azores genetic forest breeding program

Transcription

AZORES GENETIC FOREST BREEDING
PROGRAM
Carina Nóbrega
[email protected]
Reinfforce Meeting – 3 May, Furnas
DIRECÇÃO REGIONAL DOS RECURSOS
FLORESTAIS
1998-Genetic Forest Breeding Program (PMF)
Economic importance of the forest sector to the Azores
1.8 million Euros for the direct sale of timber or 10.9 million Euros for value-added
sales to the sawmilling industry
Expansion of designated forest territory
Increase forest diversity
Improve the quality of forest populations
SUSTAINABILITY OF FORESTS
IN THE AZORES
AZORES GENETIC FOREST BREEDING PROGRAM
PRODUCTIVE AZORES FORESTS
Pinus pinaster
4%
Eucalyptus sp.
17%
Acacia
melanoxylon
19%
Cryptomeria
japonica
57%
Outras espécies
3%
3 STRATEGIES- AZORES GENETIC FOREST
BREEDING PROGRAM
1 – Cryptomeria japonica Breeding Program
•
•
•
Increase grow rate
Improve the resistance to Armillaria mellea
Improve wood quality
2 – Study the adaptability of exotic species
3 - Revitalization of native forest ecosystem
In order to make the Forest Sector more competitive and
autonomous, conserving the existing natural resources
STAGES FOR THE
FOREST BREEDING PROGRAM
• Selection of a specie
•
Evaluate the quantity, type and genetic variability of the
local population
PROVENANCE TRIALS
• “Plus-Tree” selection - phenotypic superiority trees
- evaluate their breeding value
PROGENY TRIALS
•
Install seed orchards (concluded after the provenance
and progency trials)
PROVENANCE TRIALS
• Has the specie (Cryptomeria) adapted to
the Azores environment?
• Are there Provenances that are more
adapatable?
• Is there a local race?
• Is there a large genetic basis population?
Natural distribution of Cryptomeria japonica
Japaneese “Forest Breeding Tree Centers”
•“Plus-Trees” in seed orchards
•“Plus-Trees” resistents to winter/snow conditions
•Commerical seeds
Tohoku
Kansai
Kanto
Kyushu
55 lots representing four provenance regions:
•
between 33º North-40º North latitude and,
130º East- 141º East longitude
•
Altitudes from 13.2 metres and 678 metres
PROVENANCE TRIALS
61 lots: 6 Different Provenances
• 55 lots of seed from Japan
•
5 lots from local geographic area, distributed:
• Faial (Olavo Simas)
• São Miguel (Perímetro Florestal do Nordeste e Labaçal)
• Terceira (Fontinhas)
• Pico (Bitáculas)
•
1 lot from Korea (seed orchard offered by the Forest
Service)
PROVENANCE TRIALS
Locality
Year
No. Lots
Distance
betwen
plants
(metres)
São
Miguel
Labaçal
2002
32
1.5x2.5
360-365
37º46’16’’N
25º11’11’’W
Terceira
Pico
Gordo
2002
26
1.5x2.5
560-590
38º44’12’’N
27º15’51’’W
Faial
Aberto
2002
55
1.5x2.5
370-420
38º32’38’’N
28º42’46’’W
Island
Altitude
(metres)
Coordinates
PROVENANCE TRIALS
Labaçal (S. Miguel)
2008
700,0
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Açores
Coreia
Kansai
Kanto
Kyushu
Tohoku
C.V. (%)
2002
2003
2004
2006
2008
Kyushu
6,3
10,8
9,8
3,7
2,0
Tohoku
30,6
43,1
39,8
29,5
20,6
Kanto
40,4
31,4
49,0
40,7
29,0
Açores
27,0
46,0
43,8
35,6
24,6
Coreia
28,7
Kansai
2008
PROVENANCE TRIALS
Aberto (Faial)
700,0
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Açores
Coreia
Kansai
Kanto
Kyushu
Tohoku
C.V. (%)
2002
2003
2004
2006
2008
Kyushu
28,0
26,1
16,0
8,4
2,5
Kansai
50,0
44,8
30,9
17,5
3,8
Tohoku
20,4
18,8
17,8
9,3
3,7
Kanto
40,6
33,0
26,3
12,2
3,3
Açores
15,1
11,8
8,4
5,9
0,5
Coreia
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
PROVENANCE TRIALS
Pico Gordo (Terceira)
700,0
2008
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Açores
Coreia
Kansai
Kanto
Kyushu
Tohoku
C.V. (%)
2002
2003
2004
2006
2008
Kyushu
16,3
18,0
11,0
9,6
6,6
Kansai
25,5
24,2
22,4
20,8
13,3
Tohoku
18,3
13,3
10,2
6,4
4,2
Kanto
26,3
20,3
20,2
17,3
9,1
Açores
9,8
6,7
8,1
6,1
4,9
Coreia
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
PREVIOUS CONCLUSIONS
PROVENANCE TRIALS
Results indicate that the Cryptomeria
japonica adapted well to the environmental
conditions of the Azores, and likely developed
into a new local race
Superior growth behaviour from the originating
and Korean populations, suggest that this
genetic material should be included to improve
the Cryptomeria japonica breeding Azorean
