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2016
S E CTIO N H E ADER
KAPP HONORS DAY
A CELEBRATION OF EXCELLENCE IN THE LIBERAL ARTS AT ALMA COLLEGE
THE 20 TH A NNU A L
KAPP HONORS DAY
A CELEBRATION OF EXCELLENCE IN THE LIBERAL ARTS AT ALMA COLLEGE
E
Thursday, April 7, 2016 – Classes Cancelled
HO N O RS D AY S CHED ULE
9:00–10:00 a.m.
Concurrent Sessions I
10:15–11:15 a.m.
Concurrent Sessions II
11:30 a.m.–12:45 p.m.
Lunch
Honors Day Participants — North Van Dusen Commons
All Others — Hamilton Commons
12:45–1:45 p.m.
Concurrent Sessions III
2:00–3:00 p.m.
Concurrent Sessions IV
3:15–4:15 p.m.
4:30 p.m.
Concurrent Sessions V
very year, the Alma
College community
comes together on
Honors Day to celebrate our
students’ remarkable range
of creative and scholarly
achievements. Each of today’s
presenters has done meaningful
independent work, collaborating
with faculty from nearly every
discipline on campus along with
many projects that blur and bridge
disciplinary boundaries. They
have discovered new truths about
the world and about themselves,
and through their work they have
enriched us all. Nothing that we do
as a community better represents
the college’s mission: to prepare
graduates who think critically, serve
generously, lead purposefully, and
live responsibly as stewards of
the world they bequeath to future
generations.
Today, as these students share the
outcomes of their work, we invite all
of their friends, family and guests to
sample the full range of research,
performance and creativity on the
schedule. Honors Day 2016 is a
chance to discover the common
themes and patterns of thought
at the heart of the liberal arts
experience. We’re delighted to share,
and we’re glad you’re here.
Thank you for your support,
The Honors Day Committee
Reception and Awards – Remick Heritage Center, Lobby
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Kapp Honors Day Prize
The Barlow Trophy Award
Steuard Jensen, Chair
Dana Aspinall
Murray Borrello
Prathim Maya Dora-Laskey
Nanette Freed
Jodie Reeves
Rachel Salazar
Seniors Nominated: Derek Stefanovsky, Katherine
Vaillancourt and Christine Wiersma
K E YNO TE S P E AKE R
Ainissa Ramirez
HONORS DAY KEYNOTE SPEAKER
8 p.m. Wednesday, April 6, 2016, Remick Heritage Center, Presbyterian Hall
Award-winning scholar, inventor and educator
Ainissa Ramirez is a “science evangelist” who
is passionate about getting the general public
excited about science. She is the author of Save
Our Science: How to Inspire a New Generation of
Scientists and co-author of Newton’s Football: The
Science Behind America’s Game.
Before taking on the call to improve the public’s
understanding of science, Ramirez was an
associate professor of mechanical engineering and
materials science at Yale University. Technology
Review, the magazine of the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT), named her one of the world’s
100 Top Young Innovators for her contributions to
transforming technology. She has been profiled
in The New York Times, Fortune Magazine, CBS
News, Inside Edition, Fox News, CNN, NPR, ESPN
and Time Magazine as well as scientific magazines
(Scientific American and Discover Magazine).
Ramirez received her training in materials science
and engineering from Brown University (Sc.B.) and
Stanford University (Ph.D.). Prior to being on the
faculty at Yale, she was a research scientist at Bell
Laboratories, Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill,
N.J., where she did award-winning research. She
has authored more than 50 technical papers and
holds six patents.
She now focuses her energies on making science
fun. She gave an impassioned TEDx call to action
on the importance of understanding science,
technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM),
which generated widespread enthusiasm. At
Yale, she was the director of the award-winning
science lecture series for children called “Science
Saturdays” and hosted two popular-science video
series called “Materials Marvels” and “Science
Xplained.”
She has served as a science advisor to the
American Film Institute, WGBH/NOVA and the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science (AAAS) and several science museums.
Currently, she is writing a book on the role of
materials in history and co-hosts a science podcast
called “Science Underground.”
ainissaramirez.com
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2 0 16 N O MINEES
The Barlow Trophy Award
Established in 1949 by Dr. Joel Barlow, a 1929
honors graduate of Alma College, the award
recognizes academic achievement for students
in the top 10 percent of their class as well as
contributions to campus and community. The
Barlow winner is determined by a vote of Alma’s
Student Congress and faculty.
Katherine Vaillancourt of Hillsdale has participated in numerous activities that demonstrate a passion for working with underserved populations
and with an emphasis on empowering others. A
history major with a minor in chemistry, she intends to pursue medical school. She is as member
of the Phi Alpha Theta history honorary and the
Public Affairs Institute.
Christine Wiersma of St. Johns has combined
academic achievement, campus leadership activities
and a commitment to mentoring other students
to reach their full potential during her four years
at Alma College. A double major in mathematics
and biology, she plans to pursue graduate school
to study applied mathematics. She is a member of
the Pi Mu Epsilon National Mathematics Honor
Society and the Beta Beta Beta National Biological
Honor Society.
Derek Stefanovsky of Alma has balanced interdisciplinary academic work with student leadership
responsibilities and co-curricular activities outside
the classroom. A political science major with an interest in social justice, he intends to study theology
in graduate school. He is a member of Pi Sigma
Alpha, the political science honorary.
As a student leader, he has served as senior class
president, delegate to Student Congress, president
of the Political Science Club and student representative to the Educational Policy Committee (EPC).
Academically, he has traveled to China and Italy
for Spring Term classes. Socially, he has participated in community volunteer work during Alternative Breaks alongside migrants on the U.S./Mexico
border and flooding victims in South Carolina.
In an experience funded by the Posey Global
Fellowship Program, Stefanovsky spent eight weeks
working with the Anglican Diocese of Northern
Malawi. He taught English grammar and social
studies at a secondary school, assisted in the
hospital laboratory, and spent time working with
“The Malawi Water Project,” which distributed
and installed low-cost biosand filters in order to
provide safe drinking water to villagers.
In addition, Stefanovsky assisted a local World
War II veteran write a memoir of his life and war
experiences — a project that lasted an entire school
year and resulted in a book that has had hundreds of copies distributed throughout the greater
Gratiot County area and beyond. He presented his
work at the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts
and Letters annual conference.
A graduate of Alma High School, he is the son of
Luke Stefanovsky ’83 and Martha Bamfield ’83.
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A three-time Posey Global Fellowship recipient,
Vaillancourt has focused her international work in
Brazil, India and Malawi on understanding how
ingrained poverty affects health care opportunities.
In Malawi she volunteered in a hospital maternity
ward. She also has participated on Alma’s Model
United Nations team.
A student advocate for cultivating a “culture
of service” on Alma’s campus, Vaillancourt
has served as a Gratiot Family Practice Patient
Advisory Council member, a member of the
Service Learning Team, and senior co-chair of
Alma College Alternative Breaks. She has twice
participated in Alternative Breaks on the U.S.Mexico border, where she experienced firsthand
migrants-rights issues.
In addition, she has served as a research assistant
with a team from Emory University Rollins School
of Public Health for the Michigan PBB Registry
project, in which she assisted with data collection.
Following her work, she presented preliminary
data at the Central Michigan Public Health
Conference, followed by a presentation to the
American Public Health Association.
A graduate of Hillsdale Academy, she is the
daughter of James and Jeannie Vaillancourt.
As an original member of the First Year Guide
program, she has helped many first-year students
acclimate to college life. She also has served as an
academic tutor in both mathematics and biology
and has served as president of the Math Club, an
officer with the Biology Club and member of the
Chemistry Club.
Academically, she is a published author. Last
summer, she participated in a research program
at Rutgers University, studying a topic in the
intersection of mathematics and biology. She
also has been a four-year member of the Alma
Symphony Orchestra and is currently principal
chair of the second violin section.
In addition, she has actively served as a member
and officer of the Gamma Phi Beta sorority and
has taken an active role in helping the organization
achieve its mission to empowering young women
to achieve their goals. She has participated enthusiastically in such philanthropies as Girls on the Run
and The Angel Wings Foundation.
A graduate of St. Johns High School, she is the
daughter of Thomas and Marie Wiersma.
2015 W IN N ER S
The Kapp Honors Day Prize
The social behavior of monkeys, literary rhetoric in postcolonial novels, and predictors of
risk-taking behaviors in adolescents were research topics selected for recognition at Alma
College’s 19th annual Honors Day.
Chelsea Bennett, Alyssa Cooper and Janelle Taylor are the 2015 recipients of the Ronald O.
Kapp Honors Day Prize for their outstanding Honors Day presentations in the humanities,
natural sciences and social sciences.
Chelsea Bennett, a senior from Rockford,
presented “Environmental Impacts on
Social Behavior in Captive Black-headed
Spider Monkeys (Ateles fusiceps robustus)
and its Implications.” In her study,
Bennett analyzed the social behavior of
two populations of monkeys living in
different enclosures. Her results stress
the importance of daily enrichment
for animals in captivity and the impact
environment can have on organisms.
Alyssa Cooper, a senior from Cadillac,
presented “She’s Not Who She Used to
Be: Postcolonial Hybridity as Theme
and Rhetoric in Barbara Kingsolver’s The
Poisonwood Bible. In her study, Cooper
studied the literary works of several
postcolonial scholars to analyze the identity
shifts in the female characters of Kingsolver’s
novel about an American family that goes to
the Congo on a mission trip.
The Kapp Prize is named for the late Dr. Ronald
O. Kapp, an Alma College biology professor for
32 years and vice president of academic affairs
for 20 years.
A panel of judges from each division —
humanities, natural sciences and social
sciences — selected the prizewinners after
assessing the presentations for quality of
scholarship as well as how the material was
presented. The prize is open to all students
and groups.
Janelle Taylor, a senior from East Lansing,
presented “Attachment and Hostile Parental
Discipline as Predictors of Risk-taking
Behaviors.” In her study, Taylor found that
risk-taking behaviors — such as drug use,
alcohol abuse and anti-social behaviors
— are less frequent when parents are
both sensitively responsive and administer
discipline in a non-hostile way (less
frequent corporal punishment, scolding,
criticizing, isolation and teasing).
Fulbright Scholar
Alma’s 25th Fulbright Scholar: Maggie Peacock
during my time abroad,” said Peacock. “These
are particular areas of interest of mine and the
focus of my work in Nepal during the summer
of 2013.”
Maggie Peacock of Batavia, Ill., was awarded the
prestigious post-graduate Fulbright Scholarship
last year to teach and study in Malaysia. A
political science major with an emphasis in
international relations, Maggie became Alma’s
25th Fulbright Scholar since 2003.
“I am really interested in working on local
women’s issues and combating human trafficking
Peacock’s four-year Alma Experience included
several study abroad projects funded by the
Posey Global Leadership Program. She taught
English in a rural school in Kenya, supported
human trafficking survivors in Nepal, helped
build Model United Nations programs in India
and interned at the U.S. Mission to the United
Nations in New York City.
She was to leave for Malaysia in January 2016
after spending six months in Sierra Leone,
Africa, where she planned to work with local
organizations to oversee the construction of an
orphanage for children whose parents died during
the Ebola crisis.
“My future goal is to work with grassroots nongovernment organizations in developing countries
to make them more efficient and effective
before connecting them with western donors
and investors,” said Peacock, who was an active
member of the Model UN team during her four
years at Alma College.
Alma’s Nationally Competitive Scholarship
Committee helps finalists search for appropriate
postgraduate scholarships, then reviews the
proposals and applications. Alma’s committee
identifies and nurtures exceptional candidates
for nationally competitive scholarships, grants
and awards.
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P RO G R AM OF PRESENTATIO NS
The day’s program is listed in chronological order, by session. The information provided includes title, presenter(s), department, advisor and page number to find
the abstract. Presentations are scheduled to last 20 minutes, including time for questions.
CONCURRENT SESSIONS I: 9:00–10:00 A.M.
IA – SAC 109; Moderator: Jessica Bigelow
“George Catlin: Depictions of the Noble Savage”; Elizabeth A. Webb (ART – Connolly)................................................................................7
“Madame X at the Cross Roads in the Career of Sargent”; Hannah L. Hilditch (ART – Connolly).................................................................8
“Eve and the Fall of Man”; Annamarie E. Williams (ART – Connolly)............................................................................................................7
IB – SAC 110; Moderator: Santino Dalla-Vecchia
“Birth Order and Romantic Relations”; Lillian J. Slavin (PSY – Stupica)..........................................................................................................7
“Combatting Voluntourism in Alma’s Culture of Service: Northern Malawi PGLOBAL”; Katherine M. Vaillancourt (AAA – Hulme).........9
“An Analysis of Sport’s Role in the Construction of Gender Representation in Chilean Film”; Marianna L. Smith (SPN – Slaughter)...........9
IC – SAC 113; Moderator: Katherine McClure
“Shoulder Flexibility and Strength in Division III Collegiate Swimmers Before and After Swim Season”; Hannah M. Estes (IPH – Davis)...9
“Changes in Body Composition and Strength Measures in Division III Wrestlers Over the Course of a Season”; James W. Jakes (IPH – Andre).8
“Muscle Activation Patterns and Joint Kinematics in Dancers and Volleyball Players During Basic Dance Movements”; Danielle E. Boss
(IPH – Davis)...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
ID – Dow L-1; Moderator: Mechon Carew
“Simulating Asteroid Disruption with Pumice and NWA 869”; Sarah J. Jack (CHM – Strait).........................................................................9
“Identifying Polyphenolic Compounds in Crude Strawberry Cultivar Samples”; Chelse M. Van Spronsen (CHM – N. Dopke)...................10
“Modeling Carbonaceous Chondrites Through Artificial Reconstruction”; Mason J. Molesky (CHM – Strait)............................................10
IE – Dow L-4; Moderator: Nicholas Arnold
“Investigating the Role of CDC42 in the Migration of Melanoblasts”; Michelle R. Scribner (BIO – Calhoun).............................................10
“Screening Botanical Extracts for Protein Binding with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Biosensor”; Christine L. Wiersma (BIO – Doyle).. 11
“Screening of Mid-Michigan Plants for Antioxidant Activity in the DPPH Assay”; Emalee J. Ousley (BTC – Doyle).................................. 11
CONCURRENT SESSIONS II: 10:15–11:15 A.M.
