security guard / clock watchman tool kit

Transcription

Common Industry Jobs (CIJs)
Security Guard/
Clock Watchman
Tool Kit
IMIRP program coordinated by:
Council of
Forest
Industries
Industrial
Wood & Allied
Workers of
Canada
Advanced
Ergonomics
Inc.
In cooperation with the Workers’ Compensation Board of British Columbia
1
SECURITY GUARD/CLOCK WATCHMAN TOOL KIT
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW
5
Job Summary
5
Physical Demands
5
Mental Demands
5
Major Variations
6
Minor Variations
6
PHYSICAL DEMANDS ANALYSIS
7
PDA General Instructions
7
PDA Table of Contents
8
Task List
9
Job Profile
13
Work Organisation
14
!
Task Description
14
Workstation Characteristics
16
!
Dimensions & Layout
16
!
Flooring, Displays and Seating
17
Equipment & Machinery Controls
18
Physical Demands
19
!
Whole Body Physical Demands
19
!
Body Postures
20
Manual Material Handling
23
© 1999 IMIRP Society
Security Guard/Clock Watchman TOC
2
!
Hand Tools
24
Environmental Conditions
25
!
Work Environment
25
!
Location of Workstation
25
!
Temperature
26
Personal Protective Equipment
26
Appendix A – Regional Map
27
RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION CHECKLIST
28
Job History
30
Neck
31
Shoulder
32
Elbow
34
Wrist/Hand
36
Low Back or Hip/Thigh
39
Knee
41
Ankle/Foot
42
Characteristics of Objects Being Handled
43
43
Work Organisation
44
WORK MANUAL
45
Work Manual Table of Contents
47
Injury Education
48
3
!
Body Parts at Risk
49
Injury Prevention
50
!
51
Suggested Solutions
MSI SAFETY GUIDE
52
4
Overview
Security Guard/Clock Watchman
Job
Summary
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman is responsible for the
security of the mill, including fire watch. A Security
Guard/Clock Watchman will drive and/or walk to various
check points, monitor the gate and/or road leading to the
mill, provide fire watch while Millwrights or Welders are
working, check fire extinguishers, extinguish fires as
needed, and write reports detailing any unusual
occurrences at the mill. Because a Security Guard/Clock
Watchman generally works when the rest of the
employees are not at the mill, he or she may be assigned
to other duties as required (e.g., loading/unloading kilns,
providing first aid if qualified). Refer to the Physical
Demands Analysis for more detail.
Physical
Demands
The physical demands of the Security Guard/Clock
Watchman may include:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Mental
Demands
Frequent walking
Occasional to frequent stair-climbing
Driving a truck between checkpoints
Pulling water hoses to extinguish fires
Manual handling of fire extinguishers
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman must be mentally alert
when performing rounds, to be aware of anything unusual
in the mill. Mental alertness and rapid decision-making
are also important while providing fire watch for
Millwrights and Welders.
See Disclaimer in PDA & Work Manual
Security Guard/Clock Watchman Overview
5
Major
Variations
With different mills, the following major variations may
be found:
1) “Other duties as required” vary from mill to mill,
therefore MSI risk factors vary depending on the
physical demands of the tasks involved in those duties.
Minor
Variations
With different mills, the following minor variations may
be found:
1) While performing rounds, checkpoints may be recorded
using:
a) A Morse Watchman (scanner)
b) A key-activated clock
2) Walking distance and number of stairs climbed per
shift vary depending on the physical layout of the mill.
Security Guard/Clock Watchman Overview
6
Physical Demands Analysis
PDA General Instructions: Security Guard/Clock Watchman
The purpose of this PDA is to familiarise healthcare professionals with the physical demands of
a Security Guard/Clock Watchman. This PDA can be used to gather information about an
individual’s job and to assist in developing a rehabilitation and return-to-work plan. It is not
intended for use in claims adjudication.
Where applicable, common industry job data (e.g., hand tools, tasks) have been included in the
tables of this document. The information reported was collected from a sample of Security
Guard/Clock Watchman(s) in the BC Sawmill Industry. However, the PDA requires completion
by the healthcare professional, with input from the injured worker to highlight tasks that
aggravate the injury or prevent the worker from returning to their job. The worker’s supervisor
may be contacted for further information or verification of tasks.
A PDA should be filled out for each individual worker following an injury. Subsequent changes
in the work process may reduce the accuracy of any pre-existing physical demands assessments.
The IMIRP Society accepts no responsibility for the use or misuse of this Physical Demands
Analysis, or for the accuracy of the PDA as it applies to any specific workplace.
Disclaimer
The IMIRP Society accepts no responsibility for the use or misuse of the PDA,
or the accuracy of the PDA as it applies to any specific workplace.
