Bill Hufferd Retires from JHU/CPIAC US Ramjets Make a Comeback

A DoD Information Analysis Center
Sponsored by JANNAF and DTIC
Vol. 31, No. 6
News and Information for the Greater Propulsion Community
September 2005
U.S. Ramjets Make a Comeback with “Coyote” Missile
A
fter nearly forty years there is now a new ramjet-powered missile in the U.S. inventory - the GQM-163A “Coyote”
supersonic sea skimming missile target. After an intense period of ramjet development and manufacture in the 1950s
and 1960s for missile and aircraft applications, only a handful of ramjet development programs have been undertaken,
with none achieving production status. In April 2005, the GQM-163A Coyote successfully completed a five-for-five flight test
series and was approved for full rate production.
The U.S. Navy has had a published requirement for a supersonic sea skimming missile target since the late 1970s. This
requirement remained unfilled and in the year 2000 the Navy started a new program with Orbital Sciences to develop the missile
target. Aerojet was named Orbital’s propulsion subcontractor, responsible for the design and development of the ramjet engine
including its air inlet system.
The Aerojet engine, designated MARC R282, is based on the throttleable ducted rocket engine cycle, or SABRE (Solid
Airbreathing Ramjet Engine). The SABRE engine uses a fuel-rich solid propellant to provide hot gas as the ramjet fuel. A valve
is used to control the rate of fuel flow and engine thrust during flight. The Coyote tests represent the world’s first flights of this
type of high-speed airbreathing propulsion. The SABRE technology is also being developed in Europe for the Meteor air-to-air
missile to arm the Eurofighter.
Bill Hufferd Retires from JHU/CPIAC
Dr. William L. “Bill” Hufferd retired from Johns Hopkins University and his
position as CPIA(C) Director on 31 August 2005. Family, friends, employees, and
colleagues recently gathered at the Timbuktu restaurant in Hanover, Maryland, to
honor Bill and his distinguished career in the propulsion industry, particularly his ten
years as CPIA(C) Director. After a lengthy career in academia and the propulsion
industry, Bill joined Johns Hopkins University as Director of CPIA in 1995. In
1996, he led the University’s
successful proposal to the DoD for
the continued operation of CPIA,
an award that extended Hopkins’
continuous operation of CPIA
and its predecessor organizations
to 58 consecutive years. He again
provided key leadership to the
recent contract award that further
extends
Hopkins’ operation
Marie Hufferd salutes her husband of nearly 47
of the DoD’s first Information
years at his retirement fete.
Analysis Center, now known as
the Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center (CPIAC).
Bill successfully led CPIA during a decade of tremendous growth in global
information technology, significant changes in the makeup of the propulsion
industrial base, and the challenges associated with a changing DoD budget
continued on page 4
continued on page 6
Inside This Issue
Dr. Allan Bjerkaas Appointed CPIAC
Interim Director................................5
Career Opportunities at CPIAC........9
15th NDES/24th RNTS/ 37th S&MBS
Preview......................................9
53rd JPM, 2nd LPS & Inaugural SPS
Joint Meeting Preview...................10
In Memoriam
Dr. Alexander Kossiakoff................8
Dr. Thomas L. Cost.........................13
AIAA Meeting in Review................11
SBIR Spotlight on Blue Road
Research .........................................12
People in Propulsion................14-15
Recent CPIAC Publications................2
Technical/Bibliographic Inquiries.....2
Bulletin Board/Mtg.Reminders........3
JANNAF Meeting Calendar........back
CPIAC’s Technical/Bibliographic Inquiry Service
CPIAC offers a variety of services to its subscribers, including responses
to technical/bibliographic inquiries. Answers are usually provided within
three working days and take the form of telephoned, telefaxed, electronic or
written technical summaries. Customers are provided with copies of JANNAF
papers, excerpts from technical reports, bibliographies of pertinent literature,
names of recognized experts, propellant/ingredient data sheets, computer
program tapes and instructions, and/or theoretical performance calculations.
The CPIAC staff responds to nearly 800 inquiries per year from over 180
customer organizations. CPIAC invites inquiries via telephone, fax, e-mail,
or letter. For further information, please contact Tom Moore at 410-9927306, or e-mail: [email protected]. Representative recent inquiries include:
TECHNICAL INQUIRIES
•
Practical temperature range capability of composite vs. doublebase propellants (Req. 24143).
•
Aging and compatibility characteristics of lead azide (Req.
24189).
•
Sensitivity data on TMETN, particularly ESD, spark sensitivity,
and electrical properties (Req. 24149).
•
Solid rocket motor burning rate prediction methods and
correlation (Req. 24148).
•
Confirm caliber of AP round used in bullet impact testing of dualpulse, 21-inch IMAD booster motor conducted by China Lake in
early 2000's (Req. 24164).
BIBLIOGRAPHIC INQUIRIES
•
PAN-based nozzle history and applications (Req. 24179).
•
Information on use of pintle systems for crew escape and ejection
(Req. 24134).
Recent CPIAC Publications
JSC CD-39, JANNAF 40th Combustion/28th Airbreathing Propulsion/22nd
Propulsion Systems Hazards/4th Modeling and Simulation Subcommittee
Joint Meeting, June 2005.
