veins
of silver in the world. Declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987, the city still
remains intact.
Trinidad. The pre-Hispanic “lomas”
[mounds] of the Amazon cultures are located
in the north of the Bolivian territory, around
Trinidad, the capital of the Department of
Beni, at 156 m. above sea level. This region
contains important archaeological areas and
unique ethnic colonies, with an extraordinary
convergence of nature and history.
Tropic of Cochabamba. Located in the
heart of Bolivia, between the Andes Mountain Range and the warm Amazon plains,
this area embraces a high level of ecological
diversity. Its large, mighty rivers and interminable forests make it a natural refuge for
wild animals, as well as indigenous peoples
who maintain their way of life, customs, and
traditions.
BRAZIL
BRAZIL
Brazil is a masterful and harmonious
melting-pot of history, rhythm and colour.
Its history, architecture and arts also bear
witness to the country’s plurality. Cultural
centres, archaeological sites, museums, tangible and intangible heritage, monuments,
cinemas, shows and parades, along with
displays of art, dance, theatre and music, are
all fragments of Brazil’s historical and cultural scene.
Area: 8,514,876,599 km2
Borders: To the north Venezuela, Guyana,
Suriname, French Guiana and the Atlantic
Ocean; to the south Uruguay; and to the
west Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and
Colombia
Capital: Brasilia
Language: Portuguese
Climate: Brazil has a mainly tropical climate.
The country has fairly even temperatures all
year round, the average being about 28oC in
the north and 20 oC in the south. The Amazon
basin, with its humid tropical climate, has the
most rainfall in the country; while it is very
humid, the temperatures hover at around
27 oC all year long. In the central plateau,
on the other hand, the prevailing climate is
subtropical.
TRAVEL AROUND BRAZIL
The continental mainland of Brazil is
also the measure of the country’s diversity
in terms of tourism options. Out of the overall
5,565 municipalities, nearly 3,635 are suitable for tourism and are directly or indirectly
involved in it. A total of 276 tourism regions
have a broad and structured offer of tourism activities in at least eleven segments:
22
adventure, cultural, rural, cinematographic,
ecotourism, studies and exchange, nautical,
business and events, fishing, sun and beach,
and health and wellbeing.
The variety of options, however, also includes several other specific activities and
extraordinary places, such as: whale-watching (Santa Catarina), diving with rays and
sharks (Fernando de Noronha), snorkelling
and underwater tours through grottos and
caves (Bonito), routes telling the legends and
history of population groups (Estrada Real,
Caminho das Missoes), and boat rides at the
foot of the awe-inspiring sight of the 275
waterfalls comprising Iguazú Falls (Paraná).
Visitors can also experience ecological paradises, such as the only desert in the world
with thousands of rain lakes of crystalline
water (Lençóis Maranhenses), bird-watching
tourism (Pantanal), routes focusing on sustainable tourism (Cânion Itaimbezinho), the
Amazon rainforest, gastronomy and a whole
range of other options ready to be tried.
On the “Ruta del Sol” [Route of the Sun]:
Brazil has over two thousand beaches dotted
along its 8,000 kilometres of sea line washed
by the waters of the Atlantic. There are virgin
and popular beaches, ones easy to reach and
others totally secluded, with calm waters or
immense rolling waves, good for swimming
and for water sports, from the north to the
south of the country. In addition to their incomparable beauty, Brazil’s beaches have a
ready-made infrastructure, a tropical climate
and great diversity of flora and fauna.
Five-star cuisine: The smells and tastes of Brazil are one of the most authentic
stamps of the country. Each state has natural
ingredients and regional spices, giving their
recipes an original, exclusive flavour: açaí,
barreado, pamonha, feijoada com farofa,
carne de sol, acarajé, castanhas, churrasco,
galinha cabidela, carau de milho, bolo de
rolo, pato no tucupi, pimenta, pão de queijo,
ensopado de tambaqui... From the range of
fruit through to the most sophisticated specialities, Brazil’s menu is simply irresistible.
traditions: indigenous, African, European,
Asian and American influences are all part of
daily life for the Brazilians. Travelling around
these national “samples” is doubtless the
best way to get to know and interact with the
country’s culture.
Popular festivals: The hospitality of the
Brazilian people is renowned throughout the
world. The lifestyle, good sensations and the
lively, fun-loving personality of the Brazilian
people are reflected in mega-cultural events
held annually in different parts of the country,
drawing huge crowds. The Carnival, a worldfamous and adored attraction; Parintins Folk
Festival, a big gathering of the Manauara
culture; pilgrimages and religious festivals,
boosting the development of religious tourism; Natal Luz de Gramado (RS); Oktoberfest (SC); and so on. The festival calendar
is a source of income for local inhabitants,
creating jobs and prompting tourist flows to
hundreds of towns.
Musical rhythms, like samba, frevo,
maracatu, axé, forró and bossa nova, attract millions of tourists keen to experience the country’s joie de vivre and historical
wealth. Diversity is very much present in the
country’s customs, accents, religions and
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BRAZIL
25
CANADA
CANADA
Canada is a large country, full of unique experiences and places to explore. The
country extends from the Pacific to the Atlantic and deep into the Arctic. Travelling
through Canada only requires inspiration and
thinking big.
Location: Canada occupies the northern half
of North America. To the north is the Arctic
Ocean; to the northeast, the Baffin Bay and
the Davis Strait separate it from Greenland;
and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. It has
a border with the United States to the south,
and to the west with the US state of Alaska,
as well as the Pacific Ocean.
Area: With 9,970,610 km2, Canada is the
second largest country in the world.
Capital: Ottawa, in the Province of Ontario.
Language: English and French are the two
official languages of Canada.
Population: 34,300,083 inhabitants (estimate as of July 2011)
Currency: The Canadian monetary system
uses dollars ($) and cents (¢) and is similar
to the dollar system of the United States,
Australia and New Zealand.
Climate: The temperature and climate varies
dramatically across the Canadian territory.
Four seasons provide colour and vibrant life.
For example, in May your options could include either skiing on Olympic sized mountains in the west, or attending the biggest
tulip festival in Central Canada. For more
information about current temperature and
climatic conditions by Province or Territory,
visit the websites of the Weather Office of
Canada or The Weather Network .
Government: The Canadian government is
comprised of a constitutional monarchy and
26
a federal government with democratic parliamentary representation.
TRAVEL AROUND CANADA
The Mountains of West Canada
Paddle through emerald-green glacier
lakes, follow dinosaurs between pillars of
rock, or go snowboarding at night.
Nature cozies up to the edges of the cities in this region, which includes British Columbia and Alberta. In Vancouver, you can
go paddling or skiing a few minutes from the
city centre, get back in time for a hot stone
massage in a spa and have dinner in one of
the many five-star eateries in the city. Victoria, with the most comfortable climate in the
country, initiates its annual Flower Count at
the beginning of March.
You can play golf almost 365 days a year
and visit the famed Butchart Gardens at any
time during all four seasons.
If you want to see all the Western Mountains, from the Vancouver coast to the foot of
the Calgary Hills, a lustrous blue and white
train called the Rocky Mountaineer will take
you through five Canadian National Parks.
It takes you by foamy waterfalls, ancestral
glaciers and lofty snow-capped peaks, while
you enjoy nature from the comfort of a train
car with a glass roof, gourmet service, white
tablecloths and fine cuisine.
Atlantic Canada
Observe the highest tides in the world,
amble through the Anne of Green Gables
House, or tap along to the rhythm of a maritime ballad.
Almost any automobile route or road on
the east coast of Canada leads to magnificent beaches, inlets, parks, and bays. Visit
small fishing villages all along the spectacular Acadia Coastal Road. Discover Celtic
hospitality while feasting on fresh seafood all
along the 185 miles of the Cabot Trail. Follow
the Viking Trail toward two UNESCO World
Heritage Sites – Norwegian colonies that are
a thousand years old. Stop at Cape Spear
and search the horizon for icebergs, whales
or the remains of ghost ships lost at sea.
Central Canada
Take a drive through the Niagara wine
country, visit Parliament Hill, taste some
maple snow candy, visit the maestros in the
National Gallery.
The cosmopolitan cities of Central Canada have a bit of everything: history, culture, and multi-ethnic places of interest. In
Toronto, the largest city in Canada, enjoy the
sparkle of bright lights while brilliant stars
grace the red carpet at the Toronto International Film Festival. The renowned chefs of
Toronto have also won their share of international honours, serving delightfully creative dishes. In Ottawa, the capital of Canada,
you can watch the changing of the guard, an
open-air theatre on the spectacular Parliament Hill. You can also skate in open air on
the Rideau Canal, declared a World Heritage
Site by UNESCO.
Montreal International Jazz Festival. See ice
sculptures and visit the brilliant ice palace at
the Quebec “Carnavale”, the biggest winter
carnival in the world. Observe the spectacle of fireworks every night, reflected in the
spray of the spectacular 187-foot-high Niagara Falls in Ontario.
Northern Canada
Travel through the Northwest Passage in
an icebreaker, or across the permafrost, to
the Polar Arctic Circle, and see the sea unicorns (narwhals) along the edges of the ice.
The quest for riches motivated kings to
search the Northern Passage as far back as
1497, when Henry VII sent the explorer John
Cabot to what is now Northern Canada. Today you can set off on a polar expedition to
Frobisher Bay, mapped in 1576 by Martin
Frobisher.
Northern Canada – made up of the Yukon
Territory, the Northwest Territories, and Nunavit, is coated with a brilliant permafrost
almost all year. It is home to white wolves,
polar bears, walruses and bowhead whales
up to 18 metres long.
Montreal is the centre of French-speaking Canada. A European influence is evident in the flavour of the food, the fashion
and the architecture of the city. In the summer, you can dance in the streets at the
27
CHILE
CHILE
Los contrastes que ofrece Chile en cuanto aThe contrasts to be found in Chile in
terms of landscape, flora and fauna are truly
astonishing. The country’s national parks
comprise a total of fourteen million hectares
and contain diverse ecosystems that have
deservedly been declared World Biosphere
Reserves.
Area: 2,006,626 km2
Borders: Peru to the north, the South Pole to
the south, Bolivia and Argentina to the east,
and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
Capital: Santiago
Population: 17,067,369
Currency: Chilean Peso
Language: Spanish
Climate: The north has a drier climate, with
high temperatures. In the south the climate
is cooler and wetter. Rainfall is more frequent
in the winter months.
TRAVEL AROUND CHILE
Chile is a country of diversity and contrast. Its peculiar geography distinguishes it
from other destinations in the world. One of
these peculiarities is that its territory spans
three continents: America, the Antarctic and
Oceania. The country stretches 4,300 kilometres from north to south, squeezed into
a narrow band between the Andes and the
Pacific.
