Basic Search for epexegetic kai Vine`s Expository Dictionary of Old

Transcription

Bill Brewer, http://historeo.com
Word Study on the Epexegetic Use of "kai"
1
Basic Search for epexegetic kai
Vine's Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words 33 hits in 5 articles
Even (Adverb, Etc.), Even As, Even So (G3798) 7×
Adverb, Etc.), Even As, Even So even (Adverb, etc.), even as, even so 1. kai (
connective, meaning “and;” it frequently, however, has an…
, (2532)), a conjunction, is usually a mere
Hope (Noun and Verb), Hope (For) (G1680) 2×
as a hendiadys (one by means of two), i.e., the hope of the resurrection; but the kai, “and,” is epexegetic, de ning the
hope, namely, the resurrection; (2) Acts 26:6, 7, “the hope of the…
Regeneration (G3824) 2×
use of the word with its application to Israel, in Matt. 19:28. Some regard the kai in Tit. 3:5 as epexegetic, ‘even;’ but, as
Scripture marks two distinct yet associated operating powers…
Water (Noun and Verb), Watering, Waterless (G5204) 2×
it is evident that there must be an entirely new beginning. Some regard the kai, “and,” in John 3:5, as epexegetic, =
‘even,’ in which case the water would be emblematic of the Spirit, as in…
On the Particle kai ( ) (G2206) 20×
P
kai ( , (2532)). (a) The particle kai, “and,” chie y used for connecting words, clauses and sentences (the
copulative or connective use), not infrequently signi es “also.” This…
Republic (English) 29 hits in 1 article
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: John 26 hits in 1 article
The Pillar New Testament Commentary: Colossians and Philemon 16 hits in 3 articles
1. The Evidence of the Gospel’s Power Among the Colossians (Thanksgiving… (Col 1:5) 5×
the message, that is, of the gospel” (cf. esp. Eph. 1:13; cf. also 2 Cor. 6:7; 2 Tim. 2:15).² In the Old Testament, “truth”
often involves the ideas of reliability and authenticity, and this…
2. The Heart of the Gospel: The Supremacy of Christ in Creation… (Col 1:17) 3×
intermediary strophe between the two larger strophes in the “hymn.” All three lines begin with kai, “and” (left
untranslated by the TNIV in the rst line), and the rst and third also use the…
C. The Mystery of Christ in Paul’s Ministry and Christian Experience… (Col 1:24) 8×
of believers (as is usually the case in the New Testament) but to the “universal church.” By referring to the church as
Christ’s body, Paul highlights the corporate solidarity that…
Word Pictures in the New Testament 11 hits in 4 articles
James 1:27 (Jas 1:27) 4×
James 1:27 Pure religion and unde led (
examples in papyri and inscriptions of
[thr skeia kathara kai amiantos]). Numerous
[thr skeia] for ritual and…
Revelation 4:11 (Re 4:11) 3×
[ho kurios kai ho theos h
n]). The nominative form here used as vocative as in John 20:28 and often.
To receive (
[labein]). Epexegetic second aorist active in nitive…
1–15). The infinitive
[krith nai] is the rst aorist passive of
Exported from Logos Bible Software 4, 9:14 AM March 01, 2012.
[krin ], epexegetic use with the preceding
1
clause, as is true also of
2
[dounai] (second aorist active…
Satan here. Speaking great things and blasphemies (
Present active participle of
[lale ], agreeing with
[laloun megala kai blasph mias]).
[stoma…
The IVP New Testament Commentary Series: 2 Corinthians 8 hits in 2 articles
The Christian Hope Beyond the Grave (5:1–5) (2 Co 5:1) 5×
is pictured as clothing itself with an imperishable topcoat (compare 1 Cor 15:53–54). Verse 3* is notoriously di cult. It is
usual to treat this verse as a parenthetical remark explaining…
The Results of Generous Giving (9:6–15) (2 Co 9:6) 3×
profession”;
,
,
,
,
), adjectival (“your professed obedience”;
namely, your Christian profession”; as in Furnish 1984:445; Martin 1986…
) or even epexegetic (“your obedience,
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: Philippians 6 hits in 3 articles
3. Christ’s Exaltation (2:9–11) (Php 2:9–11) 2×
what is the nature of Christ’s exaltation. It is not far-fetched to view the second kai of verse 9 as epexegetic; certainly
Christ’s exaltation is here de ned as receiving “the name which is…
2. Spiritual Wealth (3:9–11) (Php 3:9–11) 2×
considerable detail. It is perhaps not too far-fetched to view the initial
clause in verse 8: Paul is about to explain what it means to gain…
(kai, and) of verse 9 as epexegetic of the last
2. Spiritual Wealth (3:9–11) (Php 3:9–11) 2×
fellowship of his su erings (cf. NASB, similarly NIV). But the rst kai can plausibly be understood as epexegetic: to know
Christ means to experience his resurrection and to share in his…
A Handbook on The Revelation to John 6 hits in 1 article
Introduction (p 5) 6×
another item in a list, but explains or de nes the item that precedes it (“epexegetic,” or explanatory use of kai). For
example, in 1:19 “So then, write what you see and what is and what will…
The IVP New Testament Commentary Series: John 6 hits in 2 articles
Jesus Clearly Reveals Both His True Identity and His Opponents… (Jn 8:31–59) 2×
verse 44 means, “you are of your father, the devil; that is, you will to do his desires” (epexegetic kai). The crucial point is
that in seeking to kill Jesus the opponents show that their wills…
Jesus Contrasts His Disciples’ Relation to God with the World’s… (Jn 14:22–31) 4×
as two separate activities but instead as two ways of speaking of the same thing (the kai would be epexegetic; cf.
Schnackenburg 1982:83), so verse 26 is perhaps better translated as “that one…
Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 6 hits in 2 articles
I. The Textual Problems 4×
thus “their breaches” is more readily understood. The “even” of the third clause is epexegetic; “his” is easily paralleled
JETS 20/2 (June 1977) 115 with “of David.” To strengthen…
II. The Theological Problems 2×
by my name.” Some suggest that the phrase in Acts 15:17, “and all the Gentiles,” is epexegetic. If so, this would equate
the “remnant of men” with the Gentiles. Believing Jews would…
2
3
Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society Volume 20 6 hits in 1 article
James’ Use Of Amos At The Jerusalem Council: Steps Toward A… (V 20, N 2, p 114) 6×
death; thus “their breaches” is more readily understood. The “even” of the third clause is epexegetic; “his” is easily
paralleled JETS 20:2 (June 1977) p. 115 with “of David.” To strengthen this…
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: Romans 5 hits in 2 articles
Exegesis and Exposition (Ro 16:25–27) 2×
³ The gospel proclaimed by Paul centers on Jesus Christ. The
(kai) connecting the two clauses, therefore, is
epexegetic (so Wilckens 1982: 149; Dunn 1988b: 914), and the phrase as a whole…
Index of Authors (p 879) 3×
n. 14, 519, 600, 747 n. 5 Harder, G. 660 n. 18 Harris, M. J. 244, 260, 274, 486, 486 n. 15, 487, 487 n. 16, 487 n. 18, 488, 489,
489 n. 21 Harrisville, R. A., III 183 n. 7…
A Handbook on The Gospel of Luke 4 hits in 1 article
Chapter 3 (Lk 3:19–20) 4×
more than once. elegch (‡) ‘to reprove’, ‘to show somebody his fault’. peri H
Herodias … and concerning everything’. The idea of the clause appears…
diados … kai peri pant n ‘concerning
Flesh And Spirit In 1 Cor 5:5: An Exercise In Rhetorical Criticism… (V 36, N 3, p 332) 4×
is, the consensus view is that it will eventuate in the salvation of the sinner’s spirit. JETS 36:3 (September 1993) p. 333
One curious feature of the Greek text of 5:5 is the absence of…
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: 1 Corinthians 2 hits in 1 article
Exegesis and Exposition (1 Co 7:32–34) 2×
a “virgin.” The Greek noun phrase
woman, the unmarried and the virgin”) raises the question of…
(
gyn h agamos kai h parthenos, literally, “the
The New American Commentary: 1, 2, 3 John 2 hits in 1 article
(2) Resist Sin (1:8–2:2) (1 Jn 1:8–10) 2×
and t for fellowship with him. In the context, God’s faithfulness and righteousness (pistos kai dikaios) must relate to
“the truth” (vv. 6, 8) and “his word” (v. 10). Furthermore, Marshall…
The New Bible Dictionary, Third Edition 2 hits in 1 article
Freedmen, Synagogue of The (p 386) 2×
subsequently released. Possibly only one synagogue is referred to here (then kai Kyr nai n … Asias is epexegetic of
Libertin n), which was attended by Jewish freedmen or their descendants…
Review and Expositor Volume 69 2 hits in 1 article
Exegesis of Galatians 3 and 4 (V 69, N 4, p 474) 2×
is possible, the more natural meaning of enduring su ering is more likely.² The ei ge²¹ kai eike (if it is indeed in vain) of
4b was a softening²² but more importantly it had the…
3
4
Basic Search for epexegetical kai
The NET Bible 100 hits in 10 articles
Chapter 24 (Lk 24:13) 14×
the Road to Emmaus :¹³ Now that very day two of them³ were on their way to a village called Emmaus, about seven
miles³ from Jerusalem.³ :¹ They were talking to each other…
Chapter 2 (Php 2:2) 4×
in the Spirit,¹ any a ection or mercy,² ²:² complete my joy and be of the same mind,³ by having the same love, being
united in spirit, and having one purpose. ²:³ Instead of being…
Chapter 2 (1 Jn 2:3) 4×
God’s Commandments ²:³ Now by this we know that we have come to know God: if we keep his commandments. ²:
The one who says “I have come to know God” and yet does not keep his…
Chapter 3 (1 Jn 3:1) 5×
See what sort of love the Father has given to us: that¹ we should be called God’s children – and indeed² we are!³ For this
reason the world does not know us: because it did not know…
Chapter 3 (1 Jn 3:16) 14×
that no murderer has eternal life residing in him. ³:¹ We have come to know love by this: that Jesus laid down his
life for us; thus we ought to lay down our lives for our…
Chapter 4 (1 Jn 4:2) 2×
into the world. :² By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses Jesus as the Christ who has come in
the esh is from God, :³ but every spirit that does not…
Chapter 5 (1 Jn 4:7) 13×
love is from God, and everyone who loves¹ has been fathered¹ by God and knows God.