2
The Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis
Center (CPIAC), a DoD Information Analysis
Center, is sponsored and administratively
managed by the Defense Technical Information
Center (DTIC). CPIAC is responsible for
the acquisition, compilation, analysis, and
dissemination of information and data relevant
to chemical, electric, and nuclear propulsion
technology. In addition, CPIAC provides
technical and administrative support to the
Joint Army-Navy-NASA-Air Force (JANNAF)
Interagency Propulsion Committee. The
purpose of JANNAF is to solve propulsion
problems, affect coordination of technical
programs, and promote an exchange of
technical information in the areas of missile,
space, and gun propulsion technology. A fee
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The content of the Bulletin is approved for
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Rosemary Dodds
Editor
410-992-1905, ext. 219
Fax 410-730-4969
E-mail:
[email protected]
World Wide Web:
www.cpia.jhu.edu
Technical Advisors:
Caitlin Eubank,
Michael Fisher, and Peter Zeender
The Johns Hopkins University/CPIAC
10630 Little Patuxent Parkway, Suite 202
Columbia, Maryland 21044-3204
CPIAC Interim Director: Dr. Allan Bjerkaas
CPIAC is a JANNAF- and DTIC-sponsored
DOD Information Analysis Center operated
by The Johns Hopkins University
Whiting School of Engineering
under contract W91QUZ-05-D-3003
Copyright © 2005
by The Johns Hopkins University
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
Meeting Reminders
JANNAF
15 Nondestructive
Evaluation Subcommittee
(NDES)/24th Rocket Nozzle
Technology Subcommittee
(RNTS)/37th Structures
and Mechanical Behavior
Subcommittee (S&MBS)
Meeting
th
1-3 November 2005
San Diego, CA
53rd JANNAF
Propulsion Meeting/
2nd Liquid Propulsion
Subcommittee (LPS) and
1st Spacecraft Propulsion
Subcommittee (SPS)
Meeting
5-8 December 2005
Monterey, CA
For more information on
the above two meetings, contact
Debbie Eggleston at
410-992-7300, ext. 202 or via
e-mail to [email protected].
33rd Propellant &
Explosives Development
& Characterization
Subcommittee (PEDCS) and
22nd Safety & Environmental
Protection Subcommittee
(SEPS)
Joint Meeting
6-10 March 2006
Destin, FL
For more information
on this meeting, contact
Mary Gannaway at
410-992-7304, ext. 211, or via
e-mail to [email protected].
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
The Bulletin Board
Various meetings and events of interest are listed below. We welcome
all such announcements, so that the propulsion community can be
better served with timely information. For additional industry meetings,
visit our Calendar of Meetings & Symposia at http://www.cpia.jhu.
edu/meetings/. The JANNAF Calendar appears on the back page.
8th International Hydrogen Peroxide Propulsion Conference
18-22 September 2005
W. Lafayette, IN
POC: Professor John J. Rusek at [email protected]
Launch Vehicle Systems Design
26-28 September 2005
Cocoa Beach, FL
POC: http://launchspace.com/#scheduled
Strategic Space 2005
4-6 October 2005
Omaha, NE
POC: www.stratspace.org/agenda/
Launch Vehicle Systems - Reusable (Short Course)
18-20 October 2005
Houston, TX
POC: Call Applied Technology Institute at 410-531-6034 or visit http://ATIcourses.com
International Electric Propulsion Conference
31 October - 4 November 2005
Princeton, NJ
POC: http://www.iepc2005.org
PARARI 2005
7-10 November 2005
Melbourne, Australia
POC: e-mail: [email protected]
22nd International Symposium on Ballistics
14-18 November 2005
Vancouver, Canada
POC: http://exhibits.ndia.org/
44th Aerospace Sciences Conference & Exhibit
9-12 January 2006
Reno, NV
POC: www.aiaa.org
Strategic & Tactical Missile Systems Conference
31 January - 2 February 2006
Monterey, CA
POC: www.aiaa.org
33rd International Pyrotechnics Seminar
16-21 July 2006
Fort Collins, CO
POC: www.ipsusa.org/ips33.htm or e-mail to [email protected]
32nd U.S. Department of Defense Explosives Safety Seminar
22-24 August 2006
Philadelphia, PA
POC: Mary Gannaway (CPIAC) e-mail: [email protected]
3
Bill Hufferd Retires from CPIAC....continued from page 1
environment. During Bill’s tenure,
CPIA initiated its presence on the
Internet and transitioned many products
and services to electronic form and
functionality, including four of its
heritage national propulsion technical
data reference manuals. More recently,
CPIA initiated electronic briefing and
management capabilities for JANNAF
meetings and the production of technical
meeting proceedings on CD-ROM.
Bill also lent his management skills
and personal expertise in rocket motor
grain structural mechanics to JANNAF,
several DoD Science and Technology
working groups, the Integrated High
Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology
(IHPRPT) initiative, and a number of
rocket motor failure investigations.
Many
fond
memories
and
lighthearted stories were shared during
Bill’s retirement fete on 26 August. Dr.
Marc D. Donohue, Associate Dean for
Research and Bill’s boss for the majority
of his time at Johns Hopkins, spoke
of Bill’s energy and dedication to the
job. Karen Brown, Business Manager
at CPIAC, presented Bill with a gift
from the staff and shared a poignant
poem that she wrote in his honor. Ron
Fry, Sr. Research Engineer, presented
Bill with another gift on behalf of the
CPIAC staff. Harry Hege, a Hopkins
retiree and database development
consultant for CPIAC, expressed his
pleasure at working with Bill and CPIA
Karen Brown, CPIAC Business Manager,
shares a touching poem about Bill.
4
Bill with an impressive scale model of
the Space Shuttle and a large artist’s
print of a Shuttle launch signed by many
ATK Thiokol colleagues and friends.
Tom Moore closed the formal agenda
with a rather light rendition of “The
Top 10 Things I Learned About Bill
Hufferd During His 10 Years at CPIA.”
Bill’s farewell remarks and thanks were
honored with a standing ovation.
Dr. Marc Donohue, Associate Dean for
Research, shares thoughts about Bill’s
tenure as CPIA Director.
on a number of important and exciting
information technology projects in
recent years. Other greetings and well
wishes from former colleagues who Scott Hyde (left) and Lee Davis (right)
were not able to attend were read by presented Bill with ATK Thiokol’s gift of
Tom Moore, who emceed the evening’s a large scale model of the Space Shuttle.
festivities.
On 1 September, Bill and his wife
Marie departed Maryland for a leisurely
cross-country driving trip to their
retirement home in Sedona, Arizona.
The Hufferds’ near-term retirement
schedule also includes a well-deserved
Mississippi River cruise vacation. But
after that, many who know Bill will not
be surprised that he plans to remain
active on the consulting circuit for the
Drew DeGeorge extends Bill an honorary
foreseeable future.
membership in AFRL’s “Order of the Rock.”
