Spotlight Student Housing in Spain
Transcription
Spotlight Student Housing in Spain
Savills World Research Student Housing Spotlight Student Housing in Spain April 2015 savills.co.uk/research Spotlight | Student Housing in Spain April 2015 Savills Research Student Housing Spotlight Student Housing in Spain Economic outlook The Spanish economy technically came out of recession at the end of 2013 and registered continuous growth through to the end of 2014, when the y-o-y growth figure stood at 1.4%. In European terms, according to the latest data published by Eurostat Q2 2014, GDP growth in Spain (1.2%) was above the Eurozone average (0.7%) and above that of France (0.1%). With regards to the labour market, unemployment remained uncomfortably high at 23.8% during Q1 2015, though it has continued to fall steadily since the end of 2013. In addition, prices in Spain have continued to fall in recent months, which for the time being has translated into increased levels of disposable income for ordinary families and falling costs for businesses. As a result, for the first time since the recession began, domestic demand has made a positive contribution (2.2%) to growth in GDP. Economic indicators are therefore pointing to more positive expectations for the Spanish economy. Firstly, the Consumer Confidence Index reached the highest levels in its history during the first three months of 2015 (99.6 in January, 99 in February and 100.4 in March). Secondly, various economic bodies have been optimistic in their forecasts for economic growth, indicating growth in excess of 2% for 2015. Demand profile. Main characteristics The young segment of the population (aged between 18 and 34), which is the main driver for future students, has decreased in recent years. On 1 January 2014, young people in Spain accounted for 20.3% of the country’s total population, a marked decrease compared to 28% in 2000. In absolute terms, the number of young people in Spain is now 9.5 million, i.e. 16% less than the same figure for 2000. The Spotlight Student Housing in Spain April 2015 savills.co.uk/research SUMMARY main reason for this decrease was the continued fall in birth rate. The university student population continues to grow 60% of all young people in Spain live in the autonomous communities of Andalusia, Catalonia, Madrid and Valencia. With regards to entry into the jobs market, there are significant differences depending on the age range. While almost 60% of people aged between 16 and 24 are without work, some 88% of these being students, the figure falls to 9% for the 30-34 age group. According to the latest figures published by INE, in the first quarter of 2015, of the total number of unemployed people, only 22% of people with a university degree were without work, compared to 78% of those without university qualifications, highlighting the importance of higher education for entry into the job market. ■ The number of university students has risen by 1.7% since the beginning of the financial crisis. ■ The number of foreign students has doubled over the past ten years, though significant room for growth remains, given that they only account for 3.5% of all enrolments. ■ 2014 saw the first fall in the number of university students requiring accommodation (-0.4%), reversing the upward trend recorded over the previous 15 years. ■ The economic upturn has led to the reactivation of various projects that had been on hold for many years. ■ The price of university accommodation varies depending on a range of factors, such as the facilities and services offered, whether the halls of residence is publicly or privately owned, accommodation type (traditional halls of residence or apartments), etc. With regards to the housing demand, only 22% of people aged below 30 live away from the family home, compared to with 74% of the 30 to 34 age group. Among those aged between 16 and 24, only 7% have moved away from home, and this figure has fallen by 11% compared to the previous year. ■ However, competition occurs principally at a local level, which means there can be notable differences between halls of residence that display similar characteristics but are located in different regions or provinces. GRAPH 1 Young people (aged between 18 and 34) with regards to the total population 29% 28% 27% 25% 23% 21% 20% 19% 17% 15% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: INE savills.co.uk/research 02 Spotlight on | Student Housing in Spain The fragile situation experienced by young people in the labour market combined with difficult conditions in the housing market have meant that a young person on an ordinary income cannot possibly buy a house and finds it difficult to rent. For the 16 to 29 age group, to buy a house would suppose destining 61.2% of their salary to the payment of the mortgage, while experts recommend that it should not overcome 30% of the total income. According this parameter, only 10% of young people with highest salary level might assume the acquisition of a housing unit in Spain. Enrolments April 2015 “The over-30s age group has had a significant impact on the increase in the number of enrolments in response to high levels of unemployment.” Isabel Abella, Savills Research Spain In addition, there is an ever-increasing number of foreign students enrolled in the Spanish university system. Between the 2005-2006 and 20132014 academic years, the number of international students