popo zow

310◆肋`姉zUz"“g血z勧zYz伽噸/Cb緬噸""伽"o〃
●BecommittedindevelopingadeepfifendshipwiLhyourintimateparlnerasacuSlliontodealwithbothintcrnalandextemalstresso鱈downlheroad
oBeunconditionallyacceptingofyourpartncr,ＳＣＯ1℃personality,Youmustmakeyourpartner比elthatyounyhardtounderstandtheculIuralcontextｔｈａｔｓｈｅｏｒｈｅｉｓｃｏｍｍｇｆＴｏｍ･
cBeHexibleinleamingthecommunicalionstylesofyourinti‐
matepartnerandlearntocode-switchfTomdirecttoindirect
sIylesol･fmmverbaltononverbalattendingbehaviors．
●BediligentindepositingcmotionaUysupportivemessagesin
yourreIatiomShipResearch(Gottman＆Silver,1999)indicalesthevalidityofthe“5-to-1ratio"－youneedtodeposit
fivepositivemessagesirlyourintimaterelationshiptocoun‐
teractonenegativemesSagO
oBeposｉｔｉｖｅｉｎｙｏｕｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｍｅｍｏｒｉｅs、Research
（Got[ｍａｎ＆Silver,1999)indicatesthatthemo1℃youengage
inpositiverelationshiｐｍｅｍｏＩｙ唾Uections，themoreyou
thinkpositivelyabouttheculTentstatcofyourintimaterelationship．◆
Jｌｉ
鐵蕊蕊欝鐡鰯蕊議蕊
oBeresponsivctothe“emoUionaltasks''awaitingyouinyour
intimaterelationshipandlearntoshareLhemresponsibly
andwithenjoyment．
￣●
.：ＣｈａｐｔｅｒＩＺ
VV1Ua±Ａ肥亡ｈｅ
SOF、｢ｎｒｍｈｉ１ｍ[t:i１ｎｍ
Ｓ１ｇ隅＝
F舐i箙ｇａＧｉｃｂ風Ｉｉｄｅ崩亡i亡y雪
曲
麗町
■己醒。
鵜
゛４－
｣･曰苞
｡▲
､鴬
３１１
312◆ＵＭＰ応“"ｴｲY噌肋姥hpJ‘胸師/Ｃｂ沈糀""”"｡〃
ChaPteroutIine
□ＴｈｅＥ・netSelfLocalVersusGlobalOutlook
eLocaIVErsusGIobalIdentiW
③DefiningdleBackgroundofE-net'ers
□Ｅ､nefers:ＷｈｏＡｒｅＴｈｅｙｌ
⑥ＴｈｅＬｅｎsofTbIevision:IdentityImitation
eRapandHip-HopMusに:IdentityExp庵ssion
②FashionandGadgets:IdentityConstruction
③video:Iden[iWTTansfbrmation
QlnterCuItu｢alTbolkit:Recap5andCheCkpoints
InIndiaoyogaisa5000-yEaﾄoIdBpi｢－
ifuaIpracticeThroughdifferent
b幅a[hIng[eChniqUesiChanung,and
exercise,onea[temprSphysicaIpU‐
rificationtoreacha曰mtetheHindi二
caIIedOnqndcLOu鱈ideOfIndia,yoga
isbecomingaboomingfashionand
fimessc画zeworIdwide,ThisSpirid
tUalregimenhasgOnemains[1℃am
andisabigbUsineSsJWi[hacCEiSSO‐
rieSsuchasmattresses7deSigner
handbag5andLd･thEs,and週:Ｍ１子
曰caIeexpoalIavaiIablEfo「ｔｈｏｓｅ
who``do"yoga｣si[S[iIIconsidered
yogaifyouiU5td･thepo5e5,butdO
no上ｍｅｄｌｍｔｅｏｒｃｈａｎｔ１ＣａｎｙｏＵｂｅ
にaIIedayogateaEherifyouａｒｅＥｅｒｔｉ－
ｆｉｅｄａｆｔｅｒａｗ⑥ekendcrashcourse1
IvIOs上sPiritUaIIyincIinedguru5and
yogimasterSwillsayno;bU上certified
[mine｢Sｂｅｇｔｏdifferb
-,q1Io
－PauITi｣llisDLosAngeles71mes，
-｣｡－
－September21,2003
I"伽ｇｌｂＭ岬,`蛇w,,｡↓伽TMC｡"…剛…,糟…噌蝿肌伽ｈ妙ｌｙ
Ｈｍｌ；
ｒｅｃｈ"｡-s`Ｍｗ,叩皿伽o",c/mIzgjI7gtAeo脚rjooJIeaMcol7zpos伽抱o/pel砦
so1zali`feM小ｃｌｂＭ'DZe碗。蝿とα'酒jTo2I姉(e‘tM2ecojz/i"2s･ハルα
U"i[ｇｄＳｆｑｒｅｓ.Ｏ皿rspo川ＣＯ"s’７Ig21WbodsaMMjcﾉzel彫ＫＭｚ打,/ｂｒ
“α)叩【２，α耀/Llsmsp叩山rove心eqsas[A⑳α輝ﾉｺﾞﾋﾟ'ぜ.MLMsoAav淫伽巳'七
Ｉｍａ[io1TalcEにMryico"ｓに.9.,1"Ｚａ１Ｔ’１７ＩＣ生!α"乱打zake叩血sig"B灯ＣＩＤ血
Esre/Zzjz,Ｃ``bα〃ｓｉ岬灯α"‘ＵＭｆＢｅｃＭａｊ１ｚ,soccerplとZyelTﾉ.ＡｓｇｌＤＭ
〒－ｓ弓■。■。‐。‐
QG1oballdenti仁ie二ｉｎＡｃＵｏｎ
li lU l
ｉ
Ｐ」
ＱＩｈ旦巳【'二1Ｊ血miij:yLDjalEmjEalLhallenge5⑧SpatiaIZoneDialectics
⑥ＴもmporalZoneDiaIectics
③IdentityZoneDiaIectics
Chapterl2◆｡'"榊冴"如吻"伽“肋j噸“Ｇ吻伽雌邇吻３１３
c城eITs,Ｗｅａ耀打zow"gnraFmUc耀仙lMIre〃spce(fルIﾉIel7ceｺﾞﾉｏｍｋｅｑ
"101,2e"KKosiMow,Ｔａれこｈｅ/】とｃｒｏＭｏｗ〃fo化ﾉﾂTrgcAj?oZolgyAnM,/12`‐
ど"Ｃｅ‘ｔｈｅ`たveﾉ｡p"ZejTrO/o型rcmTgi"ｇ此伽Ｚｙｎ加ｄｃｏ"z"zLJ1Ticamz
sびん３．
２舵coj…n通o/rhiscA叩rerisrwo/ＭＪ厨庵r,holMo妃c肋ｏｌｂＨｗＭ
ｐｏ〃〃c皿肋にs陶叩ecoIfreJ叩ｏｌｍＷｄｅ"r肱sollqgJoba叱畑?艶ＣＯＭ，
wAnrisrAei岬旦c、/､伽sgloMse"ｂ〃j"rel℃LJlrzl〃ＣＯ""'2J`"jmrio"？
ＭＭ，egi"ｗｉ(仙北/I伽｡"｡/ＺＭ〕ncAg池`Ｍｏ/・Qco"“J叩Ｃｌ唾'γ㎡ご耐ly
1hIDZlg/、〃どｗ…cepfweKAea雌｡猶hqvecoi"e`Mieaizezﾋｻﾞ山Tri聯
ﾉＷＪ[r,ｗｅ“ＰＩＯ形so１打eo〃Aeil7”｡"α邦rfssmes[Aqr刎刎血α2S/hce“
ＤｆＷＵ２塑企""⑰肋ＥｗＪ里廼ｎＭ⑥｡"Ⅲ"征LI1zi亡ａ１ｏ
城cmfpQpz血rα伽'℃oMMePelo伽e"rofaco"彫1,2pol唾ぴi此"伽ｊＳ
“P伽?e`例"ａｌｌｌＭ２ｅＣﾉ岬蛇'℃ojTcIzl血swjrhsoj打echeckpoi"毎ｊｂＭａｊｌｙ
伽Ｃｌ℃LlllrJl1籾ﾉｐｍｃｒにe、
ＴｈｅＥ・lletSelf8L⑥cａｌＶｅｒｓｕｓＧＩｏｂａｌＯｕｔｌｏｏｋ
鰹`瓢udie圏h……｡,川｡ughin…ＣＭ杣．…ityof
anindividual(viaanceslralties)automaticallyguaranteesgroupmembership・However,weleamedinCllapter5thatethnicityisnotastatic
phenomenonRather,itisasubjectiveexpericncethatinvolveslheactivemanagementofingroup/outgroupboundaries,Inthistwcntyfirst
cemuIy,bothindMdualistsandcollectMsts,regardlessoftheircul-
tures,ａ唾atthecrossroadsofredefining,exploring,andreinventing
theircontemporaryidentities．
ＬｏｃａＩＶｅｒｓｕｓＧＩｏｂａｌＩｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ
Ｌｅｔ祖examinethefOllowingstoxy；19-yea形oldThiNguyenwasa
contestantfbrMissVietnamZOO3，SouthernCalifbrnia,Throughout
thepageant,shewaschallengedbyotIue暇(andalsobyherownopinion)concemingwhethershewas"Vietnameseenough”imthislalger
USculturalworld"Itlshard/,shemused,,，becausemostofuswere
bornhereintbeUS.,ａｎｄｗｅ,revelHyAmericanized,Howevemwe,reaU
inthatsameboatofnotbeingAmericanenoughfbrtheAmericansand
notbeingⅥemameseenoughfbrtheVietnamese・Itishardtofindthat
balance,,(Nguyen,ZOO3,ｐ・Ａ４).Anothercontestantwithredhighlights
inherllaimKellyLyj鑓marked,“Myparentstellmeallthetimetllatl
dontIitintothetraditional[imageofa]Vietname＆ｅｇｉｒＬ…Ifigu唾I
shouldtlytostandoutbybeingmyself,,(Nguyen,2003,F.Ｍ)．
Recallourearlierdiscussioninwhichidentitydi雌Irmtiationand
idcntityinclusionappeartobetherepeatedthemesthatrunthrough
theoldandnewgenerationsofthetwenly-firslcentuKyLWhatthesetwo
youngwomenaredescribingisaconstantshiftbetweeｎｗａｎｔｉｎｇｌｏｂｅ
■●
３１４◆ｕ２“】趣"zmijZg血Jr7MF"海/Ｃｂ滅禰""J“郡0〃
ａｎ“individual',ａｎｄｗａｎｔｉｎｇｔｏｒｅｍａｉｎａｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｇｒoupaswelL
Howeve町thereisasensethattheyaresepara[edfmmthegmupbrnot
beingethnicenoughThesetwoⅥetnameseAmericanwomenwantto
化elasenseofgroupbelongingandconnectiomM,atthesametime，
asserttheiruniquepersonalities・
Ｏｎａｇｌｏｂalscale,newgenerationsofindividualsareattemptingto
c1℃ateathirdidentity--afUsionofindMdualismandcollectMsm･At
thesametimelhautheyembracethefUnctionofindividualprivacyand
expression，theyalsolonglbrglobalbelongingandconnectionthaL
transcendstraditionalethnic-culturalboundarieS・Thelnternet,some-
--ll⑥､A4pFevidesuleideaLlimらte-bridge-these-dialnetB：iGally-⑨PPosite=vaL
uesanddesi唾s、
ＤｅｆｍｉｎｇｔｈｅＢａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｏｆＥｎｅｔ，ers
Thelnternetisacentmlhub-thechannelthatoffbrsusawide-
openspacetocommunicatcgloballyandtoconnectwithindMduals
frDmdiversewalksoflifb,Ｍｏｒｅimportant,Ihishubpulseswithspeed
andefficiencybThelnternetgivesusacommonlanguage-EngliSh-
wiｔｈｗｈｉｃｈｔｏｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅａｎｄｂｏｎｄｗｉｔhfellowgIobalcitizens