IIA – SAC 109; Moderator: Marissa Nivison
“The Impact of Conflict Resolutions on Relational Happiness: An Analysis of Conflict Resolution Style in Monogamous, Heterosexual,
College Dyads”; Jaclyn R. Shetterly (COM – Gilbert)............................................................................................................................... 11
“Coaches’ Influence on Athletes’ Alcohol Drinking Habits”; Sarah M. Collier (PSY – Batchelder)................................................................ 11
“How Green is Your Country? A Comparative Analysis of Environmental Policies Related to Climate Change in Five Countries”;
Hannah R. Schroeder, Sara R. Stemen (COM – Vickery)......................................................................................................................... 11
IIB – SAC 113; Moderator: Margaret Rausch
“Relationship Between Maximum Oxygen Consumption and Paavo Training Techniques in New and Experienced Collegiate Runners”;
Kaitlyn E. Arnold (IPH – Davis)............................................................................................................................................................... 11
“Effects of High Intensity Interval Exercise on Peripheral Blood Flow and Muscle Tissue Oxygenation”; Sarah K. Neeley (IPH – Davis)...12
“Relationship Between Maximum Oxygen Consumption and Muscle Oxygenation During a Cross Country Season”;
Trevor A. McCready, Kaitlyn E. Arnold (IPH – Davis).............................................................................................................................12
IIC – Dow L-1; Moderator: Krista Botting
“Pine River E. coli Enumeration”; Alexander C. Hall, Michelle R. Scribner (BIO – Keeton)..........................................................................12
“Agricultural Inputs of Pine River Correlations with Flint River?”; Margaret J. Selmon, Lizette Shirely, Cori M. DiSantis,
Nicole L. Green (ENV – Borrello).............................................................................................................................................................13
“Is There Lead in the Water? An Investigation of the Drinking Water in St. Louis and Alma, MI”; Cody A. Henderson,
Thomas T. Bannon (CHM – Strait, Borrello, Keeton, Harwood).............................................................................................................12
IID – Dow L-4; Moderator: Sabrina DeGroot
“Thermal Ecology of the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)”; Tyler M. Goerge, William P. Mulligan (BIO – Rowe)..............13
“The Winter Foraging Area of the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) as Observed Within its Northernmost Range”; Amber M. Tuttle,
Ryan M. Weaver (BIO – Bishop)................................................................................................................................................................13
“Thermal and Spacial Ecology of Microlophus bivittatus and Microlophus indefatigabilis”; Chelsea E. Martin (BIO – Rowe)........................13
IIE – Remick Heritage Center; Dance Studio
“The Last Goodbye”; Miranda Stutzman, Katherine Bruck, Katia L. Hamamouche, Laura Lowe, Morgan Markowicz, Vivienne Walton,
Madeleine Wingeier (THD – Fullmer) .....................................................................................................................................................14
“Irrevocable: The Inability to Alter Past or Present Reality Explored Through Dance”; Isabelle B. Limondin (THD – Fullmer)..................14
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P RO G RA M O F P RE S E NTAT I O N S
CONCURRENT SESSIONS III: 12:45–1:45 P.M.
IIIA – SAC 109; Moderator: Kilee DeBrabander
“Governmental Employees, Fraud, and a Possible Solution”; Emily R. Piontek (BUS – Rolling).................................................................... 15
“Data Analytics and Auditing Practices”; Kevin R. Judge (BUS – Ealey)........................................................................................................ 15
“Sarbanes Oxley: Has it Lived up to its Name?”; Elizabeth K. Ochs (BUS – Rolling).................................................................................... 15
IIIB – SAC 113; Moderator: Sarah Neeley
“Functional Movement Screening (FMS) and the Difference Between Men and Women Lacrosse Players in NCAA Division III
Athletics”; Nicholas R. Wilson (IPH – D. Knight).................................................................................................................................... 15
“The Physiological and Psychological Effects of Various Stretching Regimens on Functional Performance Testing of Collegiate
Division III Athletes”; Samuel J. Korbel (IPH – D. Knight, Aiken).......................................................................................................... 15
“Functional Movement Screen (FMS): The Effect of Implementing a Corrective Exercise Protocol Utilizing FMS Scores to a Division
III Male Basketball Team and the Effects on Injury Risk/Prevalence”; Sara A. Lovse (IPH – D. Knight)................................................ 15
IIIC – Dow L-1; Moderator: Dalia Barghouty
“Ramon Llull’s New Religious Conversion Method as a Model for Peace”; Katherine M. Vaillancourt (HST – Wasserman)........................16
“The Devil and His Brood: Henry II and His Relationship with His Sons”; Jacob F. Judd (HST – Wasserman)...........................................16
“Bede and the Formation of English Identity”; Steven R. Smith (HST – Wasserman)....................................................................................17
IIID – Dow L-4; Moderator: Andrew Hussey
“Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand Control by Surface Electromyography”; Cameron J. Spitzfaden, Hope L. Ayers (PHY – Argueta-Diaz)........17
“Soft Lithography for Microfabrication of Opto-Electronic Elements”; Elizabeth A. Wickens (PHY – Argueta-Diaz)..................................17
IIIE – Clack Theatre
Pine River Anthology; Cassidy R. Shankleton, Emily R. Price, Marissa L. Cook, Mary Frances C. Eshleman, Ashley Derrer,
Allison L. Brady, Rebekah L. Irani (ART – Lopez-Isnardi).......................................................................................................................16
CONCURRENT SESSIONS IV: 2:00–3:00 P.M.
IVA – SAC 109; Moderator: Paige Daniel
“Implications of Technology in the Elementary Classroom”; Jennifer L. Stirling (EDC – C. Thelen)............................................................18
“The Teacher as a Secure Base in the Classroom”; Kara L. Giles (EDC – Stupica).........................................................................................18
“Educational Models of Instruction and Assessment of English Language Learners”; Ashley N. Dentler (EDC – K. Cartrite).....................18
IVB – SAC 113; Moderator: Ashley Mattson
“Effects of Three-Week Intensive Lifestyle Program on Markers of Aerobic Fitness”; Shanyn N. Rapson (IPH – Luckett, Luetkemeier)......18
“Blood Lipids in Children”; Amy L. Socolovitch (PBH – Luetkemeier, Becker).............................................................................................18
“The Effects of Attentional Focus on the Acquisition of a Novel Handwriting Task”; Alexa N. Ball (IPH – Aiken).....................................18
IVC – Dow L-1; Moderator: Tyessa Brown
“Effects of Temperature on the Toxicity of pH Using Daphnia magna”; Hannah R. Schroeder (ENV – Harwood, Borrello)........................18
“CRISPR Mediated Knockout of Cancer-Associated FAM190a”; Cody N. Rozeveld (BCM – Calhoun).......................................................19
IVD – Dow L-4; Moderator: Seth Davis
“The Political Professor: How Non-Governmental Intellectuals Influenced Franklin Roosevelt’s ‘Court Packing’ Plan”; Jacob P. Fox
(HST – Olbertson)..................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
“Political Economy: Can the State do Better?”; Ali M. Ahmed (ECN – Cunningham)..................................................................................19
“Immigration Advocacy at the Border: El Paso, TX”; Jacob F. Judd, Jacob P. Fox, Shane T. Cooper, Luke S. Condon, Joseph M. Kennedy,
Marianna L. Smith, Megan C. Isom (PAF – Lorenz).................................................................................................................................20
IVE – Clack Theatre
“Senior Art and Design Majors’ Show”; Marshall E. Argenta, Chelsea R. Bertagnoli, Allison L. Brady, Marissa L. Cook,
Jerry L. Cupples, Ashley Derrer, Mary Frances C. Eshleman, Anniegrace M. Heise, Maxxton S. Jolls, Thomas J. Koehler,
Jacquellin J. Mow, Calliandra Perry, Samantha R. Smith, Cassidy R. Shankleton
(ART – Lopez-Isnardi, Dickson, Lambert, Connolly)...............................................................................................................................20
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P RO G R AM OF PRESENTATIO NS
CONCURRENT SESSIONS V: 3:15–4:15 P.M.
VA – SAC 109; Moderator: Cecelia Brady
“Humble Pleas: Poems of the Spirit”; John E. Urdiales (ENG – Palmer).........................................................................................................20
“There is No Ideal-I in Animal, But There is Lack in Lunacy”; Jessica L. Bigelow (ENG – Aspinall)............................................................20
“Reading Comprehension Enrichment”; Rebecca J. Blasius (ENG – S. Dixon)..............................................................................................20
VB – SAC 113; Moderator: Bergen Jome
“Moral Vegetarianism and the Philosophy of Mind”; Charles J. Oswald (PHL – N. Dixon)..........................................................................20
“Health Promotion in Schools”; Sara M. Schneider (IPH – Luetkemeier).......................................................................................................20
VC – Dow L-1; Moderator: Emily Danks
“Tripping, Toppling, and Tumbling Toddlers: The Effects of Attachment Security”; Marissa D. Nivison (PSY – Stupica)...........................21
“Disordered Eating and Parenting”; Victoria A. Bishop (PSY – Stupica).........................................................................................................21
VD – Dow L-4; Moderator: Abigail Fergus
“Surviving a Survival Film”; Jonathan D. Clark (NMS – Collamati)..............................................................................................................21
“Representations of Women in the Media During Political Campaigns”; Ashleigh N. Maier (COM – Gilbert).............................................21
VE – Remick Heritage Center, Lobby; Poster Session
“Addressing Urban Poverty”; Jade A. Edwards, Marianna L. Smith (AAA – Lorenz).....................................................................................21
“Characterizing Differences in Winter Foraging Areas of the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in Relation to Individual’s Size
and Sex”; Krista M. Botting (BIO – Bishop)..............................................................................................................................................21
“Prepartum Teaching on New Mothers on Postpartum Depression”; Ana C. Saucedo, Gabrielle D. Fazio, Sarah E. Stinson
(NUR – McKenna)....................................................................................................................................................................................21
“24-Hour Light Exposure and Recovery on Developing Rats’ Brains”; Hailey L. Albert (PSY – G. Beagley).................................................22
“Speed of Sound in Meteorites”; Brian A. May (PHY – Strait)........................................................................................................................22
“Mammoth Caves Trail Maintenance”; Annika J. Gurrola, Lauren M. Kucharczyk, Libbey A. Jones, Devan L. McNabb,
Karen D. Flesh, Lillian J. Slavin, Kayla J. Linstruth (AAA – Lorenz)........................................................................................................22
“Environmental Stewardship in Michigan”; Annika J. Gurrola, Naria A. Ford-Thompson, Libbey A. Jones, William P. Mulligan,
Tyler M. Goerge, Tylor M. Cole, Yuanyuan Zou (AAA – Lorenz)............................................................................................................22
“Synthesis of Novel Metalloenzyme Ligand Platforms”; Travis M. Dunn (CHM – J. Dopke)........................................................................22
“Environmental Effects on the Progression of Parkinson’s Disease: An Animal Model”; Jordan M. Skully, Emily R. Hinsman
(PSY – G. Beagley).....................................................................................................................................................................................23
“WWOOFing and Biodynamics on Organic Farms”; Ryan M. Weaver (ENV – Borrello).............................................................................23
“Multimedia Discharge Education: How Nurses Can Decrease Postoperative Readmission”; Isabelle B. Limondin, Quinn A. Huver,
Ashlee M. Fish, Mallory G. Simon (NUR – McKenna)............................................................................................................................23
“Implementation of Kangaroo Care During Cesarean Delivery at MidMichigan Gratiot Hospital”; Trisha L. House,
Christopher M. Johnson, Taylor G. Tripp, Cassie L. Wanless (NUR – McKenna, Neyer)........................................................................23
“Alternative Break: Urban Farming”; Megan C. Isom, Sophia R. Richter, Christine M. Calleja, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Akiela
(AAA – Lorenz)..........................................................................................................................................................................................23
“Alternative Break: Animal Welfare”; Amanda M. McKeith, Megan M. Koepfle, Aaron M. Daggett, Joelle E. Fisher,
Dorothy T. Buening, Elizabeth T. Putti, Emily R. Jack, Laura M. Slavsky, Akiela , Mika M. Obrecht, Franchesca Beningo, Danielle E.
Boss, Madison M. Webster, Scott A. Scripter (STC – Lorenz)...................................................................................................................23
“Alternative Breaks and Public Health at Mammoth Caves National Park”; Daniel J. Brandt (PBH – Lorenz).............................................24
“Alternative Breaks and Urban Farming in Detroit”; Daniel J. Brandt (AAA – Lorenz).................................................................................24
“Alternative Fall Break: Kids Food Basket”; Shannon M. Melcher, Katherine M. Vaillancourt (AAA – Lorenz)...........................................24
“HopeWell Ranch Alternative Break”; Maxim W. Short, Katherine M. Vaillancourt, Victoria A. Bishop, Alex S. Horan,
Akiela , Holly J. Zuiderveen, Amy L. Wood, Matilda S. Ennis, Amber M. Tuttle (AAA – McCullen)....................................................24
“Alternative Break: Center for the Homeless”; Kelly E. LaPorte, Ryan M. Weaver (AAA – Lorenz)...............................................................24
“International Rescue Committee Alternative Break”; Maxim W. Short, Katia L. Hamamouche (AAA – Lorenz).......................................24
“The Effects of Offenders Social Class on Probation Officer’s Attitudes”; Christopher A. Johnson (PSY – Batchelder).................................24
6
AB S TRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E S SI O N I
George Catlin: Depictions of the
Noble Savage
George Catlin’s 1832 regal portrait of the Native American Chief Ee-ah-sa-pa, Black Rock
shows the tribal leader in a headdress of feathers, a cloak lined with buffalo fur which is decorated with scenes of the hunt, and a horned
helmet. His posture is formal and presentational; the stance and placement of the feet mimic
what had become classic, full length portraiture
of the American upper class. Works like Eeah-sa-pa, seem to accentuate the preconceived
notion of the noble savage, and yet because
of Caitlin’s extensive experience with Indian
tribes, it carried an air of authenticity. The portrait thus raises a question: did Catlin make a
valid attempt to record the Native Americans in
a factual sense or did Catlin only perpetuate the
notions that Americans already had of Native
Americans and of the West? No other artist displayed a level of devotion for Native Americans
as Catlin, and he created art of a culture that
was about to perish in the reservation system.
My paper demonstrates that, through his art,
George Catlin indeed perpetuated the myth of
the noble savage by romanticizing the Native
people, but simultaneously traded upon the
public’s perception of his authenticity.
Elizabeth A. Webb ’17
Hometown: New River, AZ • Major: ENG
Sponsor: Dr. Daniel K. Connolly
Eve and the Fall of Man
The lintel carving of Eve from the Cathedral of Autun, completed by Gislebertus in 1130 A.D., depicts Eve in a very unusual way for medieval art.
Romanesque art typically shows Eve spinning yarn
or simply plucking the forbidden fruit; however,
this carving is unusual due to its seductive, sexual
representation. Yet that representation is just another strategy to blame her for the Fall of Mankind.
Gislebertus sought to reinforce the negative role
that medieval women were forced to accept by portraying her as the source of blame, inferior to men
and the object of sexual display. Eve was considered
a “temptress,” and was portrayed as a hyper sexualized figure. In medieval society women did not have
a choice; they were viewed as inferior because it was
supposedly through a woman’s temptation and seductive ways that women caused the expulsion from
Paradise and thus the Fall of Man. This project will
compare the sexual representation of the lintel carving of Eve at Autun with that of other Romanesque
portrayals of Eve.
Annamarie E. Williams ’17
Hometown: Midland, MI • Major ART
Birth Order and Romantic Relations
There is little existing literature on the relationship
between birth order and romantic relations. Parent
attachments have been the primary focus when
looking at attachment in romantic relationships.
However, sibling attachments — the longest relationship the average person will likely experience in
their lifetime — may be equally important. Birth
Order and Romantic Relations will be a presentation based on a study that looked at the relationship
between birth order and preference and satisfaction
in romantic partner. Participants in the study took
six surveys testing their feelings, beliefs, and attach-
ments in close relationships: Experiences in Close
Relationships Inventory, Experiences in Close Relationships — Relationship Structure for their mother, father, best friend, romantic partner, and every
adult sibling, Adult Sibling Questionnaire for every
adult sibling, Relationship Assessment Scale, Relationship Belief Inventory, and Adverse Childhood
Experiences Scale. Participants then rated 10 dating
profiles based on attractiveness.
Lillian J. Slavin ’17
Hometown: Bloomfield Hills, MI • Major: PSY
Sponsor: Dr. Brandi S. Stupica
7
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT I
Madame X at the Cross Roads in
the Career of Sargent
John Singer Sargent (1856-1925) was a very
successful painter in his early career; he painted
with delicate sensitivity and beautifully captured
each sitter’s inner and outer countenance,
making him a much sought after artist. His
later portraiture differs in approach; in his
portraits of women he more readily indicated
personalities and interests beyond the socially
acceptable representations of a simple, docile,
submissive creature on a settee. What, in his
early career, was a faithful portrait of a sitter
changed subtly as he portrayed more confident,
engaged women in these later portraits. Few
have remarked on this shift, and so we lack a
proper explanation for the change in his body
of work. My paper will show that it was after
the exhibition of his “masterpiece” portrait of
Madame X in 1884, his general approach to
portraiture took this subtle turn. Madame X
was met with derision and outrage at the Paris
Salon due to the portrait’s casual challenge
of gender roles and female sexuality, and as
a consequence Sargent never so blatantly
challenged the conservative beliefs of society
again. Yet the spirit of Madam X endures in his
later portraiture.
