Universal Multiphone charger

Transcription

Universal Multiphone
charger
Charging your cell phones with novelty
Almost every electronic device needs to be recharged. This
charger serves the purpose. Not only charging your 5
batteries simultaneously but also charging your motorcycle
battery
5/21/2012
Group memebers
Usama mehboob
143
Muhammaad hamad akram
76
Majid mushtaq
55
Yasir qureshi
151
Class ………………………………….BEE-2B
Submitted to:
MR saleem iftikhar
2
ABSTRACT
“Universal pin charger” as the name suggest is used to charge more than one
device at a time. it is capable of charging not only single type but also
multipurpose devices. The project was designed for the ease of human life to
meet the ever increasing demands of luxurious lifestyles of humans. There are
always more than one electronic device in each home and charging them is seems
to be a big problem for every individual. These chargers not only make your life
easier and comfortable but also ensure the safety of device. Circuit is fabricated in
compact form and providing the alternative path for various devices. No other
charger in the market is designed in this way. All the chargers being designed in
the market are capable of charging only one device at a time or at most two
devices.but this universal multiphone charger is capable of charging five devices
at a time.we are quite sure that this charger is going to change the lifestyle of
every human being who will make it as a part of his life. This charger is going to
define a new road map in the era of rechargeable electronic devices.
3
Table of Contents
1.
introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6
2.
Background research ............................................................................................................................ 7
2.1 MOTIVATIONS .................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Research and Development ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 regulation ........................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 preserving the current of battery .................................................................................................... 9
3
4
5
6
7
componenet analysis .......................................................................................................................... 10
3.1
transformer ................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2
Diodes as a rectifier .................................................................................................................... 10
3.3
Filter ............................................................................................................................................ 11
3.4
Regulator circuit .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.5
Heat sink ..................................................................................................................................... 12
cost analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 14
4.1
Transformer ................................................................................................................................ 14
4.2
Rectifier circuit ............................................................................................................................ 14
4.3
Filter circuit ................................................................................................................................. 14
4.4
Heat sink ..................................................................................................................................... 14
4.5
Regulator IC (7805) ..................................................................................................................... 15
4.6
Additional costs........................................................................................................................... 15
4.7
Total cost ..................................................................................................................................... 15
circuit simulations on PSpice .............................................................................................................. 16
5.1
Rectifier circuit simulation .......................................................................................................... 16
5.2
Filter circuit working ................................................................................................................... 17
5.3
Regulator circuit working ............................................................................................................ 18
implementation problem and their solutions..................................................................................... 19
6.1
Swollen of capacitor.................................................................................................................... 19
6.2
Heating up of IC(7805) ................................................................................................................ 19
6.3
Backward flow of current............................................................................................................ 19
6.4
PCB fabrication problems ........................................................................................................... 20
limitations & improvements ............................................................................................................... 22
4
8
7.1
Max number of batteries ............................................................................................................ 22
7.2
Supporting devices ..................................................................................................................... 22
7.3
Motorcycle battery charger ........................................................................................................ 22
7.4
Size .............................................................................................................................................. 23
conclusions .......................................................................................................................................... 24
TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1 transformer(component) .............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 2 bridge rectifier circuit.................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 3
filter capacitor ........................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 4 regulator IC 7805........................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 5 Heat sink....................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 6 rectifier circuit designed to convert AC to DC............................................................................... 16
Figure 7 simulation results for rectifier circuit............................................................................................ 16
Figure 8 filter circuit simulated ................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 9
regulator IC circuit with different batteries in paralle ....................................................... 18
5
1. INTRODUCTION
Universal multiphone charger as the name suggests is operated under 230 V
rms.in case of load shedding which is legitimate problem in Pakistan it can also be
operated under 12 volt battery.
 This charger is capable of charging 5 phones at a time , whether it is being
operated in 230V AC or 12V Dc power supply from a battery. It delivers its
output in 5 different PINS.
 Each pin is able to charge one mobile at a time. it does not matter of which
company your mobile is whether is a cheap mobile of nokia or a smart
phone android(capable of being charged from a usb port).all mobile can be
inserted simultaneously
 this charger also includes of charging a 6 volts motorcycle battery.2
crocodile clippers are provided at its outputs which are two be connected
to positive and negative terminals of a battery to be charged.
 this charger has an upper hand on other chargers available at market in this
regard that it ensures the safety of human life where other charger fails. An
extra fuse is added in series in the circuit which does not allow the current
to exceeds the required safe amount.in short this multiphone charger can
surely be regarded as the jack of all trades.
6
2. BACKGROUND RESEARCH
2.1 MOTIVATIONS
Motivation for this project came because we care for your needs. A bundle of
chargers are available in the market. But all has a common problem where they
fail to be called as a universal charger. The name only cannot ensure the
functionality of the device especially when your product is capable of charging
only one device at a time. As actions speak more than words so keeping these
words in mind we hit upon an idea that there must be charger that surely would
be called as a universal charger.
Motivation for this project came to bridge this gap of universal chargers in some
way. So atlas we came up with our glorious product in the market as
multipurpose phone charger. This charger not only charges your cell phones but
also 6 volt your motorcycle battery. So we used the basic concept to charge a
single phone but we tapped it and expanded it in very intelligent and ingenious
way to introduce our product in the market.
2.2 Research and Development
Research was done only to expand the concept of charging a single mobile at a
time to make it able to be applied on multiple mobiles simultaneously. So we took
the simple concept of charging the batteries & what we found was mere to
regulate the voltage after converting it into DC,but one extra thing we added to
preserve the battery charging is to stop the current of battery from flowing in
backward direction
7
2.2.1 regulation
So in order to increase the current we had to make a trade off of giving of various
resistances for regulation of voltage. So in order to compensate this we used a
regulator IC 7805 so that it would regulate the voltage to required level without
alternating the current in circuit.
input from 230V AC
transformer(230V/10V)
Rectifier(AC to DC)
Filter(high capacitance)
Regulator
8
2.2.2 preserving the current of battery
In order to stop the backward flow of current from the battery we adopted a new
scheme that we employed diode before each battery although we had to give
the sacrifice of 0.7 volts to diode yet it did good job in preventing the backward
flow from the battery. So this is how we came up with our circuit
In last we just added 5 pins including USB female port in parallel across the 5 volts
from the regulator IC.
Diode
+
Battery to
be charged
---
As indicated a diode is placed in series with the each battery so when battery is
being charged current is flowing in the battery so diode is forward biased so no
hindrance for the current toward the battery but as soon as the external supply is
disconnected ,if the battery current tends to flow in backward direction diode will
become reverse biased so battery current is preserved. This is how we made a
tradeoff between 0.7 voltage drop and battery current storage.
9
3
COMPONENET ANALYSIS
Our circuit consisted of following components:





Transformer
Capacitor 4700uF
7805 regulator IC
Heat sink
Diodes as a rectifier
3.1 transformer
A transformer is employed to convert from 230V rms to 10V rms with 2 A
current. As transformer is step-down so current at the output may increase. this
current serves the basic of our charger to make it available to different batteries.
Figure 1 transformer(component)
Before transformer we employed a fuse for the safety of transformer so that
current may not increase above the required limit
3.2 Diodes as a rectifier
Four diodes are employed to make a bridge rectifier. This is a full wave rectifier
having peak inverse voltage
10
Peak inverse voltage=Vs- Vd
So this less peak inverse voltage enables the diode to withstand the high inverse
voltage to prevent from going into breakdown region
Figure 2 bridge rectifier circuit
3.3 Filter
filter circuit is used to remove the ripple coming from rectifier. It consist of large
capacitor (to have greater time constant) and first capacitor is charged as long as
voltage is increasing and as soon as voltage drops it start discharging slowly &
steadily and tries its best to maintain the voltage.
Figure 3
11
filter capacitor
In this way we get a DC supply with small ripple so that we may be able to use it
as input to the regulator circuit.
3.4 Regulator circuit
+10V DC supply obtained from filter circuit is employed and fed to a 7850
regulator IC.
Figure 4 regulator IC 7805
Regulator IC output is taken between terminal 2 & 3.terminal 2 serves as a ground
and terminal 3 serves as an output. And give 5 volts regulated supply which is fed
to the batteries. Batteries draw current and charges..
3.5 Heat sink
Heat sink is thick aluminum sheet that is employed along with regulator IC.this
thick sheet is used to prevent the IC from being overheated. As aluminum has
very low heat of coefficient so it does not overheat .and absorbs the all the mess
and keep the IC cool to make it able to function fully and steadily.
12
Figure 5 Heat sink
13
4
COST ANALYSIS
In this sections cost analysis of different component is being discussed.that how
much each electronic component costs.moreover fabrication details are also
given:
4.1 Transformer
Transformers we purchased was of 100 rupees.transformer didn’t cost too much
as rating is low.we required low rating transformer as battery does not draw
more than 200mA current.so our transformer rating was 230V input and give
10V/2A current max
So
transformer cost=100 rupees
4.2 Rectifier circuit
Rectifier circuit consisted of 4 diodes connected in a way so as to form a
bridge.we bought 12 diodes.4 were destroyed because of mishandling of voltage
supply .each diode cost 5 rupees so.we also employed diodes at the end before
the output so as to prevent the backward flow of current from the batteries
Diodes cost for rectifier=40 rupees
Diode cost for backward current protection=20 rupeees
4.3 Filter circuit
Filter circuit contains a 4700uF capacitor.one is employed in circuit.we bought 2
capacitors.one was destroyed as over current was flown into &it was swallowed
Each capacitor cost 25 rupees so cost of filter circuit was
Filter cost=50 rupees
4.4 Heat sink
Heat sink serves the big purpose as it ensure the life of regulator IC.we bought 2
heat sinks,one for each IC,none of heat sink became useless as there is nothing in
heat sink to be destroyed.each heat sink cost about 15 rupees
14
Heat sink cost =30 rupees
4.5 Regulator IC (7805)
Regulator IC is the main component of our circuit.as it regulated the voltage from
10V to 5volts.there were 3 regulator IC we bought from the market.2 were
destroyed as we shorted the output terminals mistakenly and a large amount of
current 7A flew throught that destroyed the IC.each IC cost 25 rupees
Regulator IC(7805) cost=75 rupees
4.6 Additional costs
Some additional cost were done on the following components:
LEDS=3*6=18 rupees
PCB board=1*50=50 rupees
FECL3 (for etching)=20 rupees
Wires=10 rupees
4.7 Total cost
Grand total of whole package was:
Total cost=313 rupees
15
5
CIRCUIT SIMULATIONS ON PSPICE
Before implementing the circuit simulations is always done to expect about
results:so circuit that is simulated on PSPICE is:
5.1 Rectifier circuit simulation
in
V6
VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 11
FREQ = 60
D21
D23
D1N4002
D1N4002
R3
V+
1k
V-
D22
D20
D1N4002
D1N4002
V
0
0
Figure 6 rectifier circuit designed to convert AC to DC
Simulations results are obtained as:
20V
10V
0V
-10V
-20V
0s
10ms 20ms
V(IN,V6:-)
V(D23:2)
30ms
40ms
50ms
Time
60ms
Figure 7 simulation results for rectifier circuit
16
70ms
80ms
90ms 100ms
Here the green waveform is input and red is output.it is clear that it bridge
rectifier is working properly so we proceeds to next step:
5.2 Filter circuit working
Filter circuit result is given below :
20V
10V
0V
-1 0 V
-2 0 V
0s
1 0 m s 2 0 m s 3 0 m s 4 0 m s 5 0 m s 6 0 m s 7 0 m s 8 0 m s 9 0 m s1 0 0 m s
V (IN ,V
V (D
6 :-)
2 3 :2 )
T im e
Figure 8 filter circuit simulated
Herhh
Here we have introduced a capacitor across the load resistor which in our case is
batteries so as the diagram suggests, capacitor is doing the reasonable job, by