In one country Chile encompasses totally
opposing scenery and climates, and displays
natural wonders ranging from the driest de-
28
sert in the world to glaciers and straits fading into the Pacific Ocean. There are few
experiences as gratifying as standing before
staggering masses of ice, or gazing at one of
the clearest skies on the planet.
The country falls into five clearly defined
geographical and climatic areas. In the north, the Atacama Desert predominates; there
is then the area of Santiago and the Central
Valley, defined by its Mediterranean climate. Continuing southwards we come to the
district of lakes, rivers and volcanoes. In the
extreme south, there is Patagonia and the
Antarctic Territory; and finally there are the
islands, most notably Easter Island, the Juan
Fernández archipelago and Chiloé.
MODERNITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
Chile is internationally renowned for its
outstanding development in architecture,
design and infrastructure, both in roads and
housing, with projects in the most varied
geographical settings. Travelling through
Chile is comfortable, easy and safe as the
country has good land networks, convenient
air connections and modern infrastructure.
SAFETY AND QUALITY OF LIFE
According to a worldwide study made by
Newsweek magazine, using variables such
as health, education, quality of life, economic
competitivity and environmental policies,
Chile is the best place to live in Latin America. Furthermore, FTI consultants concluded
that it is the safest country in the region,
highlighting respect for the police and security forces.
ADVANCED CONNECTIVITY
According to the Connectivity Scorecard,
Chile leads development in Latin America
in terms of telecommunications technology.
Satellite information and internet connections are available throughout Chilean territory.
CUISINE AND CULTURE
Chile is a well-preserved gastronomic
treasure and the fruit of its territory alone will
make your visit worthwhile. It is a country of
tastes, and Santiago, with its sophisticated
cuisine, brings together a perfect selection
of its flavours. “Cocina chilena” [Chilean cuisine] is a rich mixture of old traditions and
ingredients used by the original indigenous
groups, combined with European - essentially Spanish - recipes and trends, which stand
out for their simplicity and purity.
29
COLOMBIA
COLOMBIA
Colombia is one of the few countries in
the world with the honour of having seven
cultural and architectural assets declared as
World Heritage by UNESCO.
The country is considered an ideal destination for ornithologists and lovers of bird
tourism due to the variety of birds that can
be spotted (1,880 species, of which 76 are
endemic). Colombia is an obligatory passage
on the migration route of many species of
Nearctic and southern birds.
Surface: 2,070,408 km2
Borders: Panama to the northwest, Peru and
Ecuador to the south, Venezuela to the east,
and Brazil to the southeast
Capital: Bogotá
Currency: Colombian Peso
Language: Spanish, although there are over
60 indigenous languages in the reserves, as
well as two Creole languages (Palenque, based on Spanish and spoken by a small population group on the Atlantic coast, and Créole
or Caribbean English, spoken on San Andrés
and Providencia).
Climate: The mountain system of the
Andes has shaped the country with a varied
topography stretching from rain forests and
tropical plains to highland paramos and eternal snow, making it a paradise of biodiversity.
Although there are no seasons in Colombia
and the climate in each region is relatively
stable all year round, there are slight variations between dry and rainy periods.
30
TRAVEL AROUND COLOMBIA
Colombia is considered to be the second most biodiverse country on earth and
is home to 10% of the planet’s biodiversity.
It ranks first in diversity of species of birds,
amphibians, orchids and palm trees; second in the total number of known species,
third in diversity of reptiles, fifth in diversity
of mammals, and fifth in natural resources.
This diversity is displayed in 56 natural areas
(9.98% of the land territory and 1.30% of the
marine territory) belonging to the System of
National Nature Parks, earning the country
twelfth place in number of protected areas.
The contrast between the plains and the
Andean region, with land types ranging from
open savannah to impenetrable mountains in
the tropical jungle, encompassing mangrove
swamps, grasslands, Andean and tropical
forests, paramos, wet and dry snow-capped
mountains, and deserts, makes Colombia
a highly privileged geographical area. The
country also has a coastline on the mysterious Pacific Ocean, very different from that
on the Atlantic in the warm Caribbean sea.
This advantage offers tourists one of the
most fascinating activities to be found: diving
or snorkelling off both coasts. This sport can
also be done inland in various lakes set in
extraordinary landscapes.
Colombia has great cultural wealth,
spawned by the historical processes of mestizaje [mixture of races], which has resulted
in the presence of black communities (29%
of the total population) and indigenous groups
(3.4% of the national total), distributed over
87 groups with approximately 64 native languages belonging to 22 linguistic families. All
this is added to legacy of traditions, customs
and cultural expressions, making the country
a privileged destination for its own residents
and for visitors; with handicrafts made by
indigenous and small-farming communities
who collectively or individually craft products of their own ingenuity, making use of
the wide range of natural or manmade products at their disposal. The variety of their
work reflects the multifaceted geography
of Colombia, which extends from La Guajira
to the Amazon basin, and from Nariño and
Putumayo to the lowlands and borders with
Venezuela.
31
COSTA RICA
COSTA RICA
This country occupies less than 1 per
cent of the surface area of the planet –
51,100 km2 – but it is provides habitat for
5 per cent of the world’s biodiversity, and
3.5 per cent of the marine wildlife, placing it
among the countries with the greatest biological riches in the world.
Costa Rica has three designated UNESCO
World Heritage Sites – Isla del Coco [Coconut Island], Parque de la Amistad [Friendship Park], and the Guanacaste Conservation
Area.
Borders: Costa Rica is bordered to the north
by Nicaragua, to the south by Panama, to the
east by the Caribbean Sea, and to the west
by the Pacific Ocean.
Area: 51,100 km2
Capital: San Jose
Language: Spanish
Currency: Colón (approximately $1 = ¢510)
Climate: Costa Rica has a tropical climate
characterized, in general, by warm temperatures and abundant rain during a large part
of the year. There is usually a dry season
which extends from December until April and
a rainy season from May to November.
elected.
TRAVEL AROUND COSTA RICA
Costa Rica offers visitors many experiences of living in a natural environment with
comforts, in different areas of the country
which can be reached in relatively short periods of time. It is a destination that offers
sports, adventure, excitement, relaxation,
natural food, culture – you can coexist, ex-
32
perience, live and feel.
Costa Rica is a land of imposing mountains, volcanoes, forests, many beaches with
crystal-clear water, and unmatched biodiversity, coupled with the cultural and ancestral
riches of the native people, and the warmth
of the “ticos” [Costa Ricans]. Together, this
becomes the engine which supports the initiatives that allow the country to continue
developing tourism, with a vision of sustainability.
It is home to thousands of natural species which are interconnected within the
subtleties of the forest and the country’s
abundant natural wealth. More than 500
thousand species of flora and fauna, around
850 species of birds, hundreds of species of
orchids, frogs, bats, and many others, are
only a sample of the fortune that characterizes Costa Rica.
In 1977 the national park system of was
created, which protects 27 per cent of the
country’s territory. Its purpose is to safeguard the national parks, biological reserves,
wildlife refuges, national monuments, wetlands, and other natural features.
Because of its geological composition
and conservation efforts, Costa Rica has four
types of forests (paramo, rain forest, cloud
forest, and dry forest) and 12 different types
of microclimates. It is located in the Pacific
Anillo de Fuego [Ring of Fire] and contains
approximately 93 volcanoes, 6 of which are
active.
Costa Rica offers authentic tourism destinations that permit the visitor to become integrated into real conditions, generating enriching experiences. This has been achieved
33
CUBA
CUBA
The historical centres of Havana and Trinidad have preserved their colonial setting
to the point of being declared World Heritage
sites.
Its flora is rich and varied; there are more
than 300 protected areas, which take up
approximately 22% of the national territory.
The country boasts six zones declared Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO: the peninsula of
Guanahacabibes, Sierra del Rosario and Ciénaga de Zapata National Park, in the west;
Caguanes National Park, in the centre; and
the Baconao Park and Cuchillas del Toa, in
the east of the country.
Area: 110,922 km2
Capital: Havana (or La Habana)
Borders: To the north the Straits of Florida, to
the east the Windward Passage, to the south
the Caribbean Sea and to the west the Gulf
of Mexico
Language: Spanish
Currency: Cuban Peso
Climate: Warm and tropical, with a rainy season in summer
TRAVEL AROUND CUBA
Located at the entrance to the Gulf of
Mexico, right in the Caribbean Sea, the Republic of Cuba is an archipelago formed by
the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud [Isle
of Youth] and 4,195 cays and small islands.
It has approximately 300 natural beaches
of fine, white sand and warm, transparent
water. The most well-known beach is Varadero but there are other similar ones in the
cays in the north of Ciego de Ávila and Villa
Clara, as well as in Holguín and Cayo Largo.
34
Impressive biodiversity and conservation
of its ecosystems, along with a great variety of differing coral formations attract lovers
of scuba diving. Around 500 species of fish
and 200 of sponges, prairies of gorgonians,
molluscs and crustaceans, seaweed and sea
fans inhabit its waters. In the north of Camagüey you can find one of the best preserved barrier reefs on the planet, only 2 km.
away from the coastal line. Beautiful caves,
tunnels, cliffs, channels and precious shipwrecks, among other attractions, complete
this underwater wonderworld.
The inland water system is made up of
short, calm rivers, and natural and artificial
dams. The largest river is the Cauto and the
most fast-flowing is the Toa, both in eastern
Cuba.
Cuban fauna has eccentricities like the
‘zunzuncito’ or bee hummingbird, the smallest bird in the world; the smallest frog; a
tiny bat called the butterfly, and a scorpion
no longer than 14 millimetres. The crocodile
is another typical species.
The lie of the land is heterogeneous.
Mountains occupy only a quarter of the surface area. The main mountain systems are
the Guaniguanico range, Escambray, NipeSagua-Baracoa and the Sierra Maestra. This
last range contains the highest summit in
Cuba, Pico Turquino, at 1,974 m. The rest of
the territory is flat and very fertile. There are
valleys known internationally as Viñales, Yumurí and Los Ingenios, and beautiful caves
like Bellamar in Matanzas and the Cueva del
Indio, in Pinar del Río.
Rural life is organized in different ways,
giving the Cuban countryside a shape of its
own.
35
ECUADOR
ECUADOR
Un país con una vasta riqueza natural.
La dA country with vast natural wealth. The
diversity of its four regions has given rise to
thousands of species of flora and fauna, including approximately 1,640 types of birds.
Species of butterflies total around 4,500,
reptiles 345, amphibians 358, and mammals
258, among others.
These special conditions have placed
Ecuador among the 17 countries believed to
have the greatest biodiversity on earth; the
country also has the greatest biodiversity
per square kilometre in the world. Most of its
fauna and flora live in 26 areas protected by
the State. Ecuador also encompasses a wide
range of cultures and nationalities.