Hannah L. Hilditch ’17
Hometown: White Lake, MI • Major: POE
Changes in Body Composition and
Strength Measures in Division III
Wrestlers Over the Course of a Season
The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in
lean mass, fat mass, and strength in NCAA DIII
wrestlers to discover possible correlations between
body fat percentage, strength, and athlete performance. Findings may lead to information regarding optimal body composition and body changes a
wrestler may experience throughout a competitive
season. The study hopes to identify best practices
for achieving optimal athletic performance. IRB
approval is currently granted for 14 subjects who
have already participated in preseason strength
tests. These tests consist of a weighted pull up onerep max, a bench press one-rep max, and front
squat one-rep max performed under professional
supervision. Body composition was assessed using
three skin fold measurements: one preseason, and
two in-season. A final measurement will be administered at one week post-season where participants
will repeat all strength tests and one final skin fold
measurement.
James W. Jakes ’16
Hometown: Novi, MI • Major: ATH
Sponsor: Mr. Phillip H. Andre
8
Shoulder Flexibility and Strength
in Division III Collegiate Swimmers
Before and After Swim Season
This study was designed to determine the effects
of a swimming season on shoulder strength and
flexibility of Division III collegiate swimmers.
Subjects were recruited from the Alma College
2015-2016 swimming team, and their participation was completely voluntary. Subjects were
be divided into a control group, a group without prior shoulder pain, and a painful shoulder
group, shoulder pain resulting in athletic trainer intervention at least once a week during the
2014-15 swimming season. The three subjects
recruited all fell into the swimmers without prior pain category. As a result, subjects acted as
their own control. Prior to testing, all subjects
were familiarized with testing instruments and
protocol, baseline values were then taken. Shoulder flexibility measurements were taken using
a hand-held universal goniometer, the shoulder
strength tests were completed using the Cybex
NORM Isokinetic Dynamometer set at an angular velocity of 60° per second. The subjects
repeated the baseline tests halfway through the
swimming season and within a week of the end
of the season. Because of the low subject number,
the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Initial observations include a decrease in right
shoulder flexibility and an increase in left shoulder strength from the preseason to midseason
measurements.
Hannah M. Estes ’16
Hometown: Elkhart, IN • Major: IPH
Sponsor: Dr. John E. Davis
Muscle Activation Patterns and Joint
Kinematics in Dancers and Volleyball
Players During Basic Dance
Movements
The purpose of this experiment is to determine
how prior dance or athletic experience impacts
muscle recruitment patterns and joint kinematics
during a basic dance movement. If dancer’s have
more practice with the movement, they should
have a more efficient pattern of muscle activation
in the leg muscles. Six dancers, six volleyball players, and six participants that are not involved in
a sport will participate in the study. Each of the
participant’s will perform three different types of
movement: grand plié, front leg extension, and
a jump from first position. Electromyography
(EMG) and motion analysis will be measured
for each subject for each of the three movements.
Electromyography will be recorded from the
vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius,
tibialis anterior, and the psoas major. Amplitude
of the EMG signal will be used to measure the
force of contraction and muscle sequencing will
be determined by analyzing the timing of the contractions. Markers will be placed on key joints to
record joint kinematics during the movements.
To improve teaching techniques in dance it will
be important to understand the role of practice
in learning and mastering complex motor skills
like dance.
Danielle E. Boss ’18
Hometown: Howell, MI • Major: IPH
Simulating Asteroid Disruption with
Pumice and NWA 869
Asteroids collide in space causing meteorites to
fall to earth. These meteorites have been studied
and found to be made of various materials. One
component that we focused on was porosity. To
test porosity, pumice was used as an analog during
the disruptions to see how it compared to meteorite disruptions. The pumice disrupted similarly
to the meteorite as they had similar mass frequency distribution graphs. However, pumice would
sometimes crater where the meteorite would not.
The porosity of the pumice may have distributed
the impact force differently to allow for cratering.
The meteorite samples were also used to disrupt
at various projectile speeds and sizes. When impacted with a small, slow projectile the sample was
left relatively intact. When the speed increased so
did the number of particles but the sample was
still left intact. With a larger projectile, the sample
disrupted with a wide range of fragment sizes. At
faster speeds with a large projectile the range decreased. Having a large, fast projectile produced
the smallest range of fragment sizes. The size of the
projectile effected the disruption more than the
speed of it. Larger projectiles have more impact
force to cause disruptions than smaller projectiles.
Combatting Voluntourism in
Alma’s Culture of Service:
Northern Malawi PGLOBAL
What does it mean to enter into another
place or culture and volunteer? Are you
appreciated? Should you be appreciated?
Are you doing a good thing, or anything
worthwhile? For whose benefit are you
working? These are some of the questions
volunteers must ask themselves before
entering any type of service experience to
prevent “voluntourism.” Voluntourism is
when a volunteer, knowing or unknowingly exploits a host community, preventing
fruitful work and perhaps even causing
harm. Often associated with voluntourism seems to be that it is a purely Western
phenomenon, occurring when privileged
20-year-olds pay to serve. At Alma College, students, including myself, have a
plethora of opportunities to do just that —
Venture, Alternative Breaks, PGLOBAL
— enriching the culture of service on and
off campus. For this presentation, I will use
my PGLOBAL to Mzuzu and Likoma Island, Malawi in South-Central Africa as a
case study to spark discussion about how
Alma students can actively work to prevent
voluntourism and develop skills for future
service which will help to make a difference in the world.
Katherine M. Vaillancourt ’16
Hometown: Hillsdale, MI • Major: HST
Sponsor: Dr. Derick L. Hulme
Sarah J. Jack ’16
Hometown: Caledonia, MI • Major: CHM
Sponsor: Dr. Melissa M. Strait
An Analysis of Sport’s Role in
the Construction of Gender
Representation in Chilean Film
This research project, originally conducted in
Spanish, evaluates and analyzes how sport influences the social construction of gender in Chilean
film. The analysis is centered predominantly upon
films by Chilean producer and director Andrés
Wood, such as Machuca and Historias de fútbol
(Stories of Soccer). Following a six-month study
abroad experience in Chile, research revolves
around the question of how sport intersects with
gender representation. The presentation will include film clips to augment audience understanding of the plot lines and cinematographic
effects that assist in the construction of gender
representation.
Marianna L. Smith ’16
Hometown: Ludington, MI • Majors: SPN, COM
Sponsor: Dr. Stephany L. Slaughter
9
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT I
Identifying Polyphenolic
Compounds in Crude
Strawberry Cultivar Samples
Strawberries have been studied for their
flavonoid content because of their high
antioxidant capabilities. Flavonoid content may differ between cultivars and in
this research the strawberry cultivars Jewel,
Cavendish, L’Amour, and AC Valley Sunset were studied to identify polyphenolic
compounds from crude acetone extracts
of the freeze-dried fruits. Matrix-assisted
laser desorption/ionization time of flight
mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS)
was used to identify potential polyphenolic compounds. The majority of the
signals detected varied between strawberry
cultivars, but a few signals were present
in samples of all four cultivars. Heterogeneous and homogeneous oligomers were
detected including heptamers (1909.76
Da) and trimers (188.19 Da). The total
flavonoid content versus rutin trihydrate,
a flavonoid monomer, was determined
using UV-visible spectroscopy for three
of the cultivars. The results showed no
significant difference in flavonoid content
between the three strawberry cultivars.
Chelse M. Van Spronsen ’18
Hometown: Jenison, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Dr. Nancy C. Dopke
Modeling Carbonaceous Chondrites
Through Artificial Reconstruction
Our lab has been disrupting meteorite samples as
analogs for asteroid impacts at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range. Our previous work found ordinary chondrites have a different disruption pattern
than carbonaceous chondrites. Since carbonaceous
chondrites are rare and our testing is therefore limited, we have attempted to hydrate ordinary chondrites to produce the mineralogy and texture of
carbonaceous chondrites. Samples of NWA 869 are
crushed to less than 2 mm particle size and put into
a Teflon container with pH~13 solution. This container is placed into a Parr Pressure bomb at 150°C
for about 14 weeks. The meteorite is reformed in
PVC pipe where it can solidify and dry over a period of 12 weeks, when the PVC is removed to reveal
an artificially constructed meteorite. The estimated
density of our rock was 2.00 g /cm3 in comparison
to 1.6 g /cm3 of actual samples. The density of our
artificially constructed meteorites is too high, however, the structure is similar to carbonaceous chon-
10
drites. Further, the particle distributions before and
after reconstruction are different proving we have
successfully created an artificial meteorite. Future
work will focus on methods to reduce the density to
model carbonaceous chondrites.
Mason J. Molesky ’17
Hometown: Alma, MI • Major: MTH
Investigating the Role of CDC42 in the
Migration of Melanoblasts
CDC42 is a protein known to regulate the
cytoskeleton of melanoblasts, thus impacting
their migration and invasion capabilities during
embryonic development in mice. Overactive
CDC42 has been shown to play a role in cancers
like melanoma, therefore the impact of reducing
CDC42 levels within cells is of interest to
researchers. This project involved deleting and
inhibiting CDC42 in melanocytes, then analyzing
the cellular ramifications of these manipulations.
Western blotting was used to assess the levels
of other cellular proteins, immunofluorescence
staining of melanocytes was performed to
image the distribution of other actin-associated
proteins throughout the cell, and length-to-width
ratios of melanocytes were measured to identify
morphological changes as a result of CDC42
deletion. The levels and distributions of associated
proteins were found to be similar in normal versus
manipulated melanocytes. However, a statistically
significant difference in the average length-to-width
ratio of normal versus CDC42-deleted cells was
identified. An active-CDC42 pull down assay was
also optimized and used to verify the effectiveness
of ML-141, an active-CDC42 inhibitor, on
melanocytes. Additionally, the placement of
melanoblasts at day 13.5 during mouse embryonic
development was analyzed in normal and CDC42deleted embryos.
Michelle R. Scribner ’16
Hometown: Wyandotte, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Dr. Eric S. Calhoun
Screening Botanical Extracts for
Protein Binding with a Quartz Crystal
Microbalance Biosensor
Plants are the source of many of our most important
pharmaceutical drugs, and botanical dietary supplements are a multibillion-dollar industry. New tools
will enable the discovery of new plant-derived drugs
as well as increase our understanding of the pharmacology of botanicals and their chemical constituents. We are investigating the binding of various
botanical extracts to the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). Serum albumin carries molecules, including some drugs, through the blood and
has important implications for pharmacokinetics.
We have developed a quartz crystal microbalance
(QCM) biosensor by immobilizing BSA to the gold
surface of a quartz crystal. The binding of molecules
to the protein is detected as a change in the resonant
frequency of the crystal. Turmeric, ginkgo, grape
seed, black cohosh, and green tea extracts have been
tested. It was found that turmeric, ginkgo and green
tea bind to BSA, while grape seed and black cohosh
do not. The turmeric extract caused the frequency
to change 6.75 Hz. The change in frequency for the
ginkgo extract was 8.43 Hz, and the change in frequency for the green tea extract was 11.32 Hz. We
are currently investigating the nature of the interactions between green tea chemicals and BSA.
Christine L. Wiersma ’16
Hometown: St. Johns, MI • Majors: MTH, BIO
Sponsor: Dr. Brian J. Doyle
Screening of Mid-Michigan Plants for
Antioxidant Activity in the DPPH Assay
Screening of mid-Michigan plants for antioxidant
activity in the DPPH assay investigation of plants
used in Native American traditional medicine has
lead to several important pharmaceuticals. Included among these are the anticancer agents, Paclitaxel
and Etoposide. The aim of this study was to screen
mid-Michigan plants for biological activity in order
to gain insight into the biochemical basis for their
traditional use as well as their potential value in the
development of new therapeutics. Alongside other
assays such as the brine shrimp lethality assay and
cancer cell-based antiproliferative assays, the DPPH
assay is being used to determine antioxidant activity
of plant extracts. Cellular damage due to the presence of oxidative free radicals has been implicated
in various diseases including cancer. It has been
hypothesized that antioxidants may provide some
benefit by mitigating the effects of damaging free
radicals. Our preliminary data indicate that several
of the plants studied do have antioxidant activity,
and the activity varies widely among species. Future
plans for the study include phytochemical investigation of active plant extracts in order to identify
active chemical constituents.
Emalee J. Ousley ’17
Hometown: Sloughhouse, CA • Major: BTC
Sponsor: Dr. Brian J. Doyle
ABS TRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E S SI O N I I
The Impact of Conflict Resolutions
on Relational Happiness: An Analysis
of Conflict Resolution Style in
Monogamous, Heterosexual, College
Dyads
College is a crucial time to gain independence and
to establish life-long relationships. During college,
many students engage in romantic relationships,
and the impact of these relationships are important for the development of positive environment.
College students are more likely to be happy as long
as they can experience a high level of romantic relationship (Demir, 2009). Conflict style plays a crucial role in romantic relationships as couples effectively or ineffectively communicate disagreements.
If this can be understood, and we know what goes
wrong at the beginning of a relationship, then it
may be easier to avoid disagreements and try to correct them later (Lou, 2009). Because of the potential rewards or consequences on a relationship due
to effective or ineffective communication through
conflict styles, Alma College students were assessed
on their relational satisfaction and conflict style using
avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, and collaboration as the primary conflict styles.
Jaclyn R. Shetterly ’16
Hometown: Muskegon, MI • Majors: COM, PSY
Sponsor: Dr. Joanne R. Gilbert
Coaches’ Influence on Athletes’
Alcohol Drinking Habits
Student drinking is a problem on college campuses,
especially for those who participate in athletics.
There has been some research on protective factors
for student athletes to guard against poor drinking
habits, but there is little data on the influences of a
coach. College coaches are important role models
in an athlete’s life because they have considerable
authority over an athlete while he or she attends
college. There are two groups for this experimental
research. Both the control and experimental
group will fill out a questionnaire concerning
their drinking habits and their perception of their
coach. The experimental group will go through two
alcohol educational exercises run by their coach. My
hypothesis is that coaches who are more involved in
their student athletes’ lives will show a decrease in
the drinking habits of the student athlete.
of energy, water, pollution, and land use policies in
the United States, India, Switzerland, Kenya, and
Venezuela. These countries were chosen to yield a
broad overview of environmental policies in both
developed and developing countries and in different
parts of world. The study compared EPI data for the
selected nations and developed conclusions about
characteristics common to a country’s ability to address its own environmental challenges. The study
also points to important communication and coordination challenges that must be faced if there is to
be an effective international response to the global
environmental problem of climate change.
Sarah M. Collier ’16
Hometown: Lansing, MI • Majors: ENV, BIO
Hometown: Fenton, MI • Major: PSY
Sponsor: Mr. Thomas H. Batchelder
How Green is Your Country?
A Comparative Analysis of
Environmental Policies Related to
Climate Change in Five Countries
Climate change has been an issue of increasing scientific, political, and public concern for decades.
