wp4: quality

Transcription

wp4: quality

WP4: QUALITY
Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian rivers caused by global change (2009-2014).
Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065
DELIVERABLE 4.1
Document 1. Report
Occurrence of priority and emerging pollutants in
watercourses and prediction of future trends in terms of
presence and ecotoxicological effects
(UVEG)
TECHNICAL DETAILS
Description: Report corresponding to the deliverable 4.1 of the Work Package 4:
QUALITY (Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065)
Elaboration: Yolanda Picó (UV)
Contact: [email protected]
Delivery date: December 22nd, 2012
Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
46100 Burjassot, Valencia
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
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INDEX
Figure captions ................................................................................................................. 4 Table captions................................................................................................................... 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ 14 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 15 2. Experimental........................................................................................................... 16 2.1.Study sites............................................................................................................. 16 2.2. Analytes and analytical methods ......................................................................... 21 2.3. Hazard quotients .................................................................................................. 22 3. Occurrence of contaminants ................................................................................... 24 3.1. Pharmaceuticals ................................................................................................... 24 3.2. EDCs ................................................................................................................ 36 3.3. Polar pesticides ................................................................................................ 48 3.4. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)................................................................... 66 3.5. UV-Filters ........................................................................................................ 78 3.6. Illicit drugs ....................................................................................................... 89 3.7. Emerging halogenated flame retardants......................................................... 101 3.8. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs).............................................................. 105 4. Hazard quotients (HQ) ......................................................................................... 112 5. Conclusions and future trends trends ................................................................... 114 References .................................................................................................................... 115 Annex I. Limits of detection in water and sediments for the selected analytes ........... 119 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Annex II. EC50 for fish, Daphnia (Daphnia magna) and algae for the most ubiquitous
contaminants detected in the four River basin. ............................................................ 129 Annex III. PNEC for fish, Daphnia (Daphnia magna) and algae for the most ubiquitous
contaminants detected in the four River basin. ............................................................ 142 Annex IV. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of the
studied contaminants in water, sediment and biota of the four Mediterranean River
Basins ........................................................................................................................... 155 Annex V. Hazar quotients (HQ) ................................................................................... 295 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Figure captions Figure 1. Location of the sampling points at the Llobregat River Basin........................ 17 Figure 2. Location of the sampling points at the Ebro River Basin ............................... 19 Figure 3. Location of the sampling points at the Jucar River Basin............................... 20 Figure 4. Location of the sampling points at the Guadalquivir River Basin .................. 21 Figure 5. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in water of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 28 Figure 6. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in sediments of
Llobregat River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. .................................. 29 Figure 7. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in water of Ebro
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 30 Figure 8. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in sediment of Ebro
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 31 Figure 9. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in water of Jucar
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 32 Figure 10. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in sediment of
Júcar River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns .......................................... 33 Figure 11. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in water of
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns ............................. 34 Figure 12. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in sediment of
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns ............................. 35 Figure 13. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of Llobregat River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns ............................................................. 40 Figure 14. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 41 Figure 15. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of EbroRiver Basin
in each samplig point in both campaigns........................................................................ 42 Figure 16. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns ............................................................. 43 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Figure 17. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of Jucar River Basin
in each samplig point in both campaigns........................................................................ 44 Figure 18. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 45 Figure 19. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 46 Figure 20. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 47 Figure 21. Frequency (%) of each pesticide group in each river basin .......................... 48 Figure 22. Frequency of triazines in the 4 River Basins during 2010 ............................ 49 Figure 23. Frequency of organophosphorus in waters of the 4 River Basins during 2010
........................................................................................................................................ 50 Figure 24 Frequency of carbamates and ureas in the 4 River Basins during 2010 ........ 50 Figure 25. Frequency of miscellaneous pesticides in the 4 River Basins during 2010 .. 51 Figure 26. Cummulative concentration of each Pesticide class in water of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 57 Figure 27. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in sediment of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 58 Figure 28. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in water of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 59 Figure 29. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in sediment of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns ............................................................. 60 Figure 30. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in water of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 61 Figure 31. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in sediment of Jucar
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 62 Figure 32. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in fish of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point............................................................................................ 63 Figure 33. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in water of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 64 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Figure 34. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in sediment of
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................ 65 Figure 35. Cummulative concentration of each PFCs class in water of Llobregat River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 70 Figure 36. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Llobregat River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 71 Figure 37. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Ebro River Basin
in each samplig point in both campaigns........................................................................ 72 Figure 38. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in sediment of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 73 Figure 39. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Jucar River Basin
in each samplig point in both campaigns........................................................................ 74 Figure 40. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in sediment of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 75 Figure 41. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 76 Figure 42. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in sediment of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 77 Figure 43. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 81 Figure 44. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in sediment of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 82 Figure 45. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 83 Figure 46. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in sediment of Ebro
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 84 Figure 47. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns ............................................................. 85 Figure 48. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in sediment of Jucar
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 86 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Figure 49. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 87 Figure 50. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in sediment of
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................ 88 Figure 51. Percentage of contaminated samples in 2011 according to the type of illicit
drug in each River Basin ................................................................................................ 89 Figure 52. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in water of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 93 Figure 53. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in sediment of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 94 Figure 54. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in water of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 95 Figure 55. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in sediment of Ebro
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 96 Figure 56. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drugs class in water of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. ............................................................ 97 Figure 57. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in sediment of Jucar
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 98 Figure 58. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in water of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.................................................... 99 Figure 59. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in sediment of
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns. .......................... 100 Figure 60. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in sediments of Llobregat River
Basin in each samplig point.......................................................................................... 103 Figure 61. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in water of Ebro River Basin in
each samplig point. ....................................................................................................... 103 Figure 62. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in water of Júcar River Basin in
each samplig point. ....................................................................................................... 104 Figure 63. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in water of Guadalquivir River
Basin in each samplig point.......................................................................................... 104 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Figure 64. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point................................................................................ 108 Figure 65. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point.......................................................................................... 109 Figure 66. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of Jucar River
Basin in each samplig point.......................................................................................... 110 Figure 67. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point................................................................................ 111 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Table captions Table 1. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in waters of the Llobregat River Basin.............................................. 155 Table 2. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in waters of the Ebro River Basin...................................................... 160 Table 3. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in waters of the Jucar River Basin ..................................................... 166 Table 4. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin ........................................ 171 Table 5. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin ........................................ 176 Table 6. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Ebro River Basin ................................................ 181 Table 7. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Jucar River Basin ............................................... 186 Table 8. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin................................... 191 Table 9. Maximum concentrations (ng/g, dry weight) of pharmaceuticals detected in
four river basins in the Iberian Peninsula ..................................................................... 196 Table 10. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in waters of the Llobregat River Basin......................................................................... 197 Table 11. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in waters of the Ebro River Basin................................................................................. 199 Table 12. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in waters of the Jucar River Basin ................................................................................ 201 Table 13. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin ................................................................... 203 Table 14. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin ................................................................... 205 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Table 15. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in sediments of the Ebro River Basin ........................................................................... 207 Table 16. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in sediments of the Jucar River Basin .......................................................................... 209 Table 17. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of EDCs
in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin.............................................................. 211 Table 18. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
Pesticides in waters of the Llobregat River Basin........................................................ 213 Table 19. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
Pesticides in waters of the Ebro River Basin................................................................ 216 Table 20. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
Pesticides in waters of the Jucar River Basin ............................................................... 219 Table 21. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
Pesticides in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin .................................................. 222 Table 22. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
Pesticides in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin .................................................. 226 Table 23. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pesticides in sediment of the Ebro River Basin............................................................ 230 Table 24. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pesticides in sediment of the Jucar River Basin ........................................................... 233 Table 25. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of
pesticides in sediment of the Guadalquivir River Basin .............................................. 236 Table 26. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in waters of the Llobregat River Basin......................................................................... 239 Table 27. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in waters of the Ebro River Basin................................................................................. 242 Table 28. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in waters of the Jucar River Basin ................................................................................ 244 Table 29. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in water of the Guadalquivir River Basin..................................................................... 246 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Table 30. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin ................................................................... 248 Table 31. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in sediments of the Ebro River Basin ........................................................................... 250 Table 32. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in sediments of the Jucar River Basin .......................................................................... 252 Table 33. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of PFCs
in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin.............................................................. 254 Table 34. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in waters of the Llobregat River Basin .............................................................. 256 Table 35. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in waters of the Ebro River Basin ...................................................................... 257 Table 36. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in waters of the Jucar River Basin...................................................................... 258 Table 37. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin ......................................................... 259 Table 38. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin ......................................................... 260 Table 39. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in sediments of the Ebro River Basin................................................................. 261 Table 40. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in sediments of the Júcar River Basin ................................................................ 262 Table 41. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of UVfilters in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin ................................................... 263 Table 42. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in waters of the Llobregat River Basin............................................................... 264 Table 43. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in waters of the Ebro River Basin....................................................................... 266 Table 44. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in waters of the Júcar River Basin ...................................................................... 268 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Table 45. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin ......................................................... 270 Table 46. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin ......................................................... 272 Table 47. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in sediments of the Ebro River Basin ................................................................. 274 Table 48. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in sediments of the Jucar River Basin ................................................................ 276 Table 49. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of illicit
drugs in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin.................................................... 278 Table 50. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of FRs in
sediments of Llobregat River Basin in 2010 ................................................................ 280 Table 51. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of FRs in
sediments of Ebro River Basin in 2010 ........................................................................ 280 Table 52. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of FRs in
sediments of Júcar River Basin in 2010 ....................................................................... 281 Table 53. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of FRs in
sediments of Guadalquivir River Basin in 2010........................................................... 282 Table 54. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of POPs
in sediments of Llobregat River Basin ......................................................................... 283 Table 55. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of POPs
in sediments of Ebro River Basin ................................................................................. 286 Table 56. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of POPs
in sediments of Jucar River Basin ................................................................................ 289 Table 57. Minimum and maximum concentration, mean levels and frequency of POPs
in sediments of Guadalquivir River Basin.................................................................... 292 Table 58. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish, Daphnia and algae for the different chemical
compounds and campaigns in the Llobregat River ...................................................... 295 Table 59. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish, Daphnia and algae for the different chemical
compounds and campaigns in the Ebro River .............................................................. 313 Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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Table 60. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish, Daphnia and algae for the different chemical
compounds and campaigns in the Jucar River.............................................................. 328 Table 61. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish, Daphnia and algae for the different chemical
compounds and campaigns in the Guadalquivir River................................................. 342 .
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The WP4. QUALITY of the SCARCE project is aimed at linking the effects of chemical
quality and environmental stressors on biodiversity and human risks. This work
package wants to put together new environmental risks derived from water scarcity
and, particularly, on how this scarcity can be critical in affecting water pollution because
of lowered dilution capacity of chemicals. This has been done by determining the real
presence of priority and emerging toxicants in Mediterranean river ecosystems in the
Iberian Peninsula. This report outlines the results and describes the occurrence of
priority and emerging pollutants in water courses and predicts future trends in terms of
presence and ecotoxicological effects. Altogether, more than 400 compounds
belonging to different chemical classes have been monitoring twice in consecutive
years (2010 and 2011) to establish spatial and temporal trends. Although chemical
multistressors are generally at trace levels in the aquatic environments, chronic
exposure at low doses may pose a threat for the aquatic biota and the human health,
which needs to be established. In a subsequent step, the effects of chemical on the
biota (algae and bacteria, macroinvertebrates and fishes) are assessed by calculating
the hazard quotient indexes. Hazard quotient indexes have been estimated as the ratio
between concentrations and predicted non-environmental effect concentrations
(PNEC) reported values, for three bioassays commonly used in environmental
toxicology, namely, fish, Daphnia and algae. These harzard quotients are obtained for
minimum, maximum and mean concentration of all the compounds present in each
sampling campaign.
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1. Introduction Water resources in Spain are subjected to rising pressures, related to increasing
human population, expressed by accelerated land use changes, and the contrasting
climate characteristic of Mediterranean countries (Bangash et al. 2012; Doñ 2012;
Navarro-Ortega et al. 2012; Tekken et al. 2013). Population growth, pollution and
climate change, all accelerating, are likely to combine to produce a drastic decline in
water supply in the coming decades (Hadjikaku et al. 2013; Terrado et al. 2013). This
situation will affect, among others, the emergence of new synthetic contaminants and
the occurrence of the already recognized as priority because of the lower dilution
capacity of the water systems (Jurado et al. 2012; Aristi-Diez et al. 2012). At the
European level, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Commission
(Council of the European Communities, 2000) demands for a good ecological status of the
European surface waters. To obtain this goal, extensive monitoring programmes have
to be implemented to ascertain the actual status of river water in European river basins.
The SCARCE project, among other objectives, will predict new environmental risks
derived from water scarcity. This has been done by determining the real presence of
priority and emerging toxicants in Mediterranean river ecosystems in the Iberian
Peninsula. Objective compiled within the SCARCE in the WP4 project. QUALITY.Linking the effects of chemical quality and environmental stressors on biodiversity and
human risks (Navarro-Ortega et al. 2012).
The very few previous studies performed in the Iberian Peninsula on the
occurrence of emerging pollutants have shown contamination levels of, for instance,
pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse, higher in general than in other larger European
basins (Esteban et al. 2012; Gonzalez et al. 2010; Ginebreda et al. 2010; LopezRoldan et al. 2010; Lopez-Serna et al. 2012; Lopez-Serna et al. 2013; Ortiz-García et
al. 2013, Silva et al. 2011; Valcarcel et al. 2011). The main source of most pollutants in
the aquatic environment is the discharge of sewage treatment plants (STPs). Under
drought situations the STP effluents may represent almost 100% of the total flow of the
rivers, showing potential hazardous consequences for the biota (including human) and
the ecosystem. This situation is of special concern in the industrialized areas of the
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Mediterranean region, where scenarios of water scarcity can worsen the existing
effects of human pressure.
Within this task, the analysis of a broad spectrum of priority and emerging
pollutants in water has been performed using the most advanced analytical techniques
(primarily HPLC-MS/MS but also GC-MS/MS). The data generated from this general
monitoring sampling are now collected in a common database based on the idea to
provide a platform to exchange data between the different work packages. Results will
not be limited to establish the occurrence, but to feed the understanding of WP
PROCESS and together with those of WPs DATA, HYDROL and MORPH will
contribute to form the basis of WPs UPSCALE, SERVICES and FRAME.
This Deliverable 4.1. Occurrence of priority and emerging pollutants in
watercourses and prediction of future trends in terms of presence and
ecotoxicological effects outlines the results of the two consecutive years monitoring
campaigns carried out in four representative watersheds in Spain following a northsouth transect have been selected as case studies, namely, Llobregat, Ebro, Júcar,
and Guadalquivir, thus covering a substantial area of the Mediterranean Spain, and
including a wide enough spectrum of spatial scales, ecological and socio-economic
scenarios. In a subsequent step, the effects of chemical on the biota (algae and
bacteria, macroinvertebrates and fishes) are assessed by calculating the hazard
quotient indexes and the hazard indexes. This will allow to forecast the future
scenarios.
2. Experimental 2.1.Study sites Llobregat
The Llobregat river is the second longest river in Catalonia, with a total length over 170
kilometers. The river is heavily managed in its lower course and water that was
previously flowed into the sea is now pumped upstream to increase the natural flow,
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recharge the delta wetlands and control seawater incursion. This river is one of
Barcelona’s major drinking water resources (Catalonia, NE Spain).
The Llobregat receives extensive urban and industrial waste water discharges as well
as surface runoff from agricultural areas that cannot be diluted by its natural flow.
Consequently,
waters
have
high
concentration
of
pesticides,
surfactants,
pharmaceuticals and estrogenic compounds with important effects on the biological
communities.
As a typical Mediterranean river is regularly subjected to periodic floods and droughts
which lead to frequent morphological variations in the river bed. Nowadays, it receives
inputs from various sewage treatment plants, which may be relevant during periods of
water scarcity. These events result in reduced water flow and dilution capacity,
increasing the potential environmental risk of pollutants to the immediate environment
and potentially to the functioning of the entire ecosystem. The following 14 sampling
sites have been selected along the Llobregat river basin (Figure 1) in them water and
sediments were taken:
LLO1
LLO2
CAR1
CAR2
CAR3
CAR4
LLO3
LLO4
ANO1
LLO5
ANO2
LLO6
ANO3
LLO7
Figure 1. Location of the sampling points at the Llobregat River Basin
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In these 14 points, water and sediment samples were collected for two consecutive
years 2010 and 2011. In addition in the sampling sites LLO3, LLO4, LLO5, LLO6 and
LLO7 several fish samples were taken. Fish samples were only taken in 2010 at five
selected sites of each River course. Fish samples were collected using electro-fishing
for these place needs to be fordable then, not all the points were selected. The fish
species were selected as much as possible following the Environmental Quality
Standards Directive 2008/105/EC (EQSD, 2009). However, due to scarcity of fish in the
rivers was only possible to base the selection of the species in its abundance, thus, the
ease of capture was the most decisive factor. The fish was only sampled in 2010
because the complexity of the basins, the difficulties to perform electrofishing, the small
sample size obtained and the lack of positive results
Ebro
The Ebro river is the most important river in Spain, 928 km in length and with a
drainage basin of 85,550 km². It also generates the Ebro Delta, one of the largest
wetland areas (320 km²) in the western Mediterranean region. The modern delta is in
intensive agricultural use for rice, fruit (in particular citrus), and vegetables.
A large part of the delta was designated as Ebro Delta Natural Park in 1983 (Parc
Natural del Delta de l'Ebre). A network of canals and irrigation ditches constructed by
both agricultural and conservation groups are helping to maintain the ecologic and
economic resources of the Ebro Delta.
The Ebro is largely regulated by dams and channels, which have altered its
hydrological and sedimentary regime. During the 20th Century the mean annual flow
has also decreased by approximately 30%, due to the construction of these dams but
also the increasing demands for irrigation and the evaporation from reservoirs in the
river basins.
Abstraction of ground and surface water, irrigation and industrial activities concentrated
close to the main cities in the basin have also deteriorated soil and water quality, where
pollution is relevant. The following sampling sites have been selected along the Ebro
river basin:
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EBR1
Reference OCA
Contamination
gradient
Gasteiz
ZAD
EBR2
EBR3
Logroño
EBR4
NAJ
Pamplona
ARG
Reference
Tudela
EBR5
Sabiñánigo
GAL1
CIN1
Huesca
Hydraulic impact
HUE
GAL2
Zaragoza
EBR6
ESE
Reference MAR
Reference
Monzón
CIN2
Lleida
SEG
MAT
Hydraulic impact
RS
ALG
EBR7
Tortosa EBR8
Contamination
gradient
EBR9
Figure 2. Location of the sampling points at the Ebro River Basin
In the sampling points EBR2, EBR3, EBR4, EBR5 and OCA in addition to water and
sediment samples several fish samples were taken.
Jucar
The Júcar river basin is located in the east of Spain. It has an area of 21,632km2, a
main stream length of approximately 500km, and an average precipitation of 510
mm/year. Urban water use is 118.64hm3/year for 1,030,979 people, and irrigated area
is 187,855ha, consuming 1,394hm3/year. It is a much regulated basin, with a total
reservoir capacity of 2,643 hm3.
The system contains a shallow lake called Albufera (2,300ha), with an associated
wetland (23,000ha), that is in the RAMSAR list of wetlands, and depends on the return
flows from irrigation areas, and also on groundwater flows from the coastal aquifer
beneath the plain. The management of the system is very complex, with many users,
and considerable hydrologic variability. The main problems are those typical of
semiarid zones with an intensive water use: morphological alterations in rivers, natural
flow regime inversion, low flows in some sections, aquifers overexploitation, and
contamination that affect wetlands, some river stretches and reservoirs. In the medium
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part of the basin, irrigation activities are increasing nitrate concentrations in
groundwater and, consequently, also in surface water. In the lower part of the river a
great part of urbanized, industrial, and agricultural pressures are located, therefore
water quality decreases. The Júcar basin was designated as a European Pilot River
Basin for the implementation of the WFD.
Figure 3. Location of the sampling points at the Jucar River Basin
Furthermore, in the sampling points JUC1, JUC2, JUC4, JUC5 and JUC6 several fish
samples were taken.
Guadalquivir:
With a length of 657 km, the Guadalquivir is, together with its tributaries, the main
water source of the region with more than 7 millions inhabitants. As a consequence of
such a high population, the river receives many inputs, from both natural and
anthropogenic origin, that may cause deterioration of water quality. The river is
navigable up as far as Seville (about 90 km upstream), a major inland port. But this
navigation also leads to a serious environmental problem due to erosion and pollution.
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The lower Guadalquivir river basin is also impacted by reservoirs and dams and its
regime is rather artificial. Besides, more than 700,000 Has of its basin are devoted to
agriculture, with very high production of rice, especially in the river’s lower course that
traverses extensive marshlands, olives or fruits, with the corresponding environmental
effects in the river. Its natural environment is one of the most varied in Europe,
containing representatives of half of the continent’s plant species and nearly all those
of the North African region. The estuary has an added ecological value due to the
presence of the Doñana National Park, an important and protected wetland area, but
has been subjected to relevant transformations and suffers from metal inputs.
Figure 4. Location of the sampling points at the Guadalquivir River Basin
In the sampling points GUA1, GUA2, GUA3, GUA4 and GUA 5 several fish samples
were also taken.
2.2. Analytes and analytical methods Two types of analytes were covered in this study
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•
Priority compounds according to Directives 76/464/CEE and 2455/2001/EC
(already monitored, data available) – to study temporal trends (data obtained in
this study can be compared with the already existing historical data)
•
Emerging contaminants (not monitored, no data available) – to determine the
extent of contamination, identify the main sources of contamination (diffuse vs.
point source), identify contaminants posing main hazard
The analytical methods are based on state-of-art techniques such as solid phaseextraction (SPE) on-line or off-line, solvent extraction or pressurized liquid extraction
(PLE), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with normal or
high resolution and GC/MS
•
Persistent organic pollutants (19 organochlorinated compounds (DDT and
metabolites, chlorobenzenes), 1 priority pesticide, 13 PCBs, and 16 PAHs) GC-MS-MS
•
Pharmaceuticals
(80
compounds
in
water,
48
in
sediment/biota)
LC-MS-MS
•
Drugs of abuse (16 compounds) LC-MS-MS
•
Polar pesticides (24 compounds) LC-MS-MS
•
Endocrine disrupting compunds (estrogens (10), alquilfenolics (6), phthalates
(3),
bisphenol
A,
triclosan,
parabens
(3),
UV
filters
(12))
LC-MS-MS
•
Perfluorinated compunds (14) LC-MS-MS
•
Flame retardants (11 PBDEs + HBCD + DeBDethane) GC-MS
A detailed list of the contaminants together with the limits of detection in the analyzed
matrices (water, sediments and in some cases fish) is provided in Annex I.
2.3. Hazard quotients Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n,
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In order to estimate the environmental risk posed by the studied contaminants on River
Basins, the WFD states the convenience of assessment using taxa of three different
representative trophic levels of the ecosystem, such as algae, daphnids and fish.
Therefore, following these guidelines, the hazard quotients (HQ) associated to the most
representative contaminants found in the Llobregat, Ebro, Jucar and Guadalquivir
Rivers were determined. PNEC values were estimated for (a) fish, (b) daphnids and (c)
algae from data literature on acute or, if possible, cronic toxicity. Specifically, dividing
EC50 values by an arbitrary safety factor, in this case, typically 1000, PNEC were
derived (Sanderson et al. 2004, 2004). EC50 values used in this study were collected
from the literature and are summarized in Annex II. It is worth noting that when more
than one EC50 value was found, the lowest values were taken into consideration.
When no experimental values were available, the EC50 estimated with ECOSAR has
been used, as reported (Sanderson et al. 2004, 2003).
Hazard quotient hqij associated to compound j in the i measurement is given by the
following expression:
where cij is the concentration of compound
j
in a river basin i and PNECj is the
‘Predicted Non-Effect Concentration’ for compound j, as described above:
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3. Occurrence of contaminants The data on each particular emerging and priority contaminants in each
sampling point are in the SCARCE Database, which was created to manage results of
sampling in the SCARCE project and is available through the intranet at the website
http://www.scarceconsolider.es .
3.1. Pharmaceuticals Tables 1,2,3 and 4 in the Annex IV show the minimum, maximum, mean as well
as the frequency of detection in water samples of the four River Basin in the two
sampling campaigns and Tables 5,6,7 and 8 also in the Annex IV outline the same for
sediment samples. The frequency of pharmaceuticals was high in water and sediment
samples of the four river basins being present in almost all the samples analysed.
Concerning therapeutic groups (Table 1,2,3 and 4 of Annex IV), anti-inflammatory
drugs were generally the most ubiquitous compounds in water and the therapeutic
group with the highest total concentration along the river section studied and
throughout the monitoring campaigns.
Comparing the four different river basins, concentrations were higher in
Llobregat and Ebro Rivers (see Figures 5-8, pp. 27-30), followed by those of the
Guadalquivir River (Figures 11 and 12, pp 33-34) and finally those of the Júcar River
(Figures 9 and 10, pp 31-23), that were the lowest ones. Concentrations in sediments
were always lower than those found in waters.
The maximum values in the Llobregat waters were for iopromide (an X-ray
contrast agent) (1370 ng/L), hydrochlorotriaazide (a diuretic) (793 ng/L) and valsartan
(an antihypertensive) (699 ng/L). The maximum values in the Llobregat sediments
were for sertraline (69 ng/g d.w.), azithromycin (23 ng/g d.w.) and ketoprofen (21 ng/g
d.w). The detection frequencies and the mean concentration of pharmacuticals were
generally higher in 2010 than those in 2011. The differences in concentration between
2010 and 2011 could be related to different temperatures. For instance, higher
concentrations of acid drug residues have been measured in wintertime than in other
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seasons for Aura STP effluent and the receiving Aura River in Finland, and attributed
this case to the lower biodegradation due to the cold weather (Peng et al. 2008). Other
more probably explanation assuming that the discharges of wastewater containing the
investigated pharmaceuticals were relatively constant through the year, the dilution
factor by rainfall seems to be an important cause of the occurrence variations of the
pharmaceuticals in waters of the Llobregat River. A smaller dilution effect when the
flow of the river is low may have resulted in the increased concentrations and detection
frequencies. The dilution effect of water flow on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals
contaminants was also reported for the stream waters, drinking water and reclaimed
wastewater in the USA and China (Peng et al. 2008). However, if the river flow data are
considered, in 2010 the flow of the River was high while in 2011 it was medium-low.
High flow situation could be related with an increase of pharmaceutical products in
water due to the low capacity of WWTP to treat higher amounts of water. On the spatial
distribution (see Figures. 5 and 6, pp. 27-28), a concentration gradient is observed
through the river and its tributaries through the River mounth. The concentrations and
the frequency are similar to those reported in previous studies (Cabeza et al. 2012;
Osorio et al. 2012; Proia et al 2013; Vazquez-Roig et al. 2012).
In the Ebro River water, the compounds showing highest concentration and
frequency of detection were ibuprofen (max conc. 867,82 ng/L), atenolol (max conc.
605,26
ng/L)
and
hydrochlorothiadiazide
(max
conc.
574,17
ng/L).
Other
pharmaceutical showing high average concentrations were the psiquiatric drug
lorazepam (up to 305 ng/L) and the hypertensives ibersartan (up to 347.95 and 220
ng/L) and losartan (up to 220 ng/L). Following these medicinal classes, other significant
and ubiquitous groups were analgesics as acetaminophen, diclofenac, naproxen and
propifenazone and antibiotics (azitromycin). The highest concentrations were detected
at ARG, EBR6, HUE, SEG and ZAD Generally, the highest concentrations were
detected in samples collected downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs),
showing that WWTP effluents are major contributor of pharmaceuticals in the river.
The highest concentrations in sediments were measured for ketoprofen (21,47
ng/g d.w), and ofloxacin (11 ng/ g d.w.). The other compounds were found at
concentrations below 10 ng/g d.w. Sediment samples collected at ESE and NAJ
showed highest total concentrations of pharmaceuticals. Generally, the most
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contaminated samples (of both water and sediment) were collected at small tributary
rivers adjacent to the WWTP discharges, with low river flow rates and therefore low
dilution of discharged effluents.
The concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the Ebro waters were, as in the
Llobregat, higher in 2010 than in 2011 (the river flow was medium in 2010 and low in
2011). The explanation can be the same as for the Llobregat River, the low capacity of
WWTP to treat higher amounts of water.. However, the situation is reverse in the case
of sediments and the concentrations found in 2011 were higher. In this case, low flow
(reported in 2011) is related with an increase of pharmaceutical concentrations in
sediments; probably due to the favoured adsorption at low water flows. Other results of
this survey are in agreement with previous studies carried out in the Ebro River Basin
(Lopez-Serna et al. 2012; Lopez-Serna et al. 2013).
In Jucar River, water samples present much lower concentrations than
Llobregat or Ebro In general, concentrations found were lower than 100 ng/L. The
highest concentrations were found for the antiinflamatory ketoprofen (up to 128 ng/L),
the antibiotic ofloxacin (up to 145 ng/L), and the veterinary antiparasitic thiabendazole
(up to 75.6 ng/L). The distribution of the pharmaceuticals in the different points
sampled was quite erratic and the points where the highest concentrations were
detected varied from one to other campaign (see Figure 9, pag. 31)
Sediment samples have concentrations similar to those reported in Llobregat
and Ebro Rivers. The highest concentrations were measured for the antiinflamatory
ketoprofen (up to 22,08 ng/g d.w.), the veterinary antiparasitic thiabendazole (28,81
ng/g d.w.), and the antibacterials, ciprofloxacin (up to 11.12 ng/g d.w.) and ofloxacin
(up to 11.39 ng/g d.w.). The distribution of the pharmaceuticals in the different sampling
points was almost constant.
Considering the temporal distribution, the Jucar River Basin showed contrarily
to what happened in the Llobregat and Ebro rivers, the highest concentrations of
pharmaceuticals for both water and sediments in the 2011 campaign. The Jucar River
water flow is regulated by dams and is not different between years. Then, differences
are probably due to other factors as lower run-off and higher input of WWTP effluents.
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The behaviour of the Guadalquivir River is similar to that observed for the Jucar.
In general, concentrations found in water were lower than 100 ng/L. The highest
concentrations were found for the antiinflamatories naproxen (up to 115,79 ng/L) and
diclofenac (59,58 ng/L) and the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (up to 77,33 ng/L),. The
distribution of the pharmaceuticals in the different points sampled was also quite erratic
and the points were the highest concentrations were detected varied from one to other
campaign (see Figure 11, pp.33).
Sediment samples have concentrations similar in all river basins. In general,
concentrations found in sediment were lower than 10 ng/g d.w. The highest
concentrations were measured for the antiinflamatory ketoprofen (up to 22,02 ng/g
d.w.), the antibacterials ofloxacin (up to 11.39 ng/g d.w.) and the psiquiatric drug
trazodone (11,98 g/g d.w.). The distribution of the pharmaceuticals in the different
sampling points was almost constant.
The temporal distribution of pharmaceuticals in the Guadalquivir River in both
campaigns was equivalent as the Jucar River Basin and contrarily to what had
happened in the Llobregat and Ebro rivers, the highest concentrations of
pharmaceuticals were found for both water and sediments in the 2011 campaign.
Results from the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in fish collected from
Ebro, Llobregat, Júcar and Guadalquivir are presented in Table 9
of Annex IV.
Psychiatric drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and β-blockers were
the most prevalent compounds in the three fish species. Maximum levels were found in
the most polluted sites of the rivers, where maximum concentrations were found for
anti-inflammatory diclofenac (15.4 ± 0.1 ng/g), psychiatric drugs citalopram (1.4 ± 0.3
ng/g), and venlafaxine (0.6 ± 0.02 ng/g), and β-blocker propanolol (4.2 ± 0.2 ng/g).
These findings are consistent with other studies that detected the presence of
pharmaceuticals in freshwater fish, which reported for the first time concentrations of
some psychiatric drugs in the low ng/g level (Chu & Metcalfe, 2007; Lajeunesse et al.
2011).
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Analgesics and anti‐inflamatories
Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
Cardilvascular drugs
Histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists
Figure 5. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in water of
Llobregat River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
Figure 6. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in sediments
of Llobregat River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
Ebro River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
Figure 8. Cummulative concentration of each pharmaceutical class in sediment
of Ebro River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
Jucar River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
of Júcar River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Anticoagulant
Antihistaminics
Antiplatelet agent
Diuretic
Antibiotics
Anti‐diabetic
Antihypertensive
of Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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3.2. EDCs EDCs have been analysed in water and sediment. There is no data available on
biota. The minimum, maximum and mean values together with the frequency of
detection for 2010 and 2011 is reported in Tables 10, 11, 12 and 13 of Annex IV for the
waters of the Llobregat, Ebro, Jucar and Guadalquivir Rivers, respectively. The same
information is reported in Tables 14, 15, 16 and 17 of Annex IV for the sediments. The
cumulative concentration in each sample point for both campaigns in water is shown in
Figures 13, 15, 17 and 19 (pp. 39,41,43 and 45, respectively) and in sediments in
Figures 14, 16, 18 and 20 (pp. 40,42,44 and 46, respectively) for each respective river
basin.
The 31 EDCs selected as target analytes for this study were detected, at least,
in one sample. These compounds are almost equally distributed between water and
sediments. The most ubiquitious and also those that present the higher concentration
were
the
caffeine,
alkylphenolic
compounds,
the
anticorrosives
and
the
organophosphorus flame retardants. Of the others, only antiseptics appear at high
concentrations in some sporadic samples. Comparing the four different river basins,
concentrations were higher in Llobregat and Ebro Rivers, followed by those of the
Guadalquivir River and finally those of the Júcar River, which were the lowest ones.
In the Llobregat waters nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), octylphenol
monocarboxylate (OP1EC), octylphenol monoethoxylate (OP1EO), diethylstilbestol
(DES), estradiol 17-glucoronide (E2-17G), estradiol 16-glucuronide (E3-16G), estradiol
3-sulfate (E3-3S), estrone 3-glucuronide (E1-3G), estrone 3-sulfate (E1-3S) and ethinyl
estradiol (EE2) were not found in the samples. Curiosly, in the Llobregat sediments,
octylphenol monoethoxylate (OP1EO), estradiol 17-glucoronide (E2-17G), estradiol 3sulfate (E3-3S), estrone 3-glucuronide (E1-3G), estrone 3-sulfate (E1-3S) and ethinyl
estradiol (EE2) were detected in a few samples. These compounds are all of them
highly polar, in fact the conjugation with glucuronic acid or with sulfates are part of the
type II reactions of the human metabolism in order to transform xenobiotics in more
polar compounds to eliminate them from the organism by urine. The maximum values
in water were for the anticorrosives -tolytriazol (TT) (7017 ng/L) and 1H-benzotriazole
(BT) (1623 ng/L)-, caffeine (1221 ng/L) and an organophosphorus flame retardant
[tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (1117 ng/L). The maximum values in sediments were for
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1H-benzotriazole (BT) (an anticorrosive) (641,79 ng/g d.w.), nonylphenol (NP) (an
alkylphenolic compound) (470 ng/g d.w.) and triclosan (an antiseptic) (343 ng/g d.w.).