(Swerdlow,1999).TheEnglishlanguage,inoperationwithvirtualreal‐
itybhookspeopletogetheronaninstantaneousgloballeveLThisglobal
connectionissoappealing,ｓｏ“hip,"andsovelypersuasivcthaLitconstantlyshapesandrecontoul電oursenseofcompositeself
Thelntemetallowsuse鵡todevelop雁latiomshipsacrossthebarrierSoftime，space，geographybandcultural-ethnicboundaries・Of
course，werealizethatthisglobalspaceisalsoaveryprivileged
space-accessibleonlytomembersandculturalgroupswhohavethe
accessandmeanstoafhdsuchtechnologicalI℃sources,Italsoprivi‐
legesindMdualswhocanuseEnglishcomfbrtablyasamediumof
lntcrne[communicationlthasbeenestimatedthatapproximateIy605
「:■
；
millionpeopleusethelntemetonadailybasis,andtheye-maileach
otheracrossdive鴎eage-groupsandacrossdiverseculturalbound‐
alies-fmmMongoliatoArgentina,ａｎｄｆｍｍｌcclandtoNewZealand
(httpWwwwnua・ie/surveysﾉhow-many-online/).Forexamplc,ｏｎｅｏｕｔ
ｏｆｅｖｅＤ：yfburchild1℃ninUSkindelEartensnowusesthelntｅｍｅｔｔｏ
ｐｌａｙａｎｄｄｏｈｏｍｅｗｏｒｋ（FellelBZOO3).Whendiscussingimportant
issuesininterculturalcommunication，wecannolongeraffOrdto
ignorethepowerfUlinfluenceofmoderntechnology・
Thinkbackfbramomenttothediscussionofvalueorientationsin
ChaptCr3、OurvaluesallowustoattachIneaningSandexpIanations
concerningpcopleandeventsthatarehappeningarounduＳＢＣ[hcuIturalandpersonalvaluesgiveusasenseofdirectionintcmnsofwhat
isgoodorbad,rightorwrong,fairorunfaimCulmralandpersonalVal‐
uesaIsochangeovertime･TheyarenotsuaticentitiesTheroleofthe
lnuernetconnec[ionaddsanotherlayerofcomplexitytoourunde1L
１Ｉ
Chalp[ｅｒｌＺ◆Ｃｂ沈禰""加如〃、J釘励"咽〃GZb`"/jtjb"ばり３１ラ
Standingofchangingvaluesinthetwentyh函tcentuuyLThefbllowing
sectionsexplaintheauthors,ncwlycoinedterm,lheg-77“ｔｒｆ血1㎡妙．
Ｅｎｅｔ，ers:ＶＶｈｏＡｒｅＴｈｅｖ７
Ｔｈｅｅ・net,eridemitystandsfOranewgenerationofindMduals，
fromanyagegroup,wiredtothelnternetviaintersectingspace．
Ｅnet,ershavebothalocalselfandaglobalselfSomemaycallthisa
"hybrid,,identitybecauseitisablendofmanyaspectsonhelocaland
globaleMm､ｍｅⅡ1t↓haLissmE噂db9faLSomcmzL9fcaLthis-2fglobalization"becauseweaI℃nowaIlresidentsofabigglobalvillageThoughit
isahybridglobalphenomenon,theenetidentityisalsoanoutcomeof
powerandpopularcultu唾．
TheaspectofpowercomesfTomthefactthataccesstothelnternet
andnewtechnologiesislimited・NotevelyonecanaffOrdtobehooked
uptotheglobaIsuperhighwayBehindthemediumofidentilyrecon‐
structionsandimagcshapingareteamsofcorporations,businesses，
marketers,andpublicI9elationsspecialistswhointendtoSpreadtllE
latesttechnologicalgadgets・Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｒｉｍａｌｙｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓｏｆｉｍａｇｅ
reshapingisfbrprofilmakingandprofitrecyclinglbbeconnected
andｔｏｂｃ"in』”affIuentindividualsonagloballevelarewillingtopay
moneytopurchasethelatestandhottestgadgetｓａｎｄ。iscardoutdated
models」nessence,bei1ugtechnologicallyupdatedaｌｌｏｗｓｅ・netindMd‐
ualstodiStmgLfjshthemselvesaｓｂｅｉｎｇＩｈｅ“fi曙t-waveusers”while
simultaneouslybelongmgtoa蝋st-track,disposableculture，
Theenetidentityisalsolinkedtopopculture・Popcultureisnot
onlyjTTassculture,thecuItmeoftheimaginedcommunitybitisalsoa
systemofbeliefSandhabitsconsumcdinvariousways,ｂｙｄｉｆｈ℃ｍ
ｐ⑥ople(Zelizelj2001).Inaddition,popularculturefbstersaclimatein
which“globallyethnicJ,isactuallyappealingtodiversegroupsona
globalleveLForexampIe,actorVinDieselrefusestodiscusshisethnicity(slillunknown),andsingerMariahCarey(EuropeanAmericanand
Vbnezuelan)didsoonlyundersignificantmediapl9essureThenew
ambivalent-looking,ｇｌｂｂｑＭ伽ccelebrityhasmassappealin副nyeth‐
ｎｉｃｍａｒｋｅＬＳｈｅｏｒｈｅｃａｎｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｗｉｔｈthemassesonvariouslevels
andcanａｌｓｏａｐｐｃａｌｔｏｔｈｏｓｅｗｈｏｄｏｎｏｔｄｅｆｉｎethemselvesclearly
withinaparticularethnicgroupThecelebrityiconhasatonceno
clearethnic-culturalidentityandsoreHectsadistinctiveglobaLethnic
identitybecauseofherorhisfUsionlookandhyblidtaste・
Ｔｈｉｎｋｆｂｒａｍｏｍｅｎｔａｂｏｕｔｙｏｕｒｏｗｎidentity:Howdoyouthink
technologyhaLSshapedyouridentity？Ｈｏｗｄｏｙｏｕｔｈｉｎｋｐｏｐｃｕｌｔｕ1℃
hasinHuencedyoursenseofself？Whatwouldhappenifyouwokeup
tomorrowmorningandyourcompute恥yourmobilephone，your
page町andyourtelevisionhadalldiSappearedfiPomyourhouse？Could
yousuMvefbroneweekwitIloutaIltheseelectronicgadgets？
３１６今Ui9U*JwUT77zjH咽血JF7I目FJ如噸/Ｃｂ翻漉灘"2ｍ“〃
Ｗｅｃａｎｖｉｅｗａｎｅｎｅｔ,eridentity,orLheshort-fbrmtermj⑭､net
1.$ntityiasacompositeidentitythatisshapedbytechnologybbypopuIarcu】tulne,andbymasSconsumption・Ａｎｅ.､ｅｔｓｅｌｆｃａｎｈａｖｅｂｏｔｈ
ｉｎｔｅｍａｌａｎｄｃｘｔｅｍａｌ仇cets､IntemallMonecanholdhybridcomponentsofcthnic-culturalvalues(e９．,collectMsmandindividualism）
andcontemporaIyaspectsofbeing-in-doingvalueorientations(正call
theChapter3discussionabout"ValueOrientationPattcrns,,)Ｉｎａｄｄｉ‐
tion,ｔｈｅｅ・netindMdualcanswingflexiblybelweenthehigh-context
andlow-contextcommunicationsystems・AnindMdualwithanenet
identityhasasenseofcommunalbelongingonagloballeveLＳｈｅｏｒｈｅ
Ｌａｈｍｋｎ血Llp｣皿ith｣Elihneﾖ竃ue-yeuLlikE世minded-indmduals｣AjmLacLiH姪ly
carveoutadistinctive"adoptedcommunity,,(e､ｇ,byhobbies,bygame
types）andcommunicateferventlyviachatroomsore-discussion
groups．
Letlsexaminesomeofthese巳-cAq噸αe"sKicsandhowtheyrelateto
communication：
Hbcr）Ｄ砲icfThee､netselfislinkedtotheageofelectronics・Gadgelsanddevices(e､9.,cellphones,PalmPilots,e-mail)ａｌｌｏｗ
ｅ・net'erstocommunicateatanytimeorplace,makingthis
thecentralhubofcommunicatiｏｎ．
E】『ご/LJsive:theenetselfisanexclusivegroupofindividualswho
a正inbetweengmups・Ｔｈｅｙｍａｙｂｅｍｅｍｂｅ届ofspecific
ethnicorracialgroups,buttheyarealsoloyaltothclntemet
communityEFore､net'ers，ｔｈｅｌｎｔｅｒｎｅＩＳｅｒｖｅｓａｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎ
ｃonnectiontotheworld．
ErAIT比、と""(y；Ｔｈｅｅ・netselfincludesindividualswhomay
haveethnicloyaltiestotheirtmditionalgroups・Howevem
theyoftentendtodisplaymomesolidaritywiththeirtechno橇
gIobalnetworks・Theirsocialgroupidentitiesaremultiftlc‐
etedandnetwoIk-based､Ｔｈｅｙａｌｓｏ比elHexiblein"bolrow‐
ing',ethnicidentitiesfi｡mothergroupsintermsofoutward
appearancesanduseofethnicartifacts･
丘叩Iori"gJAsaconsumelLbasedidentityjｔｈｅｅ・netselfappeaIsto
individualswhoareinsea1℃hofthelT已工Zbigthing,whether
itisfashion,music,trends,ｏｒＷとbsitcs・TheNetservesasa
wayofcreaLillgaspaceandacommunityinwhichtheycan
bclong
E"Toricopz5Tllee-netJerscommunicatewithemoticons、