The 2015 U.N. conference on climate change
(COP 21) represents a significant step forward in
collaborative international efforts to address this
global environmental issue. The outcomes of COP
21 make clear that environmental policy decisions
in the 196 participating nations will require increasing levels of international coordination and
increasing confidence in the sustainability of policy
initiatives undertaken by independent nations of
the world. This study used the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) to compare the effectiveness
Hannah R. Schroeder ’16
Sara R. Stemen ’17
Hometown: Livonia, MI • Majors: BUS, COM
Sponsor: Dr. Micheal R. Vickery
Relationship Between Maximum
Oxygen Consumption and Paavo
Training Techniques in New and
Experienced Collegiate Runners
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maximum oxygen consumption
(VO2 max) and the reliability of Paavo distance
training in collegiate cross country runners during
their competitive season. Runners (six female, 19.2
+ 1.2 years) were studied early in their season (T1),
midseason (T2), just before their championship race
(T3), and one week after their championship race
(T4). Runners were divided into two groups; new
runners (NR) and experienced runners (ER) based
on experience with the Paavo program. Each subject
completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on
11
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N II
a motor driven treadmill. Subjects began running
at seven miles-per-hour for two minutes and elevation of the treadmill was gradually increased until
volitional fatigue. A Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400
metabolic measuring system was used to determine
VO2 max. Predicted race times were determined for
each runner for 5k and 6k race distances based off
of the Paavo training method using each individual’s off-season training records. Predicted times were
compared with the fastest time the individual ran
during this season. New runners had a greater initial
and final VO2 max (T1 = 58.35 + 1.2 mL/kg/min,
T4 = 63.45 + 7.6 mL/kg/min) than the ER (T1=
55.6 + 6.3 mL/kg/min, T4 = 60.7 + 3.8 mL/kg/
min), whereas each group had the same change in
oxygen consumption from T1 to T4 (5.09 + .015
mL/kg/min). New runners also showed a larger deviance from their predicted and actual 6k race time
(202.4 + 29.9 seconds) than the ER (95.0 + 57.2
seconds). These data suggest that in-season training
produces the same increase in oxygen consumption
regardless of experience.
was consistently positive during the active recovery
portion of exercise. Slope of TSI % during the first
bout of maximum resistance (Condition 1: -0.015
± 0.007, Condition 2: -0.032 ± 0.046) declined at a
greater rate than the following five bouts of exercise.
Furthermore, slope of TSI % during the one-hour
rest in both conditions was highest one minute into
the rest period (Condition 1: 0.0011 ± 0.0015,
Condition 2: 0.0020 ± 0.0023) and then returned
to baseline by 11 minutes into the rest period. Forearm blood flow during the one-hour rest in both
conditions was also highest one minute into the rest
period (Condition 1: 11.4 ± 6.3 ml/100 ml/min,
Condition 2: 10.3 ± 2.8 ml/100 ml/min) and then
returned to baseline by 11 minutes into the rest period. In conclusion, muscle oxygenation declined at
a high rate during HIE and was partially restored
during active recovery. Most of the deoxygenation
occurred during the first HIE bout, suggesting that
increased blood flow in subsequent bouts facilitated
an increase in oxygen delivery.
Kaitlyn E. Arnold ’17
Hometown: Montrose, MI • Major: PSY
Hometown: Jackson, MI • Major: IPH
12
Sarah K. Neeley ’17
Effects of High Intensity Interval
Exercise on Peripheral Blood Flow and
Muscle Tissue Oxygenation
Relationship Between Maximum
Oxygen Consumption and Muscle
Oxygenation During a Cross Country
Season
Intense physical exercise has profound effects on
muscle metabolism. Previous studies have looked at
muscle oxygenation changes with intense exercise.
However, this study is unique in that its purpose is
to look at the relationship between tissue oxygenation and blood flow delivery in response to a high
intensity training protocol. Six subjects (Age = 20.5
± 0.8 yrs, Weight = 68.6 ± 12.6 kgs) participated
in four trials. During the first trial, a maximum cycle ergometer test was performed to determine the
maximum power output for each participant. In
the second trial, either condition one or condition
two was performed in a random order. Condition
one consisted of six bouts of high intensity exercise
(HIE) followed by a one-hour rest period. Each
bout consisted of 30-seconds pedaling at the subject’s maximum resistance followed by one-minute
pedaling without resistance (active recovery). Condition two consisted of two series of six HIE bouts
separated by a 30-minute rest period followed by
a one-hour rest period. Near-infrared spectroscopy
(Portamon, Artinis Inc.) in the left gastrocnemius
muscle was used to assess tissue saturation index
(TSI). Slope of the TSI response was then calculated. Forearm blood flow was measured every 10
minutes during the rest periods using venous occlusion plethysmography. Heart rate (HR) and beatto-beat blood pressure were continuously recorded
(CNAP 500, CNS Systems) throughout exercise
and rest periods. In the third trial, baseline measurements of NIRS, forearm blood flow, and HR
were taken. In the last trial, each subject completed whichever condition they did not complete on
day two. TSI slope was consistently negative during
the maximum resistance portions of exercise and
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between maximum oxygen consumption
and muscle tissue oxygenation of collegiate cross
country runners throughout their season. Seven
collegiate cross country runners (six female and one
male, 18.85 ± 0.9 yrs.) were studied early season
(T1), mid season (T2), directly after their last meet
(T3), and one week after their season was completed (T4). Each subject completed a graded exercise
test to exhaustion on a motor driven treadmill. Subject began running at seven mile per hour for two
minutes. The elevation of the treadmill was gradually increased to volitional fatigue. A Parvo Medics
TrueOne 2400 metabolic measurement system was
used to determine oxygen consumption, expired
ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio at each
exercise level and at maximum. Maximum oxygen
consumption (VO2 max) was then determined.
Near-infrared spectroscopy (Portamon, Artinis
Inc.) was used to measure oxygenated hemoglobin,
deoxygenated hemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and
tissue saturation index (TSI) for each stage of the
graded exercise test. The Portamon was placed over
the vatus lateralis and secured. TSI is used as an
index of muscle tissue oxygenation. In this study,
the slope of the decline in TSI was determined and
used to quantify the muscle oxygenation response.
TSI data was smoothed via a moving average filter
width of five seconds. The moving average filer calculated the unweighted mean of the measured data
over the filter width. Overall, the TSI deceased at
a slower rate during mid season (T2) compared to
early season (T1) testing (Slope: T1=-0.091 ± 0.16;
T2=-0.021 ± 0.007). Furthermore, VO2 max increased between T1 to T2 (VO2 max: T1=58.5 ± 9.1
ml/kg/min; T2=62.35 ± 12.03 ml/kg/min). Muscle oxygenation declined at the fastest rate during
the early part of the cross-country season relative to
mid-season. At the same time, VO2 max significantly increased between those two time points. Taken
together, this suggests that adaptive change as result
of cross country training enables runners to be more
efficient at utilizing oxygen probably as a result of
adaptive metabolic changes in skeletal muscle.
Trevor A. McCready ’16
Hometown: Fremont, MI • Major: IPH
Kaitlyn E. Arnold ’17
Hometown: Jackson, MI • Major: IPH
Pine River E. coli Enumeration
The EPA considers E. coli to be a standard indicator of fecal contamination in water sources. Exposure to E. coli is known to be highly correlated to
illness. Because of this correlation, the state regulates
acceptable levels of E. coli in rivers; a seasonal geometric mean of above 126 CFU/100 mL is considered unsafe for total body contact. Water samples for
Alma’s Pine River were collected from five sites and
filtered through a membrane. The membranes were
then placed onto differential and selective media for
E. coli. Colonies were counted after incubation at
an elevated temperature. Throughout the summer
of 2015, samples yielded E. coli levels above EPA
regulations in 42-90% of collections depending on
the sample site. After rain events, colony counts were
particularly elevated, reaching levels that were too
numerous to count (>1000 colonies). For the first
time, the lab has continued to collect samples during
the fall and winter months and will present this data.
Alexander C. Hall ’16
Hometown: Greenville, MI • Major: BCM
Michelle R. Scribner ’16
Hometown: Wyandotte, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Dr. Timothy P. Keeton
Is There Lead in the Water? An Investigation of the Drinking Water in St.
Louis and Alma, MI
Like Flint, the cities of Alma and St. Louis obtain
their drinking water, in part from a surface water
source: the Pine River. The Pine River and Flint
River share the same degradation of water quality
due to agricultural runoff. Poor surface water quality means more stringent measures need to be taken
to clarify and disinfect water. This process produces
carcinogenic byproducts and may increase the corrosivity of the water. The Flint crisis occurred when
corrosive water leached lead from old piping in individual homes. Could the same problem occur in
the Alma, St. Louis area? This study partners Alma
College, the cities of Alma and St. Louis, and Mid
Michigan District Health Department in the set-up
and execution of a comprehensive lead and metals analysis plan for homes and businesses on water service from the Gratiot Area Water Authority
(GAWA). Water from taps in homes and businesses
in the GAWA district will be taken and analyzed
ABSTRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E SSI O N I I
for lead, copper and iron. Immediate capture and
post-flushing will occur to compare potential residual metal concentrations. Samples will be analyzed
on the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer at Alma
College and duplicate samples will be sent to EPA
certified labs. Results will be reported to the cities,
health department and to the public. This kind of
collaborative work between higher education and
local governmental bodies addressing real and important needs in the community may prevent future water crises.
Cody A. Henderson ’16
The Winter Foraging Area of the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) as
Observed Within its Northernmost Range
The American Kestrel, Falco sparverius, is the smallest falcon in North America, measuring only
22-31 cm in length. Central Michigan is at the northernmost edge of its winter range. Since 2007
we have observed the foraging behavior of wintering kestrels in northern Gratiot County and
neighboring counties by means of banding, radio-tagging and visual observations. By comparing
locations kestrels have been found throughout the duration of the study we will try and determine
if there is any pattern to their occurrence. Furthermore, if such a pattern exists we will try to determine if there is any correlation to the type of habitat found at these locations. We will also compare
those individuals radio-tagged and the amount of time spent in their foraging areas.
Hometown: Lexington, MI • Majors: CHM, ENV
Thomas T. Bannon ’16
Amber M. Tuttle ’17
Hometown: Hickory Corners, MI • Majors: CHM, BIO
Sponsors: Dr. Melissa M. Strait,
Mr. Murray C. Borrello, Dr. Timothy P. Keeton,
Dr. Amanda D. Harwood
Hometown: Kalamazoo, MI • Major: BIO
Ryan M. Weaver ’16
Hometown: Reese, MI • Majors: BIO, ENV
Sponsor: Mr. Michael E. Bishop
Thermal Ecology of the Common
Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)
Ectothermic reptiles regulate their body temperatures (Tb) to maintain temperature-dependent
physiological processes. We studied Tb of five Snapping Turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in Davis Lake in
Vestaburg, Michigan (2013-2015) using radio-telemetric techniques. Turtles established core areas
of activity within home ranges and mostly resided
along the littoral shelf during the active months.
Body temperature increased during the late morning hours, attained a maximum value near 0000
h, with subsequent decline between 0000–0600
h. Apparently, turtles foraged on the littoral shelf
during the morning and afternoon hours where
they maintained Tb within the preferred body temperature range by thermoconforming. Later in the
day, however, turtles positioned themselves in the
surface water to elevate body temperature late in the
day, presumably to facilitate digestive processes. Indices of thermoregulation indicated that snapping
turtles attained body temperatures within Tset by
avoiding warm atmospheric thermal conditions and
cooler deep-water column conditions.
Tyler M. Goerge ’17
Hometown: Schoolcraft, MI • Major: BIO
William P. Mulligan ’17
Hometown: Allenton, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Dr. John W. Rowe
Thermal and Spacial Ecology
of Microlophus bivittatus and
Microlophus indefatigabilis
Regulation of body temperate (Tb) of ectotherms
allows them to maintain thermally dependent
physiological processes. Tb variation in 17 different
lizards (Microlophus bivittatus) was studied at the
Galápagos National Park on the Island of San Cristobal, Ecuador during March and April of 2015.
Lizard Tb was monitored by radio telemetry and
the operative environment temperatures (Te) was
measured by thermal tidbits in the field. The Tb of
lizards cycled daily peaking early to mid afternoon
and gradually dropping into the next day. Lizards
used sun patches and shade refugia to maintain
mid-day temperatures at 36˚C on average. During
March, female lizards’ Tb was maintained at a
slightly higher level than males. In August, males’
Tb was maintained at a higher level than females.
Plots of lizards’ location and habitat selection revealed that lizard microhabitat use included rock
faces, leaf litter, and trees. Male-male and female-female home ranges were found to not overlap and male-female home ranges often overlapped
completely. A comparison of Microlophus bivittatus
to Microlophus indefatigabilis will be made later.
Chelsea E. Martin ’16
Hometown: Delton, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Dr. John W. Rowe
Agricultural Inputs of Pine River
Correlations with Flint River?
Nutrient loading of Pine River upstream of Alma
water treatment plant — separating septic system
inputs from ag inputs.
Margaret J. Selmon ’18
Hometown: Alma, MI • Major: ENV
Lizette Shirely ’18
Hometown: Alma, MI • Major: UND
Cori M. DiSantis ’16
Hometown: Naperville, IL • Majors: BIO, ENV
Nicole L. Green ’17
Hometown: Portland, MI • Major: MTH
Sponsor: Mr. Murray C. Borrello
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A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N II
Katia Hamamouche ’16
The Last Goodbye
Dance is a unique art form that can tell a story without saying the plot. The movement and music help
portray a story that is interpreted differently by all that view it. My piece, “The Last Goodbye,” was inspired
by wanting to remember a dancer that I had grown up with that had passed away. Each prop that is used had
a special meaning to me. Viewers will not know my specific attachment but they will be able to interpret
the story themselves. My goal is for each viewer to have an internal emotional attachment to my piece that
is unique to themselves.
Choreographer: Miranda Stutzman ’17
Hometown: Wheeler, MI • Majors: ACC, THD
Sponsor: Ms. Crystal J. Fullmer
Hometown: Carmel, IN • Major: EDC
Laura Lowe ’17
Hometown: Alma, MI • Majors: ACC, THD
Morgan Markowicz ’16
Hometown: St. Clair Shores, MI • Majors: BUS, THD
Madeleine Wingeier ’19
Hometown: Bay City, MI • Major: UND
Vivienne Walton ’17
Hometown: Greensboro, NC • Majors: PSY, THD
Katherine Bruck ’18
Hometown: Essexville, MI • Major: CHM
Irrevocable: The Inability to Alter
Past or Present Reality
Explored Through Dance
This ballet strives to demonstrate
that although life may present us
with circumstances that are irreversible, other people have been
in the same place, whether emotionally or physically. History has
repeated itself for decades; this
dance displays such repetition
regarding individuals’ emotional
reactions to and initial decisions
about their realities. After establishing this motivation, I focused
on the music, constructing strict
group formations as well as the
individual lines the dancers make
with their bodies. Specific shapes
are visible in the space, changing
with the music. Seeing the music
through the dance is one aspect
that intrigues me when choreographing. The emotional impact
of the dramatic and memorable
works by Martha Graham, as well
as the precision and musicality of
George Balanchine’s choreography are two factors that heavily
influence my approach. In the
process of making this dance,
I found it difficult to teach my
dancers the musicality I naturally
hear in the music. It was at times
difficult to manage and direct a
cast of six dancers. I challenged
the dancers to hear the music differently and expand their movement vocabularies for this ballet.
Choreographer:
Isabelle B. Limondin ’16
Hometown: Milford, NH
Majors: THD, NUR
Sponsor: Ms. Crystal J. Fullmer
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ABS TRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E S S I O N I I I
Governmental Employees, Fraud, and
a Possible Solution
How can the problem of governmental employees
who commit fraud be solved? This study will look
specifically at how governmental employees are able
to steal exorbitant amounts of money even though
there are current systems in place to prevent it. By
looking at specific governmental accounting fraud
cases, this paper will try to determine where the
weaknesses are in governmental internal controls
and audit procedures. The research will focus on
finding where those weaknesses may lie in terms of
governmental accounting. Enforcement of governmental accounting standards may improve the prevention and detection of fraud happening in state
and local governments.
