Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 t - GloBallast

Transcription

IHS Maritime
Guide to Ballast Water
t
Treatment Systems 2014
Sponsored by
www.sea-web.com/news
IHS Maritime | Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014
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Contents
4
6
10
12
14
46
48
© 2014 IHS
Introduction
As the tenth anniversary of the Ballast Water Management
Convention approaches, it seems unlikely that there will be
celebrations considering the delays and continued uncertainty
Convention time line – IMO update
IMO continues to work towards convention ratification
How systems work
An explanation of the principles behind ballast water
management technology
Systems update
An update on what different ballast water management
systems have to offer
Systems status table
Your quick guide to the current approval status of different
commercial systems
Shipowners fear regulation breach
Shipowners find they have a complex legal maze over ballast
water management issues
Partnership is key
RWO says it is technology and bespoke services that lead to
repeat orders
3
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The log jam is
still growing
> Another year has passed and the
International Maritime Organization’s
(IMO’s) Ballast Water Management (BWM)
Convention remains close to but not at
the ratifications needed for it
to come into force. The
delay has been so long
that some among the
ranks of ballast water
manufacturers must be
anxious to get started
on the thousands
of retrofits, thinking
that the hoped-for
bonanza will never arrive.
Since the last issue of this
guide, a few more signatures
have been added, but at least
three more are still required
if Panama cannot be
persuaded to sign. IMO
Secretary General Koji
Sekimizu’s serious concern
over the lack of progress
appears not to be matched
by his fellow countryman
and International Chamber
of Shipping (ICS) chairman,
Masamichi Morooka.
The head of the shipowners’
association said recently
that the organisation he
leads will continue to
refrain from actively
encouraging those
© 2014 IHS
administrations that have yet to ratify the
BWM Convention to deliver the additional
ratifications that would bring about
immediate entry into force.
Of course, both are entitled to
their opinion, but events in the
US, where rules are already in
place requiring ships to be fitted
with an approved system (even
though no such system currently
exists), will mean that some
owners at least will be obliged to
bite the bullet and fit a system
on their vessels.
The big crunch will come
when the convention is
eventually adopted. Very
few of the newbuildings
launched since the convention
was initially planned to come
into force have actually been
equipped with a treatment
system. The space for one
has usually been built
into the engine room
layout, making retrofit
easier, but these vessels,
along with all existing
ships, will have to join the
scrum for yard space for
a system to be fitted.
Even the extended
roll-out over five years is
starting to look difficult
to achieve.
4
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Delays for all reasons
> As the 10th anniversary of the 2004 IMO
Ballast Water Management Convention
approaches, many ship operators are
probably trying to hide their secret
pleasure that Panama and several
other maritime nations have
so far held out against all
the pleadings of regulators
to get the convention
ratified as soon as
possible. There are now
38 signatories to the
convention, with only
30 required, but these
represent only slightly
more than 30% of
world tonnage, while
35% is needed.
The convention was
adopted in 2004 but
the lack of approved
systems at the time was
the main reason why
rolling deadlines were set
for new vessels built in 2009
with certain sizes of ballast
tank. More recently, other
issues affecting the convention’s
implementation have been identified,
causing IMO member states to further
delay ratification.
One of these issues has been the obvious
disconnect between the approval of systems
and the future policing of the ballast water
discharge standards by Port State Control
authorities. With almost any other technology
employed onboard a modern ship it is
possible for the crew to ascertain if a piece of
equipment is operating as it should. In some
cases this is done by sensors that can measure
© 2014 IHS
such things as temperature, levels of NOx
or SOx, and in others by mere virtue of the
fact that the engine is turning and things are
behaving normally.
With ballast water this is most definitely
not the case. Providing the ballast water
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passes through the system from the intake
to the tanks, the crew can only assume the
system is working as it should. The ballast
treatment standards contained in the D2
regulation of the convention involve the
disinfection of ballast water to remove
microscopic organisms, which may or
may not be present in the water when
ballasting takes place. There is as yet
no means by which ship crew can
detect if organisms are present
and if so in what quantity.
Neither is there any way that
the crew can determine
if, after treatment, the
organisms present have
been rendered unviable
or killed.
It is this lack of control
over the quality of
ballast water on board,
coupled with some earlier
aggressive posturing by
states over enforcement
of the convention, that
has caused loudly voiced
distrust by the shipping
industry. That distrust has been
picked up on by regulators, perhaps
realising that without support from
the ship operators, some states would
continue to hold out against ratification.
management systems in the type
approval process.
In a submission to the IMO’s MEPC
64 in October 2012 a group comprising
representatives from Bahamas, Greece,
Japan, Liberia, and Panama, together
with industry bodies ICS, Intertanko,
Intermanager, BIMCO, and SIGTTO expanded
on the concerns, explaining that this could
mean that type-approved systems that are
operated according to their manufacturers’
specifications could be non-compliant if the
discharge is tested by PSC.
This was followed up at BLG 17 in February
2013, when the same group argued that no
sampling exercises should be undertaken
before the IMO had completed robust,
transparent, and simple PSC sampling
guidelines. The sub-committee agreed and a
draft circular on guidance relating to ballast
water sampling and analysis was passed
forward to MEPC 65. This included a trial
period during which sampling would be
carried out without any sanction, but in which
port states would still have the authority to
issue deficiencies and detain vessels should
the certification and necessary ballast water
management documentation contravene
requirements. Some members of the group
stressed the need to ensure that the sampling
and analysis procedures are no more stringent
than those required for type approval.
The trial period recommended by BLG 17
was for two-to-three years following entry
into force of the convention, with member
states encouraged to immediately begin using
the sampling and analysis procedures for
scientific and research purposes, reporting
their findings to the sub-committee. The
US reserved its position on the suggested
principle of ‘No criminal sanctions solely on
the basis of sampling’, given that details of the
proposal still needed to be worked out.
Stringent process
As a consequence, there has been a
softening in attitude at the IMO. The Marine
Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)
Sub-committee on Bulk Liquids and Gases
meeting in 2012 (BLG 16) debated the
industry’s concerns that Port State Control’s
(PSC’s) proposed methods for sampling and
analysis were actually more stringent than
those being used to test the ballast water
© 2014 IHS
7
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type approval process. The reasons behind
this and the requested actions are contained
in a submission to MEPC 66 by ICS, BIMCO,
Intercargo, Intertanko, and WSC.
Part of the submission says that: “Ballast
water systems that have been approved to
the original guidance must be considered
prototypes, with little evidence that they will
work and continue working over time and
in all conditions to the standards required
The recommendations are now being
dealt with by the new Sub-committee on
Implementation of IMO Instruments (III)
formed in the 2013 restructuring of the IMO
committee framework.
Simultaneous with the debate over PSC
sampling was the contention that the type
approval process itself is not rigorous or
transparently applied by all states. This has
led to a call for a wholesale revision of the
> Capacity concerns
on the convention
are added later this
year, there is still
a one-year lead-in
time, so it will have
been more than
six years after the
IMO’s planned initial
deadline before
that first cohort of
vessels is obliged
to comply. If some
degree of leeway is
not agreed before
the convention is
ratified, an intended nine-year programme will be
telescoped into four.
There is of course the IMO’s own recommendation that once the convention enters
into force, a relaxed installation regime will
be adopted until such time as the convention
wording can be amended – something that is not
legally possible while the convention has been
adopted but not ratified.
It is beginning to dawn on the industry and regulators that this will be a major hurdle to overcome.
Most of the years since 2009 have set records for
ship production. So even allowing for the fact that
Shipowners often experience
problems like mussel fouling
with ballast water
IHS
Ballast water treatment systems are definitely
not cheap, can be demanding of space and,
depending upon ship size and the technology
involved, can add unwanted weight to the vessel.
It is therefore not surprising that in the depth of
a recession few owners have bothered to take
the plunge and install a system to comply with a
convention that currently has no legal force and
may not be in force for several years yet.
As a result, a backlog of newbuildings that
have ignored the requirement to have a system
fitted on delivery has built up over the past five
years or so. Even if the final signatures needed
© 2014 IHS
8
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approved systems by a specified date (date
to be determined) could be deemed to have
IMO type-approved systems, even after new
testing protocols have been adopted, for the
remaining life of the system or the vessel,
whichever is shorter”.
Whether the IMO accepts the industry’s
view remains to be seen. If it does, then a long
delay to the convention coming into force
would seem to be inevitable.
to pass the rigorous port state analysis now
being considered”. Elsewhere the submission
requests: “If the committee agrees to amend
the G8 guidelines or the convention as
described above, it would be unfair to penalise
shipowners that in good faith have already
purchased or installed type-approved BWMS
or to require them to remove and replace
their existing type-approved systems. Vessels
that are equipped with G8-based IMO type-
the largest vessels, with ballast capacities above
5,000m3, were exempt until 2012, there are likely
to be more than 12,000 vessels below four years of
age built without systems. Add in the 2,000-3,000
vessels being produced each year that the convention remains unratified and the number of ships
without systems mushrooms far beyond what was
initially perceived.
When the convention is eventually ratified,
all of those will be joining the ranks of vessels
built before 2009 and jostling in the queues
for systems and looking for yard space for
retrofits. There are cases of systems having been
retrofitted in a very short space of time, but these
are exceptional and in most cases the system
makers themselves will say that the average
time needed will be closer to 14 days. That figure
could perhaps be reduced by riding squads on
vessels making preparatory work while the ship
is operational.
For the vast majority of ships, the regular
scheduled drydocking period is about seven days
– half of the time that system makers say will
likely be needed to install a retrofit. This means
that almost every ship will lose around seven
days of operational income on top of the capital
outlay on the chosen system.
As if that were not a problem enough, the ship
Rolling deadlines were set for new vessels built in 2009
with certain sizes of ballast tanks
9
International Maritime Organization
© 2014 IHS
will be occupying drydock space that is normally
needed for other ships. Not every drydock around
the world is operating at 100% capacity, but very
few are utilised at just 50% or below, so it would
seem that the time needed to retrofit systems
cannot be absorbed by drydocks alone.
Using riding squads on almost every ship could
solve that problem, but to do that would mean a
need for personnel that conceivably do not exist in
the numbers that would be required. It also means
that equipment would need to be shipped not only
to the drydock but also to intermediate points
on an individual ship’s itinerary. Both the extra
shipping and the fact that riding squads tend to be
more expensive than drydock workers and the cost
of systems to owners grows even more.
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How systems work
> The technology used to treat ballast
water has generally been derived from
other industrial applications, such as
wastewater treatment systems, in which
forms of solid-liquid separation and
disinfection processes were applied.
The separation process concerns the
removal of solid suspended material from the
ballast water by sedimentation or straining
by means of a filter. This produces a waste
stream that comprises backwash water from
the filtering or a hydrocyclone operation. The
waste stream is discharged during ballasting.
Disinfection may be achieved in a number
of ways. Chemical treatment uses oxidising
biocides that interfere with the microorganism’s organic structure or non-oxidising
biocides that interact with reproductive
or metabolic functions. Physico-chemical
treatment systems use ultraviolet (UV) light,
heat, or cavitation. Deoxygenation is another
method, in which the organism is asphyxiated.
So, there are three fundamental ballast
water treatment
technologies, which
are generally combined
in one system. These are
mechanical, which consists
of filtration or cyclonic separation;
physical disinfection, comprising
ultrasound, UV radiation, heat,
cavitation, deoxygenation,
and coagulation; and chemical
treatment and biocides,
comprising electro-chlorination,
ozonation, chlorination, chlorine
dioxide, and advanced oxidation.
Most systems use a two-stage approach
involving mechanical separation at the first
stage, followed by a second-stage physical/
chemical treatment, at which some
systems use a combination of two or
more treatments.
Operational implications, extended
ballasting time as a result of pressure
drops, consumables needed, and energy
> Treatment technology type and symbol
Mechanical
1.
2.