The detection frequencies and the mean concentration of EDCs were slightly higher in
2010 than those in 2011. On the spatial distribution, a concentration gradient is
observed through the river and its tributaries through the River mounth. The highest
concentrations were located in the southeast part (ANO2, ANO3, LLO5, LLO6 and
LLO7). That could be related with the concentration of several industries. The
cocentrations of EDCs were higher in 2011 than in 2010 but just because a very high
concentration of anticorrosives was detected in LLO7. In this case, seems that
concentrations are negatively correlated to low water flow. This is probably due to a low
dilution capacity. Concentration in sediment was slightly higher in 2010 and the highest
concentration (also because the anticorrosives) was detected in CAR4. This could be
because these compounds are quite apolar and tend to accumulate in sediments, even
through high river flow produce a dilution effect in water. It should be also noted that in
this case only punctual samples were taken and sediment concentration’s could reflect
sporadic increase in water concentrations prior to the sampling.
In the Ebro River water, only NP1EO and 1OP1EC were not detected in any
sample. The compounds showing highest concentration and frequency of detection
were again the anticorrosives BT (max conc. 1201 ng/L) and TT (max conc. 1540
ng/L), the caffeine (up to 3237 ng/L) and organophosphorus flame retardant, TCEP
(max conc. 2394 ng/L). Another EDC showing high concentration was the alkylphenolic
compound NP1EC (up to 1028 ng/L). The highest concentrations were detected in
2010 at ARG and ZAG and in 2011 at ARG, HUE, OCA, SEG and ZAG. As for
pharmaceuticals, the sampling point at HUE is one of the most important black spots of
this river basin.
The concentrations of EDCs in the Ebro waters were, as in the
Llobregat, higher in 2011 than in 2010. However, the situation is reverse in the case of
sediments and the concentrations found in 2010 were higher. The trend is quite
opposite to that observed for pharmaceuticals. Probably, because EDCs were not so
related to the WWTP effluents as pharmaceuticals. In addition, pharmaceuticals have a
almost unique urban or agricultural origin. Instead, the EDCs can come from industrial
activity,
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In sediments, NP1EO, 1OP1EC and E13S were not detected. The highest
concentrations in sediments were measured for nonylphenol (NP) (1693 ng/g d.w),
methylparaben (435 ng/ g d.w.), triclosan (163 ng/g d.w.) and TCCP (459 ng/g d.w.).
The other compounds were found at concentrations mostly below 10 ng/g d.w.
Sediment samples collected at HUE and ZAD showed highest total concentrations of
EDCs. On the contrary to the trend in waters, in sediments the concentrations in 2010
were higher than in 2011.
In Jucar River, water samples present slightly lower concentrations than those
detected in Llobregat or Ebro River Basins. The highest concentrations were found for
the alkylphenolic compound NP1EC (up to 790 ng/L), the anticorrosives BT (up to 450
ng/L) and TT (up to 391 ng/L), the organophosphorus flame retardant TCCP (up to 893
ng/L) and the caffeine (up to 1644 ng/L). The distribution of the EDCs through the river
course is atypical. Higher values of EDCs were found nearest of the source in both
tributaries of the Jucar River, Cabriel and Magro. On the contrary, increase on the
EDCs concentration through the mounth can be observed in the Jucar River. Aside
from that, there are, particularly in 2011 campaigns, two points at CAB4 and JUC4 that
showed the highest concentrations.
Sediment samples have also concentrations lower than those reported in
Llobregat and Ebro Rivers. The highest concentration was for the alkylphenol
compound NP (1034,52 ng/g d.w. in the 2011 campaign). The concentrations of the
other EDCs detected in this River Basin were commonly 100 ng/g d.w., with the
exception of BT (125 ng/g d.w. in the 2010 campaign), methyl paraben (226 ng/g d.w.
in the 2011 campaign) and caffeine (273 ng/g d.w. in the 2011 campaign). On the
spatial distribution, the JUC5 showed in the 2011 campaign the highest cumulative
concentration of EDCs and there is a trend in the Magro tributary to find the highest
concentrations nearer of its source, which is more or less coherent with the data found
in water (Figures 17 and 18, pags. 42 and 43).
Considering the temporal distribution, the Jucar River Basin showed again as in
the case of pharmaceuticals and contrarily to what had happened in the Llobregat and
Ebro rivers, the highest concentrations of pharmaceuticals for sediments in the 2011
campaign. On the contrary, the highest concentration in waters was found in 2010.
However, this comment should be taken carefully because the background
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contamination of these compounds in the rivers was similar in both campaigns with the
exception of the cumulative concentration in some sampling points.
The higher EDC concentrations in the Guadalquivir were found, as in the other
River Basins for the anticorrosives BT (3184 ng/L) and TT (875 ng/L), the alkylphenolic
compound NP1EC (1547 ng/L) and caffeine (1542 ng/L). These main EDCs are
followed closely by other alkylphenolic compounds, such as NP, NP2EO and NP1EO,
and the organophosphorus flame retardants (TCEP, TBEP and TCCP). The distribution
of the EDCs in the different points sampled showed the highest concentration at GUAA
in 2010 and in GUAR in 2011.
In general, concentrations found in sediment were lower than 100 ng/g d.w, with
the exception of alkylphenolic compounds (up to 190 ng/g d.w. for NP), anticorrosive
agents (up to 309 ng/g d.w. for BT) and caffeine (up to 344 ng/g d.w.).
The temporal distribution of pharmaceuticals in the Guadalquivir River showed
the highest concentrations of EDCs for both water and sediments in the 2011
campaign.
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Figure 13. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of Llobregat
River Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Figure 14. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of
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Figure 15. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of EbroRiver
Basin in each samplig point in both campaigns.
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Figure 16. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of Ebro
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Figure 17. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of Jucar River
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Figure 18. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of Jucar
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Figure 19. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in water of
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Figure 20. Cummulative concentration of each EDC class in sediment of
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3.3. Polar pesticides All the water samples contained pesticides. In 2010, of the 43 selected
pesticides,
21 (atrazine, deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine, carbofuran, 3-
hydroxycarbofuran, clorfenviphos, chlorpyriphos, diazinon, diuron, fenthion sulfone,
fenoxonsulfoxide,
hexythiazox,
imazalil,
imidacloprid,
isoproturon,
malathion,
methiocarb, prochloraz, pyriproxyfen, simazine, tolclofos methyl, molinate, omethoate,
dimethoate, propazine, dichlorfenthion, parathion-ethyl, terbuthryn and metolachlor)
were detected at least in one sample. This indicates the extensive and difuse
contamination of surface water by pesticides. In 2011 several new pesticides, such as
carbendazim, thiabendazole, terbumeton and its metabolites, terbuthylazine and its
metabolites and tebuconazole were added to the study. Of these 50 selected
pesticides, 29 were found at least in one sample, confirming the results of the previous
campaign.
On the frequency of appearance of pesticides, the most commonly found
pesticides were organophosphorus, followed by triazines, fungicides and insecticides
belonging to other chemical classes. As an example Figure 21 shows the frequency of
detection in water for each river basin for 2010 campaign.
Figure 21. Frequency (%) of each pesticide group in each river basin
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The pesticide residues pattern is similar in the Ebro, Jucar and Llobregat River
Basins and different in the Guadalquivir River Basin, where the frequency of triazine
herbicides and carbamates is proportionally higher than that of the fungicides and
insecticides belonging to other classes. This could be related to different agricultural
practices in both areas because the fungicides selected for this study were those used
in the post-harvest treatment of apples, pears and citric which are more abundant in
the other catchments.
As an example Figures 22, 23, 24 and 25 summarize the same information for
each particular pesticide in water 2010.
Figure 22. Frequency of triazines in the 4 River Basins during 2010
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Figure 23. Frequency of organophosphorus in waters of the 4 River Basins
during 2010
Figure 24 Frequency of carbamates and ureas in the 4 River Basins during 2010
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Figure 25. Frequency of miscellaneous pesticides in the 4 River Basins during
2010
Pesticides have been analysed in water, sedimentand biota. The minimum,
maximum and mean values together with the frequency of detection for 2010 and 2011
is reported in Tables 18, 19, 20 and 21 of the Annex IV for the waters of the Llobregat,
Ebro, Jucar and Guadalquivir Rivers, respectively. The same information is reported in
Tables 22, 23, 24 and 25 of the Annex IV for the sediments. The cumulative
concentration in each sample point is shown in Figures 26 and 27 (pp.57-58) for water
and sediments of the Llobregat River Basins, in Figures 28 and 29 (pp.59-60) for water
and sediment of the Ebro River Basin, in Figures 30- 32 (pp.61-63)
for water,
sediment and biota of the Jucar River Basin and in Figures 33 and 34 (pp.64-65) for
water and sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin.
These compounds are mostly detected in water. On the contrary, their presence in
sediments is much more intermittent and in biota is really scarce. The most ubiquitious
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and
also
those
that
present
the
higher
concentration
of
pesticides
were
benzimidazoles, organophosphorus, triazines, neonicotinoids and trizaoles. This
pattern changes in the sediments, mostly contaminated by organophosphorus (which
are the studied pesticides with higher Kow) and triazines.
The differences in
concentration between the different rivers basins were negligible. The concentrations
found in sediments were always higher for the 2011 campaign. In water, the
concentrations in the Llobregat and Guadalquivir River were higher in 2011 than in
2010. However, the situation was opposite in the Ebro and Júcar River that showed
noticeable higher concentrations in 2010.
In the Llobregat waters the most frequent pesticides were imazalil, chlorpyriphos and
diazinon that were in 93 % of the samples during 2010 campaigns. The highest
concentration in the 2010 campaign was found for malathion (320,3 ng/L), which was
not found in samples in 2011 campaigns. In this last campaign chlorpyriphos (80 %)
and terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy (70 %) were the most ubiquitous. The maximum
concentrations were found for carbendazim (up to 697 ng/L) and diuron (up to 160
ng/L). On the spatial distribution, the highest concentration in 2010 was found near of
the source in LLO1. On the contrary in 2011, there is a concentration gradient of
pesticides through the mouth that is particulary marked in the Anoia tributary.
In the Llobregat sediments, in the 2010 campaign, only metolachlor, chlorpyriphos,
diazinon and diuron were found. All of them were at low ng/g d.w. level. Differently, in
the
2011
campaign,
carbendazim,
thiabendazole,
chlorpyriphos,
diazinon,
dichlofenthion, terbumeton, terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy, terbuthryn and tebuconazole
were found. Some of these compounds were not analyzed in the previous campaign.
The concentrations of pesticides were also higher this year. The highest concentration
was for chlorpyriphos (130 ng/g d.w.) at the CAR4 (where the Cardener river flows into
the Ebro). The concentration of the other pesticides was also lower than 10 ng/g d.w.
In the Ebro River water, the most frequent pesticides were pyriproxyfen, chlorpyriphos
and diazinon (each one in the 92 % of samples), followed by buprofezin and
hexythiazox (88 % of the samples each), chlorfenvinphos (72 %) and benzimidazoles
–imazalil and prochlora-(68 % each one). The compounds showing highest
concentration were imazalil (up to 410 ng/L), diuron (150 ng/L), deethylatrazine (58,82
ng/L), dimethoate (61,56 ng/L). The highest concentrations were detected in 2010 at
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SEG and ZAG and in 2011 at HUE and SEG. The point at SEG is near Lleida city
where fruit crops are important. In addition to these points a concentration gradient
that increase from the source to the mounth can be observed for Ebro and its different
tributaries. The concentrations of pesticides in the Ebro waters were higher in 2010
than in 2011.
However, the situation is reverse in the case of sediments, were the
concentrations found in 2011 were higher. The highest concentration in 2011 was at
the EBR1 which is near of the Ebro source, followed by NAJ and OCA. No
concentration gradient was observed. Imazalil, prochloraz, chlorpyriphos, diazinon,
dichlofenthion, ethion, malathion, hexythiazox and terbuthryn were the pesticides
found. The highest concentrations in sediments were measured for chlorpyriphos
(36,17 ng/g d.w in 2011), dichlofenthion (28,2 ng/ g d.w. in 2011) and terbutryn (21,26
ng/g d.w. in 2010). The other compounds were found at concentrations mostly below
10 ng/g d.w.
In waters of the Jucar River, the highest concentrations were found for imazalil
(up to 683 ng/L), metolachlor (up to 447 ng/L), thiabendazole (up to 187,36 ng/L) and
chlorfenvinphos (up to 102 ng/L). The distribution of the pesticides through the river
course showed an increasing gradient from the source to the mouth, which is clearer in
2011 than in 2010 probably because of the lower concentration. However, in 2010 in
the tributaries the situation is reversed and the highest concentrations are in the
source. In sediment samples, he highest concentration was for the imazalil (37,28 ng/g
d.w. in the 2011 campaign). The concentrations of the other pesticides detected in this
River Basin were commonly 10 ng/g d.w., with the exception of prochloraz (13,12 ng/g
d.w. in the 2011 campaign), thiabendazole (16,52 ng/g d.w. in 2011), chlorpyriphos
(16,47 ng/g d.w.) and malathion (11,24 ng/g d.w. in 2010). However, the highest
frequency was for chlorpyriphos (100 % of the samples) and buprofezin (100 % of the
samples). On the spatial distribution, The highest concentrations were found near of
the river mouth (JUC7 and JUC8) and in the Magro tributary (MAG1 and MAG2).
Considering the temporal distribution, the Jucar River Basin showed again as in
the case of pharmaceuticals and contrarily to that that happened in the Llobregat and
Ebro rivers, the highest concentrations of pharmaceuticals for sediments in the 2011
campaign. On the contrary, the highest concentration in waters was found in 2010.
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However, this comment should be taken carefully because the background
contamination of these compounds in the rivers was similar in both campaigns with the
exception of the cumulative concentration in some sampling points.
In the Guadalquivir River, regarding the frequency of detection, several
insecticides (pyriproxyphen, chlorpyriphos, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, buprofezin…),
herbicides (terbuthylazine), acaricides (hexythiazox) and fungicides (imazalil) were the
analites detected in most of water samples. For sediment, insecticides diazinon and
chlorpyriphos and fungicide imazalil were the most identified compounds for both
periods. Most common pesticides were triazines followed by organophosphorus and
ureas for both matrixes and campaigns. The very high concentrations of triazines
measured during 2010 to 2011 period could indicate a possible indirect and bad effect
of diuron (urea) prohibition.
The maximum individual concentrations corresponded to methoalachlor (124.43
ng/L in HER) and diazinon (175.45 ng/g dw in YEG) for water and sediment 2010. In
contrast, terbuthyalzine (728 ng/L in GUA-3, 451.88 ng/g dw in PIC) was the analyte
which presented the maximum concentration in water and sediment 2011. All these
concentrations surprassed 100 ng/L, limit established for individual concentrations in
drinking water according to EU legislation (2006/118/EC). Water presents also high
concentrations of other compounds as malathion (116.06 ng/L in 2010); methiocarb
(391.44 ng/L in 2011), diazinon (456.72 ng/ L in 2011) and terbuthylazine (728.00 ng/L
in 2011). Conversely, the less ubiquitous compounds in water samples were
pyriproxiphen (0.27 ng/L) and chlorfenvinphos (0.07 ng/L) for 2010 campaign and
carbendazim (0.57 ng/L) and diazinon (0.66 ng/L) for 2011 campaigns. Furthermore, it
should be pointed out that the highest concentration of metholachlor was focally detect
in only one sample over 100 ng/L in 2010. Average concentrations for individual
pesticides were basically all cases below 100 ng/ L. The only excepcions were
methiocarb (205.52 ng/L), diazinon (115.60 ng/L) and terbuthylazine (126.12 ng/L) in
water samples 2011.
High cumulative levels of pesticides were observed in HER, GUA-3, GUA-2,
GUA-6 and GUA-A sampling sites for water 2010 and GUA-3, YEG, GEN-2 and GUAA points for water 2011. However, YEG and PIC were the most polluted sites for
sediment 2010 and 2011 respectively. The contamination profile was marked by the
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presence of triazines, organophosphorus and ureas mainly, but unusually high levels of
chloroacetanilide were detected in HER during 2010, due to the isolate occurrence of a
concentration of herbicide methoalachlor over the legislated limit in this sample. This
site is located close to Seville city, in an area where the main agricultural activity is the
crop of cereals. GUA-A, GUA-6 and GEN-2 appear like polluted sites because of the
existence of downstream Sevilla WWTP in the first point, downstream military camp
and Morón at the second sampling point and downstream Écija WWTP at the third site.
Some
physico-chemical
properties
of
triazines
are
relevant
for
their
bioaccumulation. These include water solubility and the water–octanol distribution
coefficient (Kow), usually reported in its logarithmic form logKow. Partition of these
compounds between water and octanol roughly approximates their partition between
water and biotic lipids. Therefore, this parameter is indicative of the tendency to
accumulate a certain substance in biological membranes and living organisms
Hydrophobic interactions are part of the sorption process of triazines and pesticides in
soils.
Regarding sediments, organophosphorus was the most detected family in 2010
and triazines in 2011. As well as water samples, the most ubiquotus compounds with
the highest concentrations were terbuthylazine (451.88 ng/L) and their degradation
products, terbuthylazine-deethyl (200.92 ng/L) and terbuthylazine-2 hydroxy (142.8
ng/L). It is observed the presence of terbutryn (5.03 ng/L in 2010). In the same way,
insecticide diazinon, included on organophosphorus family was the most frequently
detected compound in 2010 sampling, while next year there was found a uniform
presence of several analytes such as chlorpyriphos (15.93 ng/L), chlorfenvinphos (2.5
ng/L), diazinon (8.8 ng/L), fenthion (2.9 ng/L), fenoxon (2.9 ng/L) and one of its
metabolites fenoxon sulfone (2.5 ng/L). The minimum concentration detected was for
diazinon (0.23 ng/g dw) and chlorpyriphos (0.68 ng/g dw) in 2010 and carbendazim
(0.76 ng/g dw), ethion (0.50 ng/g dw) and terbuthylazine (0.20 ng/g dw) in 2011. The
highest one were detected for diazinon (175.45 ng/g dw in 2010), terbuthylazine
(451.88 ng/g dw in 2011) and their metabolites terbuthylazine-deethyl (200.92 ng/g dw
in 2011) and terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy (142.80 ng/g dw in 2011).
Terbuthylazine and their metabolites deethylterbuthylazine and terbuthylazine 2-hydroxy were found in higher concentrations in surface waters and sediments, as a
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consequence of a longer degradation process linked to leaching or preferential flow
through the soil profile for the herbicides and metabolites. Moreover, terbuthylazine has
increased its use in recent years in place of atrazine, and has been detected in
groundwaters in areas of Spain and Portugal. However, atrazine concentrations in
these earlier works were always higher than terbuthylazine concentrations, contrary to
the results obtained here possibly due to the use of atrazine although it was banned in
the EU in 2004 and finally retired from the market in Spain and Portugal in 2007
(Decision 2004/248/CE). The presence of pesticide atrazine either represents illegal
continuation of use or slow propagation through the aquifer system. The latter is a likely
finding as groundwater systems usually are slow moving and have turnover times of
decades to centuries. Nevertheless, it suggests that the education for good practices in
pesticide management of olive crops needs to be maintained, together with the
possible issuing of recommendations by the appropriate authorities to limit (in particular
during winter, with its heavy rains) the use of groundwaters for human consumption. It
is certain other processes may also increase the herbicide concentration, these include
water evaporation, sediment herbicides desorption, or contributions from other minor
crops in the area (cereals, or sunflowers) considering that the sampling was carried out
after summer period. These results appear to be consistent with the agricultural
activities because all of them are compounds commonly used in olive groves typical
from this area. There is no data about terbuthylazine in 2010 campaign because the
analyte was not monitored.
There are data of pesticides in biota. There were no pesticides in the Llobregat
and Guadalquivir Rivers. In the Ebro River, the only pesticide found was chlorpyriphos
in two samples, one a Carp (Cyprinus carpus) and the other a European catfish
(Silurus glanis) at concentrations of 840,25 and 168,62 ng/g d.w., respectively. Both
fish species were taken in the sampling point EBR5, which was the nearest point to the
Ebro Delta where biota samples were taken. On the contrary, a higher diversity of
pesticides was found in the fish samples taken from the Jucar River (see Figure 32,
pp.63). Carbamates, organohosphorus and triazines were the most detected
compounds.
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Figure 26. Cummulative concentration of each Pesticide class in water of
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Figure 28. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in water of Ebro
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Figure 30. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in water of Jucar
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Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian rivers caused by global change (2009-2014). Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065
Figure 32. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in fish of Jucar River Basin in each samplig point.
Environmental and food safety research group (SAMA-UV), University of Valencia, Av.Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia
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Figure 33. Cummulative concentration of each pesticide class in water of
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3.4. Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) Data on perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) were analysed in water and sediments. A
total of 21 PFCs including C4, C14, C16 and C18 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs),
and C4, C6-C10 perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) and C8 perfluorosulfonamide (FOSA)
were quantified in the samples of the present study. The perfluorinated compounds
PFCs have been determined in water sediment and fish. PFCs were detected in
samples of the all River Basins.
The PFCs concentrations in water samples from Llobregat River are summarized in
Table 26 of Annex IV. In the water samples from Llobregat, PFBA, PFOA PFPeA and
PFBS were the most detected PFCs (Table 26 of Annex IV), followed by PFOS and
PFHxDA with average detection frequency at 71% (2010) and 50% (2011) and 56%
(2011). PFOSA was not detected in any of the samples and in any of the sampling
campaigns while i,p’-PFNA, PFDoA, PFTeA, PFODA, L-PFHpS, i,p’-PFNS and LPFDS were not detected in any sample of the 2010 campaign. This is consistent with
the results in many other studies, which reported that PFOS and PFOA are the
dominating compounds in surface water in many different locations, such as the China
(Yan et al. 2011), Spain (Onghena et al. 2012), Japan (Zushi et al. 2008), France
(Labadie & Chevreuil 2011) and India (Yeung et al. 2009). PFBA, PFBS and PFPeA
have only been scarcely reported to the moment in water samples (Labadie &
Chevreuil 2011; Onghena et al. 2012).
However, it is expected an increased release of these compounds to the environment
because they are substituting PFOS and PFOA as starting material to produce
perfluorinated polymers. The concentration of PFOA and PFOS varied in the range
0.07–146.40 ng/L and 0.01–2078,71 ng/L. As can be observed in Figure 35 (pp.71) the
concentrations in water were slightly higher in 2010 than in 2011 with the exception of
the Anoia tributary, in which concentrations were much higher in 2010 than in 2011.
The highest concentration was found at ANO2 for PFOS. Following year this high
concentration was not found.
Table 30 of Annex IV summarizes the results of sediments for the Llobregat
River Basin, the PFCs in the sediment showed the same composition profile than in
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water samples. The concentrations were low (≤ 12.37 ng/g d.w.) but the frequency of
detection was high (100 % for PFBA in 2010, 93 % for PFOS in 2011, 86 % for PFOA
in 2010, 71 % for PFPeA in 2010 and for PFBS in 2011). The Figure 36 (pp.72)
compares the cumulative concentration in sediments during both sampling campaigns.
Cummulative concentrations were higher in 2010 than in 2011. In 2010 an increasing
gradient from the source to the mouth is more or less observed (with the exception of
the Anoia tributary that has the highest concentrations both years at ANO2). However,
in 2011 the cumulative concentration is more erratic.
Table 27 of Annex IV illustrates the results of the determination of PFCs in the
Ebro River waters, the frequency of detection ranged from 4 % to 58 %. The highest
concentrations were for PFBA (up to 251 ng/L in 2010), PFOA (up to 125 ng/L in 2010)
and for PFDA (up to 632,63 in 2011). Figure 37 (pp.73) compares spatial and temporal
distribution trends, in 2010, the highest concentrations were detected at GAL1, EBR1,
EBR2 and EBR3, on the contrary, in 2011 the highest concentration was detected in
OCA for PFDA. The spatial distribution of PFCs both years is quite capricious. The
highest concentrations were detected in 2010, with the exception of PFDA.
Table 31 of Annex IV compiles the results for Ebro sediments samples. The
temporal variation of PFCs showed that in 2010 PFHxA, i,p’-PFNA, PFNA, PFDoA,
PFTrDA, PFTeDA, PFHxDA, PFODA, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFNS, PFDS and PFOSA were
not detected whereas in 2011 the only not detected compounds were PFDoA and
PFOSA The frecuencies were between 9 and 86 % in 2010 and between 17 and 52 %
in 2011. The highest concentrations were for PFOA (32,35 ng/g d.w in 2010), and
PFDA (30,30 ng/ g d.w. in 2011). Figure 38 (pp.74) shows the spatial and temporal
distribution. Sediment samples collected at EBR3 in 2010 showed the highest total
concentrations of PFCs. However, the concentrations were higher in 2011 with the
exception of this point.
Tables 28 and 32 of Annex IV outline the results for water and sediments of the
Jucar River Basin and Figures 39 and 40 (pp. 75 and 76, respectively) establish the
spatial and temporal trends. Analyzing the results of the water samples, in the 2010,
i,p’-PFNA, PFHxDA, PFODA, PFBS, PFHpS, i,p’-PFNS, PFDS and PFOSA were not
detected while in 2011 only PFOSA was not detected. The frequency varies from 7 to
60 % in 2010 and from 7 to 73 % in 2011. In the 2010 campaigns, the highest
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concentrations were found for PFBA (up to 645 ng/L), PFDA (up to 213 ng/L) and
PFOS (up to 128 ng/L) whereas in 2011 the highest concentration was PFBS (up to
74,09 ng/L). The distribution of the PFCs in the different points sampled was quite
irregular and the points were the highest concentrations were detected varied from one
to other campaign (JUC2 and JUC8 in the 2010 campaigns in front of JUC5 in the
2011). The concentrations found were higher in 2010 than in 2011.
Sediment samples were contaminated with PFBA, PFPeA, PFHpA, PFOA, i,p’PFNA, PFNA, PFDA, PFTeDA, PFBS, PFHxS and PFOS in 2010 and with these
compounds plus PFUDA, PFDoA, PFTrA, PFNS and PFDS. The frequency of
contaminantion ranged from 13 to 100 % in 2010 and from 13 to 80 % in 2011. The
highest concentrations were measured for PFBS (up to 29,18 ng/g d.w.) in 2010 and
for PFDA (9,92 ng/g d.w.) in 2011. Cocentrations were higher in 2010 than in 2011 and
the spatial distribution follows identical inconsistent pattern as in water.
Tables 29 and 33 of Annex IV along with Figures 41 and 42 (pp. 77 and 78)
summarize the results for the Guadalquivir River Basin. In general, concentrations
found in water were lower than 1000 ng/L. PFHxA, i,p-PFNA, PFUdA, PFDoA, PFtrDA,
PFTeDA, PFHxDA, PFODA, PFHpS, i,p-PFNS, PFDS and PFOSA were not detected
in 2010 and PFDoA, PFHpS, i,p-PFNS and PFOSA in 2011. The frequencies ranged
from 8 and 92 % in 2010 and from 4 to 100 % in 2011. The highest concentrations
were for the PFBA (up to 742 ng/L), PFOA (up to 189 ng/L), PFNA (up to 116 ng/L) and
PFBS (up to 228 ng/L) in 2010. Surprisingly, the highest concentration in 2011 was for
PFBS (up to 13,64 ng/L). The distribution of the PFCs in the different sampling points
was also quite unpredictable. The temporal reduction in concentrations from 2010 to
2011 is quite anomalous (see Figure 41, pp.77). A proper explanation and or
hypothesis of this behaviour would require a deeper study and the evaluation of
additional parameters as water quality parameters, flows or temperature.
In sediments, PFHxA, i,p-PFNA, PFNA, PFUdA, PFDoA, PFtrDA, PFHxDA,
PFODA, PFHpS, i,p-PFNS, PFDS and PFOSA were not detected in 2010 and PFHpS,
i,p-PFNS and PFOSA in 2011. The frequency of detection was between 4 and 67 % in
2010 and between 4 and 54 %. The highest concentrations were for PFBA (up to 63,76
ng/g d.w.) and PFOA and PFOS (up to 27,1 ng/g d.w.) in 2010 and for PFBA (up to
28,03 ng/g d.w.) and PFPeA (up to 35,77 ng/g d.w.). The distribution of the PFCs in the
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sampling points was random. In 2010, the highest concentrations were in GEN2 and
GUA 6 and, in 2011, the highest concentration was detect in GUA7. However, the
concentrations found in both years are of the same order of magnitude. This remark
even more, the anomalous behaviour observed in water.
For all the rivers, the PFC concentration was higher in 2010 than in 2011 but a wide
variety of PFCs congeners were detected in 2011 and at highest frequency.
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>3000 ng/L
≈
Figure 35. Cummulative concentration of each PFCs class in water of Llobregat
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Figure 36. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Llobregat
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≈
>600 ng/L
Figure 37. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Ebro River
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Figure 38. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in sediment of Ebro
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>700 ng/L
≈
≈
>300 ng/L
Figure 39. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of Jucar River
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Figure 40. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in sediment of Jucar
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Figure 41. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in water of
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Figure 42. Cummulative concentration of each PFC class in sediment of
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3.5. UVFilters A considerable amount of UV filters may also be released from the skin during
showering and/or rubbed off with towels or clothes and washed off during laundering
and may thus be discharged via wastewater, together with UV filters from other
sources (e.g. shampoos, cosmetics, etc.). During wastewater treatment, a part of the
UV filters may be degraded, sequestered into sewage sludge, or discharged to surface
waters, thus adding the possibility for indirect input to surface waters. Six
benzophenone derivatives and five UV-filters of other classes were studied in waters
and sediments. Tables 35, 36, 37 and 38 of Annex IV show the minimum, maximum,
mean as well as the frequency in water samples of the four River Basins in the two
sampling campaigns and Tables 39, 40, 41 and 42 of Annex IV outline the same for
sediment samples. Figures 43, 45, 47 and 49 (pp.82, 84, 86 and 88) show the spatial
distribution of these compounds in the water samples taken at the different sampling
points whereas Figures 44, 46, 48 and 50 (pp. 83, 85, 87, 89) show the same spatial
distribution but in sediments.
The 2,2’-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) and the ethyl-4-aminobenzoate
(Et-PABA) were not found in any sample. The frequency of detection of UV-filters was
high in water and sediment samples of the four river basins. However, there are two
compounds, the ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and octocrylene (OC), found
sporadically in waters of the Ebro River, that were detected at high concentration and
frequencies in the sediments of the four river basins. According to the literature, in the
aquatic compartment, the low water solubility, high octanol-water partition coefficient
and relatively high QSAR-modelled organic carbon partition coefficient of these
compounds make partitioning from water to undissolved solids and sediment likely,
where further biological degradation is expected (Li et al. 2007; Straub 2002; Zhang et
al. 2011).
Comparing the four different river basins, concentrations were higher in Llobregat,
followed by Ebro, Guadalquivir and finally those of the Júcar River were the lowest
ones. In the Llobregat waters, in addition to DHMB and Et-PABA, 4,4’Dihidroxybenzophenone (4DHB) was not detected in any sampling campaigns.
Ethylhexyldimethyl PABA was not detected in 2010 as well as EHCM and OC in 2011.
The frequency was between 7 and 50 %. The maximum value was for 4 HB (153
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ng/L). The spatial distribution of these compounds is erratic and atypical in 2010 but
the next year it showed an increasing concentration gradient from the source to the
mounth in the main river as well as in the tributaries.
Sediments are mostly contaminated with EHMC and OC that clearly accumulate in soil.
The maximum values in the Llobregat sediments were for OC (up to 251 ng/g d.w). The
detection frequencies and the mean concentration of UV-filters were slightly higher in
2010 than in 2011. The spatial distribution showed more clearly the increasing
concentration gradient for both campaigns.
In the Ebro River water, the frequency of detection of UV-filters was between 4 and 48
%. Benzophenone-1 (BP1), benzophenone-3 (BP3), 4 HB, ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA
(OD-PABA), EHCM and OC were detected. The compounds showing highest
concentration and frequency of detection were BP1 (max conc. 55,10 ng/L), BP3l (max
conc. 44,10 ng/L) and 4MBC (max conc. 32,52 ng/L). The concentrations of these
compounds in water where quite erratic and slightly higher in 2011 than in 2010.
In the Ebro sediments, BP3, OD-PABA, EHMC and OC were found. The highest
concentrations in sediments were for OC (max. conc. 701 ng/g d.w), and ofloxacin (11
ng/ g d.w. It is also difficult to establish a spatial pattern for these compounds.
However, the HUE sampling point present a very high concentration in both sampling
campaigns. The concentrations in 2011 were also slightly higher than in 2010.
In Jucar River, water samples present negligible concentration. In the 2010, there were
no UV-filters detected in any of the samples and in 2011, very low concentrations
(below 10 ng/L) were reported for BP3 and 4MBC. Sediment samples have also very
low concentration of BP3, EHMC and OC. The distribution of the UV filters
pharmaceuticals in the different sampling points did not shown any apparent pattern
and the concentrations and frequency were higher in 2011 than in 2010.
The behaviour of the Guadalquivir River is similar to that observed for the Llobregat
and Ebro. The UV-filters detected in water were 4DHB, 4HB, BP1, BP3, 4MBC and
OD-PABA and in sediment 4HB, BP3, 4MBC, EHMC AND OC. Frequencies were
between 4 and 71 %. The highest concentrations were found for 4HB (up to 1458 ng/L)
and 4MBC (up to 173 ng/L). The distribution of the UV filters in the different points
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sampled was also quite erratic and the points were the highest concentrations were
detected varied from one campaign to the other. The sampling point GUA 6 showed
the highest concentration of 4 HB. Independently of this sporadic high concentration,
the concentrations considering the whole river course were higher in 2010 than in
2011.
Frequencies of occurrence in sediments were beteen 4 and 67 %. The highest
concentrations were measured for EHMC (up to 50 ng/g d.w.), followed by 4 HB and
OC (both up to 29 ng/g d.w.). The distribution of the UV filters in the different sampling
points did not show any apparent pattern. The temporal distribution showed higher
concentration in the 2011 campaign.
The constant presence of EHMC and OC in sediments confirms the lipophilic nature of
these compounds and indicates a certain potential for bioaccumulation. Although
metabolism in aquatic biota may reduce concentrations considerably when compared
to those in found in sediments, further investigations on the occurrence of UV filters in
fish seem needed.
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Figure 43. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of
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Figure 44. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in sediment of
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Figure 45. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of Ebro
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Figure 46. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in sediment of Ebro
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Figure 47. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of Jucar
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Figure 49. Cummulative concentration of each UV-filter class in water of
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3.6. Illicit drugs The determination of illicit drugs in the four River Basins showed similar values
among the different river basins (Figure 51). Coacainics and amphetaminics followed
by opioids and ansiolytics were the most common in all the samples. Cannabinoids
were only sporadically detected and LSD derivatives were not found in any sample.
Figure 51. Percentage of contaminated samples in 2011 according to the type of
illicit drug in each River Basin
This report is one of the first that covers the distribution of these compounds
between water and sediment. Results clearly showed some tendency of the opioids
and
cannabinoids
to
accumulate
in
sediments.
On
the
contraty,
cocainic,
amphetaminics and ansiolytics are mostly dissolved in waters.
