docCoelomates (Eucoelomates)
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Coelomates (Eucoelomates)
Coelomates (Eucoelomates) Protostomes – Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda Deuterostomes – Echinodermata, Chordata Phylum Mollusca • • • • Foot Visceral Mass ___________ ___________ • The “HAM” Class: Monoplacophora • Single Shelled • Segmented • Deep Marine (living ones discovered in 1952) • Radula • Foot Class Polyplacophora • Eight overlapping plates • Foot and Radula Class Gastropoda • • • • • Snails, Slugs ________ Coiling (dextral vs sinistral) Foot, Radula Cone Snails – Non-‐addicPve pain killer 1000 As strong as morphine! Clinical trials for Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Depression, Epilepsy Class Scaphopoda • Benthic • Radula (moves food to Gizzard). • Filter Feeder – (suspension feeder) Class Bivalvia • Right/Le[ Shell • Filter Feeder • No__________ Class Cephalopoda • _______ Circulatory System • Shell External, internal, absent • Complex nervous system, camera-‐ eye Phylum: Annelida • Repeated Segments • Specialized Segments • Connections Giant Gippsland Earthworm, Australia Average 6 feet! (up to 15!) Phylum: Annelida • Soft, Segmented • Setae often present • Digestive system with specialized areas • Metanephridia used to remove waste • Nervous system with ventral nerve cords Phylum: Annelida Classification • Class: ______________ – (Earthworms) • Class: Polychaeta – (Marine worms) • Class: Hirudinea – (Leeches) Class: Oligochaeta • Reduced head • No parapodia • A few setae per segment Class: Polychaeta • Well developed head • Parapodia with setae • Tube-dwelling and free-living Class: Hirudinea • Body usually flattened • Reduced segments and coelom • Setae absent • Suckers at both ends • Parasites, predators and scavengers Phylum: Onychophora • Walking worm • Was thought to be link between annelids and arthropods • Unjointed appendages but segmented Phylum: Arthropoda • Hard exoskeleton, segmented • Segments carry paired appendages • Open circulatory system • Nervous system similar to annelids • Contains two-thirds of all identified species Arthropod Diversity • • • • • • Versatile exoskeleton Segmentation and appendages Tracheae Highly developed sense organs Complex behavior patterns _____________ Arthropod Classification • Subphylum: Trilobita • Subphylum: Cheliceraformes – Class: Merostomata (Horseshoe crabs) – Class: Pycnogonida – Class: ____________ (Scorpions, Spiders, Ticks, Mites) Arthropod Classification • Subphylum: Crustacea – Class: Crustacea (Lobster, Crabs, Shrimp) • Subphylum: Myriapoda (Uniramia) – Class: ___________ (Centipedes) – Class: ___________ (Millipedes) • Subphylum: Hexapoda – Class: Insecta (Insects) Subphylum: ________ • All extinct (Permian era - 250 mya) • Segmented without specialization • Paired appendages Subphylum: Cheliceraformes • Six pairs of appendages – one pair of _____________ – one pair of pedipalps (not in horseshoe crabs) – four pair of walking legs • No mandibles • No antennae Class: Merostomata • _____ pairs of appendages – one pair of chelicerae – five pair of walking legs • Unchanged since the triassic period • Shallow coastal waters • Larvae similar to trilobites Class: Pyconogonida • Called Sea spiders (not true spider) • May have extra legs (duplicate segments) • Polar oceans Class: Arachnida Class: Arachnida • Scorpions are the first terrestrial invertebrates – pedipalps modified as pinchers – tail modified with stinger • Ticks and Mites are parasitic • Spiders contain modified _________ – used as fangs to inject poison • produce silk used for webs, eggs, escape, courtship Subphylum: Crustacea Subphylum: Crustacea • Contain two pair of __________ • Each appendage is biramous (two main branches) • Mandibles • Body of two or three parts • Mostly marine Subphylum: Myriapoda Subphylum: Myriapoda (Uniramia) • Contain one pair of antennae • Each appendage is __________ (one main branch) • Mandibles Classes: Chilopoda & Diplopoda • Chilopoda – Centipedes – ____ pair of jointed legs per segment – poison claws – predators • Diplopoda – Millipedes – ____ pair of jointed legs per segment (fused) – herbivores Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Insecta • Most diverse of all arthropods • May have been the cause of angiosperm diversity • Metamorphosis – complete – incomplete Fig. 33-37a 2 pairs of wings; front thickened elytra Fig. 33-37b 1 pair of wings; back form knobs called halteres Two pairs of wings, ½ have hard outer shell, sucking mouth parts Winged/less 2 pairs membrane wings; thin waist Fig. 33-37c Two wings covered with scales Fig. 33-37d Fig. 33-37e Phylum: Echinodermata • ______________ – radial and indeterminate cleavage – Enterocoelous – anus from blastopore Phylum: Echinodermata • Secondary Radial Symmetry • ______________ ___________ – Ambulacral groove – Madreporite • All marine Water Vascular System • • • • • • • ___________ Stone Canal Ring Canal Radial Canal Lateral Canal Ampulla Tube Feet Classification • Class: Asteroidea (Seastars) • Class: Opiuroidea (Brittlestars) • Class: Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars) • Class: Crinoidea (Sea