Physical disinfection
Cyclonic separation
(hydrocyclone)
Filtration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Chemical treament and biocides
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Clorination
Chlorine dioxide
Advanced oxidation
Residual control
(sulphite/bisulphate)
Peraclean Ocean
© 2014 IHS
10
Coagulation/flocculation
Ultrasound
Ultraviolet
Heat
Cavitation
Deoxygenation
Electro-chlorination/electrolysis
Electro-catalysis
Ozonation
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requirements all need to be assessed (see
page 45). Shipowners and operators should
consider the design of the ballast system
pipe layout as some systems make use of
components that can be placed at various
locations around the ship.
For those systems that use active
substances to treat micro-organisms,
sufficient stocks of those substances will have
to be carried on board to satisfy the number of
units installed and the frequency and quantity
of ballast operations. Those that use the effect
of UV on water or the properties of seawater
to generate electric currents to generate
active substances do not require carriage of
further substances. IHS Maritime compares
the various technologies, each of which has its
own symbol as shown in the key on page 10.
Descriptions of each of the available ballast
water systems are provided in the next
chapter and are allocated symbols for their
technology type.
Disinfection byproducts are an issue, and
they are central to the approval of systems
that employ an active substance. Generally,
these systems treat on uptake only, with
the exception of those that use neutralising
agents before discharge.
> Physical, mechanical, or chemical?
Solid-liquid separation
against cysts unless a concentration of at least
2mg a litre is used.
Ozone gas, which is bubbled through the
water, is effective at killing micro-organisms. It
produces a bromate byproduct and requires an
ozonate generator. Chlorine dioxide is effective,
particularly in high-turbidity waters. It has a
half-life of 6–12 hours, but suppliers say it can
be safely discharged within 24 hours.
The filtration process uses discs or fixed screens
with automatic backwashing and is generally
effective for larger organisms and particles.
The low membrane permeability means that
surface filtration is not practical, so backwashing is required to maintain flow because of the
pressure drop.
As a means of removing larger particles,
hydrocyclones are a good alternative. These
separate the particles through high-velocity
centrifugal rotation of the water. Both filtration
and cyclonic separation can be improved by
pre-treatment in the form of coagulation, but
this needs extra tank space and an ancillary
powder to generate the flocculants (flocs).
Physical disinfection
When ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is used,
amalgam lamps surrounded by quartz sleeves
produce UV light, which changes the molecular
structure of the organism and thereby prevents it
from reproducing.
The deoxygenation method relies on reducing
the pressure of oxygen in the space above the
water by injecting an inert gas or inducing a
vacuum. The removal of oxygen may also lead
to a reduction in corrosion.
If heat is employed to treat the ballast water,
the water can be used to provide engine cooling
while being disinfected.
Oxidising biocides
When diluted in water, chlorine destroys cell
walls of organisms, while electro-chlorination
creates an electrolytic reaction using a direct
current in the water.
Both methods are well established municipally
and industrially, but are virtually ineffective
© 2014 IHS
11
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Systems update
PureBallast
Alfa Laval
2
3
the water to established limits before it enters
the ballast water tanks. The power used is
minimised by an automatic dimming function.
In deballasting the filter unit is bypassed.
PureBallast is also available in Zone 1, IIC,
and T4-compatible explosion-proof (EX)
versions. The design of EX systems is greatly
simplified with PureBallast 3.0. Lamp drive
cabinets can now be placed up to 150m away
from the reactors they serve, which means
the power supply can be safely located outside
the hazardous zone.
> Alfa Laval’s PureBallast, which was
developed in cooperation with Wallenius
Water, is a mature system that is now in
its third generation. PureBallast 3.0 is
a highly compact and energy-efficient
ballast water treatment system. Operating
without chemicals, it uses an enhanced
form of ultraviolet (UV) treatment to reduce
organisms in ballast water to IMO and US
Coast Guard (USCG) limits. The modular
system accommodates a wide range of
ballast water capacities and is competitive
throughout the flow range up to 6,000m3/h.
Individual PureBallast 3.0 reactors handle
300, 600, or 1,000m3/h and are connected
in parallel up to 3,000m3/h, after which
dual systems are used. In PureBallast 3.0,
the reactor construction has been rethought
inside and out. While the treatment principles
remain unchanged, the reactor’s construction
and flow have been fully optimised. One
energy-efficient reactor can now achieve
what four did before, the manufacturer says.
This has major advantages in three key areas:
space savings; energy savings; and increased
flexibility and flow. Treatment with PureBallast
3.0 consists of standard UV treatment
enhanced by Advanced Oxidation Technology
(AOT). UV light neutralises organisms either
directly or through damage to their DNA, while
AOT creates free radicals that cause irreversible
cell membrane damage. During ballasting the
incoming water first passes through the filter,
which is designed to remove organisms and
particles larger than 50µm. The water then
continues through the reactors, which treat
© 2014 IHS
AquaStar
Aqua Engineering
2
7
> The AquaStar ballast water
management system (BWMS), developed
by Aqua Engineering of Busan, has been
granted basic and final approval for the
active substance used and has type approval
in South Korea. It is available in 10 models,
from small to large, for different vessel
types and sizes. Five models have EX-proof
certificates. The two-stage process starts with
the use of a ‘smart pipe’ (which is subject
to a Korean patent) and active treatment
with sodium hypochlorite, which is formed
in situ by the electrolysis of seawater in the
ballast water main pipe. This physically affects
aquatic organisms larger than 50µm.
The second stage consists of four
independent in-line electrolyser units. Each
can be arranged independently, vertically or
horizontally. The electrolyser is controlled
from an integrated, automatic system which
has a master and local control unit and
incorporates the ballast pump. Flammable
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hydrogen gas is taken out of the vessel through
a gas separator system. Residual oxidants
are neutralised during deballasting by the
controlled injection from a neutralisation
unit of sodium thiosulphate. The AquaStar
system does not include a filtration process,
which the manufacturer claims should do away
with clogged systems and the cleaning and
replacement of units.
Anolyte
Atlas Danmark
2
filtration filter of less than 50µm, the Anolyte
portion is reported to be substantially reduced,
depending on the filter size.
CrystalBallast
Auramarine
3
> The CrystalBallast treatment system is
based on a two-step process. Automatic
filtration to remove sediment and larger
organisms is followed by an intensive
treatment using a medium-pressure UV unit
to disinfect and destroy smaller plankton,
bacteria, and pathogens. The use of automatic
filtration enables the treatment dose to be
reduced and saves energy. All organisms and
particles removed by the filter are continually
returned to the sea at the ballasting site.
The second step, CrystalBallast UV light
disinfection, is chemical-free, which removes
the risk of additional corrosion or tank coating
damage. Ballast water is treated using the
complete process during intake and re-treated
during discharge through the UV reactor only.
The re-treatment during discharge is necessary
to eliminate possible regrowth of bacteria in
ballast tanks because of cross-contamination.
The CrystalBallast Active Flow Control
(AFC) system keeps the flow within the
overall system’s maximum rated treatment
capacity. The AFC also ensures that there
is adequate counter-pressure for the filter
during the cleaning cycles. The flow data
from the AFC system is logged in the control
system memory along with the UV treatment
intensity information. CrystalBallast
systems offer advanced automation with
cross-communication with existing vessel
systems. High-quality duplex materials for the
filter screen and UV reactor give the system
a long lifetime in the extremely corrosive
environment of ballast water. CrystalBallast
7
> Named after the disinfecting agent it
uses – a biocide mixture – this system
also uses filtration and a reducing agent,
known as Catolyte. Atlas Danmark
describes the Anolyte disinfection agent
as “electrochemical-activated water” that
contains a mixture of reactive molecules
and meta-stable ions and free radicals. The
company says the disinfection agent destroys
itself during the disinfection process, thereby
ensuring that the environment and the crew
are not endangered. The Anolyte is taken
from available tanks or those built into the
vessel and is injected into the ballast water
treatment system (BWTS) by a dosing pump
that can be anywhere between the storage
tank and the ballast water intake connection.
The electrolytic cells used in the BWTS act
as the Catolyte reducing agent. During the
process, the Catolyte is fed directly to one
or more of the ballast tanks. After Anolyte
disinfection, the Catolyte is said to slightly
increase the pH value and corrosion resistance
in the ballast water tanks. Ozone and other
compounds in the Anolyte are injected during
natural flow of the ballast pumps and filters.
When added to the filtered ballast water, all
micro-organisms are reportedly killed within
a few seconds. By using a self-cleaning, pre© 2014 IHS
2
13
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Current approval status of ballast water treatment systems
Manufacturer
System
Country
Process
Alfa Laval AB
PureBallast 2.0 &
2.0EX
Sweden
Filtration, UV,
oxidation
Approved
www.alfalaval.com
Alfa Laval AB
PureBallast 3.0
Sweden
Filtration, UV,
oxidation
Approved
www.alfalaval.com
Aqua Engineering
Co. Ltd
AquaStar
Korea
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.aquaeng.kr
Auramarine Ltd
CrystalBallast
Finland
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.auramarine.
com
BIO-UV AS
BIO-SEA
France
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.bio-uv.com
Cathelco
Cathelco
UK
Filtration, UV
www.cathelco.com
Coldharbour Marine
Gas Lift Defusion
UK
Ultrasound,
deoxygenation
www.coldharbourmarine.com
COSCO Shipbuilding
Industrial Company
Blue Ocean Shield
China
Cyclonic,
filtration, UV
Dalian Marine
University
DMU OH
China
Filtration, advanced oxidation
Basic
DESMI Ocean Guard
AS
Oxyclean
Denmark
Filtration, UV,
ozonation
Final
Dow Chemical Pacific Dow Pinnacle
Singapore
Filtration,
ozonation
Ecochlor
ES
USA
Filtration,
chlorination
Final
Envirotech & Consultancy (Pte) Ltd
BlueSeas
Singapore
Filtration, electrolysis, chemical
injection
Basic
www.blueseas.
com.sg
Envirotech & Consultancy (Pte) Ltd
BlueWorld
Singapore
Filtration, electrolysis, chemical
injection
Final
www.blueseas.
com.sg
Erma First
Erma First
Greece
Cyclonic, electrolysis, electrochlorination
Final
Approved
www.ermafirst.com
Evoqua Water Technologies
SeaCURE
Germany
Filtration, electrolysis, electrochlorination
Final
Approved
www.evoqua.com
Ferrate Treatment
Technologies
Ferrate
USA
Ferrate
GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH
BallastMaster ecoP
Germany
GEA Westfalia Separator Group GmbH
BallastMaster ultraV
Germany
Filtration, UV
Hamworthy
Greenship BV
Greenship Sedinox
Netherlands
Cyclonic, electro- Final
chlorination
© 2014 IHS
14
Active
Type
Website
substance approval
approval
Final
Approved
www.cosco.com
www.dlmu.edu.cn
Approved
www.desmioceanguard.com
www.dow.com
Approved
www.ecochlor.com
www.ferratetreatment.com
Basic
www.westfaliaseparator.com
Approved
www.westfaliaseparator.com
www.hamworthy.
com
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Manufacturer
System
Country
Process
Active
Type
Website
substance approval
approval
Hanla IMS Co. Ltd
EcoGuardian
Korea
Basic
Headway Technology
Co. Ltd
OceanGuard
China
Filtration, adFinal
vanced oxidation,
electro-catalysis
Approved
www.headwaytech.
com
Hi Tech Marine
SeaSafe-3
Australia
Heat
Approved
www.htmarine.
com.au
Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd
ClearBallast
Japan
Filtration,
flocculation
Final
Approved
www.hitachi.com
Hwaseung R&S
Co. Ltd
HS-BALLAST
Korea
Electrolysis,
electro-chlorination
Basic
Hyde Marine Inc.