1999
Security Guard/Clock Watchman PDA
7
PDA Table of Contents
Task List.....................................................................................................................9
Job Profile ............................................................................................................... 13
Work Organisation.................................................................................................. 14
Task Description .................................................................................................. 14
Workstation Characteristics .................................................................................... 16
Dimensions & Layout .......................................................................................... 16
Flooring, Displays and Seating ............................................................................ 17
Equipment & Machinery Controls.......................................................................... 18
Physical Demands ................................................................................................... 19
Whole Body Physical Demands........................................................................... 19
Body Postures....................................................................................................... 20
Manual Material Handling...................................................................................... 23
Hand Tools ........................................................................................................... 24
Environmental Conditions ...................................................................................... 25
Work Environment............................................................................................... 25
Location of Workstation ...................................................................................... 25
Temperature ......................................................................................................... 26
Personal Protective Equipment ............................................................................... 26
Appendix A – Regional Map .................................................................................. 27
1999
8
Physical Demands Analysis
Task List
For each of the tasks listed below, please indicate whether it occurs at your mill.
Operate truck
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman drives from one area of the mill to another (or from mill to
mill, for multiple sites) to record a checkpoint, inspect a site, or other tasks.
Does this task occur at your mill?
!
Yes
!
No
Conduct rounds and/or key station
checks
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman walks to
different areas of the mill to check for potential
fires and other unusual activity. A tracking
device is used to record the time of each station
check.
Sub-tasks may include checking dry valves and
water barrels, inspecting compressor rooms and
kiln instrumentation, distributing and collecting
mail, recording licenses of suspicious vehicles,
evicting trespassers, turning off machinery, and
closing and locking gates.
!
1999
Yes
!
No
9
Monitor gates and road to mill
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman monitors
vehicles entering and exiting mill property. This
monitoring is usually done from a booth or shack.
!
Yes
!
No
Spark watch/Hot work permits
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman checks for
fires in areas where Millwrights or Welders have
been working, and provides water and/or fire
extinguisher for hot work permits.
!
1999
Yes
!
No
10
Extinguish fires
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman may be
required to extinguish a fire using a fire hose or
fire extinguisher.
!
Yes
!
No
Check fire extinguishers
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman regularly
checks and refills fire extinguishers (e.g., once a
month).
!
Yes
!
No
Write shift report
A Security Guard/Clock Watchman keeps a log
of any occurrences during the shift.
!
1999
Yes
!
No
11
Other duties as required:
Because a Security Guard/Clock Watchman generally works when the rest of the employees are
not at the mill, he or she may be assigned to other duties as required. These duties may include:
• Loading/unloading kilns
• Providing first aid
• Yard maintenance
• Supervising the unloading of supplies
!
1999
Yes
!
No
12
Job Profile
Date: _______________________________
Company Name: _____________________
Division: _______________________
Employee Name: _____________________
Supervisor: ______________________
Phone: _____________________________
Fax: ___________________________
Is a Return-to-Work (RTW) strategy in place?
! Yes
! No
If yes, check all that apply: ! Modified Job
! Modified Worksite
! Graduated RTW
Describe:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Length of shift
____________________ hours
Formal breaks
!
!
!
Informal breaks
Work pace control
Job rotation
! Yes
1999
! No
Two 10 minute breaks
One 30 minute lunch break
Other: ___________________________________
!
!
Yes, length of break varies
!
!
Self-paced
!
Other: ____________________________________
Yes, ______________minutes/shift
Time pressure (e.g., completing a task during the 30
minute lunch break)
Describe:
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
13
Work Organisation
Task Description
The table below contains a list of tasks performed by a Security Guard/Clock Watchman. Use
the left column to check off tasks that are present. Estimate the Percent of Shift each task is
performed and place a check mark in the appropriate column. The Comments section may be
used to include information related to duration, frequency, and cycle times. Additional tasks can
also be included under Other.
Constantly
67 to 100%
Frequently
34 to 66%
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Task
Rarely
0 to 5%
Percent of Shift
Comments
•
Operate truck
•
•
Conduct rounds and/or key station
checks
•
•
•
Monitor gates and road to mill
•
•
•
Spark watch/Hot work permits
•
1999
May be from one area of the mill to
another, or from mill to mill
Frequent stops made to record a
check point, inspect a site, etc.
Distance of walking and number of
checkpoints/key stations varies
from mill to mill
Frequency of rounds varies from
mill to mill, from “occasionally” to
“constantly”
While doing rounds, a variety of
different areas in the mill are
checked. For sub-tasks, see
previous Task List
Observations made from a booth or
shack
Performed between rounds and
other duties
Observe vehicle entering/exiting
Checking Millwright/Welding areas
for potential fire, providing water
or fire extinguisher for hot work
permits
Performed as needed
Extinguish fires
•
Pulling/handling a water hose
and/or lifting/carrying a fire
extinguisher
Check fire extinguishers
•
•
Done periodically (e.g. monthly)
May include refilling extinguishers
with powder chemical
14
Other duties as required:
Write shift report
Constantly
67 to 100%
Frequently
34 to 66%
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Task
Rarely
0 to 5%
Percent of Shift
Comments
•
•
Generally once per shift
Usually brief - 2 pages or less
Load and unload kilns
•
Performed as needed – refer to the
Kiln Operator Tool Kit
First aid
•
Provided as required, if qualified
Yard maintenance
•
Examples include weed eating in
the summer, snow removal in the
winter
Supervise unloading of supplies
•
As required
Other:
Other:
1999
15
Dimensions & Layout
Sketch workstation(s) and indicate relevant measurements, such as working heights and reaches.