Emily R. Piontek ’16
Hometown: Warren, MI • Major: ACC
Sponsor: Ms. Tina M. Rolling
Data Analytics and Auditing Practices
In today’s world the amount of information and
data is overabundant. Businesses especially generate
and deal with floods of data. The problem is analyzing all that data to determine what is relevant.
As an accounting major I wanted to research data
analytics and its uses in external auditing. External
auditors are only in contact with a company’s data
for a short time. I wanted to look at how external
auditors sort through the massive amounts of data
for a company so they can issue a legitimate opinion
for shareholders. Through the use of research and
several case studies I will determine practices used
by external auditors in analyzing massive amounts
of data. I will also discuss how audits are completed
on the data entry and data storage systems. With
the massive amounts of data generated by businesses daily, it would be easy for a company to improperly report information and commit fraud by deceiving shareholders. For that reason data analytics
and auditing should go hand in hand for an auditor
to successfully evaluate a company.
Kevin R. Judge ’16
Hometown: Mt. Pleasant, MI • Major: ACC
Sponsor: Mr. Thomas L. Ealey
Sarbanes Oxley: Has it Lived up to its Name?
With so many fraud cases coming to surface every
day and the ever-increasing regulations set forth
by the Securities and Exchange Commission, it
seems like the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 has
been effective in preventing fraudulent activities.
That being said, because of SOX, finding fraud
has become significantly easier for auditors. In
fact the whole CPA franchise exists because of
SOX. This study explains the major developments
in accurate accounting measures as a result of
Sarbanes Oxley. The study examines various SEC
and PCAOB cases from different medias, as well as
fraudulent activities and regulations prior to SOX,
various public companies, big four accounting
firms and their involvement in fraud prevention
or assistance, different types of fraud, punishments
and effectiveness of those punishments, economic
market impacts, and anything else relating to public
accounting fraud, SOX, the SEC, and the PCAOB.
The research executed discovered that SOX has
brought public companies leaps and bounds from
previous accounting standards; which helps in the
act’s overall mission — to ensure that outsiders
are given accurate and complete information to
help them make informed decisions about public
companies. Concluding results suggest that SOX
should continue to transform the standards for
public accounting.
Elizabeth K. Ochs ’16
Hometown: Issaquah, WA • Major: ACC
Sponsor: Ms. Tina M. Rolling
Functional Movement Screening
(FMS) and the Difference Between
Men and Women Lacrosse Players in
NCAA Division III Athletics
This study incorporated functional movement
screening (FMS) which includes seven different
functional movements that are graded on a 3-point
scale. The purpose of this study was to examine mobility, motor control, and functional patterning that
may lead to an increased risk of injury. Each subject
was given a time to report to the Athletic Training
Room inside the Hogan Center to perform their
functional movement screening (FMS). They were
asked to perform seven different functional movements, which include: squatting, stepping, lunging,
reaching, single-leg raising, pushups, and rotary
instability. A script preceded each movement by the
functional movement screen for proper instruction.
All movements were graded on a 3-point scale. The
3-point scale consists of: 0 – pain with pattern, 1 –
unable to perform pattern, 2 – compensation when
performing pattern, and 3 – performing pattern
properly throughout the whole movement. Once
each subject performed all seven movements a final
score was given for data collection. The data collected
was used to analyze the differences between men and
women lacrosse athletes and the correlation between
the positions on the field. Using this data I analyzed
the correlation with injuries that occurred during the
2015 men’s and women’s lacrosse seasons.
Nicholas R. Wilson ’16
Hometown: Hubbard Lake, MI • Major: ATH
Sponsor: Ms. Danielle N. Knight
The Physiological and Psychological
Effects of Various Stretching Regimens on Functional Performance Testing of Collegiate Division III Athletes
mens. Current research has yet to find the most optimal pre-exercise routine and is thoroughly lacking
insight into the perceptions of athletes regarding
stretching regimens. This study will utilize 20-to40 collegiate athletes at Alma College. Participants
will be randomly assigned into the order of which
they complete four stretching regimens, no-warm
up (NW), static warm-up (SW), dynamic warm-up
(DW), and a combination warm-up (CW) over a
testing period of two weeks. The participants will
complete four functional performance tests, the sit
and reach, vertical jump test, agility T-test, and the
100-m dash test. Participants will also complete
four post-test questionnaires regarding perceptions
after specific warm-ups and one post-study questionnaire regarding their perceived best testing date
and favorite stretching regimen. Functional performance tests will be analyzed using two-way repeated
measures ANOVA (4x2) and questionnaires will be
analyzed using multiple dichotomies and cross tabulations. This study will attempt to find the stretching regimen that yields the best correlation between
the functional performance testing and athlete’s
perceptions of preparedness.
Samuel J. Korbel ’16
Hometown: Schaumburg, IL • Major: ATH
Sponsors: Ms. Danielle N. Knight,
Dr. Christopher A. Aiken
Functional Movement Screen
(FMS): The Effect of Implementing a
Corrective Exercise Protocol Utilizing
FMS Scores to a Division III Male
Basketball Team and the Effects on
Injury Risk/Prevalence
Functional Movement Screen (FMS) has been
shown to have a correlation with sport injuries
in the athletics. FMS tests functional movement
using seven exercises. The test is scored out of 21
and scores less than or equal to 14 have shown to
correlate with a higher risk for injury. This study
was conducted utilizing FMS to implementing a
corrective exercise protocol on a Division III men’s
basketball team. The purpose of this study was to
increase FMS scores and decrease the injury risk
and prevalence amongst the Division III basketball
team. The design of the study consisted of a baseline
FMS test, a control group, an experimental group,
and a post FMS test. The experimental group
conducted eight-week corrective exercise protocol
based on their FMS score. At the end of eight weeks
the whole basketball team was post tested. The data
collected was used to determine if the corrective exercise protocol improved FMS scores and decreased
the risk of injury in the experiment group compared
to the control group.
Sara A. Lovse ’16
Hometown: Clinton Township, MI • Major: ATH
Sponsor: Ms. Danielle N. Knight
This study examines the relationship between functional performance and perceptions of Division III
collegiate athletes after different stretching regi-
15
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N III
Ramon Llull’s New Religious Conversion Method as a Model for Peace
Many centuries after the Crusades, religious violence such as the recent attacks in Paris and Beirut continue to resonate in popular consciousness.
Thirteenth-century polymath Ramon Llull, who
lived during the Crusades, devoted several of his
works to combatting such violence. Throughout
medieval Europe and North Africa, Llull advocated a unique method of religious conversion using
interfaith dialogue and promoting a peaceful, unified society among Christians, Jews and Muslims.
Llull crafted his model on his home island, Mallorca, after experiencing visions causing him to
recommit to Christianity. Scholars agree that Llull
indeed worked toward a new method of conversion
and unity; but, scholars do not describe that Llull
presented a novel evangelism as a central tenant of
attaining societal unification. Using Anthony Bonner’s English translation, this paper will analyze the
conversation among the characters of Llull’s Book of
the Gentile and the Three Wise Men, which presents
Llull’s unique conversion model founded on the
use of the convert’s will, reason and intellect. The
author will argue that Llull intended this model of
conversion not only to help others discover truth,
but also to serve as a foundation for peace.
Sponsor: Dr. Daniel I. Wasserman
The Devil and His Brood: Henry II and
His Relationship with His Sons
Hometown: Hope, MI • Majors: SED, ART
Throughout the 35-year reign of English King Henry II (r. 1154-1189), the monarch was plagued by
rebellions from his own family. In 1173, 1183 and
1189, Henry faced serious rebellions from varying
coalitions of his sons and his formidable wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, who each wanted to knock the
family patriarch down a peg. Henry II’s uniquely
hostile relations with his family has been noted by
medieval and modern scholars alike. However, although a couple of theories have been raised, no
one has systematically attempted to analyze why the
family was so prone to fighting one another. In my
paper, I analyze primary source chronicles on each
rebellion to attempt to decipher what motivated
each of the sons to rebel against their father. In doing so, I find that their motivations were more complicated than historians often present. Although
the family might have had more combative personalities (as a leading theory proposes), there were
deeper motivations that led to the rebellions. Poor
parenting and repeated humiliations also played a
role. But I find that the most important factor leading to the series of rebellions that Henry suffered
were economic tensions, particularly relating to the
inheritance.
Hometown: Blanchard, MI • Major: NMS
Sponsor: Ms. C. Sandy Lopez-Isnardi
Hometown: Fowlerville, MI • Majors: HST, POL
Pine River Anthology
Pine River Anthology is an annual publication
produced by the collaborative efforts of students from the Art and Design, English and
New Media Studies departments. Our visual
theme, “branching,” stems from the connections between these different disciplines. It also
celebrates our second year including purely
digital-based works in our ever-expanding web
publication. The presentation will discuss the
process of developing the publication and explore the diverse creative work created by Alma
College students.
16
Cassidy R. Shankleton ’16
Hometown: Boyne City, MI • Major: ART
Emily R. Price ’17
Hometown: Grand Rapids, MI • Major: ART
Marissa L. Cook ‘ 16
Hometown: Highland, MI • Majors: ART, ENG
Mary Frances C. Eshleman ’16
Hometown: Rockford, MI • Majors: ART, ENG
Ashley Derrer ’16
Hometown: Mancelona, MI • Major: ART
Allison L. Brady ’16
Rebekah L. Irani ’16
Jacob F. Judd ’16
ABS TRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E S S I O N I I I
Bede and the Formation of
English Identity
This paper explores the formation of
English national identity in the early
Middle Ages and the role that the
Venerable Bede had in it with his work,
Ecclesiastical History of the English People.
Using his work, my goal is to determine
what factors united the English people in
the Anglo-Saxon period (c. 450-1066).
Among historians of England, some
scholars argue that nation formation
only began in the modern period with
the emergence of mass print culture and
literacy. Others disagree, however, and
argue that nations could coalesce in the
early Middle Ages; my paper falls into
the latter’s camp. By a close examination
of Bede’s text, my hope is to provide new
insight into how the Christianization of
the Anglo-Saxon tribes brought them
together into one English people. This
paper consists of a close examination of
books I and II of Bede’s History, as well
as relevant scholarship.
Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand Control by Surface Electromyography
To develop a reliable method of control for a
prosthetic hand, various arrangements of surface
electromyography (sEMG) electrodes, and various algorithms for filtering the resulting signals,
were essayed. Two electrode pairs are used in the
current configuration: one targeting the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and a second
pair targeting the extensor digitorum muscle.
This arrangement would be appropriate for patients with a trans-radial arm amputation. Each
sEMG signal is filtered individually utilizing a
sample-replacement algorithm. This continually calculates average signal values, replacing the
oldest sample in the set each time the average is
calculated. The difference between the filtered
flexor and extensor signals is then calculated. The
sign and magnitude of this difference dictate the
direction and distance of desired hand motion.
An Arduino microprocessor performs the signal
processing and augments the position of a servo-controlled prosthetic whilst the difference between flexor and extensor signals remains above a
threshold value. If the difference remains below
the threshold, the servos maintain their position.
This prevents small fluctuations of the signal from
perturbing the hand position while allowing the
fingers to be moved at a variety of speeds and to
arbitrary positions.
Cameron J. Spitzfaden ’17
Hometown: Charlotte, MI • Major: PHY
Hope L. Ayers ’17
Hometown: Marysville, MI • Major: COM
Sponsor: Dr. Victor Argueta-Diaz
Steven R. Smith ’16
Hometown: Bad Axe, MI • Major: HST
Soft Lithography for
Microfabrication of OptoElectronic Elements
Traditionally, the fabrication of microelements by soft lithography is limited
by the size of the mold. The cast can
only be as small as the resolution of the
device that created the mold allows. We
propose the use of thermoplastics for the
mold, which can be heated and shrunk.
The thermoplastic we use are polystyrene (PS) sheets, commonly known as
Shrinky Dinks®. We use two different
processes to create molds from these PS
sheets. The first is to cut a mold out using a laser cutter. The other is to use a laser printer to print the mold design onto
the polystyrene. By repeating this process several times, a raised mold can be
created. We then heat the PS to reduce
the size by 55%, allowing us to make a
smaller mold than the resolution of the
printer or laser cutter. The PS mold is
then filled with polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS) to create a cast. We explore
various applications of this process, including opto-electronic elements.
Elizabeth A. Wickens ’16
Hometown: Tustin, MI • Major: PHY
Sponsor: Dr. Victor Argueta-Diaz
17
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N IV
Implications of Technology in the
Elementary Classroom
Technology has been evolving for quite some time,
but it was only recently implemented into classrooms, specifically elementary school classrooms.
This implementation caused many teachers, parents,
administrators and students to make an adjustment
in their roles, actions and attitudes. Some schools
took the technology and ran with it, while others
left it on the shelf and only fell further behind. This
case study offers a snapshot of one of the success stories, a one-to-one technology school in Michigan,
where a fifth-grade class learns, creates, and communicates all on electronic devices. By comparing
these personal interviews to prior research, it is clear
that technology has a place in the classroom, as long
as all of the affected groups are willing to put in the
effort to implement it correctly and are knowledgeable about the best uses of the technology.
Jennifer L. Stirling ’16
Hometown: Dexter, MI • Majors: EDC, LAR
Sponsor: Ms. Cassie B. Thelen
The Teacher as a Secure Base in the Classroom
The Attachment Theory developed by John Bowlby identified four different attachment types that
are developed at infancy and changes and grows
throughout their adult life. It has been discovered
recently how these different types of attachment
affect behavior in the classroom. This includes children’s academic achievement, cognitive abilities,
social and emotional skills. In this study, I outline
how the different types of attachment affect these
skills and abilities in the classroom. It was found
through a literary analysis that children who are securely attached fare better in school and later on
in life. I identify how educators can identify and
help support students who are insecurely attached
in the classroom, and how they can help become
the secure base for these children. Lastly, I will share
the results from my study in my second-grade classroom on attachment as well as the implications for
educators on the Theory of Attachment.
Kara L. Giles ’16
Hometown: Ithaca, MI • Major: EDC
Educational Models of Instruction and Assessment of English Language Learners
With an increasing number of students being labeled
as English Language Learners (ELLs) in America’s
schools, the need for educational programs and assessments that meet these students’ unique linguistic
needs is dramatically increasing. Two models of education have developed out of a need to accommodate
and teach ELL students in today’s classrooms. The
first model is English as a Second Language (ESL)
programs which use predominantly comprehensible
English to teach English and subject area material.
18
The second model is bilingual education programs
that use the students’ first language and comprehensible English for instruction. In addition to the
educational models of instruction, a variety of assessments have been created to assess and monitor
ELL student progress. For this study, literature review and scholarly article analysis were used to look
at the benefits and limitations of the instructional
programs and assessments available for ELL students. From this research, two conclusions have been
drawn regarding the best educational program and
best assessment tool for ELL students. No one program, nor single assessment, fits the needs of all students, but rather there are various factors that need
to be considered when determining whether ESL or
bilingual education is most beneficial. As for assessment, a combination of assessment tools is ideal.
Ashley N. Dentler ’16
Hometown: Portage, MI • Major: EDC
Sponsor: Ms. Karla J. Cartrite
Effects of Three-Week Intensive Lifestyle Program on Markers of Aerobic Fitness
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a three-week lifestyle program
on markers of aerobic fitness. SUBJECTS: The subjects (n=25; female=9; male=16) were Alma College students enrolled in a course entitled “Meals
on Wheels.” METHODS: Subjects performed a
submaximal bicycle protocol as recommended by
World Health Organization that compared the
heart rates of multiple workloads, which were determined by subject’s heart responses after the initial
stage at 0.5Kp. Subjects then performed a ramped
treadmill submaximal test on the Quinton Q Stress.
Subjects performed pre-tests the first and second
day of class and post-tests on the last day of class.