Hyde GUARDIAN
USA
Filtration, UV
Hyundai Heavy Indus- EcoBallast
tries Co. Ltd
Korea
Filtration, UV
Hyundai Heavy Indus- HiBallast
tries Co. Ltd
Korea
JFE Engineering
Corporation
BallastAce
JFE Engineering
Corporation
www.hanlaims.com
www.hsrna.com
Approved
www.hydemarine.
com
Final
Approved
www.hhi.co.kr
Final
Approved
www.hhi.co.kr
Japan
Filtration,
chlorination
Final
Approved
www.jfe-eng.co.jp
NeoChlor Marine
Japan
Filtration,
chlorination
Final
Jiangsu Nanjing
Machinery Co. Ltd
NiBallast
China
Filtration,
membrane
separation,
deoxygenation
Jiujiang PMTR
Institute
OceanDoctor
China
Filtration, UV,
advanced
oxidation
Basic
www.jju.edu.cn
Katayama Chemical,
Inc.
SPO-System
Japan
Filtration,
chemical,
cavitation
Basic
www.katayamachem.co.jp
Katayama Chemical,
Inc.
Sky-System
Japan
Filtration,
chemical
Basic
www.katayamachem.co.jp
Korea Top Marine
(KT Marine) Co. Ltd
KTM
Korea
Cavitation, electrolysis, electrochlorination
Basic
www.ktmarine.
co.kr
Knutsen Ballast
Vann AS
KBAL
Norway
UV
Kuraray Co. Ltd
Microfade
Japan
Filtration,
chlorination
© 2014 IHS
15
www.jfe-eng.co.jp
Approved
Final
www.jsnj.com
Approved
www.knutsenoas.
com
Approved
www.kuraray.co.jp
Sponsored by
Manufacturer
System
Country
Process
Active
Type
Website
substance approval
approval
Kwang San Co. Ltd
EnBallast
Korea
Basic
Kwang San Co. Ltd
BioViolet
Korea
Filtration, UV
Mahle Industrial
Filtration
Ocean Protection
System
Germany
Filtration, UV
MH Systems
MH Systems
USA
Deoxygenation
Mitsui Engineering &
Shipbuilding Co. Ltd
FineBallast OZ
Japan
Filtration, ozonation, cavitation
Final
Approved
www.mes.co.jp
Mitsui Engineering &
Shipbuilding Co. Ltd
FineBallast MF
Japan
Membrane filter
Awaited
Approved
www.mes.co.jp
MMC Green Technology AS
MMC
Norway
Filtration, UV
NEI Treatment
Systems LLC
VOS
USA
Deoxygenation
NK Co. Ltd
NK-03 Blue Ballast
Korea
Ozonation
Ocean Saver AS
Ocean Saver Mark I
Norway
Ocean Saver AS
Ocean Saver Mark II
Optimarin AS
www.kwangsan.
com
www.kwangsan.
com
Approved
www.mahleindustry.com
www.mhsystemscorp.com
www.mmcgt.no
Approved
www.nei-marine.
com
Final
Approved
www.nkcf.com
Filtration,
deoxygenation,
cavitation,
electrodialytic
disinfection
Final
Approved
www.oceansaver.
com
Norway
Filtration and
electrodialytic
disinfection
Final
Approved
www.oceansaver.
com
OBS
Norway
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.optimarin.
com
Panasia Co. Ltd
GloEn-Patrol
Korea
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.gloen-patrol.
com
Panasia Co. Ltd
GloEn-Saver
Korea
Basic
www.gloen-patrol.
com
Redox Maritime
Technologies AS
Redox AS
Norway
Filter, ozonation,
UV
Basic
www.redoxmaritime.no
Resource Ballast
Technologies (Pty)
Ltd
Resource Ballast
South Africa
Filtration, cavitation, ozonation,
electrolysis,
Final
© 2014 IHS
16
Approved
www.resourcetechnology.com
Sponsored by
Manufacturer
System
Country
Process
Active
Type
Website
substance approval
approval
RWO
CleanBallast
Germany
Final
Approved
www.rwo.de
Samsung Heavy
Industries Co. Ltd
Purimar
Korea
Final
Approved
www.shi.samsung.co.kr
Samsung Heavy
Industries Co. Ltd
Neo-Purimar
Korea
Final
Severn Trent
Services
BALPURE
USA
Final
Shanghai Cyeco
Environmental Technology Co. Ltd
Cyeco
China
Filtration, UV
STX Metals Co. Ltd
Smart Ballast
Korea
Electrolysis,
Sumitomo Electric
Industries Ltd
SEI
Japan
Filter, UV
Sunbo Industries Co.
Ltd and the Korean
Institute of Machinery and Material
Blue Zone
Korea
Ozonation
Basic
SunRui Marine Environment Engineering
Co.
BalClor
China
Final
Approved
www.sunrui.net
Techcross
Electro-Cleen
Korea
Electrolysis,
electrochlorination
Final
Approved
www.techcross.
com
Trojan Marinex
Trojan Marinex BWT
Canada
Filtration, UV
N/A
Approved
www.trojanmarinex.com
Van Oord BV
Van Oord BWMS
Netherlands
Chlorination
Basic
Wärtsilä Water
Systems Ltd
Aquarius EC
Finland
Basic
Wärtsilä Water
Systems Ltd
Aquarius UV
Finland
Wuxi Brightsky
Electronic Co. Ltd
BSKY
21st Century Co. Ltd
ARA Plasma
© 2014 IHS
www.shi.samsung.co.kr
Approved
www.balpure.com
Approved
www.cyecomarine.com
Final
www.stxmetal.
co.kr
www.global-sei.
com
www.shipsol.com
www.vanoord.com
Approved
www.wartsila.com
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.wartsila.com
China
Filtration, UV
Approved
www.bsky.cn
Korea
Filtration,
Plasma, UV
Approved
www.21csb.com
17
Final
is a scalable system, with standard versions
from 75–1,500m3/h. All standard versions are
available in both factory-tested skid-mounted
modules and as modular retrofit kits. Retrofit
engineering, supervising, and installation
services are also available through Auramarine.
CrystalBallast water treatment systems have
passed the stringent verification of DNV to
achieve type approval. Auramarine also has ISO
9001 and ISO 14001 certificates, proving its
dedication to high-quality products.
BIO-SEA
BIO-UV
2
The BIO-SEA system is available in modular
or container form for retrofits, and in on-skid
versions for newbuilds. BIO-SEA benefits from
a worldwide sales and service network and
is type approved by Bureau Veritas. BIO-UV
has 14 years of experience in designing and
manufacturing UV water treatment systems.
In March 2014, BIO-UV secured Alternate
Management System (AMS) approval from
the US Coast Guard. This means shipowners
can use the system in US waters.
3
Cathelco
Cathelco
> The BIO-SEA system was developed in
France and uses filtration and UV. It has been
approved according to the G8 guidelines from
the IMO. It is modular and scalable in size
from 50–2,000m3/h, or higher on request.
Ballast water is cleansed using a 40µm
filtering element to retain suspended solids
and zooplankton. Filter size is dependent on
system capacity and the ballast pump flow rate.
BIO-UV offers a choice of two filter types:
standard or compact. The filter is equipped
with automatic back-flushing. There is no
disruption of the filtration process during the
cleaning cycle and no significant variation
in the treated flow rate. The UV stage of
the treatment takes place in a reactor with
a single polychromatic, medium-pressure,
high-intensity UV lamp housed in a protective
quartz sleeve. Each UV reactor treats 100m3/h.
A sensor monitors and controls the intensity
of the UV. On larger systems, more reactors
are installed in parallel, in accordance with the
ballast pump flow rate. Treatment with UV also
takes place at discharge. The system features
a control module with a touchscreen. Control
can be deported and exercised manually or
programmed for fully automatic treatment.
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
2
3
>
The Cathelco BWTS is based on a
combination of filtration and UV technology,
an approach which does not involve the
use of chemicals. Units are available with
capacities from 50m3/h to 2,400m3/h, or up
to 1,200m3/h per single system.
During uptake, seawater passes through
the filter unit, where larger organisms and
sediments are removed. Regular back-flushing
ensures that these are discharged at the
original ballasting site.
The seawater continues to UV treatment,
when smaller organisms, bacteria, and
pathogens are rendered harmless. The system
automatically adjusts to different qualities
of seawater, compensating when necessary
for high levels of sediment. This is achieved
by measuring a sample of seawater before
it reaches the UV chambers using a UV
transmittance (UVT) sensor – a very accurate
way of calculating the correct UV dose.
Each UV chamber has two lamps and
specially designed inlet pipework that causes
the water to flow along it in a helix. This
ensures the maximum surface area is exposed
to the UV light, increasing the efficiency of
the process. The foam ball cleaning system
18
Compliance with
Confidence
When we tested our BWT system
we took it to levels that exceed IMO
specifications so that you could
have complete confidence about its
performance. For instance, it’s one of a
few systems that functions effectively in
both fresh water and sea water. Beyond
this it has numerous innovative features
for reliability and ease of operation.
! Combines advanced filtration and UV
technology.
! Completely chemical free.
! Low CAPEX and OPEX.
! Precise adjustment to different water
qualities.
! Unique helix flow through UV
chambers.
! Foam ball cleaning system.
! Backed by 50 years of experience in
the marine industry.
IMO Type
Approved
Telephone: +44 (0) 1246 457900
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.cathelco.com
removes residue from the quartz sleeves
without the use of chemicals.
Cathelco is expecting to receive type
approval from the IMO for the BWTS in
the first quarter of 2014 and will then
immediately apply for USCG AMS approval.
Gas Lift Diffusion
Coldharbour Marine
2
organisms. To effectively kill the remaining
organisms (E. coli bacteria for example) there is
a patented method of micro-bubble generation
and gas-induced ultrasonic shockwaves
produced inside the GLD. System performance
is not affected by normal silt and solid levels
within the ballast tanks or even changes in
salinity or temperature. The GLD assemblies
have no moving parts and as such are 100%
reliable, the company says. The Coldharbour
Marine GLD BWTS is of the G8 type, as defined
by the IMO. The system is under the flag state
approval of the UK Maritime and Coastguard
Agency (MCA) – Lloyd’s Register (UK). The
system is completing land-based testing and
is undergoing sea trials on board a VLCC. The
final approval certificate is expected to be
awarded during 4Q2014.
6
> Specifically designed and optimised for
large tankers, LNG/LPG carriers and bulkers,
UK-based Coldharbour Marine’s Gas Lift
Diffusion (GLD) system operates ‘in-tank’
rather than ‘in-line’. Flow rates are irrelevant,
as ballasting continues as normal, so there are
no filters to block or back-flush, no pressure
drops, and no additional power requirements.
The GLD system uses inert gas produced
by the Coldharbour Sea Guardian Inert Gas
Generator (IGG), which is linked to specially
designed GLD pipe assemblies inside the
ship’s ballast tanks. Sea Guardian is designed
to generate ultra-clean, very-low-oxygen
inert gas and, according to Coldharbour,
is compact and largely maintenance-free.
During a portion of the voyage, the output
from the IGG is pumped by standard marine
compressors to the GLD units inside the
ballast tanks in which the treatment takes
place. The GLD units use natural fluid
dynamics to thoroughly stir the ballast tanks
and diffuse the inert gas into the water.
Untreated water is drawn into the GLD
assemblies from the base of the ballast tank
and, as the inert gas diffuses into the water
through the GLD unit, oxygen is stripped from
the water. Meanwhile, the elevated level of
C02 in the inert gas temporarily reduces the pH
level of the water. This simultaneously induces
hypoxia and hypercapnia. These conditions
are fatal to both aerobic and anaerobic marine
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
Blue Ocean Shield
COSCO
1
2
3
>
Blue Ocean Shield (BOS) is a
modularised BWTS, designed and developed
by China Ocean Shipping Company
(COSCO) Shipbuilding together with
Tsinghua University. The BOS system can
run in different configurations, depending
on the level of treatment required and the
particular properties of the ballast water, by
employing filtration and UV and introducing a
hydrocyclone if required. The system operates
inline during the uptake and discharge of
ballast water. Before UV treatment takes place,
a filter system reduces the sediment load of
the ballast water, in addition to removing
some micro-organisms. The filtration system
is installed on the discharge side of the ballast
water pumps and cleaning is fully automatic.