Tables 42, 43, 44 and 45 of Annex IV show the minimum, maximum, mean as well as
the frequency in water samples of the four River Basin in the two sampling campaigns
and Tables 46, 47, 48 and 49 of Annex IV outline the same for sediment samples. The
frequency of illicit drugs was high in water and sediment samples of the four river
basins being present in almost all the samples analysed. Figures from 52 to 59 (pp.
93-100) illustrated the spatial and temporal distribution of these compounds in water
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and sediments of the four River Basins. Comparing the four different river basins
among them, concentrations were higher in Llobregat and Ebro Rivers, followed by
those of the Guadalquivir River and finally those of the Júcar River were the lowest
ones. However, the differences among the basins were low.
The frequency of these compounds in water of the Llobregat River was from 8
to 93 % of the samples. The maximum values in the Llobregat waters were for MDMA
(up to 56,8 ng/L), ephedrine (up to 88,60 ng/L), lorazepam (up to 86,00 ng/L),
benzoylecgonine (44 ng/L) and EDDP (up to 49,50 ng/L). The detection frequency in
sediments was from 7 to 93 %. The maximum values in the Llobregat sediments were
for Δ9-THC (up to 36,60 ng/g d.w.) and cannabinol (12,80 ng/g d.w) The detection
frequencies and the mean concentrations of illicit drugswere higher in 2011 than those
in 2010 for water and in 2010 higher than in 2011 for sediments. This result is because
the high concentration of cannabinoids found in the sampling point LLO3 in 2010.
There is not a clear spatial pattern in the results. However, there are some previous
studies performed in 2008 a partial area of the Llobregat River affected by the release
of the effluent of a waste water treatment plant (Kok-Schulmeyer 2011). Concerning
illicit drugs and metabolites, 9 out of the 17 investigated compounds were not detected
in any of the investigated samples. On the other hand, cocaine and benzoylecgonine,
and the amphetamine-like compound ephedrine were present in all water samples
analyzed. Maximum cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations were 25 and 47
ng/L, respectively. These results fully agree with those found in the present report.
In the Ebro River water, the compounds showing highest concentrations and frequency
of detection were also ephedrine (max conc. 144,00 ng/L), lorazepam (max conc.
51,29 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (up to 129,00) and EDDP (max conc. 44,80 ng/L). Other
illicit drugsshowing high average concentrations were cocaine (up to 34,20 ng/L),
methadone (up 10,8 ng/L) and morphine (up to 21,90 ng/L). The frequencies of
apparison of the different illicit drugs were from 4 to 88 %. The highest concentrations
were detected at ARG, HUE, SEG and ZAD in both campaigns. These sampling points
were also those that presented higher concentrations of pharmaceuticals showing a
common origin of these compounds that could probably be correlated with the
presence of WWTP upstream of the sampling point. There is also a previous study in
this river basin on illicit drugs occurrence performed during 2007 and 2008 (Postigo et
al. 2010). This previous study showed that most abundant and ubiquitous compounds
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were benzoylecgonine, its precursor cocaine, and ephedrine that were present in all
investigated surface water samples at levels up to 346, 59, and 145 ng/L, respectively.
MDMA residues were also positively identified in 64% of the investigated river water
samples but levels did not surpass 12 ng/L. The remaining detected compounds were
present in less than 50% of the samples at levels up to 12 ng/L. Those results were
also in compliance with those presented in this report.
The frequency of apparison of these compounds in the samples varies
between 5 and 86 %. The highest frequencies wer for cocaine (86 %), EDDP (52 %)
and methandone (39 %). The other compounds were in a range of frequencies from 5
to 25 %. The highest concentrations in sediments were for ΔTHC (35,65 ng/g d.w), and
cannabinol (43,9 ng/ g d.w.). The other compounds were found at concentrations below
10 ng/g d.w. Sediment samples collected at ARG, HUE and ZAD showed the highest
total concentrations. Contrarily to water samples, sediment samples were most
contaminated in 2010 than in 2011.
In Jucar River, water samples present much lower concentrations than
Llobregat or Ebro with the exception of the point JUC4 in 2011, for the other points the
concentrations were lower than 100 ng/L. The highest concentrations were found for
benzoylecgonine (up to 651 ng/L) and cocaine (up to 728 ng/L). Both concentrations
were detected in the point JUC4 only in 2011 and are about 100 times higher than the
mean values detected in the other points. This together with the fact that concentration
of cocaine is higher than that of benzoyl ecgonina could be explained for a direct spill
of the drug to the river. The other points that showed high concentrations in both
campaigns were JUC3, JUC7, JUC8, MAG1 and MAG 2. There are not previous data
available on the presence of these compounds in River Waters.
The illicit drugs appear in sediment samples in a range of frequencies from 7 to
83 %. The highest frequencies were for cocaine and methadone, the other drugs
appear at frequencies always bellow of 50 %. The highest concentrations were
measured for the Δ-THC (up to 3,91 ng/g d.w.), cannabidiol (3,88 ng/g d.w.), and
cannabinol (up to 3,88 ng/g d.w.). The spatial dristribution was erratic (the highest
concentration was detected in the point JUC6, mostly due to cannabinoids in 2010,
whereas in 2011 was detected at CAB1 because of the amphetamine-like compounds.
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The Guadalquivir River showed the lowest concentrations. In general,
concentrations found in water were lower than 100 ng/L. The frequency of apparison
was between 4 and 92 % of the samples. Higher frequencies correspond to ephedrine,
benzoylecgonine and cocaine (92 % of the samples) followed by MDMA (71 %),
methadone (75 %) and EDDP. The highest concentrations were also found for
ephedrine (up to 66,20 ng/L), lorazepam (47,40 ng/L), benzoylecgonine (62,90 ng/L)
and EDDP (36,80 ng/L). The distribution of the illicit drugs in the different points
sampled showed the highest concentrations in GEN1, GEN2 and GUAA for both
campaigns. However, the levels were higher in 2011 than in 2010. In this last campaign
also all the main course of the Guadalquivir River showed higher illicit drugs
concentrations as well as GUAN, HER, PIC and YEG. As in the case of the Jucar
River, there is no previous studies on the presence of these compounds in water that
could corroborate or explain the observed behaviour.
Sediment samples present the lower frequency and concentration of illicit drugs.
In general, concentrations found in sediment were lower than 5 ng/g d.w. Only cocaine
and methadone appear in almost 100 % of samples but a very low concentrations
ranging from 0,17 to 0,79 ng/g d.w and from 0,12 to 1,66 ng/g d.w. The highest
concentrations were for EDDP (up to 5,80 ng/g d.w.). The highest concentrations were
found in 2011 for the points GUA4 and GUAA. This last point also presented the
highest concentration in 2010.
Summarizing the results obtained for the illicit drugs, these compounds show a
spatial and temporal distribution in the river basins very similar to those of
pharmaceuticals compounds. Both are strongly related to the human pressure. The
highest levels were found in Ebro and Llobregat Rivers.
.
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Figure 52. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in water of
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Figure 53. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in sediment of
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Figure 54. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in water of Ebro
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100 ng/g d.w.
≈
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≈
>100 ng/L
Figure 56. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drugs class in water of Jucar
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Figure 58. Cummulative concentration of each illicit drug class in water of
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3.7. Emerging halogenated flame retardants The emerging halogenated flame retardants (EHFR) were only analysed in the
first campaign and only in sediments. Tables 50, 51, 52 and 53 of Annex IV outlined
the minimum, maximum, mean as well as the frequency in the four River Basin and
Figures 60, 61, 62 and 63 (pp.103, 104) illustrates the cumulative level in the analysed
sampling points. In the Jucar and Guadalquivir Rivers, only 4 points were analysed.
The three different types of halogenated flame retardants analysed were emerging
BFRs, halogenated Norbonens and polybromodiphenyl ethers.
Of the EHFR studied, DPMA, HBB and Dec 608 were not found in any sample.
PBDEs were detected in all the sediment samples, with concentrations ranging from
0.01 to 83 ng/g d.w. In the distribution by River Basin, apparently Llobregat and Ebro
presented higher levels than Jucar and Guadalquivir. However, results for these two
last Basins are from a smaller number of samples. Of all EHFR studied, the highest
concentrations were always for BDE-2’9 and DBDPE. The presence of these
compounds is related to the existence of electronics manufacturing centers. Compared
with the levels reported in the surface sediments of China (Chen 2013) or of USA
(Klosterhaus 2012), the overall concentrations currently measured in this four Spanish
River Basins were approximately 4- and 3-fold lower than those reported in the other
studies.
In the Llobregat River Basin, PBEB and BDE-28 were also not detected. The
frequency of detection ranges from 7 to 93 %. The maximum values were the
polybromodiphenyl ether BDE-209 (63 ng/g d.w.) and its congener ethane
decabromodiphenyl (DBDPE) (35 ng/g d.w.). The spatial distribution shows an
increasing gradient from the source to the point were the tributaries flow into the main
river or to the mouth of the main river. The highest concentrations appear in ANO2,
CAR4 and LLO7. There is a previous study carried out from June to October 2005 and
June 2006 that determined the EHFR in this River basins (Guerra et al. 2010), PBDEs
were detected in all the sediment samples at concentrations ranging from 22 to 136
ng/g dw and the emerging flame retardants were detected in 13 of 19 analyzed
samples at concentration levels between 3.1 and 10 ng/g dw. The concentrations found
in the present study were slightly lower but of the same order of magnitude. There is no
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correlation on the sampling points that showed the highest concentrations in the
previous study and those that showed the highest concentration in the present study.
In the Ebro River, BDE-28 was also not detected. The frequency of detection
ranges from 5 to 86 %. The highest concentrations were BDE-209 (max conc. 82,65
ng/L) and its congener DBDPE (35 ng/g d.w.). The distribution through the river was
erratic.
In Jucar River, the frequency of detection was between 25 and 100 % but only
four samples were analyzed. The highest concentrations were for BDE-209 (up to 6,12
ng/g d.w.) and for DBDPE (8.89 ng/g d.w.). The distribution of the EHFR in the different
sampling points was almost constant.
The behaviour of the Guadalquivir River is similar to that observed for the Jucar.
The frequency of aparison was between 25 and 100 %. In general, concentrations
found in sediment were lower than 1 ng/g d.w. The highest concentrations were for
BDE-209 (up to 1,54 ng/g d.w.) and DBDPE (11,59 g/g d.w.). The distribution of the
EHFRs in the different sampling points was almost constant.
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Figure 60. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in sediments of
Llobregat River Basin in each samplig point.
Figure 61. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in water of Ebro River
Basin in each samplig point.
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Figure 62. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in water of Júcar River
Basin in each samplig point.
Figure 63. Cummulative concentration of each FR class in water of Guadalquivir
River Basin in each samplig point.
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3.8. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) The persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were only analyzed in sediment samples
collected in the four river basins. Sediments witness compound accumulation after
water column transport. The concentrations of Organochlorine compounds (OCs),
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and
trifluralin in surface sediments of Llobregat, Ebro, Júcar and Guadalquivir River Basins
are presented in Tables 54, 55, 56 and 57 of Annex IV. Figures 64, 65, 66 and 67
showed the spatial and temporal distribution of these compounds. Comparing the four
different river basins, concentrations were higher in Llobregat and Ebro Rivers,
followed by those of the Júcar and Guadalquivir Rivers.
The
PAHs
(Acenaphthene,
Acenaphthylene,
Anthracene,
Benzo[a]anthracene,
Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, Benzo[g,h,i]perylene, Benzo[k]fluoranthene,
Chrysene, Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene,
Naphthalene, Phenanthre and Pyrene) were detected in almost all samples of the
present study indicating the widespread contamination by these compounds. The
highest concentrations were of 6591,6 ng/g d.w. (for ∑PAHs) in Llobregat in 2011
Among OCs, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, DDT (sum of 4,4’ + 2,4’
forms of DDT and its breakdown products, 4,4’ + 2,4’ DDE and DDD) and
hexachlorobencene were the predominant in all sediment samples with the highest
concentration being 1730,86 ng/g d.w. (∑Organochlorine compounds) in the Ebro River
in 2010. The maximum value of the total concentrations of PCBs (ΣPCBs) in surface
sediments varied greatly depending on the River Basin and ranged from 14 to 7739
ng/g d.w.
The maximum values in the Llobregat were for ∑organochlorine compounds (up to
70,83 ng/g d.w.), for ∑PAHs (up to 6592 ng/g d.w.), for ∑PCBs (up to 335 ng/g d.w.)
and for trifluoralin 1567 ng/g d.w. The organochlorine compounds detected were the
trichlorobenzene, DDT and its metabolites and hexachlorobenzene. The highest
concentration was for DDT in 2010. Trifluoraline was only found in 2010 and in 1
sample. All the PAHs were detected. The PCB congeners were PCBs 101, 118, 138,
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149 153, 170 and 180. The highest concentrations were for PCB170 (up to 91 ng/g
d.w.) The usage of PCBs in this river basin is not well established, but the use of PCBs
in transformers, electrical equipment, and other industries is common. The
concentrations, particularly for PAHs and PFCs were higher in 2011. On the contrary,
in 2011, trifluralin was not detected and organochlorine compounds were at lower
concentrations.
The Ebro River showed the highest occurrence of persistent organic pollutants and
also the highest concentrations. The maximum values were for ∑organochlorine
compounds (up to 2413,17 ng/g d.w.) for 2011, for ∑PAHs (up to 3821,13 ng/g d.w.),
for ∑PCBs (up to 7738,63 ng/g d.w.) in 2010 and for trifluoralin, 11,64 ng/g d.w. The
organochlorine compounds detected were the same as for the Llobregat River. All the
studied PAHs were also detected. However, differently to the Llobregat River, the
thirteen PCBs studied were detected at least in one sample. Organochlorine
compounds and PAHs were detected at highest level in 2011. However, the
concentrations in both years were of the same order of magnitude. Trifluoralin was only
detected, at low concentrations in 2010. On the contrary, PCBs were at much higher
concentration in 2010 (14 times higher than in 2011). The highest levels of PAHs were
detected in EBR1 both years and in ARG in 2010, of organochlorine compounds in
EBR9 in 2010 and EBR7 in 2011 and of PCBs in HUE in 2010. Comparison to a
previous study carried out in October 2004, 2005 and 2006 in the Ebro River (NavarroOrtega et al. 2010) that covers organochlorine compounds and PAHs showed similar
concentration, behaviour and pattern.
In Jucar River, water samples present much lower concentrations than Llobregat or
Ebro. The only organochlorine compound detected was DDT (as the parent compound
or as its metabolite DDE) with a frequency ranged from 13 to 47 % of the samples. The
presence of PCBs was very intermittent in comparison to Ebro and Llobregat Rivers,
only PCB138 and PCB170 were detected in two samples at concentrations below 15
ng/g d.w. All the PAHs were detected with a ∑PAHs maximum of 194,03 ng/g d.w. in
2010 and of 395,80 ng/g d.w. in 2011. The spatial and temporal distribution showed
lower concentrations in 2010 than in 2011, mostly due to an increase in PAHs
concentration in front of the other compounds that were almost indetectabless in
sediments for this last campaign.
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The behaviour of the Guadalquivir River is similar to that observed for the Jucar. No
PCB congener was detected in any sample campaign. Among the organochlorine
compounds only DDT (as parent or as its metabolites was detected). It was in the 71 %
of the analysed samples. The range of concentrations was from 0,87 to 91,38 ng/g d.w.
in 2010 and in the 54 % of the samples in a range from 0,76 to 82,20 ng/g d.w. in 2011.
All the PAHs were detected in the samples with a maximum concentration for the
∑PAHs of 194,03 ng/g d.w. in 2010 and of 395,90 ng/g d.w. in 2011. The spatial
distribution was very similar in both campaigns. The higher concentrations were in
BEM, GEN2, GUA4, GUA7, GUA9, HER and MAG in 2010 whereas were in GUAR,
HER and MAG in 2011.
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Figure 64. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of
Llobregat River Basin in each samplig point
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Figure 65. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of Ebro
River Basin in each samplig point
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Figure 66. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of Jucar
River Basin in each samplig point
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Figure 67. Cummulative concentration of each POP class in sediment of
Guadalquivir River Basin in each samplig point
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4. Hazard quotients (HQ) The hazard quotient (HQ) for each tested contaminant was derived based on the
measured levels of contaminants in the surface water of the four River Basins. HQ
implies potential chances of ecological impact, from which can determine whether
further evaluation may be required. Guidelines for interpreting HQ calculations are:
•
HQ 4 <0.1, no hazard exists
•
HQ 4 0.1–1.0, hazard is low
•
HQ 4 1.1–10, hazard is moderate
•
HQ 4 >10, hazard is high
It should be taken into account that one of the weak points of this approach is the lack
of ecotoxicity data for many compounds. PNEC values reported in the Annex II have
been estimated for fish, Daphnia and algae from data on literature on acute toxicity
(dividing EC50 values by a safety factor of 1000). When these data were not available
the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) or the chronic value is the geometric
mean of the no observed effect concentration (ChV) has been taken (dividing in this
case by a safety value of 100). When no experimental values were available, the EC50
estimated with ECOSAR has been used. The HQ were determined for each one of the
three species, for the mean and the maximum concentration (worst case scenario) and
for each campaign.
As indicated in Tables 58, 59, 60 and 61 of Annex V, some of the test compounds
resulted in HQs higher than one and other also higher than 10 for the medium and
maximum concentration, therefore suggesting that their tendency for potential
environmental impact may be high. Each one of the bioassays tested presents its own
specificity against a compound (e.g. erythromycin is only a risk for daphnia).
The low impact was obtained for PFCs, UV-filters and illicit drugs. However, this could
be because there are few results reported on their PNEC and most of them have been
performed by the manufacturers of the products. Approximately, 75 % of the ranked
HQ in each river basins are less than 1. Moderate to high toxicity was detected for
pharmaceuticals (mostly antibiotics), endocrine disrupting compounds (alkylphenolic
compounds and bactericides), pesticides (almost all) and caffeine. Most of the
compounds that present moderate to high toxicity for the maximum concentration also
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show these effect at the mean concentration found in the River (mean concentration
considering the non-detected values as zero). In the same way, most of these
substances are common to both campaigns. This indicates the need for a further risk
assessment and the possibility that water scarcity will get worse the situation in the
different scenarios. In addition, the different classes of contaminants analyzed in this
report co-occurred in the water samples forming a cocktail of substances, the join effect
of which has to be taken into account.
The present analysis indicates that the regulatory and risk management context
concerning emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment is very complicated. The
uncertainty concerning the mode of action of these substances in environmentally
relevant non-target organisms, possible synergistic interactions, degradations products,
bioavailability, low acute risks, but intrinsic toxicity and bacterial resistance contributes
to the risk management challenges.
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5. Conclusions and future trends trends On the occurrence the most ubiquitous emerging contaminants were pharmceuticals
followed by pesticides and EDCs. Pharmaceutical were the most frequent
contaminants and EDCs those at highest concentrations. However, it should be taken
into account that all the studied compounds detected at concentrations of ng/L most of
the studied River basin were comparable to compounds and concentrations measured
in other studies of ambient water in urban areas.
The Llobregat and Ebro were the most contaminanted river basins, followed by
Guadalquivir and lastly the Jucar. The relation-ship between ecological and chemical
status can be considered as one key issue of the Water Framework Directive. In the
present report we have tried to put together both measured environmental
concentrations and ecotoxicity values through the determination of the HQ.
The 75 % of the HQ indicated low risk for the environmental. However, for a 25 % of
the remaining compounds, a moderate to high risk for the environment was detected.
The involved compounds were mostly pharmaceuticals, pesticides and endocrine
disrupting compounds. PFCs, UV-filters and illicit drugs showed low environmental risk
HQ < 1, but probably because the lack of data on their toxicity. Although, some of the
target compounds were detected in concentrations well below to those considered
sufficient to cause acute toxicity effects in aquatic organisms, considering the lack of
knowledge on chronic and cumulative toxic effects, these concentrations could lead to
a potential risk to the environment and human health. Further studies on the risk of
these compounds should be undertaken.
This report shows a predictable environmental risk as consequence of the presence of
emerging contaminants in water that could be increased by the scarcity of water and
the concentration effect of this scarcity on the contaminants.
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WP4: QUALITY
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Annex I. Limits of detection in water and sediments for the
selected analytes
PHARMACEUTICALS
Analgesics and anti-inflamatories
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
Sediments (ng/g d.w.)
LODs
LOQs
19.14
0.50
4.4
0.48
33.51
1.09
0.82
0.53
6.08
1.40
0.35
1.71
0.74
1.42
57.44
1.50
12.12
1.50
100.53
3.27
2.49
1.60
18.25
4.21
1.07
5.21
2.27
4.26
0.3
25
0.1
0.01
na
4.82
3.32
0.01
na
0.22
0.22
0.003
0.25
na
1
75
0.3
0.03
na
14.46
10
0.03
na
0.66
0.66
0.01
0.75
na
0.86
1.91
17.60
2.70
2.45
0.09
0.014
4.25
1.42
0.35
4.51
2.81
25.83
5.73
52.82
8.21
7.42
0.28
0.043
12.75
4.26
1.14
13.5
8.45
0.27
1
na
na
0.03
0.27
0.57
4.28
na
0.1
1.49
0.01
0.81
3
na
na
0.9
0.81
1.71
12.84
na
0.3
4.47
0.03
16.41
0.27
37.24
0.92
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.22
0.66
na
na
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METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
0.28
0.83
LODs
LOQs
0.1
0.3
0.74
2.22
0.08
0.25
0.44
0.40
14.41
2.50
0.57
2.81
13.3
1.20
43.25
7.50
1.73
8.45
1.41
1.40
0.01
0.34
0.32
0.16
4.23
4.20
0.03
1.02
0.96
0.48
0.07
0.22
0.3
0.9
1.90
0.57
25.82
4.58
2.32
1.15
1.64
1.52
5.70
1.72
77.21
13.74
7.75
3.56
5.02
4.60
0.16
0.18
0.18
1.58
0.1
0.1
0.1
na
0.48
0.54
0.54
4.74
0.3
0.3
0.3
na
80.98
242.94
0.1
0.3
0.76
0.52
1.70
0.66
4.23
1.76
2.53
1.58
5.1
20.01
12.69
5.28
0.05
0.5
na
0.1
0.1
0.33
0.15
1.5
na
0.3
0.3
0.99
2.12
3.36
0.38
14.96
0.56
6.38
10.09
1.14
44.88
1.67
0.14
na
0.18
0.18
0.1
0.42
na
0.54
0.54
0.3
19.73
2.52
49.21
8.60
0.18
0.18
0.54
0.54
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CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
Treatment of prostatic hyperplasia
TAMSULOSIN
Veterinary pharmaceuticals
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
X-ray contrast agents
IOPROMIDE
Endocrine disrupting compounds EDCs
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
1.26
3.78
28.11
84.34
9.43
28.29
0.96
3.00
1.06
3.20
2.26
6.78
0.67
2.01
3.06
9.20
9.01
27.03
LODs
LOQs
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
Na
na
0.21
0.63
0.1
0.3
0.18
0.54
0.1
0.3
0.04
0.12
0.1
0.3
0.26
0.80
0.01
0.03
16.17
0.85
1.54
2.14
5.46
7.50
1.60
1.30
0.11
48.50
2.68
4.64
6.43
16.50
22.50
4.81
3.90
0.33
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1
7.29
0.24
0.93
0.01
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
3
21.90
0.72
3
0.03
0.36
1.08
0.24
0.72
0.013
0.5
0.034
62
0.15
0.012
0.005
17
0.043
1.5
0.12
186
0.46
0.035
0.015
51
0.46
0.03
0.009
3.16
0.05
0.014
0.014
1.69
1.38
0.09
0.03
9.48
0.15
0.42
0.42
5.07
1
0.044
3
0.132
0.01
0.1
0.03
0.3
0.031
0.29
0.093
0.89
0.018
0.01
0.054
0.03
Alkylphenolic compounds
Nonylphenol (NP)
Nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO)
Nonylphenol monocarboxylate (NP1EC)
Nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO)
Octylphenol (OP)
Octylphenol diethoxylate (OP2EO)
Octylphenol monocarboxylate(OP1EC)
Octylphenol monoethoxylate (OP1EO)
Anticorrosives
1H-Benzotriazole (BT)
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
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Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
0.2
0.6
0.021
0.063
LODs
LOQs
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
0.036
0.17
0.118
0.51
0.235
0.087
0.706
0.261
0.043
0.037
0.046
0.17
0.059
0.03
0.05
0.056
0.038
0.14
0.129
0.111
0.134
0.31
0.180
0.09
0.15
0.168
0.120
0.45
0.07
0.07
0.02
0.2
0.025
0.006
0.03
0.017
0.012
0.03
0.21
0.21
0.06
0.6
0.075
0.018
0.1
0.051
0.036
0.1
0.034
0.12
0.008
0.102
0.36
0.024
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
1
3
0.01
0.03
1
3
0.24
0.72
0.30
1.00
0.25
0.75
0.30
0.80
1.00
6.00
0.25
0.67
0.75
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.60
0.60
1.00
0.17
0.17
0.25
0.50
0.50
0.75
2.00
6.00
1.67
5.00
Natural and synthetic estrogens and conjugates
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol 17-glucuronide (E2-17G)
Estriol (E3)
Estriol 16-glucuronide (E3-16G)
Estriol 3-sulfate (E3-3S)
Estrone (E1)
Estrone 3-glucuronide (E1-3G)
Estrone 3-sulfate (E1-3S)
Ethinyl estradiol (EE2)
Organophosphorus Flame Retardants
Tris(2-cloroetyl) phosphate (TCEP)
Tris(butoxietyl) phosphate (TBEP)
Tris(cloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCCP)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
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ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
Juvenile Hormone Mimics
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
2.00
6.00
0.30
1.00
LODs
LOQs
5.00
1.67
0.75
0.25
0.50
1.50
0.42
1.25
0.04
0.20
0.03
0.10
0.50
0.50
0.20
0.20
0.04
0.50
1.00
0.50
2.00
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.30
2.00
2.00
0.50
1.50
1.50
0.60
0.60
0.20
1.50
3.00
1.50
6.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
6.00
6.00
1.50
0.42
0.42
0.17
0.17
0.03
0.42
0.83
0.42
1.67
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.25
0.25
1.67
1.67
0.42
1.25
1.25
0.50
0.50
0.10
1.25
2.50
1.25
5.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.75
0.75
5.00
5.00
1.25
0.50
0.20
1.50
1.00
0.42
0.17
1.25
0.50
0.50
1.50
0.42
1.25
1.30
2.00
2.00
0.30
2.00
1.00
4.00
6.00
6.00
1.00
6.00
3.00
1.08
1.67
1.67
0.25
1.67
1.5
3.25
5.00
5.00
0.75
5.00
5
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTHYLAZINE DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE-2 HYDROXY
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Perfluorinated compounds
Perfluorocarboxilic acids (PFA)
PFBA
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
PFNA
PFDA
PFUdA
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
PFHxDA
PFODA
Perfluorosulfonates
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
L-PFHpS
L-PFOS
i.p-PFNS
L-PFDS
Perfluorosulfonamide
PFOSA
UV-filters
Benzophenone derivatives
2.2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
(DHMB)
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
1.00
3.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
3.00
1.00
3.00
0.50
1.50
LODs
LOQs
1.50
5.00
1.50
5.00
1.50
5.00
1.50
5.00
1.25
0.42
2.00
10.00
1.50
7.00
1.00
0.30
5.00
1.00
0.83
0.25
2.50
0.75
0.040
0.040
0.400
0.400
0.040
0.400
0.400
0.040
0.040
0.040
0.020
0.020
0.040
0.800
0.100
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.100
1.000
1.000
0.100
0.100
0.100
0.050
0.050
0.100
2.000
0.133
0.133
1.333
0.330
0.133
1.333
1.333
0.085
0.100
0.100
0.067
0.067
0.133
2.667
0.400
0.400
4.000
1.000
0.400
4.000
4.000
0.400
0.360
0.400
0.200
0.200
0.400
8.000
0.020
0.004
0.040
0.004
0.040
0.004
0.500
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.100
0.010
0.413
0.013
0.133
0.013
0.133
0.013
2.000
0.040
0.400
0.040
0.400
0.040
0.02
0.06
0.5
1.5
1.1
3.3
3
9
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WP4: QUALITY
4.4'-Dihidroxybenzophenone (4DHB)
4-Hydroxybenzophenone (4HB)
Benzophenone-1 (BP1)
Other UV-filters
4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC)
Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (Et-PABA)
Ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (OD-PABA)
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC)
Octocrylene (OC)
Illicit drugs
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
(±)-Methamphetamine
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Cannabinoid derivative
(-)-Δ9-THC
(±)-11-hydri-Δ9-THC
(±)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
(±)-EDDP perchlorate
(±)-Methadone hydrochloride
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
0.4
1.2
0.2
0.6
1.08
3.24
2
6
1
3
LODs
LOQs
2.8
8.4
2.4
7.2
15.5
46.5
8
24
0.8
2.4
1.1
0.5
0.1
0.72
3
3.3
1.5
0.3
2.16
9
8
0.8
0.5
1.6
2.2
24
2.4
1.5
4.2
6.6
0.930
0.100
0.045
0.045
2.78
0.3
0.135
0.135
0.130
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.390
0.06
0.09
0.21
0.170
0.100
1.36
0.510
0.300
4.08
0.120
0.02
na
0.360
0.06
na
3.56
1.58
3.26
2.72
3.62
10.68
4.74
9.78
8.16
10.86
0.84
1.89
na
2.10
2.11
2.52
5.67
na
6.30
6.33
0.02
0.100
0.02
0.06
0.3
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.105
0.21
0.21
0.315
0.05
0.02
0.15
0.06
0.03
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.05
0.12
0.8
0.50
0.15
0.36
2.4
1.5
0.09
0.120
0.042
0.130
0.18
0.36
0.126
0.360
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WP4: QUALITY
Morphine
Emerging halogenated flame retardants
Emerging BFRs
DBDPE
DPMA
HBB
PBEB
Halogenated Norbonens
anti-DP
Dec602
Dec603
Dec604
syn-DP
Polybromodiphenyl ethers
BDE-100
BDE-153
BDE-154
BDE-183
BDE-209
BDE-28
BDE-47
BDE-99
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
Organochlorine compounds
1.2.3-trichlorobenzene
2.4’-DDD
2.4’-DDE
2.4’-DDT
4.4’-DDD
4.4’-DDE
4.4’-DDT
Aldrin
alfa-endosulfan
alfa-HCH
beta-endosulfan
beta-HCH
delta-HCH
Dicofol
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
0.300 0.900
LODs
LOQs
0.134
0.312
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.086
0.4
17.30
0.03
0.258
1.2
51.90
0.09
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.0013
0.0013
0.4
0.2
0.02
0.0039
0.0030
1.2
0.6
0.06
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
7.3
0.0095
0.0084
0.018
0.025
0.015
0.005
0.0047
21.9
0.0285
0.0252
0.054
0.076
0.045
0.015
0.15
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.18
0.28
0.58
0.72
0.10
1.04
0.36
0.49
0.75
22.30
5.38
27.10
0.31
1.99
6.74
0.54
0.84
1.74
2.16
0.3
3.12
10.08
1.50
2.25
66.90
16.14
81.3
0.93
6.00
20.22
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WP4: QUALITY
Dieldrin
Endosulfan_sulfate
gamma-HCH
Heptachlor
Heptachlor-endo
Heptachlor-exo
Hexachlorobenzene
Isodrin
Other
Trifluraline
PAHs
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[g.h.i]perylene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Chrysene
Dibenzo[a.h]anthracene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Indeno[1.2.3-c.d]pyrene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
PCBs
PCB101
PCB118
PCB138
PCB149
PCB153
PCB170
PCB18
PCB180
PCB194
PCB28
PCB31
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
LODs
LOQs
1.44
4.32
6.12
18.36
0.88
2.64
6.17
18.51
5.15
15.46
4.72
14.16
0.05
0.15
2.15
6.45
na
na
0.24
0.72
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.38
0.86
0.52
0.10
0.26
0.19
0.38
0.24
0.12
1.93
0.16
0.34
0.42
1.38
0.32
71.74
1.14
2.58
1.56
0.3
0.78
0.60
1.14
0.72
0.36
6
0.48
10.2
1.26
4.14
0.96
215.22
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.38
0.92
0.78
0.80
0.24
0.70
0.94
1.24
0.26
0.40
0.32
10.06
2.76
2.34
2.40
0.72
2.1
2.82
3.72
0.78
1.2
0.96
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WP4: QUALITY
PCB44
PCB52
Water (ng/L)
LODs
LOQs
na
na
na
na
LODs
LOQs
0.32
0.96
0.32
0.96
na: not analyzed
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WP4: QUALITY
Annex II. EC50 for fish. Daphnia (Daphnia magna) and algae for the most ubiquitous
contaminants detected in the four River basin.
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
Ref.
EC50 (mg/L)
PHARMACEUTICALS
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
378
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE (PNEC)
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
9.2
134
16
532
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
EC50 (mg/L) ECL50 (mg/L)
Ginebreda et al. 2010
1.8 Sanderson et al. 2004
14.5 Ginebreda et al. 2010
23
22
-
5
3.9
32
9.02
26
248
4 Ginebreda et al. 2010
34
428000
3
15
3304
6.7
15584 MacGilivaruly. 2012
9.8
3.5
1 Sanderson et al. 2004
300
1.97
101.6
3.07
0.037
19.87
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University of Herfordshire. 2011
Sanderson et al. 2004
WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
100
60
2.97
61.5
1060
1000
4.3
40.4
562.5
220
795
31.75
25.2
6
121
33200
6
16
1345
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
-
200 -
73000
3690
944
63.9
1.7
0.51
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BENZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
Ref.
EC50 (mg/L) EC50 (mg/L) ECL50 (mg/L)
1076
63
6
0.9
1.8 -
35.4
30
10.4
-
76.3
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
IOPROMIDE
Endocrine disrupting compounds EDCs
Nonylphenol (NP)
2.5
60
1750
8650000
7660000
0.3
0.14
40
12.2
12.2 University of Herfordshire. 2011
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
2.3
34.3
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
4
18.7
4.6
Brausch & Rand. 2011
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
0.12
0.27
0.01
0.39
0.02
0.00053
Estradiol (E2)
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
2.1
2.1
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
Others
Caffeine
46
46
0.16
7.75
2.7
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
5.4
2.39
0.87
1.5
3.1
4.3
0.19
0.55
0.15
0.81
9 University of Herfordshire. 2011
0.18
0.65
0.0094
0.008
0.36
168.6
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
ALACHLOR
METOLACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
Ref.
1.8
10
3.9
23.5
0.27
0.4
211
85
10 University of Herfordshire. 2011
0.08
0.02
1.1
0.0013
3.3
0.00125
90.4
0.5
1.3
0.0002
0.0011
0.00025
0.0001
0.001
0.0011
0.56
0.000056
0.0086
0.8
0.0057
0.01
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
7.15
1.36
0.48
6.4
0.42
30.2
1.3
WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
Ref.