Over the course of the three-week program, subjects
performed daily exercise averaging in 2-4 hours per
day. Subjects also learned about healthy lifestyles,
such as nutritional diets for athletes and physical
fitness. RESULTS: Heart rates decreased significantly for all three submaximal workloads pretest
(122±2.9, 140±2.2, 155±3.8) to post-test (116±2.7,
131±4.1, 142±3.5); t=3.5, t=3.9 t=6.2, respectively
(p<0.05). Time on the treadmill increase pretest
(690±25) to post-test (712±28); t= 2.4 (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: The three-week lifestyle program
improved markers for aerobic fitness and overall
fitness. Due to increased daily exercise and healthy
diet changes, submaximal treadmill times, heart
rates at rest and three different workloads decreased.
Shanyn N. Rapson ’16
Hometown: Farmington Hills, MI • Major: IPH
Sponsors: Ms. Brittany S. Luckett,
Dr. Maurie J. Luetkemeier
Blood Lipids in Children
This study will utilize the data collected through the
(S)Partners for Heart Health program, which partnered with Alma College through 2015. This study
will aim to find a correlation between students’ total
and non-HDL cholesterol and self-efficacy regarding fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
The data that will be presented will be controlled
for gender, ethnicity, school, and socioeconomic
status. Statistical Packaging for the Social Sciences
program will be used to create a model and search
for a correlation between the dependent variables,
total and non-HDL cholesterol, and independent
variables, fruit, vegetable, and physical activity
self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that those students
who are more sure that they are able to take in the
minimum recommended daily value of fruits and
vegetables and more sure that they are able to be
physically active seven days a week will have lower
total and non-HDL cholesterol levels.
Amy L. Socolovitch ’16
Hometown: Cheboygan, MI • Major: IPH
Sponsors: Dr. Maurie J. Luetkemeier,
Mr. Tyler B. Becker
The Effects of Attentional Focus on
the Acquisition of a Novel Handwriting
Task
This study will look at the effects of attentional focus on healthy individuals during a drawing task.
Attentional focus pertains to the subject of an individual’s attention during a movement. Internal
focus of attention involves focusing on the movement of a task, whereas external focus of attention
involves focusing on the outcome of a movement.
It has been shown that adopting an external focus
of attention improves performance in a number of
gross motor tasks (Wulf and Prinz 2001). However,
research has not previously looked at the effect of
attentional focus on fine motor tasks. Using a Dell
XPS computer connected to an HP Pavilion 27"
monitor and electronic pen and a WACOM Intuous Pro tablet, participants will perform a handwriting task with a 180-degree visual rotation. A
2(group) x 5 (block) ANOVA for acquisition and a
one-way ANOVA for retention will be used for data
analysis. Looking at normalized jerk and movement
time will allow the effectiveness of attentional focus
to be measured. The results of this study will allow
the effects of attentional focus on fine motor tasks
to be implemented in a diseased population, such as
those with Parkinson’s disease.
Alexa N. Ball ’16
Hometown: Mt. Pleasant, MI • Major: IPH
Sponsor: Dr. Christopher A. Aiken
Effects of Temperature on the Toxicity
of pH Using Daphnia magna
Two common anthropogenic environmental effects are water acidification and climate change.
Previous studies have demonstrated that individually, increased temperature or acidification can have
negative implications on the survival of aquatic organisms. There have been limited studies, however,
exploring their combined effect. This is an important consideration as it would not be uncommon for
an aquatic organism to experience multiple stressors. The objective of the current study was to evalu-
ABSTRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E S SI O N I V
ate the effect of increased temperature on the toxicity of acidification to the aquatic macro invertebrate,
Daphnia magna. Several 48-hour toxicity bioassays
were conducted at increased temperatures and reduced pH. How increased temperature shifted the
median lethal level of acidification, and if these
two stressors acted synergistically were evaluated.
This and future research can determine if increased
temperature, via climate change, will exacerbate the
effects of aquatic acidification.
Hannah R. Schroeder ’16
Hometown: Lansing, MI • Majors: ENV, BIO
Sponsors: Dr. Amanda D. Harwood,
Mr. Murray C. Borrello
CRISPR Mediated Knockout of Cancer-Associated FAM190a
FAM190a is believed to play a regulatory role in
the normal cell division process known as mitosis.
Previous studies suggest that mutations in the gene
may lead to flawed cellular division and eventual
chromosomal instability; traits commonly found
in human cancers. In an attempt to further understand the role FAM190a plays in a cell, an attempt was made to establish a cell culture model
sans FAM190a. To accomplish this, CRISPR mediated knockout was chosen as the knockout method. Integrated within the CRISPR plasmid was a
FAM190a specific recognition sequence. When
transfected into a cell line, CRISPR will bind to the
recognition sequence and induce a double-stranded break. Transfected with the CRISPR plasmid
will be a previously constructed selection plasmid,
which will both complete the somatic cell gene
knockout of FAM190a via homologous recombination, and provide a selection method for the desired
cells. The FAM190a deficient cell line will then be
compared to other cell lines in an attempt to further
investigate the function of FAM190a within a cell.
The Political Professor: How Non-Governmental Intellectuals
Influenced Franklin Roosevelt’s “Court Packing” Plan
In December 1936, the United States federal government reached an ideological impasse, one that threatened to undermine the
economic and social aspirations of Franklin
Roosevelt’s New Deal. Since 1935 New Deal
Legislation had been repeatedly challenged
in the Supreme Court, due to concerns that
the federal government had overstepped its
Constitutional Mandate. Recognizing that
the Supreme Court was adversarial to recovery legislation required to end the Great
Depression, Roosevelt sought to expand the
number of Justices on the Supreme Court to
save the New Deal, a plan of action that was
developed by confidants, appointees, and a
number of politicized professors. Tapping
into the aspirations of Progressive Era reformers, who sought an aggressive expansion
of democracy, Roosevelt’s Court packing
plan received both praise and criticism from
academia. Delving into the rich archival
evidence, this paper highlights how Franklin Roosevelt used academics to formulate
the “Court Packing” plan, individuals who
provided historical and legal grounding for
its implementation. Ultimately, Roosevelt’s
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937
proved to be the defining moment of U.S.
Constitutional history in the 20th century,
a crucial transition that empowered the federal government to address social, economic,
and racial inequality in the United States.
Jacob P. Fox ’16
Hometown: Marysville, MI • Majors: HST, POL
Sponsor: Dr. Kristin A. Olbertson
Cody N. Rozeveld ’16
Hometown: McBain, MI • Majors: BCM, BIO
Sponsor: Dr. Eric S. Calhoun
Political Economy: Can the State do Better?
Exponential growth seen from the freeing of markets
contrary to propelling the advocacy of moral, capitalist, free market institutions has instead lead to hybrid markets that have increased involvement from
governments to fix the perceived scandals of capitalism. Most modern universities advocate for this
methodology when applying economics to address
current policies and their implications. The Austrian,
Bloomington and Virginia schools of political economy have however demonstrated many implementations of third-way or centralized economic policies
– though having great intentions – have caused a serious regression in the net well-being of ordinary citizens and has instead inflamed the very externalities
third-way or state run economies hope to prevent.
Ali M. Ahmed ’16
Hometown: Canton, MI • Major: ECN
Sponsor: Dr. Robert P. Cunningham
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A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N IV
Marshall E. Argenta ’16
Hometown: Stafford, NY • Major: ART
Chelsea R. Bertagnoli ’16
Hometown: Rockford, MI • Majors: ART, ENG
This presentation will focus on the efforts of a
group of former Alternative Break students to
renew contacts along the Mexican border related
to immigration policy. The presentation will describe the work of the team during the visit of Pope
Francis to Ciudad Juarez-El Paso and when they
worked with the Columban Center for Advocacy
and Outreach. The report will assess the success
of efforts tied to the Pope’s visit in promoting understanding of American immigration issues and
resolution of the immigration question.
Hometown: Redford, MI • Major: ART
Hometown: Fowlerville, MI • Majors: HST, POL
Hometown: Carson City, MI • Major: ART
Hometown: Marysville, MI • Majors: HST, POL
Hometown: Fair Haven, MI • Majors: BCM, ART
Hometown: Parma, MI • Major: UND
Washington, MI • Major: ART
Hometown: Colon, MI • Major: POL
Hometown: Berkley, MI • Majors: PSY, ART
Hometown: Davison, MI • Major: REL
Hometown: Alma, MI • Majors: BIO, ART
Hometown: Boyne City, MI • Major: ART
Sponsors: Ms. C. Sandy Lopez-Isnardi,
Ms. Jillian D. Dickson, Mr. Benjamin C. Lambert,
Dr. Daniel K. Connolly
Hometown: Howell, MI • Major: FOR
Sponsor: Dr. Edward C. Lorenz
Hometown: Gaylord, MI • Majors: MUS, ART
Allison L. Brady ’16
Hometown: Hope, MI • Major: SED, ART
Marissa L. Cook ’16
Hometown: Highland, MI • Majors: ART, ENG
Jerry L. Cupples ’16
Hometown: St. Johns, MI • Major: ART
Ashley Derrer ’16
Hometown: Mancelona, MI • Major: ART
Mary Frances C. Eshleman ’16
Anniegrace M. Heise ’16
Maxxton S. Jolls ’16
Thomas J. Koehler ’16
Senior Art and Design Majors’ Show
The Senior Show is the capstone requirement for
all graduating students majoring in Art and Design.
The product of a years’ preparation, the senior class
organizes every aspect of the show from publicity,
installation, and receptions to the completion of
their individual series. During the presentation,
viewers can discuss works with the exhibiting artists
and learn about the vast array of media, techniques,
and themes on display.
Immigration Advocacy at the Border:
El Paso, TX
Jacquellin J. Mow ’16
Calliandra Perry ’16
Samantha R. Smith ’16
Cassidy R. Shankleton
Jacob F. Judd ’16
Jacob P. Fox ’16
Shane T. Cooper ’17
Luke S. Condon ’16
Joseph M. Kennedy ’17
Megan C. Isom ’17
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N V
Humble Pleas: Poems of the Spirit
The spirit breathes like poetry. The poetry of the family, of stories about grandmothers and grandfathers,
resonate into the depths of the human person. The
strings drawn between identity and family become
as a prayer to the Great Spirit, the Holy of holies.
These humble pleas can become prayers of the spirit
when the seasons change, or when the wailing of
the spirit echoes between sea and sky. In such places
one might discover vast space. Vast spaces promote
contemplation and timelessness. Contemplation
involves imagination. Within imagination springs
forth transcendent possibilities — the possibility of
heaven. Poems of the spirit can be cries to heaven.
John E. Urdiales ’16
Hometown: Cuyahoga Falls, OH • Major: ENG
Sponsor: Dr. William W. Palmer
Reading Comprehension Enrichment
Elementary education majors have successfully
worked alongside Luce Road Elementary students
on increasing reading comprehension due to an
approval of a grant that funded big books and
costumes that I wrote during the winter of 2015.
Gratiot County Community Foundation approved
the reading comprehension grant in April of 2015,
which gave the Education Department around
$1,012–$1,562 in order to purchase the big books
and costumes. In this presentation, I will talk about
20
my process of grant writing. First, I will introduce
the reading project Dr. Store has formed. Second,
I will explain how I found an organization to get
funding for the project. Third, I will show how I
utilized the MI Data Port to emphasize the area of
need by looking at the ratio between economically
advantaged and disadvantaged children. Finally, I
will end with the impact this grant has provided for
future students. During the 2015-16 academic year,
this grant will help approximately 250 students
with reading comprehension. This presentation embodies the importance of philanthropy and grant
writing because it shows the impact this grant has
made on reading comprehension, which will better
expand these students’ literary horizons.
consciousness, the problem of other minds, and
panpsychism. I argue that even if we assume that
these theories and problems are correct, it still does
not follow that we should not be moral vegetarians. From this, I conclude that despite not knowing with certainty that non-human animals have
subjective experiences, we should nevertheless assume that they do for moral reasons.
Rebecca J. Blasius ’16
In the 19th century, we see the American academic culture making drastic changes to the scholarly
conversation surrounding sanity. Jacques Lacan introduces his “mirror stage” theory, and how it affects
desire, as a step in this movement. Before Lacan, the
older, distorted view of mental illness seemingly saturated stories such as “The Black Cat,” by Edgar Allen Poe. However, by applying Lacan to these texts,
we see that Poe plays with psychological confusion
in a way the scientific community was not ready for.
He explores suppression in connection with lunacy;
directly relating to Lacan’s ideal-I and a sense of lack.
Hometown: Roscommon, MI • Majors: SED, ENG
Sponsor: Dr. Sheryle D. Dixon
Moral Vegetarianism and the Philosophy of Mind
The argument for moral vegetarianism relies on
the premise that non-human animals can suffer.
Typically, moral vegetarians only address the issue
of animal suffering sparingly, whilst failing to account for developments in the philosophy of mind
regarding the nature of subjective experiences. In
this paper, I evaluate problems that arise from Peter Carruthers’ “higher-order thought” theory of
Charles J. Oswald ’17
Hometown: St. Louis, MI • Major: PHL
Sponsor: Dr. Nicholas J. Dixon
There is No Ideal-I in Animal, But
There is Lack in Lunacy
Jessica L. Bigelow ’16
Hometown: Perry, MI • Major: ENG
Sponsor: Dr. Dana E. Aspinall
ABS TRA CTS : CO NCU RRE NT S E S SI O N V
Health Promotion in Schools
(S)partners for Heart Health has been implemented
at Nikkari Elementary for a number of years. However, recently Nikkari Elementary decided to no
longer participate in the program. Nonetheless, it is
essential that children in Gratiot County are educated on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease that
include, but are not limited to, obesity and physical
activity. Therefore, a school-based intervention will
be implemented at Nikkari Elementary for 5th-grade
students that will educate students on how to engage
in healthy eating and exercise habits in order to maintain health. The first week will consist of pre-testing evaluation to gain baseline measurements for:
body mass index (BMI), aerobic fitness, and muscle
strength, as well as survey data regarding knowledge
and behavior towards nutrition and exercise. The following four weeks will include health lessons during
P.E. class, and the final week will involve post-testing
assessment. Furthermore, students of TSN Middle
School will be surveyed to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding nutrition and physical activity. The
survey assessment regarding knowledge and behavior
will be done in order to obtain results and assess the
effectiveness of the (S)partners intervention by comparing previous year students who participated in
(S)partners to the students who did not.
Sara M. Schneider ’16
Hometown: Carson City, MI • Majors: IPH, BUS
Sponsor: Dr. Maurie J. Luetkemeier
Representations of Women in the
Media During Political Campaigns
Through rhetorical analysis of media coverage of
the 2016 Presidential election over the course of six
months, this investigation focuses on the way the
media frame female political candidates, deepening
our understanding of the impact and influence of
gender representation in electoral politics.
Ashleigh N. Maier ’16
Hometown: Brethren, MI • Major: COM
Sponsor: Dr. Joanne R. Gilbert
Tripping, Toppling, and Tumbling
Toddlers: The Effects of Attachment
Security
Competence is defined as successful navigation of
the physical and social environment. Attachment
theory and research have provided a strong case for
attachment security (confidence in the availability
and responsiveness of one’s caregiver when needed)
supporting the development of competence in myriad ways (see Cassidy and Shaver, 2008). The ability
to physically navigate through the environment is a
form of competence that has received little empirical attention. Cassidy (1986) found that secure toddlers were better able to negotiate the environment.
However, still undetermined is how attachment
security predicts later ability to negotiate the environment. The present study seeks to fill these gaps
by examining the link between attachment insecurity at 12-months of age in the Strange Situation
with failure to negotiate the physical environment
at 24-months. Observational coding of 24-month
home visits is underway to assess instances of failure
to negotiate the environment for 129 cases. Upon
coding completion, an ANOVA will be conducted
to determine whether attachment security versus insecurity at 12-months-of-age predicts failure to negotiate the environment one year later.