The UV unit uses high-output, Low-Pressure
UV (LPUV) lamps to destroy living microorganisms in the ballast water. Ballast water
20
Sponsored by
is treated at intake and again at discharge. The
treatment at intake ensures that a minimal
amount of viable organisms enter the ballast
water tanks and reduces sediment buildup. The water is treated again only by the
UV system at discharge to ensure that the
potential regrowth of organisms in the ballast
water tanks is reduced as much as possible.
2
Cyeco BWTS
Cyeco
steps. First, a filtration unit (which comes in a
range of sizes from 64–3,000m3/h) removes
particles, zooplankton, and large algae. The
filter is pressurised, has automatic backflushing, and is fitted with a 30µm pore-size
mesh to remove particles. This filtration
process enables the second, UV-based
disinfection step to be more efficient.
Water flows through the UV unit and is
exposed to a high dose of UV-C (short-wave
ultraviolet) radiation from low-pressure
UV lamps to deactivate the remaining
organisms. Each unit is capable of treating
100m³/h of ballast water in salt and brackish
water conditions, and 75m3/h in freshwater
conditions. The UV unit also generates
ozone, which is used in the third step of the
treatment process. Water passes through
a Venturi injector and the vacuum created
sucks dry, compressed air through the ozonegenerating UV unit via a pipeline to the
injector for mixing into the main ballast water
stream. Finally, the treated water is directed
to the ballast tanks. The full three-step
treatment is repeated during deballasting.
The system has passed the IMO’s testing
in all three salinities: salt, brackish, and
freshwater. The system is controlled via
a touchscreen and mimic pictures and
automatically logs all events and alarms.
Lloyd’s Register has type approved the system
for flow rates of 75–3,000m3/h. ABS has
issued type approval and DNV has conducted
a safety assessment and concluded that the
system meets its class requirements for safety.
The RayClean system is based on
mechanical filtration and UV radiation.
The mechanical filtration is done with an
automatic back-flushing filter developed
especially for ballast water by Boll & Kirch.
The filter employs a screen with 30µm
wire mesh. The UV treatment takes place
in a specially designed and optimised UV
3
> The Cyeco BWTS features a two-stage
process: efficient self-cleaning filtration to
remove larger organisms and sediments,
followed by a powerful medium-pressure
UV treatment to disinfect and inactivate
smaller plankton, bacteria, and pathogens.
The process is chemical-free and does not
generate toxic substances that can be harmful
to the environment and human health, or
cause corrosion to the system. The patented
high-pressure back-flushing mechanism keeps
the four-layer filter screen clean and provides
reliable, non-stop operation at high sediment
loads, says Cyeco. The system’s high-pressure
back-flushing mechanism can handle ballast
water with an extremely low inlet pressure of
1bar, and the head loss is less than 0.2bar in
total. The system is said to be compact, easy
to install, and needs very little maintenance.
Since receiving its type approval certificate,
followed by IMO and CCS acceptance, it has
been installed and operated on several vessels.
OxyClean, RayClean
DESMI Ocean Guard
2
3
9
> DESMI Ocean Guard offers two types
of BWTS: OxyClean and RayClean. The
OxyClean system consists of three treatment
© 2014 IHS
21
Inert Gas based Ballast Wa
The only in-tank, in
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reactor that has a treatment-rated capacity
of 300m3/h. Larger system flow rates are
obtainable by installing more UV reactors
in parallel, and can reach a flow rate of
3,000m3/h. The RayClean system uses highly
effective low-pressure UV lamps that reduce
system energy consumption by 30–50%
compared with competing systems using
medium-pressure UV lamps.
System operation is fully automated –
the crew just have to start and stop ballast
operations. Unlike other UV-based systems
that merely sound a warning when UV
transmission is too low, the RayClean system
can cope with extremely challenging water
conditions by automatically reducing flow.
ES
Ecochlor
2
and size advantage, and ease of installation. ES
IMO type approvals include systems capable of
treating up to 16,000m3/h. Type approval was
granted by Germany’s Federal Maritime and
Hydrographic Agency (BSH) in 2011, followed
by USCG AMS type approval in 2013.
BlueSeas and BlueWorld
Envirotech
2
7
> Envirotech’s BlueSeas and BlueWorld
make use of filtration (to 40µm), seawater
electrolysis and sodium thiosulphate
neutralisation treatment upon ballasting. The
maker says that the system is energy efficient
(consuming about two-thirds of the energy of
most other electrochemical technologies) and
compact. With a smaller onboard footprint
and lower energy consumption, Envirotech’s
systems are expected to appeal to shipowners
that need to discharge high volumes of
ballast water in a short period of time using a
compact system. BlueWorld has an additional
exhaust gas treatment function.
2
> Ecochlor is a US company that uses
the patented Purate chlorine dioxide (ClO2)
technology, which was specifically designed
to safely eliminate the transfer of aquatic
invasive species. Its ES BWTS uses filtration
followed by water purification; a small amount
of supply water flows through a Venturi
injector, creating a vacuum that draws the
Purate and acid into the mixing chamber.
When the chemicals combine they form a
dilute aqueous ClO2 solution, which is then
injected into the ballast water. The company
says that the combination of filtration to
50µm and treatment with 5ppm of ClO2
makes it effective on all organisms regardless
of temperature, salinity, suspended solids or
turbidity, and organic loading. The ES BWTS,
with the exception of the filters, can be
placed almost anywhere on the vessel. The
technology is best suited to vessels with high
ballast water pump capacities because of the
low power requirement, flexible configuration
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
Erma First BWTS
Erma First ESK
2
1
7
> Developed by Erma First ESK
Engineering Solutions of Greece, the Erma
First BWTS is described as a robust integrated
solution with low energy consumption and
a small footprint. It consists of individual
modules, each with a treatment capacity of
100m³/h. Hydraulic parallel connection of
the modules results in treatment capacities of
up to 3,000m³/h. Treatment is in two stages.
First, suspended materials and larger organisms
are removed by means of pre-filtration and
an advanced cyclonic separator. Then, during
ballasting, electrolysis is used to generate
24
The smallest
footprint on the market
I N T R O D U C I N G
Hyde GUARDIAN Gold’s compact size and robust
)(."%6 71!( ", ")(18 '50 6(&/+"8). 16) 0(,052,.To learn more about how Hyde GUARDIAN Gold
". 1 4(0'(*, 2, '50 #5+0 .$"43 *56,1*, +. 1,
[email protected] or 1.724.218.7001.
®
+1.724.218.7001 I [email protected] I www.hydemarine.com
Sponsored by
active chlorine. Residual oxidants disinfect any
harmful organisms that may have been taken
on board.
The levels of chlorine are controlled so that
even in waters in which suspended sediment
is high, the efficient cyclonic units ensure
low chlorine demand to disinfect microorganisms. In addition, the electrolysis cell’s
special coating ensures sufficient chlorine
concentration. During deballasting, residual
chlorine is neutralised by adding sodium
bisulphite solution. Great emphasis has been
placed on monitoring and control to ensure
proper operation and effective neutralisation
of treated ballast water prior to discharge to
sea. The control unit logs the status of the
system, operation, electrolytic cell, selfcleaning filter, and cyclonic separator. The
Greek administration granted type approval
to the system in May 2012. Class approval has
been obtained from Lloyd’s Register. USCG
AMS approval was granted in 2013.
subsystems in the engine room. A low flow
rate in the electrolyser also allows full
removal of the hydrogen by-product in a
degassing tank, thus preventing desorption
and accumulation in the ballast tanks.
The only component in the ballast water
main is the automatic backwash filter. This
keeps the pressure drop over the system very
low in comparison to in-line systems. A key
advantage of the SeaCURE system is its use to
also treat onboard cooling water circuits.
Since ballasting occurs for only brief periods
of a ship’s lifetime, conventional ballast water
systems remain idle for 95% of the time. By
contrast, the SeaCURE system can be used
all the time, eliminating the need for an
additional system to treat cooling water.
The system received IMO type approval
from Germany’s BSH in February 2014.
SeaCURE
Evoqua Water
Technologies
> The BallastMaster ultraV system is an
efficient mechanical and physical BWTS
designed for salt, brackish, and fresh water,
according to manufacturer GEA Westfalia.
It can also handle a high concentration
of organisms and sedimentary particles.
The layout of the UV chambers has been
designed to achieve the most effective
disinfection efficiency, the company says. The
BallastMaster ultraV operates during ballast
water intake and discharge. During both of
these processes, water is treated in a twostep process. This consists of pre-filtration
and Low-Pressure UV (LPUV) disinfection
without the use or generation of unwanted
byproducts such as radicals. All parts that are
in contact with ballast water are stainless
steel and the system is fully automated.
In the first stage, an upstream mechanical
2
BallastMaster
GEA Westfalia
7
> The SeaCURE BWMS, developed by
Evoqua Water Technologies (formerly
Siemens WT), uses a combination of filtration
and a proprietary, on-demand treatment
with biocides that is produced in situ from
seawater. The system is an evolution of the
Chloropac marine growth prevention system
that has been servicing the needs of the
maritime and offshore oil and gas industries
for more than 40 years.
The system uses a small side stream of
about 1% of the ballast water flow to generate
sodium hypochlorite for the treatment of
ballast water. This offers several advantages,
such as the flexible installation of small
© 2014 IHS
26
2
7
Sponsored by
filtration process removes all organisms and
sedimentary particles larger than 20µm. This
prevents sedimentary deposits accumulating
in the ballast water tanks. The filter modules
are cleaned automatically by vacuum
extraction. In the second stage, disinfection
using low-pressure UV-C+ radiation takes
place. Monochromatic UV-C radiation
(254nm) effectively disinfects organisms
such as bacteria and phytoplankton. Type
approved in 2011 by Germany’s BSH, the
system complies with the IMO’s D2 standard.
USCG AMS approval was gained in 2013.
2
Eco-Guardian
Hanla IMS
corrosion to ballast tanks, the manufacturer
says. OceanGuard uses a fully automatic
back-flushing filter with 50µm filtration
precision, combining the two operations at
the same time. Filtered water is then treated
by an EUT (electro-catalysis enhanced by
ultrasonic treatment) unit. This differs from
the electrolysis approach in that the AEOP
technology can produce hydroxyl radicals
(·OH) with a short residence time that can
decompose organisms into CO2, H2O, and
traces of inorganic salts.
The generation and existence times of
hydroxyl radicals is less than 10-12s, and the
reaction rate with organics is more than 109L
/(mol.s), guaranteeing high efficiency and
effectiveness. OceanGuard has a compact
design with small footprint and ultra-low
power consumption. With a process rate of
1,000m3/h at 17kW, it is suitable for various
vessel types and sizes.
7
> Hanla IMS’s Eco-Guardian uses indirect
electrolysis and complies with the IMO’s
D2 discharge standard, according to the
manufacturer. It is composed of a filter unit,
electrolysis unit, and neutralisation unit.
Hanla says that the Eco-Guardian can be
easily installed on a new ship or as a retrofit,
is easy to operate, has a low maintenance cost,
is effective in turbid water, does not require
stocks of dangerous chemicals. and carries out
sediment removal on site.
OceanGuard
Headway Technology
2
2
ClearBallast
Hitachi
2
> The ClearBallast ballast water
purification system was developed
jointly by Hitachi Plant Technologies
and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. It uses
coagulation technology to remove plankton
and organisms, and magnetic separation
equipment to remove algae. The coagulation
method differs from sterilisation techniques
in that it does not use chlorine, ultraviolet
rays, or disinfectants, thus removing the
possibility of secondary contamination
by residual chlorine. Incoming seawater is
treated by adding a coagulant and magnetic
powder in coagulation and flocculation tanks.