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
0.018
0.0007
13
9.1
0.022
167.5
1.5
0.0025
0.5
2.7
0.0073
3
0.69
48
0.78
2.1
3.2
0.42
0.47
16
14.9
4.5
85
17.5
90
14
17.7
1.1
40
0.1
0.18
0.04
0.009
2.2
18
2.5
1.1
21.2
42
2.8
2.06
0.012
0.14
3.8
0.0024
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
PFBA
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
PFNA
PFDA
PFUdA
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
PFHxDA
PFODA
Perfluorosulfonates
4.4
2.79
6.7
18
5.7
0.58
273.92
177.62
262.15 Durjava et al. 2012
260.82
207
748.098 Durjava et al. 2012
120.64
35.98
33.84
36.84
92.8
77.1
56.4
73.68
481.632
437.414
318.66
241.916
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Durjava et al. 2012
Durjava et al. 2012
Durjava et al. 2012
Durjava et al. 2012
WP4: QUALITY
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
L-PFHpS
L-PFOS
i.p-PFNS
L-PFDS
PFOSA
UV-filters
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
502
3.64
-
EC50 (mg/L)
1938
37.36
4.8
Ref.
ECL50 (mg/L)
645 Comonwealth of Australia. 2005
3M Company .2013
-
-
-
-
2.2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB)
Other UV-filters
0.62
1.9
Fent et al. 2010
0.56
9.9
Fent et al. 2010
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
Octocrylene (OC)
Illicit drugs
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
0.29
9.87
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Fent et al. 2010
WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
EC50 (mg/L)
Ref.
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
5.482
257
32
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WP4: QUALITY
Annex III. PNEC for fish. Daphnia (Daphnia magna) and algae for the most ubiquitous
contaminants detected in the four River basin.
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PHARMACEUTICALS
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
378000
16000
532000
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE (PNEC)
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
5000
3900
32000
9200
23000
22000
93700
9020
26000
248000
4000
18000
164000
MacGilivaruly. 2012
34000
428000
3000
15000
3304
6700
22000
15584
1100
MacGilivaruly. 2012
9800
3500
1000
378000
1970
101600
3070
37
19870
-
134000
1800
14500
Ref.
-
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
378000
60000
61500
378000
0.02
1000000
2970
2
4300
40400
University of Herfordshire 2011
562500
220000
795000
31750
25200
0.02
0.02
0.12
6000
16000
33200000
1345000
511000
-
-
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Ref.
WP4: QUALITY
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Histamine H1 and H2 receptor
antagonists
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
1000000
-
2800000
200000
Ref.
-
12160
944000
386770
63900
212380
7900
MacGilivaruly. 2012
1700
510
800
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WP4: QUALITY
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BENZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
1076000
63000
66000
6000
30000
18000
900
1800
10400
4000
-
180
35400
76300
85000
340
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Ref.
MacGilivaruly. 2012
MacGilivaruly. 2012
WP4: QUALITY
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
IOPROMIDE
Endocrine disrupting compounds
EDCs
Nonylphenol (NP)
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
2500
60000
2660
8650000000
7660000000
370000000
300
140
40000
12200
Ref.
University of Hertfordshire 2011
12200
Octylphenol (OP)
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
Ref.
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
2300
34300
4000
18700
4600
120
270
10
390
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
20
0.53
Natural and synthetic estrogens and
conjugates
Estradiol (E2)
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
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WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
2100
2100
2000
46000
46000
160
2000
7750
2700
5400
2390
110
870
1500
3100
4300
1480
5.5
190
550
150
810
7700
9000
0
180
0
9.4
0
6500
Ref.
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
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WP4: QUALITY
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
650
PNEC (ng/L)
8
PNEC (ng/L)
2200
Ref.
360
1800
3900
168600
10000
23500
0.27
966
57100
270
400
150
211000
85000
10000
80
20
1100
1.3
3300
1.25
90400
500
1300
0.2
1.1
0.25
0.1
1
1.1
560
0.056
8.6
0
7150
1360
480
6400
420
30200
0
1300
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WP4: QUALITY
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
800
PNEC (ng/L)
5.7
PNEC (ng/L)
1790
Ref.
10
18
9100
1500
2700
690
0.7
22
2.5
7.3
48000
13000
167500
500
3000
780
2100
3200
420
470
330
400
16000
14900
500
4500
85000
5.9
17500
90000
14000
17700
1100
40000
100
180
40
9
2200
21200
12
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WP4: QUALITY
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
PFBA
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
PFNA
PFDA
PFUdA
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
18000
2500
1100
PNEC (ng/L)
42000
2800
2060
PNEC (ng/L)
140
3800
2.4
Ref.
4400
2790
1960
6700
18000
5700
580
2.7
13
273920
177620
262150
Durjava et al. 2012
260820
207000
748098
Durjava et al. 2012
120640
35980
33840
36840
92800
77100
56400
73680
481632
437414
318660
241916
Durjava et al. 2012
Durjava et al. 2012
Durjava et al. 2012
Durjava et al. 2012
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WP4: QUALITY
PFHxDA
PFODA
Perfluorosulfonates
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
L-PFHpS
L-PFOS
i.p-PFNS
L-PFDS
PFOSA
UV-filters
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
Ref.
502000
1938000
645000
Comonwealth of Australia. 2005
3640
37360
23640
4800
-
-
3M Company. 2012
-
2.2'-Dihydroxy-4methoxybenzophenone (DHMB)
Other UV-filters
620
1900
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Fent et al. 2010
WP4: QUALITY
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
560
9900
Fent et al. 2010
290
9870
Fent et al. 2010
Ref.
Octocrylene (OC)
Illicit drugs
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
118710
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WP4: QUALITY
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
FISH
DAPHNIA
ALGAE
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
PNEC (ng/L)
15310
247080
Ref.
5482
257000
32000
MacGilivaruly. 2012
32000
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Annex IV. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of the studied
contaminants in water. sediment and biota of the four Mediterranean River Basins
Abbreviations used in the Tables:
a
min: minimum detected concentration (different from zero or non-detect)
max: maximum detected concentration
b
mean: non-detected are considered as zero
c
mean: only of samples showing detectable level
na: not analysed
--: not found in any of the samples
N.d.: not detected
<MLQ: below the method limits of quantification
Table 1. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in waters of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
Min
a
0.27
1.08
4.80
0.73
0.08
0.17
1.25
0.78
Max
142.89
44.07
129.05
3.56
179.31
33.02
153.09
0.80
Mean
b
49.32
7.07
23.40
0.85
64.07
5.33
28.78
0.63
Mean
c
53.11
7.61
27.30
1.32
74.75
5.74
28.78
0.80
Frequency
(%)
93
93
86
64
86
93
100
79
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
0.73
3.75
1.12
2.65
0.25 280.00
0.69
0.91
0.00
7.46
0.61 63.72
22.84 102.35
1.58
1.94
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Mean
b
0.84
0.83
35.75
0.48
1.94
8.34
38.40
1.50
Mean
c
1.31
1.45
35.75
0.75
2.26
12.98
38.40
1.90
Frequency
(%)
64
57
100
64
86
64
100
79
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
Mina Max
0.03 50.88
0.68
4.35
0.54
9.53
0.05
2.65
0.02 24.40
2.13
2.13
Meanb
20.45
1.96
2.08
2.08
3.33
1.52
Meanc
23.86
1.96
2.08
2.43
3.33
2.13
Frequency
(%)
86
100
100
86
100
71
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
0.69 90.53
0.80
2.61
0.35
0.57
0.39
4.32
0.83
1.11
na
na
Meanb Meanc
21.68
27.59
1.06
1.06
0.39
0.39
1.25
1.25
0.91
0.91
na
na
Frequency
(%)
79
100
100
100
100
na
0.50
0.47
1.28
0.59
0.97
0.14
0.02
1.17
1.89
0.16
0.90
0.27
12.91
8.41
26.41
20.00
28.33
12.66
10.07
6.20
43.55
41.91
17.01
150.43
5.69
3.27
9.52
4.99
5.81
1.81
1.86
1.14
7.93
4.80
5.88
17.20
9.95
3.82
22.22
4.99
5.81
1.81
2.89
2.66
7.93
4.80
7.48
17.20
57
86
43
100
100
100
64
43
100
100
79
100
2.12
0.19
4.67
4.11
0.57
0.17
na
3.88
14.95
na
0.04
1.85
4.02
12.20
5.08
8.60
3.71
0.46
na
4.48
24.30
na
1.98
60.22
1.28
1.54
4.80
4.43
3.28
0.27
na
2.37
19.11
na
0.46
8.02
2.57
1.54
4.80
4.43
3.28
0.27
na
4.15
19.11
na
0.50
8.02
50
100
100
100
100
100
na
57
100
na
86
100
0.57
18.62
7.32
7.32
100
1.23
42.73
6.09
6.09
100
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
Mina Max
8.48
8.48
Meanb
5.45
Meanc
8.48
Frequency
(%)
64
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
0.99
1.20
Meanb Meanc
1.02
1.02
Frequency
(%)
100
0.26
0.56
2.49
48.00
0.66
4.67
0.66
4.67
100
100
2.08
1.28
4.61
2.62
2.89
1.58
2.89
1.58
100
100
0.73
16.82
2.47
2.89
86
0.67
1.17
0.76
0.76
100
0.31
0.16
9.12
4.22
0.40
0.35
23.52
31.80
141.10
126.88
9.43
698.90
86
100
100
86
93
100
3.54
2.74
0.00
0.84
0.83
0.07
7.82
9.92
3.34
6.50
1.43
20.00
1.13
2.09
0.71
1.88
0.86
2.91
5.27
4.19
0.71
2.39
1.09
2.91
21
50
100
79
79
100
0.11
3.58
0.61
0.61
100
3.47
17.98
5.16
5.16
100
0.78
0.46
6.66
4.59
0.88
331.58
10.22
91.20
205.88
102.44
38.31
2.56
46.81
27.06
9.63
41.26
2.56
46.81
54.12
12.26
93
100
100
50
79
1.10
0.04
1.51
8.31
3.89
6.11
0.44
7.16
296.47
295.56
1.38
0.14
2.69
41.34
25.19
1.75
0.14
2.69
57.87
25.19
79
100
100
71
100
2.47
2.89
6.28
6.28
39.55
39.55
31.58
36.84
2.06
2.21
123.27 123.27
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
antagonists
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
Mina Max
1.18
2.85
0.36 12.41
0.09 223.81
Meanb
1.64
2.49
20.08
Meanc
1.64
2.49
23.42
2.75
793.33
227.72 227.72
0.39
0.26
2.55
0.66
6.35
0.16
19.42
1.85
2.55
9.46
6.35
18.44
2.37
0.63
1.64
2.71
5.89
3.73
0.82
0.79
2.07
0.22
0.08
3.19
24.55
2.07
302.67
7.82
0.54
2.74
24.61
64.04
Frequency
(%)
100
100
86
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
4.65
4.82
3.42
4.78
0.36 21.11
Meanb Meanc
4.68
4.68
3.67
3.67
1.71
3.99
Frequency
(%)
100
100
43
100
1.36
304.67
46.90
46.90
100
2.56
0.68
2.55
3.16
6.35
4.02
93
93
64
86
93
93
0.50
8.01
na
1.76
1.17
1.62
0.76
10.27
na
5.98
4.29
6.11
0.39
8.27
na
1.85
1.57
1.02
0.55
8.27
na
2.15
1.57
2.39
71
100
na
86
100
43
2.31
5.22
0.59
76.03
1.90
2.48
7.31
2.07
76.03
1.90
93
71
29
100
100
2.66
2.30
3.20
2.25
0.78
5.75
3.62
3.90
301.00
1.92
4.58
1.75
0.74
70.27
1.35
5.34
2.72
3.44
70.27
1.45
86
64
21
100
93
19.79
14.52
19.79
14.52
100
100
0.80
0.48
1.84
5.28
0.99
1.54
0.99
1.54
100
100
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
Treatment of prostatic hiperplasia
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
Mina Max
0.21 31.83
0.74 42.17
0.06 187.87
0.88
3.26
1.10
2.74
0.82
3.62
0.29 144.87
3.61
4.55
0.68 127.62
Meanb
4.44
35.84
37.08
1.53
1.50
1.85
10.81
3.81
24.10
Meanc
4.44
35.84
39.93
1.64
1.50
2.16
25.21
4.44
24.10
Frequency
(%)
100
100
93
93
100
86
43
86
100
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
0.67 20.32
0.31
9.39
0.89
3.28
4.23
4.42
14.59 20.19
8.84 12.46
7.72 50.77
0.23 34.27
0.21 26.29
Meanb Meanc
3.22
3.22
1.90
1.90
0.98
1.71
4.29
4.29
15.00
15.00
9.53
9.53
11.31
11.31
6.17
6.17
3.90
3.90
Frequency
(%)
100
100
57
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.30
0.67
0.42
0.45
93
0.22
0.45
0.24
0.24
100
0.03
0.14
0.30
0.40
0.52
4.93
0.45
0.28
0.14
24.28
1.34
2.37
3.22
4.85
18.39
37.85
1.95
12.92
15.62
1.08
2.05
1.90
1.18
6.28
7.96
0.49
1.32
15.62
1.17
2.21
2.65
2.35
9.78
7.96
0.85
1.32
100
93
93
71
50
64
100
57
100
3.30
0.29
0.07
5.24
1.46
0.00
1.43
2.24
2.10
5.11
2.19
7.18
6.43
2.56
0.00
5.23
2.37
7.84
3.45
0.44
0.67
5.34
0.29
0.00
1.83
0.49
3.46
3.45
0.44
0.67
5.34
2.01
0.00
1.97
2.30
3.46
100
100
100
100
14
0
93
21
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
Mina Max
0.11
0.49
Meanb
0.29
Meanc
0.45
0.60 1370.37 134.58 188.41
Frequency
(%)
64
71
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
na
Max
na
1.06
2.01
Meanb Meanc
na
na
0.63
Frequency
(%)
na
1.25
50
Table 2. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in waters of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
Mina
Max
1.49
0.49
0.36
0.54
0.20
0.00
0.36
2.32
0.24
292.78
64.41
96.21
1.48
867.82
27.21
42.84
2.32
114.04
Meanb Meanc
32.66
6.23
11.12
0.67
60.46
2.10
11.62
2.13
13.05
37.33
6.23
12.13
0.81
65.96
2.69
11.62
2.32
14.24
Frequency
(%)
88
100
92
83
92
75
100
92
92
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
0.76 36.18 2.28
1.11
8.27
1.30
0.20 165.26 14.59
0.68
1.10
0.73
0.26 50.63 5.14
0.25 10.63 1.61
9.40 178.62 30.97
0.00
1.53
0.19
1.06 289.47 22.49
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
5.03
1.68
14.59
0.73
5.39
2.72
30.97
0.22
29.11
Frequency
(%)
42
71
92
92
88
54
92
79
71
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
0.14 25.45
3.43
3.75
0.11 40.72
3.57
3.57
2.65
2.65
2.54
2.65
0.38 102.67 6.49
6.78
2.13
2.13
1.60
2.13
Frequency
(%)
92
100
96
96
75
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
0.83
5.71
1.39
1.39
0.35
6.13
0.56
0.82
0.39
4.56
1.02
1.12
0.85 14.01 1.52
1.52
0.00
0.90
0.11
0.35
Frequency
(%)
92
63
83
92
29
12.91 12.91
0.42 153.72
1.01 26.41
4.06 16.34
0.16 65.63
0.08 18.58
0.02
1.83
1.20
5.20
0.20 17.45
0.09 31.03
0.38 27.40
0.41 15.00
3.77
9.09
11.10
4.63
5.27
1.16
0.15
1.36
2.84
2.08
6.52
1.67
12.91
9.09
22.20
4.63
5.27
1.21
0.23
2.33
2.84
2.08
7.45
1.67
29
100
50
100
100
96
67
58
100
100
88
100
0.84
0.02
4.63
na
0.03
0.15
24.57
3.84
1.88
0.76
0.54
1.34
5.12
76.87
5.11
na
32.60
8.14
24.57
6.10
31.72
2.89
3.64
14.19
0.56
4.47
4.76
na
3.46
0.52
1.12
1.69
4.26
0.93
1.18
2.52
1.53
4.47
4.76
na
3.46
0.67
24.57
4.13
4.26
0.93
1.36
2.52
33
92
92
0
92
71
4
38
92
92
79
92
0.22
0.82
2.48
6.75
2.48
8.10
100
83
1.21
0.99
41.52
1.07
6.57
1.02
6.57
1.02
92
92
4.94
8.48
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
0.33
0.55
1.80
2.13
0.65
0.99
0.65
0.99
100
100
1.66
1.27
3.57
34.34
2.36
3.00
2.36
3.00
92
92
0.54
12.64
1.71
1.96
88
0.68
5.67
0.91
1.06
79
0.18
0.02
0.05
0.31
0.30
0.56
2.53
42.60
68.49
220.63
17.68
261.54
0.90
3.31
8.67
25.48
2.02
63.76
0.90
3.61
8.67
30.58
2.02
63.76
100
92
100
83
100
100
4.04
4.86
0.61
2.96
8.41
1.06
0.00 347.95 16.49
0.96 72.50 4.32
0.10
2.17
0.77
0.07 59.56 4.16
4.45
4.66
16.49
6.79
0.94
4.16
13
21
92
58
75
92
0.00
1.84
0.19
0.20
96
3.47
5.29
5.29
92
0.35
0.12
0.59
0.02
0.01
0.67
605.26
3.98
87.31
124.71
4.58
1.86
37.60
1.10
22.54
11.12
2.60
1.39
37.60
1.10
22.54
26.69
2.97
1.39
100
100
100
42
88
100
1.10 81.35 4.74
0.04
1.82
0.21
0.75 49.28 4.50
0.17 132.94 13.75
3.89
5.38
4.20
4.65
4.79
4.69
5.22
0.21
4.50
20.17
4.20
4.69
83
92
92
63
92
92
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
11.58
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
Mina Max
0.00
5.40
0.60 52.86
Meanb Meanc
1.94
1.94
2.82
3.07
Frequency
(%)
100
92
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
3.41
4.94
0.31
9.21
Meanb Meanc
3.70
3.70
0.50
1.84
Frequency
(%)
92
25
4.03
318.00
80.89
80.89
100
1.17 574.17 40.56
40.56
92
0.34
0.23
0.07
0.99
5.15
0.15
4.83
0.92
2.55
17.28
6.35
20.83
0.67
0.43
2.13
1.33
6.30
1.87
0.73
0.45
2.43
2.45
6.30
2.05
92
96
88
54
100
92
0.49
8.01
na
1.74
1.15
1.61
0.40
8.27
na
1.74
2.19
0.62
0.52
8.27
na
1.92
2.19
1.70
71
92
na
83
92
33
0.73
0.42
2.07
0.03
0.32
2.47
55.64
2.07
293.00
10.81
1.88
3.73
0.35
29.28
1.87
1.96
4.26
2.07
29.28
1.95
96
88
17
100
96
1.90 14.18 4.27
1.09
4.83
1.44
1.59
3.32
0.70
2.35 111.00 17.06
0.08
2.86
1.33
5.22
2.44
2.58
17.06
1.33
75
54
25
92
92
0.74
0.28
0.32
24.61
65.44
22.37
23.61
7.75
1.26
23.61
7.75
1.31
100
100
96
0.81
0.48
0.64
1.35
1.89
1.90
92
92
92
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.63
9.57
na
2.54
7.00
1.97
7.43
22.61
11.12
1.35
1.89
1.90
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
42.17 42.17 40.42 42.17
0.68 305.62 30.58 30.58
1.02
2.51
1.04
1.31
1.11
1.68
1.57
1.57
0.39
2.47
1.86
1.86
0.31
1.64
0.63
1.08
4.55
4.55
3.60
4.55
0.52 110.48 9.00
9.00
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
96
100
79
100
100
58
79
100
Mina
0.30
0.88
4.23
14.59
8.93
7.68
0.23
0.19
Max
Meanb Meanc
6.98
1.59
1.59
26.07 1.80
3.96
4.79
4.36
4.36
14.61 14.59
14.59
10.70 9.51
9.51
8.82
7.96
7.96
32.87 8.17
8.17
22.57 2.33
2.33
Frequency
(%)
92
42
92
92
92
92
79
92
0.18
1.61
0.32
0.33
96
0.21
2.63
0.38
0.38
92
0.04
1.34
2.37
0.30
0.48
0.83
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.49
24.28
1.34
2.37
3.22
2.59
47.41
46.77
1.31
129.20
0.49
20.24
1.34
2.37
2.60
1.07
5.12
5.30
0.17
13.00
0.37
20.24
1.34
2.37
2.84
1.98
6.15
5.30
0.57
13.00
0.49
100
100
100
92
54
83
100
29
100
75
3.30
0.15
0.12
5.24
0.66
4.01
1.42
2.22
2.12
na
5.23
4.25
6.52
7.92
2.71
4.01
7.62
2.43
78.00
na
3.60
0.76
1.12
5.62
0.59
0.18
1.64
0.33
10.36
na
3.60
0.76
1.12
5.62
1.86
4.01
2.15
2.31
10.36
na
92
92
92
92
29
4
67
13
92
na
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
IOPROMIDE
Mina
Max
0.18
321.85
Meanb Meanc
24.29
24.29
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
Mina
100
1.04
Max
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
26.30
Meanb Meanc
1.68
3.69
Frequency
(%)
42
WP4: QUALITY
Table 3. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in waters of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
Min
a
0.12
1.18
0.53
1.74
0.09
0.55
0.08
0.36
0.07
1.05
7.31
0.09
0.23
0.42
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
0.68
2.82
10.13
1.83
3.91
1.55
6.37
0.41
12.21
1.33
7.31
0.32
0.28
0.44
0.12
1.54
2.12
1.63
0.60
0.69
2.84
0.37
2.52
1.17
5.75
0.12
0.17
0.43
0.33
1.85
2.23
1.76
0.86
0.82
2.88
0.37
3.09
1.18
7.31
0.14
0.24
0.43
33
80
93
87
67
80
93
93
80
93
73
80
67
93
0.37
1.11
1.06
0.34
0.43
0.00
1.98
0.00
0.44
0.83
0.19
0.40
0.44
0.00
6.47
0.85
6.44
1.44
11.26 3.88
1.20
0.67
5.10
0.51
2.95
0.44
127.96 22.70
4.00
0.28
8.57
2.26
3.61
1.13
5.87
0.62
5.06
1.08
10.48 1.34
1.59
0.12
1.81
1.58
4.05
0.72
1.53
0.53
23.66
0.30
2.98
1.15
0.85
1.12
1.54
0.16
47
93
100
93
33
87
100
100
80
100
73
100
87
80
0.22 1.06
0.78 3.06
26.41 26.41
0.43
1.78
4.06
0.55
1.75
26.41
73
93
13
0.84
0.00
4.63
1.30
33.22
6.25
0.98
2.66
4.88
40
100
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.39
2.50
4.88
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
Mina Max Meanb Meanc
0.04 4.11
0.78
1.55
0.11 12.56 3.82
4.87
0.44 1.16
0.82
0.89
0.02 0.02
0.02
0.02
1.30 1.30
0.09
1.30
2.18 2.18
2.18
2.18
0.01 0.62
0.37
0.43
0.04 1.12
0.50
0.57
0.24 13.21 4.93
5.29
Frequency
(%)
53
73
87
93
7
93
87
87
93
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
na
na
na
na
0.04
5.35
1.88
1.88
0.20
4.63
0.37
1.32
9.87 37.67 5.58
16.75
na
na
na
na
127.95 146.39 145.16 145.07
0.73
1.66
0.84
0.84
0.12
3.04
0.57
0.56
1.51
5.39
2.00
2.02
Frequency
(%)
na
20
33
33
na
100
100
73
100
0.16
0.57
0.31
1.08
0.13
0.67
0.22
0.85
53
73
1.18
0.99
18.15
3.57
3.20
1.18
3.34
1.19
100
100
0.33
1.84
0.33
2.08
0.33
2.01
0.33
2.01
93
93
0.03
1.29
4.06
4.96
0.48
1.56
0.51
1.58
100
100
1.59
2.33
1.57
2.00
73
0.34
13.09
1.50
1.56
100
1.84
1.01
0.75
3.23
1.17
7.18
2.37
1.07
1.33
2.39
1.07
1.62
93
93
80
na
3.82
0.26
na
4.58
27.40
na
0.56
2.56
na
4.20
2.72
na
13
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
1.85 7.88
2.89
6.44
0.00 0.56
0.20
0.23
0.70 3.27
1.10
1.30
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
47
87
80
Mina
0.60
0.00
0.60
Max
Meanb Meanc
21.06 1.71
5.13
21.24 1.69
1.95
37.36 3.22
3.95
Frequency
(%)
33
93
87
0.27
1.25
0.69
0.72
93
3.47
10.00
4.24
4.29
100
0.60
0.41
1.01
0.40
1.30
1.89
0.31
0.11
0.69
0.59
2.22
8.31
1.35
1.97
0.98
0.59
0.54
0.49
1.50
2.12
1.03
1.90
0.53
0.28
0.63
0.50
1.51
2.66
1.31
1.90
0.55
0.33
80
93
93
80
73
93
93
73
1.09
0.06
0.79
0.51
3.89
4.65
3.40
0.34
5.34
5.46
35.00
4.24
5.78
7.30
4.51
3.13
1.34
0.44
3.69
0.75
3.26
4.85
3.54
0.28
1.46
0.47
3.89
2.80
4.08
4.86
3.55
1.04
93
100
100
27
80
100
100
27
0.44
25.53
2.95
3.14
93
0.07
34.40
4.61
4.83
100
0.10
1.35
2.55
0.21
0.17
1.92
2.55
2.55
0.11
1.44
1.82
0.83
0.12
1.56
2.55
1.26
80
87
67
67
0.24
8.01
0.83
1.75
3.98
8.81
1.66
3.26
0.48
8.11
0.25
1.91
0.90
8.12
1.25
1.92
53
100
20
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
0.89 1.15
1.04
1.03
2.05 2.14
1.77
2.06
0.58
0.85
0.99
0.28
0.06
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
93
80
Mina
1.15
1.61
Max
4.00
2.17
Meanb Meanc
1.51
1.54
1.01
1.69
Frequency
(%)
100
60
1.40
0.85
1.92
22.10
0.56
0.86
0.12
0.76
4.03
0.23
0.88
0.85
1.61
4.23
0.23
93
13
47
93
93
1.84
0.54
2.04
0.19
0.05
5.54
4.36
6.21
9.80
2.79
1.91
1.08
1.88
3.62
0.65
2.44
1.47
2.91
3.79
0.68
80
73
67
100
100
24.61 24.61
0.03 0.15
0.51 1.86
0.46 42.17
0.82 0.98
0.74 1.15
2.25 3.43
1.22 1.68
1.38 1.75
0.11 7.87
0.24 3.05
24.61
0.08
0.71
15.53
0.70
0.91
2.47
1.37
1.13
4.54
0.59
24.61
0.08
0.72
16.69
0.89
0.97
2.70
1.38
1.58
4.64
0.61
93
93
93
93
73
87
87
93
67
87
93
0.79
0.46
0.71
0.29
0.45
4.23
14.59
9.10
7.76
0.23
0.20
5.40
10.16
3.94
4.86
6.25
4.44
14.67
10.67
8.38
22.07
7.24
1.19
1.26
1.20
0.98
0.87
4.31
14.60
9.69
7.90
2.61
1.17
1.22
1.32
1.24
1.02
1.45
4.31
14.60
9.68
7.91
3.24
1.24
100
100
100
100
60
100
100
100
100
87
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
0.10 0.40
0.15
0.18
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
80
Mina
0.20
Max
5.47
Meanb Meanc
0.57
0.60
Frequency
(%)
100
0.01
1.34
0.00
1.33
1.26
1.79
0.24
0.78
0.27
0.20
0.45
1.34
0.03
1.39
2.01
2.31
1.12
2.46
63.60
0.49
0.32
1.15
0.01
1.24
1.33
1.18
0.53
0.81
6.43
0.47
0.34
1.34
0.01
1.34
1.58
2.06
0.62
2.11
6.90
0.47
93
80
93
87
80
53
80
40
93
93
3.32
0.29
0.17
5.24
1.15
4.70
1.43
1.23
2.08
na
4.73
3.70
5.30
6.69
4.35
4.70
33.79
7.72
75.60
na
3.53
0.66
0.83
5.46
1.99
0.31
3.78
1.20
11.90
na
3.54
0.68
0.87
5.47
2.30
4.70
4.25
3.14
12.60
na
100
100
100
100
87
7
93
40
100
na
0.72
3.10
0.57
1.32
40
1.04
18.67
2.98
2.98
73
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 4. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in waters of the Guadalquivir River
Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
0.16
1.17
0.48
0.51
0.20
0.12
0.65
0.36
0.04
0.94
0.11
0.09
0.14
0.42
1.19
2.99
26.32
1.76
12.87
3.67
7.15
0.39
39.12
1.37
0.36
0.19
0.25
0.50
0.18
1.36
3.35
1.46
1.51
0.96
2.82
0.37
8.52
1.23
0.28
0.11
0.13
0.40
0.43
1.92
3.35
1.46
2.59
1.29
2.82
0.37
8.52
1.23
0.35
0.13
0.20
0.45
42
71
100
100
58
75
100
100
96
100
79
83
63
88
0.04 1.85
0.24
0.18 3.12
1.57
0.33 59.58 12.86
0.44 2.98
1.84
0.10 6.97
1.60
0.48 5.88
1.61
3.43 19.75
6.08
0.33 0.45
0.30
0.00 115.79 23.78
0.23 0.36
0.27
0.07 1.40
0.38
0.15 0.15
0.12
0.62 2.80
2.01
0.00 0.06
0.01
0.36
1.57
12.86
2.01
1.92
2.41
6.08
0.38
23.78
0.27
0.38
0.15
2.01
0.02
67
100
100
92
83
67
100
79
100
100
100
79
100
54
0.22
0.80
1.66
2.26
0.35
2.00
0.70
2.00
50
100
0.09
1.22
0.76
5.21
58
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
1.87
7.62
0.44
5.21
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
Mina Max Meanb
26.41 26.41 15.41
0.02 4.11
1.80
0.11 12.56 5.29
0.11 0.98
0.90
0.02 0.02
0.01
1.21 2.88
0.45
2.18 2.18
2.18
0.04 0.65
0.37
0.15 8.83
2.74
0.16 1.66
0.32
Meanc
26.41
1.80
6.04
0.90
0.02
1.78
2.18
0.47
2.86
0.32
Frequency
(%)
58
100
88
100
67
25
100
79
96
96
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
0.05 1.50
0.51
0.72
0.32 11.78
6.97
6.97
0.53 1.67
1.30
1.30
1.70 3.19
2.71
2.71
2.00 10.07
2.90
4.35
0.30 4.08
1.28
2.05
na
na
na
na
0.20 1.07
0.49
0.49
0.28 2.33
1.18
1.18
0.84 4.78
2.59
2.59
Frequency
(%)
71
100
100
100
67
63
na
100
100
100
0.20
0.58
6.48
8.48
1.29
1.27
1.63
1.61
79
79
0.02
0.33
4.82
0.99
1.28
0.72
1.28
0.72
100
100
0.33
0.58
0.77
2.08
0.41
1.60
0.41
1.60
100
100
0.09
0.01
0.59
2.88
0.47
1.63
0.47
1.63
100
100
0.53
1.59
0.57
0.76
75
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
100
0.03
0.23
3.21
1.35
1.51
0.86
1.51
1.08
100
79
0.24
0.10
2.55
3.86
0.96
1.75
1.36
1.83
71
96
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
Mina Max Meanb
0.73 12.49 1.42
1.57 11.88 3.42
0.00 0.58
0.04
0.62 30.11 2.32
Meanc
1.42
8.20
0.05
2.65
Frequency
(%)
100
42
88
88
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
0.75 2.42
0.64 0.64
0.89 1.68
1.01 4.46
Meanb Meanc
1.38
1.38
0.64
0.64
1.32
1.37
2.10
2.10
Frequency
(%)
100
100
96
100
0.03
1.41
0.50
0.50
100
0.27
1.78
0.85
0.85
100
0.60
0.40
1.20
0.18
1.30
1.25
0.29
0.12
0.85
0.63
25.80
18.64
3.24
1.90
0.96
0.55
0.66
0.54
2.50
4.75
1.75
1.71
0.52
0.24
0.69
0.54
2.50
4.75
1.75
1.71
0.52
0.41
92
100
100
100
100
100
92
58
0.83
0.58
0.10
1.22
3.58
0.07
0.54
0.16
2.26
0.97
3.18
50.12
5.92
1.74
2.41
0.79
1.17
0.82
1.60
13.05
4.43
1.15
1.28
0.48
1.17
0.82
1.60
14.91
4.43
1.15
1.28
0.48
100
100
100
88
100
100
100
100
0.04
77.33
6.91
6.91
100
2.58
51.47
16.31
16.31
100
0.10
0.24
2.55
0.64
1.83
2.55
0.20
1.01
1.70
0.25
1.05
2.55
79
96
67
0.01
1.64
0.09
34.25
8.37
17.61
1.94
2.21
0.86
1.94
2.21
0.86
100
100
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
Mina Max Meanb
0.21 9.27
1.24
1.04 1.47
1.21
0.16 2.31
0.92
0.58
0.79
1.00
0.34
0.02
Meanc
1.35
1.21
1.38
Frequency
(%)
92
100
67
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
0.07 4.20
0.50
0.50
0.19 11.37
1.26
1.26
1.71 49.72
4.54
4.54
Frequency
(%)
100
100
100
1.50
3.08
2.00
60.33
0.53
0.92
0.88
0.38
11.46
0.18
0.92
2.34
1.29
11.46
0.19
100
38
29
100
92
0.29 1.98
0.98
0.29 1.11
0.47
1.66 2.05
0.65
1.06 175.00 40.98
0.70 1.58
1.04
1.24
0.71
1.73
40.98
1.04
79
67
38
100
100
24.61 24.61
0.03 1.07
0.51 1.34
0.45 42.17
0.07 2.36
0.75 1.31
1.29 3.30
1.22 2.10
0.26 1.82
0.03 7.87
0.02 1.92
24.61
0.19
0.76
17.94
0.59
1.00
1.83
1.29
1.26
5.25
0.45
24.61
0.20
0.82
17.94
0.75
1.09
2.00
1.54
1.32
5.72
0.45
100
96
92
100
79
92
92
83
96
92
100
0.16
0.04
0.29
0.31
0.47
0.03
3.50
0.34
0.29
0.20
0.05
0.46
0.16
3.42
0.95
1.97
0.26
4.19
1.02
1.91
3.82
0.34
100
100
100
100
96
100
100
83
88
100
100
0.77
1.29
14.94
3.14
6.70
1.19
4.82
1.82
4.87
40.27
1.98
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.46
0.16
3.42
0.95
1.88
0.26
4.19
0.85
1.67
3.82
0.34
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pharmaceuticals
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
0.10
0.29
0.19
0.24
79
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
100
0.01
1.34
0.00
1.33
1.27
1.65
0.17
0.02
0.21
0.02
24.28
1.34
2.37
2.89
2.40
2.76
3.20
2.52
0.69
0.49
1.10
1.17
0.11
1.58
1.14
0.68
0.50
0.48
0.31
0.44
1.14
1.34
0.11
2.02
1.46
1.95
0.57
1.00
0.31
0.46
96
88
96
75
75
33
88
46
96
96
0.53
0.01
0.10
0.35
0.04
3.56
0.07
4.60
0.15
na
1.39
0.02
0.19
0.97
0.20
3.65
0.62
9.86
1.69
na
1.08
0.02
0.17
0.70
0.04
0.42
0.32
3.30
0.30
na
1.08
0.02
0.17
0.70
0.10
3.60
0.32
7.70
0.30
na
100
100
100
100
38
8
100
38
100
na
0.40
2.61
0.85
1.45
58
0.70
7.11
2.30
2.40
96
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 5. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Llobregat River
Basin
2010
Concentration ng/g d.w.