doubled to 53,175, accounting for 3.8% of all students. By place of origin, students from the Eurozone and Latin America-the Caribbean represented the majority, accounting respectively for 43% and 27% of the overall total. It should also be mentioned that the greatest increase over this period has been seen in students from Asia and Oceania, who have almost quadrupled in number. According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education, a total of 1.4 million of students enrolled for the 2013-2014 academic year. Of these, 27.1% were first-time students, the highest percentage ever recorded. Comparing these figures to the 19971998 academic year, there has been a fall of 10.3%, though the number of enrolments has actually increased by 1.7% since the recession began. From 2008-2009 onwards, the number of enrolments has grown steadily, driven mainly by an increase in the number of students over the age of 30 who have come back into education since the beginning of the recession. On the other hand, the number of students under the age of 30 has remained more stable. The main destinations chosen by these international students are Madrid, which accounts for 28% of the total, followed by Barcelona (15%), Valencia (4%) and Alicante (3.5%). These are also the provinces that have the largest number of universities, halls of residence and courses. The, so called, Strategy for the Internationalization of Spanish Number of students and economic growth Demand for higher education is counter-cyclical GDP 6 Annual variation (%) As regards the internal mobility of domestic students, according to data published by the Ministry for Education more than 70% of students enrol in the same autonomous community where they completed their secondary education. The students who display the lowest levels of mobility are those coming from the autonomous communities of Madrid, Catalonia and Andalusia, which are the regions with the largest number of universities and the broadest range of degree courses. At the other end of the spectrum are La Rioja, with 36.5% of students enrolling outside the region, Castilla La Mancha with 43% and the Balearic Islands with 46.4%. The autonomous communities with the GRAPH 2 Number of students Universities, with a timescale that runs through to 2020, includes the proposal that one in every three degree courses should be bilingual or wholly in English, a plan that could lead to an even greater increase in the number of foreign students. At present, bilingual courses or courses offered in a different language account for only 20% of the total, though this rises to 100% at some universities. 4 GRAPH 3 Foreign students by nationality (2013 2014) Rest of Africa 2% Asia and Oceania 10% North Africa 9% 2 EU-27 43% -2 -4 -6 Source: INE; Ministry of Education 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 -8 Latin America and Caribbean 26% USA and Canada 1% Rest of Europe 9% Source: Ministry of Education savills.co.uk/research 03 Spotlight on | Student Housing in Spain April 2015 GRAPH 4 highest levels of domestic enrolments from other regions are Navarra (33%), La Rioja (30.3%), Castilla y León (24.7%) and Madrid (24.6%). Balearic Islands Galicia Extremadura Andalusia Catalonia Community of Valencia Basque Country Asturias Castilla La Mancha Aragon Source: Ministry of Education For the first time since records began, the market saw a slight fall in both the number of beds (-0.4%) and the number of halls of residence (-1.8), due to the closure of several residential colleges. “The current stock of beds in student halls of residence only covers 56% of potential demand.” Gema de la Fuente, Savills Research Spain Salamanca for 39% of all beds in Castilla y León, Valencia for 35% of all beds in the Community of Valencia and Seville for 60% of all beds available in Andalusia. As regards the number of beds by province, Madrid offered the highest number, with 180 halls of residence and a total of 18,603 beds, followed by Barcelona, Salamanca, Seville and Valencia. These four cities combined accounted for almost 50% of the national total. Of the leading provinces based on market volumes, Barcelona accounted for 82% of all beds in Catalonia, In terms of size, 80% of university halls of residence are classified as small, with fewer than 99 beds. On the other hand, there are large halls of residence (offering more than 300 beds) in Galicia, Madrid, the Basque Country, the Community of Valencia, Catalonia GRAPH 5 Evolution of number of beds in university accomodations Number of beds y-o-y variation 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 - and Castilla y León. At a provincial level, more than 85% of university halls of residence in Barcelona and Salamanca are classified as large, whereas barely 5% of halls of residence are included in this category in Madrid and Valencia. Overall, the current standing stock of university accommodation beds would only cover 56% of the potential demand, this being understood to include foreign students and the proportion of domestic students on the first and second years of their course who are expected to move between regions. In total, almost 141,000 students are seeking accommodation with little more than 90,000 beds available. 