Agitation of the water causes plankton,
viruses and mud to coagulate into 1mm-wide
magnetic flocs. These can then be collected
8
> The OceanGuard BWTS from Qingdao
Headway Technology has full-scale approval
from DNV and type approval from BV, CCS,
RINA, RS, and USCG AMS.
With patented Advanced Electro-catalysis
Oxidation Process (AEOP) technology,
OceanGuard can offer high and complete
sterilisation performance in both freshwater
and seawater without secondary pollution or
© 2014 IHS
1
27
Sponsored by
with magnetic discs in a separator. Treated
water is filtered through a filter separator
and injected into the ballast tanks. The
coagulation of micro-organisms into small
flocs enables the use of coarse filters, which
is claimed to result in high-speed treatment.
The flexible design is suitable for a wide range
of capacities and can be modelled to fit the
space available. Mud accumulation is said to
be greatly reduced, thereby prolonging the life
of the coating of the ballast tank.
system in compliance with type approval with
the minimum amount of additional work.
The system features an intuitive, one-touch
screen design to initiate multiple modes of
operation designed around the specific needs
of vessels in service. Hyde Marine has sold
well over 300 systems and over half of these
are commissioned and in service.
3
> The EcoBallast system developed by
Hyundai Heavy Industries (Hyundai HI)
is chemical-free and therefore causes no
secondary environmental contamination. The
modular BWTS, which has undergone full-scale
testing at 200m3/h, comprises: a 50µm filter
with automatic back-flushing; one or more
UV reactors that can accommodate higher
flow rates more efficiently; a high-intensity,
medium-pressure UV lamp; and a control and
cleaning unit (flow meter and alarms). The UV
reactor was specially designed for the ballast
water treatment application to maximise the
efficiency of the system, Hyundai HI says.
The system’s controls have been embedded in
an integrated control and monitoring system
(ICMS), so that one operator is required for
both the BWTS and ICMS.
GUARDIAN
Hyde Marine
2
EcoBallast
Hyundai HI
> The GUARDIAN product line stretches
from 60 to in excess of 6,000m3/h of ballast
flow and uses a two-stage disinfection process
to meet IMO discharge requirements. The
first stage consists of a ballast water filter
designed to remove larger organisms and
sediments on uptake. The second stage
consists of a medium-pressure UV reactor
designed to deactivate any organisms that
penetrate the first-stage process. This
combination ensures that treatment can take
place with no holding time, thus providing
rapid turnaround times for vessel operations
and meeting the treatment needs of vessels of
any size and service.
Hyde Marine has introduced the new
Hyde GUARDIAN Gold system to address
the needs of the retrofit market. With what
the company claims is the smallest total
footprint on the market, GUARDIAN Gold
systems “are capable of being installed in
almost any vessel and reflect a 30–60%
reduction in footprint over previous and
competing designs”. In 2013 Hyde Marine
also introduced an updated vessel interface to
streamline operations and, it says, to ensure
that vessel operators are able to operate the
© 2014 IHS
HiBallast
Hyundai HI
2
2
3
7
> The HiBallast BWTS from Hyundai HI
produces a high concentration of the
disinfectant sodium hypochlorite by
feeding a portion of the ballast water into
an electrolyser module. The disinfectant is
directly injected into the ballast pipe during
ballasting. A neutralising agent is injected into
28
IT’S
SIMPLE.
NOTHING
SURVIVES.
Ecochlor Ballast Water Treatment Systems
Unaffected by turbidity, salinity or temperature
®
Best Data. Lowest Power.
Ecochlor systems are the most effective and
easy to install systems on the market
http://www.ecochlor.com/testresults.php
U S C G
A M S
A C C E P T E D
the deballasting pipe to remove any remaining
oxidant from the hypochlorite concentration.
Filtration using 50µm elements improves
the efficiency of the electrolysis unit and
maintains stable performance for various
seawater conditions, says the company. A
side-effect of the electrochemical production
of chlorine is the generation of hydrogen.
Because the gas is highly explosive, it needs to
be properly vented. The company says that the
system’s controls are embedded in an ICMS,
so one operator is required for both the BWTS
and ICMS. IMO type approval was gained in
2001 and USCG AMS acceptance in 2013.
BallastAce
JFE Engineering
2
5
filtration. Sufficient amounts are filtered out
in the first stage to make it possible to effect a
substantial reduction in the amount of active
substances in the second-stage chemical
treatment, the company says. While ballasting
is taking place, seawater is drawn into the
system and passed through a filtration unit.
The unwanted organisms are removed by the
filters and discharged overboard as filtered
seawater passes through the system. Active
substances are automatically injected into the
filtered ballast water by a chemical infusion
unit. The disinfected seawater, infused with
the active substance, passes to the ballast
water tank. During the deballasting process,
the levels of residual chloride concentration
are measured and neutralisers are added
automatically as required. A neutralising
agent is infused when the chlorine level is
too high. The treated ballast water is then
discharged overboard. Energy savings are
realised by means of Kuraray’s special filters
with low-pressure requirements, which
enable the MICROFADE system to use
existing power generators and ballast pumps.
The compact design of the system’s primary
components, the filtration and chemical
infusion units, allows space to be conserved.
As it requires neither precise temperature
control nor a large tank, the system also helps
reduce power consumption and conserve
space. These savings derive from the use of
solid chemical agents that can be stored at
room temperature.
1
> BallastAce from JFE Engineering of
Japan is a BWTS that uses filtration and
chlorination. During ballast water uptake,
water is pumped into a filter in which
plankton of 50µm or larger is removed and
returned to the sea with backwash. Smaller
marine organisms are sterilised by injecting a
disinfectant, sodium hypochlorite, which can
be in either granular or liquid form. The water
is then rapidly mixed and agitated via a mixing
plate before flowing into the ballast tanks.
During the deballasting a neutraliser, sodium
sulphite, which reduces residual chlorine, is
injected into the ballast water before it reaches
the sea. JFE Engineering had received 400
orders for the system as of February 2014.
MICROFADE
Kuraray
BioViolet
Kwang San
2
2
3
> The BioViolet system combines
filtration and UV treatment and is available
in a range of capacities up to 1,500m3/h.
The manufacturer says that the design of its
>
In the MICROFADE BWTS from
Kuraray, micro-organisms are removed during
the front-end process by high-precision
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
30
Sponsored by
filtration system, which removes particles
down to 50µm in size, minimises pressure
drop while the reinforcement wedge wire
design minimises clogging. The mediumpressure UV system includes wipers to clean
the quartz tubes that protect the lamps
from impact damage and there are intensity
sensors that help to maintain optimal
disinfection efficiency. The BioViolet also
features what Kwang San says is a unique
feature: an independent pipeline for lamp preheating that prevents the possible discharge
of untreated water.
Ocean Protection System
Mahle
2
destroyed. The UV light is in the 254nm
range. During deballasting the water again
passes through the UV unit and filtration
is bypassed.
BAWAC
Maritime Assembly Systems
> Maritime Assembly Systems’ BAWAC
BWTS uses seven fluid-cooled, metal steam
UV lamps. A helix structure around the
lamps ensures the water remains in the UV
treatment area for longer than in straightpass systems and distributes the light evenly.
It also provides vibration damping for the
quartz components. The seven lamps are
composed of three components. First, there
is the high-performance, long-life burner
itself, which has low energy consumption.
The burner is surrounded by quartz glass,
which supplies it with cooling fluid. The
rotating helix component distributes
the light. It is driven by ballast water,
providing indirect cooling of the burner and
mechanical damping of the quartz glass body.
Wiper blades in the helix are pressed against
the quartz glass cylinder hydraulically as
water passes through the BAWAC, cleaning
the system.
3
> The Ocean Protection System (OPS) is
a modular product that makes use of
filtration and UV. The two-phase pretreatment filtration system is described
by the company as low-maintenance and
configurable for different flow volumes
from 50–2,000m3/h. It can be operated
either as a compact, container-housed unit
or can be adapted to suit the vessel’s design
and layout, making use of available space.
The filtration stages have automatic selfcleaning. In the first stage a 200µm filter
mesh is used. With no interruption of the
flow, these filters are automatically cleaned
using the Bernoulli Principle. By a short
increase of flow and simultaneous increase of
differential pressure, coarse sediments and
organisms are successfully removed from the
mesh. The cleaned water is then redirected
to the second stage of the filtration system,
in which the smaller particles are removed
using a self-cleaning 50µm filter element.
The ballast water passes to a UV radiation
unit using low-pressure UV lamps in which
the DNA of any remaining organisms is
© 2014 IHS
3
MH Systems in-tank BWTS
MH Systems
3
> MH Systems, based in San Diego,
California, uses a combination of two
treatment systems, deoxygenation and
carbonation. An inert gas generator (IGG) is at
the heart of the BWTS. The inert gas, which
consists of 84% nitrogen, 12–14% CO2, and
about 2% oxygen, is bubbled through the
ballast water via diffusers with downward31
pointing nozzles placed at the bottom of the
tank. IGGs infuse the ballast water with inert
gas bubbles until it attains a state of hypoxia,
with a pH of nearly 5.5. The gas infusion is
controlled by a remote, automated system of
valves that can permit the tanks to be treated
sequentially or all at once. Sensors detect the
amount of dissolved oxygen in the ballast
water and the pH level of each tank, and relay
the information to a central control station.
This inert gas has the ingredients necessary
to combine the two treatments of hypoxia
and carbonation at what is claimed to be a
very reasonable cost. Analysis show that given
the flow rates and control time for hypoxia/
carbonated conditions, the gas needs only
a short contact time to be effective. Tanks
are rendered gas-free by sending ambient air
through the diffuser system to prepare ballast
water for discharge or prepare tanks for the
entrance of personnel. MH Systems works
with IGGs that are already installed or a new
generator can be fitted. Training is minimal
because the system essentially consists of an
on/off switch, says the company. In addition to
treating the water, the sediment particles are
treated. Sediment does not clog the diffusers
because of their positioning and design.
FineBallast
Mitsui Engineering/MOL/
MOL Marine Consulting
says there is no requirement for a chemical
agent for ozone supply or storage. Microbubbles of ozone are injected into the system,
which achieves high efficiency levels for
absorption and contact with the plankton and
bacteria.
Harmful substances remaining in the
ballast water are extracted by activated
charcoal, a process that has no impact on
the environment. The system was audited
according to G8 guidelines. Certification
involved a full-scale land-based test of the
system carried out by Mitsui Engineering
& Shipbuilding and other participating
companies, along with an onboard test on the
MOL-operated container vessel MOL Express.
The system acquired final approval under G9
guidelines at the end of September 2010.
Special Pipe
Hybrid – Ozone
Mitsui Engineering
5
8
> The Special Pipe Hybrid system (Ozone
version) from Japanese shipbuilder Mitsui
Engineering is a two-stage system based on
cavitation by high shear and ozonation. In
the ballasting phase, water is taken into the
pre-treatment unit before passing to a unit
that injects ozone, which has been generated
on board, into the water. This method of
treatment starts with in-line pre-treatment
to prevent blockage of the disinfecting unit,
followed by a more complex mechanical
treatment via a ‘special pipe’ that is inserted
into a section of the normal ballast pipe run
and then ends by adding the produced ozone,
which is considered an active substance by the
IMO. After addition of the ozone to the water,
for the treatment to be effective it is necessary
for the ballast to be stored in the tank for
at least 48 hours. This minimum amount
8
> This system employs the synergistic
effect of chemical treatment by the oxidation
power of the active ingredient ozone and
physical treatment using a specially designed
pipe placed in the ballast water pipelines.