comparing figure 8 and figure 7 we come to know that large value of capacitance
(4700uF) was chosen very correct as
Time constant=RC
Greater the time constant greater will be the time required by the capacitor to
discharge that’s why we are getting the straight and steady line(RED) on the input
AC(green).in this way we are getting a smooth DC voltage without any ripple so
this encouraging results suggest us that this voltage about(9.3V) can surely be fed
to the regulator IC.so next we get just 5 VOLTS and different batteries are
connected each draws its current according to its requirement.
17
5.3 Regulator circuit working
Our next step is toward regulator IC
So instead of drawing regulator IC on PSPICE.5V dc supply is given and different
resistors in parallel indicate different batteries with different resistances so every
battery would draw its require current from the +5 volt IC.
5.000V
V10
5.000mA
R4
5
7.143A
R5
0.7
1k
17.15A
0V
Figure 9
10.00A
R6
0.5
0
regulator IC circuit with different batteries in paralle
this current would continue to flow in the battery until the battery is fully charged
then current stops flowing .As multiple batteries can be charged because there is
no limit on current because transformer is capable of giving 2 ampere current
which is more than enough for charging four or five batteries.
18
6
IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEM AND THEIR SOLUTIONS
Of course we faced a number of problems during patching our circuit.all these
difficulties are honestly discussed here:
6.1 Swollen of capacitor
Problem 1:
First problem we faced was the swollen of Capacitor.
We were using 1000 uF capacitor. It worked well when only one battery
was connected but when 3 or 4 batteries were connected at a time it
got swollen and also got extremely hot.
Solution:
We overcome the problem by installing a large
capacitor like 4700uF in our case. The new capacitor has greater time
constant in other words charging and discharging time and works well
for more than 4 batteries as well.
6.2 Heating up of IC(7805)
Problem 2:
The second problem we faced was heating up of
Regulator IC 7805. As more batteries were connected it gets more
hotter and hotter.
Solution:
The problem was overcome by using heat sink. Heat
sink solved the problem to much extent.
6.3 Backward flow of current
Problem 3:
The 3rd problem faced by us was backward flow of
current that is discharging of batteries when no input is applied. It was
observed that in the absence of any source if the charger is connected
to the battery the battery gets discharged and the backward flow of
19
current takes place. This was very serious problems as most of the
times people forget to unplug the charger and in case of downfall of
electricity the battery will start getting discharged.
Solution:
The solution to this problem we decided was to put a
diode in way of each pin such that current may flow in forward
direction but it opposes the current to flow in backward direction.
Battery. Although we had to give the sacrifice of 0.7 volts to diode yet it
did good job in preventing the backward flow from the battery. So this
is how we came up with our circuit. As indicated a diode is placed in series
with the each battery so when battery is being charged current is flowing in the
battery so diode is forward biased so no hindrance for the current toward the
battery but as soon as the external supply is disconnected if the battery current
tends to flow in backward direction diode will become reverse biased so battery
current is preserved. This is how we made a trade off between 0.7 voltage drop
and battery current storage.
6.4 PCB fabrication problems
Problem 4: The last problem we had to face was after patching our circuit on
PCB. We patched the circuit almost right way but it wasn’t working . We tested
each equipment and even replaced the equipments but still were in vain. The
problem was anonymous. We were getting the outputs at the transformer
20
secondary and getting the rectified waveform after the bridge rectifier but were
not getting the regulated output after the 7805 IC.
Solution: After 2 hours of discussion we came up to point of again simulating the
circuit at PSpice. So we simulated the circuit and by the grace of Almighty got the
solution. We were actually giving the rectified +ive output to the negative
terminal of the IC.
21
7
LIMITATIONS & IMPROVEMENTS
Of course every device being manufactured has some limitations and some
improvements has to be done in order to bring the device to the commercial
level.our device is manufactured on personal level so it has some limitations:
7.1 Max number of batteries
First limitation is that our charger is capable of charging 5 batteries at a time.but
not more than 5.because charging them needs a lot of current which exceeds
beyond the rating of our transformer
So in order to charge more number of batteries a bigger transformer has to be
employed but using a bigger transformer would increase the cost.this is the trade
off u have to take care of
7.2 Supporting devices
According to our survey all the mobile in the market uses 5 volts for their
charging.our charger supports