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 -1% 2001 Source: DBK Cantabria Murcia Community of Madrid Castilla y León According to the most recent report from DBK, at the end of 2014 the university accommodation sector (student halls of residence and residential colleges) had a capacity of 90,125 beds in a total of 1,106 halls. The small proportion of residential colleges as a percentage of the total number of student halls (17%) is explained by the higher number of beds offered per residential college, an average of 128 beds per halls of residence for residential colleges as opposed to 72 per student halls of residence. La Rioja 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Supply Navarra Ranking of autonomous community according to level of national enrolments from other regions At present, almost 90% of university halls of residence belong to the private sector. In this segment, the market is more fragmented, and the most common profile is that of a small operator that is managing a single hall of residence, though in recent years there has been an increase in the number of large operators as a result of administrative concession agreements with public universities. According to the latest figures published by DBK, only a few organisations manage more than 1,000 beds. Of these, the majority are public savills.co.uk/research 04 Spotlight on | Student Housing in Spain April 2015 GRAPH 6 and only three (RESA, Residencias Campus and Campus Patrimonial) are private. Main private manager according to the ownership Private Universities Among private accommodation managers, the private universities themselves have gradually lost market share to private operators. In 2003 they accounted for 60% of the total, while by 2013 this had fallen to 38%. Number of institutions RESA, Campus Patrimonial and Residencias Campus have more than 50% of the total number of beds and halls of residence managed by private operators. The principal geographical areas in which they operate are Barcelona, Madrid, Seville and Malaga. 45% of RESA’s portfolio is located in Madrid and Barcelona. 60% of the halls of residence operated by Campus Patrimonial are in Malaga and Seville, while Residencias Campus operates in secondary cities, with 54% of its beds in Murcia and Albacete. Occupation Competition among the various private operators has increased as a consequence of the worsening market conditions and the reduction in domestic demand. 25 20 15 10 5 0 2003 2008 2011 Another highly attractive option, mainly among students reaching the end of their courses, is flat-sharing. According to the ‘2014 Report on Flat-Sharing in Spain’ (“Informe de pisos compartidos en España 2014”) published by pisos. com, more than half of the demand for shared flats comes from young students, with people aged between 18 and 25 accounting for 53.4% of the total. GRAPH 7 Number of beds by university accommodation and region Residential colleges Students halls of residence 20,000 16,000 12,000 8,000 Source: DBK Cantabria La Rioja Balearic Islands Asturias Murcia Canarias Extremadura Navarra Aragon Basque Country Galicia Castille La Mancha Community of Valencia Andalusia Castilla y León Catalonia Community of Madrid 4,000 - 2012 2013 Source: DBK Regarding levels of occupation, the majority of halls of residence located in the main university cities were 100% occupied during the current academic year. In addition, with a view to ensuring high levels of occupation, some halls of residence also offer Following the onset of the financial crisis, levels of disposable income among university students and their families fell, meaning that cheaper options such as public institutions benefited from an upturn in demand. Private Operator 30 places to post-graduate students, university professors and other people without a university affiliation. Another common practice is to keep the halls of residence open over the summer to cover the accommodation requirements of students who enrol for summer courses. New developments Following the period of contraction experienced by the student accommodation sector in recent years, we seem to be seeing the start of a period of growth. Notable new build halls of residence include four in Madrid and one in Barcelona, all of which are private. All the halls of residence in Madrid are the result of refurbishment projects: three residential buildings converted into student accommodation (each one operated by a different private company) and the complete refurbishment of a former residential college, Santa María del Estudiante, which now forms part of RESA’s portfolio. RESA will manage the new development that was delivered in 2014 in Barcelona. Lasalle Campus Residence located in the city’s SarriáSan Gervasio district resulted from an agreement between the largest university accommodation provider and the La Salle religious organisation. Two more RESA halls of residence are scheduled to open in September 2015. These are the two student halls savills.co.uk/research 05 Spotlight on | Student Housing in Spain April 2015 GRAPH 8 in that it allows students to enjoy greater privacy at a lower price with the advantage of being completely immersed in the university atmosphere. Average price of traditional university accommodation in the main regions Public Private Generally speaking, halls of residence that are managed by public organisations offer lower prices, as they have subsidies for some students, depending on family income scales and academic results. La Laguna University and the University of Santiago offer the lowest prices at €400 and €286 per month respectively. 