love does not know God, because God is love.²
By this²¹ the…
Chapter 5 (1 Jn 5:7) 7×
testify,
the Spirit and the water and the blood, and these three are in agreement.
men, the testimony of God is greater, because²¹ this²² is the…
The person who does not
If we accept the testimony of
Chapter 5 (1 Jn 5:13) 2×
things³² to you who believe³³ in the name of the Son of God so that³ you may know that you have eternal life. :¹ And
this is the con dence that we have before him: that whenever…
Chapter 9 (Re 8:1) 35×
Seventh Seal :¹ Now¹ when the Lamb² opened the seventh seal there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. :²
Then³ I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and seven trumpets…
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: Revelation 56 hits in 21 articles
c. Strengths (2:2–3) (Re 2:2–3) 3×
the letters. Here
is further de ned by two epexegetical
ton kopon kai t n hypomon n sou, namely, your toil and…
appositives,
b. Strengths (2:19) (Re 2:19) 2×
each is to be taken separately (there is no linguistic hint of two pairs, as
the four). As often in the NT (though Paul often reverses the…
(kai
[kai t n, and the] occurs before each of
e. Challenge to Overcome and Call to Listen (2:26–29) (Re 2:26–29) 2×
gifts to “the overcomer.”¹ Yet here the meaning is further clari ed by the added note “and keeps my works to the
end.” This establishes an ABA pattern in 2:25–26: hold rm until I come…
1
c. The Problem and Its Solution (3:17–18) (Re 3:17–18) 2×
but to be “naked” in the eyes of God. The two verbs,
and not revealed) would indicate this. They were clothed in the nest…
5
(peribal kai m phaner th , clothed
ii. Fifth Seal—Martyred Saints (6:9–11) (Re 6:9–11) 3×
kai hoi syndouloi aut n kai hoi adelphoi aut n, both their fellow slaves and their brothers). It is unlikely that these are two
separate groups,² and the second
is probably epexegetical…
iv. Rejection and Refusal to Repent (9:20–21) (Re 9:20–21) 2×
Ps. 115:4; Isa. 2:8; 17:8; Jer. 1:16; Mic. 5:13). Scripture often calls idolatry demon worship. Deuteronomy 32:16–17 talks
about Israel’s unfaithfulness: “They made him jealous with their…
iii. Hymn of Twenty-Four Elders (11:16–18) (Re 11:16–18) 2×
Here
borrows the verb of the previous clause, and the
(kai, and) that introduces it is probably epexegetical,
thus yielding the translation, “and your wrath has come, namely the…
(2) Heavenly Hymn Celebrating Victory (12:10–12) (Re 12:10–12) 2×
temporary (cf. 13:7), while their victory over him is final and eternal. The connecting
second part of the
clause in 12:10b. In other words, the…
(2) Heavenly Hymn Celebrating Victory (12:10–12) (Re 12:10–12) 2×
who “dwell” in it are named. These are not separate entities, and the
namely those who dwell in it.” While some think these are angelic…
(kai, and) seems to make this a
(kai, and) is probably epexegetical, “heaven,
(b) God’s Control Over the Beast’s Activities (13:5–8) (Re 13:5–6) 2×
until the time of wrath is completed” (Dan. 11:36). Here these
are further de ned as
blasphemies), which means literally to “abuse” or slander the name…
(blasph mias,
iii. Third Angel Pronouncing Judgment on Those Who Follow the… (Re 14:9–11) 2×
is the apodosis: if anyone worships the beast instead of the Creator (14:7b), “then” ( , kai) he or she will face “the
wrath of God.” The switch from the present tenses of 14:9 to the…
ii. Song of Victorious Saints (15:2–4) (Re 15:2–4) 2×
kai t n
n tou arniou, lit., “and the song of the Lamb”) is somewhat di cult, for there is no hint that there are two
songs here. Therefore, the
is most likely epexegetical…
(1) Preparatory Events (15:5–6) (Re 15:5–6) 2×
introductory
(Kai meta tauta eidon, And after this I saw) occurs in 7:1; 15:5; and 18:1, and with the
added “and behold” also occurs in 4:1 and 7:9. It can introduce…
b. Description of the Great Prostitute (17:3–6a) (Re 17:3–6) 2×
(bdelygmat n kai ta akatharta t s porneias aut s, abominations, namely,¹¹ the
impurities of her immorality). All her wealth is an…
b. Description of the Great Prostitute (17:3–6a) (Re 17:3–6) 3×
described as
(
mother of prostitutes and of the earth’s¹² abominations). In the…
m
r t n porn n kai t n bdelygmat n t s g s,
ii. Lament of Merchants (18:11–17a) (Re 18:11–17) 2×
ornate carriages, often covered with silver or ivory. The “bodies and human souls” (epexegetical
certainly refers to slaves. The addition of “human souls” could be…
, kai, that is, souls)
c. Refrain: The Voice from the Throne Calls Saints to Praise… (Re 19:5) 2×
6), referring to God’s ownership over his people. Then they are also called “you who fear him,”³ as in 11:18. It is clear that
“fearing God” is a major element of the command to holiness and…
b. Actions of the Rider on the White Horse (19:14–16) (Re 19:14–16) 4×
thymou t s org s tou theou tou pantokratoros, trample the winepress, namely, the furious wrath of God Almighty). This
2
6
combines two passages: 14:19–20, where the nations are “thrown into the…
2. Thousand-Year Reign of the Saints (20:4–6) (Re 20:4–6) 2×
and the “souls” of the martyrs ow from the same “I saw,” so the
thrones and those sitting on them … namely, the souls.” In this…
(kai, and) could be seen as epexegetical, “And I saw
565, 567 n. 10, 569, 570, 572, 575, 578, 580, 582, 583, 585, 588, 590, 592, 593, 596, 599 n. 21, 600, 609, 610, 612, 614 n. 15,
616, 617, 620, 621 n. 20, 622 n. 21, 623, 624 n. 24…
116, 118, 127 n. 1, 129 n. 2, 133 n. 7, 134, 137, 139 n. 1, 141 n. 4, 142, 143 n. 7, 143 n. 8, 145, 152 n. 1, 154, 159, 164, 168, 172
n. 1, 174 n. 5, 175, 177 n. 10, 179…
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: John 33 hits in 1 article
205, 206, 206n40, 207n41, 207n43, 208, 208n50, 209, 209n54, 211, 211n59, 211n60, 211n61, 212n64, 214, 215, 216n76,
216n77, 219, 219n94, 220, 220n95, 220n96…
Vine's Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words 19 hits in 2 articles
Please, Pleasing (Noun), Well–pleasing, Pleasure (G700) 2×
Rom. 8:8; 15:2; 1Cor. 7:32-34; Gal. 1:10; 1 Thess. 2:15; 4:1 (where the preceding kai, “and,” is epexegetical, ‘even,’
explaining the ‘walking,’ i.e., Christian manner of life, as ‘pleasing…
On the Particle kai ( ) (G2206) 17×
P
kai ( , (2532)). (a) The particle kai, “and,” chie y used for connecting words, clauses and sentences (the
copulative or connective use), not infrequently signi es “also.” This…
Word Pictures in the New Testament 15 hits in 6 articles
I Thessalonians 1:5 (1 Th 1:5) 3×
humin] (Robertson, Grammar, p. 594). Not only—but also (
—
,
negatively and positively. The contrast between
[logos] (word) and…
[ouk—monon, alla kai]). Sharp contrast,
Ephesians 4:21 (Eph 4:21) 3×
class with aorist indicatives here, assumed to be true (
truth is in Jesus (
[kath s estin…
[ kousate kai edidachth te]). Even as
ages. And that they should slay one another (
explanatory purpose clause with
[hina] and the future active of
[kai hina all lous sphaxousin]). Epexegetical
…
Revelation 12:2 And she was with child (
[kai en gastri echousa]). Perhaps
supplied or the participle used as a nite verb as in 10:2. This is the…
[estin] to be
[poi sai polemon meta t n hagi n kai nik sai autous]). This clause with two
epexegetical rst aorist active in nitives (
[polem sai] and
…
of
[pemp ]. “Thrust in thy sickle now,” this angel urges Christ. And reap (
(urgency) active imperative of
[theriz ], old verb (from
…
[kai therison]). First aorist
3
7
Faith and Mission Volume 19 11 hits in 1 article
The Identity of the
(Israel of God) in Galatians… (V 19, N 1, p 12) 11×
and grace, even upon the Israel of God,” taking the conjunction
to be explicative and epexegetical of “those who will
walk by this rule”? In this case, the two groups would be identical. Is…
Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 8 hits in 2 articles
Colossians 1:15-20: Pre-Pauline Or Pauline? — Larry R. Helyer… 6×
kai eis auton hoti en aut . . . di autou . . . eis auton Additionally the presence of two kai autos estin clauses in
juxtaposition lends support for a Mittelstrophe as follows: kai autos…
II. All Christians Share In A Common Peace Both With Their Fellow… 2×
was destroyed. The “and” that introduces the phrase “has destroyed the barrier” is epexegetical, giving it the meaning
“in that.” Thus the new man was made by destroying the barrier…
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: 1 Corinthians 6 hits in 3 articles
Exegesis and Exposition (1 Co 2:3–5) 2×
of the Spirit and power” (
, en apodeixei pneumatos kai dyname s).