1999
16
Flooring, Displays and Seating
The table below lists several components of a workstation. For Flooring and Displays there are
several options provided. Please indicate all of the options that apply to the workstation. For the
Seating section, describe and identify the features of the seat, if applicable. The Comments
section may be used to include additional information, especially any workstation characteristics
of concern.
Flooring (Check all that apply)
!
!
!
!
!
Comments
Cement
Wood
Rubber matting
Metal
Other ___________________________
Displays (Check all that apply)
! Lights on console
! Mirrors
! Video monitors
! Computer monitors
! Scrolling display
! Signal lights
! Other: ___________________________
Seating (Check all that apply)
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Armrests
Height of seat: _________________ cm
Backrest
Depth of seat: _________________ cm
Swivel seat
Width of seat: _________________ cm
Slide track
Covering type: _____________________
Lumbar support
Foot rest
Casters # _______
Indicate if adjustable:
! Height
! Armrests
! Backrest
! Forward tilt
1999
17
Equipment & Machinery Controls
The table below contains a list of the types of controls used by a Security Guard/Clock
Watchman. Use the left column to check off controls that are present at the work site. Highlight
controls that may aggravate the injury, or which the worker finds difficult to use. The Comments
section may be used to include any additional information. Additional controls can be included
under Other.
Type of Control
Function
Comments
Levers
•
Operate fire extinguishers
•
Used as needed
Finger push buttons
•
Enter data into Morse
Watchman
•
A code is entered before every round
Other:
1999
18
Physical Demands
Whole Body Physical Demands
Identify each of the physical demands required by a Security Guard/Clock Watchman and list the
corresponding tasks in the second column. Check off (✔) the estimated Percent of Shift, and use
the Comments section to include information related to duration, frequency, and cycle times.
Example:
Walking
•
Conduct rounds and/or
key station checks
✔
Constantly
67 to 100%
Frequently
34 to 66%
Tasks or Activity
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Physical Demands
Rarely
0 to 5%
Percent of Shift
Comments
•
2 hours of total walking
time per 8 hour shift (4
rounds per shift,
approximately 30 minutes
per round)
Walking
Sitting
Standing
Climbing
Balancing
Kneeling/
Crouching
Other:
1999
19
Body Postures
The table below outlines the body postures that may be adopted throughout the shift by a
Security Guard/Clock Watchman, related to tasks. Check off (✔) the estimated Percent of Shift,
and use the Comments section to include information describing posture duration, frequency,
cycle times, and hand used.
Example:
•
•
Back Flexion
•
•
Operate truck
Conduct rounds and/
or key station checks
Check fire
extinguishers
Yard maintenance
✔
Constantly
67 to 100%
Frequently
34 to 66%
Task(s)
Rarely
0 to 5%
Body Posture
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Percent of Shift
Comments
•
•
•
•
Sitting while driving
Bend to check areas under
machinery
Bend to pick up fire
extinguishers
Shovel snow
Neck
Flexion
Extension
Twisting
Shoulder
Flexion
Abduction/adduction
Extension
1999
20
Constantly
67 to 100%
Frequently
34 to 66%
Task(s)
Rarely
0 to 5%
Body Posture
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Percent of Shift
Comments
Forearm
Rotation
Wrist
Wrist Movements
Hand/Fingers
*Handling
*Fingering
*Gripping
Legend for Hand/Fingers
Handling
grasping, turning, holding, etc.
Fingering
picking, pinching, etc.
Gripping
Power
1999
Pinch
Hook
Precision
21
Constantly
67 to 100%
Frequently
34 to 66%
Task(s)
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Body Posture
Rarely
0 to 5%
Percent of Shift
Comments
Back
Flexion
Lateral Flexion
Twisting
Extension
1999
22
Manual Material Handling
The table below contains a list of general manual material handling activities performed by a
Security Guard/Clock Watchman. Indicate tasks that require one or more of these activities, and
fill in the weight of the objects, or the force required, for each action. Check off (✔) the
estimated Percent of Shift, and use the Comments section to include information related to
duration, frequency, cycle times, and characteristics of objects handled. If necessary, please
refer to Appendix A to calculate the weight of the wood being handled.
Constantly
67 to 100%
Weight
(kg)
Frequently
34 to 66%
Task Description
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Activity
Rarely
0 to 5%
Percent of Shift
Comments
Pushing
Pulling
Lifting
Lowering
Carrying
1999
23
Hand Tools
Indicate the hand tools used by a Security Guard/Clock Watchman by placing a check mark (✔)
in the far left column. Determine the weight of the hand tool and enter it in the appropriate
column. Check off (✔) the estimated Percent of Shift, and use the Comments section to include
information related to duration, frequency, cycle times, and characteristics of objects handled.
Key-activated
clock
1.5
Constantly
67 to 100%
Weight
(kg)
Frequently
34 to 66%
Task(s)
Occasionally
6 to 33%
Type of Tool
Rarely
0 to 5%
Percent of Shift
Comments
•
•
Morse
Watchman
0.1 to 0.3
•
•
Radio
Dry chemical
fire extinguisher
Shovel
Used at each key
check station
Number of stations
varies from mill to
mill
Used at each key
check station
Number of stations
varies from mill to
mill
0.2
17.5 to
21.1
•
Used as needed
1.4 to 1.7
Rake
1.4
Pitchfork
1.2
Broom
1.7
Picaroon
2.0
Other:
1999
24
Work Environment
The table below contains a list of environmental conditions that may be of concern. If any of
these factors aggravate the injury, describe in the Comments section.