Emoticons（seeChapter8）ａｒｅconveyedthroughlext
messaging，instantmessaging，ande-maiLAsimple
emoticonisworththreesentencesandgivesthesendera
chancefbranonymityWhohastiｍｅｔｏｇｏｉｎｄｅｐｔｈ?！
Chap[e「１２◆Ｃｂ７""F""”蜘刀加卿j5iJrｺﾞ咽回CAD此/｣Zﾑｿｶﾞ"〃３１７
篝
■蕊
il
ii
凸Tfelm伽?2巳"r5Kul･tCobain,theformerleadsingerforNirvana，
sang,“he1℃ｗｅａ1℃ｎｏｗ》entertainus1,,TlleentertainmentindustIyintheUnitedStatesisa480-billion鐸dollarindustly
（Ｗｃｌ幻999).Moste・nefershavcaninsatiableappetitefOr
enuertainment､Withmovies,ＤＶＤｓＤｇａｍｅｓ,anddownload-
ableaccessories,whyleavethehouse？ＡｎｄｔｈｉｓａｐｐｅｔｉｔｅｉＳ
ｎｏｔｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｔｏｔheUnitedStates・AccordingtoMcClure
（２００２),JapaneseyoungadultsunderageZ5spenlmore
moneyoncellphonesandvideogamesthanyoungaduItsin
anyotlIercountries．
Ｅ、"o17nyfTee.、ｅｔｓｅｉｓｔｉｅｔｏｔｅｏｏｍｉｎｇｌｎｔｅｒｎｅｔｅｃｏnomybTrendyfnshionStatementｓａｌ迫discovel程ｄａｎｄｐｕｒ‐
chasedonline,orthroughsp⑥cificonlinemagazincs`orvia
chalroomconversations.Ｅ,net'ersal巴wiUingtospendlarge
amountsofmoneytokeepup-to-date､WehrfTitz(2000)neportedthatmillionsofwiredshoppersinJapansulfthenet
fbrpmducts,andoneinfburinSouthKoI℃ａｂｒｏｗｓｅｓｔｈｅ
Ｗｅｂｔｏｓｈｏｐ,playgames，ｏｒday言trade・Acrosstheglobe，
ｅ,net'erscanaccesｓｅＢａｙｃｏｍａｎｄｂｉｄｏｎａｕｃｔｉｏｎｅｄｉｔｅｍｓ
ｆｂｒａ1℃asonablepriceWhywaitfbrtheneweslorretroChi‐
cagoCubsbaseballcapwhenyoucanclickontoeBaybcom？
Theseareonlyafewofmanycharacteristicsofane・netidentityja
selfthatreHectsanewgenerationoftechno-sawyindividuals・Ｃａｎｙｏｕ
ｃｏｍｅｕｐｗｉｔｈｙｏｕｒｏｗｎｅ・net-ism？
ＴｈｅＥ･ｎｅｔｌｄｅｎｔｉｔ：ＤｉａｌｅＥｔｉｃａｌＣｈａＩＩｅｎｅｓ
Ｔｈｅｅ・netidentityisacorneI巴toneofcontemporalyidentitydevel‐
opment,ThissectionhighlightssomeoftheimportantissuesUhatco必
cerntheinterpIaybelweenlechnologyandglobalidentitydevelopｍｅｎｔ・Ｐｅｒｈａｐｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｅ・net
interactionistheaspectofdialectics・DialccticaltemsionSa唾conflictsthatcomefiPomtwoopposingfbrcesthatexistatthesameｔｉｍｅ
(Baxter＆Montgomelyj1916).Forexample,tensionscanexistwhen
sometimesyouwanttospendlotsoftimewithyourrelationaIpartneri
andothertimesyou化elyourrelationalpartneriscrampingyourstyle
ormakingyou比elstiUedbynoileavingyoualone,These[ensionscreatechallengesfbranindividualandbrthedyadicrelationship,Ｈｏｗ‐
evel;suchdialecticaltensionscanalsosparkinIelpelちonalcolIabora‐
tionandcreatMty-iflhedialeclicsaremanagcdflexiblyand
adaptivelybThefbllowingpagesdiscussthreeofthemaiordialectical
pulls;space,ｔｉｍｅ,andidcntity(seeTHble121)．
Befbrelaunchingintolhisdiscussion,pleasecheckyourreactions
onQuickPolll２．１．
３１８◆DhH胸坤"迩咽血琵yrzJ伽糎/α碗碗""2噸"､〃
■●
Ｊ
Ｔａｂｌｅ－ｌＺ.l’ＧｌＯｂｈ「IdeI1tlty8DialcEtiCalchallenges..．
■Ｌ
－ヱニニーこ
SnACE：
Priva[ｅ－－－－－－‐－－－－－‐－－－－－－－－－－－－CommunaI
TIIvIE：
IvIono町aEk-‐‐‐‐－‐‐‐－－－‐･－‐－－－－‐‐‐IvluItit胞仁ｋ随ｍｐＱ日
ldentityAIienation-‐‐‐‐･‐－‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐－IdentiWIndu曰ion
ＩＤＥＮＴＩＴＹ：
霞霊騒騒露翻騒願醗悶悪醒踊田、鰯■鰯霊
Ｌ
Pleasecheck[ｈｅｗｏｒｄｓｏｒｐｈ胞日eBthatbeBtde曰cribeyouroveraIla[［i‐
[ude[owa｢ｄｔｎ巳ｕ二ｅｏ１ｍｅＩｎ[ernetandcompaIqeyourresuI[sｗｉｔｈａ
dassma[｡s：
ＡＩｏｎｅＴｉｍｅ
ＣｏｍｍｕｎａＩＴｉｍｅ
Quietne二二
BustIi ､９ Noises
Focu聖。
Exci[emen［
Ｗｂｒｋ
PiayfuI
EfIbrt
ＡＥｔｉｏｎ
Fに[ioｎ
Reali 呼
ＳｐａｔｉａＩＺｏｎｅＤｉａＩｅＣｔｉＣＳ
Ｆｏｒａｎｅ･nelJenthelntemetprovidesprlvacyandanonymilyinthc
safeenvironmentofonebfreespace､Ｔｈｅｅ､netculturetransforms
spaceinsuchawaythatindividualscanexperieｎｃｅｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｐｌＭＪ印
ＰＣとａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏ"zl7TzdFzalpo彫ininstantspaceandtimezones・Ifyou
havecheckedwordsonboththeleft-handandright-handcolumnsof
QuickPolll2」,yourenotgoingclnzyYbu,鴎justoneofthemany
；
indMdualswhointeIprettheuseofthelntemetfrombothdialectical
poles･Withintheprivacypole,thePalmPilot,personalcomputeI1and
mobilephoneau℃accessedinprivate,personalspaceWearenotconfinedtoacomputerlaborroomtoaccessthelnterneLWecantrave］
throughthevisualworldinasportsstadium,atthemovies,sittingin
theparkoraIectunBehalLorwhiletmvelingonanairplane,Ohentimes,
ｗｅｄｏｎｏｔｈａｖｅｌｏｗａｉｔｍｏ1℃thanZOsecondstohaveacommunication
exchangewithanotherhumanbeing・Wecanenloyasimpletextmessage,instantmessage,orevenJpgpictures・
SimullaneouslMthelnternetprovidesasenseoPsharedcommunal
spaceChatrooms,onlinejournal醤,messageboards,andfan-based
WebsitesoHera、individualaSenseofcommunalconnectionand
belongingtoaparticulargroupSharingthispJlMcspaceintheWeb
communityallowsindividualstoengage，explore，andinteractwith
eacllotheracrossculIuralboundarieswithoutactualfklce-[o-facecon-
tact.Ｅnet,e'雷seethelnternetasprovidingwonderfUlopportunitiesto
reconnectwithlong-lostfriendsandhighschoolswee[hear[sJcreate
ＩJli
ChaP〔erl2◆Ｃｌ｡":鯛""如伽伽騨励切'Ｗ砒伽/雌"”３１１
newldationships,enhancegIobalteamcreativityBanｄｅｍｐｏｗｅｒｐｃｏ‐
plethroughhumanrightsandintemationaIsupportgroups・College
studentscancollaborateacrossculturesviaonlinediscussionboards
ore-mails・Facultyand1℃seamcherswhohavenevermetcachother
face-tMacecanengageinonlinecollaborationand唾searchpmjects
acrossnationalborde1＆
Atthesametime,howeve喝attheclickofabutton,allthesesounds，
images,sights,andactionscaninstantaneouSlyvanishTheindividual
canreclaimhjsorherquietspaceorprivacyinseconds・Thispeculiar
senseof蝉alityversusfictionexistSaSablunylineinthevirtualrealily
Ｗ⑥ｒ
W｡．
砲mporaIZoneDiaIectics
Thelnternethasalsodrastically１℃･rientedourSenseoftime-IthaS
contractedand,atthesametime,expandedspaceandtimeviailsmul-
tichannel,multiclicking,andinstamaneousdoo眼to-doordelivelyfb好
maLItoffe曙mdMdualssimultaneousopportunitiestomovequickly
backandfbrthbetweenmonochronicamdpolychronictimeschedules
(唾calltheChapter8"RegulatingTime"section).Externallybindividu‐
ａｌｓｍａｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｂｙｃｏｎｓtantlyshifLingbetween
monotr秘ckfocus（i､e､，ｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｏｎｏｎｅｐｒｏｊｅｃｔａｔａｔｉｍｅ）and
lnultitracMbcus(i､e､,tendingtomultiplee､nettasksoractMties)on
thelnterneLCommunicationwise,indMdualswithmonotrackfbcus
canalsooftenbumpintomisunderslandingswithindMdualswho
enJoymultitrackfOcusbecauseofthcirmultitaskinghabitsonthe
lnternet・
MorcspecificallMthel7To"ｏｆｍｃｋｅ､j2erco椛"zLKlTicato応canconcem-
trateononlyonetaSｋａｔａｌｉｍｅ,Whiletheya唾workingonataskprojectonthecompute町theywouldfinditdifficulttobesimultaneously
talkingtotheirfiPｉｅｎｄｓｏｎａｃ⑤llphone,switchingtoanswerlnge-mail