Bill, the CPIAC staff thank you for
ten great years and wish you a happy,
DoD dignitaries in attendance active, and enjoyable retirement!
included Drew DeGeorge, the Air Force
Program Manager for IHPRPT, and
Andy Culbertson, Associate Director
for Space Platforms in the Office of
the Director of Defense Research and
Engineering (DDR&E). DeGeorge
extended Bill an honorary membership
in the “Rocket Lab’s” Order of the
Rock, complete with a medallion and
certificate. Culbertson presented Bill
with a DoD citation for his support
of DDR&E Science and Technology
activities. Scott Hyde and Lee Davis Andy Culbertson, DDR&E, presents a
represented ATK Thiokol and presented citation to Bill for his support of DoD
Science
and
Technology
activities.
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
More Highlights from the Evening
Bill expresses parting thoughts
and well wishes for CPIAC.
Dr. Allan Bjerkaas
Appointed CPIAC Interim Director
Dr. Nicholas Jones, Dean of the Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, has
announced the 1 September 2005 appointment of Dr. Allan Bjerkaas as the Interim Director of
CPIAC. Dr. Bjerkaas will provide leadership to CPIAC during the University’s national search for
the next Director.
Dr. Bjerkaas is currently the Associate Dean for Engineering and Applied Science Programs for
Professionals in the Johns Hopkins Whiting School and, until earlier this year, served for 32 years as
a member of the technical staff of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). For over
twenty years at APL, Allan held management positions in the Remote Sensing Group, Training and
Development, the Physics, Modeling, and Applications Group, and most recently in the Research and
Dr. Allan Bjerkaas Technology Development Center. Allan will continue to lead Whiting’s Engineering Programs for
Professionals while serving as interim director of CPIAC.
Tom Moore, CPIAC’s Deputy Director, will continue to manage CPIAC’s daily operations during the period of interim
leadership and transition.
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
5
“Coyote Missile”....continued from page 1
The GQM-163A vehicle, shown in Fig. 1, is an
expendable target, capable of flying at low altitudes and
selectable supersonic speeds. The Navy’s performance
specification for the GQM-163A Coyote target calls for a
minimum speed at all times of Mach 2.0, and to maintain
level flight at less than 66 feet during the cruise phase of
flight. After the cruise phase of at least 35 nautical miles
the vehicle must drop below 15 feet to perform the end
game maneuvers in excess of a combined plane 11g’s.
Specific requirements were also identified for radar cross
section, waypoint navigation, mission equipment, flight
path accuracy, and system availability for growth.
Aerojet’s MARC R282 SABRE engine is comprised of
a gas generator, four 2-dimensional air inlets, an interstage
containing instrumentation, a throttle control valve and fuel Figure 1. GQM-163A Coyote SSST Missile Configuration.
injector, a combustor section, and a ramjet nozzle. Figure
2 provides an internal view of critical components. The engine has a basic diameter of 13.8 inches and is 134.0 inches long.
External features include clips for attaching the external raceways, and mounting brackets on the combustor for the fin actuators
and control units.
The gas generator is comprised of a steel case with
two separable steel closures. The end burning grain uses
a fuel-rich solid propellant designated ARCADENE�
428J, consisting of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
binder, ammonium perchlorate oxidizer, and fuels.
The four air inlets are based on a design previously
developed for the Navy’s Advanced Low Volume Ramjet
(ALVRJ), a 1970s-vintage liquid-fueled ramjet that
successfully flight demonstrated the integral rocket ramjet
concept. The inlet’s capture area was scaled for GQM163A from ALVRJ, and enhancements were included in
the throat region and in the diffuser to improve low angle
of attack performance. The inlets are manufactured from
steel and include bleed holes and a bleed plenum, and a
Figure 2. MARC R282 SABRE Engine.
v-shaped diverter.
Ground testing of the MARC R282 engine defined and
confirmed the ramcombustor geometry, the solid fuel formulation, the fuel valve and injector design, and verified assumed
levels of engine performance. Engine development testing was divided into (1) a heavywall phase during which both static and
direct-connect ramjet tests were conducted, and (2) a flightweight design verification phase during which engine performance is
validated and environmental testing occurs. Static testing of the gas generator was conducted to validate the propellant burning
characteristics, checkout the grain inhibitor and case insulation performance, evaluate the valve actuator and thermal insulation
performance, and to validate the ground test pressure control software. Direct-connect testing was conducted in the Aerojet
Airbreathing Test Facility to document delivered performance and engine durability at simulated flight conditions.
Qualification testing of the MARC R282 Ramjet Engine was completed in December 2003. The test units consisted of two
stand-alone gas generator assemblies and one full-up engine assembly. The full up engine assembly included mass simulators
for the fin actuators and control hardware, and raceway and fairing assemblies. The Qualification test matrix consisted of
thermal shock cycling, shock and vibration testing, and functional testing. The qualification test setups at Aerojet for Static and
Direct-Connect ramjet testing are shown in Fig. 3.
In addition to the engine test program, an inlet wind tunnel test program was conducted to validate the performance of the
inlet installed on the vehicle. Hazards testing was conducted for the relatively unexplored fuel rich gas generator, including
bullet impact, super-large card gap, and shock.
continued on page 7
6
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
“Coyote Missile”....continued from page 6
The GQM-163A flight test program was
conducted in two phases. For the first phase,
two unguided launches were conducted to
characterize (1) the boost-phase performance
and vehicle aerodynamics, and (2) the
transition to ramjet operation from boost
operation. Following the unguided launches,
five controlled/guided development flight tests
were conducted, structured to be sequentially
more complex as key Navy performance
parameters were included in the flight profiles. Figure 3. MARC R 282 Static and Direct-Connect Test Hardware.
The development flights also served to
demonstrate required operational performance and resulted in final indicator of engine performance was missile flight range,
a successful completion of the SSST development program.
which matched well with nominal predictions.
Table 1 provides a summary of the five guided flights and
With the successful development and fielding of the MARC
their outcome. All flights were conducted from the Navy’s R282 engine, a variable fuel flow capability is now available
Pacific Missile Test Range on San Nicholas Island (Point for the solid ducted rocket engine cycle. This fuel management
Mugu, CA). Figure 4 shows
Table 1. GQM-163A Flight Test Summary.
the EMD-5 vehicle passing
Flight Objectives
Result
over a mobile ship target at
EMD-1 Component performance, inertial and GPS
Full mission duration. Inlet pressure data
Mach 2.5.
guidance. 300 ft cruise with one turn.
lost partway through flight.