1,000 €/month 800 600 400 200 Madrid Catalonia Andalusia Community of Valencia Castilla y Leon Source: Savills of residence acquired by Azora from the Ministry of Defence in 2013, one in Madrid and the other in Barcelona. They are both currently undergoing extensive modernisation. In addition, Knightsbridge, a British company that specialises in this sector, is planning to open several halls of residence. Work will be completed in September 2016 on two projects in Madrid (in Plaza Cristo Rey and Calle San Bernardo) and another in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). Two new halls of residence are also planned for Barcelona, with opening scheduled for September 2017 and September 2018. Some projects that had been halted for some time would seem to have been restarted, such as the student halls of residence at Barrio Llamosí in Valencia and the new student halls of residence in Gijon, located between the Escuela de Marina Civil and the Escuela Politécnica’s “edificio polivalente”. Other projects, however, remain at a standstill, generally due to a failure to reach agreement with the local government, as is the case with the conversion of the former barracks in Pontoneros (Zaragoza) and the student halls of residence in Camí de l’Ángel in Tarragona. Cuts in public budgets and a lack of interest among companies in the private sector are the main reasons for the lack of progress in other cases, such as the Juan de la Cosa hall of residence in Santander (Cantabria) and the new student halls of residence at the University of Cartagena (Murcia). Fees Prices vary on the basis of a range of factors, mainly associated with the facilities and services offered. Some of the differences are also due to who owns the operator that is managing the halls of residence and the accommodation type offered at the halls of residence. The traditional model implies that the private space is only the room and the bathroom (although in some occasions it can be shared) and the rest of facilities are common areas. In the latest years, the appartment concept is getting more relevance, it is a studio/room rooms includes a bathroom and a little kitchen (with fridge, microwave and, even in some occasions, washing machine). However, competition in accommodation prices occurs principally at a local level, which means there can be significant differences between halls of residence that display similar characteristics but are located in different regions or provinces. As a general rule, rooms that follow the apartment model are generally cheaper in both private and public halls of residence. It is increasingly common for new developments to follow this model, which emerged in response to the competition generated by flat-sharing. This is an option that falls halfway between finding accommodation in traditional halls of residence and flat-sharing, Halls of residence that are managed by private operators charge the highest prices, though these vary according to the facilities and services offered, the layout of the accommodation itself and the meals provided (accommodation only, half-board or full-board). Average prices at private halls of residence are 24% higher than those at public institutions. In an analysis of the traditional halls of residence, which account for 80% of the sample, the Community of Madrid heads the regional price table, both for public (€950 per month) and private (€1,050 per month) halls of residence. Second position is held by Navarra, with an average of €880 per month, followed by the Basque Country in third place with €833 per month. Investment Market At the end of 2013, the first signs of an economic recovery and improved forecasts put Spain back on the investment map for international GRAPH 9 Average price by type of university accomodation Apartment Traditional 900 800 700 600 €/month 1,200 500 400 300 200 100 Public Private Source: Savills savills.co.uk/research 06 Spotlight on | Student Housing in Spain April 2015 “Apartment-type accommodation is now becoming the most popular choice among most people seeking accommodation. It offers intimacy in university surroundings at a highly competitive price” Gema de la Fuente, Savills Research España investors, which provoked a continuing increase in cross-border activity in the commercial property market. In addition to the usual investment segments (offices, retail, hotels and industrial-logistics) other niche markets have gradually been added, such as service stations, health facilities (clinics and nursing homes) and student accommodation. As regards this last category, the lack of transparency in the market makes it difficult to ascertain the true level of activity, given that, as mentioned earlier, the sector is still dominated by small private operators that both own and manage one or more halls of residence. The fragmentation of the market and its high level of obsolescence have been perceived as an opportunity for small investors who have seen the refurbishment of existing halls of residence as a way of increasing their value and thus satisfying an increasingly demanding clientele. Many agreements are completed without third-party mediation, which again makes it difficult to measure the true extent of the market. These sometimes involve the acquisition of old student halls of residence, while other cases result from projects to refurbish ordinary residential buildings. The