technical term in rhetoric for “proof” from a verbal demonstration…
Exegesis and Exposition (1 Co 8:12) 2×
it sin against Christ (cf. Matt. 25:45).¹ The
(kai, and) before the participle
epexegetical (BDF §442.9), “by wounding his conscience.” The word…
is a
(typtontes, wounding) is
265, 276, 281, 283, 287, 288, 289, 294 n. 23, 296, 298, 303, 319, 321 n. 7, 322, 329 n. 17, 335 n. 24, 340, 341, 342, 355, 362
n. 29, 365, 368 n. 11, 373, 377, 379, 381, 382, 389…
Colossians 1:15-20: Pre-Pauline Or Pauline? (V 26, N 2, p 169) 6×
autou kai eis auton hoti en aut . .. di autou. .. eis auton Additionally the presence of two kai autos estin clauses in
juxtaposition lends support for a Mittelstrophe as follows: kai autos…
Master’s Seminary Journal Volume 7 6 hits in 1 article
The Only Sure Word (V 7, N 1, p 60) 6×
The translation choice revolves around the use of
(kai, “even” or “and”) and of
Kai: Epexegetical or Simple Conjunction? By adding the word “so,” the NASB…
(bebaioteron, “sure”).
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: Philippians 5 hits in 1 article
140, 165, 180n14 Hengel, W. S. van 29n36, 34 Heriban, J. 21, 88, 91, 96n5, 97n6, 97n8, 101n15, 101n17, 104nn23-24,
105n26, 111n32, 112, 114n37, 116n39 Ho us, O…
Master’s Seminary Journal 5 hits in 1 article
Kai: Epexegetical or Simple Conjunction? 5×
Kai: Epexegetical or Simple Conjunction? By adding the word “so,” the NASB has supported the idea that v. 19 gives a
4
8
result of the previous verses. In that case, written revelation receives its…
The New American Commentary: 1, 2 Timothy, Titus 4 hits in 1 article
2. The Theological Basis for Christian Behavior (2:11–15) (Tt 2:13) 4×
NIV correctly interprets the “and” (kai) in this phrase, “the blessed hope and appearing” ( n makarian elpida kai
epiphaneian), as an epexegetical kai, thus de ning “the blessed hope” as…
The Pillar New Testament Commentary: Colossians and Philemon 4 hits in 1 article
C. The Mystery of Christ in Paul’s Ministry and Christian Experience… (Col 1:25) 4×
The second clause is best taken as a de nition of the commission that Paul has been given. The verb pl ro that Paul
uses means “ ll.” God’s word is not “ lled” when it is preached…
The Davidic Promise And The Inclusion Of The Gentiles (Amos… (V 20, N 2, p 103) 3×
the kingdom of God.¹ Moreover, Edom’s representative role¹ is further stressed by the epexegetical note in v 12, ” and/
even all the nations/Gentiles who are called by my name.” Again, the…
Journal of the Grace Evangelical Society Volume 9 3 hits in 1 article
Does Philippians 1:6 Guarantee Progressive Sancti cation? Part… (V 9, N 2, p 44) 3×
your participation [t koin nia] in the gospel” 8:4 “the favor of participation [t n carin kai t n koin nian] in the support of
the saints” 9:13 “your generosity in sharing [t s koin nias…
Westminster Theological Journal Volume 59 3 hits in 1 article
Euangelion in Mark: Willi Marxsen Revisited (V 59, N 1, p 32) 3×
instances of e’n are interpreted accordingly. (i) 8:35 and 10:29. In each case the kai is epexegetical (128): tou euangeliou
expounds emou. To lose one’s life for the gospel is to lose one’s…
Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains: Greek (New Testament) 2 hits in 1 article
5026
(DBLG 5026, #2) 2×
LN 12.43–12.50 supernatural power (Lk 10:18–20+), note: if the
(kai), (12th word in sentence) is taken as
epexegetical (as well as the context as a whole), then this would be a demonic…
Fundamentals 2 hits in 1 article
Cincinnati, Ohio (V 3, p 135) 2×
any one] be born of water kai spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.” The lexicographers tell us that the
conjunction k a i (Greek) may have an epexegetical meaning and may be (as it…
A Handbook on the Book of Amos 2 hits in 1 article
Chapter 2 (Am 2:7) 2×
even long to own the small quantity of earth people throw on their heads as a sign of mourning;* (b) as a picture of the
way poor people are pushed down: the rich are only satis ed when they…
5
9
Addressing The Issue Of Racial Reconciliation According To… (V 38, N 4, p 570) 2×
was destroyed. The “and” that introduces the phrase “has destroyed the barrier” is epexegetical, giving it the meaning
“in that.” Thus the new man was made by destroying the barrier. ²…
"What Is Truth?" Pilate’s Question In Its Johannine And Larger… (V 48, N 1, p 43) 2×
between 1:14–17 and Exodus 33–34, it is highly likely that the phrase "grace and truth" (charis kai aletheia) in John's
prologue harks back to the phrase "steadfast love and faithfulness" (hesed…
The Pillar New Testament Commentary: The Letters of John 2 hits in 1 article
2:28–3:10 Distinguishing the Children of God from the Children… (1 Jn 3:1) 2×
the love of God the author has in mind here is: that we should be called the children of God.
us his children. The author includes himself with his readers among…
In his love, God has called
Westminster Theological Journal 2 hits in 1 article
I. Marxsen’s Reading of Mark 2×
of e’n are interpreted accordingly. (i) 8:35 and 10:29 . In each case the kai is epexegetical (128): tou euangeliou expounds
emou. To lose one’s life for the gospel is to lose…
6
10
I Corinthians 1:30
Of him (
[ex autou]). Out of God. He chose you. In Christ Jesus (
[en Christ i I sou]). In the sphere of Christ Jesus the choice was
made. This is God’s wisdom. Who was made unto us wisdom from God (
[hos egen th sophia h min apo theou]). Note
[egen th ], became ( rst aorist passive and indicative), not [ n], was,
the Incarnation, Cross, and Resurrection. Christ is the wisdom of God (Col.
2:2f.) “both righteousness and sancti cation and redemption” (
[dikaiosun te kai hagiasmos kai apolutr sis]), as is
made plain by the use of
[te-kai-kai]. The three words (
,
[dikaiosun , hagiasmos, apolutr sis]) are thus shown to be
an epexegesis of
[sophia] (Lightfoot). All the treasures of wisdom and
knowledge in Christ Jesus. We are made righteous, holy, and redeemed in
Christ Jesus. Redemption comes here last for emphasis though the foundation
of the other two. In Rom. 1:17 we see clearly Paul’s idea of the God kind of righteousness (
[dikaiosun ]) in Christ. In Rom. 3:24 we have Paul’s conception of redemption (
[apolutr sis], se ing free as a ransomed
slave) in Christ. In Rom. 6:19 we have Paul’s notion of holiness or sancti cation
(
[hagiasmos]) in Christ. These great theological terms will call for full
discussion in Romans, but they must not be overlooked here. See also Acts
10:35; 24:25; I Thess. 4:3–7; I Cor. 1:2.
Robertson, A. (1997). Word Pictures in the New Testament. Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems.
1
11
1. PARATACTIC2 CONJUNCTIONS (
).
(a) Copulative. Conjunctions which connect words and clauses are evidently
later in development than the words and clauses. The use of conjunctions came
to be very common in the Greek so that the absence was noticeable and was
called asyndeton.1 But it is a mistake to suppose that these connectives are necessary. One may fail to use them as a result of rapidity of thought as the words
rush forth, or they may be consciously avoided for rhetorical e ect. Cf.
,
,
in Ph. 3:2, with Tennyson’s “Break, break, break.” All this is
entirely within the province of the speaker. Cf. 1 Cor. 3:12,
,
,
,
,
,
. Cf. also 1 Cor. 13:4–7 where the verbs follow one another in solemn emphasis with no connective save one . In the
same way contrast may be expressed without conjunctions as in 1 Cor. 15:43 f.2 In
Luke and John there is a pleasing alternation of asyndeton and conjunctions.
Cf. Gal. 5:22. The rst conjunctions were the paratactic or co-ordinating, since
language was originally in principal sentences.3 The copulative (connecting)
conjunctions are the simplest and earliest type of the paratactic structure. They
simply present the words or clauses as on a par with each other.4 The primitive
conjunctions were monosyllabic like , , .5
2 “Co-ordinating” is from co-ordino, to range together.
1 Brug., Griech. Gr., p. 551.
2 Cf. W.-Th., p. 538.
3 Brug., ib., p. 552.
4 Cf. C. Pitman, Conjunctions., p. 5 f.; Blass, Gr. of N. T. Gk., p. 261.
5 W.-Th., p. 434.
Robertson, A. T. (1919). A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research .