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
2011
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
0.31 1.47 0.23
0.25 0.49 0.27
0.25 3.13 0.83
0.54 0.85 0.71
0.15 3.85 0.67
0.16 1.41 0.32
2.84 21.29 10.52
1.16 1.16 1.08
0.27 1.16 0.15
0.05 0.29 0.10
0.02 0.09 0.02
1.32 1.32 1.23
0.09 0.19 0.10
0.06 0.07 0.03
0.54
0.35
0.83
0.71
1.34
0.41
10.52
1.16
0.53
0.10
0.05
1.32
0.10
0.07
43
79
100
100
50
79
100
93
29
100
36
93
93
43
1.18
0.24
0.28
0.26
na
0.25
10.34
0.01
0.35
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.22
na
2.75 1.80
0.30 0.10
4.23 0.79
0.33 0.30
na
na
2.51 0.60
22.02 14.98
0.14 0.02
0.35 0.35
0.28 0.23
0.18 0.07
0.23 0.16
0.28 0.13
na
na
1.80
0.28
0.79
0.30
na
1.05
14.98
0.02
0.35
0.23
0.17
0.16
0.26
na
100
36
100
100
na
57
100
100
7
100
43
100
50
na
0.29 0.29
1.28 23.54
0.29
3.42
50
100
0.31
5.57
3.13
7.92
0.81
6.70
50
100
0.14
3.42
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.41
6.70
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
Frequency
(%)
71
93
100
100
64
14
100
71
86
100
2011
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.03 0.27 0.08
0.08
0.06 0.12 0.04
0.08
0.25 10.52 1.51
2.12
1.95 2.16 0.58
2.02
na
na
na
na
0.37 0.49 0.44
0.44
1.40 4.33 2.23
2.84
0.38 0.77 0.50
0.50
Frequency
(%)
Na
Na
100
43
71
29
Na
100
79
100
Mina
0.14
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.09
0.45
11.39
0.04
0.01
0.00
Max Meanb Meanc
0.18 0.12
0.16
0.20 0.10
0.10
1.00 0.22
0.22
0.06 0.01
0.01
0.15 0.09
0.15
0.45 0.06
0.45
11.39 11.39
11.39
0.27 0.05
0.07
1.03 0.14
0.17
0.08 0.01
0.01
0.25
0.01
6.53
2.92
2.28
0.37
2.28
0.40
100
93
0.26
0.11
7.00
0.21
1.49
0.13
1.49
0.14
100
93
0.57
1.14
0.57
1.24
0.53
1.21
0.57
1.21
86
100
na
0.78
na
0.94
na
0.88
na
0.88
Na
100
0.15
0.15
0.10
0.15
64
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.06
71
0.34
0.02
1.39
1.60
0.53
0.40
0.62
0.47
86
86
na
0.65
na
0.74
na
0.24
na
0.68
Na
36
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
0.23 0.82 0.41
0.41
0.26 0.69 0.17
0.39
0.01 0.75 0.12
0.17
0.45 4.93 1.04
1.04
Frequency
(%)
100
43
71
100
2011
0.08 0.21 0.11
0.11
0.39 0.69 0.18
0.51
0.40 0.87 0.41
0.52
0.17 0.25 0.06
0.20
Frequency
(%)
100
36
79
29
0.27
0.87
0.37
0.37
100
0.40
2.87
0.66
0.71
93
0.07
0.00
0.03
0.39
0.27
0.36
0.24
0.46
0.10
0.45
6.90
1.31
1.82
0.40
1.13
0.58
0.06
0.21
2.16
1.24
0.34
0.39
0.44
0.18
0.08
0.21
2.16
1.24
0.43
0.39
0.44
0.51
71
100
100
100
79
100
100
36
0.19
0.58
0.50
0.37
0.38
0.35
0.34
na
0.20
0.70
0.88
1.12
0.80
0.42
0.49
na
0.04
0.65
0.69
0.39
0.28
0.39
0.41
na
0.19
0.65
0.69
0.61
0.48
0.39
0.41
na
21
100
100
64
57
100
100
Na
0.18
0.20
0.18
0.18
100
0.28
0.46
0.35
0.35
100
1.16
0.40
--
1.16
0.69
--
0.50
0.50
--
1.16
0.50
--
43
100
--
0.04
4.51
na
0.06
5.49
na
0.05
5.10
na
0.05
5.10
na
100
100
Na
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
0.26 1.08 0.49
0.49
0.03 0.29 0.09
0.09
0.39 0.62 0.29
0.58
0.17
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.11
Frequency
(%)
100
100
50
2011
0.28 0.47 0.35
0.35
0.54 2.14 0.72
0.72
0.42 0.51 0.20
0.47
Frequency
(%)
100
100
43
0.19
0.12
0.11
2.99
0.15
0.12
0.02
0.05
0.47
0.13
0.18
0.04
0.07
0.47
0.15
64
50
64
100
86
0.26
na
0.24
0.30
0.23
0.30
na
6.67
2.13
0.45
0.10
na
0.75
0.52
0.30
0.28
na
1.50
0.52
0.30
36
Na
50
100
100
0.01 0.81
0.10 0.52
0.17 15.13
0.08 0.74
0.31 1.87
0.23 0.59
1.00 1.11
0.20 0.52
0.53 69.54
0.01 1.44
0.01 2.90
0.17
0.21
2.34
0.25
0.66
0.34
0.54
0.27
6.11
0.24
0.37
0.27
0.25
2.34
0.25
0.84
0.37
1.08
0.27
7.13
0.24
0.37
64
86
100
100
79
93
50
100
86
100
100
0.19
0.21
0.48
0.25
0.47
0.32
0.39
0.16
1.36
0.03
0.21
0.25
0.31
1.16
1.02
0.51
0.38
0.46
0.76
3.83
4.71
0.25
0.22
0.16
0.62
0.38
0.49
0.20
0.34
0.20
1.77
0.53
0.23
0.22
0.25
0.62
0.38
0.49
0.35
0.43
0.48
1.77
0.53
0.23
100
64
100
86
14
57
79
43
100
100
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
2011
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
0.03
100
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.04
93
0.15
0.48
0.00
0.34
0.03
0.35
0.05
0.15
0.32
0.23
0.17
0.67
0.00
0.59
0.44
0.41
0.05
0.36
0.32
0.23
86
71
100
57
7
86
100
43
100
100
1.66
0.12
0.08
1.23
6.28
1.47
0.16
0.68
0.32
na
2.03
0.15
0.62
1.50
7.63
1.61
0.20
0.78
2.22
na
1.87
0.14
0.25
1.38
6.60
0.44
0.10
0.26
0.59
na
1.87
0.14
0.25
1.38
7.11
1.53
0.18
0.74
0.59
na
100
100
100
100
93
29
57
36
100
Na
0.04
0.21
21
0.25
0.30
0.10
0.28
36
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
0.01
0.06
0.03
0.10
0.67
0.00
0.41
0.44
0.36
0.05
0.27
0.16
0.05
0.64
0.67
0.00
0.73
0.44
0.48
0.06
0.44
0.66
0.53
0.20
0.22
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
WP4: QUALITY
Table 6. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
2011
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
1.46 1.46
0.22 0.42
0.01 1.09
0.42 0.73
0.20 3.18
0.01 0.46
0.90 18.12
1.16 1.16
0.09 3.55
0.07 0.10
0.09 0.09
1.32 1.32
0.08 0.27
0.06 0.07
0.20
0.19
0.44
0.37
0.38
0.11
3.33
0.79
0.20
0.08
0.02
0.72
0.13
0.02
1.46
0.29
0.44
0.58
0.76
0.12
3.33
1.16
0.88
0.09
0.09
1.32
0.25
0.06
13
58
92
58
46
83
92
63
21
79
25
50
46
33
0.74
0.27
0.28
0.27
0.44
0.24
4.54
0.00
0.90
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.24
0.10
4.87
0.95
1.80
0.35
1.59
0.77
21.47
0.08
0.90
0.46
0.18
0.45
0.68
0.16
1.85
0.07
0.64
0.28
0.09
0.12
9.72
0.02
0.90
0.25
0.04
0.18
0.16
0.06
1.94
0.52
0.64
0.31
1.01
0.43
9.72
0.02
0.90
0.25
0.17
0.19
0.31
0.15
88
13
92
83
8
25
92
83
4
92
21
88
46
38
0.29
0.53
0.12
0.12
1.03
0.05
0.29
1.03
0.17
38
92
29
0.31 3.55
4.26 8.84
3.55 3.55
0.43
6.85
3.55
0.72
6.85
3.55
54
92
4
0.29
1.91
0.20
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
Frequency
(%)
83
75
83
29
17
92
67
58
92
2011
Mina
3.55
0.04
0.07
0.34
1.79
0.61
0.36
1.29
0.40
Max Meanb Meanc
4.66 4.61
4.61
0.55 0.10
0.11
0.18 0.05
0.10
5.61 0.88
1.20
3.55 0.99
2.18
0.86 0.85
0.85
0.56 0.45
0.45
3.42 1.59
2.06
0.75 0.57
0.57
Frequency
(%)
92
88
46
67
42
92
92
71
92
Mina
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.15
0.39
11.39
0.03
0.13
0.00
Max Meanb Meanc
0.25 0.14
0.16
0.56 0.04
0.05
0.09 0.03
0.04
0.39 0.06
0.20
1.08 0.11
0.63
11.39 11.39
11.39
0.13 0.05
0.08
0.46 0.14
0.21
0.07 0.01
0.01
0.13
0.01
5.82
0.17
1.23
0.02
1.23
0.03
92
46
0.22 2.92
0.11 0.60
1.27
0.16
1.27
0.16
92
92
0.57
0.60
0.57
1.13
0.57
0.86
0.57
0.86
92
92
na
na
0.78 1.05
na
0.90
na
0.90
na
88
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.15
29
0.06 0.12
0.04
0.07
54
0.27
0.01
0.20
0.94
0.73
0.37
0.62
0.16
0.19
0.72
0.24
0.26
79
58
67
na
na
0.59 0.86
0.08 3.79
na
0.16
0.31
na
0.72
0.31
na
21
92
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
0.03 0.27 0.05
0.13
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01
0.39 0.50 0.23
0.47
Frequency
(%)
33
42
46
2011
Mina
0.35
0.41
0.16
Max Meanb Meanc
3.00 0.36
0.71
0.51 0.13
0.46
0.87 0.09
0.32
Frequency
(%)
46
25
25
0.01
0.33
0.14
0.15
88
0.40 0.70
0.50
0.50
92
0.06
0.00
0.08
0.16
0.02
0.32
0.19
0.00
0.13
0.33
1.70
5.80
0.27
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.05
0.07
0.63
0.62
0.13
0.34
0.32
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.63
1.36
0.14
0.36
0.32
0.22
50
92
92
42
88
88
92
33
0.17
0.45
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.35
0.33
0.29
0.74
0.79
1.78
1.21
2.10
0.94
1.66
0.52
0.11
0.67
0.89
0.28
0.28
0.43
0.47
0.04
0.24
0.67
0.89
0.77
0.61
0.43
0.47
0.40
42
92
92
33
42
92
92
8
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
92
0.28 1.69
0.41
0.41
92
1.16
0.29
0.01
0.22
1.16
0.60
0.01
0.55
0.63
0.35
0.00
0.24
1.16
0.37
0.01
0.33
50
88
16.67
67
0.04 0.06
1.88 6.15
na
na
0.19 0.43
0.03
5.14
na
0.27
0.05
5.14
na
0.34
50
92
na
71
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
0.00 3.17 0.18
0.18
0.52 0.63 0.23
0.56
Frequency
(%)
92
38
2011
0.52 2.95 0.87
0.91
0.49 2.56 0.19
1.03
Frequency
(%)
88
17
0.15
0.04
0.05
0.00
0.01
0.23
0.78
0.12
0.54
0.71
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.06
0.05
0.18
0.29
0.07
0.07
0.05
29
13
33
88
83
0.26
na
0.25
0.28
0.18
0.34
na
0.67
0.41
0.46
0.11
na
0.26
0.33
0.29
0.29
na
0.34
0.35
0.30
33
na
71
88
88
0.01
0.21
0.06
0.06
0.24
0.20
0.47
0.14
0.40
0.03
0.02
0.31
0.25
0.41
0.34
1.28
0.37
1.01
0.27
3.07
2.48
0.02
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.15
0.44
0.14
0.78
0.26
0.02
0.12
0.25
0.13
0.14
0.51
0.31
0.64
0.18
0.86
0.27
0.02
46
33
88
92
29
46
63
71
83
88
92
0.19
0.20
0.48
0.25
0.43
0.29
0.39
0.00
1.32
0.03
0.20
0.36
0.43
1.18
0.71
0.74
0.72
3.69
1.64
2.18
5.71
0.31
0.23
0.14
0.61
0.34
0.25
0.23
0.59
0.53
1.60
0.45
0.25
0.24
0.28
0.61
0.34
0.54
0.50
0.59
0.53
1.67
0.53
0.25
88
46
92
71
42
42
92
92
88
79
92
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
0.01 0.02 0.01
0.02
Frequency
(%)
67
2011
0.04 0.08 0.04
0.05
Frequency
(%)
75
0.02
0.67
0.00
0.14
0.16
0.31
0.04
0.23
0.02
0.05
0.13
0.67
0.00
0.64
0.45
0.40
0.29
0.33
6.54
0.46
0.04
0.46
0.00
0.20
0.13
0.06
0.05
0.08
0.36
0.11
0.04
0.67
0.00
0.28
0.31
0.35
0.09
0.28
0.36
0.18
92
63
92
67
38
17
50
25
92
54
1.61
0.12
0.03
1.24
0.44
1.78
0.16
0.62
0.30
na
2.27
0.24
0.64
5.04
8.54
1.78
0.22
0.73
24.57
na
1.95
0.15
0.25
1.60
6.73
0.08
0.09
0.12
1.65
na
1.95
0.15
0.25
1.60
7.05
1.78
0.19
0.68
1.65
na
92
92
92
92
88
4
46
17
92
na
0.19
0.44
0.06
0.30
17
0.64 1.19
0.87
0.87
92
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 7. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
2011
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
0.26 1.42
0.25 0.47
0.12 0.59
0.44 0.79
0.12 2.45
0.08 0.33
1.18 12.15
1.16 1.16
0.09 0.91
0.40 0.48
0.02 0.10
1.32 1.32
0.10 0.24
na
na
0.17
0.28
0.31
0.56
0.41
0.12
4.21
1.07
0.10
0.47
0.05
0.81
0.17
na
0.56
0.36
0.37
0.66
0.67
0.15
4.21
1.16
0.44
0.47
0.09
1.32
0.20
na
27
67
73
73
53
73
87
80
20
87
47
53
73
Na
0.14
0.79
0.81
1.59
0.90
0.32
4.83
0.08
0.37
0.38
0.07
0.02
0.57
0.08
0.29
0.36
0.14
0.20
1.53
0.16
0.29
1.53
0.24
60
87
60
na
na
3.39 7.66
na
na
0.30
2.14
0.28
Mean
b
0.14 0.01
0.98 0.76
3.76 1.28
1.81 0.56
1.98 0.51
1.02 0.23
22.08 11.49
0.10 0.05
2.06 0.94
0.61 0.43
0.12 0.06
0.35 0.05
0.70 0.62
0.27 0.05
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
na
4.31
na
c
Frequency
(%)
0.14
0.88
1.36
1.67
1.27
0.57
10.88
0.09
0.94
0.43
0.08
0.13
0.62
0.12
7
87
87
33
40
40
100
53
20
100
73
40
100
47
na
4.07
na
na
100
na
Mean
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
Frequency
(%)
73
80
73
47
20
87
60
67
87
2011
Mina
4.01
0.00
na
0.92
1.59
0.19
0.29
1.60
0.54
Max Meanb Meanc
11.12 4.86
4.82
0.02 0.01
0.01
na
na
na
1.51 0.60
1.13
2.01 0.72
1.81
5.99 0.84
0.70
0.48 0.36
0.35
2.15 1.82
1.81
0.72 0.63
0.63
Frequency
(%)
100
80
na
53
40
100
100
100
100
Mina
0.09
0.11
0.05
0.30
0.48
11.39
0.04
0.03
0.04
Max Meanb Meanc
0.39 0.16
0.19
0.14 0.13
0.14
0.08 0.07
0.08
0.38 0.19
0.35
0.66 0.13
0.55
11.39 11.39
11.39
0.12 0.04
0.05
0.09 0.06
0.08
0.06 0.06
0.06
0.09
0.01
2.84
0.12
0.92
0.02
0.92
0.03
87
73
0.03 2.78
0.49 0.61
0.28
0.54
0.30
0.54
100
100
0.57
0.71
0.57
1.25
0.57
1.15
0.57
1.15
87
87
0.08 0.27
na
na
0.15
na
0.15
na
100
na
0.15
0.15
0.10
0.15
60
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
100
0.34
0.01
0.23
1.09
0.34
0.65
0.55
0.13
0.20
0.59
0.21
0.32
80
53
53
na
na
na
na
2.47 3.84
na
na
3.39
na
na
3.39
na
na
73
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
0.10 0.29 0.11
0.23
0.01 0.01 0.01
0.01
0.04 0.57 0.21
0.27
Frequency
(%)
40
47
67
2011
Mina
1.52
0.74
0.66
Max Meanb Meanc
3.39 2.25
2.25
1.01 0.17
0.86
1.44 0.65
0.82
Frequency
(%)
87
20
80
0.25
0.43
0.25
0.30
73
0.55 0.70
0.62
0.62
100
0.07
0.01
0.02
0.84
0.05
0.35
0.21
0.45
0.13
0.23
1.37
0.98
0.30
0.40
0.38
1.40
0.07
0.09
0.54
0.15
0.22
0.38
0.31
0.30
0.08
0.12
0.54
0.91
0.26
0.38
0.31
0.65
73
67
87
13
73
87
87
40
0.77
0.38
1.22
1.84
1.77
0.77
1.38
0.59
0.97
0.64
2.46
1.84
2.14
0.96
1.80
0.86
0.85
0.44
1.60
0.12
1.52
0.85
1.53
0.65
0.85
0.44
1.53
1.84
1.91
0.85
1.51
0.70
100
100
100
7
80
100
100
93
0.06
0.20
0.19
0.19
87
1.43 1.77
1.55
1.55
100
1.16
0.30
-0.24
1.16
0.67
-0.71
0.89
0.48
-0.41
1.16
0.48
-0.41
67
87
-87
0.21
1.54
0.77
0.14
0.27
1.70
0.90
0.33
0.27
1.70
1.03
0.33
100
100
87
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.28
1.92
1.06
0.89
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
0.01 0.08 0.04
0.04
0.36 0.62 0.23
0.49
Frequency
(%)
87
40
2011
0.46 1.03 0.56
0.53
2.11 2.58 2.29
2.28
Frequency
(%)
100
100
0.17
-0.06
0.03
--
0.19
-0.06
1.49
--
0.06
-0.01
0.19
--
0.18
-0.06
0.19
--
27
-20
87
--
0.43
0.50
0.37
0.19
0.46
0.84
0.67
1.07
0.42
1.13
0.20
0.08
0.33
0.15
0.73
0.51
0.59
0.49
0.28
0.70
40
13
67
53
100
0.01
0.10
0.19
0.07
0.28
0.24
0.51
0.14
0.36
0.30
0.02
0.35
0.36
0.33
0.50
0.45
0.40
1.11
0.28
1.15
0.86
0.02
0.14
0.06
0.20
0.17
0.23
0.13
0.45
0.19
0.58
0.09
0.02
0.17
0.27
0.26
0.22
0.37
0.28
0.98
0.21
0.63
0.58
0.02
73
20
67
67
53
40
40
80
80
13
87
0.63
na
0.59
0.58
0.60
0.17
3.06
0.34
1.79
0.29
0.03
0.78
na
0.78
1.40
0.63
0.38
3.78
0.51
2.06
7.56
0.05
0.23
na
0.67
0.76
0.08
0.13
3.36
0.41
0.88
0.87
0.05
0.70
na
0.66
0.72
0.61
0.22
3.33
0.41
1.89
0.90
0.05
33
na
100
100
13
53
100
100
47
100
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
0.01 0.03 0.02
0.02
Frequency
(%)
67
2011
Mina Max
na
na
Meanb Meanc
na
na
Frequency
(%)
na
0.02 0.15
0.67 0.67
--0.18 1.41
0.17 0.48
0.38 0.46
0.05 0.05
0.31 0.41
0.01 27.81
0.04 0.54
0.14
0.21
-0.82
0.05
0.22
0.04
0.19
3.56
0.16
0.14
0.67
-0.97
0.33
0.41
0.05
0.36
6.61
0.16
87
27
-73
13
47
73
47
47
87
1.27
na
na
4.18
0.36
1.49
0.01
na
0.01
na
1.84
na
na
5.16
0.44
1.95
0.10
na
2.95
na
1.16
na
na
4.55
0.05
0.34
0.01
na
0.29
na
1.45
na
na
4.54
0.40
1.71
0.03
na
0.31
na
80
na
na
100
13
20
33
na
100
na
0.12
0.03
0.17
13
1.04 1.88
1.32
1.34
100
0.21
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 8. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pharmaceuticals in sediments of the Guadalquivir River
Basin
2010
Pharmaceuticals
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
2011
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
0.00 1.46
0.04 0.41
0.01 3.42
0.05 0.52
0.60 1.26
0.01 2.39
1.17 15.19
1.16 1.16
0.14 0.48
0.08 0.49
0.10 0.10
1.32 1.32
0.01 0.27
1.07 1.07
0.13
0.11
0.55
0.20
0.41
0.32
4.62
0.39
0.05
0.36
0.01
0.44
0.02
0.13
0.19
0.24
0.66
0.37
1.10
0.36
4.62
1.16
0.25
0.41
0.10
1.32
0.05
1.07
71
46
83
54
38
88
100
33
21
88
8
33
42
13
1.18
0.24
0.28
0.26
na
0.25
10.34
0.01
0.35
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.22
na
2.75 1.80
0.30 0.10
4.23 0.79
0.33 0.30
na
na
2.51 0.60
22.02 14.98
0.14 0.02
0.35 0.35
0.28 0.23
0.18 0.07
0.23 0.16
0.28 0.13
na
na
1.80
0.28
0.79
0.30
na
1.05
14.98
0.02
0.35
0.23
0.17
0.16
0.26
na
100
36
100
100
na
57
100
100
7
100
43
100
50
na
0.26
0.19
0.28
0.40
0.31
0.40
92
100
0.31
5.57
3.13
7.92
0.81
6.70
50
100
0.43
1.84
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.41
6.70
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
Frequency
(%)
25
100
96
88
58
21
100
92
46
100
2011
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.03 0.27 0.08
0.08
0.06 0.12 0.04
0.08
0.25 10.52 1.51
2.12
1.95 2.16 0.58
2.02
na
na
na
na
0.37 0.49 0.44
0.44
1.40 4.33 2.23
2.84
0.38 0.77 0.50
0.50
Frequency
(%)
na
na
100
43
71
29
na
100
79
100
Mina
0.13
0.16
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.59
11.39
0.00
0.00
0.00
Max Meanb Meanc
0.42 0.08
0.31
0.24 0.23
0.23
0.02 0.00
0.00
0.06 0.04
0.05
0.45 0.17
0.29
0.63 0.13
0.60
11.39 11.39
11.39
0.14 0.10
0.11
0.49 0.07
0.15
0.12 0.03
0.03
0.03
0.00
2.64
0.29
0.84
0.13
0.84
0.14
100
92
0.26
0.11
7.00
0.21
1.49
0.13
1.49
0.14
100
93
0.57
0.11
0.57
1.08
0.57
0.65
0.57
0.65
100
100
na
0.78
na
0.94
na
0.88
na
0.88
na
100
0.15
0.15
0.01
0.15
8
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.06
71
0.07
0.03
1.11
0.47
0.64
0.10
0.86
0.27
75
38
na
0.65
na
0.74
na
0.24
na
0.68
na
36
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
0.22 0.43 0.25
0.28
0.05 0.32 0.04
0.23
0.01 0.01 0.00
0.01
0.39 0.77 0.26
0.69
Frequency
(%)
92
17
25
38
2011
0.08 0.21 0.11
0.11
0.39 0.69 0.18
0.51
0.40 0.87 0.41
0.52
0.17 0.25 0.06
0.20
Frequency
(%)
100
36
79
29
0.01
0.25
0.04
0.05
79
0.40
2.87
0.66
0.71
93
0.01
0.00
0.16
0.14
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.16
0.21
1.52
1.42
0.26
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.09
0.03
0.79
0.13
0.02
0.36
0.34
0.04
0.11
0.03
0.79
0.76
0.03
0.36
0.34
0.05
83
100
100
17
88
100
100
67
0.19
0.58
0.50
0.37
0.38
0.35
0.34
na
0.20
0.70
0.88
1.12
0.80
0.42
0.49
na
0.04
0.65
0.69
0.39
0.28
0.39
0.41
na
0.19
0.65
0.69
0.61
0.48
0.39
0.41
na
21
100
100
64
57
100
100
na
0.18
0.24
0.20
0.20
100
0.28
0.46
0.35
0.35
100
1.16
0.06
0.01
1.16
0.59
0.01
0.73
0.30
0.00
1.16
0.30
0.01
63
100
38
0.04
4.51
na
0.06
5.49
na
0.05
5.10
na
0.05
5.10
na
100
100
na
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BEZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
0.05 0.51 0.19
0.26
0.00 0.01 0.00
0.00
0.04 0.62 0.08
0.36
0.17
-0.04
0.00
0.00
Frequency
(%)
71
100
21
2011
0.28 0.47 0.35
0.35
0.54 2.14 0.72
0.72
0.42 0.51 0.20
0.47
Frequency
(%)
100
100
43
0.26
-0.09
0.12
0.39
0.04
-0.02
0.01
0.06
0.20
-0.07
0.01
0.06
21
-25
100
92
0.26
na
0.24
0.30
0.23
0.30
na
6.67
2.13
0.45
0.10
na
0.75
0.52
0.30
0.28
na
1.50
0.52
0.30
36
na
50
100
100
0.03 0.30
0.03 0.25
0.30 0.30
0.02 0.23
0.03 1.11
0.03 0.88
0.10 0.96
0.02 0.18
0.07 4.09
0.04 11.98
0.02 0.02
0.04
0.05
0.21
0.03
0.28
0.07
0.45
0.07
0.61
8.99
0.02
0.08
0.05
0.30
0.05
0.67
0.31
0.51
0.14
1.13
11.35
0.02
50
100
71
58
42
21
88
50
54
79
100
0.19
0.21
0.48
0.25
0.47
0.32
0.39
0.16
1.36
0.03
0.21
0.25
0.31
1.16
1.02
0.51
0.38
0.46
0.76
3.83
4.71
0.25
0.22
0.16
0.62
0.38
0.49
0.20
0.34
0.20
1.77
0.53
0.23
0.22
0.25
0.62
0.38
0.49
0.35
0.43
0.48
1.77
0.53
0.23
100
64
100
86
14
57
79
43
100
100
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pharmaceuticals
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
2011
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
0.00
71
0.04
0.05
0.04
0.04
93
0.02
0.64
0.03
0.12
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.67
0.03
0.20
0.24
0.47
0.23
0.15
0.08
0.03
50
96
100
54
29
17
50
8
100
50
1.66
0.12
0.08
1.23
6.28
1.47
0.16
0.68
0.32
na
2.03
0.15
0.62
1.50
7.63
1.61
0.20
0.78
2.22
na
1.87
0.14
0.25
1.38
6.60
0.44
0.10
0.26
0.59
na
1.87
0.14
0.25
1.38
7.11
1.53
0.18
0.74
0.59
na
100
100
100
100
93
29
57
36
100
na
0.02
0.12
21
0.25
0.30
0.10
0.28
36
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.67
0.00
0.06
0.17
0.34
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.16
0.67
0.34
0.61
0.44
0.75
0.32
0.26
1.06
0.14
0.12
0.12
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb Meanc
Frequency
(%)
WP4: QUALITY
Table 9. Maximum concentrations (ng/g. dry weight) of pharmaceuticals detected in four river basins in the Iberian Peninsula
River Basin
Species
Cyprinus carpio
Llobregat
Compound
Maximum concentrations detected (ng/g)
Clopidogrel
< MLQ
Citalopram
1.4 ± 0.3
Venlafaxine
0.6 ± 0.02
Barbus graellsi (adult)
Ebro
Barbus graellsii (juvenile)
Diclofenac
15.4 ± 0.1
Cyprinus carpio
Citalopram
0.2 ± 0.02
Diclofenac
5.7 ± 1.9
Diclofenac
2.2 ± 0.02
Propanolol
4.2 ± 0.2
Carazolol
3.8 ± 0.1
Salbutamol
2.6 ± 0.02
Silurus glanis
Guadalquivir
Nd
Nd
Cyprinus carpio
Micropterus salmoides
Diclofenac
Nd
Cyprinus carpio
Júcar
4.1 ± 0.7
Diclofenac
11.8 ± 0.01
Nd
Micropterus salmoides
Nd
Anguilla anguilla
Carazolol
< MLQ
Pseudochondrostoma willkommii
Sotalol
< MLQ
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 10. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in waters of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
0.02
1.25
0.06
─
0.23
0.02
1.25
─
Max
4.20
6.51
6.55
─
2.40
2.32
─
─
41.66
287.67
989.53
─
16.32
29.33
─
─
18.81
65.80
256.46
─
7.11
10.43
─
─
20.25
65.80
276.19
─
7.11
10.43
─
─
93
100
93
─
100
100
─
─
7.17
1.71
1622.99
749.84
227.05
223.62
244.51
223.62
93
100
0.05
1.33
1.92
0.43
0.41
40.69
50.94
20.21
0.06
4.69
8.75
2.52
0.20
7.30
8.75
3.28
29
64
100
71
0.62
0.45
0.34
0.09
6.69
12.59
9.46
13.15
0.06
0.38
0.46
13.63
0.04
1.29
0.26
3.62
14
36
0.06
0.86
─
0.40
─
2.23
─
1.44
─
1.55
─
93
─
0.06
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
13.43
18.36
175.49
─
7.15
5.00
0.09
─
20.90
18.36
204.74
─
20.02
5.00
1.25
─
64
100
86
─
36
100
7
─
130.23 1261.42 428.28
0.02
7017.67 862.17
428.28
862.17
100
100
1.91
3.33
2.46
4.62
4.47
5.17
3.45
5.88
43
64
71
79
0.06
10.03
0.00
0.78
0.06
5.45
7
14
─
0.57
─
0.08
─
0.35
─
21
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116.34
62.84
851.65
─
84.73
32.84
1.25
─
Meanb
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
─
─
─
0.52
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
─
3.80
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
─
0.74
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
1.74
─
─
─
2011
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
─
43
─
─
─
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
5.69
─
─
0.77
─
─
─
Max
─
5.69
─
─
6.21
─
─
─
Meanb
─
0.41
─
─
1.09
─
─
─
Meanc
─
5.69
─
─
2.18
─
─
─
Frequency
(%)
─
7
─
─
50
─
─
─
6.04
31.86
12.92
232.40
315.08
964.28
51.60
106.94
221.86
51.60
106.94
221.86
100
100
100
0.53
5.27
0.00
39.39
11.29
216.14
55.95
1117.27 216.01
12.15
55.95
216.01
93
100
100
14.61
572.20
181.94
181.94
100
7.00
1220.90 251.26
251.26
100
3.35
530.30
89.35
113.71
79
6.82
649.35
101.88
93
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
94.60
WP4: QUALITY
Table 11. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in waters of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Meanb
Meanc
Max
Mean
0.34
6.27
5.51
─
2.56
1.47
─
─
44.83
274.73
1027.81
─
9.89
8.35
─
─
9.44
27.49
131.67
─
4.10
2.69
─
─
10.79
27.49
131.67
─
4.10
2.81
─
─
88
100
100
─
100
96
─
─
0.02
0.02
0.06
─
0.23
0.02
─
27.85
5.36
1.04
─
0.02
1.68
1.37
0.52
1147.90
1751.04
─
7.28
49.01
141.88
16.09
95.96
191.50
─
0.52
7.09
13.05
3.65
104.69
191.50
─
1.05
8.51
13.05
3.65
92
100
─
50
83
100
100
11.68
128.24
─
0.21
0.58
0.45
0.34
0.06
0.14
0.31
8.39
0.02
0.73
0.19
2.18
8
33
0.02
─
9.48
─
0.40
─
4.75
─
1.33
0.91
2.30
2.50
0.15
1.17
1.81
1.56
8
75
0.01
1.25
0.84
1.25
0.21
0.05
0.31
1.25
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
390.84
882.00
666.48
─
11.09
16.35
─
27.85
47.13
48.90
86.02
─
1.91
3.61
─
1.16
87.01
48.90
108.65
─
3.82
3.93
─
27.85
1201.73 402.69
1539.45 507.58
─
─
14.22
2.96
6.53
1.57
21.20
2.36
14.58
3.71
402.69
529.65
─
2.96
5.37
3.77
4.69
Frequency
(%)
54
100
79
─
50
92
─
4
100
96
─
100
29
63
79
8
─
67
4
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
0.28
2.04
─
0.27
─
1.03
─
Max
─
4.81
4.84
─
4.85
─
3.07
─
Meanb
─
0.42
0.42
─
0.92
─
0.26
─
Meanc
─
2.49
3.32
─
1.39
─
2.07
─
Frequency
(%)
─
17
13
─
67
─
13
─
Concentration ng/L
Mina
Meanb Meanc
Max
0.06
6.56
0.28
2.23
2.31
3.40
0.35
2.80
4.31
4.31
0.18
4.31
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.08
3.47
0.95
1.75
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.09
0.36
2.71
0.25
1.51
Frequency
(%)
13
13
4
─
─
54
4
17
1.78
7.44
11.66
78.64
145.59
255.36
16.86
58.61
70.45
16.86
58.61
70.45
100
100
100
7.38
0.06
16.92
2393.87 168.25
146.18 23.65
658.85 105.47
168.25
23.65
105.47
100
100
100
13.51
418.78
104.87
104.87
100
36.37
3236.90 337.54
337.54
100
5.69
61.46
15.78
22.27
71
1.65
43.74
88
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
229.02
38.28
WP4: QUALITY
Table 12. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in waters of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
Max
Mean
0.70
8.42
9.71
─
2.50
1.12
─
─
191.10
75.09
790.13
─
35.42
6.61
─
─
56.77
20.91
111.15
─
7.05
2.62
─
─
94.61
20.91
111.15
─
7.05
2.81
─
─
60
100
100
─
100
93
─
─
0.02
1.08
5.10
─
0.23
0.02
─
─
151.07
20.40
74.97
─
1.42
5.61
─
─
18.26
5.42
20.41
─
0.27
0.96
─
─
39.14
6.26
23.55
─
0.57
1.20
─
─
47
87
87
─
47
80
─
─
8.05
1.97
423.90
390.91
46.54
50.20
69.81
50.20
67
100
107.76
0.02
450.68
265.88
168.67
47.60
210.84
47.60
80
100
0.05
1.09
1.77
0.78
0.56
11.13
41.29
11.16
0.14
3.04
10.36
3.01
0.21
3.80
11.95
3.23
67
80
87
93
0.61
0.45
2.59
0.46
6.81
17.41
46.53
15.53
1.21
3.62
9.52
4.39
2.59
5.43
11.90
4.39
47
67
80
100
─
0.39
─
0.39
─
0.03
─
0.39
─
7
1.91
7.21
1.91
7.21
0.13
0.48
1.91
7.21
7
7
─
0.06
─
0.84
─
0.26
─
0.43
─
60
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
─
─
7.41
0.26
1.13
0.36
─
Max
─
─
─
7.41
3.36
6.11
3.09
─
Meanb
─
─
─
0.49
1.10
0.48
0.74
─
Meanc
─
─
─
7.41
1.27
3.62
1.23
─
3.78
18.14
15.23
55.82
124.87
892.67
17.91
58.66
103.88
17.91
58.66
103.88
8.80
206.20
96.60
6.25
40.96
22.11
2011
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
7
87
13
60
─
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
7
Mina
7.19
Max
7.19
Meanb
0.48
Meanc
7.19
0.06
1.96
0.13
1.01
13
0.62
3.63
0.73
─
1.15
3.63
4.99
─
0.45
0.24
0.43
─
0.85
3.63
2.16
─
53
7
20
─
100
100
100
0.43
9.13
0.00
57.87
284.63
306.49
14.61
61.67
79.90
14.61
61.67
85.60
100
100
93
96.60
100
53.35
1643.68 278.19
278.19
100
23.69
93
10.52
35.64
93
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
84.37
33.26
WP4: QUALITY
Table 13. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
Max
Mean
0.37
3.84
7.10
─
2.63
0.80
─
─
178.05
195.52
1546.31
─
17.27
8.62
─
─
61.07
23.52
156.44
─
6.15
2.29
─
─
66.62
23.52
163.24
─
6.15
2.50
─
─
92
100
96
─
100
92
─
─
0.02
0.17
1.99
104.00
0.23
3.51
0.11
─
76.56
49.75
66.74
4.52
5.28
6.56
0.00
─
88.65
52.01
122.35
104.00
11.61
7.55
0.11
─
79
92
50
4
42
83
4
─
8.48
0.63
1237.57
874.86
90.04
115.20
144.06
120.21
63
96
121.17 3184.93 421.15
3.99
396.55 138.56
569.79
144.86
71
92
0.05
0.89
3.06
0.39
0.87
8.80
58.80
26.07
0.16
2.31
9.72
3.25
0.27
2.77
9.72
3.25
58
83
100
100
0.74
0.45
0.34
1.56
7.20
14.32
45.64
24.46
1.66
3.64
7.67
10.39
3.65
4.45
11.25
11.43
42
75
63
83
─
0.23
─
1.67
─
0.13
─
0.80
0
17
─
0.04
─
4.60
─
1.26
─
1.51
─
83
0.06
─
0.18
─
0.06
3.45
─
1.57
─
7.77
0.16
─
0.56
─
1.04
0.91
─
0.69
─
3.26
17
─
75
─
29