The GQM-163A flight
All mission points demonstrated.
EMD-2 100 ft altitude, laser altimeter in data gather
test
program
concluded
mode. Five 5g half cycle horizontal turns. 4G
successfully with its five-forvertical turns.
five successful controlled test
All mission points demonstrated. Vehicle
EMD-3 Altitude control using laser altimeter down to
flights, with the MARC R282
destruct demonstrated at end of flight.
30 ft. 10g Horizontal weave and 6g combined
maneuvers.
ramjet engine meeting 100%
EMD-4 10G weave at 15 feet altitude.
All mission points demonstrated.
of its requirements and no
Combined
maneuver
(11.2
G
RSS)
at
15
feet.
design changes were required.
EMD-5 Moving ship waypoint, 12g horizontal and 11g All mission points demonstrated. Fuel
Flight engine performance was
completely consumed and target destructed.
combined maneuvers. Stressing inlet
remarkably close to predicted
Positive inlet margins during turns.
maneuvers.
values based on ground test
results.
Inlet performance
during missile maneuvers correlated well with wind tunnel capability, added to the other attributes of the ducted rocket
data, and the delivered thrust matched the data developed for (storable solid fuel, low cost development and unit production
the 6 degree-of-freedom flight simulation. In the end, the costs, high reliability, and high delivered performance),
makes the SABRE engine very attractive for tactical missile
applications.
About the Author
Patrick W. (Pat) Hewitt has been
working at Atlantic Research
Corporation, now Aerojet, for 23 years
on advanced propulsion projects. He is
presently the Director of Airbreathing
Programs, responsible for ongoing ramjet programs
and the airbreathing product line.
Figure 4. EMD-5 Vehicle Passes Over Mobile Ship
Target at Mach 2.5
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
7
In Memoriam, Alexander Kossiakoff
Pioneer in Navy Missiles, Former Director of Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
Alexander Kossiakoff, former Director of the Johns Hopkins
Applied Physics Laboratory and the Lab’s Chief Scientist, died
of heart disease on August 6, 2005.
He was 91.
Born in 1914 in St. Petersburg,
Russia, Dr. Kossiakoff emigrated
with his family in 1923 to Seattle,
Wash. In 1936, he earned a B.S.
in chemistry from the California
Institute of Technology. Two
years later, he earned his Ph.D. in
chemistry from The Johns Hopkins
University.
In 1943, Dr. Kossiakoff was one
Dr. Alexander Kossiakoff of a number of leading academic
scientists who was called upon
by the U.S. Government to serve on the National Defense
Research Committee (NDRC) of President Roosevelt’s Office
of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD). The OSRD
was established by Executive Order No. 8807 to accelerate the
research and development of military weapons and medicine.
This action effectively marked the beginning of the modern
solid rocket industry in the United States.
Kossiakoff left his faculty position at Catholic University in
Washington, DC to assist another notable scientist of the era,
Dr. Ralph Gibson, with the establishment of Allegany Ballistics
Laboratory (ABL), near Cumberland, Maryland. ABL was
initially operated for the Government from 1943 to 1945 by
George Washington University for the purpose of conducting
classified research and development of solid propellant rockets
and ballistic devices for military applications. As ABL’s
Deputy Director of Research during this period, Kossiakoff
was tasked with adapting the idled World War II ammunition
plant for rocket research. In doing so, he laid out the initial
plans to convert existing buildings for office use and directed
the construction of ABL’s first three static firing ranges, two
powder extrusion press buildings, and a flight test range.
Following the deactivation of OSRD and the transfer of ABL
operations to an industrial contractor, Kossiakoff, Gibson and
several ABL colleagues joined the fledging Applied Physics
Laboratory in 1946. Kossiakoff lent his propulsion research
experience to the experimental Bumblebee rocket program,
which designed and perfected the Terrier, Tartar and Talos
radar-guided supersonic missiles for shipboard air defense.
After two years, he was promoted to Assistant Director of
APL and thereafter held a number of key administrative posts,
continued on page 15
8
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
15th NDES/24th RNTS/37th S&MBS to Convene in San Diego, 1-3 November
T
he
15th
Nondestructive
(2) Mr. Thomas Duerr, currently
Evaluation, 24th Rocket
a consultant to Stone Engineering
Nozzle Technology, and 37th
on propellant grain aging and
Structures & Mechanical Behavior
service life problems; and (3) Dr.
Joint Subcommittee Meeting will
Robert Kruse, consultant to ATK
be held at the Hilton San Diego
Thiokol in Huntsville following
Mission Valley from 31 October
his retirement from the U.S. Army
through 3 November 2005. The
Research,
Development,
and
current agenda includes more than
Engineering Command, Redstone
79 technical papers in 16 regular
Arsenal, Alabama.
sessions, as well as respective
An optional three-hour sunset
subcommittee panel meetings.
dinner cruise will be held on
The formal Subcommittee joint
Wednesday at 7:00 p.m. onboard
meeting will kick off on Tuesday,
Sunset on San Diego Bay
the IDC Lord Clerestry, providing
1 November with the fourth in a
spectacular views of the sights and
popular series of recurring “legacy sessions” designed to sounds of San Diego Bay.
pass on experience and lessons learned in key propulsion
The meeting invitation, preliminary program, and
technology areas from notable senior scientists to the new registration forms were e-mailed to the combined NDES,
generation of scientists and engineers. This year’s legacy RNTS, and S&MBS contact lists on 6 September 2005. If
series includes presentations from the following invited you are interested in attending the meeting and have not
speakers: (1) Dr. William Hufferd, recently retired director received the necessary information, please contact Debbie
of CPIAC, and previously the manager of the Engineering Eggleston at 410-992-7300, ext. 202, or by e-mail to
Analysis Branch at Pratt & Whitney Space Propulsion, San [email protected]. Registration fees received by 21 October at
Jose, California (formerly Chemical Systems Division); CPIAC are eligible for a discount.
