Diapositiva 1

Production of industrial feedstocks:
Economic, regulatory
and metrologic aspects
Carlos Sainz Fernández
Professor University of Cantabria
LARUC, RADON GROUP UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA
SPAIN
Where we are ........ …
RADON GROUP
Facultad de Medicina
Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n
39011 Santander
Cantabria (SPAIN)
e-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +34 942 20 22 07
WHO WE ARE ………...
.- FOUNDED IN 1976 AROUND
NATURAL RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
.- 1976-1982: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
.- 1982-1985: ALTAMIRA CAVE
.-1985-1989: INHALATION TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH
INSTITUTE, USA
.-1989-TODAY: RADON STUDIES IN SPAIN
RADIATION PROTECTION IN STEEL FACTORIES
OTHERS
Laboratory validated by Public Health Agency (PHA,
UK) for indoor radon measurements
Laboratory Quality System certified by AENOR (ISO
9001)
GRUPO RADON
Major research lines
• Radiological protection on industries
• Measurement of indoor radón (homes and
workplaces)
• Radiological characterization of materials
• Radioactivity measurements in soils and
water
• Use of radon as a tracer
• Biological effects of ionizing radiation
GRUPO RADON
RELEVANT EQUIPMENT
EQUIPO DE ESPECTROMETRIA
GAMMA
Principales Aplicaciones
Caracterizacion radiologica de
substancias solidas y liquidos
Identificacion de radionucleidos en
muestras tanto solidas como liquidas
CONTADOR ALFA BETA
Principales Aplicaciones
Medida de la radiactividad de
aguas de consumo domestico
Analisis de la presencia de
elementos radiactivos en muestras
solidas y liquidas
GRUPO RADON
RELEVANT EQUIPMENT
EQUIPO RADOSYS-RADON
Principales Aplicaciones
Medida de la concentracion de
radon empleando detectores de
trazas CR39.
MONITORES DE RADIACION
Principales Aplicaciones
Evaluacion de tasas de exposicion
en situacion normales y de
emergencia
GRUPO RADON
RELEVANT EQUIPMENT
EQUIPOS DE MEDIDA DE LA
CONCENTRACION DE RADON “IN
SITU”
Principales Aplicaciones
Monitorizacion en continuo de
niveles de radon en el interior del
suelo y recintos cerrados.
UNIDAD MOVIL
Principales Aplicaciones
Situaciones de emergencia
radiologica
GRUPO RADON
RELEVANT EQUIPMENT
EQUIPO DE FLUORESCENCIA DE
RAYOS X
Principales Aplicaciones
Caracterizacion de metales “in situ”
IRRADIADOR DE RAYOS X
Principales Aplicaciones
Exposicion de materiales a
distintos niveles de radiacion
Investigaciones clinicas del
comportamiento de celulas a distintas
dosis de radiacion.
WHAT WE CAN MEASURE …
+ Alphaguard, RAD 7, Atmos 12, RM 2…
RADON CHAMBER
Wide range of radon exposures
Low leakage ( < 0,01 h-1)
Continuous/integrated system calibration
Traceable to international standards
Active
Projects
2012 - 2014
MICIN
Berkeley
Salamanca
Grupo Radón UC
Potential
Projects
2014 - 2016
Grupo Radón UC
RESOURCES OF RADON GROUP
STEEL FACTORIES-ORPHAN SOURCES (40%)
RESTORATION OF URANIUM MINING: DESIGN OF
LAYERS FOR RADON AND RADIOLOGICAL CONTROL
(20%)
CONTROL OF URBAN WASTE (10%)
RADON- SPANISH NUCLER SAFETY COUNCIL (10%)
OTHERS (20%)
.
