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Citation as online first paper: Biharean Biologist (on-first): art.151206
BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST
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Contact e-mail: [email protected]
(International journal of biology)
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BIHAREAN BIOLOGIST
ACCEPTED PAPER
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- Online until proofing -
Authors: Roya Namaki KHAMNEH; Samad KHAGHANINIA; Stepan KUBIK
Title: Taxonomic study of the genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera,
Chloropidae) in Shabestar region with two species as new records for the Iranian
fauna
Journal: Biharean Biologist
Article number: 151206
Status: awaiting proofing
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How to cite:
Khamneh R.N., Khaghaninia S., Kubik S., (in press): Taxonomic study of the
genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Shabestar region with
two species as new records for the Iranian fauna. Biharean Biologist (online first):
art.151206
Date published: 2015-11-26
Citation as online first paper: Biharean Biologist (on-first): art.151206
Taxonomic study of the genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Chloropidae) in Shabestar
region with two species as new records for the Iranian fauna
Roya Namaki Khamneh1, Samad Khaghaninia1*, Stepan Kubik2
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1. University of Tabriz, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, 51664, Tabriz,
I.R.Iran
2. Department of Zoology and Fishery, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources,
Czech University of Agriculture, Czech Republic
*Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Based on the collected specimens from Shabestar region located in East Azarbaijan
during 2013–2014, eight species of the genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 were recognized which
among them, M. filippovi Ozerov, 2009 and M. ornata (Wiedemann, 1817) are reported as new
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records to the Iranian insect fauna. A key to the studied species along with their diagnostic
characters, geographical distribution and supplementary figures are given.
Key words: Chloropidae, Meromyza, Iran, Shabestar, New records.
Introduction
The family Chloropidae, commonly named grass flies, has 204 genera and more than
2500 described species belongs to 4 subfamilies (Siphonellopsinae, Rhodesiellinae, Oscinellinae,
Chloropinae) are a fairly large family of Acalyptratae flies (Nartshuk 2012). The frit flies of the
genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 belong to the subfamily Chloropinae which has 95 species in the
Holarctic region, 67 of which are identified from Palaearctic and 23 of them are from Nearctic
Region and the rest are found in other zoogeographical regions. Larvae of this genus are
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considered as pests of several species of poaceus plants, including the wheat, rye, and barley
(Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011a). The main characteristics of these flies are as follow: yellowish
and greenish elongated body, except of the subgenus Nippomera Fedoseeva et Nartshuk, 1983
which has a completely black body; the mesonotum with black, brownish or rufous longitudinal
Citation as online first paper: Biharean Biologist (on-first): art.151206
stripes; head square with short setae; ocellar triangle with a black ocellar tubercle and black
spots; the hind femur is thickened with two rows of black spines ventrally, the hind tibia is
curved accordingly; wing veins R2+3 and R4+5 are curved sharply towards its anterior margin
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(Nartshuk et al. 1988, Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011a, Nartshuk & Andersson 2013). The presence
of a wide phenotypic plasticity in the genus like seasonal as well geographical colorations make
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some difficulties in their identifications (Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011a).
In the nearest studies, Ozerov (2009) described Meromyza filippovi Ozerov from the
European part of Turkey, Nartshuk & Fedoseeva (2011a, b) reviewed the genus Meromyza in the
Palaearctic region, Nartshuk (2011- 2012) studied the chloropids of Turkey and described the
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Meromyza turcica Nartshuk. Nartshuk & Andersson (2013) published a comprehensive book
entitled “The Frit Flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark” about this family
and, Safonkin et al. (2013) studied the distribution of the genus Meromyza in Vologda Oblast and
East Poland.
Before this study 19 species of the genus Meromyza had been identified from Iran
(Behdad 1982, Rajabi et al. 1997, Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011b, Khaghaninia & Gharajedaghi
2013, Khaghaninia et al. 2014). Faunistic study on this genus has not been carried down in
Shabestar region so far, therefore this study was conducted in this.