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
292.33
604.88
340.48
104.00
32.93
26.00
0.11
─
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
3.05
─
9.84
0.32
2.60
0.25
─
Max
─
3.05
─
9.84
6.49
2.60
9.30
─
Meanb
─
0.13
─
0.41
1.21
0.11
0.75
─
Meanc
─
3.05
─
9.84
1.61
2.60
2.24
─
Frequency
(%)
─
4
─
4
75
4
33
─
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
3.68
7.99
─
1.76
3.53
2.43
2.21
Max
─
3.68
7.99
─
7.34
8.40
5.43
2.21
Meanb
─
0.17
0.36
─
2.45
0.54
0.96
0.10
Meanc
─
3.68
7.99
─
3.59
5.96
4.22
2.21
Frequency
(%)
─
4
4
─
63
8
21
4
3.34
14.66
13.24
147.34
250.91
777.80
25.13
61.28
122.11
25.13
61.28
122.11
100
100
100
1.46
7.48
0.00
144.30
377.95
618.19
16.23
90.91
271.26
16.97
90.91
271.26
92
96
96
11.83
671.75
128.00
128.00
100
35.69
1542.32 433.09
433.09
96
6.43
80.77
18.27
24.36
75
6.77
281.03
51.91
79
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44.83
WP4: QUALITY
Table 14. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
Max
Mean
18.70
1.34
0.37
─
7.75
0.01
─
55.06
470.20
39.28
25.56
─
21.12
0.95
─
55.06
150.04
11.48
6.11
─
6.43
0.12
─
3.93
150.04
13.39
7.78
─
15.01
0.22
─
55.06
100
86
79
─
43
57
─
7
31.97
0.05
0.29
─
3.16
0.01
─
─
202.61
114.08
118.95
─
38.62
5.47
─
─
86.19
13.61
14.73
─
3.70
0.76
─
─
92.82
13.61
18.74
─
17.28
0.82
─
─
93
100
79
─
21
93
─
─
3.48
0.99
841.79
17.20
61.08
2.89
213.77
3.11
29
93
1.27
0.58
39.91
71.60
5.41
10.19
8.41
10.19
64
100
0.02
0.05
3.52
0.17
0.07
0.91
95.46
1.58
0.01
0.33
26.09
0.69
0.05
0.42
33.20
0.74
21
79
79
93
0.05
0.22
1.83
0.62
0.06
1.22
44.45
3.91
0.01
0.15
19.13
1.55
0.06
0.53
19.13
1.55
21
29
100
100
0.35
0.15
4.75
114.96
0.39
22.66
1.82
28.84
21
79
0.30
2.20
7.40
342.56
0.79
46.06
2.76
58.62
29
79
─
0.12
─
0.20
─
0.02
─
0.16
─
14
─
0.08
─
0.69
─
0.08
─
0.28
─
29
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2011
Mina
0.14
1.45
─
0.03
0.05
0.19
─
1.43
Max
0.27
1.45
─
0.35
1.57
0.77
─
1.43
Meanb
0.03
0.10
─
0.03
0.38
0.11
─
0.10
Meanc
0.21
1.45
─
0.15
0.59
0.50
─
1.43
Frequency
(%)
14
7
─
21
64
21
─
7
Mina
─
─
─
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.02
─
Max
─
─
─
0.12
1.47
0.09
0.02
─
Meanb
─
─
─
0.01
0.49
0.01
0.00
─
Meanc
─
─
─
0.08
0.57
0.09
0.02
─
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
14
86
7
7
─
0.10
2.91
3.18
20.24
20.49
238.31
4.83
9.06
60.96
4.83
9.06
60.96
100
100
100
0.56
3.22
1.59
7.76
51.81
204.91
2.88
13.24
49.26
2.88
13.24
49.26
100
100
93
0.86
17.29
6.67
6.67
100
0.01
31.11
6.16
7.19
86
2.97
53.09
15.39
19.59
79
4.21
117.43
22.46
24.19
93
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WP4: QUALITY
Table 15. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in sediments of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
18.98
0.90
0.18
─
2.38
0.01
0.02
─
1693.02
71.65
44.74
─
45.00
2.23
0.02
─
170.96
9.71
4.88
─
9.27
0.22
0.00
─
179.10
10.68
13.42
─
14.57
0.54
0.02
─
0.71
0.23
159.82
25.81
8.78
4.06
21.45
4.25
0.03
0.07
3.94
0.07
0.05
0.90
435.44
5.19
0.01
0.20
57.39
1.16
0.35
2.22
10.34
163.08
─
0.09
─
1.58
Frequency
(%)
95
91
36
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
28.72
0.05
0.59
─
4.23
0.01
0.02
─
568.02
116.36
44.68
─
75.66
1.25
0.23
─
139.56
11.54
4.80
─
7.29
0.18
0.01
─
139.56
11.54
10.55
─
20.05
0.28
0.13
─
41
95
0.80
0.16
58.36
41.42
5.48
3.85
15.08
4.04
35
96
0.04
0.45
60.13
1.28
14
45
95
91
0.02
0.14
0.81
0.10
0.13
1.57
129.80
8.78
0.02
0.11
38.09
1.41
0.07
0.58
38.09
1.63
30
17
100
87
0.97
15.66
3.06
31.32
32
50
0.35
0.15
29.02
387.64
2.06
35.35
6.48
43.20
30
83
─
0.14
─
0.61
23
0.32
0.15
0.32
0.65
0.01
0.12
0.32
0.44
4
26
─
64
41
5
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
100
100
43
─
35
65
9
─
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2011
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
0.04
1.53
0.10
0.53
─
─
─
─
0.15
0.27
0.02
0.21
0.06
0.26
0.03
0.15
0.05
1.48
0.27
0.50
0.05
0.73
0.06
0.42
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency
(%)
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
18
0.40
0.47
0.04
0.44
─
0.28
0.74
0.07
0.54
9
0.07
0.07
0.00
0.07
18
0.01
0.35
0.02
0.14
55
0.06
3.47
0.90
1.16
14
0.03
0.24
0.01
0.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.10
2.10
0.10
2.10
Frequency
(%)
9
13
4
13
78
13
─
4
0.48
0.31
1.51
34.66
58.65
459.35
4.42
11.56
58.15
4.63
12.11
63.96
95
95
91
0.02
2.08
1.38
54.10
39.49
416.55
4.08
13.03
56.02
4.08
13.03
56.02
100
100
100
1.11
19.81
5.92
6.85
86
0.01
20.85
4.83
5.59
87
2.68
100.07
18.49
22.59
82
0.70
92.84
13.11
26.23
48
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WP4: QUALITY
Table 16. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in sediments of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
9.54
0.82
5.60
─
8.82
0.01
─
─
174.83
21.49
11.74
─
12.87
1.84
─
─
65.59
3.92
2.17
─
1.45
0.24
─
─
70.28
4.91
8.14
─
10.84
0.91
─
─
93
80
27
─
13
27
─
─
9.34
0.64
0.97
1.91
4.99
0.01
─
─
1034.52
19.42
5.34
1.91
37.15
0.50
─
─
158.14
2.36
0.75
0.13
10.65
0.04
─
─
169.44
4.43
2.82
1.91
17.76
0.09
─
─
0.81
0.19
124.70
4.26
9.21
1.02
19.73
1.09
47
93
1.41
0.50
1.41
13.06
0.09
3.43
1.41
3.96
7
87
0.05
0.19
1.63
0.26
0.06
1.61
61.89
5.30
0.02
0.26
18.00
1.12
0.05
0.78
19.29
1.20
33
33
93
93
0.03
0.18
19.14
0.14
0.05
2.33
225.87
2.35
0.01
0.70
48.14
0.91
0.03
0.81
80.23
0.97
20
87
60
93
0.35
1.40
1.44
29.96
0.12
6.53
0.90
12.24
13
53
0.69
2.54
0.69
38.73
0.05
4.07
0.69
12.21
7
33
─
0.19
─
0.33
─
0.03
─
0.26
─
13
─
0.40
─
0.40
─
0.03
─
0.40
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
93
53
27
7
60
40
─
─
─
7
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2011
Mina Max
1.38
1.85
0.24
0.24
─
─
0.10
0.13
0.05
1.86
0.29
0.32
─
─
0.25
0.25
Meanb
0.22
0.02
─
0.02
0.37
0.04
─
0.02
Meanc
1.61
0.24
─
0.11
0.46
0.31
─
0.25
Frequency
(%)
13
7
─
13
80
13
─
7
Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
1.67
0.11
0.84
0.09
1.39
0.15
0.45
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
13
33
7
─
─
0.27
0.63
1.82
6.11
38.50
77.17
1.21
8.63
18.98
1.30
9.25
20.33
93
93
93
0.74
3.38
2.54
6.28
26.78
83.32
3.33
11.47
16.20
3.33
11.47
17.36
100
100
93
1.15
15.17
4.03
5.04
80
0.13
272.77
26.66
28.57
93
1.19
18.68
5.14
6.43
80
2.27
23.82
10.04
11.59
87
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WP4: QUALITY
Table 17. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of EDCs in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
Min
Nonylphenol (NP)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
Estradiol (E2)
2011
a
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Frequency
(%)
Meanc
6.07
0.49
0.15
─
3.93
0.01
─
─
189.67
15.38
8.53
─
28.33
1.52
─
─
53.94
2.78
0.67
─
5.72
0.15
─
─
53.94
2.91
2.28
─
12.48
0.24
─
─
100
96
29
─
46
63
─
─
8.90
0.98
0.63
─
2.39
0.01
0.02
─
197.74
7.55
11.38
─
8.96
3.04
0.02
─
68.14
2.50
0.80
─
0.80
0.23
0.00
─
68.14
3.16
3.20
─
6.44
0.39
0.02
─
100
79
25
─
13
58
4
─
0.46
0.25
308.62
32.19
13.38
2.34
29.19
2.44
46
96
2.25
0.88
136.13
23.95
6.27
2.67
37.63
3.06
17
88
0.03
0.14
1.36
0.05
0.05
1.33
79.11
3.49
0.01
0.38
13.59
0.93
0.04
0.48
15.53
0.93
33
79
88
96
0.03
0.10
6.64
0.11
0.03
1.81
62.90
2.17
0.01
0.70
23.36
1.01
0.03
0.77
32.98
1.01
17
92
71
100
0.35
0.28
1.08
23.15
0.06
2.74
0.71
3.65
8
75
0.35
0.15
0.12
─
0.12
─
0.00
─
0.12
─
4
0
─
0.12
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
1.60
11.14
─
0.12
0.10
1.76
─
0.01
0.77
2.89
─
0.12
13
58
─
8
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2011
Mina Max
0.04
1.64
─
─
0.19
0.26
0.01
0.11
0.05
0.80
0.13
1.85
─
─
─
─
Meanb
0.20
─
0.03
0.01
0.17
0.11
─
─
Meanc
0.60
─
0.22
0.04
0.23
0.66
─
─
Frequency
(%)
33
─
13
21
71
17
─
─
Mina Max
0.04
0.59
─
─
3.18
3.18
0.01
1.66
0.05
1.03
0.03
2.41
0.02
0.02
─
─
Meanb
0.03
─
0.13
0.12
0.16
0.10
0.00
─
Meanc
0.31
─
3.18
0.19
0.32
1.22
0.02
─
Frequency
(%)
8
─
4
63
50
8
4
─
0.07
2.81
0.71
5.11
65.71
41.72
1.07
8.84
8.81
1.07
8.84
8.81
96
96
96
0.90
1.39
3.42
23.92
50.10
84.99
4.30
8.81
18.82
4.48
9.19
19.64
96
96
96
1.83
20.55
5.73
6.87
83
3.62
344.35
33.21
37.96
88
1.53
22.99
5.63
7.94
71
2.02
30.70
6.60
8.81
75
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 18. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of Pesticides in waters of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
Min
a
b
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Min
Max
Mean
─
─
─
─
─
0.18
9.87
4.80
9.87
2.24
0.70
2.24
9.87
na
na
na
na
na
na
─
1.91
2.58
─
6.75
3.23
─
─
8.34
1.72
a
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
Max
Mean
─
─
─
─
─
14
1
1.52
0.00
6.33
0.00
0.94
0.00
3.31
0.00
4
0
na
na
Na
Na
10.82 697.39
4.26
20.48
58.41
3.20
272.57
11.19
3
4
─
2.54
0.41
─
2.73
2.90
─
13
2
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
12.96
─
─
1.52
─
─
10.65
─
─
2
─
─
1.57
─
─
5.15
─
─
0.48
─
─
3.36
─
─
2
1.72
0.12
1.72
1
─
─
─
─
─
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
IMIDACLOPRID
Mina
0.31
Max
5.39
0.03
6.67
1.92
2.01
2.60
─
6.62
─
35.00
─
1.62
─
─
─
─
3.01
─
─
─
3.43
8.69
3.48
6.23
13.61
─
6.62
─
47.39
─
1.76
─
─
─
─
320.35
─
─
─
Meanb Meanc
2.13
2.71
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency (%)
11
Mina
2.71
Max
66.53
9
2
2
14
14
─
1
─
2
─
2
─
─
─
─
6
─
─
─
─
─
1.42
0.22
0.47
─
5.08
0.52
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.42
13.65
35.77
─
71.91
7.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanb Meanc
15.94
24.80
Frequency
(%)
9
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
0.96
1.10
0.39
3.95
4.99
─
0.47
─
5.88
─
0.24
─
─
─
─
24.68
─
─
─
1.49
7.68
2.70
3.95
4.99
─
6.62
─
41.19
─
1.69
─
─
─
─
57.58
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
─
─
0.10
5.31
6.45
─
6.22
0.91
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.42
6.19
10.03
─
29.01
4.26
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1
12
9
─
3
3
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Mina
─
Max
─
2.28
1.97
4.38
24.00
0.48
1.85
─
─
2.63
─
─
4.90
1.79
na
na
na
na
na
9.60
na
2011
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
─
─
Meanb Meanc
─
─
Frequency
(%)
─
Frequency (%)
─
Mina
─
Max
─
3.33
12.98
2
2
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
6.44
─
─
8.77
3.33
na
na
na
na
na
9.60
0.65
─
─
2.14
1.94
na
na
na
na
na
0.69
4.53
─
─
6.00
2.47
na
na
na
na
na
9.60
2
─
─
5
11
Na
Na
Na
Na
Na
1
3.87
─
─
─
2.00
─
1.84
─
7.66
0.44
1.04
6.29
─
─
─
45.77
─
1.84
─
7.66
50.21
23.37
0.73
─
─
─
8.03
─
0.13
─
0.55
9.24
3.71
5.08
─
─
─
14.05
─
1.84
─
7.66
12.94
13.00
2
─
─
─
8
─
1
─
1
10
4
na
na
na
Na
─
─
─
─
─
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DEETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
Mina
3.45
2.05
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Max
23.86
3.55
2011
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
6.06
7.07
1.48
2.58
Frequency (%) Mina
Max
12
43.30 159.53
8
0.22
9.60
Frequency
(%)
3
8
Meanb Meanc
23.29 108.69
1.65
2.89
Table 19. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of Pesticides in waters of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
Min
a
b
Frequency
(%)
Mean
c
Max
Mean
─
─
─
─
─
4.91
2.24
409.76
34.47
61.01
15.59
86.14
22.00
na
na
na
na
na
na
8.47
─
─
8.47
─
─
─
─
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
Max
Mean
─
─
─
─
─
17.00
17.00
1.28
2.14
121.70
2.14
7.50
0.09
22.49
2.14
8
1
na
na
na
na
0.04
0.43
11.63
48.77
2.78
3.58
3.93
17.17
17
5
0.35
─
─
8.47
─
─
1.00
─
─
0.20
─
1.24
0.20
─
2.52
0.01
─
0.30
0.20
─
1.77
1
─
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
─
─
Max
─
─
Meanb
─
─
Meanc
─
─
Frequency
(%)
─
─
Mina
─
1.10
Max
─
4.86
Meanb
─
0.55
0.89
37.74
24.38
25.44
23.00
4.76
4.76
0.20
4.76
1
1.84
2.77
1.06
2.30
11.00
1.64
14.96
1.66
4.44
9
─
─
2.54
2.64
0.12
13.62
2.33
─
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
2.64
─
─
41.24
16.40
13.58
22.73
3.19
─
2.64
2.64
2.64
20.84
2.64
2.64
─
─
17.97
5.97
5.65
12.86
0.47
─
0.11
0.11
0.11
4.43
0.11
0.11
─
─
23.96
6.23
5.90
17.15
2.80
─
2.64
2.64
2.64
11.82
2.64
2.64
─
─
18.00
23.00
23.00
18.00
4.00
─
1.00
1.00
1.00
9.00
1.00
1.00
─
2.31
1.57
1.01
0.53
─
61.56
─
36.49
─
2.31
1.57
2.86
20.39
─
61.56
─
36.49
─
0.10
0.07
0.32
1.35
─
2.57
─
1.52
─
2.31
1.57
1.54
2.94
─
61.56
─
36.49
─
1
1
5
11
─
1
─
1
─
─
0.33
─
─
─
0.33
─
─
─
0.01
─
─
─
0.33
─
─
─
1
─
Meanc
─
1.88
Frequency
(%)
─
7
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
2.64
─
─
14.01
─
8.30
Max
2.64
─
─
14.45
─
16.07
Meanb
0.11
─
─
1.19
─
3.50
Meanc
2.64
─
─
14.23
─
12.00
Frequency
(%)
1.00
─
─
2.00
─
7.00
Mina
─
7.93
3.47
─
2.00
0.50
Max
─
7.93
3.47
─
2.00
0.50
Meanb
─
0.33
0.14
─
0.08
0.02
2.32
1.90
8.25
10.57
5.82
7.41
6.35
8.08
22.00
22.00
─
1.21
─
1.21
─
0.05
─
1.21
─
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
8.13
4.35
6.57
3.26
30.71
na
na
na
na
12.22
13.15
58.82
3.26
47.95
na
na
na
na
1.99
1.30
7.67
0.14
3.28
na
na
na
na
9.53
7.79
26.31
3.26
39.33
na
na
na
na
5.00
4.00
7.00
1.00
2.00
na
na
na
na
─
6.96
4.99
─
─
5.22
0.42
0.11
0.77
─
19.16
4.99
─
─
5.22
9.72
10.10
2.41
─
2.72
0.21
─
─
0.22
0.89
2.21
0.29
─
10.88
4.99
─
─
5.22
2.67
4.43
1.74
─
6
1
─
─
1
8
12
4
Meanc
─
7.93
3.47
─
2.00
0.50
Frequency
(%)
─
1
1
─
1
1
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DEETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
TERBUTRYN
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
na
14.85
Max
na
14.85
Meanb
na
0.65
Meanc
na
14.85
Frequency
(%)
na
1.00
Mina
0.23
0.92
Max
11.59
30.54
Meanb
1.41
7.66
na
na
na
na
na
1.66
15.38
2.36
7.08
8
2.64
2.58
150.96
25.48
6.40
1.60
76.80
9.63
2.00
4.00
7.52
2.41
24.47
2.41
1.95
0.10
15.62
2.41
3
1
Meanc
5.63
15.33
Frequency
(%)
6
12
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Table 20. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of Pesticides in waters of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
172.19
65.37
184.49
65.37
14.00
15.00
1.68
14.96
222.45
14.96
24.09
1.00
36.14
14.96
10
1
na
na
na
2.04
79.39
12.66
23.74
8
Mina
Max
Meanb
─
─
─
23.58
14.54
682.72
83.62
na
na
Meanc
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
THIABENDAZOLE
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
na
Mina
13.69
Max
187.36
Meanb
23.45
Meanc
117.26
Frequency
(%)
3
─
─
2.79
─
─
1.00
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
29.80
─
─
446.99
─
─
1.00
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
99.59
79.83
79.83
15.00
─
─
─
─
─
1.12
51.84
3.53
26.48
2.00
5.17
14.31
2.19
10.93
3
─
─
52.78
2.23
0.44
7.46
1.64
─
─
106.85
41.22
12.42
54.81
8.74
─
─
62.97
16.31
8.05
38.61
1.21
─
─
85.87
16.31
8.05
38.61
6.07
─
─
11.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
3.00
─
─
0.66
1.95
0.20
─
5.48
─
─
7.82
8.68
2.00
─
5.48
─
─
1.64
4.28
0.72
─
0.37
─
─
2.46
4.28
1.21
─
5.48
─
─
10
15
9
─
1
Mina
na
Max
na
Meanb
na
─
─
2.79
─
─
2.79
─
─
0.19
─
─
446.99
─
─
446.99
14.72
Meanc
na
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
5.00
─
─
─
7.00
─
─
─
3.00
─
6.00
─
4.00
Mina
2.86
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
7.36
Max
5.30
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
7.36
Meanb
2.79
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.49
Meanc
3.48
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
7.36
Frequency
(%)
12
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1
11.86
17.45
15.00
15.00
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.61
9.09
1.00
─
─
─
─
─
2.71
3.42
13.56
25.62
3.00
2.00
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Mina
0.09
─
─
─
1.36
─
─
─
8.75
─
20.83
─
17.18
Max
24.28
─
─
─
50.66
─
─
─
12.62
─
41.92
─
36.12
Meanb
2.96
─
─
─
11.24
─
─
─
2.14
─
13.15
─
7.30
Meanc
8.89
─
─
─
24.09
─
─
─
10.70
─
32.88
─
27.38
8.66
14.98
14.07
24.34
11.86
17.45
9.09
9.09
7.97
24.87
19.80
26.37
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
DEETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
Mina
4.68
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
Max
29.14
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
Meanb
5.36
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
5.00
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
Mina
11.97
─
─
9.81
2.02
11.72
0.05
─
0.13
Max
11.97
─
─
10.89
52.01
16.40
14.24
─
31.10
Meanb
0.80
─
─
1.38
7.45
4.45
2.62
─
4.65
Meanc
11.97
─
─
10.35
27.95
13.34
4.90
─
11.63
Frequency
(%)
1
─
─
2
4
5
8
─
6
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
9.05
─
9.37
─
1.23
─
9.21
─
2
─
Meanc
16.09
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Table 21. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of Pesticides in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
0.45
0.19
3.59
4.65
3
1
4.00
8.64
5.56
8.64
0.79
0.36
4.73
8.64
4
1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
0.57
3.60
11.44
3.60
1.06
0.15
6.36
3.60
4
1
2.91
4.11
−
3.14
4.11
−
0.25
0.17
−
3.03
4.11
−
2
1
−
−
1.92
19.60
−
11.44
391.44
−
0.56
17.13
−
6.68
205.52
−
2
2
−
−
124.43
−
−
124.43
−
−
5.18
−
−
124.43
−
−
1
−
−
11.20
−
−
11.20
−
−
0.47
−
−
11.20
−
−
1
0.27
3.04
1.39
1.59
21
−
−
−
−
−
2.34
6.14
1.82
3.11
14
7.04
19.20
2.21
13.26
4
Mina
Max
Meanb
−
−
−
0.59
4.65
8.05
4.65
na
na
Meanc
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azole
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Benzimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamate
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Mina
−
0.67
0.07
0.67
1.81
−
4.46
2.41
−
−
1.32
−
−
13.67
0.00
2.57
7.71
−
−
−
Max
−
0.67
26.48
11.11
23.75
−
69.26
4.48
−
−
1.32
−
−
13.67
0.00
116.06
11.71
−
−
−
Meanb
−
0.03
3.14
3.80
6.30
−
10.54
0.29
−
−
0.05
−
−
0.57
0.00
4.94
1.17
−
−
−
Meanc
−
0.67
4.43
3.96
6.87
−
14.88
3.44
−
−
1.32
−
−
13.67
#¡DIV/0!
59.31
9.33
−
−
−
Frequency
(%)
−
1
17
23
22
−
17
2
−
−
1
−
−
1
0
2
3
−
−
−
2011
Concentration ng/L
Mina
−
−
1.86
3.28
0.66
−
2.70
1.48
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
2.23
−
−
−
Other pesticides
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
−
−
2.01
14.80
456.72
−
30.60
1.48
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
2.23
−
−
−
Meanb
−
−
0.16
1.73
19.27
−
2.61
0.06
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
0.09
−
−
−
Meanc
−
−
1.93
6.92
115.60
−
15.67
1.48
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
2.23
−
−
−
Frequency
(%)
−
−
2
6
4
−
4
1
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
1
−
−
−
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Concentration ng/L
Pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency
(%)
23
23
Mina
−
1.40
Max
−
1.40
Meanb
−
0.06
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
1.81
9.43
4.44
0.55
0.25
na
na
na
na
na
1.48
7.25
16.16
35.53
13.28
2.95
na
na
na
na
na
7.10
6
14
3
1
2
na
na
na
na
na
5
−
43.40
−
−
3.84
−
−
1.84
3.61
6.70
3.12
−
43.40
−
−
10.14
−
−
728.00
23.80
64.40
3.12
−
1.81
−
−
0.58
−
−
36.78
2.65
4.65
0.13
−
43.40
−
−
6.99
−
−
126.12
12.70
27.91
3.12
−
1
−
−
2
−
−
7
5
4
1
na
na
na
na
9.49
9.78
0.80
9.64
2
67.69
−
12.67
−
38.00
−
8
−
26.76
1.84
57.92
1.84
5.92
0.08
47.36
1.84
3
1
Mina
1.77
0.83
Max
9.28
1.94
Meanb
2.57
1.34
−
−
−
4.61
7.67
4.35
13.28
2.95
na
na
na
na
na
4.22
18.63
30.18
97.21
13.28
2.95
na
na
na
na
na
12.71
na
23.05
−
Meanc
2.69
1.40
Meanc
−
1.40
Frequency
(%)
−
1
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DEETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 22. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of Pesticides in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Concentration ng/g dw
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
2011
Meanc
Frequency (%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.21
1.96
16.55
1.96
1.27
0.14
8.88
1.96
2
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.47
─
─
0.47
─
─
0.03
─
─
0.47
─
─
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.39
0.04
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.39
1.32
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.03
0.14
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2011
Meanc
Frequency (%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.39
0.49
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.63
0.12
1.83
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
130.97
2.53
1.83
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
24.26
0.68
0.13
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
26.13
1.19
1.83
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
13
8
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Mina
─
─
Max
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
na
2011
Meanc
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
Mina
─
─
Max
─
─
Meanb
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.69
─
─
─
5.40
5.41
─
─
─
─
─
0.69
─
─
─
5.40
5.41
─
─
─
─
─
0.05
─
─
─
0.39
0.39
─
─
─
─
─
0.69
─
─
─
5.40
5.41
─
─
─
─
─
1
─
─
─
1
1
na
na
na
na
2.29
11.42
2.53
7.09
5
Frequency (%)
─
─
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
0.02
─
0.02
─
0.00
─
Meanc
2011
Frequency (%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
Frequency (%)
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
0.02
─
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─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 23. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pesticides in sediment of the Ebro River Basin
Pesticides
2010
a
Min
Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency (%)
2011
a
Min
Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency (%)
Anilide
PROPANIL
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
7.35
4.60
7.35
4.60
0.33
0.21
7.35
4.60
1
1
4.20
─
4.20
─
0.18
─
4.20
─
1
─
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Pesticides
IMIDACLOPRID
2010
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
2011
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
─
─
─
0.18
0.28
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.84
─
─
─
─
─
─
9.59
8.85
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.84
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.06
0.63
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.08
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.34
1.38
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.84
─
─
─
─
─
─
10
10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.88
0.62
1.44
─
5.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
36.17
3.30
28.82
─
5.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
─
─
─
7.66
0.20
1.73
─
0.22
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
9.27
1.55
7.95
─
5.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
19
3
5
─
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Pesticides
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
2010
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
2011
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.50
─
0.50
─
0.02
─
0.50
─
1
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
3.97
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
21.61
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
1.16
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
12.79
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
na
na
na
2
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.10
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1
na
na
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Pesticides
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
2010
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
2011
Mina
Max
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
Table 24. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pesticides in sediment of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
─
─
─
2.09
─
32.87
─
na
─
─
─
2011
Meanc
Frequency (%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.33
─
17.48
─
2
─
6.82
4.89
37.28
13.12
2.94
3.09
22.05
9.26
2
5
na
na
na
na
─
5.67
─
16.52
─
2.53
─
12.66
─
3
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
7.84
─
─
7.84
─
─
0.52
─
─
7.84
─
─
1
Frequency (%)
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.20
5.54
─
─
─
2.00
1.00
1.93
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2011
Meanc
Frequency (%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.41
1.51
14
0.00
0.00
0.00
#¡DIV/0!
0
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.00
16.47
3.79
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.13
3.28
0.38
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.00
3.28
2.86
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1
15
2
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.03
0.97
0.63
─
─
1.31
─
─
1.61
─
─
─
1.03
9.90
3.48
─
─
1.31
─
─
1.61
─
─
─
0.07
3.48
1.57
─
─
0.09
─
─
0.11
─
─
─
1.03
3.48
1.96
─
─
1.31
─
─
1.61
─
─
─
1
15
12
─
─
1
─
─
1
─
Frequency (%)
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Mina
─
─
─
0.41
─
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
11.24
─
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
1.52
─
─
─
─
0.34
0.22
3.31
3.63
1.49
1.28
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
2011
Meanc
─
─
─
4.55
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
5
─
─
─
─
Mina
─
─
─
1.57
─
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
1.57
─
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
0.10
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
1.57
─
─
─
─
1.49
1.28
15
15
─
0.74
─
2.01
─
0.28
─
1.39
─
3
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.30
─
─
─
─
─
─
3.38
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.38
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.84
─
─
─
─
─
─
2
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
1
─
─
─
─
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
Mina
na
TERBUTHYLAZINE
na
TERBUTHYLAZINE-2 HYDROXY na
0.00
TERBUTRYN
Max
na
na
na
0.00
Meanb
na
na
na
0.00
na
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
2011
Meanc
na
na
na
#¡DIV/0!