Area: 256,370 square kilometres
Capital: Quito
Currency: American dollar (USD)
Language: Spanish, but Quechua is the native language of a large section of the indigenous population.
Government: Democratic
and to offer quality tourist services. To conserve its natural wealth, there are 11 national parks, 4 biological reserves, 9 ecological
reserves and 1 geobotanical reserve.
Heritage sites
- In the Galapagos Archipelago, an island region brimming with magic, fantasy
and nature, declared a Natural Heritage Site
by UNESCO in 1979, you can have direct
contact with world-unique species living in
peace, which can be watched, studied and
photographed.
- On 8 September 1978, UNESCO declared Quito a Cultural Heritage Site. The city
has the largest area of colonial architecture
in Latin America. Cuenca was likewise declared a Cultural Heritage Site in December
1999. Known as the Athens of Ecuador, this
city is considered a tourist destination for its
culture, traditions, particular natural conditions and its colonial infrastructure.
- The Zápara culture in the Ecuadorian
Amazon region is Intangible Heritage of Humanity while Yasuní National Park is listed a
Land Biosphere Reserve.
TRAVEL AROUND ECUADOR
Natural regions
Ecuador ranks as a unique tourist destination, having the highest natural and cultural diversity within the smallest space, where
everything is easy to reach. Located on the
equator, in the middle of the world, its climate, the renowned warmth of its people and its
“Buen Vivir” [harmonious coexistence among
people and the environment], the country is
able to keep its commitment to sustainability
The country falls into four distinct geographical regions: the Amazon, Andes, Pacific Coast and Galapagos Islands. As Ecuador
lies on the equator, the country as a whole
does not have extreme climate fluctuations.
The rainy season is in different months, according to the region, in this country that
teems with life, where there is no latitude,
and in which the four seasons can occur in
a single day.
36
Galapagos: Nature at its purest
The archipelago has thirteen main islands, six minor islands and dozens of islets
of volcanic origin. Some 97% of its territory
is protected. The islands are located nearly
a thousand kilometres from the Ecuadorian
mainland and are characterized by their white sandy beaches, cactus woods, reserves of
giant tortoises and brightly coloured birds,
such as blue-footed, red-footed and masked
boobies, flamingos and penguins. Finches,
frigatebirds, albatrosses and pelicans can
also be seen.
The islands are a living laboratory of animal species that cannot be found anywhere
else on the planet. The capital of the Galapagos Islands, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, is
on San Cristóbal island, whose attractions include El Junco lake, León Dormido [Sleeping
Lion] rock, Lobos island and Tijeretas hill.
On Santa Cruz island, the Charles Darwin
Research Station has been working for decades on various conservation projects. This island is home to the long-living giant Galapagos tortoises, which survive for an average
of 150 years. Floreana, Genovesa, Santiago,
Española, Seymour Norte, Plazas, Santa Fé
and Isabela are the habitat of many of the
endemic species to be found in this paradise.
The Galapagos marine reserve was, like
the archipelago, declared a Natural Heritage
Site by UNESCO and is one of the top places
in the world for snorkelling and scuba diving.
Visitors can snorkel and dive in the company
of whales, manta rays, swordfish, turtles, sea
lions, hammerhead sharks, whale sharks
and several other impressive species.
37
38
Coast: Where the green beaches meet the
sea.
From north to south, lovely beaches line
the Ecuadorian Pacific, interspersed with
ports, fishing villages and modern towns.
Lush, leafy protected forests flourish with
their giant damp terracotta roots. The highest
mangroves in the world (64 metres) can be
found in the Majagual forest in the CayapasMataje Ecological Reserve.
The sea breeze caresses the “Ruta del
Sol” [Route of the Sun] that winds its way
along lonely beaches and picturesque fishing
villages and is also the route to attractive
modern beach resorts, such as Salinas and
the thriving fishing and tourist port of Manta.
From Puerto López, you can spot the humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) that
swim north from the Antarctic to mate every
year between June and October. In Machalilla National Park, the sea, virgin beaches and
woodlands are entwined with the history of
pre-Colombian and pre-Inca cultures. Bahía de Caráquez, a pretty, eco-friendly town
on the shores of the Pacific, is the point of
departure to reach tropical dry forests and
archaeological sites. In Esmeraldas, the tropical greenery and long beaches seamlessly
blend into one another.
Andes: The avenue of the volcanoes
In the mythical Andean mountain range,
volcanoes over five thousand metres high
tower above you with their eternal snow and
glaciers of ancient ice. The highest active
volcano in the world, Cotopaxi (5,897 m.),
is the perfect backdrop to charming villages
and fertile valleys. Chimborazo (6,310 m.)
has five summits soaring above rocky flanks
and a vast Andean paramo. Cayambe (5,790
m.) is the only snow-capped mountain at latitude zero on the planet. According to the indigenous cosmovision, the twin peaks of the
Ilinizas, north and south (5,116 m. and 5,263
m. respectively), are thought to be a couple,
one male and the other female. The colossal
Antisana (5,704 m.) has two cones joined by
a shallow saddle.
The length of the Andean range is filled
with amazing paramos or moorlands, lakes,
rivers, waterfalls, hot springs, misty woods,
valleys, indigenous markets, quaint villages,
historical colonial towns and modern cities.
Another recurrent feature throughout the
“Avenue of the Volcanoes” is the haciendas,
or old farms, dating back to colonial times,
many of which now grow roses, summer
flowers and orchids. These comprise the
“Ruta de las Flores” [flower route], along
which tourists can enjoy the manifold colours and aromas of the blossoms.
Amazon: From the Andean peaks to the
jungle
Out of the exuberant, intense vegetation
of the Amazon basin, volcanoes like Sangay
and El Altar rise up with their numerous jagged peaks. Reserves and national parks are
home to hundreds of species of birds and
fish. This land is also inhabited by tapirs,
anacondas, boa constrictors, turtles, lizards,
jaguars, deer, armadillos, bears, monkeys
and giant rodents ... Ecuador has the highest
diversity of animals and plants per square
kilometre in the world. It ranks third in variety of amphibians and fifth in swallowtail
butterflies.
39
Tropical rain forests and immense lakes
make up Cuyabeno Fauna Production Reserve, a privileged nature reserve inhabited
by reptiles and pink dolphins. Limoncocha
Biological Reserve contains the lake of the
same name, the habitat of the black caiman. Another area of great natural beauty is
Sumaco-Napo Galeras National Park, which,
along with Yasuní, has been declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.
Ecuador provides the easiest access to
the Amazon region. In just a few hours you
can descend “from the Andean peaks to the
jungle.”
EL SALVADOR
EL SALVADOR
El Salvador is the smallest and most densely populated of the Central American states. Beaches, mountains, volcanoes, landscapes, natural reserves and an important
archaeological and ecological heritage, with
colonial and pre-Colombian remains, provide El Salvador with a vast number of tourist
attractions. It has about 2,000 archaeological sites that showcase the presence of the
Maya and Olmeca cultures. Of particular
importance are the archaeological remains
of the San Andrés Pyramids, Joya de Cerén
[Jewel of Cerén], Cihuatán, Quelepa, Tazumal
and Tehuacán.
Location: To the north and east of Honduras,
south of the Pacific Ocean and west of Guatemala.
Capital: San Salvador
Language: Spanish
Currency: Dollar
Climate: Mainly warm, with a rainy season
between the months of May and October,
and a dry season from November to April. On
its Pacific coast the sea breeze brings moisture and heat.
TRAVEL AROUND EL SALVADOR
Ruta de Las Flores [Flower Route]: Culture, history, ecotourism, extreme sports and
infinite gastronomic options have made the
Ruta de las Flores one of the fastest growing
tourist destinations.
40
Ruta Sol y Playa [Sun and Beach Route]:
El Salvador has more than 300 km of coastline, with yellow and black sand beaches,
warm water all year round, and waves for
surfing at an international level.
The rocky reefs for scuba diving and
snorkelling make the bay and the estuaries
a haven for aquatic sports.
Mundo Maya [Maya World]: Experience
one of the most advanced cultures of humanity; archaeological sites reveal the Maya
culture, the daily life of its ancient inhabitants, the monumental sites of worship, especially Joya de Cerén [Jewel of Cerén], one
of the most important archaeological sites in
the world, declared a World Heritage Site by
UNESCO in 1993.
Ruta del Café [Coffee Route]: The Salvadoran coffee forest is home to exceptional
biodiversity, history, traditions, folklore and a
hard-working culture. Visitors can experience this way of living and working by taking
part in the collection and processing of coffee; but the process begins at cultivation.
Visiting these mountainous areas also
provides an opportunity for adventure tourism or extreme sports within the coffee forests, such as: rappelling, hiking, bikini and
canyoning.
Ruta El Boquerón [El Boquerón Route]:
Six imposing volcanoes, famous for their history of eruptions, among these the Los Volcanes complex, including Santa Ana Volcano or
Llamatepeq, which is 15 km from the city of
Santa Ana, and Izalco Volcano, internationally
known as El Faro del Pacífico [The Lighthouse of the Pacific].
San Miguel Volcano, or Chaparrastique,
has erupted at least 26 times in the last 304
years; it still emits gases through its vents.
San Vicente Volcano, or Chinchontepec, is
about 50 km from San Salvador; the Caldera
de Ilopango and the stunning San Salvador
Volcano, or Quezaltepec, are only 7 km from
centre of the capital city.
integrated regional tourism, since it includes
wonderful nature, majestic volcanoes and
several cities that were built during the time
of the Spanish colony.
Ruta Artesanal [Artisan Route]: This interesting route integrates different types of
attractions, such as the highlands, artisan
villages, eco-tourism locations, charming
cities with beautiful murals, areas with plenty of tourism services such as hostels and
restaurants, artisan cooperatives in which
the tourist can be involved in the creation
of his own souvenirs made of fine woods
and painted by hand; one can also roam the
pine-smelling hills and enjoy outdoor cultural
activities.
Ruta de Paz [Route of Peace]: Experience the serenity and peace of a magnificent
mountainous region, with many natural tourist attractions such as rivers, hills, caves
and viewpoints. Get to know the history behind the civil war of the 1980s, as told by the
protagonists and exhibited in the museum,
visit important memorial sites, participate
in artistic events such as the winter festival, camp out on peaceful plains, go horse
riding or mountain biking through stunning
scenery.
Ruta Colonial y de los Volcanes [Colonial
Route and Volcano Route]: A multi-destination itinerary that goes through Central America following the old Camino Real [Highway]
that the Spanish built over pre-existing indigenous routes, parallel and transverse to the
volcanic mountain range of the Pacific coast.