Career Opportunities at CPIAC
Director Position
The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering invites applications for Director of
CPIAC. The Director will manage the daily operations of CPIAC, which include daily oversight
and direction of scientific and technical information analysis in support of the CPIAC mission,
support to the JANNAF IPC, and technical area tasks.
Demonstrated R&D experience in propulsion and managerial experience are required. Candidates with a PhD are
preferred, but individuals with ten or more years’ experience in the field will be considered. The candidate must be
a U.S. citizen and have, or be able to obtain, a DoD personal security clearance. Salary will be commensurate with
qualifications and experience. Only online applications will be accepted. Go to http://jobs.jhu.edu, click on Search
Jobs, and search on Requisition # 20974.
Research Engineer
A Research Engineer/Scientist position in Rocket Propulsion is available at two levels. An offer will be contingent upon
years of experience as well as education. Incumbents of this position will be required to perform internal and external
research in chemical rocket propulsion technology, prepare topical review reports and papers in selected propulsion
technology areas, provide authoritative and timely answers to technical and bibliographic inquiries from Government
and industry customer organizations, and provide technical support to selected working groups of the JANNAF IPC as
requested.
A B.S. in engineering or science and five or more years’ experience are required for the entry level position, and an MS
and over ten years of experience are required for the higher-level position. Candidates must possess or be able to obtain
a U.S. Government personal security clearance. Some travel required. Apply for this job online. Go to http://jobs.jhu.edu,
click on Search Jobs, and search on Requisition #19799.
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
9
53rd JPM, 2nd LPS and Inaugural SPS Joint Meeting Fast Approaching
B
e sure to mark your calendars for the largest
JANNAF event in recent memory, the upcoming 53rd
JPM/2nd LPS/1st SPS joint meeting! The meeting
will be held Monday through Thursday, December 5-8, at
the Hyatt Regency Monterey Resort and
Conference Center, located in Monterey,
California. The preliminary technical
program contains nearly 300 technical
papers to be presented in 46 technical
sessions over the course of the week.
The program chair for the meeting is Mr.
Frank C. Tse of the Naval Surface Warfare
Mr. Frank Tse, Center in Indian Head, Maryland.
JPM Chair
JPM Program
The Joint Propulsion Meeting (JPM) will host eight
technical sessions, including three sessions in Tactical
Propulsion, two in Missile Defense and Strategic Propulsion,
two in Propulsion Systems for Space Access, and two in Gun
and Gun-Launched Propellants.
The JPM program committee is pleased to announce that
Dr. Garry Lyles will be presenting the meeting’s Keynote
speech on Tuesday, December 6th. Dr. Lyles was recently
appointed to the position of Chief Engineer of NASA’s
Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD), and will
be discussing the path forward towards the national Vision
for U.S. Space Exploration.
The JPM will also be sponsoring a roundtable discussion
by prominent propulsion researchers on current university
propulsion research activities entitled “Universities and
Propulsion Research and Development – How can we do
it better?” Other highlights of the JPM program include a
plenary presentation by Dr. Allan McDonald of ATK/Thiokol
(Ret.) on “Challenger Remembered in Light of Columbia.”
Joint Subcommittee Technical Program
The Liquid Propulsion Subcommittee (LPS) will host
nineteen technical sessions during the meeting, including
three sessions in Tactical Liquid Systems, three in System
Testing and Analysis, six in Combustion Systems and
Components, four in Propellant Feed and Pressurization
Systems, two specialist sessions on the Integrated Powerhead
Demonstrator (IPD) Program, as well as a Propulsion Legacy
Session held jointly with the SPS.
The LPS will also be offering a tutorial course on Test
Measurement Uncertainty, conducted by Mr. Ron Dieck
of Ron Dieck and Associates, to be held on Sunday and
Monday, December 4th and 5th . Registration for the course
10
will be separate from the meeting, and the class will be
limited to the first thirty registrants -- so be sure to register at
the first opportunity.
The December meeting also represents the inaugural
meeting of the Spacecraft Propulsion Subcommittee (SPS).
The SPS has been chartered to provide a forum for the
discussion of and participation in technical development
for spacecraft propulsion systems, in support of the
U.S. Government and propulsion industry. JANNAF has
recognized the need to provide a controlled access forum
for the exchange of U.S. technical information on spacecraft
propulsion systems, and the community response has been
outstanding.
The scope of the SPS covers a diverse set of spacecraft
propulsion technologies, as demonstrated by the eighteen
planned technical sessions, including three in Advanced
Chemical Propulsion, three in Aerocapture, five in Electric
Propulsion, one in Nuclear Thermal and Solar Thermal, two
in Future Technologies, and two in Tether Systems.
The LPS and SPS program
committee is also pleased to
announce that Brig. Gen. (USAF
Ret.) Simon P. Worden will be
presenting the technical Keynote
speech on Wednesday, December
7th. Prior to his retirement from the
USAF, Worden was Director of
Development and Transformation,
Space and Missile Systems Center,
Brig. Gen. (USAF Ret.)
Air Force Space Command. In
Simon P. Worden
this position he developed new
directions for Air Force Space Command programs and
was instrumental in initiating a major Responsive Space
Program designed to produce space systems and launchers
capable of tailored military effects on timescales of hours.
He currently serves as a Research Professor of Astronomy at
the University of Arizona.
The preliminary program for the 53rd JPM/2nd LPS/1st SPS
joint meeting will be mailed shortly, along with conference
registration materials. For more information, please contact
CPIAC’s Debbie Eggleston at 410-992-7300, ext.202, or by
e-mail to [email protected].
As a reminder, JANNAF has recently reduced registration
fees for registered full-time and cooperative education
students to $50.
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit
T
he 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference (JPC) was held in the Tucson Convention Center in Tucson,
Arizona, from 10-13 July 2005. The conference was organized by AIAA and sponsored by Raytheon Missile Systems.
Raytheon exceeded expectations at this July conference with an abundance of food, assistance in finding session rooms,
and most importantly (in temperatures above 100º) a never-ending supply of bottled water. The theme for this year’s JPC was
“Propulsion Technology – Enabling Tomorrow’s Applications.”