Nokia
Samsung
Sony ericsson
Androids
But we found some exceptions that some china mobiles uses 9 volts for their
charging.so on order to charge them we have to use an inproved regulator circuit
instead of using a single regulator IC.
7.3 Motorcycle battery charger
Charger is capable of charging the motor cycle battery which is +6V.but if u wana
charge motorcycle battery u have to disconnect other batteries as motor cycle
22
battery draw a lot of current so all the current given by transformer is utilized in
charging this.again if u want to charge other batteries or 12 volts batteries u have
to employ the bigger transformer and bigger capacitor.
7.4 Size
Size of multipurpose charger is big enough because of capacitor and
transformer.but if u want to make a smaller and portable size.this is also possible
but that would increase the cost of charger.our company is offering compact
charger according to the demands of customer.but mostly customers are happy
even in its bigger size as it become ergonomic.
23
8
CONCLUSIONS
Multipurpose charger designed ,served a lot as its design is simple &
ergonomic. Moreover its user-friendly operation and low cost make it
efficient charger available uptill in the market. More over its capability of
charging the mobile batteries with both AC and DC supplies make it
priceless. Out of all other aspects the major one is that its capability to
charge five batteries simultaneously and
also additional motorcycle
battery make it the basic need of common man. But like all other devices
it also has some limitations for china mobiles. As there is no check &
balance on china mobiles so it is very difficult to make it charger for all
china mobiles available in the market. But it does good job indeed for any
other company in the market. In order to bring it to the commercial level
some improvement has to be done. But indeed it is worth saying that this
multipurpose charger is superb and ingenious effort of electronic
engineers. After all we care.
24

Universal Multiphone charger

Transcription

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