Organisms are killed off only at the time the
ballast water tanks are filled. The system
extracts the required amount of ozone from
the air. As the right amount is produced, MOL
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
32
of storage time is needed to allow for the
strong oxidising and disinfecting properties
of bromate, which is generated from the
reaction of ozone and seawater, to become
ineffective. The half-life of the bromate ion
is, on average, about 12 hours. A discharging
unit decomposes the oxidant remaining in
the ballast water at the time of discharge. The
ozone generator contains multiple electrodes
that convert part of the oxygen in the gas
to ozone. A power supply unit converts the
power type from commercial-frequency
and low-voltage to medium-frequency and
high-voltage, which are most suited to ozone
generation. A gas/liquid separation unit is
employed to prevent ozone that does not react
from flowing into the ballast tank.
VOS
NEI Treatment Systems
6
which adds that the oxygen levels are also
high enough to prohibit anaerobic life. Many
organisms are treated during the Venturi
phase of treatment itself.
Through the 95% reduction in DO,
and maintaining a permanently inert
environment, oxidation of structures and
coatings is virtually eliminated, says the
company. The VOS treatment facilitates the
complete removal of cathodic protection.
NEI has six products, which range from
500–6,800m3/h.
NEI’s VOS process was the first BWTS in
the world to receive Type A approval, the
company says. It currently has approvals from
five flags, which, combined, represent 45%
of world tonnage. NEI is a member of the US
Coast Guard’s STEP programme, has received
AMS for all water types including fresh, and
its system has been thoroughly reviewed by
the US Environmental Protection Agency.
5
> Venturi Oxygen Stripping (VOS) is a
physical process that removes dissolved
oxygen (DO) from ballast water during intake
only. This, the company claims, means no
re-treatment is required during discharge.
VOS does not require any filtration or active
substance and so the ballast pumps do
not need to be changed. According to the
manufacturer, VOS uses a highly efficient
stripping gas generator (SGG) to produce an
ultra-low oxygen gas with only 0.1% oxygen.
The gas produced is introduced to the ballast
water via a Venturi injector. This generates
extreme cavitation, creating a micro-fine
bubble emulsion in the ballast line. Within
about 10 seconds, more than 95% of the
dissolved oxygen is stripped out of the
solution and vented into the atmosphere.
Species dependent on oxygen are suffocated,
meaning many controlled organisms are
dealt with within an hour, says the company,
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
NK-03 BlueBallast
NK Co Ltd
8
> The BlueBallast system from South
Korea’s NK Co Ltd injects ozone into a
ship’s ballast water as it is taken on board. In
seawater, the ozone will kill approximately half
of the invasive species on contact. In addition,
the ozone interacts with chemicals that
naturally occur in seawater to create various
bromine compounds that kill the remaining
invasive species. Ozone, as a gas, is not stored
on the vessel but is made by taking ambient
air, stripping out the nitrogen and cooling it,
thereby concentrating the oxygen. It is then
hit with a 10kV charge of electricity, which
converts 10% of the concentrated oxygen into
ozone. The ozone is immediately injected into
the ballast water intake pipe as the water is
taken on board. Once it is injected into the
34
Sponsored by
ballast water, the ozone will revert to oxygen
within five seconds. Before it reverts, however,
the ozone converts bromine, which occurs
naturally in seawater, into hypobromous acid.
Trace quantities of bromine compounds,
known as total residual oxidants (TRO), prove
to regulatory authorities that the ballast water
has been properly treated. Testing for TRO is
a straightforward process that can be handled
by most crew members. As an extra safety
precaution, the system’s pipes are flushed with
ambient air each time the system is shut down.
Mark I and Mark 2
OceanSaver
2
5
It only requires 1.0% of total ballast water
capacity and is able to generate a highconcentration oxidant, thus enabling a
low injection dosage (maximum 2.5ppm)
into the ballast tanks. The industry’s most
comprehensive corrosion test (12 months),
carried out by DNV in coordination with
paint and coating suppliers, has proven that
OceanSaver’s dosage level does not pose any
threat to ballast tanks’ steel or coatings. The
amount of total residual oxidant is also greatly
reduced within a few hours and neutralisation
during deballasting is rarely required.
In addition, the OceanSaver membrane
technology allows for safe, reliable, and
efficient handling of the byproducts, which
occur naturally during all electrolysis
processes, through its DNV type-approved
hydrogen management and removal of
brucite in an internal cleaning process. To date
OceanSaver has a reference list of 107 vessels;
42 BWTS have been delivered and 37 have
been commissioned and are in daily operation.
6
> ISO-certificated OceanSaver focuses
solely on BWTS as a business area and
provides tailor-made solutions for mediumto-large crude oil, product, and chemical
tankers with pump rooms and/or submerged
ballast pumps, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) carriers, and
bulk carriers.
The OceanSaver BWTS holds IMO D2
type approval from DNV on behalf of the
Norwegian Maritime Directorate and received
USCG AMS approval in 2013. OceanSaver has
also begun the USCG type approval process.
OceanSaver’s Mark II system uses a highly
efficient self-cleaning 40µm screen filter
and disinfects ballast water using onboard
generation of oxidants delivered to the
ballast flow via side-stream injection from
OceanSaver’s C2E seawater activation unit.
This technology provides a mixture of oxidants
with rapid effect and a very short half-life.
When injected into ballast water, these
oxidants eliminate unwanted organisms.
The patented membrane cell technology
in OceanSaver’s side-stream system provides
additional advantages, the company says.
© 2014 IHS
OBS
Optimarin
2
3
>
For environmental reasons Optimarin, a
Norwegian company, chose to pursue a Ballast
Water Treatment (BWT) solution that does
not use chemicals and leaves no residual
products that are harmful to the ocean or the
environment. The Optimarin Ballast System
(OBS) is type approved and based on the idea
that a system should be simple, flexible, and
easy to install and operate on newbuilds and
existing vessels (retrofits). OBS is a mechanical
system based on filtration and UV and does not
affect the normal operation of the ship. The
treatment process is completely neutral to the
water quality and will not affect the coating or
the steel in the ballast pipes or ballast tanks.
35
As a pioneer in the BWT industry, Optimarin
has managed to establish a solid position in the
market with 280 systems sold.
GloEn-Patrol
Panasia
2
3
> A 100% physical treatment technology
has been adopted by Panasia of South
Korea for its GloEn-Patrol BWTS, which
eliminates harmful aquatic organisms and
pathogens in water without generating
any toxic substances during ballasting and
deballasting. The system combines filter
and UV units, employs back-flushing and
is cleaned by automatic wiping. The filter
unit maximises the disinfection effect of
the UV unit by improving transmittance
of UV light. The filter not only eliminates
Sponsored by
organisms larger than 50µm, but also
minimises sediment in the ballast tanks.
Water enters through the inlet pipe into the
filter area and flows through the cylindrical
filter element from inside out. The filtration
cake accumulating on the element surface
causes a pressure differential to develop
across the filter element. When this pressure
difference reaches a pre-set value, or after a
pre-determined time lapse, the back-flushing
mechanism kicks in. Back-flushing takes
10–30 seconds. During the back-flushing
cycle the filtered water is uninterrupted and
continues to flow downstream of the filter.
Contaminated water is exposed to UV light. A
real-time process control system activates and
deactivates lamps to maintain the UV dosage
while conserving power. This is controlled and
monitored by means of a programmable logic
controller (PLC) and touchscreen.
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Sponsored by
Sky-System
Peraclean Ocean
> The Sky-System BWTS uses the
Peraclean Ocean preparation containing
the active substances peracetic acid and
hydrogen peroxide, which are stored in
double-walled tanks. The concentrations of
the active substances are monitored and, if
necessary, neutralised with sodium sulphite
(Na2SO3) and water before the ballast water
is discharged. The neutraliser is contained
in epoxy-coated tanks. Temperature and
leakage sensors, a temperature control unit,
ventilators, and sprinklers in the chemical
storage room are used to prevent the
temperature from exceeding 35oC. During
land-based tests using the concentration
of active substance that is applied in actual
operation, no corrosion was observed.
5
Corrosive influences were reported to be
acceptable on the ballast tank coatings and
uncoated materials.
RBT BWTS
RBT
5
8
2
>
RBT’s in-line ballast water treatment
system uses acoustic cavitation in situ
to produce disinfectants and physical
separation by means of a self-cleaning
40µm filter to treat water on intake only.
The core of the treatment process is a set of
reactors in which sodium hypochlorite is
produced through electrolysis. The sodium
hypochlorite electrodes also provide the
acoustic excitation for the cavitation process.
Ozone is generated from ambient air and
injected into the reactors. These different
ge DPS
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%'*2!,.!'+,1#(5*.
treatment mechanisms have been shown to
be individually effective but also interact by
means of sonochemistry, providing treatment
efficacy at unusually low concentrations of
the active substances, the company says.
These low concentrations – 1ppm for each –
mean that pre-discharge neutralisation is not
needed. Mixing in the reactors helps ensure
that these unusually low levels of active
substances come into adequate contact with
target organisms, says the company. A closedloop control system is used to regulate sodium
hypochlorite production and an open-loop
control system regulates ozone production.
The system has obtained IMO approval and
gained SAMLA type approval in 2013.
CleanBallast
RWO
2
including from Canada, China, Germany,
Greece, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia for
bulker, container, heavy-lift, multipurpose,
and tanker vessel applications.
Facing the volatile conditions in the market
and a still insecure regulatory situation,
CleanBallast is upgradeable for even stricter
limit values. The system ensures minimum
power consumption and operates effectively
in all kinds of water, regardless of its salinity
or turbidity. The modularity of the system
allows a high flexibility of installation, which
makes it particularly suitable for retrofit
projects. Several societies have confirmed
CleanBallast’s technological maturity and
safety in operation, among them USCG, DNV,
Germany’s BSH, and Lloyd’s Register.
7
Neo-Purimar
Samsung HI
>
RWO’s modular CleanBallast
technology removes organisms, sediments,
and suspended solids in two steps. Upon
ballasting, in a first filtration step, disc
filters extract particles, sediment, and
organisms larger than 55µm. The filters are
designed to deliver excellent performance
even during heavy-duty operation in
harbours with high sediment loads where
most ballasting operations take place.
In a second step, the advanced EctoSys
electrochemical disinfection unit efficiently
disinfects the remaining smaller organisms
and bacteria before the water reaches the
ballast water tanks. RWO uses a specially
designed electrochemical process that works
independently of the water’s salinity.
To date more than 70 CleanBallast units
have been delivered and RWO says that more
than 50 of these have been commissioned for
commercial operations. CleanBallast has been
selected by a range of international customers,
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
2
7
> The Neo-Purimar system from
Samsung Heavy Industries treats ballast
on uptake and discharge in a two-stage
system. A 50µm self-cleaning filter removes
particles, sediments, and organisms during
ballast uptake before being disinfected by
electrolysis-based chlorination. To minimise
the use of the chlorine compound sodium
hypochlorite (NaOCl), sodium hypochlorite
solution generated from the electrolysis unit
is injected to maintain a maximum chlorine
concentration of 10mg/L total residual
oxidants. Water being deballasted is treated
by additional disinfection – the sodium
hypochlorite solution generated from the
electrolysis unit is reinjected – and neutralised
by a sodium thiosulphate solution. Hydrogen
gas, a byproduct of the electrochemical
process, is separated immediately upon exiting
the electrolytic cell by cyclone separation
and is not allowed to enter into the ballast
38
New BOLLFILTER Automatic TYPE 6.18.3C for Ballast Water Filtration:
Experience & Innovation
The new BOLLFILTER Automatic TYPE 6.18.3C reflects the whole competence and qualification of BOLL & KIRCH Filterbau GmbH as a preferred supplier of the marine industry.
With its new design it offers
• newly developed dual filter candles with
• low space requirement and small footprint,
cross and counterflow flushing for top per-
• simple and robust design for high reliability
formance in filtration and backflushing,
and long service life.