Within the tourism industry, this route is considered to be the most important example of
41
UNITED STATES
UNITED STATES
The U.S. is a Constitutional Federal Republic comprising 50 states and a federal
district. Most of the country is located in the
centreof North America, where its 48 contiguous states and Washington D.C.,the district capital, are to be found.
MEGA-DIVERSE COUNTRY
17,000 species of vascular plants populate the United States and Alaska, and over
1,800 species of flowering plants are found
just in Hawaii, few of which grow on the continent. The country is home to more than 400
species of mammals, 750 species of birds
and 500 species of reptiles and amphibians.
More than 91,000 different kinds of insects
have also been discovered here.
NATIONAL PARKS
National Park of the United States represents all the National Parks throughout the
United States. As of March 2009 there were
58 national parks. Yellowstone National Park,
created in 1872, was the first national park
in the United States and in the world. It was
followed in 1890 by Yosemite National Park
and the Sequoia National Park. The most
recent national park, established in 2004, is
the Great Sand Dunes National Park in Colorado.
Location: The U.S. is bordered by Canada to
the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is located in the northwest of
the continent, with Canada to the east and
is separated from Russia to the west by the
Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is a Polynesian archipelago in the middle of the Pacific
Ocean and is the only U.S. state not located
in America. The United States also possesses
several territories in the Caribbean Sea and
in the Pacific Ocean.
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Area: 9,826,675 square kilometres
Capital: Washington D. C.
Language: English
Currency: U.S. Dollar
Climate: The U.S. experiences most types of
weather. To the east of the 100th meridian,
the climate ranges from humid continental in
the north to humid subtropical in the south.
The southern tip of Florida and the Hawaiian
Islands have a tropical climate. The Great
Plains west of the 100th meridian are semiarid, while much of the western mountains
have an alpine climate. In the Great Basin
and the southwest deserts the climate is arid
while coastal California enjoys a Mediterranean climate with the southern coast of Alaska, Oregon and Washington is under the influence of an oceanic climate. The climate in
most of Alaskan territory is subarctic or polar.
Government: Representative, the people
elect democratically
TRAVEL AROUND UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON
A major tourist spot, adorned with monuments and buildings of special architectural
interest. Thehighlights of the city environs
include the U.S. Capitol, the Washington Monument, the Lincoln Memorial, the National
Monument to World War II, the White House,
the residence of the President of the United
States and the seat of the United States government, the National Air and Space Museum, the Hirshhorn Museum and the Sculpture Garden.
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NEW YORK
Tourism represents one of the city’s major economic activities. Forty million local
and foreign tourists pass through New York
every year. Principal destinations include the
Empire State Building, Ellis Island, Broadway
theatres, museums such as the Metropolitan
Museum of Art, Central Park, the Rockefeller
Center, Times Square, the Bronx Zoo and the
Botanical Gardens. Other new attractions are
the four impressive artificial waterfalls with
heights of between 30 and 40 meters designed by the Danish / Icelandic artist Olafur
Eliasson. These artificial waterfalls are located in the East River and can be enjoyed from
the shore and from boats.
LOS ANGELES
This city is one of the world’s principal
cultural, economic,scientific and entertainment centres. It has hosted two Olympic
Games (1932 and 1984), as well as Miss
Universe in 1990 and 2006, and is home to
many cultural and scientific institutions.
the Museum of Contemporary Art of Chicago,
the Oriental Institute, the Shedd Aquarium,
the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago and the Adler Planetarium.
GRAND CANYON
The Grand Canyon, also known in Spanish as the Gran Cañón del Colorado,is a
colourful, steep gorge carved out by the Colorado River in northern Arizona, USA. The
Canyon is located mostly within the Grand
Canyon National Park (one of the major national parks in the United States).
NIAGARA FALLS
The Niagara Falls is a group of waterfalls
located on the Niagara River in eastern North
America on the border between the United
States and Canada. The Falls are located
about 236 meters above sea levelwhere the
water plunges 52 metres to the river below.
CHICAGO
Chicago, known colloquially as the “Second City” or the “Windy City”, is the third
most populated city in the United States,
after New York and Los Angeles. In 1998,
Chicago officially opened the Campus Chicago Museum, a 10-acre park overlooking the
lake and combining three major museums:
the Field Museum of Natural History, the
Shedd Aquarium and the Adler Planetarium.
Chicago Campus Museum was built in the
southern part of Grant Park. Some of the
major museums and art galleries includethe
Art Institute of Chicago, the Chicago Cultural
Center, the Field Museum of Natural History,
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GUATEMALA
GUATEMALA
República de Guatemala, es un país
sitThe Republic of Guatemala is a country
in Central America with an extensive indigenous community, which is a product of Maya
heritage and Spanish influence during the
colonial period. As a result, it is considered
to be a multicultural, multilingual, multiethnic
country, rich in natural beauty.
southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the south.
NATIONAL SYSTEM OF PROTECTED AREAS
Climate: The central plateau has a mild climate, with an average year round temperature of 15°C. The climate in the coastal
regions is more tropical; the Atlantic coast is
wetter than the Pacific coast, with an average temperature of 28.3°C. The rainy season
occurs between May and November, and
annual rainfall in the northern region varies
between 1,525 mm and 2.540 mm.
The National System of Protected Areas
(SIGAP) is made up of all the protected areas
in the country and the entities that administrate them. It was created in 1989 for the
conservation, rehabilitation and protection of
the biological diversity and natural resources
of Guatemala.
32.09% of the national territory is in
the protected area system, with a total of
243 national, municipal and private protected regions, which make up an area of
3,493,939,33 hectares.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
With regard to Intangible Cultural Heritage, Guatemala has several declarations that
are protected by the State, among which are:
la Huelga de Dolores from San Carlos de
Guatemala University, according to Ministerial Agreement 275-2010, el Convite del 8 de
Diciembre from the Chichicastenango Municipality, according to Agreement 347-2010,
and the Cofradía de San Marcos Evangelista,
according to Ministerial Agreement 5322010.
Location: It borders Mexico to the west and
north, Belize and the gulf of Honduras to
the east, Honduras and El Salvador to the
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Capital: Guatemala City
Language: Spanish; as well as 23 Maya dialects
Currency: Quetzal
TRAVEL AROUND GUATEMALA
Tourism in Guatemala has grown progressively; it is an attractive destination due
to its rich and varied natural beauty, such as
its long white and dark sand beaches, coral reefs and abundant flora and fauna, as
well as its archaeological treasures, colonial
history and culture that is expressed in its
customs and typical cuisine.
TIKAL
The city of Tikal was built and inhabited
during a period when the Maya culture was
at its height of literary and artistic expression. It was ruled by a dynasty of 16 kings,
and the Maya people of Tikal built a number
of temples, a ball park, altars and stelae in
high and low relief.
BASILICA OF ESQUIPULAS
One of the biggest tourist attractions is
the Basilica of Esquipulas, which houses the
venerated image of the Black Christ, considered to be miraculous, attracting thousands
of visitors, national as well as foreign, who
are devotees of Catholicism.
traditional Guatemalan music and includes a
museum of traditional musical instruments.
GÜIJA LAKE
The landscape seen from the small islands on the lake, such as Teotipa, is an
intense green - the result of abundant ve-
PETÉN
Home to archaeological treasures that
are a magnet for national and foreign tourists, Petén possesses incomparable and
innumerable natural beauties, such as the
Jobtzinaj grottos, as well as Naj Tunich, the
cave that sparked interest among archaeologists in Maya caves; the lakes of Petén
Itzá, Yaxhá and Sacnab, among others, which
despite their small size are breathtakingly
beautiful, and the majestic and crystalline
rivers that snake through the jungle, through
the Petén basin as well as the Mirador and
Usumacinta basins.
SACATEPÉQUEZ
The archaeological sites are located
in Antigua Guatemala, among them: the
Metropolitan Cathedral, Capitanes Generales Palace, Noble Ayuntamiento Palace,
Archbishop’s Palace and La Merced Church,
where Jesus of Nazareth is worshipped, a
splendid example of colonial imagery. San
Francisco Church is Hispanic Baroque style,
home to the tomb of Santo Hermano Pedro
de Bethancourt; Santa Clara, La Recolección
Church, Capuchinas, which is the fifth and
last convent founded in Santiago; Popenoe
House has its original furniture and kitchen,
and K’ojom House, which is located on Recolección Street, is a research centre into
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getation, where the nance, cedar, volador,
mahogany, granadillo, rubber and chichipince trees stand out; an ideal habitat for birds
such as the ketzel, conzontli and American
lark, as well as many reptiles such as snakes
and lizards.
IZABAL
The Dulce River is considered to be one of
the most beautiful natural attractions of the
Republic – its magnificence impresses national and foreign tourists alike. As does the
shore of Izabal Lake with its white sand beaches, such as Dorada Beach, which draws a
large number of visitors. On the Amatique
Bay, Izabal offers several attractions that reflect the tropical landscape and the beauty of
the Caribbean Sea, among others: Punta de
Palma, Playa la Graciosa, Punta de Manabique and los Cayos del Diablo.
PACAYA VOLCANO
This volcano is shared with the department of Guatemala, but it is in San Vicente Pacaya and its villages, Bejucal, El Cedro,
El Patrocinio, Los Chagüites and San Francisco de Sales where this giant displays its
most impressive features. It is an ideal place
for hiking, learning about geology and natural history, nature photography, excursions or
a simple walk.
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GUYANA
GUYANA
Capital: Georgetown
Location Guyana is a nation located in the
tropical part of the Atlantic Ocean, north of
the equator. It borders Suriname to the east,
Brazil to the southwest and Venezuela to the
west.
Currency: Guyanese dollar
Language: English, frequently spoken with a
Caribbean-creole lilt
Climate: Tropical and humid. Two rainy
seasons: May to August and November to
January
Economy: The country’s principal activity is
agriculture (rice and sugar), bauxite and gold.
TRAVEL AROUND GUYANA
This beautiful land of many waters is a
tropical paradise for nature and adventure
lovers. More than 80 per cent of its land is
virgin forest. Bring in its rainforests, waterfalls, wildlife and indigenous culture and
Guyana becomes one of the most biodiverse
countries in the world.
Guyana has one of the world’s most
impressive waterfalls, the Kaieteur Falls,
a natural wonder where the water plunges
822 feet, five times the height of the Niagara
Falls. Over 868 bird species from 72 different
families provide some particularly extraordinary bird sightings. Trekking and fishing also
provide interesting alternatives for tourists.
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The capital, Georgetown, is known as the
Garden City and is famed for its rich architecture and numerous wooden mansions,
canals and levees; memories of the English
and Dutch colonial past.