most readily available information generally relates to corporate transactions (share purchases) or the acquisition of halls of residence by international operators. The most recent transactions include the agreements reached by Knightsbridge Student Housing for the development of five new student halls of residence, two in the city of Madrid, one in Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) and two in Barcelona. This marks a further expansion of the British firm’s business operations in Spain, which began in 2012, with the purchase of the Galdós student halls of residence close to the campus of Madrid’s Complutense University. It is not the only international operator that has entered this market. At the end of March 2015, The Student Hotel (headquartered in Amsterdam) purchased two Barcelona student halls of residence leased under a long-term agreement to the operator Melon District for a total that could amount around €41.5 million. Despite the interest shown by these international companies that specialise in other parts of Europe, RESA, as part of the Azora team (the parent of the SOCIMI Hispania Activos TABLE 1 Investment deals International investors taking positions in university accommodations Year Buyer Vendor 2007 Victoria Hall REUSA 2008 EBM Alisma 2011 Lazora 2012 2013 Kinghtsbridge Student Housing Lazora Metrovacesa Asset Location Price* (€ m) Galileo Galiley Valencia N/A several locations 1.7 several locations 150 Madrid 21.70 N/A 14.91 Madrid and Barcelona 16.00 44% of shareholding in Campus Patrimonial (managment company) 17 shareholders incluing Catalunya Caixa, Portfolio (25 stundent halls) licence NovaCaixa Galicia, Catalana Occidente, to manage the halls for a period Caisse des Depot (RESA's shareholders) of time N/A Corporación Financiera Alba Residencia universitaria Pérez Galdós 18.25% at Lazora Alojamientos licence to manage two halls 2013 En Campus (Azora) Minsterio de Defensa (Vallehermosos en Madrid and Mateo Calabro en Barcelona) for 50 years Moncloa - Princesa 2014-2015 Kinghtsbridge Student Housing San Bernardo N/A Madrid, Alcalá de Alcalá de Henares Henares (Madrid) and Barcelona 1 Barcelona N/A Barcelona 2 2015 The Student Hotel BBVA Melon District Poblesec Melon District Marina Barcelona 41.50 Source: Savills / *estimated savills.co.uk/research 07 Spotlight on | Student Housing in Spain Inmobiliarios), remains the strongest operator in the domestic market. April 2015 other segments of the commercial property market. Prime yields would stand at between 5.75% and 6% with secondary product at around 7%. Yields The lack of transparency in the market, as mentioned above, and the absence of comparables, make it difficult to establish true yield levels. Based on market sentiment, we believe there has been an adjustment of 100 basis points as compared with the levels recorded in 2012 (the last time the report was updated), which would also be in line with developments in Prime product covers halls of residence located within the urban boundaries of the main cities that have one or more important universities with which agreements have been reached, that attract international students, are well served by transport links and offer a wide variety of services and leisure activities. ■ GRAPH 10 Regional distribution by students halls beds, potential demand (size of bubbles) and GDP growth 3.0% GDP Growth (2014) Canary Islands La Rioja 1.5% Extremadura 1.0% Navarra Asturias 0.5%Cantabria 0.0% -2,000 -0.5% Aragon -1.0% Galicia 4,000 6,000 Madrid Castilla y Leon Basque Country 2,000 Cataluña Community of Valencia Andalusia 8,000 10,000 12,000 Slight growth in the university accommodation supply ■ Implementation of the internationalisation plan for Spanish universities, which aims to see 50% of degree courses offered bilingually or wholly in English, would act as a stimulus for a continuing increase in foreign students coming to study in the Spanish university system. ■ The forecast for enrolments among domestic students is also positive. The competitive advantage offered by a university degree in the jobs market may act as an incentive for young people who aspire to improve their professional prospects. ■ The nascent growth in the economy could stimulate and increase assistance and study grants, which would help young people without the necessary financial resources to begin or resume their university studies. 2.5% Balearic Islands 2.0% OUTLOOK 14,000 Castilla La Mancha ■ The strong links between growth in the number of beds and growth in the economy offer strong grounds for forecasting an expansion in the university accommodation market, together with the forecasts of economic expansion over the coming years. ■ According to the most recent report published by DBK, the number of beds is expected to grow by 0.6% to 2016, with business volumes expected to grow by 2.4%. -1.5% Number of places Source: Research compiled from INE and DBK data Savills teams Please contact us for futher information Marcus Roberts Student Housing +44 (0) 20 7016 3799 [email protected] Alejandro Sanchez-Marco Investment Spain +34 913 10 10 16 [email protected] Gema de la Fuente Research Spain +34 913 10 10 16 [email protected] Isabel Abella Research Spain +34 913 10 10 16 [email protected] Savills plc Savills is a leading global real estate service provider listed on the London Stock Exchange. 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