Frequency (%)
na
na
na
0
Mina
─
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
na
na
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Table 25. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of pesticides in sediment of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
Pesticides
Mina
Max
Meanb
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
na
na
2011
Meanc
Frequency (%)
Mina
Max
Meanb
Meanc
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
1.43
5.05
5.88
10.75
1.79
0.66
3.58
7.90
12
2
na
na
na
0.76
0.76
0.03
0.76
1
Frequency (%)
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azole
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Benzimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
THIABENDAZOLE
Mina
na
Max
na
Meanb
na
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
2011
Meanc
na
Frequency (%)
na
Mina
1.90
Max
1.90
Meanb
0.08
Meanc
1.90
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
19.08
−
−
19.08
−
−
0.80
−
−
19.08
−
−
1
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
6.26
−
−
6.26
−
−
0.26
−
−
6.26
−
−
1
−
−
−
−
2.90
3.54
0.27
3.22
2
−
−
−
−
−
16.80
16.80
0.70
16.80
1
−
−
−
0.68
0.23
−
−
−
−
−
2.51
175.45
−
−
−
−
−
0.26
13.19
−
−
−
−
−
1.26
18.62
−
−
−
−
−
5
17
−
−
−
−
1.56
2.40
0.45
−
−
−
−
2.50
15.93
8.80
−
−
−
−
0.17
4.74
2.76
−
−
−
−
2.03
5.69
3.90
−
−
−
−
2
20
17
−
−
Frequency (%)
1
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOALACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Mina
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Max
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Meanb
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
2011
Meanc
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Frequency (%)
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Mina
0.50
−
−
2.50
2.90
2.90
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Max
0.76
−
−
2.50
2.90
2.90
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Meanb
0.14
−
−
0.10
0.12
0.12
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Meanc
0.66
−
−
2.50
2.90
2.90
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
1.80
−
1.80
−
0.08
−
1.80
−
1
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Frequency (%)
5
−
−
1
1
1
−
−
−
−
−
−
−
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Pesticides
Mina
−
DESETHYLATRAZINE
−
PROPAZINE
−
SIMAZINE
Na
TERBUMETON
Na
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
Na
TERBUTHYLAZINE
Na
TERBUTHYLAZINE-2 HYDROXY Na
5.03
TERBUTRYN
Max
−
−
−
na
na
na
na
na
5.03
Meanb
−
−
−
na
na
na
na
na
0.21
Na
na
na
−
−
−
−
−
−
2011
Meanc
−
−
−
na
na
na
na
na
5.03
Frequency (%)
−
−
−
na
na
na
na
na
1
Mina
−
−
−
1.52
−
0.20
2.10
1.34
−
Max
−
−
−
1.52
−
451.88
200.92
142.80
−
Meanb
−
−
−
0.06
−
19.04
8.46
6.01
−
Meanc
−
−
−
1.52
−
76.16
101.51
72.07
−
Frequency (%)
−
−
−
1
−
6
2
2
−
na
na
2.60
12.70
0.95
7.60
3
−
−
−
−
27.20
−
27.20
−
1.13
−
27.20
−
1
−
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
Table 26. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in waters of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Perfluorinted compounds
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
0.07
111.17
19.48
20.98
93
0.03
6.21
0.84
1.30
64
PFPeA
0.08
2.50
0.40
0.51
79
0.01
5.26
0.65
1.29
50
PFHxA
0.63
25.15
2.43
8.50
29
0.02
3.11
0.22
1.56
14
PFHpA
0.63
30.93
6.16
14.37
43
0.04
0.65
0.18
0.37
50
PFOA
0.07
146.40
20.33
23.72
86
0.59
8.21
1.87
3.74
50
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
0.19
0.04
0.08
50
PFNA
0.77
52.36
3.87
18.04
21
0.10
1.18
0.14
0.65
21
PFDA
0.07
4.25
0.41
1.15
36
0.01
54.31
4.28
9.99
43
PFUdA
0.09
0.09
0.01
0.09
7
0.95
3.65
0.63
2.20
29
PFDoA
─
─
─
─
─
0.88
7.92
1.12
3.92
29
PFTrDA
0.03
9.75
0.70
4.89
14
0.00
6.24
1.12
3.92
29
PFTeDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.61
7.59
1.54
4.32
36
PFHxDA
4.25
4.25
0.30
4.25
7
0.00
0.06
0.02
0.03
57
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
0.06
0.15
0.03
0.10
29
L-PFBS
0.41
4.10
0.32
2.25
14
0.04
25.69
5.32
6.77
79
L-PFHxS
14.21
33.17
6.67
23.33
29
0.00
5.07
0.76
1.77
43
L-PFHpS
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.01
43
i.p-PFNA
Perfluorosulfonates (PFCs)
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFOS
0.01
2708.71
233.90
327.46
71
0.17
16.50
1.50
3.00
50
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
0.12
0.02
0.07
36
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
0.28
0.82
0.12
0.58
21
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Perfluorosulfonamide (PFCs)
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 27. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in waters of the Ebro River Basin
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
9.75
251.28
35.23
60.39
58
0.42
26.02
2.35
5.13
48
PFPeA
0.08
12.50
1.08
2.60
42
0.46
7.47
0.87
2.60
35
PFHxA
9.63
31.35
1.71
20.49
8
7.34
21.93
1.22
14.63
9
PFHpA
13.67
17.20
1.99
15.92
8
0.06
0.46
0.07
0.26
30
PFOA
2.01
125.00
7.31
17.55
33
1.24
10.42
1.58
4.21
39
i.p-PFNA
4.10
5.05
0.38
4.58
8
0.02
0.49
0.07
0.17
43
PFNA
4.75
7.87
0.53
6.31
8
0.13
2.14
0.27
0.59
48
PFDA
0.09
6.51
0.67
4.05
8
0.02
632.63
32.97
98.92
35
PFUdA
─
─
─
─
─
1.17
2.24
0.14
1.70
9
PFDoA
─
─
─
─
─
0.22
9.81
0.45
3.62
13
PFTrDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
5.76
0.61
2.46
26
PFTeDA
6.29
6.29
0.26
6.29
4
2.15
17.54
1.23
9.86
13
PFHxDA
─
─
─
─
─
4.28
83.36
3.87
30.94
13
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
56.14
5.38
11.73
48
L-PFBS
─
─
─
─
─
0.15
4.89
0.47
2.25
22
L-PFHxS
1.11
5.80
0.47
3.79
13
0.29
5.73
0.74
2.54
30
Perfluorosulfonates
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
L-PFHpS
Concentration ng/L
Max
Mean
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.01
43
Min
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
a
L-PFOS
0.08
27.01
2.20
7.54
21
0.02
6.82
0.98
2.36
43
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
0.04
0.88
0.06
0.20
30
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
0.64
6.40
0.58
1.99
30
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 28. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in waters of the Jucar River Basin
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
5.21
644.19
49.87
83.12
60
0.16
11.77
1.92
4.81
40
PFPeA
0.08
2.82
0.38
0.64
60
0.33
3.46
0.91
1.71
53
PFHxA
1.44
18.74
3.82
9.55
40
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.03
13
PFHpA
0.64
20.14
2.22
5.55
40
0.23
0.23
0.02
0.23
7
PFOA
0.07
52.15
4.36
8.18
53
0.00
6.51
0.92
1.73
53
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
0.15
0.02
0.09
27
PFNA
0.85
19.80
2.31
8.67
27
0.33
0.33
0.02
0.33
7
PFDA
0.09
213.01
14.21
71.06
20
0.01
27.13
2.59
5.55
47
PFUdA
0.62
0.62
0.04
0.62
7
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.01
20
PFDoA
─
─
─
─
─
2.60
4.86
0.69
3.46
20
PFTrDA
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.04
7
0.00
0.09
0.01
0.05
13
PFTeDA
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.04
13
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
7
PFHxDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
7
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
7
L-PFBS
─
─
─
─
─
0.05
74.09
6.06
8.26
73
L-PFHxS
12.07
36.70
3.25
24.38
13
0.00
3.98
0.50
1.07
47
i.p-PFNA
Perfluorosulfonates
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFHpS
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.04
27
L-PFOS
0.01
127.98
11.29
28.23
40
0.04
17.49
2.15
3.22
67
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
0.10
0.16
0.02
0.13
13
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
1.78
5.82
0.76
3.82
20
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 29. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in water of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
7.95
742.90
214.30
233.78
92
0.49
5.50
1.75
2.62
67
PFPeA
0.09
67.79
8.56
13.70
63
0.62
12.38
2.66
3.54
75
PFHxA
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
1.36
0.07
0.31
21
PFHpA
0.44
87.35
4.27
25.61
17
0.01
0.21
0.01
0.06
25
PFOA
4.11
188.63
11.65
34.95
33
0.00
0.98
0.10
0.11
92
─
─
─
─
─
0.05
0.05
0.00
0.05
4
PFNA
6.83
116.08
5.12
61.45
8
0.02
0.25
0.02
0.08
21
PFDA
1.83
13.00
0.98
7.83
13
0.01
1.10
0.17
0.18
92
PFUdA
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.02
46
PFDoA
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFTrDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25
PFTeDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.01
38
PFHxDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.01
67
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.03
25
i.p-PFNA
Perfluorosulfonates
L-PFBS
15.00 228.27
10.14
121.64
8
0.04
13.64
2.29
3.23
71
L-PFHxS
1.50
4.07
32.57
13
0.01
4.83
0.22
0.44
50
88.51
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFHpS
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
L-PFOS
0.01
42.60
1.78
21.30
8
0.01
5.12
0.33
0.33
100
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
4.03
4.03
0.17
4.03
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 30. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
0.61
12.87
3.67
3.67
100
0.03
0.90
0.10
0.28
36
PFPeA
0.26
1.06
0.33
0.46
71
0.01
0.31
0.09
0.18
50
PFHxA
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFHpA
0.38
0.38
0.03
0.38
7
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
14
PFOA
0.36
1.52
0.64
0.74
86
0.01
12.11
1.04
1.83
57
─
─
─
─
─
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.08
7
PFNA
3.87
3.87
0.28
3.87
7
0.05
0.18
0.02
0.11
14
PFDA
0.09
0.55
0.15
0.26
57
0.01
5.61
0.92
1.84
50
PFUdA
0.12
0.41
0.10
0.24
43
0.01
0.60
0.11
0.30
36
PFDoA
0.11
0.22
0.02
0.17
14
0.07
0.40
0.04
0.21
21
PFTrDA
0.19
0.19
0.01
0.19
7
0.60
4.85
0.57
2.64
21
PFTeDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.87
1.18
0.15
1.02
14
PFHxDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.56
4.05
0.73
2.56
29
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
0.12
2.32
0.37
1.31
29
L-PFBS
0.91
3.53
1.27
1.97
64
0.02
6.55
0.60
0.85
71
L-PFHxS
0.03
0.29
0.02
0.12
21
0.18
0.86
0.15
0.54
29
i.p-PFNA
Perfluorosulfonates
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFHpS
─
─
─
─
─
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.02
7
L-PFOS
0.15
11.37
1.58
2.76
57
0.00
3.78
0.40
0.43
93
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
0.06
0.01
0.02
36
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
0.04
0.11
0.01
0.08
14
1.27
1.27
0.09
1.27
7
─
─
─
─
─
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 31. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in sediments of the Ebro River Basin
2010
2011
Mean
PFBA
0.58
9.47
3.65
4.22
86
1.19
10.56
1.60
4.61
39
PFPeA
0.30
27.87
1.57
2.87
55
0.02
9.27
1.67
3.50
52
PFHxA
─
─
─
─
─
0.88
3.77
0.31
1.78
22
PFHpA
0.38
0.56
0.04
0.47
9
0.08
0.57
0.05
0.31
22
PFOA
0.38
32.35
1.61
5.91
27
0.02
2.99
0.38
1.08
39
i.p-PFNA
─
─
─
─
─
0.06
0.16
0.01
0.11
17
PFNA
─
─
─
─
─
0.18
1.12
0.11
0.52
26
PFDA
0.09
0.43
0.06
0.31
18
0.01
30.30
2.50
5.75
48
PFUdA
0.50
0.92
0.06
0.71
9
0.01
2.78
0.23
1.07
26
PFDoA
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFTrDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
8.76
0.77
2.23
39
PFTeDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.92
16.13
1.09
8.34
17
PFHxDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
24.56
1.39
3.56
43
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
0.11
4.38
0.44
0.93
52
L-PFBS
0.47
6.83
0.52
2.84
18
0.25
1.23
0.09
0.66
17
L-PFHxS
─
─
─
─
─
0.44
9.35
0.56
3.24
22
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
Max
Mean
c
a
Min
b
Frequency (%)
Perfluorosulfonates
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFHpS
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.20
0.02
0.08
30
L-PFOS
0.01
2.24
0.30
0.50
59
0.00
10.84
0.94
2.40
43
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
0.05
0.16
0.02
0.10
26
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
0.25
2.64
0.17
1.28
17
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 32. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in sediments of the Jucar River Basin
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
2.70
10.67
5.85
5.85
100.00
0.06
4.96
1.01
1.26
80.00
PFPeA
0.40
6.18
0.93
1.54
60.00
0.03
2.10
0.49
0.62
80.00
PFHxA
─
─
─
─
─
0.26
0.27
0.04
0.27
13.33
PFHpA
0.39
1.06
0.14
0.69
20.00
0.02
0.14
0.01
0.08
13.33
PFOA
0.15
6.69
1.32
2.47
53.33
0.01
3.36
0.31
0.58
53.33
i.p-PFNA
1.97
1.97
0.13
1.97
6.67
─
─
─
─
─
PFNA
3.63
3.63
0.24
3.63
6.67
0.05
1.13
0.08
0.59
13.33
PFDA
0.37
1.65
0.23
0.85
26.67
0.01
9.59
0.74
2.22
33.33
PFUdA
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
0.46
0.04
0.21
20.00
PFDoA
─
─
─
─
─
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
6.67
PFTrDA
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.53
0.04
0.27
13.33
PFTeDA
2.40
4.44
0.46
3.42
13.33
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.67
PFHxDA
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFODA
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
L-PFBS
2.17
29.18
10.75
11.52
93.33
0.04
1.73
0.28
0.46
60.00
L-PFHxS
0.05
0.58
0.06
0.22
26.67
0.00
0.12
0.01
0.06
13.33
Perfluorosulfonates
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency (%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFHpS
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
L-PFOS
0.06
9.83
1.71
2.57
66.67
0.00
1.31
0.24
0.36
66.67
i.p-PFNS
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
13.33
L-PFDS
─
─
─
─
─
0.00
0.21
0.01
0.11
13.33
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 33. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of PFCs in sediments of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
PFBA
0.91
63.76
3.76
5.64
67
0.55
28.03
1.95
5.85
33
PFPeA
0.23
0.73
0.16
0.42
38
0.38
35.77
2.38
5.20
46
PFHxA
-
-
-
-
-
0.09
0.09
0.00
0.09
4
PFHpA
1.05
1.05
0.04
1.05
4
0.12
0.12
0.00
0.12
4
PFOA
0.18
27.1
1.26
3.79
33
0.01
0.73
0.04
0.20
21
PFTrDA
-
-
-
-
-
0.00
0.14
0.01
0.07
8
PFTeDA
0.09
0.09
0
0.09
4
0.00
0.17
0.01
0.07
17
i.p-PFNA
-
-
-
-
-
0.10
0.26
0.03
0.19
17
PFNA
-
-
-
-
-
0.13
0.77
0.05
0.38
13
PFDA
0.1
0.7
0.06
0.23
25
0.01
0.18
0.02
0.07
33
PFUdA
-
-
-
-
-
0.02
0.73
0.07
0.26
25
PFDoA
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
1.39
0.17
0.82
21
PFHxDA
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
3.56
0.18
0.71
25
PFODA
-
-
-
-
-
0.10
0.10
0.00
0.10
4
L-PFBS
0.55
1.13
0.16
0.93
17
0.05
2.47
0.40
0.74
54
L-PFHxS
0.03
0.04
0
0.03
13
-
-
-
-
-
Perfluorosulfonates
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
2011
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Mean
c
Frequency
(%)
L-PFHpS
-
-
-
-
-
0.01
0.07
0.01
0.02
21
L-PFOS
0.04
0.67
0.08
0.23
33
0.02
2.01
0.20
0.39
50
i.p-PFNS
-
-
-
-
-
0.02
0.48
0.03
0.11
29
L-PFDS
-
-
-
-
-
0.00
2.04
0.25
1.01
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
PFOSA
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 34. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in waters of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
UV filters
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
─
─
3.00
3.00
153.00 153.00
4.00
4.00
─
─
4.00
8.00
Other UV-filters
4.00
4.00
─
─
─
─
17.00 41.00
Octocrylene (OC)
24.00 27.00
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
─
0.21
10.93
0.29
─
0.86
─
3.00
153.00
4.00
─
6.00
─
7
7
7
─
14
─
─
2.90 8.20
1.70 1.70
1.90 15.40
─
─
4.30 44.10
─
0.79
0.12
2.81
─
6.11
─
5.55
1.70
6.57
─
12.23
─
14
7
43
─
50
0.57
─
─
6.79
3.64
4.00
─
─
31.67
25.50
14
─
─
21
14
5.20
─
0.60
─
─
1.53
─
0.36
─
─
7.13
─
1.25
─
─
21
─
29
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
9.30
─
2.10
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 35. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in waters of the Ebro River Basin
2010
UV filters
2011
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
─
─
─
4.00
─
6.00
Other UV-filters
8.00
─
─
5.00
Octocrylene (OC)
10.00
Max
Mean
b
Concentration ng/L
c
Mean
Frequency (%) Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
21.00
─
18.00
─
─
─
1.38
─
2.00
─
─
─
11.00
─
9.60
─
─
─
13
─
22
─
─
─
─
1.10 1.60
1.10 55.10
─
─
4.50 44.10
─
─
0.11
3.72
─
4.65
─
─
1.35
11.15
─
12.40
─
─
9
35
─
39
15.00
─
─
10.00
10.00
1.96
─
─
0.83
0.42
11.75
─
─
6.67
10.00
17
─
─
13
4
4.60 32.50
─
─
0.50 1.90
─
─
─
─
5.58
─
0.18
─
─
12.17
─
1.40
─
─
48
─
13
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 36. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in waters of the Jucar River Basin
2010
UV filters
Concentration ng/L
Min
(DHMB)
Other UV-filters
Octocrylene (OC)
2011
a
Max
Mean
b
Concentration ng/L
c
Frequency (%)
Mean
Min
a
Max
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.80
─
─
─
─
─
3.90
─
─
─
─
─
0.65
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.10
─
─
─
─
10.10
─
─
─
─
1.80
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanc
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.45
27
3.86
47
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 37. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
UV filters
Concentration ng/L
Min
Other UV-filters
Octocrylene (OC)
2011
a
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Concentration ng/L
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency (%)
─
─
2.00
2.00
1.00 1458.00
4.00
9.00
─
─
4.00
13.00
─
0.08
60.88
0.54
─
0.96
─
2.00
487.00
6.50
─
7.67
─
4
13
8
─
13
─
─
2.40 2.40
2.30 2.30
1.10 21.30
─
─
3.80 37.40
─
0.10
0.10
3.24
─
6.89
─
2.40
2.30
5.98
─
12.72
─
4
4
54
─
54
5.00
─
─
─
─
26.88
─
─
─
─
46.07
─
─
─
─
58
─
─
─
─
4.10 29.30
─
─
1.30 4.90
─
─
─
─
9.51
─
0.57
─
─
13.43
─
3.43
─
─
71
─
17
─
─
173.00
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 38. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
UV-filters
2011
Min
a
─
─
9.10
─
─
12.00
Other UV-filters
─
─
─
8.90
Octocrylene (OC)
19.20
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
─
─
9.70
─
─
35.20
─
─
1.34
─
─
5.10
─
─
9.40
─
─
23.80
─
─
14
─
─
21
─
─
3.00
─
─
1.30
─
─
14.80
─
─
24.50
─
─
2.24
─
─
5.01
─
─
6.26
─
─
8.76
─
─
36
─
─
57
─
─
─
29.30
194.30
─
─
─
3.53
32.05
─
─
─
16.47
64.10
─
─
─
21
50
28.30
─
1.50
17.60
27.70
61.00
─
2.20
99.80
250.90
6.38
─
0.26
16.19
54.12
44.65
─
1.85
37.78
94.71
14
─
14
43
57
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 39. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in sediments of the Ebro River Basin
2010
UV-filters
2011
Min
a
─
─
─
─
─
3.80
Other UV-filters
─
─
─
15.80
Octocrylene (OC)
9.10
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
─
─
23.60
─
─
─
─
─
2.50
─
─
─
─
─
8.75
─
─
─
─
─
27
─
─
─
─
─
1.10
─
─
─
─
─
16.70
─
─
─
─
─
2.64
─
─
─
─
─
5.28
─
─
─
─
─
52
─
─
─
40.50
637.80
─
─
─
4.41
45.59
─
─
─
23.15
95.73
─
─
─
18
45
─
─
1.80
14.20
18.50
─
─
7.80
53.30
700.90
─
─
0.76
12.56
55.52
─
─
3.64
30.15
88.83
─
─
22
43
65
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 40. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in sediments of the Júcar River Basin
2010
UV-filters
2011
Min
a
─
─
─
─
─
─
Other UV-filters
─
─
─
6.80
Octocrylene (OC)
14.30
Max
Mean
b
c
Mean
Frequency
(%)
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.20
─
─
─
─
─
1.20
─
─
─
─
─
0.08
─
─
─
─
─
1.20
─
─
─
─
─
7
─
─
─
6.80
21.90
─
─
─
0.45
2.41
─
─
─
6.80
18.10
─
─
─
7
13
─
─
─
6.90
6.30
─
─
─
34.80
10.30
─
─
─
5.87
1.67
─
─
─
17.60
8.37
─
─
─
33
20
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 41. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of UV-filters in sediments of the Guadalquivir River
Basin
2010
UV-filters
Other UV-filters
Octocrylene (OC)
Meanb
Meanc
2011
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Max
─
─
9.10
─
─
15.10
─
─
29.00
─
─
15.10
─
─
1.59
─
─
0.63
─
─
19.05
─
─
15.10
─
─
8
─
─
4
─
─
─
─
─
1.30
─
─
─
─
─
1.30
─
─
─
─
─
0.05
─
─
─
─
─
1.30
─
─
─
─
─
4
─
─
─
9.40
11.90
─
─
─
17.00
29.50
─
─
─
2.45
3.72
─
─
─
11.78
17.86
─
─
─
21
21
12.00
─
─
1.60
2.20
12.00
─
─
50.60
29.90
0.50
─
─
9.55
6.66
12.00
─
─
14.33
13.33
4
─
─
67
50
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Max
Meanb
Meanc
Frequency
(%)
Mina
WP4: QUALITY
Table 42. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in waters of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Illicit Drugs
Mina
2011
Concentration ng/L
Meanb
Meanc
Max
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Concentration ng/L
Meanb
Meanc
Max
Frequency
(%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
(-)-Δ9-THC
(±)-11-hydroxy-Δ9-THC
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
1.96
0.41
1.56
0.35
2.24
7.58
1.90
18.80
0.30
2.07
0.25
7.80
2.10
2.23
1.73
9.93
8
54
8
46
─
0.12
0.07
0.25
─
56.80
0.38
88.60
─
8.76
0.86
12.78
─
13.62
0.21
14.97
─
64
43
86
2.19
0.66
10.50
4.20
25.80
23.00
1.52
2.66
3.23
3.04
5.32
15.07
29
29
13
1.78
0.63
6.72
8.12
13.40
86.00
2.14
2.27
19.54
4.29
3.98
3.39
50
57
64
─
─
1.02
─
─
─
─
1.02
─
─
─
─
0.07
─
─
─
─
1.02
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.44
─
0.66
25.20
─
23.80
7.85
─
4.80
9.16
─
5.17
0.46
─
0.82
44.00
─
7.14
11.57
─
2.44
14.72
─
2.63
79
─
93
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.14
13.90
4.13
4.44
0.04
49.50
8.63
12.86
7
50
54
54
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit Drugs
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
Mina
0.46
─
─
0.85
Concentration ng/L
Meanb
Meanc
Max
9.64
2.59
2.59
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.16
0.14
1.00
2011
Frequency
(%)
58
8
Mina
0.25
─
─
1.25
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Concentration ng/L
Meanb
Meanc
Max
2.00
3.51
4.98
─
─
─
─
─
─
3.20
0.42
1.97
Frequency
(%)
86
─
─
21
WP4: QUALITY
Table 43. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in waters of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Illicit Drugs
Mina
2011
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
Concentration ng/L
Frequency (%) Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency (%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
1.89
0.22
2.51
0.68
6.47
3.13
2.51
52.90
0.35
0.63
0.10
9.52
4.18
1.00
2.51
11.42
8
63
4
83
1.11
0.12
0.62
0.52
1.11
14.30
2.92
144.00
0.46
1.64
0.24
17.90
1.11
2.32
0.42
21.37
4
71
58
8
2.23
1.37
13.30
3.29
3.11
51.20
0.46
0.19
4.38
2.74
2.24
35.07
17
8
13
1.70
0.27
5.74
7.80
2.87
48.50
0.88
0.35
5.78
2.63
1.63
27.73
33
21
21
3.58
─
─
─
─
3.58
─
─
─
─
0.15
─
─
─
─
3.58
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.48
0.30
0.73
94.60
1.02
34.20
7.36
0.09
3.04
9.30
0.72
6.07
0.28
3.67
0.64
129.00
3.67
25.40
1.34
0.15
4.36
1.34
3.67
4.36
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
79
13
50
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
100
4
100
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit Drugs
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
Mina
0.10
0.26
─
1.56
0.60
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
44.80
4.26
4.87
10.80
1.47
1.68
─
─
─
1.56
0.07
1.56
3.57
0.35
2.07
2011
Frequency (%) Mina
88
0.92
88
0.23
0.19
─
17
1.69
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
14.40
2.39
2.73
5.40
1.16
1.46
0.19
0.79
0.19
─
─
─
21.90
1.63
8.53
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Frequency (%)
88
79
4
13
WP4: QUALITY
Table 44. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in waters of the Júcar River Basin
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
2011
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
Concentration ng/L
Frequency (%) Mina Max
Meanb Meanc
Frequency (%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
─
0.54
─
0.69
─
0.54
─
23.90
─
0.04
─
3.50
─
0.538
─
5.2516
─
7
─
67
5.83
0.25
0.05
0.30
5.83
10.70
0.36
10.70
0.39
0.75
0.07
2.56
5.83
3.76
0.14
2.96
7
20
53
87
2.28
2.45
0.89
1.91
10.30 10.30
0.63
0.19
0.69
2.3675
1.4
10.3
27
13
7
1.05
0.63
1.71
2.51
2.29
14.60
0.36
0.30
2.52
1.80
1.49
7.56
20
20
33
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.51
─
1.47
21.40
─
8.11
4.42
─
2.10
4.731429
─
2.859091
93
─
73
0.73
1.05
0.54
651.00
1.05
728.00
45.91
0.07
51.13
45.91
1.05
51.13
100
7
100
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit drugs
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
Mina
0.25
0.22
─
─
0.85
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
5.78
1.56
1.945417
2.44
1.03
1.191154
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.85
0.06
0.847
2011
Concentration ng/L
a
Frequency (%) Min Max
Meanb Meanc
80
0.03
6.25
0.96
1.20
87
0.06
1.28
0.41
0.52
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
7
0.48
0.48
0.03
0.48
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Frequency (%)
80
80
─
─
7
WP4: QUALITY
Table 45. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in waters of the Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
2011
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
Frequency (%) Mina
Concentration ng/L
Meanb Meanc
Max
Frequency (%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
─
0.44
─
0.12
─
23.00
─
21.60
─
1.18
─
4.53
2.34
0.95
10.50
5.96
3.89
47.40
0.56
0.33
2.41
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.22
─
1.49
30.30
─
9.98
6.85
─
0.89
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
5.44
─
29
─
83
─
0.97
0.72
0.42
─
2.96
0.72
66.20
─
0.66
0.22
17.37
3.36
2.62
28.95
17
13
8
1.11
0.14
3.19
3.60
3.97
3.60
0.84
0.62
6.68
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
17.00
─
─
─
─
17.00
─
─
─
─
0.78
─
─
79
─
21
0.20
─
0.63
62.90
─
15.30
15.11
─
3.20
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
4.05
─
─
8.65
─
4.25
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
─
1.39
0.31
18.94
─
58
71
92
2.25
1.24
14.58
38
50
46
17.00
─
─
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
16.47
3.49
92
─
92
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit drugs
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
Mina
0.16
0.24
2.49
─
0.75
Concentration ng/L
Frequency (%) Mina
Meanb Meanc
Max
33.80
2.23
3.34
67
0.51
14.00
1.07
1.43
75
0.15
2.49
0.10
2.49
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.51
0.14
1.12
13
0.84
2011
Concentration ng/L
Frequency (%)
Meanb Meanc
Max
16.00
2.41
2.45
8
12.50
1.44
1.73
8
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.99
0.12
1.41
8
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Table 46. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in sediments of the Llobregat River Basin
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
2011
Meanb Meanc
Max
Frequency
(%)
Mina
Meanb Meanc
Max
Frequency (%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
─
0.02
─
─
─
0.20
─
─
─
0.03
─
─
─
0.10
─
─
─
0.08
─
─
0.25
─
─
0.03
─
─
0.15
─
5.85
─
─
─
12.80
36.60
─
─
─
12.80
3.48
─
─
─
0.91
16.23
─
─
─
12.80
─
─
0.13
─
─
0.47
─
─
0.23
─
─
0.25
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.09
─
0.48
─
0.83
─
0.48
─
0.08
─
0.03
─
0.37
─
0.48
─
21
─
7
0.29
0.10
na
0.29
1.32
na
0.02
0.12
na
0.29
0.56
na
7
21
na
7
13.95
─
na
─
─
13.95
─
na
─
─
1.00
─
na
─
─
13.95
─
na
─
─
7
─
na
─
─
93
0.81
─
0.22
0.81
─
0.72
0.06
─
0.21
0.81
─
0.42
7.14
─
50
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
29
21
21
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
0.15
0.11
─
─
─
2011
Meanb Meanc
Max
3.84
1.10
─
─
─
0.50
0.21
─
─
─
1.01
0.37
─
─
─
Frequency
(%)
50
57
─
─
─
Mina
0.20
─
─
─
─
Meanb Meanc
Max
15.80
5.70
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
1.94
0.59
─
─
─
3.39
1.37
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
57
43
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 47. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in sediments of the Ebro River Basin
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
2011
Meanb Meanc
Max
Frequency
(%)
Mina
b
Meanc
Max Mean
Frequency (%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
─
0.08
─
0.40
─
0.31
─
0.40
─
0.04
─
0.02
─
0.18
─
0.40
─
23
5
─
0.11
0.18
0.11
─
0.43
0.18
0.48
─
0.03
0.01
0.03
─
0.24
0.18
0.25
─
13
4
13
─
0.05
─
─
0.24
─
─
0.01
─
─
0.15
─
─
9
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
4.37
─
─
14.90
43.90
35.65
─
─
14.90
43.90
1.92
─
─
0.62
1.83
15.37
─
─
14.90
43.90
14
─
─
5
5
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.12
─
─
1.04
─
─
0.28
─
─
0.36
─
─
86
─
─
0.17
─
─
0.44
─
─
0.11
─
─
0.34
─
─
35
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
0.10
0.15
─
─
─
2011
Meanb Meanc
Max
9.45
3.74
─
─
─
0.98
0.34
─
─
─
2.61
1.01
─
─
─
Frequency
(%)
Mina
41
36
─
─
─
0.09
0.17
─
─
─
b
Meanc
Max Mean
7.80
2.69
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
1.13
0.30
─
─
─
2.26
0.81
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
52
39
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 48. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in sediments of the Jucar River Basin
2010
Illicit drugs
Min
a
2011
b
Meanc
Max Mean
Frequency (%) Min
a
b
Meanc
Max Mean
Frequency (%)
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
─
0.05
─
─
─
0.06
─
─
─
0.01
─
─
─
0.05
─
─
─
21
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.20
─
─
0.20
─
─
0.01
─
─
0.20
─
─
7
─
─
0.13
─
─
0.13
─
─
0.01
─
─
0.13
─
─
7
─
3.91
─
─
3.88
3.84
3.91
─
─
3.88
3.84
0.26
─
─
0.26
0.26
3.91
─
─
3.88
3.84
7
─
─
7
7
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.15
─
─
1.18
─
─
0.27
─
─
0.34
─
─
83
0.28
─
0.29
0.46
─
4.56
0.05
─
0.48
0.37
─
1.03
13
─
47
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit drugs
Mina
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
0.49
0.13
─
─
─
b
Meanc
Max Mean
0.76
1.08
─
─
─
0.17
0.28
─
─
─
0.63
0.34
─
─
─
2011
Frequency (%) Mina
28
83
─
─
─
0.20
0.16
─
─
─
b
Meanc
Max Mean
1.92
0.56
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.27
0.10
─
─
─
0.80
0.38
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
33
27
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 49. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of illicit drugs in sediments of the Guadalquivir River
Basin
2010
2011
Illicit drugs
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Frequency (%)
c
Mean
Min
a
Max
Mean
b
Frequency (%)
c
Mean
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
─
0.06
-
─
0.06
-
─
0.00
-
─
0.06
-
─
4
─
─
─
─
0.25
─
─
─
0.63
─
─
─
0.04
─
─
─
0.43725
─
─
─
8
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.17
─
─
0.79
─
─
0.34
─
─
0.34
─
─
100
─
─
0.31
─
─
4.99
─
─
0.92
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
─
─
1.301618
─
─
71
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Illicit drugs
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
Mina
─
─
0.07
0.13
─
─
─
Max
─
─
5.80
18.00
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
0.38
3.51
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
1.01
3.90
─
─
─
2011
Frequency (%)
─
─
Mina Max
─
─
─
─
38
79
─
─
─
0.96
0.13
─
─
─
9.65
32.60
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb
─
─
0.44
1.61
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
5.305
3.8531
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
8
42
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 50. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of
FRs in sediments of Llobregat River Basin in 2010
Emerging halogenated
flame retardants
Emerging BFRs
DBDPE
DPMA
HBB
PBEB
anti-DP
Dec602
Dec603
Dec604
syn-DP
BDE-100
BDE-153
BDE-154
BDE-183
BDE-209
BDE-28
BDE-47
BDE-99
Mina
Max
Meanb
Frequency
(%)
Meanc
2.12
─
─
─
36.55
─
─
─
14.07
─
─
─
15.15
─
─
─
93
─
─
─
0.02
0.06
0.06
─
0.02
1.50
2.99
1.04
─
0.73
0.36
0.51
0.21
─
0.14
0.42
1.78
0.41
─
0.18
86
29
50
─
79
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
2.08
─
0.11
0.07
0.09
0.01
0.04
0.18
63.63
─
0.70
0.53
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
12.14
─
0.08
0.17
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.05
18.89
─
0.37
0.26
29
7
21
64
64
─
21
64
FRs in sediments of Ebro River Basin in 2010
flame retardants
Emerging BFRs
DBDPE
DPMA
HBB
PBEB
anti-DP
Dec602
Dec603
Dec604
syn-DP
Polybromodiphenyl
Mina
Max
Meanb
Frequency
(%)
Meanc
1.63
─
─
0.09
82.65
─
─
0.09
17.43
─
─
0.00
23.66
─
─
0.09
74
─
─
5
0.01
0.14
0.02
─
0.00
1.33
1.91
1.30
─
0.50
0.28
0.11
0.08
─
0.10
0.31
1.02
0.40
─
0.11
89
11
21
─
89
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
ethers
BDE-100
BDE-153
BDE-154
BDE-183
BDE-209
BDE-28
BDE-47
BDE-99
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.31
─
0.02
0.02
0.03
2.18
0.62
9.14
38.94
─
1.39
3.48
0.00
0.15
0.03
0.49
5.06
─
0.11
0.50
0.03
0.56
0.32
3.07
12.01
─
0.30
0.95
5
26
11
16
42
─
37
53
FRs in sediments of Júcar River Basin in 2010
flame retardants
Emerging BFRs
DBDPE
DPMA
HBB
PBEB
anti-DP
Dec602
Dec603
Dec604
syn-DP
BDE-100
BDE-153
BDE-154
BDE-183
BDE-209
BDE-28
BDE-47
BDE-99
Min
a
Max
Meanb
Frequency
(%)
Meanc
2.36
─
─
─
8.60
─
─
─
4.90
─
─
─
4.90
─
─
─
100
─
─
─
0.03
0.37
0.06
─
0.01
0.16
1.04
0.55
─
0.10
0.11
0.35
0.18
─
0.04
0.11
0.71
0.24
─
0.05
100
50
75
─
75
0.02
0.07
0.03
0.04
0.47
0.03
0.02
0.05
0.16
0.09
0.03
0.07
6.12
0.03
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.02
0.04
2.96
0.02
0.04
0.07
0.10
0.08
0.03
0.06
2.96
0.03
0.05
0.07
75
75
50
75
100
50.00
75
100
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
FRs in sediments of Guadalquivir River Basin in 2010
flame retardants
Emerging BFRs
DBDPE
DPMA
HBB
PBEB
anti-DP
Dec602
Dec603
Dec604
syn-DP
Polybromodiphenyl
ethers
BDE-100
BDE-153
BDE-154
BDE-183
BDE-209
BDE-28
BDE-47
BDE-99
Min
a
Max
3.29
─
─
─
11.59
─
─
─
0.06
0.17
0.03
─
0.02
0.08
0.20
0.08
─
0.03
0.04
0.02
─
0.02
0.74
─
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
─
0.06
1.35
─
0.02
0.03
Meanb
Frequency
(%)
Meanc
5.21
─
─
─
6.95
─
─
─
0.07
0.09
0.03
─
75
─
─
─
0.07
0.19
0.06
─
100
50
50
─
0.02
0.02
75
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.04
25
50
─
─
0.03
0.52
─
─
0.03
1.05
─
0.01
0.01
75
50
─
0.02
0.03
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
25
25
WP4: QUALITY
Table 54. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of POPs in sediments of Llobregat River Basin
2010
Persistent organic pollutants
2.4’-DDD
2.4’-DDE
2.4’-DDT
4.4’-DDD
4.4’-DDE
4.4’-DDT
Aldrin
alfa-endosulfan
alfa-HCH
beta-endosulfan
beta-HCH
delta-HCH
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Endosulfan_sulfate
gamma-HCH
Heptachlor
Heptachlor-endo
Heptachlor-exo
Hexachlorobenzene
Isodrin
2011
Mina
Max
Meanb
─
─
0.62
─
─
2.43
3.43
7.50
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.62
─
─
2.43
21.26
70.83
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.04
─
─
0.17
1.76
9.45
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
0.62
─
─
2.43
12.35
33.09
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency
(%)
─
─
7
─
─
7
14
29
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Mina
Max
3.21
3.71
─
─
─
─
2.57
19.28
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.31
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
17.17
23.41
─
─
─
─
11.90
21.39
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.85
─
Meanb
1.77
2.27
─
─
─
─
1.03
2.90
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.08
─
Meanc
8.26
10.60
─
─
─
─
7.24
20.33
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.58
─
Frequency (%)
21
21
─
─
─
─
14
14
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
14
─
WP4: QUALITY
2010
∑Organochlorine compounds
Other
Trifluraline
∑Other
PAHs
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
∑PAHs
PCBs
PCB101
PCB118
2011
Frequency
(%)
43
Mina
8.74
Max
52.78
Meanb
8.06
1567.12
1567.12
7
7
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.98
3.61
4.07
15.54
9.75
11.77
5.18
6.39
19.54
5.60
45.20
4.79
1.89
14.27
20.96
26.01
196.55
8.57
9.38
7.56
18.36
10.57
15.30
7.49
9.23
19.54
9.10
58.76
7.78
4.10
37.09
27.24
30.74
196.55
21
36
50
79
86
71
64
64
93
57
71
57
43
36
71
79
93
1.63
4.76
1.97
3.16
3.84
1.07
2.14
2.10
1.36
6.45
1.13
0.36
0.89
─
3.06
2.48
21.23
26.08
18.39
174.72
477.87
229.88
408.31
137.93
437.51
546.08
49.57
1845.60
37.89
127.51
─
843.66
1230.59
6591.60
2.77
3.83
14.68
68.52
36.97
69.53
27.82
81.64
76.25
6.70
181.72
3.39
22.76
─
94.87
142.37
833.81
9.69
13.41
41.09
79.94
57.50
81.11
43.27
95.24
88.96
18.75
195.70
11.88
39.84
─
147.57
153.33
897.95
0.20
0.82
2.77
5.74
7
14
11.46
17.83
14.71
17.83
2.18
1.27
13.08
17.83
Mina
3.05
Max
70.83
Meanb
11.43
1567.12
1567.12
1567.12
1567.12
111.94
111.94
4.68
1.74
1.92
0.93
1.48
2.19
1.73
1.45
0.43
1.02
4.45
3.40
1.61
6.09
4.91
5.59
3.86
14.80
19.50
22.52
110.11
66.21
91.56
31.99
31.99
113.54
37.30
385.36
15.15
13.17
85.75
121.46
161.49
1212.16
2.77
3.12
2.77
8.35
Meanc
26.68