relationalmessages,andtalkingtosomeonemghtnexttoｔｈｅｍ,Ｈｏｗ‐
ever,〃zL山it7acke､加ｅｒｃｏ噸J〃ＬｌＦＴｉｃａｆｏｒｓＣａｎｂｅｑｕｉｔｃａｄｅｐｔat
mullitracking-workingonmultipleprQjects,suchassurfingtheNel
andatthesamelimcchattingwithfTiendsontheircellphones･Ｔｈｅ
ｅ・netmuIlitrackindividualsalsoａdheretoabcing-in-doingvaluephi‐
losophyhWhileonthenet,theycanchaLwithfriendsacroさsthegIobe，
accessdailynewspapersinseverallanguages,anddownloadnewsong
releases、Thebeing-in-doiHnge.ｎ⑥tphil⑪sophymeansthate･net
multit噸ckindMdualscanfUsethe"beingmode,,valuedirnensionwith
the“doingmode〃valuedimension-theycanbefullyenjoyingthe
here-and-nowmoment，ｓｐｅｎｄｉｎｇｂｅ雌gtimewiththeirmultiple
fTiendsinthecluatroomandalso血i"gothertaskactivities､Thereisno
doubtthatthee,netgenemtionisachangedgenerationintermsoftra‐
ditionalculturalvaluesandnormsheldbytheirparents,orgrandparents，generation．
■
320◆uTdftP可FHJ"9%i"g伽2審、｣胸噸/Cb碗噸“如飾"
ｌｎｓｕｍ，whilethee-netmonotrackfblkscaｎｆｂｃｕｓｏｎｌｙｏｎｏｎｅ
ｔｈｉｎｇａｔａｔｉｍｅａｎｄtendtocompartmentalizetaskprOjectsandrela‐
tional拘J2chatsontheneいhemultitracMDlkscanmoveinandout
smoothIybetweentaskaclMtiesandrelauionalactMtiesil1asplitsecond､Itisobviousthatbothmonotracki､dividualsandmultitaskindi-
vidualshavetomakeagreatereffbrtt･applyaUtheskillsthatwehave
discussedinthisbooktomanagetheire・netcultumalhabitsadaptively
andflexiblyBWithinterculturalsensitivity)monotmckindMdualshnve
toundelもtandthatmultitaskindividualsperceivemultitrackingaspart
oftheirvirtualandexistentialrealitybLiIKewise,multitmckindividuals
naveuoleam[ｏｇｌｖｅｍｏｒｅＩｌｍｅａｎｑｓｐａｃｅ[ｏ［ｎｅｍｏｎｏｕｍｃＫｌｎｑｗｌｑｕａｌｓ
ｔｏｗｒａｐｕｐｏｎetaskandthengettheirfUllattentiononanothertaskor
prQject．
蕊
alsooIrenpusheshimorhertosea1℃hfbrsomethingmo1℃communal
intermsofsocialties･Thelnternetalleviatesi`どれｍｙｕｌ伽但"Ｏ脚and
satisfiesthegroup-basedi*"rnyilTc！"sjolTneed・Howeve叫italso1℃mthatindMdualsClaimtheenelworldastheirnewfOundcultural
乳
LHZ｡|ｂ
霞
｢蕊
judgedp顕matur噂lybccauseofthecoloroftheirskinBut,ｐａradoxicalIybthelntemetalsoactsasaglobaloutlettoevoke化arandhatemanyhatesitesadvocatcviolencetowardimmigrantS,gayS，Ｊｅｗｓ，
Arabs,andothersOfcourse,thisgiveslawofficialsandglobalpeace
議勢蕊鑿蕊
副錺剥
■ﾛｰｉ
涕弓ご弓
鑿
world,themorctheywiUexperiencealienationorlonelinessinthelT弓ａｌ
ｗｏｄｄ,andviceversa・Howevemdialecticallyspeaking,thesameindi‐
vidualsmayalsoslowlyshedtheiralienationthroughlearningtoreach
outinthelnternetworld､TheycantransposesomeofthesocialskilIs
famwaycultures､Forpeoplewithdisabilities,thelnternetoperateson
alevelplayingfieldThroughthelnternetjtheydeveloprelationships
orlearnonline-withouteverneedingtoselMisclosetheirdisabilities
iftheysochooseLikewise,minoritygroupmembers1℃portthatthe
lnternetaflmdsthemaＦｏｒｕｍｔｏｂｅ“IheInselveS,,withouteverbeing
露
蔓
fOrcestlleindividuaIもisolationlromothersintherealworldThemore
developedviaonlinechatsandapplythemadaptivelywithfblksin
real-lifesocialsettings・Manyindividualsaroundtheglobelinktothe
lnternetasawaytoescapefromthetraditionalconfinesoftheir
respectivecul[uralworldslnasense,theygivebir[ｈｔｏａ"secondself,’
throughtheirsusIainedimme画oninthelnuernetwomb、
ManyelderlyindMdualsalsoclaiInthaLlhelnternetwolldI℃connectsthemwithpeoplefromdiffbrentage-groupsindiffbrentcultures，
SeniorcitizeｎｓｌＭｎｇｉｎａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄｌＭｎｇｏｒｎｕｒｓｉｎｇｈomesdefinitely
appreciatethclnternetasofft2ringachancetobreakawayli｡mmonot‐
onouslivingconditionsandmeetnewfOundintercultuml価endsin
蕊
‐４‐＋
AnindMdualbsenseofalienationfromlheactualcuIluralwoIld
■回議
談議》
!「
ＩｄｅｎｔｉｔｙＺｏｎｅＤｉａｌｅにtics
蕊
曇
：
牌
とく蟻
鑿
iLj．
ChaPrerlz◆Ｃｂ"碗""如吻"ん“励囮ｶﾘg〃伽ＭＨ砿b"”３２１
ａｃｔＭｓｔｓａｃｈａｎｃｅｔｏｆｉｇｈｔｂａｃｋａｎｄｔｒackdownthesehate-filled
WCbsitesandthehatemongerswhoarebehiｎｄｔｈｅｍ、
AscuIturesonagloballevelbecomemoreinteにonnectedand
matrix-based,theenctidentity１℃Hectsthedynamicinterplaybetween
privacyandcommunitMmonotmckandmultitracktempo,ａｎdidentityalienationandmclusion､TbfUrtherunderH5tandthee碇ctsofthe
e､netselflburspecificareaswiUbediscussed:television,music,fthsh‐
ionstatementsjandvideogames．
□二●｡
rur
ＴｈｅｔｅｒｍｇわbajiZario1rhasbothpositiveandnegativeimplications
inthecontempora可socialwoIldBroadlySpeaking,itmeansthecul-
turalinteldependenceandrealignmentprocessesduetotheglobal
economyje-commer℃ejmassmedia,andthenuxofimmigrationpat‐
ｔｅｍｓ・IndMdualswhosupportglobalizationseethewolldasbecom-
ingmoreinterdependentandinevitablyso,Theglobaleconomyand
gIobalmassmedia,inparticulanbringusalltodevelopglobalcitizen‐
shipsofaworldwide“globalvillage''一thusbrcakingdownnational
andculturalboundaries・
Fromadiffbrentanalyticalstan｡point,opponenlsviewglobaliza‐
tionasnegativebecauseitdestroyscuIturalboundaIiesandWk:Stern‐
izesmanyindigenouscultmes・Forexample,jthasexportedimagesof
US・wealth，consumerism，ａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒＵＳ・massmediaimages
throughouLtheworldandcreatedmany“consumingj,colonieswitha
strongU.Ｓ､‐dominantHavoエAccordingtoitsopponents,globalization
dilutesordestroysculturesJanguages,cultulnletiquettes,values,and
tmditions・See,fbrexample,lhetop-tenall-timeworldwideboxoffice
grossingmovies(JeopardyBox12.1)andcheckouttheglobalinHu-
enceofHollywoodTbfUrtherexplo1℃thistopicofglobalization,letも
firstlookattelevisiontrendsontheglobaIleveL
TheLerusofT色Ievision8Identitylmitation
Justhowdoesapersomsidentitydevelop？Ifyouthinkbackto
priorchapters,theinflucnceofourparents,socialization,andpeersis
especiallyl℃levant・Growingup，ｄｉｄｙｏｕｅｖｅｒｗａｔｃｈＳＥｓｎ"ｒｅＳｍＥａ？
PbＡ２"ｚｏ１７？肋wErRaJTgE2庵？肋ＧｉＯＡ？Asyouwatchedtheshow)didyou
everaskyou曙elf"Gee,Iwonderifkidsinlndiaa塵watchingthesamc
show?"Don,tworlyifyouneverthoughtaboutthis､MajorUStelevi-
sionshowsareeasilyaccessiblemtheintemationalmarket,
Ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｗａｙｓｉｎｗｈｉｃｈａｎｅ・nctpeI竃onlearnsabouthisorher
identityoranotherpelmnbidentityisthroughtelevision,Tdevision
shapesthewayweseeourwolldltisacompellingaspectofmarketing
cullure,lifEstylejtrcnds,ａｎｄｎｅｗｓ・ItalsoinnuenceshowwefOrmour
３２２◆Ｕ)z吻測、j`Ｙｊ３ｇ励舵岬伽滅Ｃｂ沈蜘#"mzjfD〃
一j9opardyBoxl
■
2.1ＡＩ１－ＴｉｍｅＢｏｘＯｆｆｉｃｅＶＶｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅＧｒｏ５ｓ
-ロﾛ、
■
,.L￣し凸‐'
'1蟻:年:ﾕｻﾞﾒ;語liz`i:i髄iiiピ
ゲー０--ｌ
－ｗⅡt≦郷Ｉｊｊ::jＡ
li/:.L？
ア
午
JILJ
６口１６~
ＵＥ．}･
'･几リェ
｡■--＄･1．，１－ゴー｣ヰツー.‐,､0Jす.中旬.