Referred to as the Land of the Six Peoples, Guyana brings together people from
Asia, Africa and Europe. Nine Amerindian
groups inhabit the country, each with its
own language and customs. The country’s
culture, music, gastronomy, architecture and
religion are diverse. Favourite dishes include Pepper Pot, Metagee, Madras Curry and
bunjal.
This piece of the Caribbean, sitting on the
edge of South America, is home to friendly
people with its own culture and nature; a
South American treasure waiting to be discovered.
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HAITI
HAITI
Known as the “Pearl of the Caribbean”,
Haiti is marked by two distinctive milestones:
the discovery of the Americas with the arrival
of Christopher Columbus in 1942, and the
island of La Española and its designation at
the end of the XIX century as the first black
republic in the world.
Location: The Atlantic Ocean is to the north,
the Caribbean Sea is to the south, Dominican Republic is to the east and Cuba is to
the west.
Capital: Port-au-Prince
Language: French and Creole (Haitian Creole)
Currency: Gourde
This gives rise to very special scenery: hillsides kissed by ocean waves.
In Haiti there are three national parks:
the Historic National Park in the north; and
Macaya and La Visite National Parks in the
south. The latter, just a few kilometres from
the capital, has been declared a UNESCO
Biosphere Reserve.
Haiti possesses unique nature spots,
such as the Bassin Blue natural pools (Jacmel) and the Saut d’Eau waterfall (Mirebalais); or caves such as the Marie Jeane
Grotto (Port-à-Piment), which is a place of
worship for the Taino people.
Climate: Tropical, semiarid, with two rainy
seasons, one from April to May and the other
from September to October.
For visitors who prefer the ocean, there
are 1,700 km of coastline distributed between the Arcadins Coast and Fer Coast, or
Port-Salut, in the south, and Cormier or Labadee in the north.
Culture and Festivals
TRAVEL AROUND HAITI
History lovers can find unique places in
Haiti, such as the Citadel, considered to be
the largest fort in South America; the Palace
and the Chapel of Sans Souci are an architectural ensemble that has been declared a
UNESCO Heritage Site.
The principal tourist attractions in Haiti include artisan woodwork and ironwork,
and the papier maché technique in Jacmel,
which all produce small works of art; as well
as the naïve art that depicts daily village life,
in addition to traditional festivals and gastronomy.
Nature
Carnival is the biggest celebration in the
country. The parades of decorated floats, the
costumes, the music and the dancing take
over the streets and flood the lives of Haitians with colour and joie de vivre.
Haiti is a country of breathtaking natural
beauty. More than half of the island is made
up of mountains with a gradient of over 40%.
Another element unique to Haitian culture is its close link with the voodoo religion,
practised by more than half the population;
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it is a tradition associated with the arrival of
slaves from Africa to South America.
Haitian music is a blend of the different
peoples who have inhabited the island, especially the Europeans (French and Spanish)
and the Africans.
Gastronomy
As with its music, Haitian food is born
from a fusion of flavours from the different
peoples who have inhabited the island, combined with the classic Caribbean dishes,
such as the national rice dish (with beans)
and banane pesé (fried green banana).
In general, Haitian dishes are spiced and
accompanied by hot sauce. Try the tchaka
(corn with beans and other ingredients), griot
(spiced fried pork), the soupe en giraumond
and bouillon of veal or chicken.
Since Haiti is an island, there is a lot of
fish, either cooked in sauce or grilled, as well
as lobster and prawns. Try the lambi, giant
hermit shells with Creole sauce.
As a Caribbean country, it is an ideal
place for tropical fruit, such as mangoes,
pineapple, corosoles, papaya, pomegranate,
peaches and the fique ti malic, the tastiest
banana. And of course the two most emblematic products of Haitian gastronomy are
coffee and sugarcane rum. Haiti has some of
the best coffee in the world, and Barbancourt
rum and the national beer, Prestige, have
been honoured for their quality in international competitions.
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HONDURAS
HONDURAS
Located in the heart of Central America,
Honduras is home to extraordinary mountains and the largest coral reef in the continent, with over four thousand different species of fish and another thousand varieties of
plant and animal.
Borders: The Atlantic Ocean to the north, Nicaragua, the Gulf of Fonseca and El Salvador
to the south, the Atlantic Ocean and Nicaragua to the east, Guatemala to the west.
Area: 112,492 square kilometers
Capital: Tegucigalpa
Language: Spanish
Currency: Lempirá
Climate: Honduras has a predominantly
tropical climate, with a temperate area of
highlands that has an average annual temperature of 21oC. The lower coastal regions,
however, are warmer and wetter, with an
average annual temperature of 27oC. The
dry season is from November to May.
TRAVEL AROUND HONDURAS
Forty per cent of the country is tropical
jungle, comprising 15 national parks, 2 biosphere reserves and 10 biological reserves,
home to more than 200 species of native
bird.
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The cities of La Cieba and Trujillo are in
the Atlantic Corridor, surrounded by stunning
beaches. There is lush vegetation in places
such as Cuero and Salado, Nombre de Dios
Cordillera, Cangrejal River, Janeth Kawas
National Park, Lancetilla Botanical Gardens
and Pico Bonito Park.
Copán, the cradle of Maya civilization, is
located in the west of Honduras, with over
4,000 structures open to the public, including the Hieroglyphic Stairway, considered to
be the largest document written in stone of
the Maya world.
300 years of Spanish colonial history are
represented in more than one hundred churches and dozens of cities that have preserved their architecture from the Spanish conquest. Comayagua is the most emblematic.
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JAMAICA
JAMAICA
Jamaica es conocida como la “Tierra de
mJamaica is known as the “land of wood and
water” as there are nearly 150 rivers, as well
as waterfalls and abundant trees and plants
embellishing every corner of the island.
The rainforests and wide plains, black
and white sands, along with mineral-rich
thermal waters come together to make
landscapes similar to those of the south of
England or the African savannah.
Surface: 11,244km2
Capital: Kingston
Borders: Located in the Caribbean Sea, south
of Cuba and west of Haiti
Currency: Jamaican dollar
Language: English
Climate: Humid tropical
TRAVEL AROUND JAMAICA
Montego Bay
This has become a place of its own in the
world. Travellers have always been attracted
to this Caribbean destination just on the
strength of its name. The bay is lined by white sands, large hotels, all-inclusive resorts,
small quaint hotels, villas and apartments.
Known for its beauty and range of things to
do, Montego Bay is a place where history and
legend come together to offer the most fascinating attractions.
Magic and suspense attract foreigners
and locals alike to the bay. Visiting Rose Hall
Great House and hearing the spine-chilling
tale of the white witch, Annie Palmer, stirs up
a whole gamut of emotions.
For ultimate experiences of serenity,
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wander through historical plantations like
Greenwood and Belfield or go rafting down
the Great River or Martha Brae. Montego
Bay Marine Park spans 10 square miles of
protected waters with coral reefs and exotic
fish. Swimming off the legendary Doctor’s
Cave Beach is a true privilege as the waters
here are believed to be therapeutic.
Negril
This resort receives its visitors with a
wink of approval that says: “Feel free to do
whatever you want.” Lying on the westernmost tip of Jamaica, Negril is truly spectacular. This is the Jamaican centre for water
sports, such as scuba diving, snorkelling,
sailing, windsurfing and kayaking, among
others. Or, if you prefer, you can do nothing ...
except get a nice suntan.
Kingston
The heartbeat of Jamaica, this is the
biggest English-speaking town in the Caribbean, a cosmopolitan city vibrating like a
cultural mecca. Home to the University of the
West Indies and Jamaica Conference Centre,
Kingston is the commercial and financial hub
of the island. The majestic Blue Mountains
are the backdrop for gleaming skyscrapers
and houses built in the foothills. Tourists can
explore mansions such as the historical Devon House, enjoy performing arts at the Little
Theatre, and visit the National Gallery, which
holds a collection of Jamaican art. Kingston
is the place for admiring the pomp and ceremony of parliament, a city of museums,
theatres and galleries, as well as the birthplace of reggae.
South Coast
A trip around the South Coast starts with
the 19th century sugar plantations near the
sea port of Savanna-La-Mar. In Black River,
the Georgian architecture lining the High Street
is a treat for the eyes. This old port also offers
opportunities for spotting the country’s wildlife.
Visitors can climb to the top of YS Waterfalls
and swing on a rope above the waters of the
fall. Or you can simply find a spot for a peaceful swim off Treasure Beach, eat “escoveitched”
fish in Border, relish peppered prawn in Middle
Quarters or mix your own rum in Appleton. Take
a look at the splendid Bamboo Avenue on your
way to Mandeville; this mountain resort with its
temperate temperatures is proud of its traditions
and mansions.
Port Antonio
This is a place of palm trees, peppers and
an abundance of orchids that cannot be found
anywhere else on earth. Ferns and bananas
grow by the roadside, along with bamboo trees,
in this home of butterflies and humming-birds.
Here the grace of a bygone age blends with the
elegant beauty of nature. Port Antonio was a thriving banana trading port a hundred years ago.
Nowadays its main street, lined with royal palms
like sentinels, is the centre of activity. Tourists
can enjoy wandering round Musgrave Market
with all its handicrafts and novelties. Shops and
boutiques abound everywhere, including St.
George Shopping Village.
ficent. Strolling through the fern wood of Fern
Gully, horse-riding along the paths of Prospect
Plantation, playing polo in nearby Chukka Cove
or just unwinding on James Bond Beach (so named in honour of Agent 007, the fictitious character created by Ian Fleming, who was born in
Jamaica) is a call to relaxation at its best.
Drive westward from Ocho Rios to Discover
Bay, where Christopher Columbus landed, or
to Runaway Bay, so called as it was an escape route for slaves. Visit Seville Great House to
see indigenous and Spanish artefacts. Drop into
Green Grotto Caves or climb the hills of Nine
Miles, birthplace of the legendary Bob Marley.
Just east of Ocho Rios is Oracabessa Villa, the
famous property and vacation home of Jamaican scriptwriter Noel Coward.
Ochos Rios
Ochos Rios is famous for its waterfalls and
exotic gardens. You can climb up the world renowned Dunns River Falls with the warm water
falling around you. The tropical splendour of
Coyaba and Shaw Park Gardens is truly magni-
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MEXICO
MEXICO
Mexico is home to the world’s third largest
biodiversity. Populated by a wide range of
species such as mammals, fish, reptiles and
plants, this natural heritage serves as one of
the planet’s lungs.
Mexico has 174 protected areas, including
four UNESCO natural heritage areas.
Borders: North with the United States of
America; east with the Gulf of Mexico and
Caribbean Sea; south with Guatemala and
Belize; west with the Pacific Ocean.