Materials and Methods
Materials were collected by sweeping the poaceus plants’ heads using entomological net
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from Shabestar region in East Azerbaijan province- Iran during 2013- 2014. Shabestar region is
located in the northern east of East Azerbaijan province with X from 45˚5ʹ to 46˚9ʹ E, Y from
37˚5ʹ to 38˚24ʹ N, and varying in altitude from 1275 m to 3195 m a.s.l. The collected specimens
were killed in a potassium cyanide jar. In order to dissection of the male genitalia, the
postabdomen was removed and soaked in boiling 10% KOH solution for about 10 minutes. The
Citation as online first paper: Biharean Biologist (on-first): art.151206
specimens were kept in 75% ethanol in glass vials. These Collected specimens were stored in
both the Insect Collection of Professor Hasan Maleki Milani, Tabriz, Iran (ICHMM) and Czech
University of Life Sciences collections (CULS). The species were identified according to
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Nartshuk et al. (1988), Nartshuk & Fedoseeva (2011a), and Nartshuk & Andersson (2013). The
distributions of the studied species mostly were provided from Nartshuk & Fedoseeva, (2011b)
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and Nartshuk & Andersson (2013).
Results
In this study, eight species of the genus Meromyza from the Shabestar region were
collected and identified which among them, M. filippovi Ozerov, 2008 and M. ornata
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(Wiedemann, 1817) as well as M. curvinervis Zetterstedt, 1848; M. facialis Fedoseeva, 1962 and
M. pluriseta Péterfi, 1961 are newly reported from Iran and the East Azarbayjan province,
respectively.
Key to the studied species of the genus Meromyza Meigen, 1830 (With same modification
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from Nartshuk et al. 1988, Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011a, Nartshuk & Andersson 2013)
1. Abdomen black dorsally (Fig. 16). Ocellar triangle with a large black semisquare spot
(Fig. 15). Postgonite as in Fig. 17 …….… Spring form of M. nigriventris Macquart, 1835
–
Abdomen pale with or without 1 or 3 black or brown longitudinal stripes………………. 2
2. The
last
tarsal
segment
distinctly
black
(Fig.
7).
Postgonite
as
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Fig.
9………………………………………………………………… M. filippovi Ozerov, 2008
–
All tarsal segments pale or slightly darkened ……………………………………………. 3
3. Palpi pale, occasionally weakly darkened only apically …………………………...……. 4
–
Palpi black in apical halves …………………………………………………………...…. 5
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4. Male genitalia (Fig. 21, 22): Epandrium with long setae, end of anterior process of
postgonite tapered ……………………………………..….. M. ornata (Wiedemann, 1817)
–
Male genitalia: Epandrium with short setae, postgonite norrower at the apex (Fig.
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32)…………………………………………………………... M. variegata Meigen, 1830
5. Median stripe of mesonotum not passing onto scutellum (Fig. 2). Postgonite as in Fig.
–
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1………………………………………………………...... M. curvinervis Zetterstedt, 1848
Median stripe of mesonotum passing onto scutellum …...………………………………. 6
6. Lower margin of gena with a row of black setae (Fig. 23). Postgonite as in Fig.
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25.................................................................................................. M. pluriseta Péterfi, 1961
–
Lower margin of gena without or with a row of yellow setae …………………………… 7
7. Stripes of mesonotum black and brown (Fig.
12), Postgonite as in Fig.
13………...……………………….…..…Summer form of M. nigriventris Macquart, 1835
–
All stripes on mesonotum black..………………………………………………………….8
8. Postgonite
very
large,
with
tip
of
anterior
process
depressed
(Fig.
29)…………………………………………………………... M. saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1761)
–
Anterior
process
of
postgonite
black,
with
slightly
concave
lower
margin
(Fig.
6)……………………………………………………………... M. facialis Fedoseeva, 1962
The List of studied Meromyza Meigen, 1830 species
Meromyza curvinervis Zetterstedt, 1848 (Fig. 1-3)
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Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Shanejan), 38°13'39.3" N,
45°43'07.6" E, 1602 m, 1♂, 28 Jul. 2014; leg. R. Namaki Khamneh.