ｗ;ｊｗＷ４ｉｉ…:２･ｉ
２ｒ者j・ヒニー宇矧ﾎﾞｨ?.-§P唇…；：：
‐．.－．＄(-上･'Ⅲｵ記'」」4
１塁～､ニレ…､ロ日０－」；，01
ラマ.Ⅱずい-ご＝・えｲｷ］6！“?－；
■
▲
~JIT■し＝)LlJL蚤ｆｌ
Ｐ・『ｊ峠
、．._｡当字1.-缶.+『'１。--.｡｡
《
▼
,|
■｢､
●ﾛ-
ｂ5
９．」－－旬
ﾛ弓Ｉ
Ｃ--､可
９－
三
r､中
一ﾛﾄ＝■
,-－７
９
Ｌ
Ｌｐ丁P~門■曲－－
｢’-．｡_畠･■Ｌ,,６－J
▲
サー
1０
庁中
丁
IrⅡ
｡（ｊＬ);し弐二．．
Ⅱ喘ぐ,▲ 号，
卜､--＄伊o,￣,,．‘"
b、Pqｒ－ｒ
士
｡
､ＣＰ
Ｕ↑
4口9
SOD坂上．:<http"wｌｉｗ
(Re[｢ievedIvIaにhfI
￥
１．キー，
訂Ｐ
UFm
●
L1－，年■,F-
「
lUI il lB
鑿
lntheUnitedStates，entertainmentisthcsecond-laIgestexport
(ZelizeI;2001).UStelevisionisevelywhere,Diffbrentcountrieshave
diffbrenttastcsandmanya塵captivatedbyUS.-exportedtelevision
shows・Thesuccessofexportcdtelevisioｎｓｈｏｗｓｒｕｎｓｔｈｅｇａｍｕｔｆｉ℃m
olderseriestonewersenes・Forcxample,inGermanyjthemostpopularteleviSionshowsarethenewershows,Ｂ"耐rAc肋"Tp舵SﾉtUyerand
助α榊e4butinltalManolderseries,Ｍ股鋤ｈａｓＲａｌＴ解l;has[hela噌一
estaudienceFranceandSpainpre比rtheactionscriesAIiqs・SyndicatedshowSareequallypopulanZelizer(ZOO1）reportsthatlranians
enjoyold皿`妃/＆肋l1dyshorts,EgyptianscnjoyF伽?｡s弧dER,ｂｕｔ
酢
Ul
h_P
■■蕊
一一巴ＰＩ｜□｜曰
arewe？
:灘
蕊
nationalmarket,andtheyarealsousuallydubbedintothelocaIlanguage､Forexample,inlsraeLArgentiner2に"oMns(soapoperas)with
Hebrewsubtitlesarea"blissfiIllyfrivolousobsession1"(Rotella,ZOO3)．
WatchingTVdramashowsgivesthcinternationalvieweranoppor‐
tunitytocheckouttI壇nds,styles,andfashionstatements､Forexample，
whenJenniferAnistonmadeherdebutonnfeFTms,apopuIarTVsitcom,herlayeredhairstylewentglobalManywomeninvariousparts
ofthegloberequestedthe“Aniston''cut･WhcntheJapaneseTVcartoonshowＰｔ〕雌"m1TdebutedintheUnitedStates,evelykidhadtobuy
Pokemontradingcards・Thisbringsupaqucstion:Exactlyhowglobal
随'℃叱剛舵蝿eMmWO以伽yM1AeCbsbys,andsoapoperas,includ‐
ing、)'打ａｓ恥areequallypopulamInPakistan,withalargeEnglish-
speakingpopulation,ハqsf“川捌*S*Ｈ,ａｎｄＢとK)ﾉＭｚ【ｃＡａ唾ｐｏｐｕｌａｍＡｓ
ｍｏｒｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｔｅｌｅｖｉｓｉｏｎｓｈｏｗｓ，thevariety
increaseswithavailabilityandfUnding、
ｕｓ・networksarepurchasinginlernationalandhomegrownpro-
ductions,areversenowofglobalization・InlernationalTVgivesusa
comparisonofculture-specificandcultu1℃‐universaldisplayrules
(e､9.,nonverbalcues).IndividualsintheUnitedStatesareallowedto
takeasnapshotofuhesimilaritiesanddiffbrencesincommunication．
蕊■鱗蝋繍繍111十iI1lllij
stereotypesofpeoplcindiflbIm[culluresandethnicgroups.IWotypes
oftelevisionshowsareconsistentlyindemandintheglobalmaｴkct：
actionshowsanddramasActionshowsaI℃enlicingtowatchbecause
oltheircombinationofaction,violence,ａｎｄsex.Ⅵｅｗｅｒｓｄｏｎｏｔｎｅｅｄ
ｔｏ1℃allylistcntotheshowbwordswhentheyllavevividimagesanda
lotofvisualaction・ＤｍｍａｓｈｏｗｓｈａｖｅａｌｓｏｄｏｎｅｖｅＩｙｗｅｌｌintheinteI-
Chapterl2十｡'漉翻""噸吻）Ｍ､“鮒噸9忽GA,“/LﾑｹﾞﾌT"ﾘ323
Tnlili
Forexample,肋jzCルノWasaphenomenalhitseriesinJapan1，
tbisone-hourprogram,threeironchefS（Japanese,Chinese,and
Frenchcookingstyles)ｈａｄｔｏｗｏｒｋｗｉｔｈｏｎｅ"suIprise',ingredientand
createthcmostinnovativedisheswiththalthemeingredient・Howevel；
anoutsidechefwhoworkedac1℃ssfromIheironchef,challengedone
ofthemTheshowconcludedwjthatastetcstandtheannouncement
ofthewinnemTheserieSwassoengagingandpopularthatinl999，
FoodTVacablestationintheUnitedStates,boughttherightsliorthe
showllbecameaninstanthitwithfansacrosstbeUnitedStates,who
beganwatchingandhittingWebpagesdevotedtotheshow・ｈ１ＴｄＴｅ／
attractedsuchala聡eaudiencethattheth鑓eironchef曾ｗｅ唾inviUcdto
theUnitedStatesinaspecialepsiode,calledBarrに可rAe肋冗助歌：
ﾉVbwIMcBnrZZBThiswasthelastshowtapedfbrtheseries,FoodTVI
howevel;continuestoair1℃pcatsofoldbattlesduetopopulardemand
RealityTVcomesinmanylbImSJbutthemostcommonfOcusof
thesｅｓｈｏｗsisthedevelopmentofintelpersonalrelationshipS・RenI
WMtidebutedonMTVinll92,Ｆｍｍｔｈｅｓｔａｒｔ，thisshowwasnewb
exciting,andunfamiIia虹Sevenroommateswerechosentolivewilh
eachotherlbrthにemonthsAllhoughtargetingayoungdemogHnphic，
theshowgeneratedviewe曙acrossage-groupsinterestedinthedramaticlivesofthesesevenindividualslMnginLhcsamehouse・Ｒｅａノ
Ｍ〕測乱ｉｓｎｏｗｉｎｉｔｓｎｉｎｔｈｓｅａｓｏｎ，spawningthreerealityknockoff
shows:Ｒｏα`Ｒｚｄｌｅｓ(filmingsevenindividualslivingontheroad),Ｂａ肱
o打ｈｅ艶xBs(fbImerRoα‘Ｒ`【んｓａｎｄ比ａｎ化rkfcastmembers),and
RozHLfRLl彫ｓ陥岱LdsRe砲ｌⅡ/b湖.Ａｓａｓｉｄｅｎｏｔｅ,onecouplchasactually
marriedaftermeetingontheseries・
Thedesiretowatch淫al-lifepeopleoncamerahasextendedtovari-
ouscontextsandsituations､Ｔｈｅresult？Moreshowshavebeendevel-
opedtｏｔａｐｉｎｔｏｔｈｅ塵alityuniverse､Abriefsummalylistspastand
presentshowsthatpromoｔｃ“realitychecks,,：
324◆的吻丁鰄Fz`ﾒﾋﾞ咽血雌nFYMt鄭》〃/CbJ"'"""j““〃
。]nheBacMo紐ncAcio肥f1e(ZOOO-present):individualsnarrow
down50datestoonemarnageproposal；
ｏＡｌ７Ｔｅ"caJTJdOl(ZOO1-present):singelscompetefOrarecord
■蕊
Contract；
・んeMnio""α舵(ZOO3-plでsenu);womencompetefOr"Joe,,‘
難
鑿
鑿
・比arFmor(2001-present):contestantscompeteformoney，
overcomingmanyoftheir"feaI電',ｉｎｔｈｅｐ1℃cess；
Ｊ■
酷.名
灘欝》鴬鍵議騨罐
oBigB）Mz2r(originatedintheNethenands):roolnmalescompetefbronemilliondoUars；
漣
lntheirevelydaylives，lonelyconsumerScancreatecommunity
withIhelivesandrelationshipsfbrmedontelevisionRealityTVgives
thee･netindividual[heopportunitytolivevicariouslythmughtbeIives
ofothelsandtomakeconnectionsTheseshowsaredi正ctlylinlKedto
thelnternetjfOImingfan-basedWebsitesdevotedtosharingopinions‘
evcncomplainingaboutthecharactersasiftheywereourfiiendsThis
iｓａｄｉｘＣｃｔ唾sullofthee-netvirtualreautyculture・Realitytelevision
individualsaspireto"belikej,asingemagroup,oraband､Nothinghas
inHuencedglobale.､ごtidentityasmuchaship-hopmusic、Hip-hop
music,whencombinedwithmusicvideos,hascmss-pollinatedpopu-
larmediaandchangedthedynamicsofidentityfOrmationacrossthe
globe,Thisvisualaidhasinnuencedmoreyouthacross[heglobethan
anyothertrendinhistolyB
Hip-hopmusic(orrap,asitwasoncecaUedandisstillrefb､程。tｏ
bysome)sprangfromtheinnel3cityghettosoftheUnitedStalesinthe
elry,ｏｒ“bling-bling")Rapandhip-hopmusiccamefromAfiRican
AmericanyouthwhowerediscouragedbylzLcialoppressionandthe
inequalityofli化Rappingwasanart,awayofexpI℃ssingtheproblems
theyfacedlMngontheouteredgesofsocietyLAsthemusicincreased
inpopularityandprogresSedfTomtheinnercitytothesuburbs,ｒａｐ
promotesafbrmofvirtualbondbetweentherealitycharactersandthe
ｍｕｓｉｃａｎｄｈｉｐ－ｈｏｐｂｅｃａｍｅｂｉｇｂusinesswhenWhiteIeenagersstarted
actual比amchallenges,orrewaldsfbrlheviewersForexample,ｔｈｅ
ＲｅｑノWbrjdseriesactuallyeducatedviewerswithpublicservice
hip-hopexploded・Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｔｈｒｅｅｙｅａｌ巻，hip-hophascontinuedto
generatethehighes[musicsalesinIheUnitedStatesandintemational
asteenpregnancybalcoholabuse,discrimination,andhomophobia・
ZOO3？(CheckoutJeopardyBoxlZ2)Forthefirsttimeinmusichis‐
tolistenandbuythemusic(Ｚｗｍｇｌｅ＆McNaUyl919)Attha[point，
markets､Doyouknowwhatwerethetop-tenBiUboamSinglesinFall
anmouncementsbasedon"real,,eventsthatoccur1℃ｄｏｎｔｈｅｓｈｏｗ)such
to則ｏｎＯｃｔｏｂｅｒ３,ZOO3jBillboalrlr⑥portedthatlhetop-tensinglesi、
theUnitedStatesｗｅ罐byrappers(withtheexceptionofthenumber
Ｉｎｓｕｍ,televisionisaformofentertainmentwatchedglobanylThis
globalconnectionJavisualaidtomatchthecultu麺loruniversalnarra‐
山
ＣＯＳ(i､e､,radioalonedoesnotMlycaptu麺ｔｈｅmusic,mood,andatti‐
tudebehindthegmupanditSSingers).AsaInesult,musiccreateSiden‐
ｔｉｌｙａｎｄｓｐａｒｋｓａｃｏｍｍｕｎａｌｓｅｎｓｅｏｆｓpaceandtime、Theseenet
mid-1970sRapmusichasbeenassociatedwithgraffiti(ortagging)，
dancet1℃nds(breakdancing),scratching(adeejaysimultaneouslymixingtｗｏｏｒｍｏ正vinylrecoIds),andartifacts(goldandplatinumjew‐
whotheyerroneouslybelieveisawealthyman
audience，sometimes，televisedeventsarerealenoughtogenerate
Lｐ
Chap[ＥｒｌＺ◆Ｃｂ碗…"如吻"ん“Ｈz域咄α伽6忽ﾉﾉ泓償"”３２５
ＲａｐａｎｄＨｉＰ－ＨｏｐＭｕｓｉｃ:ldemtyExpression
Throughmusic,ｓｏｍｅｅ・net,ersfindacommoniden[ityexpression
andconnectionwithothers-especiallybecausemusicexpresses
exactlywhattheymaybefCeling,Musicinspirest唾､｡s,fashion,and
alternativewaysofexpressionandmakesastatemenLMusicmayalso
bringcontrovcrsyJconHict,andresistanceJnthepaSt,radiowasthe
mostcommonmediumusedtolistentopopulartunesandcatchlive
shows.Ｐ1℃sentlyjradioisonthebrinkofextinctionOnemaJorI造ａｓｏｎ
ｉｓｔｈｅｅ・netgroup・EnetJersdownloadmusictitlesoffthelmernet，
burnthemdirectlytoaＣＤ,andwatchthencwcstandlatestmusiｃｖｉｄ－
■■●￣￣■￣●０
１■字●百一■己Ｃの■●■ｃ
金･ハルｒａＫＡ-..-:」:JF-：-.,Ａも:…：,ＦＪｌ￣Fﾑﾑｹ，二・摩弘一`1．’一:』wと二'６．i’，ｉｔ-.：べぽごＩ.!:ＦＬＷ…{圷.,一ib3j＄／ﾉｰｆ小，
]｣蕊
rMBqbyP○ｈm(;八,/丹虻ｲｲﾊBeypnOell；鋤riDgS軌Ｒｉｌ４１｢;#.j､汪菖､，
ﾊﾙ`1s麺keXh刺feaFhelfhmiM、leMDiddyf剛UrphyLp難蝿:ぃL午
軋(妬etL｡w１Ｍ｢獅}>fルー－lLilj｡n曇TheEastsideBqyZFeatul?IngぃｉｉＴ
ＬﾄⅡ.
il
簔窪薑
…… 驚鯛露
tive,isoneofthemostpowerfulaspectsofthee･netidemityUnlikein
radioandprint,ｅ､net,ersareaHbmedavisualtourtoactuallycheck
outtheculturallyspecifictastes,sounds,reactions,andlocalpeoplein
thescene・Ｔｈｅｓｅｓｏｕｎｄｓａｎｄｉｍａｇｅｓｍａｙｅｘｉｓｔｏｎ凱velysuperficial
Ievel;howevel】theymayalsoServeasafirstenticementtoe,net，eⅡ悪Io
UytothatcCu､tlyanddomorein-depthexploratio､．
斫,)'`坐h;'１ﾙ』:W｣ご〕【Ｗ恥叔ルルｗ吋獅gMlFg耐i唾ルヅjL,ｗ､～〆二:Ⅲ鰯w:～:,!』工
４`"RightThUrr,，T■〕－~Chingy{Ｗ/Fi(!;い）１Ｍルイ印ルメバ）
ﾍ5.’１FI｡ntin,!iいうﾊﾐい-W,ｒｎ鰯Ｗ(Pharr巳Ij,FeatU｢ingjay△Ｚ醐注L-r~…(～
鱸6ずW4lDamh1'1rルー,…：ｌＪ１Ｊ－閻笘
rL-.L＿｢
、
ﾛ'卜q
78:A`21:ＨｊＨｗ
4や寸
ハー：Ｊ･･･-.