Capital: Federal District of Mexico
Language: Spanish
Currency: Mexican peso (approx. 13.5 to
USD1.00)
Climate: The cold climate characterizing the
high mountains is often to be found within a
few hundred kilometres of the hottest temperatures of the coastal plain. Average temperatures range from 25°C to 30°C. May to
September is typically hot, especially on the
coast, while October to early May is cooler.
elected.
TRAVEL AROUND MEXICO
Sand and sun
The Mexican coastal area abounds with
beaches and sun. Principal hot spots include Los Cabos and La Paz in Baja California;
Puerto Penasco and Sonora on the Sea of
Cortez; Mazatlan, Sinaloa; Puerto Vallarta
and Costalegre, Jalisco; Manzanillo, Colima;
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Zihuatanejo and Acapulco, Guerrero; Puerto Escondido and Huatulco, Oaxaca, on the
Pacific coast. Cancun, Playa del Carmen,
Isla Mujeres, Cozumel and the Maya Riviera,
Quintana Roo, on the Caribbean Sea, as well
as Veracruz on the Gulf of Mexico.
Cultural tourism
Both Mexican and foreign tourists will enjoy
the local culture and the county’s heritage,
an essential part of a rewarding vacation.
Key points:
- 38 World Heritage Sites
- Culinary arts and Mariachi music, recognized as a World Heritage
- 55 “Magic Towns”
- 3,000 years of history encapsulated in the
local architecture, historical monuments,
more than 40,000 archaeological sites, handicrafts, 62 ethnic groups and others
- 10 all-encompassing Mexican Routes
- 18 Gastronomic Routes with 2,000 dishes
Hotel infrastructure incorporating 14 AAA
Five-Diamond Hotels and 637,000 rooms
throughout the country.
Cruises (Cozumel, the world’s No. 1 cruiser
destination)
World-famous Spas
(Rancho La Puerta, voted the world´s No. 1
Spa, Tecate B.C.)
Best retirement place
Home to more than 2.5 million North Americans.
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ARGENTINA
4
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MEXICO
NICARAGUA
NICARAGUA
Nicaragua is the legacy of the Tolteca,
Azteca and Maya cultures fused with the
Spanish conquest.
The country is one of the most important
destinations in Central America. Home to colonial cities such as Granada, León and Ciudad Antigua [The Old City] that have witnessed an eventful history, these heritage sites
envelope visitors in a magical colonial past.
Borders: To the north with Honduras, south
with Costa Rica, west with the Pacific Ocean
and the east with the Caribbean Sea.
Capital: Managua
Language: Spanish. English is also common
as a consequence of the colonization of the
Atlantic Coast
Currency: The Nicaraguan Córdoba
Climate: Temperatures vary between 20°C
and 28°C. The year is divided between a rainy season (May-October) and a dry season
(November-April).
Government: Democratic state with independent Powers.
TRAVEL AROUND NICARAGUA
Nicaragua is characterized by volcanoes
such as the Cerro Negro, which will captivate the more adventurous tourists; lakes, flora
and fauna and locations such as Ometepe Is-
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land, a paradise for nature lovers; as well as
sun drenched beaches and friendly people.
One of the country’s most significant cultural and religious festivals – and a national
celebration – is La Purisima [The Most Pure]
or Gritería [The Shouting] dedicated to the
Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.
The population builds altars bearing religious images of the Virgin, offers up songs
and prayers while showering her with gifts of
sweets and cakes.
Nicaraguan cuisine is based on fruits,
vegetables and white corn, used to make
the “Nacatamal” or “Indio Viejo”, one of the
country’s most popular dishes.
The most representative figure of Nicaraguan culture, literature and poetry is Rubén
Darío, an innovator of poetic meter and style.
Rubén Darío is now commonly referred to as
the “Father of Modernism” and “The Prince
of Spanish Letters”.
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PANAMA
PANAMA
Panama, like its neighbours, is committed to the responsible management and
exploitation of its natural and tourism resources. One of the country’s principal attractions
is undoubtedly the surviving ethnic groups
who have managed to retain their traditions
and culture as a result of the support and
cooperation provided by state institutions.
Promoting their self-management and government is a means of ensuring their survival and, consequently, their culture.
Location: Bordered to the north by the Caribbean Sea, to the south by the Pacific
Ocean, to the east by Colombia and to the
west by Costa Rica.
Capital: Panama City
Language: Spanish
Currency: El Balboa
Climate: Panama has a tropical climate. Temperatures are relatively high and vary little
throughout the year. During the day in Panama City, temperatures range between 24°C
(75.2°F) and 29°C (84.2°F). In the Pacific,
the temperatures are usually lower than in
the Caribbean. In the highlands and mountain regions, temperatures are generally
lower.
TRAVEL
AROUND
PANAMÁ
TRAVEL
AROUND
PANAMA
Panama City: -Old Panama-: Founded in
1519 by Pedrarias Dávila, Old Panama was
the first European settlement on the Pacific
Coast of America. Abandoned in the middle
of the 17th century, it was subsequently replaced by a new city.
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-Modern Panama-: the place to go for
tourist attractions: shopping malls, large and
modern buildings, wonderful shops, handsome old houses, hotels and casinos.
Panama Canal: A shipping channel located in Panama city, the canal marks the
narrowest point between the Caribbean Sea
and the Pacific Ocean.
Bocas de Toro: One of the region’s principal attractions is Isla Colón [Columbus
Island]. Comprising an archipelago of nine
large islands surrounded by small islets and
cays, the area abounds with a variety of marine life and is an ideal diving location.
Coclé: Land of contrasts. An area of great
archaeological importance where numerous
Huacas (temples) dating from the pre-Colombian period have been discovered, leading to speculation that this area was once
home to a highly developed civilization.
Colón: A port city on the Caribbean coast
of Panama. The city has acquired great
commercial significance for the country as
a result of the Free Trade Zone (the second
largest in the world) and the activities in the
various ports.
Chiriquí: A province of differing and extreme contrasts, incorporating coastal planes and mountains soaring to over 3,000
meters above sea level.
Comarca de Guna Yala: The majority of
the Gunas live in the southeast of Panama,
along a vast string of villages populating
about 360 islands and reefs.
Comarca Emberá: The inhabitants of this
region still live as they did when Christopher
Columbus first set foot here in the 1500s. Visitors are invited to immerse themselves in the
local dance, music and culture.
Comarca Ngöbe Buglé: Comprising
123,000 people and representing 65.5 per
cent of Panama’s total indigenous population,
this ethnic group is the most populous in the
country. The Ngöbe Buglé peoples are known
for their production of “chácaras”: bags of differing sizes made of fibre and dyes.
GASTRONOMY
Panama’s restaurants reflect the
continent’s culinary diversity, with restaurants
offering a wide variety of local and international dishes.
river Chucunaque. Other reserves include Tacarkunyala in the Paya and Pucuru communities near to the border with Colombia.
The Guna area incorporates 292 natural and cultural attractions, the most notable
being its 365 pristine islands and white sandy
beaches.
Famed for retaining its cultural traditions,
the Guna community even has its own laws.
Access is by land and the area can be reached
within two and a half hours using the LlanoCarti highway. Visitors should take time out to
admire the Nusagandi Protected Wildlife Area
of the Kuna region on the way.
Given its proximity to the coast, seafood is
fresh and abundant in Panama. The fish featuring on most menus is also the most delicious:
bass and snapper.
No discussion on Panamanian cuisine
would be complete without mentioning ceviche. This traditional dish comprises raw sea
bass marinated in lime juice, peppers and
onions. The locals consider it a delicacy.
SUSTAINABILITY
The autonomous and independent Guna
ethnic group has acquired dominance through
its administrative and management abilities.
The group’s 49 communities are spread along
the banks of Lake Bayano “Comarca Guna de
Madungandí” and in the “Comarca Guna de
Wargandí” region close to the banks of the
65
PARAGUAY
PARAGUAY
Lying in the heart of South America,
Paraguay awaits tourists with its majestic
rivers, palm forests, rich history, Guaraní tradition and the warmth of its people. It is a
country where nature and history come together, making its main cities privileged and
successful centres for conventions, congresses and fairs.
by the River Paraguay. It is the largest urban
conglomerate in the country, with cultural
centres, shopping malls, art galleries, museums, parks and everything needed for holding fairs, congresses and conventions on an
international level.
Last refuge of the Guaraní World
Asunción, with its flower-lined streets,
offers several attractions to tourists visiting
Paraguay, including the city’s Botanical Gardens and Zoo in the Trinidad neighbourhood,
where there are numerous species of animals and plants.
Paraguay is the last refuge of the “Mundo
Guaraní” [Guaraní World] with unusual jungle
landscapes, a wide variety of tree species,
diversity of flora, multicoloured orchids, galaxies of dragonflies, birds with arrays of plumage, only seen in albums, spectral colours,
and animals lost in time.
Location: Borders to the north with Brazil and
Bolivia, to the east with Brazil and Argentina,
to the south with Argentina, and to the west
with Argentina and Bolivia.
Surface: 406,752 km2
Capital: Asunción
Language: Spanish and Guaraní
Currency: Guaraní. American dollars are also
accepted.
Climate: Tropical to subtropical. Average
temperature: 25°C to 35°C in summer and
10°C to 20°C in winter.
Government: Representative; the people
elect democratically.
TRAVEL AROUND PARAGUAY
The main city is Asunción, capital of the
Republic, founded in 1537 in a bay formed
66
Cities
Another popular tourist centre is Lake
Ypacaraí, near Asunción, which has many
visitors in holiday periods and at weekends,
mainly in the towns of San Bernardino and
Areguá.
In the Alto Paraná, Ciudad del Este
(known as the Garden City) is a top destination. Founded in 1957 (previously Puerto
Stroessner), it is now the country’s second
largest city, a big nucleus for shopping on
the banks of the River Paraná, joined to the
Brazilian town Foz de Iguazú (Foz do Iguaçu)
by the “Puente de la Amistad” [Bridge of
Friendship].
The town of Encarnación is the departure
point for excursions to the Jesuit Missions of
the Holy Trinity of Paraná and Jésus de Tavarangué (declared Cultural World Heritage by
UNESCO in 1993), and also for the Shrine of
the Virgin of Itacua. The town is also famous
for the largest carnival in the country, the
“Carnaval Encarnaceno.”
The Paraguayan Chaco
In the west of the country lies the Paraguayan Chaco, a vast torrid region with palm
forests, swamps, lowland woods and dry
grasslands, abounding in extremely varied
flora and fauna.
The main places to visit include the town of
Fuerte Olimpo, in the Pantanal region (which
stretches to Brazil and Bolivia), and the Mennonite communities of Loma Plata, Filadelfia,
Neuland and Lolita.
resources, and so it is easy to understand
why it is highly prized as a tourist destination
by those seeking contact with nature.