Marissa D. Nivison ’17
Hometown: Gladwin, MI • Major: PSY
Surviving a Survival Film
A reflection and analysis of the process it took to create a physically immersive film about a man’s survival
in the elements. The presentation will promote an
intense, on-location, physically demanding shooting
style in cinema, and the unstaged/realistic viewing
experience that is a result of this kind of production.
With a basis of personal experience through a capstone project, this honors presentation focuses on
both the challenging aspects of cinema production in
the wilderness, as well as the realistic nature of long
takes in cinematography. Essentially, how does one
create the most engaging product possible, while surviving the production of a survival film?
Jonathan D. Clark ’16
Hometown: Cheboygan, MI • Major: NMS
Sponsor: Dr. Anthony J. Collamati
Disordered Eating and Parenting
Two important developmental influences have been
linked to disordered eating: parental use of harsh discipline (Paolucci and Violato, 2004) and attachment
insecurity (see Cassidy and Shaver, 2008). Lacking
in the literature, however, is research on how both
hostile parental discipline and attachment predict
disordered eating. This study is the first to examine
how both hostile parental discipline and attachment
influence disordered eating and related constructs
including body mass index (BMI), perceived BMI,
fasting, purging, binging, having felt fat or feared becoming fat, and judging oneself based on body shape
and size. Undergraduates (N=101, 75.2% women)
completed measures on experiences of hostile parental discipline as children (Robinson et al., 1995), attachment style (Experiences in Close Relationships;
Brennan et al., 1998), body mass index (BMI) and
perceived BMI, and eating behaviors and cognitions
(Eating Attitudes Test; Garner et al., 1982). Multiple
regression analyses (controlling for sex, age, semesters of college completed, and parental education)
showed perceived BMI was predicted by the interaction between hostile discipline and attachment such
that students with low levels of attachment security
and high levels of hostile discipline perceived their
BMI roughly four standard deviations larger than
students reported on average. Results suggest developmental origins to disordered eating.
Victoria A. Bishop ’16
Hometown: Webberville, MI • Major: PSY
ABSTRACTS: C O NCU RRE NT S E S S IO N V – P O ST E R
Addressing Urban Poverty
The Alternative Break group that traveled to Louisville, Kentucky will address their experiences and
education gained on the topic of urban poverty. The
group worked with the House of Ruth, an organization that “helps women, children and families in
greatest need and with the fewest resources build safe,
stable lives and achieve their highest potential. At
House of Ruth, [they] are ending homelessness and
life-long abuse.” With the knowledge and growth acquired through our week we hope to bring awareness
and spark activism for the issue of urban poverty in
Michigan and specifically Alma. We realize the need
is present and hope to address it in a meaningful manner by utilizing methods gained at the House of Ruth.
Jade A. Edwards ’16
Hometown: Ypsilanti, MI • Major: HCA
Characterizing Differences in Winter Foraging Areas of the American
Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in Relation
to Individual’s Size and Sex
Many raptors hold winter territories in order to
secure food resources. The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) is no exception. While much research has focused on territories in the southern
U.S., little is known about the winter territoriality
of kestrels in more northern latitudes and specifically in central Michigan, which represents the
northern limit of the winter range for this species.
Information on winter territory size and territoriality differences due to body size are all poorly
understood. This study is part of an ongoing project to determine the characteristics exhibited by
kestrels wintering in central Michigan regarding
these parameters. Kestrels were captured, banded, measured, tagged with radio transmitters and
monitored from the beginning of January through
March. Comparisons of daily movements, location, and foraging area were made for radio-tagged
individuals from 2007–2016.
Krista M. Botting ’18
Hometown: Ionia, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Mr. Michael E. Bishop
Prepartum Teaching on New Mothers
on Postpartum Depression
First time pregnant mothers are at greatest risk for
postpartum depression (PPD). PPD is a temporary
depression that occurs soon after giving birth and
can last for years. Symptoms include anxiety, sadness,
trouble sleeping, decreased energy levels, change in
appetite and thoughts of suicide. This is a very common issue among new mothers, however it often
goes undiagnosed. During child birthing classes, new
mothers can be provided with pre-partum teaching.
This is not a “preventative” intervention, but “informative” intervention, in which new mothers can rec-
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A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N V – P O S TE R
ognize the signs of depression. Additionally, involving the partner allows them to recognize the signs
and symptoms to get further help for the mother.
The experimenters will compare this informative intervention to the traditional screening for depression
during a mother’s first postpartum check-up at six
weeks by the OB-GYN or family practitioner. Ideally, this new teaching will increase the number of new
mother’s and their partner’s education level on postpartum depression. This will allow them to identify
the signs of PPD and get the help the mother needs.
Ana C. Saucedo ’16
Hometown: Dearborn, MI • Major: NUR
Gabrielle D. Fazio ’16
Hometown: Alma, MI • Major: NUR
Sarah E. Stinson ’18*
Hometown: Mt. Pleasant, MI • Major: NUR
*Previous degree: Bachelor of Science ’14
Sponsor: Dr. Judith A. McKenna
Mammoth Caves Trail Maintenance
This Alternative Break occurring over winter break
will focus on environmental stewardship at Mammoth Caves National Park in Kentucky. The group
will serve at the park for a week, working closely
with National Park Service officials to assess the
park’s greatest maintenance needs. The service accomplished on this trip will lead to a great opening tourism season for the park, which occurs in
the spring. Participants will further their knowledge
about the conservation of natural resources through
protecting some of the park’s greatest assets.
Annika J. Gurrola ’18
Lillian J. Slavin ’17
Hometown: Bloomfield Hills, MI • Major: PSY
Kayla J. Linstruth ’17
Hometown: Alma, MI • Majors: SPN, IBA
24-hour Light Exposure and Recovery
on Developing Rats’ Brains
This project looks at the effect of 30 days of 24-hour
light exposure on the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN)
of the hypothalami of young female rats. Sixteen
female Sprague Dawley® rats were continuously
exposed to either low intensity blue light, high intensity blue light, compact fluorescent neon light or
total darkness for 30 days. Half of each group had
recovery time of fluorescent light for four weeks.
The rats were five weeks old when they were introduced to their experimental living conditions: two
rats per cage and two cages per category. The rats
were tested in the Morse Water Maze, Field Anxiety
Test, and then sacrificed to examine the SCN. The
hypotheses was that there would be significant differences in the SCN of the light blue and dark blue
categories that didn’t have recovery time, and that
the rats who lived in dark blue light would perform
most poorly out of all the rats in all behavior tests.
Also, all recovery groups would show fewer SCN
changes than non recovery groups. The behavior
tests did not show significant differences; histology
of the brain is in progress.
Hailey L. Albert ’16
Hometown: Saginaw, MI • Major: PSY
Sponsor: Dr. Gwyneth H. Beagley
Hometown: Spring, TX • Major: UND
Speed of Sound in Meteorites
Hometown: Livonia, MI • Major: UND
Our lab has conducted asteroid modeling studies
using meteorite analogs. Studying physical characteristics including speed of sound, density, and
compression strength have recently become a focus.
The speed of sound through the sample provides
information about the porosity of meteorites and
may give insight into the behavior of the disrupting
Lauren M. Kucharczyk ’19
Libbey A. Jones ’18
Hometown: Mason, MI • Major: EDC
Devan L. McNabb ’16
Hometown: Grand Rapids, MI • Majors: ANT, HST
Karen D. Flesh ’18
Hometown: Aurora, IL • Major: COM
material. Methods for measuring density and compression strength have been established in our lab;
speed of sound measurements are still being developed. The speed of sound through the materials is
tested using a function generator, oscilloscope, and
piezoelectric transducers. One transducer connected to the function generator sends a wave through
the material as the transducer connected to the oscilloscope reads the outbound wave. Adjusting the
frequency input varies the output voltage due to
interference of reflected waves within the sample.
By plotting consecutive resonance frequencies the
speed of sound can be calculated by finding the
slope of the best-fit line. So far tests have yielded
no data due to equipment errors that are being
resolved. Current tests on terrestrial samples and
future tests on meteorites will allow the lab to determine physical characteristics that can be extrapolated to asteroids, which will be useful for future
analysis of asteroid disruptions.
Brian A. May ’19
Hometown: Frankenmuth, MI • Majors: CSC, MTH
Synthesis of Novel Metalloenzyme
Ligand Platforms
The modeling of metalloenzymes has taken a
prominent place in organometallic and coordination
chemistry. As a result, the development of new
ligand systems bearing biologically-relevant donor
functionalities has become a growing area of
research. We have sought to synthesize a variety of
ligand systems bearing N, O, and/or S-containing
moieties. In particular, the synthesis of iminecontaining compounds has provided a series of novel
ligands which were allowed to react with selected
metal ions. Ligands and ligand precursors have
been characterized by NMR, and IR spectroscopy,
and x-ray crystallography. The preferences of these
species for metal complexation will be presented.
Travis M. Dunn ’16
Hometown: Six Lakes, MI • Major: IPH
Sponsor: Dr. Joel A. Dopke
Environmental Stewardship in Michigan
This Alternative Break focused on environmenAnnika J. Gurrola ’18
tal stewardship at two different state parks in
Hometown: Spring, TX •Major: UND
Michigan. The group served at Island Lake State
Naria A. Ford-Thompson ’18
Recreation Area in Brighton, MI and also SterHometown: Gwinn, MI • Major: CHM
ling State Park in Monroe, MI. The trip focused
Libbey A. Jones ’18
on the elimination of invasive species and the
Hometown: Mason, MI • Major: EDC
collection of seeds to promote natural ecosystem
William P. Mulligan ’17
restoration. Participants partnered with DepartHometown: Allenton, MI • Major: BIO
ment of Natural Resources (DNR) employees to
Tyler M. Goerge ’17
restore wetland and prairie ecosystems. The service accomplished on this trip promoted long- Hometown: Schoolcraft, MI • Major: BIO
Tylor M. Cole ’18
term environmental stewardship rather than
immediate results. Several of the participants Hometown: Spring Lake, MI • Major: BCM
Yuanyuan Zou ’17
intend on working at DNRs or in environmenHometown: Kuitun, China • Major: UND
tal remediation, so the trip worked to inspire or
further the passions of all who attended.
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ABSTRACTS: C O NCU RRE NT S E S S IO N V – PO ST ER
WWOOFing and Biodynamics on Organic Farms
In 2015 I spent one month volunteering at Earthkeeper Organic Farms in Kent City, MI. I worked
through the WWOOF program, or World-Wide
Opportunities in Organic Farming. This is a network of organic farms around the world which offer
workers food and board in exchange for their labor.
Dates of service can range from one week to the
entire growing season. While at Earthkeeper, I was
able to learn more about organic farming, including
the theory of biodynamics. Earthkeeper Farms is a
small, family-run, 20-acre farm. They are USDA
Stellar Certified Organic, meaning that they have
the highest standards for organic farming. The farm
implements biodynamics, a farming practice proposed by Rudolph Steiner in the 1940s. Biodynamics emphasizes the connectivity between biotic and
abiotic factors and applies them to farming practices in a holistic manner. This system rejects the use
of chemicals, encourages ethical labor, and focuses
on soil health as it relates to a balanced ecosystem.
Sponsor: Mr. Murray C. Borrello
Multimedia Discharge Education: How
Nurses Can Decrease Postoperative
Readmission
As nursing students, our experiences in the clinical setting expose the fact that discharge education
could be more thorough and expand beyond the
time spent in the hospital. At times, patients are discharged without adequate knowledge to continue
their plan of care while at home. When at the hospital, it is possible to understand information at the
time of discharge education, yet once in the home
the patient may have concerns about the care plan
and how to approach care. Furthermore, potential
knowledge deficits in self-care can lead to hospital
readmission — which is costly to both the patient
and the hospital. For our project, we implement an
instructional video as part of discharge education.
Postoperative patients, prior to discharge from the
hospital, will receive a video of themselves and the
cooperating nurse completing necessary postoperative care as part of their discharge education. This
intervention allows patients to refer back to a reputable source when questioning how to complete
care. Our proposal aims to see a reduced incidence
of hospital readmissions within 5-10 days following
surgery, as compared to patients who do not receive
such video supplementation.
Isabelle B. Limondin ’16
Hometown: Milford, NH •Majors: THD, NUR
Quinn A. Huver ’16
Hometown: Alma, MI • Majors: IPH, NUR
Ashlee M. Fish ’16
Mallory G. Simon ’16
Hometown: Ada, MI • Major: NUR
Sponsor: Dr. Judith A. McKenna
Environmental Effects on the Progression of Parkinson’s Disease:
an Animal Model
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder that
progresses over time due to the loss of dopamine
neurons in the substania nigra (SN). Research has
looked into improved living environment as a way to
assuage the severity of PD. My research explores effects of varying living conditions in an animal model
of PD. One-and-a-half-year-old Sprague Dawley®
rats were placed into living scenarios that consisted of an enriched environment (EN), regular cage
environment, caged environment and two weeks of
confinement stress, or (EN) plus stress. Dual lesions
were made in the SN with 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA). Testing revealed that physical dysfunctions
were higher in the stressed PD rats. It also showed
that the severity of PD developed more rapidly in
the stressed rats. The Morris Water Maze (MWM)
was also used as a measure of learning ability. Means
for MWM trials showed that enriched environment
had no effect on PD rats’ performance. Stress impaired performance non-PD rats, but the performance of non-PD rats raised in the EN was not
impaired by stress. Stress improved performance in
PD rats. Stomachs were examined for stress-related
ulcers. Histology of brains is in progress.
Jordan M. Skully ’16
Hometown: Commerce, MI • Major: POE
Emily R. Hinsman ’18
Hometown: Cheboygan, MI • Major: UND
Sponsor: Dr. Gwyneth H. Beagley
Implementation of Kangaroo Care
During Cesarean Delivery at MidMichigan Gratiot Hospital
Immediate skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care) between mother and infant has been associated with
successful infant weight gain, maternal/infant attachment and breastfeeding outcomes. During cesarean
deliveries, nurses face challenges in implementation
of kangaroo care. Using an interprofessional approach this study focuses on implementing kangaroo care within the operating room for scheduled
cesarean sections at MidMichigan Medical Center
– Gratiot. This study aims to educate mothers, nurses, physicians, and anesthesiologists of the benefits of
kangaroo care and successful outcomes for mother
and infant as well as is to determine the potential developmental benefits from kangaroo care immediately following a cesarean birth versus the newborn having a full assessment performed before initial contact
with the mother at a later time. Subjects are chosen
based on stability of the baby before and upon delivery and the willingness of the mother to implement
kangaroo care immediately after delivery.
Trisha L. House ’16
Cassie L. Wanless ’16
Hometown: Mt. Pleasant, MI • Major: NUR
Sponsors: Dr. Judith A. McKenna, Ms. Allison H. Neyer
Alternative Break: Urban Farming
As part of the Alma College Alternative Breaks program, our group took a service-learning trip to Battle Creek, MI in order to volunteer at The Gleaning,
an urban farm which serves fresh fruit, vegetables,
and lean meat (fish) to the surrounding community.
Their motto is “healthy food should not be a luxury,” and the group worked towards that goal, along
with learning about the environment and urban
farming in general. We are bringing our work back
to our campus community in order to spread what
we have learned and hopefully implement something similar here at Alma.