-早-
十
Ｐ牛｢Ⅱ,目_弓
１１YbUngBIO･dZbFeaturingLiIj･ｎｆｉ;(’１１
-’５０亡entよ（ｱﾙ“…ごバリエ'j二へ…,
β
ら巳
４
●~
．、…－－…．.．．n．‘ノー．－１、‐，＿’１
８;Ｗ､[oYbuルーーーＬＴ局b6IOhslFeAtUring棺miaOrAshanti霊》;戸＝
)/,〈?jStiiiaUdifJHL釣…J-l1Lljd垂｢i$,Fe園tdfiiigSIidw耐A1￣－■・
jq)il1yvh罪11,ih・iLpYe1:(し■DiB'季鰄・dP-LJ:ﾙﾉﾄﾘJLTハ.ハー
I1tflMWWWljili6‘｡『｡.と｡､ﾉbbﾉChar酉/hotIoUjsPふい…～ｗルゴ:ＬＭ－イ平ﾙ
(Re[rievedoCmber3釦03）」－－十二W九ノー…wA～いい:〆い￣ヱーイ
ー〒-’－ケ.ｆ･＋,_△■．!
ｑ
Ｄ｢!,．』｡､｡
｢凸
Ｑ
３２６＋ufzjbr趣"迩咽ルz雄PwJ伽師/Ｃｂ獅漉""jMjp〃
onesong，Beyonce,ｓ“ＢａｂｙＢｏｙｊ',whichfeaturesSeanPaulfrom
JamaiＣａ).ItiseasytoseetheworldwideinHuenceofthisgenreof
識
musicthatiscastacrossdivel巴eculturalbordersLetもcheck･utthe
fOllowingstolyinDoublenke12.1.
11)録懸恵職
Ｔｈｉｓexample1℃Hectstheglobalimpactofhip-hopmusiclnpac
Shukal;ｏｒ"ZPac/,wasaveIypopular噸partistinthcUnitedStates・
Hewasfamouslbrhisabilitytorelatetobothyoungandolderaudiences・Hewasamixtu鴎ofagangsta“thug,，andsomonewithagenuine,“real',persona-Inl996,ＴＵｐａｃｗａｓｓｈｏｔａｎｄｋｉｌｌｅｄｉｎＬａｓＶﾋﾞgas・
npacjSmusiccontinuestoliveon,inCDsales,posthumouslybTnpads
sustainingsuccessasaniconhasalottodowithIhetypeofpel巴ｏｎｈｅ
産presentsgsmar[,ａｗａｒｅｏｆｈｉｓｓｕ】roundings,dccpinhisobservations
Jil l
鑿議
和。．》｜》鍔驍。▼．．‐十一《ハゥ与宇〒』
夢〉正引葛己上こ』》．届．
》
曰LIf篝Iiiiililillliiil篝i鍵iiifi
一｝咄蝿（録（』の
儲
oftheworlｄａｒｏｕｎｄｈｉｍ,AndtakingprideinhiscommunityThis
鑿：
senseofbelongingandrepresentinghiscommunityisanidentityvalue
manye・net,erscanrelatetQ
Thoughmanyenet'e曙takeprideinassertingtheirindividualvoice
andrightsandinprotectingtheirpersonalprivacyjIheyalsovalueloy-
二.ｆ
encedbyUSstyles・THkingrapandhip-hoptrends（e､9.,breakdancing)andaddinguniquedanceMstsandstyleshaveresultedina
globalfUSionidentity
ThemusiccombineselementsofUS・music(reggaeandrap),fashion(surfweal3blondehai11andbaggyclothes),andKoreanstyIesto
makeanewfOrmofmusicDyedhail;baggyjeans,anddesignerIabcls
areallにatu1℃sofK-popsingers・Asiancitiesarefallingfortheidentity）
attitude，andvaluesofhip-hop，ｂｕｔＵＳｒａｐｐｃ曙ａ１℃lookingtothe
AsianculturefbruniqLleandunusualbeatsRappersandhip-hopart-
mSjnth亘山itedStateshaYealSQM日QWedheごUYIMrQmLhEIEasi(Wｕ
langClan,Jay-Z,MissyEIliott,RKellylJaRule,andBustaRhymes)．
ｓｏmeactuallyuseAsianiluslruments(MissyElliott,ＪａＲｕｌｅ,Ｒ・Kelly）
andproducemajorllitsacrossLheglobe（e､9.,“GeturfreakOn/，
“BetweenMeandYOu',)．
Outsidethegenreofhip-hop,musicasanidentityexpressionin
socialintemctionispopulamForexample,ｍａｎｙｅ､netindividualshave
beenexposedtokaraokelmmJapanTheriseofkaraokeinJapanhas
beensuccessMlymarketedincountriessuchasAustlnlia,NcwZea-
land,SoulheastAsia,NorthAmerica,ａｎｄEurope（Kelly,2000)．
Karaokeisacross-culturalphenomenon-croSsingage,gendc期ethnic，
andstatuslines･Whatdoessingingkaraokegive[ｏｕｓ？Accoldingto
Kelly(1998),karaokesatisfieslhedesirefbrpc函onalidelIlityexpreS‐
siononavocalleveLWi=ｃａｎｅｍｕｌａｔｅａｎｄｃｏｐｙｏｕｒｈｗｏｒｉｔｅｓｉｎgers,
[℃lievestress,andenjoysoul-satisfyingcommunicationlndeed,itis
reallyafbrmofaftlntasyfUlfillmenLTheTVcontestshowA噸e〃Ｃａ〃
moLfbrexample,iSahugesuccessintheUnitedStatesinbothitsfirst
andsecondSeasonsTheShowallowsindividualswilhlittle,ｓｏｍｅ,and
plentyof[alentlosinginfTonlofamassaudience,Ｔｈｉｓis,inrealit弧an
integralivefimctionoftheneedｆｂｒｐｅＩ巴onalidentityexpressionand
personalidentityattentionjandattｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,ｉｔｃ１℃atesashared
altytothecommunityandprotectionofthe“turF'andneighborhood．
expenenceofaudicncepalficipationandcommunalsolidaIity
Finally)MTVEuropealsohasextensiveshowcasesfbr掴ppers､1,
1999,MTVEuropelaunchedthreeZ4-hourdigitalprogrammingservicesintheUnitedKingdom､Ｆｏｒexample,MTVBaseinEnglandjthe
firstmusicchanneldedicatedexclusivelytoR＆Banddancemusic，
'ｎｈct,itisnotsulprisingthatmanycontemporaIyglobalcitizens
二ｺ
CI1aP[ｅｒ１２◆α祁沈""伽加〃ん“H7z力qgaGUb伽ノム企"ばり３２７
practiceanewformofindividualismandcollectivismthatintegrates
theselectiveaspectsof`『I-identity,，ａｎｄ“we-identity,,valueorientations・ＷｅＣａｎｃａｌｌ［hesehybridvalueorientationsac配ativesynthesiS
ofcoHmbomrjwiIT`ｆＷ血qlisJ71･
reHectshybridglobalhip-hopmusictrends､Thesuccessofrapand
OutsidctheUnitedStates,theIiseofthehip-hopidentitycanbe
hip-hopcoversMTVLatinAmerica,MTVAustralia,andMTVAsiaAs
culturalboundariesblurviaMTVmusicgenerations,musicisnolongerethnic-specificorgenre-$pecific､1,s[ead,musichascraflcdacom-
linkedwithMTVlwhichisseenin79millionUShouseholdsand384
millionhouseholdsacrosstheworld(Viacom,ZOO3).MTVhasbecome
sopopularincountriessuchaslndiathatEaslAsianyoutha１℃ｋｎｏｗｎ
asthenewpan-Asianyouthcultu歴（McC1ure,ZOOZ,DecemberZ8)．
YOungelitesinBombayarealsofallｉｎｇｈｒｌｈｅＭＴＶｓｔｙｌｅｈｉｐ－ｈｏｐ