There are options for all forms of nature tourism, adventure tourism, scientific
tourism, rural tourism, ecotourism, historical and cultural tourism, among others, in
this beautiful country. The diversity of the
ecosystem and the hospitality of the people
come together to offer the visitor a pleasant
and very enriching experience in rural or internal tourism.
Other destinations are the towns of Ayolas, Yacyretá, Atinguy - for fishing lovers, with
their reserves of “dorado” fish and where it is
also possible to find the “tigerfish.”
Yacyretá and Itaipú dams
To admire the magnificence of human
endeavour, many people visit the dams of
Yacyretá and Itaipú, the largest hydroelectric
complex in the world.
Rural and Internal Tourism in Paraguay
Paraguay is a country that still conserves
its natural wealth and its alluring biological
67
PERU
PERU
Peru is a country with 10 thousand years
of history. It was the capital of the magnificent Inca Empire, as well as of ancient civilizations with glorious histories such as Caral;
the royal tombs of Sipán – the most lavish
Latin American burial; the enigmatic Nazca
lines; and the impressive fortress of Kuélap.
Peru is a mega-diverse country. It has 84 of
the 117 zones of life. One can go from sheer
desert to vertiginous mountains to luxuriant
jungle in just one breath.
Location:
Capital: Lima
Language: Spanish
TRAVEL AROUND PERU
A wonderful country, with a gastronomy
that has made the leap into haute cuisine. A
rainbow of sounds, flavours and colours that
are displayed in more than 50 native languages still spoken today, thousands of dances
and ancient musical instruments that can be
seen and heard at festivals and processions.
Peru possesses an infinite number of tourist
destinations, home to millions of people who
await your visit with open arms.
THE ROYAL TOMBS OF SIPÁN
The Tumbas Reales del Señor de Sipán
Museum, inaugurated in 2002, is located
in the department of Lambayeque in Peru.
Its architectural design was inspired by the
ancient truncated pyramids of the pre-Inca
Moche culture, (I to VII centuries A.D.). The
museum houses more than two thousand
68
pieces of gold, and it showcases the tomb of
the Señor de Sipán, which was unearthed in
1987 by Peruvian archaeologists Walter Alva
Alva and Luis Chero Zurita. The pieces include jewellery, ceramics and burial trousseaus.
The discovery of the royal tombs marked an
important event in the continent’s archaeology, because it revealed for the first time the
magnificence and splendour of the sole ruler
of ancient Peru found to date.
NAZCA LINES
The Nazca lines are ancient geoglyphs
located in the Pampas de Jumana, in the
Nazca Desert, among the populations of
Nazca and Palpa. They were drawn by the
Nazca culture, and they are made up of several hundred figures ranging from simple lines
to complex zoomorphic, phytomorphic and
geometric figures that appear to be drawn
on the earth’s surface. The lines and geoglyphs of Nazca and the Pampas de Jumana
have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site
since 1994. However, in the last few years
they have suffered severe damage due to the
construction of the Panamerican Highway
and the ruts caused by SUVs.
KUÉLAP
Kuélap, or Cuélap, is an important archaeological site in Peru, built by the Chachapoyas culture. It is made up of an architectural
collection of enormous stones, located at the
top of a mountain 3,000 m above sea level. It
is on the left bank of the Utcubamba River, in
the province of Luya. It is estimated that it was
built around the year 1000, coinciding with the
pinnacle of the Chachapoyas culture. In native language, Kuélap means “cold place”, and
indeed, although it is in the Peruvian jungle, it
has a dry, temperate climate in the day and
very low temperatures at night. Although some
authors believe that Kuélap was a military fort,
studies by archaeologist Federico Kauffmann
Doig consider it to have been a centre of administration for food production and of worship
to bring it good fortune. It is also believed that
it was simply a fortified city.
MACHU PICCHU
Machu Picchu (from the southern Quechua
machu pikchu, “Old Mountain”) is the contemporary name given to an Inca llagta (ancient
Andean settlement) built in the middle of the
XV century on the rocky promontory that connects the mountains Machu Picchu and Huayna Picchu on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central [central highlands], in the south of
Peru. According to documents from the middle
of the XVI century, Machu Picchu would have
been one of the retreats for Pachacútec (first
Inca of the Tahuantinsuyo, 1438-1470). At the
same time, Machu Picchu is considered to be
a masterpiece of architecture and engineering.
It has been on UNESCO’s World Heritage Site
List since 1983, as part of a cultural and ecological package known as the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu. On 7 July 2007, Machu
Picchu was declared one of the new seven
wonders of the modern world.
IQUITOS
Iquitos is the metropolis of the Peruvian
Amazon and the capital of the Maynas province and the department of Loreto. It is considered to be the sixth most populous and important city of Peru, with 457,865 inhabitants.
Furthermore, it is the urban nucleus of the metropolitan area of Iquitos. A tourist city, Iquitos
is characterized as the main cultural point that
69
unites the food, customs, cosmovision and
historical references of all Loreto. Known
as the Capital of the Peruvian Amazon, it is
home to the commemorative plaque of the
Amazon River as one of the Seven Wonders
of the World.
GASTRONOMY
Peruvian cuisine is considered to be one
of the most varied and original in the world;
in the Guinness Book of Records it has the
most variety and diversity of traditional dishes in the world (491). Furthermore, over
two thousand different kinds of soup have
been recorded on the coast alone, and more
than 250 traditional desserts countrywide.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Para muchos, considerado el símbolo
de sueños vacacionales exóticos, un paraíso de sol, playa, mar y alegría. Habitado por
taínos desde el siglo VII, el territorio del país
fue descubierto por Cristóbal Colón en 1492
convirtiéndose en el lugar del primer asentamiento europeo en América, nombrado como
Santo Domingo, actual capital del país y primera capital de España en el Nuevo Mundo.
En Santo Domingo se encuentran la primera
catedral y la primera universidad hispanoamericana y el primer castillo de América, ubicados en la ciudad colonial, zona declarada
por la UNESCO Patrimonio de la Humanidad.
Límites: Al norte con el océano Atlántico, al
sur con el mar Caribe, al este con el Canal de
la Mona, que la separa de Puerto Rico, y al
oeste con la República de Haití.
Superficie: 48.442 km2
Capital: Santo Domingo
Idioma: Español
Población: 10’090.000 habitantes
Moneda: Peso Dominicano
Clima: Tropical, con temperaturas que oscilan entre 23 grados Celsius en horas de la
madrugada y 32 grados Celsius al mediodía.
TRAVEL AROUND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
República Dominicana constituye un paraíso terrenal, ubicado en el centro del Caribe. La isla goza de una exquisita belleza natural, innumerables y majestuosos paisajes
a lo largo de sus costas bañadas por playas
de arenas blancas y cocotales. Su diversidad
geográfica y sus patrimonios histórico y cul-
70
tural hacen de República Dominicana el foco
de mayor atracción turística del Caribe.
El turismo del país se ha convertido en
la industria primaria de ingresos económicos importantes; sus principales provincias
están dedicadas a dicha actividad industrial
ofreciendo una amplia gama de comodidades en la ciudad, en la montaña y en los
hoteles de las costas playeras. La República
Dominicana es uno de los principales lugares
vacacionales para los países del continente
Europeo, América del Norte (Estados Unidos
y Canadá) y también los países de Sudamérica, que escogen como destino vacacional
a República Dominicana por sus atractivos
turísticos, historia y cultura única, además
de su población caracterizada por ser alegre,
acogedora y amable.
República Dominicana cuenta con alrededor de 254 especies de aves, 22 de ellas
en peligro de extinción; 1,411 especies de
reptiles, destacándose el cocodrilo americano y la iguana Ricords como los de mayor
tamaño; 60 especies de anfibios, así como
los mamíferos manatí antillano y la ballena
jorobada. Se suman 14 parques nacionales
y nueve reservas científicas, que ocupan
aproximadamente 18% del territorio nacional; un parque submarino (La Caleta, provincia Santo Domingo); una reserva de ballenas
jorobadas (Banco de la Plata) y un santuario
de aves (Cayos Los 7 Hermanos, Montecristi).
También están el Pico Duarte, el más alto
de las Antillas; el lago Enriquillo, la laguna Gri
Gri, Bahía de las Águilas (Pedernales), Parque
Nacional Los Haitises, la Cueva de las Mara-
villas, rancho Bayguate, el salto de Jimenoa
(Jarabacoa) y Cayo Levantado (Samaná).
El merengue y la bachata son ritmos
musicales muy populares en la República
Dominicana. El merengue se toca con guira,
tambora y acordeón. Más adelante se transforma en el merengue de salón, en el que
se comienza a utilizar el piano, la trompeta y
el saxofón. La bachata, que tiene la guitarra
como instrumento principal, es un ritmo derivado del bolero, sobre todo del bolero latinoamericano de los años 30 al 50.
MONUMENTOS
Los monumentos más impresionantes
y de mayor valor histórico están en la Zona
Colonial, Patrimonio de la Humanidad desde
1990.
Otros patrimonios que se destacan son:
Catedral Santa María la Menor, Primada
de América, Ruinas de San Francisco, Iglesia de las Mercedes, Fuerte del Homenaje
o La Fortaleza, Palacio de los capitanes generales, Casa de Hernán Cortés, Puerta de
la Misericordia, Puerta del Conde, Casa del
Cordón, Alcázar de Colón, Panteón Nacional,
Altar de la Patria y Faro a Colón.
71
SAINT LUCIA
SAINT LUCIA
wonderful animal life is surrounded by magnificent marine landscapes. Visitors can take
a dip to cool off, or climb up to the fort for a
360o view.
Area: 616 square kilometres
Capital: Castries
Language: English is the official language,
but inhabitants speak a French Creole called
Patois which is used in the day-to-day.
Currency: Eastern Caribbean Dollar
Climate: Tropical, with an average temperature of 27oC; average annual rainfall varies
from 1,300 mm on the coast to more than
1,600 mm in the mountains. The rainy season is from May to August.
TRAVEL AROUND SAINT LUCIA
St Lucia’s varied topography brings together interesting elements for fantastic
adventures. The mysterious pools and mud
baths are a good place to start – excellent for
alleviating stress.
St Lucia has several different habitats for
interesting species. Endemic birds find sanctuary in its natural forests, including the emblematic whiptail from the Islas María [Mary
Islands].
Discover a “live museum” in a natural
place: Pigeon Island, a 40 acre park that
showcases many of St Lucia’s legends. Its
72
Rainforest excursions can be made in
places like Des Cartiers and Barre L’Isle. Visitors can climb the majestic Pitons peaks,
which rise up from the ocean to heights of
more than 2,600 feet. Bird watching tours
along the way can also be organized.