population.
SELECTING the PLUS TREES
303 “Plus-Tress”
• Health conditions
• Height
• Dominance
• Diameter to 1.30 metres (dap)
• Shape of stem
• Canopy symmetry
•
Natural pruning
SEED HARVEST 2000 - SOWING
Plant Production
PROGENY TRIALS
210 Families – 26 600 plants
Confirm the genetic superiorty of the selected
“Plus Trees”
EXPERIMENTAL FRAMEWORK OF PROGENCY
TRIALS
Random plantings with five plants /family /plot
and seven repetitions
PROGENY TRIALS
Island
Island
S. Maria
S. Miguel
Terceira
Pico
Graciosa
Faial
Flores
Total
Designation
Designation
Pico Gordo
S. Bárbara
P. do Areeiro
Labaçal
Serreta
S. Pedro
Cabrito
Esp. Porc.
Cabrito
Altiprado
Biscoitos
Graminhais
Chão Verde
P. das Canas
Caldeira
Aberto
Viveiro
Des. Agrar.
Cangueiro
No.
No.
Families
Families
23
29
78
17
70
21
70
40
56
50
33
42
42
33
26
17
42
40
33
No.
No.
Plants
Plants
805
1015
2730
595
2450
735
2450
1400
1960
1750
1155
1470
1470
1155
910
595
1470
1400
26600
1155
Area
Area
(m2)
(m2)
5439
45600
29986
5713
3051
5664
14568
110021
Year
Year
2002
2003
2004
2002
2005
2003
2005
2004
2005
2005
2006
2005
2005
2006
2005
2002
2005
2004
2006
Tuckey method – Analysis Growth Medians – Family Rankings
ABERTO - FAIAL
LABAÇAL - S. MIGUEL
410,4
SMT30
401,1
SMT10
396,2
SMT2
390,7
SMT7
387,7
SMT1
387,5
SMT32
384,8
SMT31
380,1
SMT27
374,6
SMT4
374,2
SMT14
371,2
SMT11
SMT15
364,8
SMT13
622,2
SMT13
364,0
SMT3
610,4
SMT3
361,7
SMT18
592,7
SMT32
346,1
SMT12
569,0
SMT27
343,7
SMT5
544,9
SMT4
337,9
SMT36
328,0
SMT20
507,0
SMT36
322,5
SMT16
321,8
SMT15
303,3
SMT6
683,9
SMT11
700,9
SMT16
682,6
SMT10
671,3
SMT40
679,7
SMT3
668,7
SMT1
677,5
SMT18
656,7
SMT31
676,4
SMT5
653,6
SMT11
675,9
SMT32
653,0
SMT18
674,1
SMT4
645,6
SMT5
641,8
SMT7
634,9
SMT10
627,0
SMT6
624,5
672,8
SMT31
671,1
SMT40
670,9
SMT13
670,2
SMT1
666,7
SMT27
666,2
SMT6
663,4
SMT7
662,6
SMT16
PICO GORDO - TERCEIRA
661,6
SMT36
300,2
SMT29
648,5
SMT15
288,4
SMT40
PROGENY TRIALS
2012 – in course, evaluation of the growth, diameters and
fructification
Genetic
basis
populacion
PROGENY TRIALS
PROGENY
TRIALS
Estimate of genetic
parametres (h2;Va)
SELECTION
CROSSINGS
(controlled
polonization)
CLONAL ORCHARDS
Safeguarding the genetic value of “Plus Trees”
REVITALIZATION OF NATIVE FOREST
ECOSYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES
DIVERSIFY AZOREAN FOREST PRODUCTION
and by that
Contributing to a dynamic conservation of genetic
natural resources
Juniperus brevifolia
18,0
Capacidade Germinativa (%)
16,0
14,0
12,0
10,0
8,0
6,0
4,0
2,0
0,0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tratamentos
7
(monitor fructification)
(nursery production)
12 endemic wood species – 500 000 plants/year
(Silviculture Trails)
N.º de
Island
Locality
PLANTS
No
Área
Altitude (m)
Year
TREATMENTS
DISTANCE
plants
(m2)
Máx
Mín
Med
Pico
Chão Verde
2004
5
0,5x0,5 / 1x1 / 2x2
320
649
506
502
504
Pico
Andrades
2004
5
0,5x0,5 / 1x1 / 2x2
320
649
470
462
466
Pico
Serra das Velhas
2004
5
0,5x0,5 / 1x1 / 2x2
320
649
676
674
675
Pico
Chão Verde
2005
3
1x1
192
147
502
500
501
Pico
Andrades
2005
3
1x1
192
147
461
460
461
Pico
Serra das Velhas
2005
3
1x1
192
147
675
675
675
Pico
Chão Verde
2006
3
1x1
560
481
501
495
498
Pico
Serra das Velhas
2006
3
1x1
548
469
676
674
675
Pico
Serra das Velhas
2007
2
1x1
387
332
675
673
674
Pico
Caiado
2007
2
1x1
364
312
827
827
827
PICCONIA AZORICA
Island
Locality
Year
N.º de
DISTANCE
No
Área
TREATMENTS
BETWEN/PLANTS
plants
(m2)
Pico
Gepap - Sta. Luzia
2007
3
2x2
476
1612
Pico
Mistério-Sta. Luzia
2007
3
2x2
476
1612
Pico
São João
2007
3
2x2
476
1612
Terceira
Biscoitos
2010
3
2x2
476
1612
Terceira
Pico Rachado
2009
3
2x2
476
1612
S. Miguel
Furnas I
2008
3
2x2
476
1612
S. Miguel
Furnas II
2008
3
2x2
476
1612
S. Miguel
Nordeste I
2008
3
2x2
476
1612
S. Miguel
Nordeste I
2008
3
2x2
476
1612
4284
14508
Total
OUR TEAM
Forest Breeding Program of the Azores
Carina Nobrega
Carla Moutinho
Elsa Silva
Catarina Quintela
Isabel Correia
Jorge Belerique
José Costa
Leonor Penacho
Maria Helena Almeida
Carla Faria
[email protected]

azores genetic forest breeding program

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