Host: Ammophila arenaria and Corynephorus canescens (Poaceae) (Nartshuk & Andersson
2013).
Citation as online first paper: Biharean Biologist (on-first): art.151206
Distribution: This species is commonly distributed in palaearctic region including Kazakhstan,
Central Asia, Afghanistan, East Siberia and the steppes of Mongolia, Iran.
Meromyza facialis Fedoseeva, 1962 (Fig. 4-5)
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Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Sharafkhaneh), 38°11'30.0" N,
45°30'05.7" E, 1320 m, 2♂♂, 10 Jun. 2014; leg. R. Namaki Khamneh.
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Host: Unknown
Distribution: This species is identified from the north Caucasus (Ciscaucasia) and Iran (Rajabi et
al. 1997).
Meromyza filippovi Ozerov, 2009 (Fig. 7-9)
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Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Heris), 38°15'04.2" N, 45°31'02.3" E,
1595 m, 3♂♂, 15 Jun. 2014; leg. R. Namaki Khamneh.
Diagnostic characters: Stripes on mesonotum brownish, median stripe ends before scutellum;
abdomen without any stripe; ocellar triangle yellow without black lateral margins; only ultimate
tarsal segment black; palpi entirely yellow; lower margin of gena without setae; body length 4
mm.
Host: Unknown
Distribution: This species is identified from the European part of Turkey. First record from
Iran.
Meromyza nigriventris Macquart, 1835 (Figs. 10-17)
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Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Heris), 38°15'04.2" N, 45°31'02.3" E,
1595 m, 90♂♂ 81♀♀, 15 Jul. 2014; (Haftcheshmeh), 38°12'24.1" N, 45°27'29.8" E, 1313 m,
75♂♂ 80♀♀, 19 Jun. 2013; (Khamneh), 38°11'26.2" N, 45°38'08.9" E, 1501 m, 103♂♂ 96♀♀,
12 Jul. 2014; (Kuzekonan), 38°11'07.6" N, 45°33'41.8" E, 1383 m, 119♂♂ 103♀♀, 7 Jun. 2014;
(Shanejan), 38°13'39.3" N, 45°43'07.6" E, 1602 m, 351♂♂ 358♀♀, 4 Jun. 2014; (Sharafkhaneh),
Citation as online first paper: Biharean Biologist (on-first): art.151206
38°11'30.0" N, 45°30'05.7" E, 1320 m, 131♂♂ 120♀♀, 3 May. 2014; (Til), 38°15'31.7" N,
45°28'50.8" E, 1489 m, 83♂♂ 101♀♀, 4 Jul. 2014; leg. R. Namaki Khamneh.
Comment: The spring and summer forms are found from fields near the Orumieh Lake with
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about 1300 m latitude and mostly from Mishov mountainside with about 1700 m altitude,
respectively.
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Host: Larvae develop in different cereals: wheat, barley, rye and many wild grasses: Aegelops
sp., Elytrigia repens, E. tenerum, Agropyron cristatum, Lolium perenne, Arrhanatherum elatius,
Phleum pratense, Hierochloe odorata and Calamagrostis epigeios. Therefore, this species is a
pest of cereals (Nartshuk & Andersson 2013).
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Distribution: This species has Holarctic distribution; in the Palaearctic Region, from Western
Europe to China and Japan, also in Iran (Khaghaninia et al. 2014).
Meromyza ornata (Wiedemann, 1817) (Fig. 18-22)
Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Khamneh), 38°11'26.2" N,
45°38'08.9" E, 1501 m, 2♂♂ 4♀♀, 12 Jul. 2014; leg. R. Namaki Khamneh.
Diagnostic characters: Background color greenish; body elongated; ocellar triangle longer than
wide basally, surface of ocellar triangle wrinkled, ocellar triangle yellow; occiput black; head
setae predominantly black; palpi greenish; stripes of mesonotum black, but the middle stripe
brownish in anterior part, median stripe passing through scutellum; abdomen with 2 spots on
posterior margin of 1st tergit, other tergites with 1 spot at the middle; hind femora 2.5 times as
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thick as tibiae; epandrium covered with long pale setae; body length 4.0– 4.5 mm.