munalSpaceorglobalsoundstagefbre,net'erstorelaletooneanothe凪
tovcnt,andtobeheardatthesoulfUllevelWhatisftlshionableand
(Tnkahaslui,2003)･WiththehclpofMTVSouthKo罐ahasexploded
soulfUlinAsian,ＬａｔｉｎＡｍｅ減can,andEumpeanregionsisalsofash‐
ionableintheUnitedStatesorNewZealandThiscreated,ｅ,net-shared
musicspaceappearstotranscendeuhnicity>culture，andgender
intothcmusicindustⅡ秘changingtheidentityandlookofSouthKore-
ans､ＴｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＫｏ1℃anmusiciscalledK-PoporgUyo・K-popsingel君
a1℃ｋnownfbrtheiruniqueandhipstyleofmusicbutareheavilyinUu‐
groups．
卜。．
》讓
．⑫『コョゴ。｛⑪ｐｃｌｍｕ二］でロ⑰
日。］一コ。－面Ｕｏ－Ｕｓ宮８「量⑭Ｃ８如自甸昌Ｕｐｐ⑪⑪の幽囚明君目Ｃ渭⑪自侭己①二］］８国財】
○切一甸易何［目①出自一一コ。［■吻宮の目皀］⑪ｐｏＵ］のロ。Ｕ⑫三田．②二一国的一国ｕｏ②つじで何田切９．
ｓ目旬皿口泓ｐＣ－２｛何『。○ぬ召甸⑪日。②一句Ｕ三面目○二②日切ロ】①囚詫］ｃ８ｏ⑪一回目。『］
０ｓ曾一何日ｐ垣でロ⑰⑫］ロ山】甸已『甸自ｏ言で国］畠①昌日ｏ迫田シ一①切日①二一四口二国冒日凸
些『で］。■。「］。⑪壺蝕閂何望⑪』口で‐。］‐ロコロロ呵旦三切目Ｕ四・餌圃日。②ロ。。］⑪目⑪売巨⑰白
・旦切】Ｕ菅同日①切目一臼忌国出冨凹・富。白口昌⑪でロ呵思》一・町８８己屋・這灼量
．（、ＣＣＮ貞甸シ皇。②ロロロ
蜀昌⑭屋一同旨⑪、⑪日日己冨。］８二函三ｕｓ功⑩言蔦］⑪『｛甸卓］①望め且⑫一一二四・ｍ旬Ｕ皇。
切①宮。］Ｑ囚〔宮夢占○二国ｏＢ８⑭ロラロー』○う甸⑪一の筈ｚ、８日目で｛○二。⑪。○ニヨ
８戸目２面『目で８三Ｕ２ｕ垣三・日目］①夢石口旬』：｛員昌㎡白三９㎡『８目で貝日
ｐ局召白日Ｐ⑪⑪。二］《］百四２面里・ぬ］ＵゴでＢａ損⑪回］首⑪切妙己巳。』⑪日甸Ｕ］一旬三宮シ
宮付①うめ］８曰的貝］⑪２⑭］貝ニリづめロ○ｍ貝Ｎ一一国己呵９．首⑪』出］弓でロ甸量Ｕ這Ｕごめ飼う
ー冒昌。］笏Ｕｐｏ日二⑪一句目○ア》雪Ｃｓ８国つ巨甸『⑫何で弓でく⑪砦Ｚ的ロニリコめゅ日出輯、二
⑪畠⑪銅⑤二日ゴ』。］］①ｚ⑪二】○首。で①］ロロ｛Ｑ的百．己宮宅員．②．□売曰同日⑪一ｅ【目呵×①
】○○一⑪二僧・鯛】Ｕ売再一旦⑪二］語・目角。（多里⑪】ｕ何［で目呵忌二回国で⑤巨呵９つ目ロ出白②］ＣＯ函
出巳《８国【具［○愚］日三ＳＣＮ⑪名昌．８５弓目一百日］面冒①冒目。一目。『］何自
甸］。］貝・迫ロ『昂」宮目⑪ご目揖⑪二］、皀扇何リラｃ二ｍでｐｐｏｍｃ｛【巨甸。］損⑪二］⑪ロ『Ｎ「「○二〔目帛切
⑪ロロ＆冒己周⑪ｚ５］⑪旦日８○二三⑪日吋凸芝５二切目○三⑪昌甸ｏ］］５｛何シ目っ①⑪息
、］ｐＵ５函昌］』◎烏①日○の§凹声。》ミミごｍごロ①日①葛】⑪ロ。星⑪己８畳。ｐく
め⑪のロ⑪コゲ福ロゴ
孟這臣。ご垣○で自国△冒皀○二付］』日『ロ三○損の二］四日］旬ｕ◎シご旬①息で口甸か。⑤⑪ｐ］◎
百局でロ国⑪①巳闇屋星切○一⑪Ｑ、］三三」◎回①ロー甸巨Ｃ旨で国』①二］］目冨即呵目○三⑪△日
，岳⑪二コ目。幽日シ息Ｕ昌冨・｛ゴ］⑪｝ぬ国切ｓｇｐ①５出ｏｐごｏｐｏ這切曇⑭三』でロ迫］昌副自
］。］ロ⑪［ロ①』何》⑪■何○一９口、ロ『】何【■⑪凸可四一』一切。』ヨ、量ごｍ①二］へ⑫⑪円一己ロｕｓ『己⑪乏声Ｏ揖司○二
‐ロ回心ロ①切弓③］・旨目的何１３］何］⑪で。菅、⑪署員ロ①目Ｃ夢：０百⑪曰く目。
皀⑪日○三ｐｐＵ宮①日ペロ⑩。一堂く⑪二］⑪２コ。。］。．Ｑ二．勘｛⑩自励息日出○で①⑪量Ｕ
‐己とく⑪］国『日（。］印『ｏ｛Ｃｕｐ逗切損じ二］ミロ⑪曽甸で菖売｛君臣◎一百Ｕ冒一託の二■．Ｅ⑪二一○］
切貝皀垣ｐｏＱＯｏ］①二ｓ息。□：日切目】８－－８百月ご「【日＆ｐＯＵ｝。＄。｛雲君ロ◎垣
‐『ご口昌⑪⑫⑪口甸ロ⑤［①昌伊．①リロロ］△⑪ＵＵ何【芦ローロ属目ＣＱ］。①切目ｕ的甸でロ咀易の二］。ｍ・ゴーｕ
Ｕ印⑪【一一ロ『でロロ⑪Ｕ目の揖似壺石２口。○芦で何］回二］明タコ｜Ｕ一己◎弩の⑪⑰（由宕勧。』司軸量目叩
■。）臼のｐ［■①日皀。。尚凶］二○⑪⑭の二日‐切皀。。』、易巨輔］◎ミ⑪自目。■弓⑪二一○一目一切目｛］
‐］四］○自切⑤めじン｛①⑪〔眉⑪昌与の負①旦己・託⑪昌一。めづ⑤。①ｐ由］凹貝⑭い｛勇一、。」。、←Ｓｍ①⑫⑪自
１句旦甸閂］。Ｕ如何【■『⑪二伊筥⑪巳⑭ｕで⑪『］一『一再ＵｐＯ角旦湯ゴ【■⑪芝く自呵□何局目『］ロ①［■Ｕ一国の
自○昌⑪巴⑪三］己：］ぬ】：ロー凸．（【・□）・臺皀○日⑪ニニロロ①ロ⑪。］⑪５つ項＆切目二。。｛
で目甸目⑪ご○⑫つ甸言二一旨での日局目⑪ＥＣ三ｍロゴ・【出巳］①ロ、同日口⑪弓冨ご旨ｐ⑪⑫①ロ
ー口己同［完｛⑪コワ｛ロゴニＣＯ一切召二］四一弟一目ｃ］○口』甸二与己①［目｛口－９（「「【Ｈ何コ出□①田ごＣＣ村）
旦二巴己三目日何着』。三一首⑪日①］国切ｐＣ三⑫昌切皇］一コ。：①一。垣息口甸昌
詫］「旨⑪勺ご心巨・○で⑪］Ｑ日］切目。。⑪二二ｏ一息△でロ甸閏乱甸ｐ８］Ｕ君日遇
いロ日甸閂］。【【○二二一○５つ「］５宮、眉。即自○ロ⑤］ｏ］息旦望］』餉巨冒昌⑰（でロ２］
の二］二ｍ二○二Ｐ芝５口の［日］⑩日○四』巳目○国勿巴口冒⑪のＳ①百【｛餌⑭○骨①３二］両日・［２
己円
１筒一旦如昌息①一参］・呂局凶旦⑪二一旦己⑪。□．⑪『：皀甸目。８．口功［冒昌］ロ｛口（『⑪二ｍ項
宮凶二Ｕ３ｓ国自己『一句。①冒当。■。］］何日週日８⑤⑪一］『。⑪２①戸一』．⑪。⑪臼①一一Ｑ国目８
貝⑪肩、、■ゴ○易で８容○目⑪戸甸昌］［｛凶冒ゴ。【『⑪息呉冒８２貝．ロ。菖勿巴］の①
⑪二一二息①夢己：ご｛○ｍ■。ｐ言。』②角冨昌岩の彊⑪谷忌昌伊．巨○皀恩ロゴ＆皀多日・
当息で何房｛皇昌甸』ｏ自国ロラ○畠‐望月ご甸巨周］ロ冨日巳売｛忌百函⑪』ぬロ○一⑰⑭、自白
‐巨甸二場宮（員⑪８国］Ｕ何一・弓）ｐ冒創ｓｏ．ご凸塁ご昌具ｓｐミ曽葛⑪面ロｇｏ巨当目甸色昌
ｐ－８三一国昌一三Ｕ［何コ］Ｑ何①二］【目。とロ・二目の「｛何］ｏ①目①、遇Ｕ日二⑪ｐ８く
‐］同一⑪二］白。⑪愚で６］‐ロゴ色⑪⑪］。］ぬごＱｃｐｐｏＱＣ』岩伺う⑪こ○・ぬ昌一一国。◎的』◎的【巨勇⑪］
二二面目。日日８日○日幽皀三一。Ｂｏ的・【巳二ｕ』＄ぬ○一日三出○国【－３二⑪ゴロ圖遣ｏ
こ◎垣リコ』〕⑬ＥＣＵニョ這巨①つ一ｍｍ］Ｕ”で何ｏで巨同Ｅｏｚｍ■」
呂賓鷺貫ミミミＵ「鷺ミミミ圏ミ図誉、冒冒豊菖Ｓ◆胃、
群#蝉
牛
【一］富こ５『Ｅｕ日『肩口・鈎】⑪四）貴い５』０日］臣８吻冨〕。一一ロ』ｓ｛○○二日９．切甸。』一○・一
僧。三何日・酉①ロ。即切目⑪ロ。ここ｛－８のｓｚ５二］。。二句、。○宮ご語一一旬日切目目一望
勇二．で一⑭垣の冒日⑪ロ◎二口の二一自○、ロー胃一弐一百国⑰ロ。。○局Ｕ－Ｑｏ①凸・８句｛已菅ｏ云
語甸己澆筥⑪シ⑪⑪昌一」○旨⑩ロ山■口吻①ロ○二凸。⑪的『⑪のロ○【■Ｕシ⑪。］ロゴでの】○○二ｍロ「①Ｐ
①ロ◎戸■③ンＵ］。『のロロ甸二Ｕ巨富［皀甸里⑩ロ。二口。［『二．【旨⑪昌田。「○○一一国ＵＣ吻呵駒『旨
冒。ｚ・的⑪的○日二。四＄目⑪ゴロ』巳声百０日⑪ごＵ勿。●皇。］日。三ｍ目○二口ｇ【Ｕ８昌閂
’２①、⑰目白で：⑫８残ｏ－ｅＢ⑪⑪二一一呵凹巳８ｐＯニロで⑪㈹甸二ｕ目旦⑪二『①①①「日・甸冒
・白巳冒ｇごロ何コ⑤。ｇ含目白８５（］ロ日］⑰目８旬日言。愚昌］暑売三・⑪ロ・畳
Ｕ［｛］釦目宮の｛参⑪ロ何ｓ目①疽垣声ｐＨ一コ。二』『舅⑪①一コ日日目①］ｏ凶］《自甸Ｕ閂弓釘［艮冨［。■何□
⑭］旬。ご日切。⑭当８：『ロ・『】呵閨①目８口切目宮ゴロ章らｚ・閏。○二出昌一⑪何｛。。Ｂ
⑪ロ。『］甸餌】⑪尹自８８国‐ｓ‐８国《湯ａ⑪【｛】員．ロ。［］何日⑪目８８国‐。］‐①。巴日・酉
５②ゴ①冒吻］Ｕ日］望已①目○二口⑪宮・○日の［一］『巨○皀甸Ｕ官。日日。。］○日出昌呵的記
．⑩ロ５］烏①二］・］も①二Ｕ何］］⑪⑭『一ｕｓ⑪｛員「⑪⑤二目回⑪］何一口８国⑪召ｐＯｐｏ切国で
でＵで旬。｛ロ言○で甸的甸昌《②四口官一『①［国へ多８二勿呵弓］『⑪ロ。項Ｑ－－ＵＵ①旨Ｑ官］昌戸圃夛
甸６百ｏｐ８⑭ロ。⑪一日目⑪×ｕ■○四・勿日⑪一百百⑪Ｎ「冒自ｏ２Ｕ色』○の⑪。。二］二ｍ。Ｂ二一
⑪⑪一一ごロ⑪で固出。○】］何戸皀自口。⑭のロ○二皀『「①。声一一呵巨一四・①ロ○二二○二］〔５ｍロー『何］臣。
■⑩【｛》切目。。『、昌夢四つで皀甸３ｍ呵切８日貝⑪一切日で呵日目○語｛旨⑪コワ①占日◎冒勇『２
２①、二目輿切く宮のシの三○函Ｕｐｏ二口－－８⑪壱○］旨の百○Ｑ日Ｃｕ息一二Ｑｏｅ６二］。ｐ旬望
、ロ『如何⑪⑫⑪日］×①二目・閨＆・ぬＵ冒且目８①巨○ニロ｛－８出巳。シ胃６コ一目の。ｐ切目
８目。］切目「即日，三句ロｏ２ＵＱｍ昌冒◎官房。ご］。⑪一呵切⑪二］⑪一旦日甸×⑪出ｏ田・］一⑪⑫］⑪ロ．①
⑪ゴヶ『ロー出⑪（｛，【。⑪「二雪閂甸巨【ｏ］⑪⑪。『○二。｜甸巨ｏ日⑪口⑪シ宮Ｕ■『］的『づめＵ二吋員閂「⑪ゴで宮
‐「でロ』ロロロ⑪二勇売］皀自⑪ご『］⑪ロ。⑪皀甸］◎営甸已吻⑪巨ＳＱ①△のロ○二△⑪一目ＣＯ【Ｅ⑪二僧
。｛⑪シ①一
一句・○『如呵目Ｃ②①目◎二口①ロ百一‐己⑪×垣］。○㈹。⑪【｛』の。⑪｛こむ■一一』三⑫①ロ。二。⑪｛ｇ⑪一『ｐｏｐ■
⑪出甸③弐一吋Ｐ■①シ①⑪ロ『］甸二］⑭宕呵』宮Ｕロ自切『畠。⑪曰。■三四勺目面呵「⑪『ロ』①ロｏ二ａ①｛百・○Ｐ『
⑤－項笘冴ＣＩＣ項夢Ｉ半国⑪幽閉・一恥１噸”Ｉ他扉壷‐雪》亘琴１己⑪削汽澤坤覚渕〕Ｌ画。ｑ鄙目丙午鯏喜頁弓ｑｐＨｊ目司勾剴刮国日割
８句『ゴロ○二。、。。Ｕ【】】閨◎ヨ『ＵＪ『Ｕ曲つう活『ゴフ・】凹自。■ｎＪ『９５『ｄｊｊｉ９３ｑＱｊ１ｊ：』ＩＩ０ＩＩ‐‐‐