Lilies) • Class: Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers) Class: Asteroidea • Five arms radiating from a central disc • ______ ambulacral groove • Madreporite on the aboral side • Contain pedicellariae and papulae Class: Ophiuroidea • Five thin arms radiating from a central disc • ______ ambulacral grooves • Madreporite on the oral side • No suckers on tube feet, pedicellariae or papulae Class: Echinoidea • No arms but have five rows of tube feets • Contain spines • Closed ambulacral grooves • Madreporite on the _______ side • Contain pedicellariae and ________ • ________________ Class: Crinoidea • Attached to substrate with many branched arms • Open ambulacral grooves • No __________ • No pedicellariae or papulae Class: Holothuroidea • Soft bodied • Ambulacral areas with tube feet • ________ Madreporite • No pedicellariae or papulae • Closed ambulacral grooves Know your clades! I will use this clade for most taxonomy questions (particularly with fish!) Phylum: Chordata • Deuterostomes – radial and indeterminate cleavage – Enterocoelous – anus from blastopore • Bilateral Symmetry • Both invertebrates and vertebrates – Contain four anatomical features Phylum: Chordata • _________ • Dorsal, Hollow Nerve Cord • Pharyngeal Slits • Muscular, Postanal Tail • **Good Essay SubPhylum: Urochordata • Tunicates • Sessile • Only contains Pharynx with slits as an adult SubPhylum: Cephalochordata • Lancelates • Contains all four chordate characters as an adult • Closest relative to vertebrates (Amphioxus) • Paedeogenesis SubPhylum: Vertebrata • Backbones • Contains all four chordate characters as an adult with modification • Neural Crest Vertebrate Adaptations • Living Endoskeleton and Musculature – better for larger animals – Bones for muscle attachment • Pharynx and Efficient Respiration – increased metabolic rate • Advanced Nervous System – developed system for distance reception • Paired Limbs – increased movement Chordate Evolution • Vertebrae • Jaws and two sets of paired appendages • Teeth • Lungs • Legs • Amniotic Egg • Hair, feathers Key Fish Characteristics • • • • • Vertebral Column Jaws and paired appendages Gills Single loop blood circulation __________________ Superclass: _________ • Without Jaws and Most without paired appendages • Class: Myxini Hagfishes (scavengers) • Class: • Petromyzontida (Cephalaspidomorphi) - Lampreys (parasitic) Superclass: Gnathostomata • With jaws • Evolved from skeletal supports of the pharyngeal slits Fossil Gnathostomata • Placoderms – Plate-skinned • Acanthodians – Probably led to bony fish – Both lived 350-400 mya Class: Chondrichthyes Class: Chondrichthyes • Cartilaginous skeleton • Sharks, Skates, Rays, Ratfish Class: Chondrichthyes • ________ Scales (teeth-like) • Several rows of teeth • Spiral valve within intestine • Large fatty liver Class: Chondrichthyes • Electroreceptors (electromagnetic fields) (Ampullae of Lorenzenii) • _________ Caudal Fin • Lateral Line System Shark Reproduction Claspers- pelvic fins used to transfer sperm. Shark development: __________: the mother feeds by a placenta __________: the mother deposits eggs _____________: the eggs retained in female Great White Sharks Great White Shark 20 feet / 4200 lbs. Eat large bony fish, smaller sharks, dolphins, seals, and sea lions. Found in coastal and offshore waters between 54 to 75 degrees F. More people have been killed by dogs in the U.S. than this shark. ______________ 66 feet / 7500 lbs. Filter feeders (plankton). They are found in along the coast from Oregon to Baja California. Superclass-Osteichthyes 1Class: Actinopterygii 2Class: Actinistia 3Class: Dipnoi • Bony Skeleton – 1 Ray-finned fish – 3 lobe-finned fish – 2 lungfish “Osteichthyes” • Embedded dermal scales (Ganoid, Cycloid, or Ctenoid) (mesoderm) “Osteichthyes” • • • • Lateral line system Operculum Swim Bladder __________ Caudal Fin “Osteichthyes” • Fins – Dorsal (Anterior and Posterior) – Pectoral – Pelvic – Caudal – Anal Bony Fish Adaptations Class: Actinistia Coelocanths – Indonesia and South Africa lobe-finned fish with the pectoral and anal fins on fleshy stalks supported by bones, and the tail is divided into three lobes. rostral organ - prey detection. Bony Fish Adaptations Smelt are small anadromous fish. Smelt has a character odor, similar to the smell of __________. Smelt roe is bright orange in color, and is often used to garnish sushi. Bony Fish Adaptations Class: Actinopterygii Infraclass: Teleostei Superorder: Scopelopmorpha Deep sea fish Many deep sea fish are bioluminescent, Large Stomachs and Mouths. Bony Fish Adaptations ____________ are California’s State Marine Fish. They have the ability to change their sex multiple times Bony Fish Adaptations Sea Horses and Pipefish - Males have brood pouches which the female uses an ovipositor to deposit the eggs. Shape to help them hide in the sea grass. Bony Fish Adaptations Grunion At night, from March through September, after the highest tides. Second through fourth nights after the full or new moons. Each female is accompanied by several males which come to fertilize the eggs. Bony Fish Adaptations Ocean Sunfish heaviest known bony fish in the world. 1 ton Sunfish live on a diet that consists mainly of jellyfish.