Logos Bible So ware.
1
12
(ii)
. The etymology of this conjunction is disputed. Curtius3 makes it the
locative case of the pronominal stem –, –, so that it would ultimately come
from the same root as (que). It would thus mean ‘in this respect,’ ‘this besides.’
Brugmann1 nds its original sense in
, Latin co-, cum, Gothic ga. The idea
would then be ‘together with,’ ‘in addition to.’ The Arkadian, South Achæan
and Cypriote dialects use
and
. Whatever the origin, it all comes to
the same thing in the end. It is by far the most frequent of all the conjunctions
or other particles in the N. T. It is so common in fact that Moulton and Geden do
not list it in their concordance. This in itself is in accord with the later Greek
idiom, as Thumb2 notes in Aristotle and in the modern Greek and Moulton3 in
the papyri. Moulton cites Par. P. 18,
, as parallel to Mk. 15:25; Jo. 4:35. But there can be li le doubt that the
extreme fondness for parataxis in John’s Gospel, for instance, is partially due to
the use of
in the LXX for the Hebrew which “means a hook and resembles
a hook in shape.”4 It was certainly used to “hook” together all sorts of sentences.
There is not the same unity in the older Greek in the ma ers united as is true of
.
“connects in a free and easy manner”5 and the Hebrew
still more
loosely. There are three main uses of
which appear in the N. T. as in all
Greek.
The Adjunctive Use (‘Also’). This is possibly the original use, though one cannot tell. It is thus like the Latin et-iam, English too (to)=addition to something
already mentioned, and is common enough in all stages of the language.6 A
good example of this use of
is seen in Mt. 8:9,
3 Gk. Etymology.
1 Griech. Gr., p. 542.
2 Hellen., p. 129.
3 Prol., p. 12.
4 Farrar, Gk. Synt., p. 196.
5 Jann., Gk. Gr., p. 401.
6 Cf. M. W. Humphreys, The Cl. Rev., 1897, vol. XI, pp. 140
.
2
13
. The
here points to Christ’s relation to the boy. The centurion,
like a true soldier, does not say that he is a man who gives orders, but rather one
who obeys them. He has the true military spirit and knows therefore how Jesus
can cure the boy without going to see him. The
is here very signi cant. Cf.
in Mt. 7:12, where the Golden Rule is applied to Christ’s hearers
by
. Cf. Jo. 7:3
, (12:10)
. This use of
is more frequent in Luke than elsewhere in the N. T.7 Cf.
(Lu. 20:3);
(Lu. 12:41);
(12:54, 57);
(1 Cor. 15:29);
(Mt. 8:9);
(Gal.
6:1);
(2 Cor. 11:15);
(Mt. 10:18);
(Ac. 11:17);
(Ro. 15:7);
(Ro. 6:11);
(Ac. 24:6, 8);
(Jo. 6:11);
(1 Cor.
11:25);
(1 Th. 3:12);
(Lu. 1:35);
(Lu. 11:49);
(24:22), etc. So then
in the sense of ‘also’ occurs with nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adverbs, conjunctions. It may refer to a word or a clause. Cf.
, B. G. U. 530 (i/A.D.). For the use of
see the Article, and for
see
Prepositions.1 It is common for
to sum up a sentence that precedes. For the
relative and articular participle see the
in the sentences in Mt. 5:39–43. Here
balances the principal and the subordinate clauses. So in the apodosis of a
conditional sentence we nd
as in Jo. 14:7. Cf. Heb. 7:26, where
almost
means ‘precisely,’ and Mt. 6:10, where it means ‘just so.’ Cf. Ro. 11:16. So with
we nd it in the apodosis (Jo. 5:19). Cf. also a er
in 5:26. Sometimes the
seems to be redundant as in Lu. 11:1,
, or
in 1 Cor. 7:7. We may
indeed have
(‘also’) in both parts of the comparison, a studied balancing of
the two members of the sentence as in Mt. 18:33,
—
. So Ro. 1:13,
. See
—
(Ph. 4:12).
The Ascensive Use (‘Even’). The notion of ‘even’ is an advance on that of mere
addition which is due to the context, not to
. The thing that is added is out of
the ordinary and rises to a climax like the crescendo in music. Cf. Latin adeo. Cf.
,
(Ac. 21:13; Ro. 13:5). This use of
depends wholly on the
context. Cf. Mk. 1:27,
. (So Lu. 10:17).
7 Abbo
, Joh. Gr., p. 140.
1 Cf. Deiss., B. S.; Hatch, Jour. of Bib. Lit., 1908, p. 142.
3
14
Cf. also
and
, Mt. 5:46 f. See further Ac. 10:45; 11:1,
20; Gal. 2:13. The use of
belongs here. (Cf. 1 Cor. 8:5.)
The Mere Connective (‘And’). The di erence between
as ‘and’ and
as
‘also’ is very slight, whichever was the original idea. The epexegetic or explicative use of
occupies a middle ground between ‘also’ and ‘and.’ Blass2 treats it
under ‘also.’ Cf. Lu. 3:18,
, where the “connective”
force of
is certainly very slight. So also Jo. 20:30,
. See
further Jo. 1:16,
, where the clause is an explanatory addition. Cf. (Ac. 22:25)
, (1 Cor. 2:2)
, (Ro.
13:11)
(Latin idque) which is our ‘and that too’ where we combine ‘and’
and ‘also’ (‘too’) in the
, (Heb. 11:12)
(frequent in ancient Greek). See
in particular Eph. 2:8,
, where
refers to the whole
conception, not to
. The simple copulative idea is, however, the most
common use of
where words are piled together by means of this conjunction. Sometimes the connection is as close as with . Thus
(2
Cor. 1:3);
(Lu. 8:15). But the words may be very loosely joined in
idea, as
(Mt. 16:1).
may be used to connect all
sorts of words, clauses and sentences. Thus
,
(Mt. 8:9).
The use of
er the imperative is seen in Mt. 11:29. The chain with
as the
connective may go on inde nitely. Cf. the four examples in Ph. 4:9; ve in Ro.
9:4; the six in Rev. 7:12 (so 5:12). So we have
three times in 1 Cor. 15:4 ( to
connect
clauses). In Rev. 12–16 every paragraph and most of the sentences
begin with
. In fact it is true of much of the Apocalypse. If one turns to First
Maccabees, it is true even to a much greater extent than in the Apocalypse. In
First Maccabees
translates the Hebrew . But Thumb1 has found this repeti-
tion of
in Aristotle so that the Hebrew in uence simply intensi ed a Greek
idiom. We have noted the use of
with ( —
Cf. Ro. 1:20). The use of
—
is far more common in the sense of ‘both—and’ as in Ac. 2:29,
2 Gr. of N. T. Gk., p. 263.
1 Hellen., § 129.
4
15
. Cf. Mk. 4:41; Ph. 2:13; Ac. 26:29. Sometimes the connection almost amounts to ‘not only, but also.’ In Col. 2:16 note
. Cf.
—
(Lu. 12:38). A. Brinkmann contends that in the papyri and late Greek
is
sometimes ‘at any rate’ and is never a mere link (Scriptio continua und Anderes,
Rhein. Mus. LXVII, 4, 1912). In Lu. 5:36 we have — —
(so Jo. 6:36), and
in Jo. 17:25
— — . It is usual to have
er an a rmative clause as
in Jo. 10:35. Cf.
in 2 Cor. 9:5. See Negative Particles. In Lu. 12:6
follows a question with
.
connects two negative sentences in Lu. 6:37. For
—
see Jo. 4:11. Sometimes
begins a sentence when the connection is
with an unexpressed idea. Children use “and” thus o en in telling stories and
asking questions. Cf.
in Mt. 26:69 (and 73) like Et tu, Brute. See also
Mk. 10:26,
. So also Lu. 10:29; Jo. 9:36; 2 Cor. 2:2. Cf. also
the use of
in parenthesis as in Ro. 1:13,
. The
context gives other turns to
that are sometimes rather startling. It is common to nd
where it has to bear the content ‘and yet.’ So Jo. 3:19; 4:20; 6:49;
7:30; 1 Jo. 2:9. The examples are common in John’s Gospel (Abbo , Joh. Gr., pp.
135 .). See Jer. 23:21. In Mk. 4:4 note
— . In 1 Cor. 10:21 we have — in
contrast. Cf. also Mt. 3:14,
; So also Ph. 1:22,
.
This idiom occurs in Plato, and Abbo notes a number of them in the Gospel of
John. Cf. 1:5; 2:20; 3:13; 5:39 f.; 7:27 f.; 8:57, etc. In Lu. 12:24
is almost equal to
, that is, the context makes contrast. Cf. also Mt. 6:26 ( — ); Mk. 12:12;
Lu. 20:19; Jo. 18:28. Tholuck1 so takes
in Ro. 1:13 (the parenthetical
). Sometimes
seems imitative of the Hebrew by almost having the sense of
or
(‘that’) as in Mt. 26:15; Mk. 14:40; Lu. 9:51; 12:15. In particular note
(as in Lu. 5:1, 12, 17, etc.). In Mt. 16:6 observe
. So Lu. 12:15 and Mt.