More than 1000 people registered for this event, and with over 950 papers registered for presentation, approximately 30% of
those papers were foreign. Electric Propulsion had the strongest representation at the Joint Propulsion Conference, with papers in 29
sessions. In-space Propulsion contributed an additional nine sessions with Space and Earth-to-Orbit Vehicle Systems contributing
eight sessions. Liquid Propulsion Components represented 21 sessions while Hybrid Rockets held three. Airbreathing Propulsion
represented 17 sessions, with Hypersonic Propulsion contributing another six sessions. Solid Rocket Propulsion represented 24
sessions, with Energetic Components providing four sessions. Propellants and Combustion comprised 11 sessions and Ground
Testing gave six sessions. Supporting this year’s theme, Advanced Propulsion Concepts for Future Flight, Nuclear and Future
Flight Propulsion, and System Concepts and Supporting Propulsion Technologies represented two, six, and seven sessions,
respectively. Three Education sessions and one History session rounded out the regular program. Special panel discussions were
held on a range of topics including “Shuttle Return to Flight,” “Technology Futurists – What Progress Can We Expect in the
Next 50 Years?,” “Future Space Launch Needs in a Changing Business Environment,” “Current and Future States of Hypersonic
Propulsion,” and “Advances in Propulsion for Space Exploration.”
The 2005 JPC Keynote address was given Monday morning by Dr. Sally Ride, who in 1983 became America’s first woman
astronaut. Dr. Ride’s message to the JPC attendees was to mentor our youth in science and engineering, and encourage both boys
and girls to pursue their technical interests. The Awards Luncheon was on Wednesday, during which four Technical Awards, two
Sustained Service Awards, eight Best Papers, and two Graduate Student Awards were presented. Three recipients who may be
recognized by readers include Vigor Yang, who received the Air Breathing Propulsion Technical Award, Ronald Hanson, who
received the Propellants and Combustion Technical Award, and Fred Culick, honored for 40 years of sustained service to AIAA.
Burt Rutan, founder of Scaled Composites and winner of the Ansari X-Prize, was the speaker during the luncheon. Over the
catered lunch, Mr. Rutan spoke of commercial interests and their critical role in pushing back the frontiers of propulsion and
operational aerospace vehicles.
Also during the JPC, exhibits were set up
featuring organizations from a gamut of propulsion
topics, including air breathing, liquid, solid, nuclear,
electric, engines, environmental controls, ground
support, software, testing, research and development,
management, propellant tanks, thermal products, noise
and vibration, and simulation. The CPIA exhibit was
well attended this year, with staff members explaining
new products, services, and our new name (Chemical
Propulsion Information Analysis Center - CPIAC)
to the propulsion community. Following tradition,
visitors to the CPIA booth were challenged with a
series of propulsion-related questions in order to
hopefully qualify for the infamous “rocket scientist”
t-shirt. Some walked away quite happy with their new
shirts, while others grumbled that perhaps we went
well beyond our promise to make the questions at
the 2005 JPC far more difficult. Come by the CPIAC
booth next year to find out if you can answer our 2006
JPC questions!
Participants enjoyed relaxing diversions of a
Sunday evening opening reception and an offsite Pima
Air & Space Museum Tour held Tuesday evening,
both hosted by Raytheon Missile Systems. The
2006 JPC will be held 9-12 July 2006 in Sacramento,
California.
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
11
SBIR Spotlight
Blue Road Leads Research in Fiber Optic Sensor Technology
B
lue Road Research (BRR) of Gresham, Oregon, has participated in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
program since the early 1990s. Dedicated to the development and application of fiber optic sensor technology, BRR
has been awarded over 27 SBIRs with sponsorship from the Army, Navy, Air Force, Missile Defense Agency (MDA),
Department of Energy (DOE), and National Science Foundation (NSF). Specifically, Blue Road designs and manufactures
fiber optic sensors for embedded structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace platforms, military vehicles, and civil
structures. BRR also develops and commercializes fiber optic sensors for multi-axis strain measurement, both surface and
embedded, along with fiber optic sensors that can measure corrosion, humidity, temperature, strain, pressure, and moisture
in a simple, multiplexed fashion. Its patented technology allows the user to simultaneously measure a series of parameters
(such as multidimensional strain or a strain and a temperature).
In the solid rocket motor (SRM) field, Blue Road has been working for the past seven years on a series of fiber optic
sensors that are able to assess motor case damage and internal propellant strains. BRR has recently been awarded an SBIR
to develop high temperature (up to 2000°C) fiber optic sensors that can be applied to strain and temperature measurement in
thermal protection systems (TPS) and nozzles (see Figure 1).
The motor case work was conducted under an SBIR
program, sponsored by AFRL at Edwards AFB, that was
focused on performing damage assessment of solid rocket
motor cases. The program was entitled, “Fiber Grating
Sensor System to Determine Motor Case Damage.” Fiber
optic sensors were embedded in motor cases during the
manufacturing process, and strains and temperatures of the
cases were monitored throughout the curing cycle, lending
interesting insight into that aspect of the manufacturing
process. The main task of the program was to determine
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. whether the embedded sensors were able to localize
impact damage in the motor cases and report back as to
Figure 1. Embedded Fiber Sensors for IVHM.
the magnitude and location of the impact. The motor cases
were impacted to various force levels, and the embedded fiber optic system demonstrated the ability to locate damage and
assess its magnitude. Results of the impact testing compared favorably with those obtained using traditional ultrasonic and
eddy current scans (see Figure 2). The work is presently continuing under an SBIR award from the MDA as well as through
a series of commercial contracts with NASA in support of their ongoing composite pressure vessel programs.
continued on page 13
Figure 2. Comparison of NDE Scans.
Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release: distribution unlimited.
12
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
Blue Road Research....continued from page 12
The propellant strain monitoring work is in the SBIR for both strain and temperature at 1000°C being recently
Phase II stage, under an SBIR award from the U.S. Army demonstrated.