Factor
Vibration (Indicate source)
!
!
!
!
Comments
Seat
Floor
Tool
Other: _________________
Noise level
Lighting level
Other:
Location of Workstation
The table below contains a list of potential work environments. Indicate with a check mark (✔)
in the left column which of the work environments apply to the specific workstation. For
example, the workstation may be inside a building with both a local fan and heater, exposed to
the outside by a doorway that is always open. In this situation, ‘Inside exposed’, ‘Heater
present’, and ‘Fan present’ would all be checked.
Work Environment
Outside uncovered
Outside covered
Inside enclosed
Inside exposed
Heater present
Fan present
1999
25
Temperature
The table below contains a list of the geographical regions of British Columbia. Indicate the
appropriate region with a check mark (✔) in the left column. Refer to the regional map in
Appendix A of the PDA.
Region
Vancouver Island
Southwestern BC
Cariboo Chilcotin Coast
High Country
Okanagan Similkameen
Kootenay Country
British Columbia Rockies
North by Northwest
Peace River Alaska Highway
Avg. Max
July/Aug
22.5 oC
22.9 oC
22.2 oC
26.3 oC
26.5 oC
26.2 oC
24.7 oC
19.5 oC
20.0 oC
Avg. Min
Dec/Jan
-0.6 oC
0.4 oC
-11.6 oC
-9.9 oC
-8.4 oC
-6.7 oC
-12.3 oC
-11.7 oC
-20.2 oC
Extreme Max.
Extreme Min.
36.1 oC
35.6 oC
36.4 oC
39.6 oC
36.0 oC
38.5 oC
37.5 oC
32.9 oC
34.6 oC
-18.8 oC
-18.3 oC
-42.5 oC
-39.7 oC
-36.3 oC
-32.0 oC
-42.2 oC
-38.1 oC
-47.7 oC
Personal Protective Equipment
The table below contains a list of the personal protective equipment (PPE). For the Security
Guard/Clock Watchman job at your mill, indicate with a check mark (✔) which of the PPE items
are required.
1999
Gloves
Type:
Hard Hat
Leather Apron
Glove Liners
Steel-toed Boots
Dust Mask
Eye Protection
Hearing Protection
Seat Belt
Face Shield/Helmet
Life Jacket
Harness
Knee Pads
Other:
Other:
26
Appendix A – Regional Map
I
H
D
A
A
B
C
D
E
1999
- Vancouver Island
- High Country
- Southwestern BC
- Cariboo Chilcotin Coast
- Okanagan Similkameen
B
G
C
E
F
G
H
I
F
- Kootenay Country
- British Columbia Rockies
- North by Northwest
- Peace River Alaska Highway
27
Risk Factor Identification Checklist
Purpose
The Risk Factor Identification Checklist for a Security Guard/Clock Watchman used to identify
potential ergonomic risk factors. Keep in mind that the purpose of this checklist is only to
identify potential ergonomic risk factors, not to assess them.
The checklist can be used as part of your ergonomic intervention process, when workers express
concerns about their work environment, during regular workplace inspections and observations,
or when conducting an accident or injury investigation. Ideally, management and worker
representatives who have completed the IMIRP Occupational Health & Safety Committee and
Supervisor Ergonomic Training Session should complete this checklist. Try to view different
workers in the same occupation when completing the checklist. Some specific examples are
given to help answer the questions.
Instructions
General
Except for the first two questions, all remaining questions will require an answer with an implied
frequency. For appropriate questions indicate with a check mark whether the answer to the
question is ‘No’ or ‘Yes’. This way you will have a record indicating that all risk factors have
been considered in the identification process.
If you indicate ‘No’, please continue to the next question. If the question refers to a situation
which does not exist (e.g., there is no seating available), please indicate ‘No’ in the appropriate
box and continue to the next question.
If your answer is ‘Yes’, please check the appropriate box and then circle the frequency (‘S’ for
‘Sometimes’ or ‘O’ for ‘Often’). If you answer ‘Yes – Sometimes’, then this risk factor may be
a potential area of concern. If you answer ‘Yes – Often’ then there is an increased likelihood
that this risk factor is an issue. Each mill will be responsible for defining what ‘Sometimes’ and
‘Often’ will mean to them. It is important that all people who complete the checklist are
consistent in how they determine if a risk factor occurs ‘Sometimes’ or ‘Often’. Use the
‘Comments’ section to indicate specific tasks, or to make other notes about the direct risk
factors.
Since ergonomic risk factors frequently occur in combinations, you may find similar questions in
different sections. Answering all questions will ensure that the situations that involve
combinations of ergonomic risk factors are identified. It is very important to recognise all risk
factors that occur in the work area.
Security Guard/Clock Watchman Checklist
28
Please note that for some of the questions it will be beneficial to ask the worker for their input.
Please take the opportunity to include the operator in the risk factor identification process as
much as possible. Videotaping the job of interest and reviewing the checklist in a quiet area with
the worker may allow for more discussion.