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanc
22.58
─
─
Frequency (%)
36
─
─
29
29
36
86
64
86
64
86
86
36
93
29
57
─
64
93
93
14
7
WP4: QUALITY
2010
PCB138
PCB149
PCB153
PCB170
PCB18
PCB180
PCB194
PCB28
PCB31
PCB44
PCB52
∑PCBs
2011
Mina
3.19
5.79
3.28
5.91
─
2.68
─
─
─
─
─
2.68
Max
5.33
5.79
3.28
5.91
─
2.68
─
─
─
─
─
17.17
Meanb
0.84
0.41
0.23
0.42
─
0.19
─
─
─
─
─
3.12
Meanc
3.92
5.79
3.28
5.91
─
2.68
─
─
─
─
─
7.28
Frequency
(%)
21
7
7
7
─
7
─
─
─
─
─
43
Mina
1.12
56.28
68.33
75.94
─
40.89
─
─
─
─
4.85
1.12
Max
42.20
77.21
81.02
91.76
─
45.12
─
─
─
─
4.85
335.07
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Frequency (%)
Meanb Meanc
5.68
26.51
21
9.53
66.74
14
10.67
74.68
14
11.98
83.85
14
─
─
─
6.14
43.01
14
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.35
4.85
7
47.49
221.64
21
WP4: QUALITY
Table 55. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of POPs in sediments of Ebro River Basin
2010
Min
2.4’-DDD
2.4’-DDE
2.4’-DDT
4.4’-DDD
4.4’-DDE
4.4’-DDT
Aldrin
alfa-endosulfan
alfa-HCH
beta-endosulfan
beta-HCH
delta-HCH
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Endosulfan_sulfate
gamma-HCH
Heptachlor
Heptachlor-endo
Heptachlor-exo
Hexachlorobenzene
2011
a
5.47
20.13
3.57
2.11
7.40
13.42
2.41
27.39
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
10.95
b
Max
Mean
7.54
25.04
30.15
2.58
73.16
582.00
50.86
999.80
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
15.07
0.77
2.66
1.98
0.28
4.74
35.02
2.45
60.42
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.53
c
Mean
6.51
22.59
16.86
2.35
40.28
212.55
18.51
446.62
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
13.01
a
Frequency (%)
Min
8
8
8
8
8
13
21
13
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
8
1.79
10.20
140.33
4.88
56.63
14.54
74.36
143.66
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
411.31
Max
Meanb
2.05
10.20
140.33
4.88
56.63
460.31
74.36
1263.56
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
411.31
0.20
0.54
7.39
0.26
2.98
24.99
3.91
66.50
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
21.65
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanc
1.92
10.20
140.33
4.88
56.63
237.43
74.36
703.61
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
411.31
Frequency
(%)
8
4
4
4
4
8
4
8
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
4
WP4: QUALITY
Isodrin
Other
Trifluraline
∑Other
PAHs
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
∑PAHs
PCBs
PCB101
2010
2011
Mina
─
2.41
Max
─
1730.86
Meanb
─
109.85
Meanc
─
284.16
Frequency (%)
─
33
Mina
─
2.05
Max
─
2413.17
Meanb
─
128.42
Meanc
─
516.72
Frequency
(%)
─
21
2.05
2.05
11.64
11.64
0.81
0.81
7.46
7.46
13
13
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.23
1.29
1.39
1.28
2.11
3.26
0.38
2.03
1.76
1.30
2.62
1.27
2.68
5.39
2.69
3.05
1.30
18.44
14.10
99.13
375.20
125.80
176.50
44.40
102.90
378.20
30.49
767.20
116.47
11.96
91.32
438.00
445.40
3213.95
2.64
1.17
4.87
16.57
9.06
6.76
3.57
5.43
28.05
2.55
73.35
9.78
0.82
15.93
29.04
23.75
228.89
9.91
4.13
15.16
33.94
17.03
21.73
6.62
12.85
44.29
6.32
115.31
16.87
5.21
38.09
55.24
48.39
353.51
25
33
50
83
71
58
71
67
83
58
75
71
25
42
71
75
88
0.94
1.32
1.23
2.06
2.71
3.47
3.33
1.05
3.71
1.23
3.32
1.33
2.55
1.72
5.52
4.14
37.97
7.48
61.68
236.41
104.61
136.08
174.43
96.67
88.11
2265.63
29.04
265.58
24.37
99.70
26.59
159.38
196.45
3821.13
2.23
11.19
54.98
34.85
31.45
50.86
24.44
20.09
156.28
8.44
64.85
4.37
22.41
4.93
53.88
56.60
601.83
3.86
18.46
62.06
37.39
39.26
55.25
31.51
20.93
154.23
10.28
66.66
6.65
30.15
11.01
54.95
62.04
561.70
63
50
79
83
75
83
75
83
83
75
92
63
71
42
88
88
96
2.10
152.90
9.49
33.55
21
24.19
24.19
1.27
24.19
4
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
PCB118
PCB138
PCB149
PCB153
PCB170
PCB18
PCB180
PCB194
PCB28
PCB31
PCB44
PCB52
∑PCBs
Mina
1.79
1.90
7.12
4.87
8.20
─
3.04
5.83
─
─
3.07
8.21
1.90
2010
2011
Max
30.43
1740.00
2000.00
1566.00
1353.00
─
654.90
241.40
─
─
3.07
8.21
7738.63
Meanb
2.64
106.65
122.92
97.24
107.72
─
51.53
22.70
─
─
0.00
0.00
520.88
Meanc
8.97
208.67
308.40
213.80
270.25
─
112.92
78.34
─
─
3.07
8.21
763.16
Frequency (%)
21
38
29
33
29
─
33
21
─
─
4
4
50
Mina
11.52
59.33
6.40
64.50
29.92
16.10
82.51
80.92
23.72
33.95
─
17.97
6.40
Max
11.52
59.33
198.90
64.50
117.50
16.10
82.51
80.92
23.72
33.95
─
17.97
580.38
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb
0.61
3.12
13.34
3.39
7.76
0.85
4.34
4.26
1.25
1.79
─
0.95
42.93
Meanc
11.52
59.33
84.49
64.50
73.71
16.10
82.51
80.92
23.72
33.95
─
17.97
203.90
Frequency
(%)
4
4
13
4
8
4
4
4
4
4
─
4
17
WP4: QUALITY
Table 56. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of POPs in sediments of Jucar River Basin
2010
Min
2.4’-DDD
2.4’-DDE
2.4’-DDT
4.4’-DDD
4.4’-DDE
4.4’-DDT
Aldrin
alfa-endosulfan
alfa-HCH
beta-endosulfan
beta-HCH
delta-HCH
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Endosulfan_sulfate
gamma-HCH
Heptachlor
Heptachlor-endo
Heptachlor-exo
Hexachlorobenzene
2011
a
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.51
10.22
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
b
Max
Mean
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.28
95.88
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.12
15.02
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
c
Mean
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.90
32.18
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
13.33
46.67
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Min
a
Max
─
─
─
─
─
─
3.99
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
─
─
─
─
─
─
10.11
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.94
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
7.05
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
13.33
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Isodrin
Other
Trifluraline
∑Other
PAHs
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
∑PAHs
PCBs
PCB101
2010
2011
Mina
─
1.28
Max
─
95.88
Meanb
─
15.14
Meanc
─
28.38
5.85
5.85
86.30
86.30
8.74
8.74
32.76
32.76
26.67
26.67
0.87
─
─
0.73
0.75
2.18
0.42
0.30
0.28
1.13
4.93
0.87
2.33
─
1.35
3.56
0.75
0.87
─
─
26.36
12.40
18.28
4.21
8.72
28.64
7.02
21.34
0.87
9.93
─
32.23
29.45
194.03
0.06
─
─
3.53
2.55
3.41
0.74
0.91
4.52
1.83
2.47
0.06
2.64
─
3.28
2.54
28.54
0.87
─
─
5.30
3.19
6.40
1.85
1.95
5.65
2.75
12.36
0.87
3.96
─
9.85
12.68
28.54
6.67
─
─
66.67
80.00
53.33
40.00
46.67
80.00
66.67
20.00
6.67
66.67
─
33.33
20.00
100.00
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
53.33
Mina
─
3.99
Max
─
10.11
─
─
0.64
5.32
1.83
0.40
0.94
0.44
0.48
0.94
1.43
0.62
2.78
0.44
0.87
─
4.40
4.39
59.06
─
─
51.34
68.37
35.82
12.00
10.72
10.10
22.98
8.76
14.75
13.58
39.14
10.54
20.66
─
139.49
52.87
395.80
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
─
Frequency (%)
Meanb Meanc
─
─
─
0.94
7.05
13.33
─
─
18.29
19.60
2.67
2.91
4.89
4.55
7.25
3.21
5.35
3.18
10.52
3.74
5.82
─
21.24
16.82
130.05
─
─
─
18.29
22.62
13.33
3.36
5.64
4.55
7.25
4.82
5.35
9.54
11.27
4.01
6.24
─
21.24
16.82
130.05
─
─
─
100.00
86.67
20.00
86.67
86.67
100.00
100.00
66.67
100.00
33.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
─
100.00
100.00
100.00
─
WP4: QUALITY
PCB118
PCB138
PCB149
PCB153
PCB170
PCB18
PCB180
PCB194
PCB28
PCB31
PCB44
PCB52
∑PCBs
Mina
─
14.50
─
─
3.12
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
3.12
2010
2011
Max
─
14.50
─
─
3.12
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
14.50
Meanb
─
0.97
─
─
0.21
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
1.17
Meanc
─
14.50
─
─
3.12
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
8.81
Frequency (%)
─
6.67
─
─
6.67
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
13.33
Mina
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Table 57. Minimum and maximum concentration. mean levels and frequency of POPs in sediments of Guadalquivir River Basin
2010
Min
2.4’-DDD
2.4’-DDE
2.4’-DDT
4.4’-DDD
4.4’-DDE
4.4’-DDT
Aldrin
alfa-endosulfan
alfa-HCH
beta-endosulfan
beta-HCH
delta-HCH
Dicofol
Dieldrin
Endosulfan_sulfate
gamma-HCH
Heptachlor
Heptachlor-endo
Heptachlor-exo
Hexachlorobenzene
2011
a
─
─
0.80
─
1.91
8.22
0.87
8.01
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Max
Mean
─
─
0.80
─
1.91
8.22
80.45
8.01
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.04
─
0.10
0.43
9.00
0.42
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
b
c
Mean
─
─
0.80
─
1.91
8.22
10.66
8.01
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
4
─
4
4
71
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Min
a
─
─
─
1.08
6.12
7.53
0.76
9.85
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
1.75
6.12
7.53
58.70
9.85
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb
─
─
─
0.35
0.32
0.40
5.97
0.52
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
1.33
6.12
7.53
10.80
9.85
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
21
4
4
46
4
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Isodrin
Other
Trifluraline
∑Other
PAHs
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Benzo[a]pyrene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Fluorene
Naphthalene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
∑PAHs
PCBs
PCB101
2010
2011
Mina
─
0.87
Max
─
91.38
Meanb
─
9.99
─
─
─
─
─
─
0.90
─
1.47
0.30
1.76
0.51
1.88
0.94
0.17
1.73
0.22
4.74
2.78
7.21
1.19
0.85
0.27
29.48
─
1.47
8.57
2.05
10.63
1.88
2.90
12.02
4.75
34.83
63.62
6.22
133.11
14.94
15.86
241.89
─
─
Meanc
─
11.78
Frequency (%)
─
71
Mina
─
0.76
─
─
─
─
─
─
2.07
─
0.08
0.79
0.20
0.77
0.10
0.20
1.32
0.34
5.26
4.77
2.28
28.72
1.83
2.76
51.48
10.04
─
1.47
2.39
1.91
2.68
1.88
1.92
2.64
3.24
5.52
20.30
3.37
56.45
4.92
4.21
49.77
17
─
4
33
8
25
4
8
50
8
92
21
67
50
38
71
100
─
─
─
0.71
─
1.18
0.11
0.47
0.48
0.42
0.31
0.61
0.60
1.02
1.51
0.67
─
2.64
1.58
8.68
─
Max
─
82.20
─
─
4.22
─
8.16
10.56
18.03
15.67
24.57
16.26
15.26
16.38
21.39
3.72
20.68
─
20.99
19.05
164.70
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb Meanc
─
─
7.55
11.46
─
─
─
─
0.37
─
0.84
1.85
3.85
3.30
4.03
2.69
3.39
1.57
4.83
0.41
3.07
─
6.94
5.47
42.58
2.32
─
3.94
2.32
4.60
3.34
4.01
2.82
3.44
4.00
4.95
2.33
3.61
─
7.08
5.62
43.52
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
54
─
─
13
─
21
88
88
100
100
96
100
42
100
17
88
─
100
100
100
─
WP4: QUALITY
PCB118
PCB138
PCB149
PCB153
PCB170
PCB18
PCB180
PCB194
PCB28
PCB31
PCB44
PCB52
∑PCBs
Mina
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
2010
2011
Max
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Mina
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Max
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
Meanb
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Meanc
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
Frequency (%)
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
─
WP4: QUALITY
Annex V. Hazar quotients (HQ)
Table 58. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish. Daphnia and algae for the different chemical compounds and campaigns in the Llobregat
River
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
Maximum concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
PHARMACEUTICALS
ACETAMINOPHEN
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CODEINE
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
IBUPROFEN
0.01
0.01 0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
INDOMETHACINE
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
OXYCODONE (PNEC)
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.01
NAPROXEN
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
Algae fish
algae fish a
algae
Daphnia
0.0
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.01 0.00
0.0
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00 0.00
0.0
0.01 0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00 0.00
0.02
Mean concentration
0.00
0.00
0.00
AMOXICILIN
0.00
0.00 0.15
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.00
0.03
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
0.00
0.00 0.00
2.91
0.00
0.00
0.01
14.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.64
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
0.00
0.00
90.66 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
632.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
13.32
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
1.86
0.0
0
23.16
0.00
0.0
0
0.0
1
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
0.00
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
0.00
40.0
0.00
1
0.00
TETRACYCLINE
0.00
293.81 0.00
0.00
850.39
0.00
0.00
22.93
0.00
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
0.00
860.25 0.00
0.00 7521.74
0.01
0.00
401.24
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00 349.26
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
99.21
3010.8
7
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
FUROSEMIDE
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
ENALAPRILAT
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
antagonists
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.08
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
BENZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
GEMFIBROZIL
0.08
0.01 0.02
0.34
0.03
0.08
0.08
0.01
0.02
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.00
0.14
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.01
0.3
3
0.0
0
0.01
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish
algae fish a
algae
Daphnia Algae fish
Daphnia
0.0
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00 0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
0.00
0.03
0.00
2011
0.43
0.00 0.00
0.00
Mean concentration
0.1
5
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
EDCs
Nonylphenol (NP)
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.13
0.14
0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.10
Octylphenol (OP)
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.3
9
0.83
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
0.0
0
0.0
0
Benzylparaben
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Ethylparaben
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
Triclorocaraban
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
Triclosan
0.00
0.00 2.44
0.05
0.03
25.72
0.00
0.00
1.47
Methylparaben
0.00
0.00
0.00
Propylparaben
Bactericides
conjugates
Estradiol (E2)
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.0
0
0.0
4
0.01
0.00
0.03 18.92
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Others
Caffeine
0.00
0.00 1.14
0.01
0.01
3.58
0.01
0.01
1.57
0.0
3
0.03
7.63
0.04
0.01 0.03
0.27
0.07
0.20
0.05
0.01
0.04
0.3
2
0.08
0.24
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
0.00 0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.13
0.01
0.00
1.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.39
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
3.6
7
0.0
4
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOLACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.27 0.00
0.05 0.00
0.04
0.00
0.72
0.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.65
0.09
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.05
4.79
1.00 0.00
0.04
0.43
17.13
7.90
0.00
CHLORFENVINPHOS
0.00
1.54 0.00
0.00
13.92
CHLORPYRIPHOS
3.04
39.51 0.01
4.80
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
0.00
4.99 0.00
DIMETHOATE
0.00
0.00 0.00
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
0.00
0.68 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.41
0.00
62.34
0.01
4.08
53.08
0.01
0.00
13.61
0.00
0.00
6.45
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
16.32
0.04
5.51
0.04
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.0
0
0.0
0
10.
50
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.00
0.01
5.70
0.00
136.54
0.03
35.77
0.01
0.13
0.00
126.77
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
1.37
35.25 0.00
17.80
457.65
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.06
0.00
0.00 0.11
0.00
0.00
1.09
0.00
0.00 0.01
0.00
0.00
0.05
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
HQ
algae
0.12
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
0.0
0
0.00
1.07
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish
algae fish a
algae
Daphnia Algae fish
Daphnia
0.0
0.00 0.05
0.00
0.00
0.08 0.00
0.01
0.20
0
0.04 1.14
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
PFBA
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.0
2
0.00
0.00 0.29
0.01
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
1.55
0.00
0.00 2.24
0.00
0.00
8.84
0.00
0.00
8.63
0.00
0.00 0.11
0.00
0.01
0.27
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.0
2
0.0
0
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
9.74
0.03 59.08
0.02
0.74
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
0
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PFNA
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PFDA
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PFUdA
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
PFHxDA
PFODA
Perfluorosulfonates
0.00
0.00 0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
0.00
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish
algae fish a
algae
Daphnia Algae fish
Daphnia
0.0
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
L-PFHpS
L-PFOS
i.p-PFNS
L-PFDS
PFOSA
UV-filters
2011
0.74
0.07
0.11
Mean concentration
0.00
(DHMB)
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.14
0.00
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
Other UV-filters
0.0
0
0.00
0.0
1
0.00
Octocrylene (OC)
Illicit drugs
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
alga
fish
Daphnia e
2011
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia Algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Maximum
concentration
HQ
HQ Daphni HQ
fish a
algae
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Table 59. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish. Daphnia and algae for the different chemical compounds and campaigns in the Ebro River
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PHARMACEUTICALS
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE (PNEC)
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ Algae HQ fish Daphnia HQ Algae HQ fish Daphnia HQ Algae HQ fish Daphnia Algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.35
0.01
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.03
0.14
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.00
57.86
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
326.13
83.43
0.00
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
2.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
32.81
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.86
1.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
929.11
0.00
17.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1370.08
750.00
258.58
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
58.89
126.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
181.89
709.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
406.96
16.30
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
antagonists
CIMETIDINE
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BENZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
HQ
Daphnia
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.33
0.01
0.03
0.07
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
Endocrine disrupting
compounds EDCs
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
Nonylphenol (NP)
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia HQ Algae HQ fish Daphnia HQ Algae HQ fish Daphnia HQ Algae HQ fish Daphnia Algae
0.03
0.07
0.15
0.32
0.16
0.34
1.30
2.79
Nonylphenol monocarboxylate
(NP1EC)
Nonylphenol monoethoxylate
(NP1EO)
Octylphenol (OP)
Octylphenol
monocarboxylate(OP1EC)
Octylphenol monoethoxylate
(OP1EO)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Methylparaben
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.95
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
0.00
0.02
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0.02
0.47
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
Triclosan
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
1.37
0.03
0.02
15.83
Natural and synthetic estrogens
and conjugates
Estradiol (E2)
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
2.11
0.07
0.07
20.23
Organophosphorus Flame
Retardants
Tris(cloroisopropyl) phosphate
(TCCP)
Others
Caffeine
0.00
0.00
0.66
0.01
0.01
2.62
Plastizicers
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
Bisphenol A (BPA)
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOLACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.11
0.03
0.08
0.07
0.01
0.09
0.02
0.00
0.06
0.04
2.83
0.16
0.47
0.02
0.14
0.13
0.01
0.09
0.28
6.27
0.25
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.14
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.08
0.39
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.09
0.08
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.01
0.03
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.00
0.09
0.26
3.22
1.35
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.12
0.00
2.20
0.01
2.10
6.29
28.61
20.39
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
4.59
0.00
10.29
0.00
71.89
59.69
5.65
11.69
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.04
12.62
0.00
18.19
0.00
164.95
164.03
13.58
20.67
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.31
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.03
4.24
0.03
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.47
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.00
11.33
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.26
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTHYLAZINE
DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE-2
HYDROXY
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
0.00
0.47
0.00
0.01
5.78
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.34
0.00
0.00
2.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.59
0.02
1.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.00
0.18
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
PFBA
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
PFNA
PFDA
PFUdA
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
0.27
0.01
0.01
6.19
0.01
0.00
3.19
0.03
0.01 12.73
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.37
0.12
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.04
55.91
1.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.72
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.06
0.19
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PFHxDA
PFODA
Perfluorosulfonates
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
L-PFHpS
L-PFOS
i.p-PFNS
L-PFDS
PFOSA
UV-filters
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.4'-Dihidroxybenzophenone
(4DHB)
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0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.07
0.02
Other UV-filters
4-Methylbenzylidene camphor
(4MBC)
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
Ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (ODPABA)
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate
(EHMC)
Octocrylene (OC)
Illicit drugs
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
0.00
0.00
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0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
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0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Heroin
Morphine
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Table 60. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish. Daphnia and algae for the different chemical compounds and campaigns in the Jucar River
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PHARMACEUTICALS
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE (PNEC)
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
AMOXICILIN
0.00
0.00
0.00
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
Daphnia HQ algae HQ fish Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
HQ algae fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
HQ
HQ
Daphnia HQ algae fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
Antihypertensive
Mean concentration
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia HQ algae HQ fish Daphnia HQ algae fish Daphnia HQ algae fish
Daphnia algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
41.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25.00
246.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.91
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.28
0.00
0.00
#VAL
OR!
#VALO
#VAL
#VAL
R!
#VALOR! OR! #VALOR! OR!
0.94
2.68
0.00
18.26
0.00 0.00
231.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
57.83
0.00
3.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
56.03
660.52
5.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
28.75
99.79
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
151.97
269.57
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
antagonists
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
2011
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BENZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
OLANZAPINE
HQ
HQ
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
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0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
EDCs
HQ
HQ
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
0.01
2011
HQ
HQ
0.02
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Nonylphenol (NP)
0.19
0.41
0.64
1.36
0.06
0.13
0.50
1.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.03
0.19
0.02
Nonylphenol monocarboxylate
(NP1EC)
Octylphenol (OP)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
Triclosan
0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.73
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0.01
0.91
0.10
13.60
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
conjugates
Estradiol (E2)
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
Retardants
Others
Caffeine
0.00
0.00
0.60
0.00
0.00
1.29
0.01
0.01
1.74
0.04
0.04
10.27
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.04
0.01
0.03
Plastizicers
Bisphenol A (BPA)
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOLACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
Neonicotinoid
0.20
0.04
HQ
HQ
0.06
0.02
0.12
11.89
0.78
0.06
0.22
0.02
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
0.46
15.20
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.11
0.02
0.01
0.30
0.20
0.53
0.37
0.25
0.66
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.03
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.02
0.18
0.26
0.01
0.07
0.00
0.15
2.72
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.03
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.34
0.53
0.23
0.01
0.02
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
PARATHION-ETHYL
Mean concentration
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.06
12.55
0.00
30.89
0.00
0.01
251.88
163.09
8.05
35.10
0.00
52.91
0.05
0.03
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.10
31.71
0.00
43.85
0.00
0.05
427.38
412.17
12.42
49.82
0.02
433.58
0.08
0.09
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.12
3.06
0.00
0.70
18.03
0.00
0.01
5.26
0.03
0.03
16.77
0.08
0.00
3.29
0.00
6.57
42.80
0.72
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.01
6.68
0.00
31.26
86.84
2.00
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
49.77
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
94.69
0.00
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ algae fish
0.01
0.00
0.01
0.05
0.00
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.04
0.06
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.46
0.00
0.00
3.36
0.05
Mean concentration
0.00
2011
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.29
0.00
0.01
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.01
HQ
algae
0.01
0.12
0.00
0.00
0.15
0.00
0.00
1.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.37
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.37
0.10
0.00
0.00
1.94
0.03
0.02
12.96
TERBUTRYN
Triazole
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
PFBA
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
PFNA
PFDA
PFUdA
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
PFHxDA
PFODA
HQ
HQ
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.45
0.00
0.00
3.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Perfluorosulfonates
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
L-PFHpS
L-PFOS
i.p-PFNS
L-PFDS
PFOSA
UV-filters
0.00
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
0.01
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.00
Other UV-filters
HQ
algae
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WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
0.00
HQ
HQ
0.00
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ algae fish
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
Octocrylene (OC)
Illicit drugs
Amphetaminics
(±)-Amphetamine
(±)-MDMA
1S.2R (+)-Ephedrine
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
(-)-Δ9-THC
Cannabidiol
Cannabinol
Cocainics
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
HQ
algae
WP4: QUALITY
2010
Mean concentration
Benzoylecgonine
Cocaehtylene
Cocaine
LSD derivatives
2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD
LSD
Opioids
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin
Morphine
Mean concentration
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.04
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.13
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Table 61. Hazard quotients (hq) for fish. Daphnia and algae for the different chemical compounds and campaigns in the Guadalquivir
River
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PHARMACEUTICALS
ACETAMINOPHEN
CODEINE
DICLOFENAC
HYDROCODONE
IBUPROFEN
INDOMETHACINE
KETOPROFEN
MELOXICAM
NAPROXEN
OXYCODONE (PNEC)
PHENAZONE
PIROXICAM
PROPYPHENAZONE
TENOXICAM
Antibiotics
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
2011
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
AMOXICILIN
AZITHROMYCIN
CEFALEXIN
CIPROFLOXACIN
CLARITHROMYCIN
ERITHROMYCIN
METRONIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE-OH
OFLOXACIN
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
TETRACYCLINE
TRIMETHOPRIM
Anticoagulant
ACRIDONE
WARFARIN
Anti-diabetic
GLIBENCLAMIDE
METFORMIN
Antihistaminics
SALBUTAMOL
2010
Mean concentration
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae
0.00
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.00
0.04 0.00
0.00
0.01 0.00
0.00
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
136.93
15.94
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.64
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
48.98
0.00
0.00
6.28
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.08
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
135.66
0.00
0.00
0.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
159.59
0.00
0.00
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
441.26
83.04
5.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
58.95
129.68
4.11
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
116.54
239.13
8.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Antihypertensive
AMLODIPINE
DILTIAZEM
IRBESARTAN
LOSARTAN
TORASEMIDE
VALSARTAN
Antiplatelet agent
CLOPIDOGREL
ATENOLOL
ENALAPRIL
ENALAPRILAT
FUROSEMIDE
METOPROLOL
NADOLOL
PROPANOLOL
SOTALOL
Diuretic
HIDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
0.00
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
antagonists
CIMETIDINE
DESLORATIDINE
FAMOTIDINE
FLUOXETINE
LORATIDINE
RANITIDINE
Lipid regulators
ATORVASTATIN
BENZAFIBRATE
FLUVASTATIN
GEMFIBROZIL
PRAVASTATIN
Psychiatric drugs
ALPRAZOLAM
CARBAMAZEPINE
CITALOPRAM
DIAZEPAM
LORAZEPAM
NORFLUOXETINE
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.07
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.19
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
OLANZAPINE
PAROXETINE
SERTRALINE
TRAZODONE
VENLAFAXINE
TAMSULOSIN
ALBENDAZOL
AZAPEROL
AZAPERONE
CARAZOLOL
DEXAMETHASONE
DIMETRIDAZOLE
LEVAMISOL
RONIDAZOLE
THIABENDAZOLE
XYLAZINE
IOPROMIDE
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
0.00
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.01
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
2011
HQ
algae
0.00
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
2010
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
EDCs
Nonylphenol (NP)
0.20
0.44
0.59
1.27
0.26
0.55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.97
2.09
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.03
0.34
Nonylphenolmonocarboxylate(NP1EC
Nonylphenol monoethoxylate(NP1EO)
0.00
0.01
Octylphenol (OP)
Octylphenolmonocarboxylate(OP1EC)
Anticorrosives
Tolytriazol (TT)
Antiseptics
Benzylparaben
Ethylparaben
Methylparaben
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
Propylparaben
Bactericides
Triclorocaraban
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0.01
0.17
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
Triclosan
2010
Mean concentration
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae fish
0.00
0.00
0.25 0.01
0.00
3.15
HQ
Daphnia
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
conjugates
Estradiol (E2)
Estriol (E3)
Estrone (E1)
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
2.71
0.03
0.03
9.64
Retardants
Tris(cloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCCP)
Others
Caffeine
0.00
0.00
0.80
0.01
0.01
4.20
Plastizicers
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WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
Bisphenol A (BPA)
PESTICIDES
Anilide
PROPANIL
Azol
IMAZALIL
PROCHLORAZ
Bencimidazole
CARBENDAZIM
THIABENDAZOLE
Carbamates
3-HYDROXYCARBOFURAN
CARBOFURAN
METHIOCARB
Chloroacetanilide
ACETHOCHLOR
ALACHLOR
METOLACHLOR
PYRIPROXYPHEN
2010
Mean concentration
2011
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
HQ
fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae fish
Daphnia algae
0.01
0.00
0.01 0.04
0.01
0.03 0.02
0.01
0.02 0.14
0.04
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.03
2.39
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.02
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Neonicotinoid
IMIDACLOPRID
Organophosphorus
AZINPHOS ETHYL
AZINPHOS METHYL
CHLORFENVINPHOS
CHLORPYRIPHOS
DIAZINON
DICLOFENTHION
DIMETHOATE
ETHION
FENITROTHION
FENOXON
FENOXON SULFONE
FENOXON SULFOXIDE
FENTHION
FENTHION SULFONE
FENTHION SULFOXIDE
MALATHION
OMETHOATE
0.20
0.00
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
2.62
13.19
0.00
0.00
HQ
fish
1.93
0.05
HQ
Daphnia
25.06
175.45
HQ
algae
0.01
0.03
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.65
0.00
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.68
47.40
2.76
0.00 0.00
0.01 12.25
0.00 0.00
10.00
159.30
8.80
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.00
2.44
0.00
13.57
0.00
0.02
0.00
0.51
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
HQ
fish
0.00
0.00
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
PARATHION-ETHYL
PARATHION-METHYL
TOLCLOPHOS-METHYL
Other pesticides
BUPROFEZIN
HEXYTHIAZOX
Thiocarbamates
MOLINATE
Triazines
ATRAZINE
DEISOPROPYLATRAZINE
DESETHYLATRAZINE
PROPAZINE
SIMAZINE
TERBUMETON
TERBUMETON-DEETHYL
TERBUTHYLAZINE
TERBUTRYN
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.00
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.17
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.59
0.06
0.00
0.21
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.00
0.05
37.66
1.44
0.04
2.10
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
Triazole
TEBUCONAZOLE
Ureas
DIURON
ISOPROTURON
PFBA
PFPeA
PFHxA
PFHpA
PFOA
i.p-PFNA
PFNA
PFDA
PFUdA
PFDoA
PFTrDA
PFTeDA
PFHxDA
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
2011
HQ
algae
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
HQ
algae
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.00
10.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
WP4: QUALITY
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
PFODA
Perfluorosulfonates
L-PFBS
L-PFHxS
0.00
2010
HQ
HQ
Daphnia algae
0.00
0.00
HQ
fish
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
HQ
algae
0.00
Mean concentration
HQ
fish
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
Tel. 34 963543092 - Fax. 34 963544954
0.00
2011
HQ
algae
0.00
HQ
fish
0.00
HQ
Daphnia
0.00
HQ
algae
0.00

wp4: quality

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