ANNUAL BUDGET :200.000 EUROS
QUALITY
INSURANCE
(ENAC, HPA, etc…)
… one step further about quality
International Intercomparison exercise
under field conditions
42 LABORATORIES
17 COUNTRIES
LABORATORIO
DE
RADIACTIVIDAD
NATURAL
(LRN)
Uranium mine
Saelices el Chico
Salamanca, Spain
Rn
in soil
External gamma
exposure
Rn in air (indoors, outdoors)
Rn in water
Radon exhalation
(soil, building materials)
REGULATORY
ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
METROLOGICAL EXPERIENCE
RELATED WITH NORM
GRANITES
STEEL
FACTORIES
GRANITES
GRANITES
It can be a significant indoor radón source
Diffussive transport
Low permeability
Ejemplo granito
High 226Ra content
Highly variable radón exhalation (cracks, etc…)
Pressure
Humidity
GRANITES
More than 200
types of granite
characterized
Condiciones
S = 0,0650 m2
V = 0,012 m3
λ = 0,03 h-1
Granito
Ra (Bq Kg-1)
Ceq (Bq m-3)
E (Bq m-2 h-1)
ROSAVEL
150-187
900 ± 80
5,0±0.7
BLANCO CRISTAL
260
600 ± 70
3,3±0.5
GRIS MONDARIZ
211
3500 ± 300
19,4±2.0
MADURA GOLD
243
1100 ± 90
6,1± 0.7
NEGRO TEZAL
61
1800 ± 150
10,0± 1.0
ROSA PORRIÑO Y
133
3000 ± 250
16,6±1.5
ROSA PORRIÑO X
158
1900 ± 150
10,5±1.0
PEDRAS SALGADAS
145
1000 ± 90
5,5±0.6
KASHMIR WHITE
419
500 ± 100
2,8±0.8
GRIS PERLA
132
1200 ± 90
6,6±0.5
BLANCO PERLA
135
---
---
ALBERO
105
6000 ± 500
33,2±3.5
ARUBA GOLD
43
500 ± 100
2,8±0.8
CREMA JULIA
167
1200 ± 90
6,6±0.5
GIALLO VENECIANO
31
500 ± 100
2,8±0.8
GRIS ALBA
199
600 ± 90
3,3±1.0
GRIS MORRAZO
117
500 ± 100
2,8±
MULTICOLOR SALMON
257
2700 ± 300
15,0±1.6
SILVESTRE MORENO I
133
21000 ± 1100
116,3±10.4
SILVESTRE MORENO II
121
3000± 250
16,6±1.5
Influence of “grain size”
Porosity
Emanation factor…
GRANITES - example
Granite with:
226-Ra: 298 Bq/kg
232-Th: 390 Bq/kg
40-K: 2525 Bq/kg
Radon exhalation:
10 Bq/(m2 h)
I = 3,57 mSv/y
GRANITES - example
Standard room for
gamma index
(4 x 5 x 2,8) m3
E·S
C C0 
V·(λ  λ v )
Radon equilibrium
concentration
Old house (λv = 1 h-1) ; C = 30 Bq/m3
New house (λv = 0,1 h-1) ; C = 200 Bq/m3
Countertops
Problems to be placed in the
international market (I index)
NO radon problems
Radon contribution to gamma index?
Small gamma
Highly variable
(porosity, emanation
factor, etc…)
Difficult to standarize
ANOTHER INDEX?
STEEL
FACTORIES
STEEL FACTORIES
Th-232 Cs-137
Co-60 Am-241
Sr-90 Ra-226
Ra-226
Th-232 K-40
U-238
OVEN
STEEL
Co-60
SLAGS
Ra-226
Sr-90
Am-241
POWDER
Cs-137
CRITERIOS DE EXENCIÓN
STEEL FACTORIES – detection/prevention
Juan A. González
U. Politécnica de Madrid
E.T.S.I. Caminos C y P.
Lab. Ing. Nuclear
Verification
•HIGH SENSITIVITY 0.001 Sv/h (0.1 Sv/h)
•VARIABLE BACKGROUND(cps)
•ALARM(0.3 Sv/h)
•SCRAP METAL
•RAW MATERIALS
•PRODUCTS (SLAGS, POWDER)
•RESPONSE STUDY (cps vs DOSE RATE)
STEEL FACTORIES – identification
GAMMA SPECTROMETRY
•RESOLUTION(INa (Tl))
•ENERGY CALIBRATION
•EFFICIENCY CALIBRATION
•ACTIVITY CONCNTRATION
•DETECTION LIMITS
EVALUATE ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OF:
•STEEL (Co-60)
•POWDER
•SLAGS
• RAW MATERIALS
CONTINUOUS
ASSISTANCE
ASSISTANCE
/
TRAINING
Visualización del espectro
Tipo de medida
Datos de la muestra
Medida inicial
Tiempo transcurrido Información sobre el proceso
Parada inmediata sin analizar
Análisis espectrométrico
RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT
2 x I Na
Detectors
137Cs in powder
Continuous
background
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
www.elradon.com