The applications for BRR technologies reach beyond
entitled, “Embedded Sensor Technology for Solid Rocket
Motor Health Monitoring.” This program is developing the field of SRM. Various other military and commercial
applications
can
employ
the
sensors to monitor changes in tactical
technology.
These
capabilities
solid rocket motor propellant. The
Have you been awarded a
fiber optic sensors are mounted Small Business Innovative Research range from monitoring the integrity
of composite pressure vessels that
between the propellant and the liner
(SBIR) contract for propulsionstore fuel for hybrid automobiles to
and monitor the strain changes within
or energetics-related
structural health monitoring of large
the propellant, in an effort to detect
development or design?
civil structures such as bridges.
strains, cracks and temperatures of the
Blue Road’s commercial product
propellant as well as propellant-case
separation. Results to date have been Let us know and we’ll share your line was recently named a winner
on test coupons using inert propellant, news with our 4500+ Bulletin of the “NASA TechBrief’s Top 50
Products of 2005,” and the underlying
with an analog motor test article
subscribers.
technology was awarded the
scheduled for construction later this
year.
Contact CPIAC Editor Rosemary Dodds “Outstanding Poster Presentation”
In addition, Blue Road Research 410-992-1905, ext. 219, or by e-mail to for the Moon to Mars session at the
National Space and Missile Materials
was recently awarded an SBIR Phase
[email protected].
Symposium in June of 2005.
I development effort, sponsored by
Click here to download guidelines
For more information about BRR,
AFRL at Wright Patterson AFB, and
for submitting an SBIR article.
visit the company’s Web site at www.
entitled, “Techniques for In-Situ
bluerr.com or contact them directly
Interrogation of Damage States in
Structural Materials.” This program is focused on investigating at (503) 667-7772. Blue Road Research is publishing the
the use of high temperature (750°C to 1500°C) fiber grating results of its work in the JANNAF forum. This information
strain and temperature sensors for monitoring SRM and may be obtained through CPIAC or by contacting BRR
jet engine applications, such as the internal components of directly. Blue Road Research will also be presenting its work
the “hot section” of a jet engine. While the work is in its at the upcoming JANNAF 2005 NDES/RNTS/S&MBS joint
early stages, the initial test results are encouraging, with the meeting in November 2005.
successful monitoring of test components simultaneously
In Memoriam, Dr. Thomas L. Cost
Dr. Thomas L. Cost, 67, of Huntsville, Alabama, died July 7, 2005. He was a 1960 graduate of the University
of Alabama, where he received a B.S. in aerospace engineering. He received his master’s degree in aeronautical
engineering in 1962 from the University of Illinois and his Ph.D. in aeronautical and mechanical engineering from
the University of Alabama in 1969.
Dr. Cost began his career in missile propulsion with the Rohm and Haas Research Laboratory at Redstone Arsenal
Dr. Thomas L. Cost in 1960. In the early years he was part of the development of the finite element method computer codes used to
analyze the solid rocket motors to thermal, pressurization and acceleration loads. As this work progressed, Tom began specializing in the
field of Service Life, contributing significantly to the analyses and mechanical properties measurements fields. When the Rohm and Haas
Laboratory was closed in 1970, Tom joined the faculty at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa where he taught undergraduate and
graduate courses in structural mechanics and eventually became Head of the Department of Aerospace Engineering. Simultaneously, he
began his own consulting firm, which was first known as Vulcan Engineering and later became known as Athena Engineering. Dr. Cost
remained at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa until 1985 when he returned to Huntsville and continued his teaching career as a
professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Alabama, Huntsville (UAH). He taught there until May of this year.
Dr. Cost was author or co-author of over 100 technical reports, which included 45 JANNAF papers and numerous technical reports on
his many Government contracts. His high standards for professional work were exceeded only by his even higher standards for personal
integrity. The JANNAF community will miss his technical contributions and warm and sincere nature.
Dr. Cost was the recipient of the Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Illinois in 1984 for his contributions to the
aerospace industry and he was appointed a Fellow by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Tom is survived by his wife,
Gloria Cost; son and daughter-in-law, Steve and Leslie Cost of Huntsville; daughter and son-in-law, Alyson and Mike Cargile of Tuscaloosa;
and five grandchildren.
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
13
People in Propulsion
Area Schoolchildren Learn What We Already Know: Rocket Science is Exciting!
T
such as a curiosity for
the world around
us, an ability to pay
attention to details,
and an understanding
of mathematics and
physics, emphasizing
that all of the attributes
are learnable.
Ron
concluded
his presentation with CPIAC Sr. Research Engineer Ron Fry
three tips to consider
for children who might be interested in becoming a rocket
scientist:
• Have a Dream or Vision for what you want to accomplish.
Ron elicited the words of Samuel L. Clemens, who said,
“Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by
the things you didn’t do than by the things you did…Explore,
Dream, Dare.” Ron also encouraged the children to conduct
a 30-day test of their personal interests.
• Seek out Guidance and Encouragement. Ron encouraged
the children to find a mentor such as a parent, teacher or
friend to help guide them and to enjoy the journey of
personal exploration. He encouraged the children to identify
with heroes and people in propulsion, many of whom were
discussed in his presentation.
• Cultivate an Open and Positive Attitude toward Learning.
Ron again stressed to the children that they already had
many of the skills necessary, and the others they could learn.
Ron encouraged the children to learn and understand the
Scientific Problem Solving Method, as it is a great tool for
many, if not all, of life’s challenges. The method of course
includes the following steps: observe what happened, and
state the problem; look for options/solutions and form a
hypothesis; pick a hypothesis and test
it through experiments; collect and
analyze your data; and finally, draw
your conclusions.
The day closed with a random
drawing for 10 CPIAC T-Shirts that
say, “As a Matter of Fact I am a Rocket
Scientist,” and the awarding of model
rocket kits to a few children who were
“really excited about rocket science.” It
was a fun and rewarding morning for
the children, school staff, and CPIAC
Over 250 elementary schoolchildren in Frederick County, Maryland, learned much
Staff as well.
about aerospace engineering from CPIAC’s own Ron Fry.
he Chemical Propulsion Information Analysis Center
(CPIAC) has long standing interests in educational
outreach to area school children on rocket science.