Summary Tables
At the end of each body part section, summarise your findings in the table provided. If any of
the direct risk factor sections contain a ‘Yes’, indicate ‘Yes’ in the appropriate section of the
summary table. Answer the questions referring to injury statistics and discomfort survey
findings. If there are only ‘No’ answers in a direct risk factor section, indicate ‘No’ in the
summary table for that section. Use the summary information to determine how you will use the
Work Manual.
29
Risk Factor Identification Checklist
Management Representative
_________________
Worker Representative
_________________
Date
_________________
Risk Identification completed:
!
Before implementation of solutions
! After implementation of solutions
Job History
1
Are there records of musculoskeletal
injuries or accidents to indicate a risk of
musculoskeletal injury? (refer to
Worksheet 1 in Implementation Guide)
2
Are there worker comments to indicate a
risk of musculoskeletal injuries? (refer to
Worksheet 2 in Implementation Guide)
No
Yes
Comments
Definitions
Force: Force is the amount of physical effort required by the person to do a task and/or maintain control
of tools and equipment. The effort depends on the type of grip, object weight and dimensions, body
posture, type of activity, surface of the object, temperature, vibration, duration of the task, and number of
repetitions.
Repetition: Repetition is defined as similar or the same motions performed repeatedly. The severity of
risk depends on the frequency of repetition, speed of the movement or action, the number of muscle
groups involved, and the required force. Repetition is influenced by machine or line pacing, incentive
programs, piecework, and deadlines.
Static Postures: Static loading (sustained exertions) is physical effort (body postures) that is held,
requiring muscle contraction for more than a short time.
Contact Stress: Contact stress is the contact of the body with a hard surface or edge. Contact stress can
also result when using a part of the body as a hammer or striking instrument.
Awkward Postures: Awkward postures occur when there is a deviation from a power working posture.
Some examples of awkward postures typically include reaching behind, twisting, working overhead, and
forward or backward bending.
Vibration: Vibration is oscillation of a tool or surface. Vibration can be transmitted through the arm or through the
whole body.
30
NECK
Repetition
Are identical or similar motions performed
over and over again?
(e.g., looking up or down frequently)
Ask the worker: Do you spend a large
percentage of the day performing one action
or task?
Static Posture
Ask the worker: Do tasks require your neck
or shoulders to be maintained in a fixed or
static posture?
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
S
O
Awkward Posture
Flexion
S
O
Extension
S
O
Lateral Bending
S
O
Rotation
S
O
Direct
Risk
Factors
Please indicate whether the following direct risk factors were
identified at the NECK.
Repetition
!Yes !No
Static Posture
Awkward Posture
In the Injury Statistics investigation, were
there injury reports for the Neck or Head/Eye
or Upper Back? (see Worksheet 1 in the
Implementation Guide)
In the Discomfort Survey investigation,
were there reports of discomfort for the Neck
or Head/Eye or Upper Back? (see Worksheet
2 in the Implementation Guide)
!Yes !No
!Yes !No
!Yes !No
!Yes !No
Body parts within the circled area will
be classified as NECK issues.
31
SHOULDER
Force
Is forceful physical handling performed? Such as:
Lifting
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
Lowering
S
O
Pushing
S
O
Pulling
S
O
Carrying
S
O
Repetition
Are identical or similar motions performed over
and over again? (e.g., hammering)
S
O
Ask the worker: Do you spend a large percentage
of the day performing one action or task?
S
O
Static Posture
Ask the worker: Do tasks require your shoulders to
be maintained in a fixed or static posture?
S
O
Ask the worker: Do you hold parts, tools, or
objects for long periods?
(e.g., holding a fire hose to extinguish a fire)
S
O
32
N
Awkward Posture
Flexion
Y
Comments:
S
O
Extension
S
O
Abduction
S
O
Adduction
S
O
Direct Risk
Factors
identified at the SHOULDER.
Force
!Yes !No
Repetition
Static Posture
Awkward Posture
there injury reports for the Shoulder or Neck
or Upper Back? (see Worksheet 1 in the
were there reports of discomfort for the
Shoulder or Neck or Upper Back? (see
Worksheet 2 in the Implementation Guide)
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!No
!No
!No
!No
!Yes !No
be classified as SHOULDER issues.
33
ELBOW
Force
Is forceful physical handling
performed? Such as:
Lifting
Lowering
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
Pushing
O
S
Pulling
O
S
Carrying
O
S
Turning materials
O
S
O
S
Are objects handled in a
power grip? (e.g., shovel)
O
pinch grip? (e.g., lumber)
S
O
hook grip?
(e.g., fire extinguishers)
Ask the worker: Do you wear gloves
while performing your job?
If the answer is No, check the No box
and go to next section.
*If the answer to the above question is
Yes, ask the worker:
Are the gloves too large/small?
Does the thickness of the gloves cause
problems with gripping?
Repetition
Are identical or similar motions
performed over and over again?
percentage of the day performing one
action or task?
S
O
*
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
34
Static Posture
Ask the worker: Do tasks require
your hand and arm to be maintained
in a fixed or static posture?
(e.g., holding a fire hose to extinguish
a fire)
Ask the worker: Do you apply
constant pressure on controls/objects
with your hand?