Host: Larvae live in shoots of Deschampsia caespitosa. The first instar hibernate and in spring
move into another plant to continue development (Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011b).
Distribution: This species is distributed in Palaearctic Region from Europe to the Russian Far
East. The First record from Iran.
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Meromyza pluriseta Péterfi, 1961 (Fig. 23-25)
Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Til), 38°15'31.7" N, 45°28'50.8" E,
1489 m, 1♂, 4 Jul. 2014; leg. R. Namaki Khamneh.
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Host: Larvae feed and develop in shoots of Hierochloe odorata, Elytrigia repens and perhaps on
other grasses (Nartshuk & Andersson 2013).
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Distribution: This species is distributed in Palaearctic Region including Kazakhstan, Central
Asia, Afghanistan, East Siberia and Mongolia and Iran.
Meromyza saltatrix (Linnaeus, 1761) (Fig. 26-29)
Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Heris), 38°15'04.2" N, 45°31'02.3" E,
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1595 m, 5♂♂ 8♀♀, 15 Jul. 2014; (Khamneh), 38°11'26.2" N, 45°38'08.9" E, 1501 m, 7♂♂
10♀♀, 12 Jul. 2014; (Kuzekonan), 38°11'07.6" N, 45°33'41.8" E, 1383 m, 5♂♂ 2♀♀, 7 Jun.
2014; (Shanejan), 38°13'39.3" N, 45°43'07.6" E, 1602 m, 10♂♂ 12♀♀, 4 Jun. 2014;
(Sharafkhaneh),
38°11'30.0"
N,
45°30'05.7"
E,
1320
m,
7♂♂
6♀♀,
3
May.
2014; (Til), 38°15'31.7" N, 45°28'50.8" E, 1489 m, 10♂♂ 8♀♀, 4 Jul. 2014; leg. R. Namaki
Khamneh.
Host: Larvae are phytophagous. The recorded plants as host are Poa pratensis, Elytrigia repens
and Festuca rubra (Nartshuk & Andersson 2013).
Distribution: This species has Holarctic distribution which in the Palaearctic Region from
Europe to China, and in the Nearctic Region, only in Alaska. Also in Iran (Behdad 1982,
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Khaghaninia et al. 2014)
Meromyza variegata Meigen, 1830 (Fig. 30-32)
Material examined: East Azarbaijan province: Shabestar (Heris), 38°15'04.2" N, 45°31'02.3" E,
1595 m, 3♂♂ 1♀, 15 Jul. 2014; (Shanejan), 38°13'39.3" N, 45°43'07.6" E, 1602 m, 9♂♂ 4♀♀, 4
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Jun. 2014; (Til), 38°15'31.7" N, 45°28'50.8" E, 1489 m, 4♂♂ 1♀, 4 Jul. 2014; leg. R. Namaki
Khamneh.
Host: This species feed on Phleum phleoides and also can feed on cultivated cereals. (Nartshuk
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& Andersson 2013, Safonkin et al. 2013).
Distribution: This species is distributed in Europe, Afghanistan and Iran (Khaghaninia &
Discussion
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Gharajedaghi 2013).
Shabestar region with special situation, between Urmiyeh salty lake in the south and the Mishov
mountain in the north, has diverse environments with very rich flora and subsequently insect
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fauna like frit flies. Species of the genus Meromyza are found in forest, open habitats such as
grasslands, steppe and less frequently, in floodland meadows, on pastures, on roadsides and in
fields (Nartshuk & Fedoseeva 2011b). The results show the species M. nigriventris has a large
frequency among the other species which followed by M.saltatrix. The species M. nigriventris,
one of the most important pests of cereals is collected more significantly from the wheat and
barley fields than grasslands, evidently this species prefer the cereals as host more than the
grasslands (Nartshuk & Andersson 2013). As the species of this genus could be serious pests of
the cereal thus in order to know the fauna of this genus in the other parts of Iran, further studies
are necessary.
References:
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Behdad, E. (1982): Pests of field crops in Iran. Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute,
Esfahan, Iran.