In May 2005, Ronald S. Fry, Senior Research Engineer at
CPIAC, entertained and enlightened over 250 elementary
school students of Frederick County, Maryland, on the nature
of aerospace engineering, exciting opportunities associated
with this discipline and the role rocket science could play in
their future. Ron’s talk was based on answers to a few typical
questions a child might ask: Who is Ron and what got him
excited about rocket science? What is rocket science? What
does a rocket scientist actually do? What does it take to be
a rocket scientist?
Ron was initially excited about rocket science after the
Russian launch of the first satellite, Sputnik in 1957, and the
launching of his own rockets at an early age. He pointed
out to the children that today there are many more events
and space vehicles, involving many countries, to provide
even more opportunities for becoming excited about this
discipline. Ron reviewed the mechanics of model rockets
and how the children could launch their own. Throughout
the talk the children were treated to many extraordinary
sights, through pictures and film clips, of rocket science
in action as it serves to provide us a means of security,
exploration and future commerce in our lives. Embedded
throughout these sights were examples of many areas of
potential interest to the children, including earth and space
sciences that seek to understand our physical place in the
heavens; physical sciences that seek to understand how
rockets work; and, life sciences that involve the search for
life and our origins. Ron highlighted what a rocket scientist
actually does, to include vehicle design, ground test, flight
test, and virtual engineering and modeling and simulation.
Ron briefly covered typical attributes of a rocket scientist,
14
CPIAC Bulletin/ September 2005
People in Propulsion
Aerojet appoints Chuck Shaeffer Director, Ballistics and Propellant Development
Aerojet Sacramento recently announced the appointment of Chuck Shaeffer to the position of Director, Ballistics and Propellant
Development. The Ballistics and Propellant Development Center of Excellence is a newly consolidated department focusing on solid rocket
motor grain design, ballistics modeling, and propellant/energetic materials development. Propellant and energetic materials development
in Sacramento will be conducted with the Technology department based in Virginia, which has matrix responsibility for these activities.
Previously, Chuck served as Aerojet program manager for Atlas V and was the leader of the very successful Atlas V burn rate variability
study. Prior to joining Aerojet in 2004, Chuck was employed by Pratt and Whitney Space Propulsion in San Jose (formerly Chemical
Systems Division) for 20 years. At Pratt and Whitney, he served as manager of the Grain Design and Ballistics department and also
project manager in the Advanced Research and Technology Directorate. Chuck earned a bachelor’s degree in Aeronautical and
Aerospace Engineering from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, and a master’s degree from the Georgia Institute
of Technology.
Kossiakoff....continued from page 8
culminating in his appointment as the Lab’s fourth director in 1969, succeeding his long-time associate Ralph Gibson. During
his tenure as Director, the Laboratory developed systems for radar, air defense, strategic communications, submarine operations
and spacecraft.
Dr. Kossiakoff stepped down as Director in 1980, becoming the Lab’s Chief Scientist, a position he held throughout the
remainder of his life. He also continued to serve Hopkins as program chair for technical management and systems engineering in
the Whiting School’s Engineering and Applied Science Programs for Professionals. One of the school’s largest graduate programs
is managed at APL’s Kossiakoff Conference and Education Center, which was named in his honor in 1983.
In 2004, he was awarded The Johns Hopkins University President’s Medal. Among his many other honors was the Department
of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, the highest award granted by the department to an individual from outside
the government. He held two patents on search and radar systems and was a member of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science.
He is survived by his wife of 66 years, the former Arabelle Davies; their children, Tanya Schmieler and Anthony Kossiakoff;
and five granddaughters.
September 2005/CPIAC Bulletin
15
JANNAF Meeting Calendar
2005
2006
15th Nondestructive Evaluation Subcommittee/
24th Rocket Nozzle Technology Subcommittee/37th
Structures & Mechanical Behavior Subcommittee
Meeting
33rd Propellant & Explosives Development and
Characterization and 22nd Safety & Environmental
Protection Subcommittee Joint Meeting
1-3 November 2005
6-10 March 2006
Abstract Deadline: Past
Paper Deadline: 26 September 2005
Hilton San Diego Mission Valley, San Diego, CA
Ph. 619-543-9000
Hotel Reservation Deadline: 26 September 2005
Reg. Forms due at CPIAC by: 17 October 2005
Abstract Deadline: Past
Paper Deadline: 26 September 2005
Hilton Sandestin Beach Golf Resort & Spa,
Destin, FL
Ph. 850-267-9500
Hotel Reservation Deadline: 2 February 2006
Reg. Forms due at CPIAC by: 22 February 2006
53rd JANNAF Propulsion Meeting and 2nd
Liquid Propulsion Subcommittee/1st Spacecraft
Propulsion Subcommittee Meeting
29th Exhaust Plume Technology Subcommittee
and 11th SPIRITS User Group Joint Meeting
5-8 December 2005
Abstract Deadline: 17 October 2005
Paper Deadline: 26 May 2006
TownePlace Suites, Littleton, CO
Ph. 303-972-0555
Hotel Reservation Deadline: TBD
Reg. Forms due at CPIAC by: 5 June 2006
Abstract Deadline: Past
Paper Deadline: 31 October 2005
Hyatt Regency Monterey Resort & Conference Center,
Monterey, CA
Ph. 831-372-1234
Hotel Reservation Deadline: 7 November 2005
Reg. Forms due at CPIAC by: 21 November 2005
19 -23 June 2006
Policy on Non-Government Attendees at JANNAF Meetings. Attendance at unclassified meetings for nongovernment employees is restricted to U.S. citizens whose organizations are 1) registered with the Defense
Logistics Information Service (DLIS) and 2) registered with the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
OR are certified by a sponsoring government official from one of the participating JANNAF agencies. Additional information concerning registrations with DTIC or DLIS can be obtained by contacting DTIC at 1-800225-3842 (www.dtic.mil/dtic/registration/index.html) or DLIS at 1-800-352-3572 (www.dlis.dla.mil/jcp/). The
requirement for attendance at classified JANNAF meetings remains unchanged.