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
S
Ask the worker: Do you hold parts,
tools, or objects for long periods?
a fire)
Contact Stress
Ask the worker: Do any objects,
tools or parts of the workstation put
pressure on any parts of your hand or
arm, such as the backs or sides of
fingers, palm or base of the hand,
forearm, elbow? (e.g., hand tools that
dig into the palm of the hand)
Vibration
Ask the worker: Is vibration
transmitted to your hand through a
tool or piece of equipment?
O
S
O
S
O
Direct Risk
Factors
identified at the ELBOW.
Force
!Yes !No
Repetition
Static Posture
Contact Stress
Vibration
there injury reports for the Elbow or Forearm?
(see Worksheet 1 in the Implementation Guide)
In the Discomfort Survey investigation, were
there reports of discomfort for the Elbow or
Forearm? (see Worksheet 2 in the
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!No
!No
!No
!No
!No
!Yes !No
be classified as ELBOW issues.
35
WRIST/HAND
Force
performed? Such as:
Lifting
Lowering
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
Pushing
O
S
Pulling
O
S
Carrying
O
S
Turning materials
O
S
O
S
power grip? (e.g., shovel)
O
pinch grip? (e.g., lumber)
S
O
hook grip? (e.g., fire
extinguishers)
Ask the worker: Do you wear gloves
while performing your job?
If the answer is No, check the No box
and go to next section.
*If the answer to the above question is
Yes, ask the worker:
Are the gloves too large/small?
Does the thickness of the gloves cause
problems with gripping?
Repetition
action or task?
S
O
*
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
36
Static Posture
Ask the worker: Do tasks require any
part of your arm or hand to be
maintained in a fixed or static
posture?
Ask the worker: Do you apply
constant pressure on controls/objects
with your hand?
Ask the worker: Do you hold parts,
tools, or objects for long periods?
a fire)
Contact Stress
pressure on any parts of your hand or
arm, such as the backs or sides of
fingers, palm or base of the hand,
forearm? (e.g., hand tools that dig into
the palm of the hand)
Ask the worker: Do you use your
hand like a hammer for striking?
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
Awkward Posture
Flexion
S
Extension
O
S
Ulnar Deviation
O
S
Radial
Deviation
O
S
O
Vibration
Ask the worker: Is vibration
transmitted to your hand through a
tool or piece of equipment?
S
O
37
Direct Risk Factors
identified at the WRIST/HAND.
Force
!Yes !No
Repetition
Static Posture
Contact Stress
Awkward Posture
Vibration
there injury reports for the Wrist or
Hand/Finger or Forearm? (see Worksheet 1
in the Implementation Guide)
were there reports of discomfort for the Wrist
or Hand/Finger or Forearm? (see Worksheet
2 in the Implementation Guide)
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!No
!No
!No
!No
!No
!No
be classified as WRIST issues.
!Yes !No
38
LOW BACK OR HIP/THIGH
Force
performed? Such as:
Lifting
Lowering
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
Pushing
O
S
Pulling
O
S
Carrying
O
S
O
Repetition
action or task?
Static Posture
Ask the worker: Do tasks require
your trunk and upper body to be
maintained in a fixed or static
posture?
Are workers required to sit or stand in
a stationary position for long periods
of time during the shift?
Contact Stress
pressure on any parts of your
hip/thigh? (e.g., equipment that digs
into the hip or thigh while reaching
key stations in awkward places)
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
39
N
Awkward Posture
Flexion
Y
Comments:
S
O
Extension
S
O
Lateral
Bending
S
O
Twisting
S
O
Vibration
Ask the worker: Is your whole body
exposed to vibration for significant
portions of the work shift?
(e.g., standing on catwalks and
machinery)
S
O
Direct Risk
Factors
identified at the LOW BACK or HIP/THIGH.
Force
!Yes !No
Repetition
Static Posture
Contact Stress
Awkward Posture
Vibration
there injury reports for the Low Back or
Hip/Thigh? (see Worksheet 1 in the
were there reports of discomfort for the Low
Back or Hip/Thigh? (see Worksheet 2 in the
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!No
!No
!No
!No
!No
!No
be classified as LOW BACK issues.
!Yes !No
40
KNEE
Repetition
(e.g., climbing stairs, crouching)
Static Posture
Ask the worker: Do tasks require you
to maintain your knee(s) in a fixed or
static posture?
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
Are workers required to sit or stand in
a stationary position for long periods of
time during the shift?
S
O
Do workers kneel (with one or both
knees)?
S
O
Contact Stress
Ask the worker: Do any objects or
parts of the workstation put pressure on
your knee(s)?
(e.g., kneeling on a catwalk)
Awkward Posture
S
O
Extreme Flexion
S
O
Direct Risk
Factors
identified at the KNEE.
Repetition
!Yes !No
Static Posture
Contact Stress
Awkward Posture
there injury reports for the Knee or
Hip/Thigh? (see Worksheet 1 in the
were there reports of discomfort for the Knee
or Hip/Thigh? (see Worksheet 2 in the
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!No
!No
!No
!No
!Yes !No
be classified as KNEE issues.
41
ANKLE/FOOT
Repetition
(e.g., walking on uneven surfaces)
Static Posture
Are workers required to stand in a
stationary position for long periods of
time during the shift?
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
Awkward Posture
Flexion
S
Extension
O
S
O
Vibration
Ask the worker: Is your whole body
exposed to vibration for significant
portions of the work shift?