• new modular filter design for easiest instal-
Last but not least its short-term availability
lation and maintenance in new builds as well
and competitive price make it even more at-
as retrofits,
tractive.
BOLL & KIRCH Filterbau GmbH • P. O. Box 14 20
D-50143 Kerpen
Tel. +49 2273 562-0 • Fax +49 2273 562-223
e-mail: [email protected] • www.bollfilter.com
2
7
> The BalClor BWTS from Sunrui treats
ballast water by pre-filtration followed by
disinfection using sodium hypochlorite
solution (an active substance produced by
an electrolytic process during ballasting)
and neutralisation at deballasting using a
sodium thiosulphate solution. The water is
filtered by an automatic back-washing filter
with a 50µm screen to remove most marine
organisms. For the initial disinfection stage,
a small side stream of filtered ballast water is
delivered to an electrolytic unit to generate
a high concentration of oxidants in a mainly
sodium hypochlorite solution. The oxidants
are injected back into the main ballast stream
to provide effective disinfection. As a very
effective germicide, the sodium hypochlorite
solution can be kept in the ballast water for a
time to kill the plankton, spores, larvae, and
pathogens it contains. For the neutralisation
stage the total residual oxidant level of the
treated ballast water is monitored and kept
at 0.1ppm. If it remains above this level a
neutraliser solution, sodium thiosulphate, is
added automatically into the ballast pipe at
the deballasting stage to counteract residual
oxidants instantly. If the residual oxidant level
is below this level, the treated ballast water is
discharged directly.
7
> The type-approved and patented
BALPURE ballast water treatment is a
simple, reliable, and flexible electrolytic
disinfection treatment solution that meets
the most stringent ballast water discharge
requirements. BALPURE is the preferred
method of ballast water treatment for crude
oil tankers, chemical/product tankers, LNG/
LPG carriers, bulk carriers, and container ships,
according to Severn Trent Services. Using a
slipstream approach, the BALPURE system can
be remotely mounted away from the ballast
lines and split into small sub-assemblies to
minimise other equipment relocation and
additional engineering/ship redesigns.
Advantages of BALPURE include: an
efficient treatment approach as disinfectant
is generated from a 1% slipstream, so that
installation into the main ballast line is
not required; and low capital cost, which is
especially true in medium to high flow rate
applications for tankers and carriers, aligned
with a low operating cost.
Having been rigorously tested over eight
years, BALPURE is one of the most trusted
solutions available, the manufacturer says. A
ballast water treatment method for vessels
ranging from 500 to more than 20,000m3/h,
the BALPURE system features low power
requirements, low maintenance and flexible
installation. The BALPURE process is in situ
and on-demand, resulting in an effective,
economical solution for all ballast water
treatment needs.
© 2014 IHS
2
BalClor
Sunrui
water piping. The gas is then transmitted to a
de-gassing tank, which dilutes it to 1% (well
below the 4% lower explosive limit) before
exhausting to atmosphere.
BALPURE
Severn Trent Services
Sponsored by
Smart Ballast
STX Heavy Industries
7
> Smart Ballast is an electrolysis-based
BWTS developed by STX Heavy Industries. It
is a one-step treatment system that sterilises
for disinfection and does not use a filter.
The active substances, created by an
electrolysis activator, are completely
40
Space savings
50% 60%
Energy savings up to
Backing worldwide
100%
Leadership redefined – introducing PureBallast 3.0
The system that first led the way in ballast water treatment is once
again defining the cutting edge.
PureBallast 3.0 is the new generation of leading technology,
improved with the knowledge only real-world experience provides.
Though 50% smaller than its predecessors, it uses up to 60% less
energy and handles flows of up to 6000 m3/h.
What remain the same are the type-approved performance and
Alfa Laval’s full global backing.
Start taking the lead at www.alfalaval.com/pureballast3
neutralised by a counter-agent during
deballasting, says the company.
The automated neutralising machine is
efficient and can save time, the company
says, because the system produces a large
amount of neutralisation fluid in a short
period of time.
It also has low operation costs because of
low power consumption. All system facilities
can be operated manually, which makes the
system easy to repair and maintain. STX
also offers BWTS consulting services and its
system can be installed on both new vessels
and retrofits.
Electro-Cleen
Techcross
concentration of the hypochlorite solution is
injected directly into the ballast pipeline.
When using electrolysis, the ECS applies
electric currents. In the direct disinfection
mechanism, the electrical potential creates
holes in cell walls, causing them to expand
and break, thereby destroying the membranes
of micro-organisms. In addition, the OH
radical generated during the electrolysis
procedure by titanium electrodes acts as a
disinfectant. Through electrolysis, sufficient
quantities of total residual oxidants are
generated, preventing the regrowth of microorganisms and maintaining the efficacy of the
process. Residual chlorine also prohibits the
regrowth of the organisms in the ballast tank.
Since 2013, the ECS has been upgraded
with modifications to both software
(real-time monitoring, safety checking of
ballasting, deletion of the manual mode)
and hardware (ballast signal check module,
shut-type MCCB in PDE, pressure switch, and
gauge). With these upgrades, there are now
multiple layers of safety in place to safely shut
down and prevent the operation of the ECS
if necessary, even in emergency manual mode.
7
>
Techcross’s Electro-Cleen System
(ECS) employs electrolysis within the ballast
pipeline to cause an active substance, sodium
hypochlorite, and hydroxyl radicals to break
down cell membranes and disinfect ballast
water. The hypochlorite solution is a strong,
sustainable disinfectant that destroys the cell
nucleus, while the radicals are active only
for nanoseconds. Seawater passes through
an electro-chamber unit (ECU) positioned
after the ballast pump and the disinfectants
generated by electrolysis are used to treat
harmful micro-organisms.
The company says that ECS is the most
effective BWTS using electrolysis technology.
Various models of the ECS are supplied: ECS150B, ECS-300B, ECS-450B, ECS-600B, and
ECS-1000B. Explosion-proof versions are
available, which are denoted by an ‘Ex’ prefix,
for example Ex-ECS-150B.
The system differs from a typical electrochlorination system, in that the treatment
process provides electrochemical generation
of the biocide solution on board and a high
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
Purimar
Techwin Eco
2
7
> The Purimar system is described by its
manufacturer as an efficient method of
seawater electrolysis for safely generating
sodium hypochlorite on board.
At ballasting, the ballast water treatment
process carries out filtration and disinfection.
At deballasting, a neutralisation unit
decreases the concentration of total residual
oxidants before discharge if required. The
system immediately injects the solution
directly into the ballast water intake. A small
supply (less than 1% of total ballast flow) of
42
Sponsored by
seawater from the incoming ballast water line
is passed through bipolar electrolytic cells
in which it is subjected to low amperage and
medium-voltage direct current.
The company says the system has a small
footprint, is easy to install, and has low
maintenance costs, with no increase to
corrosion. Power consumption is predicted
to be 26kW for a 600m3/h unit and 224kW
for a 6,500m3/h unit. Purimar was granted
type approval on 31 October 2011 by the
South Korean Ministry of Land, Transport and
Maritime Affairs.
2
Trojan Marinex
Trojan Marinex
AQUARIUS-UV BWTS uses a two-stage
process, with filtration then followed by
disinfection using UV light, and does not use
any active substances.
At discharge the filter is bypassed and
water from the ballast tanks is pumped
through the UV chamber, where it is treated
for a second time before being discharged
overboard. The Wärtsilä AQUARIUS-UV
BWTS’s development is based upon validated
filtration and UV technologies to ensure
performance in fresh, brackish, and sea
water conditions and has been granted USCG
AMS acceptance. System operation is fully
automated and allows for flexible integration
with ship systems. There are two product
variants; one for safe area installation and
another with EX certification for installation
in hazardous areas.
The Wärtsilä AQUARIUS-EC BWTS
employs a two-stage approach, with filtration
followed by disinfection using in situ sidestream electro-chlorination. At discharge
the filter is bypassed and the water from the
ballast tanks is neutralised only if there is
residual active substance above the MARPOL
discharge limits.
Neutralisation is performed using sodium
bisulphite, ensuring that the ballast water
can be safely discharged back into the sea.
The BWTS is IMO type approved and will gain
USCG AMS acceptance and EX certification in
early 2014.
Both of the AQUARIUS BWTS technologies
use a modular design approach to maximise
installation flexibility and standardisation of
parts. A common filter module is used in both.
Filtration uses automatic back-washing 40µm
screen filter technology designed specifically
for ballast water applications.
Both of the AQUARIUS BWTS technologies
are PLC-controlled, with touchscreen
operation and all relevant data stored by the
3
> The Trojan Marinex BWTS treats ballast
water using two stages (filtration and UV)
housed within the same unit.
Filtration removes larger particles and
organisms. UV inactivates the remaining
organisms and micro-organisms. During
deballasting, the filter is bypassed and the
ballast water from the tanks passes through
the UV chamber of the unit only.
The ballast water treatment product suite
includes a full range of systems that are able
to treat any flow rate throughout all water
qualities. There are seven unit sizes, ranging
from 150m3/h to 1,500m3/h. For operational
flexibility, redundancy, or higher flow rates,
units can be installed in parallel without
compromising efficacy.
AQUARIUS
Wärtsilä
1
3
and
1
7
> Wärtsilä’s AQUARIUS range of BWTS
uses two treatment technologies, UV
light and electro-chlorination (EC). The
© 2014 IHS
43
programmable logic controller in line with
IMO requirements.
In all cases the system can be fully
integrated (optional) into the ship main
control system to achieve complete ballast
water management on board ship.
In addition to BWTS equipment supply,
Wärtsilä offers a BWTS Partnership
Program which provides the full range of
design, engineering, project management,
installation and global through-life support
services to provide customers with solutions
that meet the range of requirements across
existing fleet and new-build projects.
BSKY
Wuxi BrightSky Electronic
2
treatment. The modular design concept of the
BSKY BWTS makes for flexible installation.
ARA Plasma BWTS
21st Century Shipbuilding
2
3
> Formerly known as the Blue Ocean
Guardian (BOG) system, the filtration
module of the ARA Plasma BWTS removes
aquatic organisms and particles larger than
50µm during ballasting.
Back-flushing water, which includes
micro-organisms and particles retained by the
automatic back-flushing devices, is returned
overboard. After filtration, aquatic organisms
are destroyed by intensive shockwaves
produced by a low-voltage plasma module.
In the next step, residual organisms and
bacteria are disinfected by a medium-pressure
ultraviolet (MPUV) module. The MPUV
module uses a wavelength of UV-C (200–
280nm) to generate UV rays from a mercuryarc lamp. It is available for automatic cleaning
in order to increase the penetration rate of a
quartz tube.
During deballasting, while the filtration
module is bypassed, the plasma module and
MPUV module disinfect the water again to
protect against micro-organisms and bacteria
regrowth that may have occurred during the
voyage. Power consumption during a water
treatment rate of 150m3/h was estimated to
be less than 4.5kW for filtration, 13kW for
the MPUV module, and less than 1.5kW for
the plasma module.
The system is said to be fully automatic and
eco-friendly, with no chemical substances
added for disinfection of ballast water. It is
compact and offers convenient installation
and low power consumption. The sterilisation
of ballast water is highly effective, regardless
of low salinity or high turbidity.
3
> The modular BSKY system uses what
the company calls enhanced physical
treatment in a BWTS that employs cyclonic
and ultrasonic pre-filtration combined with
UV irradiation.
On ballasting, water passes through a
hydrocyclone. This pre-filter has a strong
separating performance, says the company,
which avoids clogging, making the filter
maintenance-free.
The ultrasonic pre-filter also limits the
intake of organisms and sediment. The water
is treated by a UV module, which destroys
micro-organisms.
During the discharge process, the water is
treated again to eliminate any growth that
may have occurred in the ballast tanks. At
this stage the hydrocyclone is bypassed.
The company argues that conventional
filtration systems – those using a 50µm filter
– can experience problems with clogging and
often require replacement.