26:15. In modern Greek
has so far usurped the eld that it is used not only in
all sorts of paratactic senses like ‘and,’ ‘but,’ ‘for,’ ‘or,’ ‘and so,’ but even in
hypotactic senses for
or
, declarative and even consecutive (Thumb,
Handb., p. 184). In Mk. 3:7
comes near taking the place of , for in the next
1 Beitr. zur Spracherklärung d. N. T., p. 35.
5
16
verse there are ve instances of
co-ordinate with each other, but subordinate to
in verse 7. Sometimes a er
we may supply ‘so’ as in
,
Mt. 5:15;
, Heb. 3:19. See also Ph. 4:7. This is a kind of consecutive2
use of
. Cf. Lu. 24:18. The fondness for co-ordination in the Gospels causes
the use of
where a temporal conjunction ( ) would be more usual. Cf. Mk.
15:25,
(Lu. 23:44). But Blass3 admits that this is a
classic idiom. Cf. Mt. 26:45; Lu. 19:43, where
dri s further away from the
ancient idiom. Cf. also
in the apodosis, ‘and behold,’ as in Lu. 7:12. In 2
Tim. 2:20 note
followed by
—
. In Ph. 4:16 note
thrice
(one=‘even,’ two=‘both—and’).
2 Blass, Gr. of N. T. Gk., p. 262.
3 Ib.
6
17
APPOSITIVE
appositive: A word used to clarify or add to the meaning or signi cance of
another word or clause. This is sometimes called epexegesis. (References: BDF
§260(2), 268, 271, 276(3), 412(2), 480(6); Wallace p. 48-49, 62, 70-71, 94-100; Smyth
§916, 988-990, 991-995, 1287.)
Lukaszewski, A. L. (2007). The Lexham Syntactic Greek New Testament Glossary. Logos Bible
So ware.
1
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Even (Adverb, Etc.), Even As, Even So
EVEN (Adverb, etc.), EVEN AS, EVEN SO
1.KAI (
, (2532)), a conjunction, is usually a mere connective, meaning
“and;” it frequently, however, has an ascensive or climactic use, signifying
“even,” the thing that is added being out of the ordinary, and producing a climax. The determination of this meaning depends on the context. Examples are
Ma . 5:46, 47; Mark 1:27; Luke 6:33 (R.V.); 10:17; John 12:42; Gal. 2:13, 17, where
“also” should be “even;” Eph. 5:12. Examples where the R.V. corrects the A.V.
“and” or “also,” by substituting “even,” are Luke 7:49; Acts 17:28; Heb. 11:11; in 1
John 4:3 the R.V. rightly omits “even.”
When followed by “if ” or “though,” kai en signi es “even,” e.g., Ma . 26:35;
John 8:14. So sometimes when preceded by “if,” e.g., 1 Cor. 7:11, where “but and
if” should be “but even if.”
The epexegetic or explanatory use of kai followed by a noun in apposition, and
meaning “namely,” or “even” is comparatively rare. Winer’s cautionary word
needs heeding, that “this meaning has been introduced into too many passages” (Gram. of the N.T., p. 546.). Some think it has this sense in John 3:5, “water,
even the Spirit,” and Gal. 6:16, “even the Israel of God.”
2.DE ( , (1161)), usually signifying “but,” is sometimes used for emphasis,
signifying “even,” e.g., Rom. 3:22; 9:30, “even the righteousness;” Phil. 2:8 (R.V.,
“yea”). This is to be distinguished from No. 1.
3.ETI ( , (2089)), an adverb, as yet, still, is rendered “even” in Luke 1:15.
4. S ( , (5613)), “as,” in comparative sentences, is sometimes translated
“even as,” Ma . 15:28; Mark 4:36; Eph. 5:33; 1 Pet. 3:6 (A.V. only); Jude 7.
5.HOUT S (
, (3778)), or hout , so, thus, is frequently rendered “even
so,” e.g., Ma . 7:17; 12:45; 18:14; 23:28; “so” in 1 Cor. 11:12 and 1 Thess. 2:4, R.V.
6.KATH S (
, (2531)), according as (kata, according to, and No. 4), is
frequently translated “even as,” e.g., Mark 11:6; Luke 1:2; 1 Thess. 5:11.
7. SPER (
, (5618)), No. 4, strengthened by per, is translated “even
as” in Ma . 20:28.
8.KATHAPER (
, (2509)), just as, even as, is rendered “even as” in
Vine, W., & Bruce, F. (1981). Vine's Expository dictionary of Old and New Testament words. Old
Tappan NJ: Revell.
1
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conjunction (Hom.+; inscr., pap., LXX), found most frequently by far of all
Gk. particles in the NT; since it is not only used much more commonly here
than in literary Gk., but . in a di erent sense, or rather in di erent circumstances, it contributes greatly to the distinctive coloring of the NT
style.—HKMcArthur,
Frequency in Greek Le ers, NTS 15, ’68/’69, 339-49.
I. connective and. As such it serves—1. to connect single words.
a. gener.
Mt 13:55.
2:11.
Ro 7:12.
.
Hb 1:1.
.
God, who is also the Father 1
Cor 15:24; cf. 2 Cor 1:3; 11:31; Eph 1:3; Js 1:27; 3:9 al.—Connects two occurrences of
the same word, so used for emphasis (Dit., Or. 90, 19 [196 BC]
.
; pap. in Mayser II 1, 54)
.
greater and greater Hv 4, 1, 6.
.
again and again B 21:4 (Bl-D. §493, 1; 2 app.; cf. Rob. 1200).
b. w. numerals, w. the larger number rst
Lk 13:16.
. J 2:20.
.
Ac 13:20.—The
in
by the statement of two
and (=‘or’ [ has
, as it reads Mt 18:16]; cf. Js 4:13 t.r.
=‘today or tomorrow’, but s. above all Thu. 1, 82, 2; Pla., Phaedo 63E; X., De
Re Equ. 4, 4
; Heraclides, Pol. 28
;
Polyb. 3, 51, 12
; 5, 90, 6; Diod. S. 34+35 fgm. 2, 28,
=one or two; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1091 p. 305, 22 W.
) three witnesses every charge must be sustained 2 Cor 13:1 is explained by
Dt 19:15.
c. adding the whole to the part and in general (Aristoph., Nub. 1239
; Thu. 1, 116, 3; 7, 65, 1)
Peter and the rest of
the apostles Ac 5:29.
.
the high priest and all the
rest of the council Mt 26:59. Vice versa, adding a (specially important) part to the
whole and especially (
2 Ch 35:24; cf. 32, 33; 1 Macc 2:6)
.
Mk 16:7.
.
Ac 1:14.
Arndt, W., Gingrich, F. W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (1979). A Greek-English lexicon of the New
Testament and other early Christian literature : A translation and adaption of the fourth revised and
augmented edition of Walter Bauer's Griechisch-deutsches Worterbuch zu den Schri en des Neuen
Testaments und der ubrigen urchristlichen Literatur. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1
20
can be united in the form of a hendiadys
d. The expr. connected by
(Alcaeus 117, 9f D.2
=time of fruit; Soph., Aj. 144; 749; Polyb. 6,
9, 4; 6, 57, 5
=1, 2, 7; 5, 45, 1
; Diod.
S. 5, 67, 3
=renewal of remembrance; 15, 63, 2
=compulsion of fate; 16, 93, 2
.
=a fatal plot;
Jos., Ant. 12, 98
.
=w. a joyful cry; 17, 82
.
)
they were amazed at his
intelligent answers Lk 2:47.
.
I will give you wise u erance 21:15.
.
joy concerning (your) food Ac 14:17.
.
hope of a resurrection 23:6 (2 Macc 3:29
; cf. OLagercrantz, ZNW 31, ’32, 86f; GBjörck, Con. Neot. 4, ’40, 1-4).
e. A colloquial feature is the coordination of two verbs, one of which should
be a ptc. (cf. Bl-D. §471 w. app.; Rob. 1135f)
.
=
he is so bold as to say Ro 10:20.
.
(=
) Lk 6:48.
.
(=
) J 8:59. Sim.
.
I am glad to see Col 2:5.
2. to connect clauses and sentences—a. gener.:
.
Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14).
... .
Ac 5:21.
.
Mt 3:12 and very . Connecting two questions Mt 21:23, or
quotations (e.g., Ac 1:20), and dialogue (Lk 21:8), or alternate possibilities (13:18).
b. Another common feature is the practice, drawn fr. Hebrew or fr. the
speech of everyday life, of using . as a connective where more discriminating
usage would call for other particles:
(for
)
Rv
6:12.
...
(for )
and the king learned that they
were saying Mk 6:14 (cf. HLjungvik, ZNW 33, ’34, 90-2; on this JBlinzler, Philol. 96,
’43/’44, 119-31).
(for
.)
Mt 1:21; cf. Lk 6:6; 11:44.
Mk
9:5. Esp. freq. is the formula in historical narrative
(
)...
(like . . .