(e.g., standing on catwalks and
machinery)
S
O
Direct Risk
Factors
identified at the ANKLE/FOOT.
Repetition
!Yes !No
Static Posture
Awkward Posture
Vibration
there injury reports for the Ankle or Foot?
(see Worksheet 1 in the Implementation
Guide)
were there reports of discomfort for the
Ankle or Foot? (see Worksheet 2 in the
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!Yes
!No
!No
!No
!No
!Yes !No
be classified as ANKLE/FOOT issues.
42
CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTS BEING HANDLED
N
Are there problems handling a load
due to its size or shape?
(e.g., fire hose)
Are there problems handling a load
due to its fragile, unbalanced, or nonrigid conditions? (e.g., fire hose)
Ask the worker: Do you experience
situations where mechanical aids or
equipment are not readily available to
assist with manipulating an object?
Are handles for tools and equipment
inappropriate in terms of size or shape?
(e.g., pneumatic tools, hand tools)
Ask the worker: Do any objects that
you work with (other than tools or
equipment) have handles? If the
answer is No, check the No box and go
to the next section.
If the answer to the above question is
Yes, ask the worker: Are the handles
an inappropriate size or shape for the
characteristics of the object?
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature
Ask the worker: Are your hands or
arms exposed to cold from exhaust air,
cold liquids or solids?
Ask the worker: Are you exposed
directly to temperature extremes that
may cause you to use more force or
cause you to fatigue quicker than
normal? (e.g., hot or cold, either by
equipment or natural environment)
Lighting
Ask the worker: Do you assume
awkward postures to overcome
problems associated with glare,
inadequate lighting, or poor visibility?
(e.g., working under equipment)
S
O
S
O
S
O
43
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS [CONTINUED]
Noise
Have there been complaints on the
level of noise in the work area?
N
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
Ask the worker: Are there any
distracting or annoying noises at the
workstation?
O
WORK ORGANISATION
N
Is the work externally-paced or
controlled by a machine or the
process?
Do peak workloads or sudden
increases in pace occur with the tasks?
(e.g., extinguishing fires)
Ask the worker: Are there indications
of excessive fatigue or pain, or
symptoms of adverse health effects
due to extended work days or
overtime?
(e.g., extended weekend duties)
Ask the worker: Are there indications
of excessive fatigue or adverse health
effects due to shiftwork?
(e.g., graveyard shifts)
Ask the worker: Are rest periods or
task variety insufficient to prevent the
build-up of fatigue or the risk of
adverse health effects?
Ask the worker: Are tasks in a job
rotation program similar to one
another, and therefore not providing a
variation in movements?
Y
Comments:
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
S
O
44
Injury Education
Injury Prevention
Work
Manual
Industrial
Musculoskeletal
Injury
Reduction
Program
Security Guard/
Clock Watchman
 1999 IMIRP Society
Security Guard/Clock Watchman Work Manual
45
This Work Manual contains information about the body parts found to be at risk of
musculoskeletal injury (MSI) for the Security Guard/Clock Watchman (Injury
Education), and how to reduce the risk of MSIs using various control measures
(Injury Prevention). Each Work Manual is intended to help Occupational Health
and Safety Committee members establish effective solutions to reduce MSIs, and
as a resource for workers to understand the MSI risks that they may encounter on
the job.
The Body Manual, referenced throughout the Work Manual, is a separate
document that contains information on how to prevent common MSIs through
exercise. Please note exercises described in the Body Manual should only be used
after consulting a healthcare practitioner.
The General Risk Factor Solutions Manual, referenced throughout the Work
Manual, is a separate document that contains general, preventative information on
Environmental Conditions and Work Organisation issues.
Work Manual
Security Guard/
Clock Watchman
Disclaimer
The BC sawmill IMIRP documents were developed by Advanced Ergonomics Inc. (AEI) based on analyses
conducted in a number of voluntary, participating sawmills in British Columbia and should be considered
applicable only to the BC sawmill industry. Modification to these documents may reduce their usefulness and/or
lead to hazardous situations. Individuals or committees wishing to make Physical Demands Analyses (PDAs) sitespecific, or wishing to implement options from the Work Manuals, are advised to first complete the two-day OHSC
and Supervisors Ergonomics Training Session. Modifications to a PDA must be within the scope of competence of
those individuals making the changes and must be reported to any rehabilitation professional using the PDA.
Neither AEI nor the IMIRP Society accepts any responsibility for the use or misuse of these documents.
46
WM Table of Contents
INJURY EDUCATION ........................................................................................ 48
Body Parts at Risk ............................................................................................ 49
INJURY PREVENTION...................................................................................... 50
Suggestions for the Security Guard/Clock Watchman..................................... 51
47
Injury Education
Injuries occur when …
Loads exceed tissue tolerances
Load
Tolerance
This type of injury occurs from a single event,
where the loads or forces are so great they exceed
tissue tolerances and cause an immediate injury.
This type of injury is more common with trips and
falls.
Injury
No Injury
Example – a worker going over on their ankle
and spraining it.
Time
Excessive Force
This type of injury occurs from repeated loading
weakening tissue to the point of failure. It
progresses slowly to the point where a subfailure
load can cause an injury. This type of injury is
more common with repetitive tasks.