The ultrasonic pre-filter prevents regrowth
and leads to lower power consumption on UV
© 2014 IHS
Sponsored by
44
Ballast water
is your system actually working?
Get the experts on board!
#62 (&5(204 $85320$3:4 $7'628(* 3*-$.( 03:! 06 /1 ,2109
" Understand your ballasting environment before
choosing your system.
" Ensure that your system meets the IMO D-2
discharge standard and US VGP requirements.
" Test your system once it is installed.
" Regular testing will reduce the risk of delays and/
or Port State intervention.
+8320 )((01 .%661( /1
[email protected]
+44 (0)1752 633 412
www.pml-applications.co.uk
Sponsored by
Shipowners fear
regulation breach
> It is no secret that great confusion
surrounds the future implementation
of the yet to be ratified Ballast Water
Management (BWM) Convention under
which shipowners will have to meet
rigorous rules on how they use technology
to discharge ballast water. Shipping
transfers about 3 to 5 billion tonnes of
ballast water internationally each year,
which poses significant environmental
threats through the transfer of invasive
marine species into new environments.
According to IHS Maritime data, the ship
types which have the highest number of ballast
water management systems in use are bulk
carriers, container ships, and crude oil tankers
(see graph).
One of the issues at stake for shipowners
is lack of familiarity with D1 and D2
regulations: D1 specifies the volume of water
to be replaced and D2 covers approved ballast
water treatment systems, and specifies the
levels of viable organisms that can be left in
water after treatment.
Shipowners face the risk that their ballast
water discharge solutions could breach the
D2 regulations if the ship operator overflows
a ballast tank via a ballast water treatment
system. Another problem is failing to comply
with the Vessel General Permit (VGP)
regulations, which centre on conduct around
US ports. The fear is that shipowners could
be fined or become involved in an alleged
pollution incident.
Ballast water consultant Michael
Haraldsson from Haraldsson Consulting
© 2014 IHS
Number of ballast water
management systems
1400
1211
1200
1000
800
600
400
450
363
Container
Ship (Fully
Cellular)
Crude Oil
Tanker
200
0
Bulk Carrier
Source: IHS
© 2014 IHS
cautioned: “When the International
Maritime Organization introduced the
D2 regulation, I think they only thought
about overflow of a tank in terms of foreign
species; they forgot that the character of the
water changes between intake and overflow
if you use an active solution. Everyone
knows that you have re-growth with the UV
solution. That is why you have to use UV
during de-ballast as well. The problem is that
you never make the ballast tank 100% empty
and therefore, at your next ballasting, you
will mix treated water with the water in
the tanks.”
The 2008 VGP requirements expired on
19 December 2013. Earlier in 2013, the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
issued updated VGP requirements that started
from 19 December 2013 and are to apply for
another five years.
46
Sponsored by
Approvals
and international regulations are drawn up to
handle the fallout of ballast water discharge
– meaning continuing vigilance of the legal
landscape to ensure compliance with present
and future requirements – and stretched
people and financial resources.
“Such investment will be needed to ensure
ships physically comply with the rules, crews
are properly trained as to how to comply in
practice, and shore-based staff need to be
able to monitor and follow up on vessel’s
operations,” added Ott.
Describing the 2013 VGP rules as the
“most ground-breaking regulatory change
that has ever hit the marine industry”, the
Canadian Ship Owners Association (CSA)
echoed similar concerns about its impact.
According to CSA’s president, Robert LewisManning, under the regulations certain ships
will be required to carry equipment designed
to kill foreign organisms in the ballast water
and prevent them from entering the Great
Lakes ecosystem. He said newly constructed
vessels, or vessels currently under
construction will be required to have the
solutions installed as early as 19 December
2013 with other classes of ships requiring
the upgrades by 2014 or 2016. However, the
crux of the problem is that it is claimed that
the technology does not exist yet – an issue
the CSA is looking at in ongoing discussions
with the US authorities. However, many
systems have received an AMS.
It appears that until the Canadian
authorities have a ballast water regulation
framework that is in harmony with the US VGP
regulations there is a potential for the US VGP
regulations to be unworkable for the Canadian
shipping industry.
In the meantime, shipowners can seek
guidance and assistance from the USCG and
ship classification societies on the new 2013
US VGP ballast water regulations.
The VGP is a set of environmental
regulations designed to reduce pollution
by commercial vessels greater than 24m
(79 feet) in length, excluding military and
recreational vessels visiting US ports or
operating in US waters. The VGP is enforced
by the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), but monitored by the US Coast Guard
(USCG) during normal Port State Control
examinations. The new (2013) regulations
state that each vessel must comply with the
provisions of a VGP which will be issued by
the EPA. The 2013 VGP does prohibit the
discharge of untreated sediments from the
cleaning of ballast tanks into US waters as
well as requiring other measures to reduce
sediment intake.
The USCG will establish an approval process
for ballast water treatment systems. It will
include land-based tests, following the EPA’s
Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)
Protocol (2010), as well as shipboard tests.
This approval process is not expected to be
fully workable until 2015, and meanwhile an
Alternative Management System (AMS) may
be used, provided that it is installed on the ship
before the required implementation date, and
that the AMS has been approved by the USCG
on a “case by case” basis.
The USCG 2013 VGP ballast water discharge
standards are of concern within the maritime
industry as breaching them can result in
significant civil and criminal penalties for
shipowners, warned Christian Ott, vicepresident head of claims at Scandanavian P&I
club Skuld, which has published guidelines for
its members on how to meet them.
Ott said that Skuld had observed an
increased focus on the potential
environmental impact of vessel discharges
over the past 10 years. A legal maze is now
emerging as countries create their own rules
© 2014 IHS
47
Sponsored by
Creating value
in a tough market
> The ballast water
treatment market has
stalled since the topic
popped up on the agenda
of international shipowners
in 2004. Predictions about
when the International
Maritime Organization’s
(IMO’s) Convention will
come into force change
at regular intervals,
keeping manufacturers
waiting while some
shipowners forge ahead
with installing a ballast
water treatment system (BWTS). In this
highly competitive market, shipowners
are now concerned with systems’
certification and the economics of
purchasing and maintaining a system.
Twenty years earlier, in the late 1980s,
Canada and Australia were among countries
experiencing problems with invasive
species, and they brought their concerns
to the attention of the IMO’s Marine
Environment Protection Committee
(MEPC). In 2004 the topic seemed to be
solved and a regulation was found in which
ecological experts and scientists put their
trust as the IMO set high standards.
Convention is still waiting for full ratification,
manufacturers have developed a wide range of
ballast water treatment products, each with
different technologies and advantages.
The US Coast Guard (USCG), in the
meantime, has pressed ahead with its own
regulation, triggering some movement in a
market that has slowed down, waiting for
progress and for the expected boom to come.
In April 2013, the USCG accepted the first
group of ballast water treatment systems as
Alternate Management Systems (AMS), a
certification that is valid for five years, but
manufacturers must still seek full
type approval.
Reliable criteria
A different situation
Manufacturers are collecting certifications
from various class societies, hoping to
prove the quality of their equipment and
to induce shipowners and other potential
Today, 10 years after the Convention was
adopted, the situation is very different from
everyone’s expectations. While the IMO
© 2014 IHS
48
Sponsored by
customers to consider their system as the
optimal investment. But incidents with some
type-approved systems show that even the
certifications provide no proof of safety or
technological advancement – and some owners
will have to invest twice if they make the
wrong choice based on tempting price offers.
Bremen-based RWO launched its
CleanBallast technology in 2007 and in 2014
more than 60 systems are installed, dozens
of them in operation. As a true marine water
treatment expert, its products’ maturity and
German-quality engineering have withstood
the most difficult ballast water situations and
conditions. Outside of the consistent positive
feedback from international societies, the
company works alongside shipowners in a
partnership style as opposed to being one of
many suppliers to a shipowner.
“RWO is already a global market leader
in oily water separators, and sustainable
e
partner to shipowners and shipyards since the
er
company has been dedicated to marine water
treatment over 30 years ago,” explained Peterr
Wolf, director sales and marketing at RWO.
“As such an old hand in the marine water
technology market, it is our duty to create
the best package for our customers, both in a
de
technological and economical way, tailormade
for his fleet. The best deal for RWO is always a
satisfied customer. This attitude has brought
us where we are today.”
Seaspan in 2013, which bought ballast water
treatment systems for the new SAVER class
vessels, acknowledging RWO’s technological
improvements and strong partnership.
Subsequently, several shipowners have put
their trust in RWO, believing that a fair and
solid partnership is far more valuable than
choosing a ballast water treatment product
from companies that have arisen with the
birth of the ballast water treatment market to
participate in the gold rush.
RWO’s CleanBallast system has been
installed on more than 60 ships
Partnership
RWO’s first order for CleanBallast was from
a German shipowner for 20 units when
it first launched the system in 2007. The
customer was impressed not only by the
technological advantages, but also RWO’s
support in this case. In 2012 RWO secured a
repeat order, based on the excellent customerr
service the customer experienced. A similar
sentiment was shared by Canadian company
© 2014 IHS
RWO
49
Sponsored by
About RWO
> Bremen-based manufacturer
RWO started its business in 1975,
manufacturing water and wastewater
treatment technologies for the marine
industry. RWO’s CleanBallast system
came to commercial maturity in 2007;
since then the company has become
one of the most important and reliable
suppliers in the ballast water treatment
market, offering technological refinement
as well as excellent partnership
and collaboration.
To date, more than 16,000 ships have
been equipped with RWO products, some of
Sr Director, Information & Editorial, Maritime:
Louisa Swaden
Editor: Uchenna Izundu
Chief Sub-editor: Jonathan Maynard
Contributors: John Brewer, Jason Barnes
Head of Design: Roberto Filistad
Designer: Choo Eng, Koay
Production: Sarah Treacy
Head of Advertising Sales: Adam Foster
Tel: +44 (0) 20 3253 2290
IHS Maritime, Sentinel House,
them running since the 1980s. The whole
product portfolio includes ballast water
treatment, oil/water separation, waste
water treatment, process water treatment or
freshwater treatment for newbuildings and
retrofitting. RWO’s network of more than 50
qualified sales and service stations established
throughout the world aims to provide its
customers with short communication links
and rapid response times.
> More information e-mail:
[email protected]
Or visit: www.rwo.de
© 2014 IHS. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, or be stored in any retrieval system of
any nature, without prior written permission of IHS Global Limited. Any views
or opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of
IHS Global Limited or its affiliates.
Disclaimer of liability
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of the
information contained in this publication at the time of going to press, IHS
Global Limited and its affiliates assume no responsibility as to the accuracy or
completeness of and, to the extent permitted by law, shall not be liable for any
errors or omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by reliance on
information or any statement contained in this publication. Advertisers are solely
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and for ensuring that the material complies with applicable laws. IHS Global
Limited and its affiliates are not responsible for any error, omission or inaccuracy
in any advertisement and will not be liable for any damages arising from any
use of products or services or any actions or omissions taken in reliance on
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163 Brighton Road, Coulsdon,
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Printed by Warners Midlands plc, The Maltings,
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© 2014 IHS
Trade marks
IHS Maritime is a trade mark of IHS Global Limited.
50
THE SMART WAY TO ENSURE
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE
AND STOP MARINE INVASIONS
For environmental peace of mind Wärtsilä supply the widest range
of marine technologies on earth, this includes a range of ballast
water management solutions to help meet specific requirements of
individual owners and their vessels. Our technologies use a simple
two stage process involving filtration and a choice of either electrochlorination (EC) or UV treatment. With our partnership program,
we work in close co-operation with you on all stages of the project,
and our turnkey solutions provide everything you need from the
same place – from selection and configuration to engineering and
supervision. Read more at www.wartsila.com

Guide to Ballast Water Treatment Systems 2014 t - GloBallast

Transcription

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