) and it happened or came about. . . that Mt 9:10; Mk 2:15; Lk 5:1, 12,
17; 6:12; 14:1; 17:11 al. Cf. KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 29-62; Mlt.-
2
21
Turner 334f.—As in popular speech, . is used in rapid succession Mt 14:9 ; Mk
1:12 ; Lk 18:32 ; 1 Cor 12:5f; Rv 6:12 ; 9:1 . On this kind of colloquial speech,
which joins independent clauses rather than subordinating one to the other
(parataxis rather than hypotaxis) cf. Bl-D. §458; Rdm.2 p. 222; Rob. 426; Dssm., LO
105 (LAE 129 ), w. many references and parallels fr. secular sources. This is a
favorite, e.g., in Polyaenus 2, 3, 2-4; 2, 4, 3; 3, 9, 10; 3, 10, 2; 4, 6, 1; 7, 36 al.
c. It is also coordination rather than subordination when . connects an
expr. of time with that which occurs in the time (Od. 5, 362; Hdt. 7, 217; Thu. 1, 50,
5; Pla., Symp. 220C; Aeschin. 3, 71
. Cf. Bl-D. §442, 4;
KBrugmann4-AThumb, Griechische Gramm.’13, 640*):
.
the time has come when he is to be given up Mt 26:45. .
when they cruci ed him Mk 15:25. .
when he went up
to Jerusalem J 2:13. .
when I will make Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); cf. J 4:35; 7:33;
Lk 19:43; 23:44; Ac 5:7.
d.
introducing an apodosis is really due to Hebr. in . (Bl-D. §442, 7; Abel
§78a, 6 p. 341; Mlt.-H. 422; KBeyer, Semitische Syntax im NT I, 1 ’62, 66-72; but s. Il.
1, 478; Thu. 2, 93, 4
,
; Herm. Wr. 13, 1. . . ,
)
..., .
Lk 2:21.
Cf. Rv 3:20 v.l. For this .
in an apodosis Lk 7:12; Ac 1:10.
e. connecting negative and a rmative clauses Lk 3:14.
.
you have no bucket, and the well is deep J 4:11; cf. 3J 10 (
...
Eur., Iph. Taur. 591f; Longus, Past. 1, 17; 4, 28; Aelian, N. An. 1, 57; 11, 9; Lucian,
Dial. Meretr. 2, 4
,
,
). A er a negative clause, which in uences the clause
beginning w.
:
... .
Mt
7:6; cf. 5:25; 10:38; 13:15 (Is 6:10); 27:64; Lk 12:58; 21:34; J 6:53; 12:40 (Is 6:10); Ac 28:27
(Is 6:10); 1 Th 3:5; Hb 12:15; Rv 16:15.
f. to introduce a result, which comes fr. what precedes: and then, and so Mt
5:15; 23:32; 2 Cor 11:9; Hb 3:19; 1J 3:19.
and so we have 2 Pt 1:19. Esp. er
the imper., or expr. of an imperatival nature (Soph., Oed. Col. 1410
...
3
22
and then I will
...
, El. 1207; Sir 2:6; 3:17)
make Mt 4:19.
, .
speak the word, and then my servant will be cured Mt 8:8; Lk 7:7; cf. Mt 7:7; Mk 6:22; Lk 10:28; J 14:16; Js 4:7, 10; Rv
4:1.—
introduces a short clause that con rms the existence of someth. that
ought to be:
,
that we should be called children of God; and so we really are (
1a ) I J 3:1 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §161
they were to conquer Sardinia,
=and they really took it; 4, 127 §531
one day would decide [
] the fate of Rome,
).
g. emphasizing a fact as surprising or unexpected or noteworthy: and yet,
and in spite of that, nevertheless (Eur., Herc. Fur. 509; Philostrat., Her. 11 [II 184, 29
Kayser]
; Longus, Past. 4, 17
) .
; and yet you come to me? Mt 3:14; cf.
6:26; 10:29; Mk 12:12; J 1:5, 10; 3:11, 32; 5:40; 6:70; 7:28; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:9; Hb 3:9 (Ps
94:9); Rv 3:1. So also, connecting what is unexpected or otherw. noteworthy with
an a empt of some kind: but
.
but he does not nd Mt 12:43.
.
but did not see (it) 13:17; cf. 26:60; Lk 13:7; 1 Th 2:18.
Perhaps Mk 5:20. Introducing a contrasting response
Hv 2, 1,
3.
h. to introduce an abrupt question, which may o en express wonder, illwill, incredulity, etc. (Bl-D. §442, 8. For class. exx. of this usage s. Kühner-G. II p.
247f; for later times ECColwell, The Gk. of the Fourth Gospel ’31, 87f): .
; how have I deserved this? Lk 1:43. . ; who then? Mk 10:26; Lk 10:29; J
9:36.
. . . ; how does it happen that. . . ? 14:22. W. a protasis
, .
; for if I make you sad, who then will cheer
me up? 2 Cor 2:2 (cf. Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 43; 44 [
]
,
;). Thus Phil 1:22 is prob. to be punctuated as follows (cf. ADebrunner,
GGA ’26, 151):
,
,
;
then which shall I choose?
; how, then, is he
his son? Lk 20:44 (cf. Gen 39:9).
i. to introduce a parenthesis (Eur., Orest. 4, Hel. 393; X., Equ. 11, 2.—Bl-D.
4
23
§465, 1; Rob. 1182) .
but so far I have been prevented Ro
1:13.
3. . explicative; i.e., a word or clause is connected by means of
w.
another word or clause, for the purpose of explaining what goes before it and so,
that is, namely (PPetr. II 18 [1], 9
...
=blows. . . indeed many of
them.—Kühner-G. II p. 247; Bl-D. §442, 9; Rob. 1181; Mlt.-Turner 335)
.
grace, that is, the o ce of an apostle Ro 1:5.
.
they told everything, namely what had happened to the demoniacs
Mt 8:33.
that is, grace upon grace J 1:16. Cf. 1 Cor 3:5;
15:38.—Mt 21:5.—Other explicative uses are
,
,
(the
rst and last are class.; cf. Kühner-G. I p. 647; II p. 247) and, also ascensive and
indeed, and at that . .,
, J. Chr., (and) indeed him on
the cross 1 Cor 2:2.
Ro l3:11; 1 Cor 6:6, 8; Eph 2:8.
w. ptc. and to
be sure Hb 11:12. Cf. Bl-D. §290, 5; 425, 1; 442, 9.—The ascensive force of
is also
plain in
a Roman citizen, and uncondemned at that Ac
22:25.
an hour is coming, indeed it is already here J 5:25.
4. er
and before a second adj.
is pleonastic fr. the viewpoint of
modern lang. (class. [Kühner-G. II p. 252, 1]. Cf. Cebes 1, 1
; 2, 3; Bl-D. §442, 11)
... .
many other signs J 20:30
(cf. Jos., Ant. 3, 318).
.
many severe charges Ac 25:7.
...
Lk 3:18 (cf. Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 6
).
Tit 1:10 v.l.
5. introducing someth. new, w. loose connection: Mt 4:23; 8:14, 23, 28; 9:1, 9, 27,
35; 10:1; 12:27; Mk 5:1, 21; Lk 8:26; J 1:19 and .
6.
...
both. . . and, not only. . . , but also (Synes., Dreams 10 p. 141B
.—Bl-D. §444, 3; Rob. 1182; Mlt.-Turner 335) connecting single expressions Mt 10:28; Ro 11:33; Phil 2:13; 4:12. .
.
Ac 26:29. .
.
(s.
1) Phil 4:16; 1 Th 2:18. Connecting whole
clauses or sentences: Mk 9:13; J 7:28; 9:37; 12:28; 1 Cor 1:22. Introducing contrasts:
although. . . yet (Anthol. VII no. 676
5
24
) J 15:24; Ac 23:3.
. . . . Lk
5:36; J 6:36.
...
17:25; .. . . . now. . . now Mk 9:22. On . . .
s.
.—HJCadbury, Super uous
in the Lord’s Prayer [i.e. Mt 6:12] and Elsewhere: Munera Studiosa (=WHPHatch-Festschr.) ’46.
II. Rather as an adv. also, likewise—1. simply .
the other one also Mt
5:39; cf. vs. 40; 6:21; 12:45; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 8:7 and . Freq. used w. pronouns
(q.v.).
Mt 26:73. .
20:4, 7; Lk 21:31; J 7:47 and . .
(s.
1g).
2. ascensive: even Mt 5:46f; 10:30; Mk 1:27; 4:41; Lk 10:17; Ac 5:39; 22:28; 1 Cor
2:10; 2 Cor 1:8; Gal 2:17; Eph 5:12; Phlm 21; Hb 7:25; 1 Pt 4:19; Jd 23. CBlackman, JBL
87, ’68, 203f would transl. Ro 3:26b:. . . even in the act of declaring righteous. In formulas expressing a wish:
if only, would that Gal 5:12. In connection w.
a comparative: .
one who is even more than a prophet Mt
11:9. .
J 14:12.
3. In sentences denoting a contrast
appears in var. ways, somet. in both
members of the comparison, and . pleonastically, to our way of thinking
...,
as. . . , thus also 2 Cor 8:11.
...,
(Hyperid.
1, 2, 5-8) Ro 5:19; 11:30f; 1 Cor 11:12; 15:22; Gal 4:29. . . . ,
Ro 5:15, 18.
...,
2 Ti 3:8.—
thus also Ro 6:11.
in the
same way also 1 Cor 11:25.
(Jos., Bell. 2, 575)J 6:11; Jd 8.
Ro 15:7; Ac
11:17; 1 Cor 7:7; 9:5.
Ro 15:7; 1 Cor 13:12; 2 Cor 1:14; Eph 4:17.
Ro 4:6; 2 Cor 1:14.—
can also stand alone in the second member w. the mng.
so also, so. . . .
Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.
...
Lk 6:31 v.l.; J
6:57; 13:15; 1 Cor 15:49.—
...,
1 Cor 15:48. A er a comp.
by so much also Hb 8:6.
is found in both members of the comparison (cf.
Kühner-G. II 256; 2 Macc 2:10; 6:14) Ro 1:13; 1 Th 2:14.
...
Col
3:13 (cf. Hyperid. 1, 40, 20-5
...