Megan C. Isom ’17
Hometown: Howell, MI • Major: FOR
Sophia R. Richter ’19
Hometown: West Kingston, RI • Major: UND
Christine M. Calleja ’19
Elizabeth A. Taylor ’17
Hometown: Fruitport, MI • Major: PSY
Akiela ’19
Alternative Break: Animal Welfare
Our group traveled over winter break to Harlan,
Kentucky to focus on the social issues surrounding
Animal Welfare. We partnered with an organization
called Camp Canya to help educate the community
on how to care for their outdoor dogs. We built seven dog houses out of recycled materials and distributed throughout to the community to people who
didn’t have shelters for their outdoor dogs. Additionally, we distributed straw bedding, water, and food
to people who didn’t have enough for their dogs.
Interacting with the community members provided
us with an opportunity to educate them on simple
ways they can better the life of their dogs. Through
this trip we learned that multiple social, economical,
and cultural components are intertwined and therefore have a profound impact on each other. We observed that the economic state of the county and the
overall cultural acceptance for animal cruelty made
it difficult to make a shift in the mindset of the community. We also realized that making a difference on
a small scale is still important because we bettered
the lives of several dogs this winter.
Amanda M. McKeith ’16
Hometown: Freeland, MI • Major: BIO
Megan M. Koepfle ’18
Hometown: Leslie, MI • Major: NUR
Aaron M. Daggett ’17
Christopher M. Johnson ’18*
Sidney, MI • Majors: BIO, BUS
*Previous degree: Bachelor of Science ’14
Hometown: Muskegon, MI • Major: UND
Hometown: Hastings, MI • Majors: NUR, IPH
Hometown: Pinckney, MI • Major: UND
Taylor G. Tripp ’16
Joelle E. Fisher ’18
Dorothy T. Buening ’18
23
A BS TR A C TS: CONCURRE NT S E S S IO N V – P O S TE R
Hometown: Howell, MI • Major: MKT
ceives the dinner, they are guaranteed a chance to eat
a nutritious meal at home during the evening, rather
than experience hunger, thereby improving their success in school. The missions of KFB are critical for
sustainably tackling childhood hunger: serving children directly, acting as an engine for volunteering,
and empowering kids to serve each other. After learning these goals during our time serving, each member
of our group has continued their service work with
an eye for sustainability demonstrated by KFB.
Hometown: Gaylord, MI • Major: BIO
Hometown: Belleville, MI • Major: BIO
Hometown: Howell, MI • Major: IPH
Elizabeth T. Putti ’18
Hometown: Farmington, MI • Major: UND
Emily R. Jack ’18
Hometown: Caledonia, MI • Major: UND
Laura M. Slavsky ’18
Hometown: Marquette, MI • Majors: SPN, ENV
Akiela ’19
Mika M. Obrecht ’18
Franchesca Beningo ’18
Danielle E. Boss ’18
Madison M. Webster ’18
Shannon M. Melcher ’16
Hometown: St. Johns, MI • Majors: SED, ENG
Scott A. Scripter ’17
Hometown: Gowen, MI • Major: UND
Alternative Breaks and Public Health
at Mammoth Caves National Park
The Alternative Break program sent a group of students to Mammoth Caves National Park to learn
about public health issues in our national parks and
to help serve the national park while they strive to
begin a new century of the national parks. Students
helped monitor for bats with White Nose Syndrome,
monitor for ticks and lyme disease, test water sources
in the cave for E. coli and the course of E. coli, and
rodent-proof cabins. As part of the Alternative Breaks
mission towards active citizenship the students are
striving to bring back their new knowledge of public
health and apply it to the Alma community.
Daniel J. Brandt ’16
Hometown: Sterling Heights, MI • Major: BCM
Our trip was involved with people experiencing
homelessness and ending the cycle of homelessness.
We served at the Center for the Homeless in South
Bend, Indiana. Things we helped out with on our
trip were organizing and cleaning of different areas
in the shelter. The community relies on volunteers
to help with the upkeep of the buildings, so that was
a main concentration of ours. We also got to serve
meals to the guests of the center. After we served
lunch and dinner, we got to eat our meals with guests
and were able talk and get to know them. Our trip
was successful because we were all greatly impacted
by the people that we met and we all felt strongly
about the issues we were pursuing.
Kelly E. LaPorte ’17
Maxim W. Short ’18
Hometown: Rockford, MI • Majors: PSY, ANT
Victoria A. Bishop ’16
Hometown: Webberville, MI • Major: PSY
Alex S. Horan ’17
Hometown: Grand Haven, MI • Major: UND
Akiela ’19
Holly J. Zuiderveen ’19
Hometown: Falmouth, MI • Major: UND
Amy L. Wood ’18
Hometown: Grand Rapids, MI • Major: SOC
Matilda S. Ennis ’18
Hometown: Livonia, MI • Major: IPH
Hometown: Glenside, PA • Majors: EDC, SPE
Hometown: Kalamazoo, MI • Major: BIO
Sponsor: Dr. Megan M. McCullen
Amber M. Tuttle ’17
Alternative Breaks and Urban Farming
in Detroit
The Effects of Offenders Social Class
on Probation Officer’s Attitudes
International Rescue Committee Alternative Break
The Alma College Alternative Breaks program sent
a group of students to Detroit to volunteer at the
Michigan Urban Farming Initiative this fall. Before
the trip students learned of the history of Detroit
leading up to its current scarcity of fresh groceries in
Detroit and the affects it has on the health of Detroit
residents. To combat this food scarcity, local residents
and non-profits have begun urban farming, a practice of utilizing the abandoned lots throughout Detroit as fields for crops of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Researchers have explored differences in court sentences and probation practices in relation to offenders’ race, mental health status, and substance use. I
am hypothesizing that probation officers have more
negative attitudes toward poorer offenders. I’ll be
using a methodology that has frequently been used
in this area of research in which participants state
their attitudes toward “offenders” of, in my study,
different social classes depicted in written vignettes.
I will be controlling a confound frequently found in
previous vignette studies.
An Alma College Alternative Breaks team served
at the International Rescue Committee in Atlanta,
Georgia, working for improved migrant and refugee
integration. Members participated in day-to-day
administration of the organization, taught English
courses to non-native speakers, and assisted in organizing donations. Along with experiencing life in
an urban center of the United States, an experience
with which many immigrants struggle due to the
impediment presented to basic needs, students became acquainted with barriers for migrants and refugees entering the United States for various reasons.
Returning to Alma, students have considered the
best way to educate peers about their experience.
Some are interested in direct service at a local immigration center, while others are interested in advocacy in the public sphere to change policy barriers
to migrants and refugees.
Daniel J. Brandt ’16
Hometown: Sterling Heights, MI • Major: BCM
Alternative Fall Break: Kids’ Food Basket
“One in five Michigan children is affected by hunger,” according to Kids’ Food Basket (KFB), a nonprofit organization fighting child hunger in schools
throughout Michigan. This is the issue that our Alternative Breaks group addressed during our October day trip to Grand Rapids. We worked with KFB
preparing sack dinners for elementary and middle
school students in Kent County. When a child re-
24
Alternative Break: Center for the Homeless
emotional, or social stress. Our service team focused
on maintenance for the ranch, from mending the
chicken-duck coop to repairing horse fencing. The
group worked to prepare Hopewell to host a national
equine-assisted therapy conference for collaboration
among ranchers and therapists across the continent.
The impact of the break continues to last for both
Hopewell and the service team. A partnership has
been established between Alma College Alternative
Breaks and Hopewell which will continue to enable meaningful, quality Alternative Breaks to serve
the ranch in whatever way needed. This service trip
helped to fulfill the overall mission of the Alternative
Breaks movement, to build a community of active
citizens, people who question inequalities and work
to address them. After returning to campus, the
group participated in Project Everyone, an organization which dedicates its time to children requiring
social skills development through physical activities.
Christopher A. Johnson ’16
Hometown: Sunnyvale, CA • Major: PSY
Sponsor: Mr. Thomas H. Batchelder
HopeWell Ranch Alternative Break
Katherine Vaillancourt and Maxim Short led an
Alternative Break service trip to Hopewell Ranch
during Alma College’s fall 2015 break. Hopewell
Ranch, an equine-assisted therapy ranch, operates
with a Christian-based mission of healing, hope, and
empowerment for children suffering from physical,
Maxim W. Short ’18
Hometown: Rockford, MI • Majors: PSY, ANT
Katia L. Hamamouche ’16
Hometown: Carmel, IN • Major: EDC
INDE X O F P RE S E NTE RS A ND S E S SI O N S
Ali M. Ahmed................................................. DOW L4 IV
Anniegrace M. Heise.......................................CLACK IV
Hailey L. Albert.................................................. POSTER
Cody A. Henderson......................................... DOW L1 II
Shanyn N. Rapson........................................ SAC 113 IV
Marshall E. Argenta........................................CLACK IV
Hannah L. Hilditch.......................................... SAC 109 I
Sophia R. Richter.............................................. POSTER
Kaitlyn E. Arnold............................................ SAC 113 II
Emily R. Hinsman.............................................. POSTER
Cody N. Rozeveld.......................................... DOW L1 IV
Hope L. Ayers................................................ DOW L4 III
Alex S. Horan..................................................... POSTER
Ana C. Saucedo................................................. POSTER
Alexa N. Ball................................................. SAC 113 IV
Trisha L. House.................................................. POSTER
Sara M. Schneider........................................ SAC 113 V
Thomas T. Bannon.......................................... DOW L1 II
Quinn A. Huver.................................................. POSTER
Hannah R. Schroeder................. SAC 109 II, DOW L1 IV
Franchesca Beningo......................................... POSTER
Rebekah L. Irani..............................................CLACK III
Michelle R. Scribner..................... DOW L4 I, DOW L1 II
Chelsea R. Bertagnoli.....................................CLACK IV
Megan C. Isom................................DOW L4 IV, POSTER
Scott A. Scripter................................................ POSTER
Jessica L. Bigelow........................................ SAC 109 V
Emily R. Jack.................................................... POSTER
Victoria A. Bishop............................DOW L1 V, POSTER
Sarah J. Jack.................................................. DOW L1 I
Rebecca J. Blasius....................................... SAC 109 V
James W. Jakes............................................. SAC 113 I
Danielle E. Boss.............................. SAC 113 I, POSTER
Christopher A. Johnson.................................... POSTER
Krista M. Botting............................................... POSTER
Christopher M. Johnson................................... POSTER
Allison L. Brady..............................CLACK III, CLACK IV
Maxxton S. Jolls.............................................CLACK IV
Daniel J. Brandt................................................ POSTER
Libbey A. Jones................................................. POSTER
Katherine Bruck.............................................REMICK II
Jacob F. Judd............................. DOW L1 III, DOW L4 IV
Dorothy T. Buening............................................ POSTER
Kevin R. Judge............................................. SAC 109 III
Christine M. Calleja........................................... POSTER
Joseph M. Kennedy...................................... DOW L4 IV
Akiela Carlton................................................... POSTER
Thomas J. Koehler..........................................CLACK IV
Jonathan D. Clark.......................................... DOW L4 V
Megan M. Koepfle............................................. POSTER
Tylor M. Cole..................................................... POSTER
Samuel J. Korbel.......................................... SAC 113 III
Sarah M. Collier............................................ SAC 109 II
Lauren M. Kucharczyk...................................... POSTER
Luke S. Condon............................................. DOW L4 IV
Kelly E. LaPorte................................................. POSTER
Marissa L. Cook.............................CLACK III, CLACK IV
Isabelle B. Limondin....................... REMICK II, POSTER
Sara R. Stemen............................................. SAC 109 II
Shane T. Cooper............................................ DOW L4 IV
Kayla J. Linstruth.............................................. POSTER
Sarah E. Stinson................................................ POSTER
Jerry L. Cupples..............................................CLACK IV
Sara A. Lovse............................................... SAC 113 III
Jennifer L. Stirling....................................... SAC 109 IV
Aaron M. Daggett.............................................. POSTER
Laura Lowe....................................................REMICK II
Miranda Stutzman.........................................REMICK II
Ashley N. Dentler......................................... SAC 109 IV
Ashleigh N. Maier........................................... DOW L4 V
Elizabeth A. Taylor............................................. POSTER
Ashley Derrer.................................CLACK III, CLACK IV
Morgan Markowicz........................................REMICK II
Taylor G. Tripp................................................... POSTER
Cori M. DiSantis............................................. DOW L1 II
Chelsea E. Martin........................................... DOW L4 II
Amber M. Tuttle............................... DOW L4 II, POSTER
Travis M. Dunn.................................................. POSTER
Brian A. May...................................................... POSTER
John E. Urdiales............................................ SAC 109 V
Jade A. Edwards............................................... POSTER
Trevor A. McCready....................................... SAC 113 II
Matilda S. Ennis................................................ POSTER
Amanda M. McKeith......................................... POSTER
Katherine M. Vaillancourt...........SAC 110 I, DOW L1 III,
POSTER
Mary Frances C. Eshleman............CLACK III, CLACK IV
Devan L. McNabb.............................................. POSTER
Hannah M. Estes............................................ SAC 113 I
Shannon M. Melcher......................................... POSTER
Gabrielle D. Fazio.............................................. POSTER
Mason J. Molesky........................................... DOW L1 I
Ashlee M. Fish................................................... POSTER
Jacquellin J. Mow...........................................CLACK IV
Ryan M. Weaver.............................. DOW L4 II, POSTER
Joelle E. Fisher.................................................. POSTER
William P. Mulligan......................... DOW L4 II, POSTER
Elizabeth A. Webb.......................................... SAC 109 I
Karen D. Flesh................................................... POSTER
Sarah K. Neeley............................................. SAC 113 II
Madison M. Webster......................................... POSTER
Naria A. Ford-Thompson................................... POSTER
Marissa D. Nivison......................................... DOW L1 V
Elizabeth A. Wickens.................................... DOW L4 III
Jacob P. Fox.................................................. DOW L4 IV
Mika M. Obrecht............................................... POSTER
Christine L. Wiersma....................................... DOW L4 I
Kara L. Giles................................................. SAC 109 IV
Elizabeth K. Ochs......................................... SAC 109 III
Annamarie E. Williams................................... SAC 109 I
Tyler M. Goerge............................... DOW L4 II, POSTER
Charles J. Oswald......................................... SAC 113 V
Nicholas R. Wilson....................................... SAC 113 III
Nicole L. Green............................................... DOW L1 II
Emalee J. Ousley............................................. DOW L4 I
Madeleine Wingeier.......................................REMICK II
Annika J. Gurrola.............................................. POSTER
Calliandra Perry..............................................CLACK IV
Amy L. Wood..................................................... POSTER
Alexander C. Hall........................................... DOW L1 II
Emily R. Piontek........................................... SAC 109 III
Yuanyuan Zou................................................... POSTER
Katia L. Hamamouche....................................... POSTER
Emily R. Price..................................................CLACK III
Holly J. Zuiderveen........................................... POSTER
Elizabeth T. Putti............................................... POSTER
Margaret J. Selmon....................................... DOW L1 II
Cassidy R. Shankleton...................CLACK III, CLACK IV
Jaclyn R. Shetterly........................................ SAC 109 II
Lizette Shirely................................................ DOW L1 II
Maxim W. Short................................................. POSTER
Mallory G. Simon............................................... POSTER
Jordan M. Skully............................................... POSTER
Lillian J. Slavin................................ SAC 110 I, POSTER
Laura M. Slavsky.............................................. POSTER
Marianna L. Smith........SAC 110 I, DOW L4 IV, POSTER
Samantha R. Smith.........................................CLACK IV
Steven R. Smith............................................. DOW L1 III
Amy L. Socolovitch...................................... SAC 113 IV
Cameron J. Spitzfaden................................. DOW L4 III
Chelse M. Van Spronsen................................. DOW L1 I
Vivienne Walton.............................................REMICK II
Cassie L. Wanless............................................. POSTER
25
ALMA COLLEGE
KAPP HONORS DAY
A CELEBRATION OF THE LIBERAL ARTS
26

Abstract Booklet PDF

Transcription

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