A trip through nature is the perfect description for zip lining, which is a ride along an
extended cable with platforms at each end,
providing panoramic views of the rainforest.
Horse riding, biking and jeep trips are also
excellent ways to explore St Lucia’s natural
beauty.
On the eastern side of the island, windsurfing and kite surfing fans can take full
advantage of the constant coastal breeze.
Alternatively, the west coast is perfect for
romantic boat trips, and dolphin and whale
watching. The calm bays and reefs along the
west coast are ideal for kayaking, jet skiing,
parasailing and sailing.
Discover innumerable underwater mysteries with Myriad Diving and their certified
instructors. The shallow reefs teeming with
coral and fish are perfect for beginner divers
and snorkellers. More experienced divers
can explore sunken ships. The island also
offers quality infrastructure for other sports,
such as golf and tennis.
73
SURINAME
SURINAME
The capital, Paramaribo, results from
a multiethnic history with strong colonial
bonds with Holland. The colonial architecture, along with the attractive native culture,
symbols and cuisine make Paramaribo the
perfect point of departure for expeditions into
this country.
An example of this fusion is kaseko music, a
complex rhythm blending African, European
and American styles, created on the basis of
percussion instruments. This music is characterized by the use of a large drum, called
“skratji”, and wind instruments such as the
trumpet, saxophone and trombone.
The city centre was declared a Cultural
World Heritage site by UNESCO in 2002.
Suriname has a wide variety of flora and
fauna. Approximately 5,100 species of moss
and vascular plants have been identified, including 600 species of trees. Of the 5,800
species of plant identified, 200 (3%) are endemic.
Surface: 163,265 km²
Borders: The Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south, French Guiana to the east
and Guyana to the west
Capital: Paramaribo
Currency: Suriname dollar
Language: Dutch
Climate: Due to its proximity to the equator, Suriname has a tropical, subequatorial
climate. The temperature does not vary
much all year round. There are two rainy
seasons, from December to early February
and from late April to mid-August.
TRAVEL AROUND SURINAME
The country is divided into ten districts:
Paramaribo, Wanica, Commewijne, Marowijne, Saramacca, Coronie, Nickerie, Para,
Brokopondo and Sipaliwini.
Surinamese culture is varied, combining
Dutch, Indonesian and indigenous aspects.
74
75
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
The birthplace of calypso music, metal
drums, limbo and Carnival, and home to the
only natural asphalt or pitch lake on earth.
Tobago has the distinction of being the inspiration for Robinson Crusoe, the novel in
which the islands of Trinidad and Tobago
were mentioned.
The republic of the twin islands, located
at the extreme south of the Caribbean, 11
km. off the coast of Venezuela.
The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an
independent state lying opposite the mouth
of the River Orinoco, on the continental platform of the eastern coast of Venezuela.
Area: 512,838 hectares
Borders: Island of Granada to the north, Venezuela to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to
the east, and the Caribbean Sea to the west
Capital: Puerto España
Currency: Trinidad and Tobago dollar
Language: English
Climate: Humid tropical with a mean temperature of 26°C to 33°C, depending on the
altitude. It is a monsoon climate, with trade
winds on the coast. In this case, due to the
abrupt relief of the islands, the winds boost
the monsoon effect with the result that rainfall is much higher than the average, between 1,500 and 4,000 mm.
TRAVEL AROUND TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Trinidad and Tobago is a country known
for its pluricultural society, with the most diverse range of people in the whole Caribbean.
76
The population of these islands is a mixture
of Afro-descendents and East Indians.
Trinidad and Tobago differ from each
other in the lifestyle of their inhabitants and
their tourism options. Trinidad offers cultural
and business tourism whereas Tobago focuses on ecological and recreational tourism.
TRINIDAD
Tourism revolves around the Carnival,
at the beginning of Lent as per the Christian
tradition. Trinidad’s Carnival is the second
largest in the world in terms of foreign visitors, size and scale, second only to that of
Río de Janeiro. Nonetheless its quality and
national participation are incomparable.
The mixture of cultures in Trinidad is
another of its tourist attractions, where African cuisine blends with delicacies of the East
Indies and the influence of Chinese and European flavours.
Trinidad is an island full of movement,
with a lively night life that can satisfy business visitors as well as show lovers, offering
productions that can rival any major event in
North America, South America, Asia or Europe.
TOBAGO
Tobago has spectacular beaches, waterfalls, reefs, flora and fauna. The African influence is prominent in Tobago, particularly
in its festival called the Heritage and Celebrations of Emancipation.
The variety of fauna, with countless species of birds, insects and animals that are
unique to the islands, the miraculous pitch
lake, bewitching caves, historical buildings
and relics that transport us back to times
long past, world-famous indigenous products, quality services, picturesque beaches,
breathtaking waterfalls with crystal-clear
water, the constantly evolving melting-pot
of cultures, living ethnological wonders, festivals, people and cuisine from all over the
world – all live side by side in a single tropical home.
77
URUGUAY
URUGUAY
The country has over 120,000 square
kilometres of territorial sea, plus the waters
of its rivers and lakes. Immersed in a landscape of pastures and highland mountains
of singular beauty, Uruguay oozes a sense
of peace and tranquillity, that captivates its
visitors and invites them to stay there for a
while, or forever.
The conservation and care of the environment have positioned Uruguay as one
of the countries with the best indicators of
sustainability, recognized by numerous international organizations, which bear tribute to
its quality of life.
Surface: 176,215 km²
Borders: Brazil to the north and north-east,
Argentina to the west; to the south the Río de
la Plata [River Plate] and the Atlantic Ocean
Capital: Montevideo
Population: 3,251,526
Currency: Uruguayan Peso
Language: Spanish
Climate: Uruguay’s climate is temperate and
humid (average temperature 17°C), with
warm summers and more or less homogeneous rainfall all year round.
TRAVEL AROUND URUGUAY
Uruguay offers endless natural landscapes, along with cultural and heritage vistas,
all within a few kilometres of each other, making it a natural destination par excellence.
Deserted or action-packed beaches, natural
pastures or vast wetlands, hot springs, historical centres that are World Heritage Sites,
78
bird-watching and whale-spotting are just a
few of the many options that Uruguay has to
offer.
Uruguay’s tourist destinations include
Punta del Este, Montevideo, Colonia del Sacramento, Salto, Lavalleja and Rocha, among
others. Punta del Este is the most visited sea
resort although tourists also seek out other
coastal destinations, such as Atlántida or Piriápolis.
Colonia is a town that has kept its charm
and the beauty of its colonial architecture. It
has been recognized by UNESCO as a World
Heritage Site and is a living testimony of
the whole era of the Spanish conquest. Its
streets and stones tell of invasions, battles,
ransacking, and more than one love story. As
we wander through the town, we are imbued
with a continuous range of emotions stirred
up by its houses, courtyards, wells, churches
and ruins until the fall of night, when we can
wait and watch the colour of the river fade
to black.
79
59
VENEZUELA
VENEZUELA
Venezuela, officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is located in the
northern part of South America. It consists
of a continental region and a large number
of small islands in the Caribbean Sea. As a
result of having the island territories, it has
sovereignty over nearly 860,000 km² of the
Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean under the
concept of Exclusive Economic Zone. Its
favourable geographic position, variety of
landscapes, wealth of flora and fauna, artistic expression, and privileged tropical climate
make every region enjoyable, year round especially the beaches. These features have
allowed Venezuela to develop its tourism industry considerably.
Area: 1,476,445 km²
Borders: The continental territory has the
Caribbean Sea to the north, Colombia to the
west, Brazil to the South and Guyana to the
east.
Capital: Caracas
Currency: Bolivar
Official language: Spanish
Climate: The country’s privileged tropical
climate makes every region enjoyable year
round (especially the beaches)
TRAVEL AROUND VENEZUELA
Venezuela is home to some of the world’s
greatest natural masterpieces, including: the
largest waterfall in the world, Angel Falls, or
Kerepacupai Vena in the indigenous language; the largest lake in South America, Lake
Maracaibo; and the third largest river in
South America, the Orinoco.
Surprisingly, Venezuela has the highest
and longest cable car in the world, the Merida Cable Car, as well as some of the oldest
80
rocks on the planet, in the region known as
the Guiana Shield.
In addition, the country has a tremendous wealth of places to visit, in its 43 National Parks, and 21 natural monuments.
One of the emblematic places in Venezuela is Margarita Island, considered a
visitor’s paradise. The island has a modern
infrastructure and great beaches for extreme
sports, as well as castles, forts, and churches of great cultural interest.
Angel Falls or Kerepakupai Vená, meaning
“jump (or fall) from the deepest place,” is the
highest waterfall in the world, with a height
of 979 m. (807 m. of uninterrupted fall). This
natural space, has been protected as a National Park since 1962 and was declared a
World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994. It
extends over an area of more than 30,000
km² in the Canaima National Park in the state
of Bolivar, on the mastiff known as the Guiana Shield. The Guiana Shield is a geological
formation which is considered to be one of
the oldest regions of the Earth, extending into
parts of Venezuela, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname,
French Guaiana, and Colombia.
Lake Maracaibo, in the west of Venezuela, in the state of Zulia, this lake has been
in existance since the quaternary period. It
is believed that it may have been formed 40
million years ago by the sinking of a large forest. It was called Coquibacoa by the native
people. Because of its size, it is considered
to be an interior sea, or bay. It extends across
nearly 13,820 km², making it the largest lake
in South America and Latin America. The
Maracaibo Basin generates nearly 10% of
the atmospheric ozone of the planet and is
one of the richest petroleum areas in the
world. Also, the Catatumbo Lightning takes
place there, a phenomenon that generates 1,176,000
flashes of lightning per year.
The Orinoco River, is one of the longest rivers in
America, extending some 2,140 km. It is the third most
voluminous river in the world, after the Amazon and the
Congo, with an average volume of approximately 33,000
cubic meters per second.
The name of the river comes from the Otomaco people, who called it the Orinucu, and according to Alejo Carpentier, “the Orinoco is a materialization of time in the
three Agustinian categories – time past (the time of memory), time present (the time of intuition), and time future
(time of waiting).”
Surprisingly, Venezuela has the highest and longest
cable car in the world, the Merida Cable Car. In addition,
it has a wealth of places to visit, including 43 National
Parks, and 21 natural monuments. It also has one of the
most emblematic places in Venezuela, Margarita Island,
considered to be a visitors’ paradise. The island has a
modern infrastructure and great beaches for extreme
sports, as well as castles, forts, and churches of great
cultural interest.
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to see a map including depths, of Lake Kinnelon

3 nights INCENTIVE

Xero House

ing as well as ideal for growing macadamia nuts, coffee, tropical