; 3, 38).
4. w. expressions that introduce cause or result, here also pleonastic to a considerable degree
for this reason (also) Lk 11:49; J 12:18.
Lk 1:35;
Ac 10:29; Ro 4:22; Hb 13:12.
2 Cor 2:9.
1 Pt 4:19.
Hb
7:25; 11:19.
6
25
5. er an interrogative (class.; cf. Kühner-G. II 255. S. also Bl-D. §442, 14) at
all, still
.
; Lk 13:7.
; (Hyperid. 3, 14
;
what kind of wrong, then, is he commi ing?)
; why does he still
(need to) hope? Ro 8:24.
; why are they baptized (at all) 1 Cor
15:29; cf. vs. 30.
6. used w. a relative, it . gives greater independence to the foll. relative
clause: Lk 10:30; Ac 1:3, 11; 7:45; 10:39; 11:30; 12:4; 13:22; 28:10; Ro 9:24; 1 Cor 11:23; Gal
2:10; Col 1:29 al.
7. used pleonastically w. prep.—a.
(BGU 412, 6
.
) Phil 4:3.
b.
(inscr. in Papers of the American School of Class. Stud. at Athens III
612; PFay. 108; BGU 179, 19; 515, 17) 1 Cl 65:1.—Dssm., NB 93 [BS 265f].
8. w. double names
who is also called. . . (the earliest ex. in a fragment of
Ctesias, c. 400 BC [cf. Hatch 141]; Dit., Or. 565; 574; 583; 589; 603; 604; 620; 623; 636;
POxy. 45; 46; 54; 101; 485; 1279; PFay. 30; BGU 22, 25; 36, 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 240; 5, 85; 12,
285; 13, 320; 18, 35. Further material in WSchmid, Der A icismus III 1893, 338;
Dssm., B 181 [BS 313-17]. Lit. in Bl-D. §268, 1 w. app.)
,
Ac
13:9.
,
inscr. of all the le ers of Ign.-—On .. . .
,
, .. . . ,
, s.
, , . On
.,
.,
.,
. see
,
, ,
. M-M.
7
(kai), and; also. Cognate words:
,
,
26
,
,
83.2 (1) and Ac 21:3
89.67 (1) also 2 Ti 2:5
89.87 (2824) and Mt 1:21, 23 (2), 24, 25 (2); 2:2, 9, 11 (2), 13 (2), 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21;
3:10, 12 (2), 16 (2); 4:2, 3, 5, 6 (2), 8, 9, 11, 13, 19, 21 (2), 24 (2), 25; 5:1, 2, 15 (2), 16,
19 (2), 24 (2), 25 (2), 29, 30, 40; 6:4, 6 (2), 18, 19, 30, 33; 7:5, 6, 7 (3), 19, 24, 25 (2),
26, 27 (3); 8:2, 3 (2), 4, 7, 8 (2), 9 (3), 10, 13, 15 (4), 16 (2), 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25,
26 (2), 29, 32 (3), 34 (2); 9:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (2), 10 (2), 11, 15 (2), 16, 17 (3), 18,
19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 33 (2), 35; 10:13, 21; 11:4, 17 (2), 18, 19, 29; 12:1, 4, 5, 10 (2),
11 (2), 13 (2), 15 (2), 16, 18, 22, 23 (2), 29 (2), 41, 43, 44, 45 (3), 49; 13:2 (2), 3, 4 (2),
5, 6, 7 (2), 8, 15 (2), 19 (2), 22, 30, 32 (2), 36, 41, 42, 44 (3), 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,
54 (2), 58; 14:2, 6, 10, 11 (3), 12 (3), 13, 14 (3), 19 (2), 20 (3), 22, 23, 26, 29 (2), 31, 32,
34, 35 (2), 36 (2); 15:17, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30 (3), 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 (2), 37 (2), 39;
16:4, 9, 19, 21 (2), 22, 27; 17:3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 16 (2), 18 (3), 20, 23 (3), 24, 25, 27 (2);
18:2, 3, 9, 12 (2), 13, 21, 25, 26, 28, 31, 34; 19:2 (2), 3, 5 (3), 15, 21 (3); 20:3, 4, 6, 9,
10 (2), 14, 17, 18 (2), 19 (2), 24, 30, 32 (2), 34 (2); 21:2, 6, 7 (2), 8, 12 (2), 13, 14, 16,
17 (2), 19 (3), 21, 27, 30, 33 (4), 35, 36, 39 (2), 41, 46; 22:3, 7 (2), 10 (2), 12, 16, 20,
22 (2), 23, 24, 33, 35, 46; 23:4, 26; 24:4, 7, 10, 11, 14, 30, 31, 39 (2), 43, 49, 51; 25:5,
7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 27, 28, 30, 32 (2), 33, 35 (3), 36 (3), 37 (2), 38 (2), 39,
40, 42 (2), 43 (3), 44, 46; 26:4, 7, 9, 16, 18, 19 (2), 21, 22, 26 (2), 27 (2), 30, 31, 36,
37, 39, 40 (3), 43, 44, 45 (2), 47, 49 (2), 50, 51 (2), 53, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 67, 69, 71,
72, 74, 75 (2); 27:2 (2), 5 (2), 10, 11, 14, 25, 28, 29 (2), 30, 31 (3), 33, 34, 36, 37,
40 (2), 42, 48 (2), 51, 52, 53 (2), 59, 60 (2), 64 (2); 28:2 (3), 4, 7 (2), 8, 9, 12, 14, 15,
17, 18; Mark 1:5 (2), 9, 10 (2), 11, 12, 13, 15 (2), 16, 17 (2), 18, 19, 20 (2), 21 (2), 22,
23, 25, 26 (2), 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 (3), 34, 35, 36, 37 (2), 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45; 2:1,
2 (2), 3, 4 (2), 5, 8, 9 (2), 11, 12 (2), 13 (2), 14 (3), 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
25, 26 (2), 27; 3:1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (3), 6, 7, 9, 11 (2), 12, 13 (2), 14, 20, 21, 23, 27, 31 (2), 32,
33, 34; 4:1, 2, 4 (3), 5, 6, 7 (3), 8 (2), 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15 (2), 17, 19 (2), 20 (2), 24, 26,
27 (4), 30, 32 (3), 36, 37 (2), 38 (2), 39 (3), 40, 41 (2); 5:2, 4, 5, 6 (2), 9 (2), 10, 12,
Logos Bible So ware. (2011). The Lexham Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. Logos
Bible So ware.
1
27
Heb 11:19; Jas 3:3; 5:8; 1 Jn 2:24; 3 Jn 12; both Acts 6:9 (2); Jas 4:15; even Ro
15:12; 3 Jn 12; nor Col 3:11 (2); indeed Heb 9:22
89.93 (806) and Mt 1:17 (2), 19; 2:3, 16; 3:2, 6; 4:10, 17, 19, 23 (2); 5:45; 6:10, 19, 24 (2),
25; 7:2, 4, 8 (2), 13 (2), 14, 22 (2), 25, 27, 29; 8:4, 6, 9 (2), 13, 17, 20, 22, 33 (2); 9:19,
20, 30 (2); 10:5, 14, 17, 21, 22, 28, 30, 37, 38, 40; 11:5, 14, 25; 13:10, 22, 26, 30, 56;
14:2, 5; 15:10, 32; 16:18 (2); 18:35; 19:29; 21:5, 27; 22:10; 24:24, 49; 25:29 (2); 26:35,
73; 27:44, 54; 28:20; Mk 2:15, 18, 28; 3:25, 26; 4:24, 25, 36; 7:9, 28; 9:14, 22; 14:31,
51; 15:36, 40; Lk 1:36, 67; 2:21, 27; 5:35, 36; 7:49; 8:18, 21, 22, 25, 43; 9:28, 33; 10:11,
30; 12:29, 37, 45; 13:33; 14:1, 12; 17:4, 11; 18:15; 19:42; 20:30, 37; 21:11, 16; 22:14, 33,
36, 53, 66; 24:23; Jn 1:35; 7:4; 8:17, 25; 9:15, 28; 11:52; 14:31; Acts 3:1, 24; 5:2, 15, 32,
39; 7:45; 10:29; 13:16; 17:18, 23, 28; 19:12, 40; 21:13; 22:25; 23:6; 24:6; 25:27; 26:10,
11; 27:9, 23; 1 Co 7:7; 11:5; 12:14; 14:9; 15:18, 30; 2 Co 2:2; 5:3; 13:2, 9; Gal 1:9; Eph
1:1; Phil 4:9; Col 4:15 (2); Tt 1:9, 10; Heb 1:2; 7:6, 9; 8:13; 9:21; 10:6, 34 (2); 11:11,
12; Jas 4:14; 2 Pe 1:5; 1 Jn 1:3, 5; 2:2; 2 John 7; 3 John 5, 12; Jude 23; Rev 1:2, 6 (2),
9, 18; 2:23, 26, 28; 4:11; 6:4; 10:7; 11:18 (2); 13:16; 16:4; 21:5; also Mt 5:39, 40, 46,
47; 6:12, 14, 21; 7:10, 12; 8:9; 10:4; 12:45; 13:26; 17:12; 19:28; 20:4, 7, 10, 14; 22:26;
23:28; 24:33, 39, 44; 25:11, 22, 24, 44; 26:69; 27:41, 57; Mk 1:38; 2:26; 3:19; 7:18;
8:38; 11:25; 12:22; 13:29; 14:9, 67; 15:31, 40, 43; 16:8; Lk 1:35; 2:4; 3:12, 14 (2), 18,
20, 21; 4:23, 41, 43; 5:10; 6:13, 14, 29 (2), 39; 7:8; 8:1; 10:1, 32, 39; 11:1, 4, 12, 30, 40,
45, 46, 49; 12:8, 40, 41, 54, 57; 13:8; 16:1, 10 (2), 21, 22, 28; 17:10, 26, 37; 18:9; 19:9,
19; 20:12, 31, 32; 21:31; 22:24, 39, 56, 58, 59 (2); 23:7, 11, 32, 38; 24:15, 21, 24; Jn
3:23; 4:45; 5:18, 19, 21, 26; 6:11, 67; 7:3, 10, 47, 52; 8:9, 19; 9:27, 40; 11:16; 12:9, 10,
18, 26; 13:9, 14, 15, 32, 34; 14:1, 3, 7, 19; 15:20 (2), 23, 27; 16:22; 17:19, 20, 21; 18:2, 17,
18, 25; 19:19, 35, 39; 20:6, 8, 30; 21:3, 20, 25; Acts 1:3, 11; 2:26; 3:17; 5:16; 7:51; 8:13;
9:24, 32; 10:26, 39, 45, 47; 11:1, 7, 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 26, 30; 12:3, 4; 13:5, 9, 22, 33, 35;
14:15; 15:8, 32, 35, 37; 16:1; 17:6, 13, 28, 34; 19:13, 21, 27; 21:16, 28; 22:5 (2), 20, 29;
23:11, 30, 33, 35; 24:9, 15, 16, 26; 25:10, 22; 26:29 (2); 27:10; 28:9, 10, 28; Rom 1:6,
13 (2), 15, 27, 32; 2:12; 3:29 (2); 4:6, 9, 12, 16, 21, 24; 5:2, 3, 11, 15, 18, 19, 21; 6:4, 5, 8,
11; 7:4; 8:11, 17 (2), 21, 23, 26, 30 (3), 32, 34 (2); 9:10, 24 (2), 25; 11:1, 5, 16 (2), 22,
31 (2); 13:5, 6; 14:10; 15:7, 14 (3), 22, 27; 16:2, 4, 7; 1 Co 1:8, 16; 2:11, 13; 7:3, 4; 9:8,
14; 10:13; 11:6, 12, 23, 25; 12:12, 13; 13:12; 14:12, 15 (2), 19, 34; 15:1 (2), 2, 3, 15, 21, 22,
Bible So ware.