Khaghaninia, S., Gharajedaghi, Y. (2013): Study of grassland pests of grass flies (Diptera:
Cloropidae) in East Azerbaijan province. Iranian Journal of Forest and Range Protection
Research 11 (1): 68–77.
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Khaghaninia, S., Gharajedaghi, Y., Namaki Khamneh, R. (2014): Some of the chloropid flies
(Diptera: Chloropidae) of wheat fields from East Azerbaijan province with new pest records
for Iran. Applied Researches in Plant Protection 3 (1): 65– 75.
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Nartshuk, E.P. (2011- 2012): Chloropidae (Diptera) of Turkey with descriptions of new species
and new records. Israel Journal of Entomology 41–42: 115–144.
Cyclorrhapha, Muscomorpha). Zootaxa 3267: 1– 43.
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Nartshuk, E.P. (2012): A check list of the world genera of the family Chloropidae (Diptera,
Nartshuk, E.P., Andersson, H. (2013): The Frit Flies (Chloropidae, Diptera) of Fennoscandia and
Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, vol. 43, Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden.
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Nartshuk, E.P., Fedoseeva, L. I. (2011a): A Review of the Grass flies of the Genus Meromyza
Meigen, 1830 (Diptera, Chloropidae) of the Palaearctic Fauna, with a key to the species,
analysis of synonymy, host specialization, and geographical distribution: Part 1.
Entomological Review 91 (1): 103 – 120.
Nartshuk, E.P., Fedoseeva, L. I. (2011b). A review of grass flies of the genus Meromyza Meigen,
1830 (Diptera, Chloropidae) of the Palaearctic Fauna with a key to species, analysis of the
synonymy, host specialization, and geographic distribution. Part 2. Entomological Review 91
(6): 778– 795.
Nartshuk, E.P., Smirnov, E.S., Fedosceva, L. (1988): Family Chloropidae. pp. 669–731. In: BeiBienko G.Y. (eds.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR, vol: 5 (1): Diptera
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(Insecta): NHBS- GY Bei-Bienko, Pensoft Publishers.
Ozerov, A.L. (2009): Contributions to the knowledge of European species of the genus
Meromyza (Diptera: Chloropidae). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 88 (1): 127– 128.
Rajabi, GH.R., Hosseyni, S.M., Mansour Ghazi, M. (1997): Diptera species occurring in Wheat
and barley in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology 64 (1, 2): 1– 12
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Safonkin, A.F., Triseleva, T.A., Akent’eva, N.A. (2013): Distribution of Frit Flies (Chloropidae:
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Meromyza Mg.) in Vologda Oblast and East Poland. Biology Bulletin 40 (5): 479– 487.
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Fig. 1-3): Meromyza curvinervis (male): 1. postgonite, lateral view, 2. dorsal view, 3. lateral
view.
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Fig. 4-6): Meromyza facialis (male): 4. dorsal view of head, 5. dorsal view, 6. postgonite, lateral
view.
Fig. 7-9): Meromyza filippovi (male): 7. lateral view, 8. dorsal view, 9. postgonite, lateral view.
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Fig. 10-13): Summer form of Meromyza nigriventris (male): 10. lateral view, 11. dorsal view of
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head, 12. dorsal view, 13. postgonite, lateral view.
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Fig. 14-17): Spring form of Meromyza nigriventris (male): 14. Hind femora, 15. dorsal view of
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head, 16. dorsal view, 17. postgonite, lateral view.
Fig. 18-22): Meromyza ornata (male): 18. dorsal view of head, 19. lateral view of head, 20.
dorsal view, 21. dorsal view of epandrium, 22. postgonite, lateral view.
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Fig. 23-25): Meromyza pluriseta (male): 23. lateral view of head, 24. dorsal view, 25. postgonite,
lateral view.
Fig. 26-29): Meromyza Saltatrix (male): 26. lateral view, 27. dorsal view of head, 28. dorsal
view, 29. postgonite, lateral view.
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Fig. 30-32): Meromyza variegata (male): 30. lateral view of head, 31. dorsal view, 32.
postgonite, lateral view.