Load
Tolerance
Injury
No Injury
Time
Excessive Repetition
Load
Tolerance
No Injury
Injury
Time
Example – a worker pulling lumber off a chain
developing a herniated disc.
This type of injury occurs from constant loading
weakening tissue to the point of failure. This
type of injury is more common with tasks that
require workers to adopt static or awkward
postures for extended periods.
Example – a Grader developing neck tension.
Excessive Duration
48
Body Parts at Risk
The previous page on injury education explains how injuries can occur. From the
sample of Security Guard/Clock Watchman that were observed and interviewed, as
well as the available injury statistics and discomfort surveys, it was determined that
there was no significant risk of ergonomics-related injury for this job.
Although injuries have been recorded for this position, they were accidents such as
trips and falls. The following characteristics of the Security Guard/Clock
Watchman job make it an ergonomically safe job:
1. Generally no forceful exertions (e.g., heavy lifting) are involved in the regular
duties of the job.
2. Work is self-paced, and movements are not repetitive.
3. No awkward or static postures are maintained for a significant length of time.
Although sitting in the shack may be static the worker has the opportunity to
change postures when needed.
4. Frequent opportunities for stretch breaks.
5. Alternating physical demands (walking, sitting, standing).
6. Little or no exposure to contact stress.
Although there were no significant risk factors observed with the Security
Guard/Clock Watchman’s regular tasks, he/she may occasionally be assigned to
other tasks and job duties as required (e.g. Kiln Operator duties, Clean up duties.)
If these duties make up a significant portion of the shift, refer to the appropriate
Work Manual for that job to find risk factors and solutions.
General comments on injury prevention at work are presented in the next section of
this manual.
49
Injury Prevention
Injuries are prevented by …
Decreasing loads and increasing tissue tolerances
Tolerance
Load
Load
Tolerance
Time
Time
Tolerance
Load
Load
Tolerance
Time
Time
Injuries may be avoided
by decreasing the size
of the loads on the
tissue.
Example – using a
torque multiplier
wrench to loosen bolts.
Injuries may be
avoided by
increasing tissue
tolerances, and
allowing the body to
endure more loading.
Example – using
maintenance
exercises to
strengthen tissues.
50
Suggestions for the Security Guard/Clock Watchman
The previous page explains how injuries may be prevented by decreasing the load
on a tissue or by increasing the tissue tolerances. Although the job does not put
excessive loads on the body, a Security Guard/ Clock Watchman should still be
conscious of increasing and/or maintaining tissue tolerances through exercise and
stretching. The need for physical conditioning is based on the amount of walking
required as part of the regular tasks.
The Security Guard/Clock Watchman may also be required to perform a variety of
job tasks that may be assigned in addition to regular tasks. For example, a Security
Guard/Clock Watchman may be required to extinguish fires, resulting in manual
handling of fire extinguishers and/or hoses, or clean-up in and around machinery.
An improvement in physical conditioning enables an individual to perform
additional tasks with a decreased likelihood of injury to the body.
The person performing the duties of a Security Guard/Clock Watchman generally
works alone with little or no contact with others, as such, some sort of personal
monitoring system should be in place. This may be accomplished by providing
medical panic alert devices, or developing a buddy system with one of the other
workers on shift (i.e., regularly checking in with someone specific during each tour
of the facility).
Security Guards/Clock Watchman may have adverse health effects due to working
continuous graveyard/night shifts. It is important for them to get adequate sleep
during off-hours and weekends, as well as proper nourishment before and during
the shift to maintain optimal health and alertness.
The Security Guard/Clock Watchman should be given a Body Manual, which
addresses the issue of injury prevention in terms of increasing tissue tolerances
through exercise. This information is not provided in the Work Manual.
Also, please refer to the General Risk Factor Solutions Manual for solutions that
address risk factors common to many jobs in the sawmill industry.
51
SECURITY GUARD/CLOCK WATCHMAN MSI SAFETY GUIDE
From the sample of Security Guards/Clock Watchmen that were observed and interviewed, as well as the available injury statistics and
discomfort surveys, it was determined that there was no significant risk of ergonomics-related injury for this job. However, if a
Security Guard/Clock Watchman is assigned to other tasks and job duties (e.g. Kiln Operator duties, Clean up), refer to the appropriate
MSI Safety Guide for that job to find corresponding risk factors and solutions.
Although the regular duties of a Security Guard/Clock Watchman the job does not put excessive loads on the body, he or she should
still be conscious of varying work postures throughout the shift (e.g. sitting, standing, walking), and increasing and/or maintaining
tissue tolerances through exercise and stretching. The need for physical conditioning is due to the variety of job tasks that may be
assigned in addition to regular tasks. Also, a Security Guard/Clock Watchman may be required to extinguish fires, which requires
manual handling of fire extinguishers and/or hoses.
Security Guards/Clock Watchmen may have adverse health effects due to working continuous graveyard/night shifts. It is important
for them to get adequate sleep during off-hours and weekends, as well as proper nourishment before and during the shift to maintain
optimal health and alertness.
It is recommended that the Security Guard/Clock Watchman read the Body Manual, which addresses the issue of injury prevention in
terms of increasing tissue tolerances through exercise.
Security Guard/Clock Watchman Safety Guide
52

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