10
28
42, 44, 45, 48 (2), 49; 16:1, 16; 2 Co 1:5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 20, 22; 2:9; 3:6; 4:10, 11,
13, 14; 5:11; 6:1, 13; 7:7, 14; 8:6 (2), 7, 11 (2), 14, 19, 21; 9:6 (2), 12; 10:7, 11; 11:12 (2),
15; 13:4; Gal 2:8, 10, 13, 17; 4:3, 7, 29; 5:12, 25; 6:1, 7; Eph 1:11, 13 (2), 21; 2:3 (2), 22;
4:4, 9, 10, 32; 5:2, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 33; 6:21; Php 1:15, 18, 29; 2:4, 5, 9, 18, 24, 27;
3:12, 15, 20; 4:3, 10; Col 1:6 (2), 8, 9, 29; 2:11, 12; 3:7, 8, 13, 15; 4:1, 3 (2), 16 (2); 1 Th
1:5; 2:8, 13 (2), 14 (2); 3:6, 12; 4:6, 8, 13, 14; 5:24; 2 Th 1:5, 11; 3:1; 1 Ti 2:9; 3:7;
5:13 (2), 20, 25; 2 Ti 1:5, 12; 2:2, 10, 11, 12, 20; 3:8, 9; 4:8, 15; Tt 3:3, 14; Philem 9,
22; Heb 2:14; 3:2; 4:2, 10; 5:2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 6:7; 7:2 (2), 12, 25; 8:3, 6; 9:28; 10:15; 11:20;
12:17, 26; 13:3, 12; Jas 1:11; 2:2, 11, 17, 25, 26; 3:2, 4, 5; 1 Pe 1:15; 2:18, 21; 3:5, 7, 18, 19,
21; 4:1, 13; 5:1; 2 Pe 1:15; 2:1 (2), 12, 19; 3:15, 16 (2); 1 Jn 1:3 (2); 2:2, 6, 23; 3:4; 4:11,
17, 21; 5:1; 2 John 1; Jude 8, 14; Rev 2:15; 6:11 (2); 11:8; 14:17; 17:11; 18:6; 20:10; even
Mt 8:27; Rom 5:7, 14; 8:23; 15:3; 16:2; 1 Co 2:10; 7:29; 11:19; 16:6; 2 Co 1:8; 4:16;
7:5, 8; 10:13, 14; 11:6; 12:11; Gal 6:1; Php 1:15, 20; 2:17; 3:4, 8, 18, 21; 4:16; 2 Th 3:10;
Phm 19; Jas 2:19; 1 Jn 2:18; Rev 1:7; 2:13; 13:13; both John 2:2; 1 Co 4:5, 11; Phil
4:3; 1 Th 2:15; Re 13:15; indeed Jn 4:23; Ac 22:5; 1 Co 1:22; 4:7; 5:7; 7:21; 9:5; 11:9,
19; 14:8; 2 Co 5:9; Php 3:12; 1 Th 3:4; 4:1; 5:11; 2 Ti 3:12; Heb 7:26; 2 Pe 1:14; or 2
Co 13:1; that is 1 Jn 3:10
89.102 (167) and Mt 10:28 (2); Mk 9:13; Lk 23:12; Jn 15:24 (4); 18:3 (2); Acts 1:1, 8,
13 (7); 2:9 (2), 10 (3), 11 (2), 36, 37; 4:27; 5:14, 24; 7:35; 8:12, 13, 38; 9:2, 15, 18, 24,
29; 10:39; 13:1 (2); 14:1, 5; 15:3, 9, 32; 17:10, 14; 18:5; 19:10, 17, 26 (2), 27; 20:21;
21:12, 25 (3); 22:4; 24:15; 25:24; 26:3, 22, 29, 30 (2); 27:1; Rom 1:12, 14 (2), 20; 2:10;
3:9; 10:12; 14:9; 1 Co 1:24, 30 (2); 6:13, 14; 7:34 (2), 38; 9:5 (2); 2 Co 12:12 (2); Eph
6:9; Phil 1:7 (2); 2:13; 4:12 (3), 16; 1 Th 2:18; 5:15; 2 Th 3:4; 1 Ti 4:16; Tt 1:15 (2);
Phm 11, 16 (2); Heb 2:4 (3), 11; 4:12; 5:1, 7, 14; 6:4, 19 (2); 8:3; 9:2, 9, 19; 10:33;
11:32; Jas 3:7 (2); 2 Pe 3:18; 1 Jn 4:14 (2); 2 John 9 (2); 3 Jn 10 (2); Jude 25 (2); Rev
1:19 (2); 8:12 (2); 13:16 (4); 19:18 (3); 22:17; indeed Mk 9:13; both Ac 2:36; 7:35;
26:29; Rom 14:9; 1 Co 6:13, 14; 7:38; 10:32; Eph 6:9; Php 2:13; 4:12 (3), 16; 1 Th
2:18; 2 Th 3:4; 1 Ti 4:16; 2 Pe 3:18; also Rom 1:16
91.1 (367) and Ma 2:4, 6, 8, 11, 12, 23; 3:9, 17; 4:23, 24; 5:30, 40, 41, 47; 6:5, 12, 13, 28;
7:23, 25, 26, 27 (2), 28; 8:9, 14, 28; 9:1, 2, 9, 23, 27, 35; 10:1, 42; 11:1, 6, 23, 27; 12:9,
26, 27, 32; 13:14, 53, 57; 14:9, 22; 15:21, 29, 39; 16:1, 5; 17:1, 14; 19:1, 16; 20:17, 29;
Bible So ware.
11
29
c: a marker of an additive relation which is not coordinate—‘and, and
89.93
also, also, in addition, even.’
,
‘whoever strikes you on your right cheek, turn
also the other cheek to him’ Mt 5:39;
‘they told everything and also what had happened to the men
with the demons’ Mt 8:33.18
18 18 In Mt
8:33 the phrase
is semantically a part of what was
told. It is not, however, coordinate but dependent, in that it forms only a part of the
entire account. From the standpoint of the people who announced what had happened,
the focus was evidently upon the loss of the herd of pigs, and the healing of the demoniacs was an additional, less important factor. Accordingly, one must treat
in this
structure as being a marker of a non-coordinate relation.
Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A. (1996). Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament: Based on semantic
domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition.). New York: United Bible Societies.
1
30
89.102
…
; …
;
: markers of a totality of two closely related
elements—‘both … and.’
…
:
‘but fear rather the one who is able to destroy both soul and body in
hell’ Mt 10:28;
,
‘but I tell you, Elijah has both come and they have done to him whatever they wanted’ Mk 9:13. This double use of
, however, may merely re ect a
Semitic tendency.
… :
‘both the captain of the
temple guards and the chief priests’ Ac 5:24.
:
‘both gi s and sacri ces’ He 5:1;
‘both prayers and requests’ He 5:7.
Louw, J. P., & Nida, E. A. (1996). Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament: Based on semantic
domains (electronic ed. of the 2nd edition.). New York: United Bible Societies.
2

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