‐句「。ＱＯＤ・の．ロ⑪己〕○百Ｕ２①ｑつめ託｛ロ○■ＵＺ５｛⑫］二句目ＵＵｐ圏二ｕｐＯ二旦⑪「二．日
⑪二］］◎二一三．■、の二」『ぬ⑪葛］ので①」「ロロ⑪二］目閂・一一再。Ｕ二］］○］②○○三○｛ごロ甸易ＯｐＵａ
’国じじ二】。］⑪コマで８口ご［ロの語。。目。ｇ①三３巨・目の一二ＯＢ自国⑪塁圏ご目
５宮とくぬ甸昌。。⑰功⑪。③［已昌ご『Ｕ□⑪］何『ゴＱｏＢ語［Ｕ目⑪ｂごじぅ甸昌⑭］同。旨二日旨ＣＱ
。］訂へ夛息百ｇｏ已甸⑪自甸８・語。Ｕ目ワ囲目○二○⑪一二。旨・巨甸烏閂日○占所［旨何日
‐皀旦⑪日甸。⑩罠○ペａ昌這ｏＥＵ二・｝。ｐ○場二塗『己⑩二］⑪「Ｑ日甸×⑭■○四・①昌一ロ。②］⑪皿
‐己同皿。「ロ（皀一。Ｕ｛①］⑪①一旬｛⑪二］ロ。Ｑ二】Ｕ宮口。］】ロョヨヴロ①鐘ＣＯ⑰一旬。■呵駒】⑪《■①目・ロ
ーｐ】Ｕ二］］・巳』：ｂシ①目⑪目⑪二二四コ○二］｜⑰（何昌二Ｑ目白旬日』何｛。。○口
］８［■のＳ閏⑪四・百。旨①己８の角Ｑロゴめ『的３８コ⑪一⑩、○一ｍ仰【【甸官◎二月〔｛ｕ『三・の着Ｚ
⑨【、一ロミ雇官宮、萱Ｇご閏》ｓ掴｛恩賞ご冨晏言貝昌畠ミミ鷺。Ｕ十日』Ｕ】号二Ｑ
エ
ヶrdrT｡
》
！
鑿篝篝i篝iii:lii篝篝i霧辮 鶏 鶴
紺
330◆【ﾉﾘｺﾋﾟﾑemUv"迩咽励姥'“伽剛Ｃｂ翻漉DJ岬“"⑪〃
■■
Newtomediastudies,thevideorevoMionhaschangedthewaywe
seeourworldtodayTherewereoncevelyquiettownsandcitieswith-
outsatellitedishesorVCRslnl985,PicolyertraveledtoAsiaandcap-
turedtheAyb瓶culturUsofEastandWestHewasoneofthefirstto
describehow)throughvideo,Ｕ､Ｓ・cultu1℃hastransfOrmedthepeople
ofAsia：
Suddenly,then,Americacouldbelbunduncensoredineven[ｈｅ
worldもmostclosedsocieIies・intacMnevenitsmosLdistantcor‐
VvorldもmostclosedsocieIiesintactJinevenitsmosLdistantc（
、ers・PeasanMnChmaorthe[fbrmer]SovieUUnioncouldnow
enjoyimagesofswimmingpools,shoppingmalls,ａｎｄothers[ar
spangledpleasuresofthcAffluentSocietyinsidetheiTownliving
rooms；remotevillagersinBurmacouldnowapplaudRambdS
lalge喉than-lifd1eroicsonlydaysafterthcyhiLthesc唾ensofWisconsinjandLheLi"彫HOZdscolTtA巴jPmi詑巳wasnowpartofthe
neighborhoodinlO8countriesaroundtheworld.(1989,ｐ,６）
Beyondvideqvideogameshavealsosignificantlychangedtheface
甲Ｐ▲四
ofthCmediaindustIyBrianGInden,MTVbExecutiveVicePresidcnt
ofMusicandTnlentProgramming,ＣＯmmented，“Whenilcomesto
pacingJaction,ａｎｄcapturingyouthculturerightnoW,itballcoming
fromvideogames',(aScitedinJensen,2002)．
Newtechnologyhasdefinitelychangedthef2Lceofvideogames、
Japanesecompaniesstartedmakinggamemachinesfbrthehomcthat
werebiggelBstronge囚ａｎｄｆａｓｔｅｍＮｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｄｉｄｙｏｕｎｅｅｄｃｏｉnsor
changefOr[I1earcade;ｖｉｄｃｏｇａｍｅｓｗｅｒｅｍｏ唾complex､Ｏｖｅｒ６０ｐｅｒ‐
centofUS・Americansplayvideogames(overl45millionpeople,with
anaverageageofZ8)(Jensen,2002).Wilhtheadvancedtechnology
andgreatertalentofgraphicar[ists,evenhip-hopstarsa蛇crosSing
overtovideogamestoappearascharactersmgamesJeffJensen
(ZOOZ)proclaimedthaMdeogameshavebecoｍｅ,`themedium,capablcofcreatingicons(e､9.,Mario,Sonic,LaraCroft),crazes(e,９，
PokelTTo〃andDaI2ceDqlTceRevo！以血〃aresweepingarcadesand
PlayStationsworldwide),andlalgerculturalripples(e､9.,fromLransbrmingTVsportspresentationstochangingthewaystomesa１℃toldin
films),,(ＰＺ３)．
Ｉｎａｓｅｎｓｅ,ｖｉｄｅｏｇａｍｅｓａｌｌｏｗｕｓｔｈｃｓａｍｅｐｌｅａｓｕ唾aswatching
I1calitytelevision:livingthroughtheeyesofanotherandtlyingtofind
outwhowearcthmughinteractingwiththosewhoarelivingoutside
ofourworldWtｮcannottalkabouttheinfluenceofvideogameswith-
outmentioninganime.Ａ冗伽e,ｏｒａｎimation,hasbecomeanimportant
aspectofmainst1℃ａｍＵＳ・cul[u鑓.Itspopularityisnotlimitedtothe
UnitedStates､AnimationextendsitsboundariestoEastAsiancoun‐
triesaswellasEurope・Animeisafbrmofmainstreampopularculture
andanintellectuallychallengingartform（Napie町2001)Ontelevi-
蕊
ji l Ii
蕊議
》・議騨離灘譲騨職
ｖｉｄｅｏ:IdentityTransfbrmation
ChaprerlZ◆Ｃｂ…江"如吻"ｍ`“肋`力柳砒MjZZl?"J妙３３１
蕊
/蔓轤
櫛…
il h
2Ugu1U｣幽竺E三l塞旦ndChe亡kpoin璽一
Thischapterexplo正dshiftingvaluepatternsandthedeｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ
ｏｆａｎｅ・netglobalidentityTheauthol醤believethatthee・netculture
hasstartedanewcommunicationrevolutionthaudrasticallytransfbrmsindividuals'senseofspace,time,andidentityissuesonaglobとhl
leveLMoreimportant，throughthedialecticallens，threedialectical
challengesLlcee･nete曙intheircontemporawcomlnunicaIjonpro-
cess2pmvacyversuscommunity)monotrackvelmsmultitrackorien[a‐
tion,andidentityalienationandinclusionThissectionnamednumer‐
ouspopcultureexamplestoillustrateglobalidentitiesinaction，In
particulal；import-exporttelwisionShows，hip-hopmusic，fashion
accessoriesandelectronicgadgets,andvideogamesaswellaStheir
inHuｅｎｃｅｏｎｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄａｔｔｈegIoballevelwe正。is‐
cussed・NewgenerationsofindMdualsareattemptingtocreateadisti､ctiveenetglobalidentitybasedonacollaborativelilsionofindivid‐
ualismandcollectivism,thus,engaginginco山bojmiWiMiW血ｕｌｆｓ"2．
Ｗｅｎｅｅｄｔｏｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅ・netcommunicationHexibilitybyreHectingon
someof[hefbllowingcheckpoints：
oOuridentityisvulnerableandChanging、T1ytodevelopa
deepcrunderstandingwiththosewhoshareourphysical
spaceandvirtualspace､Ｗｅａｒｅｎｏｗ,insomeselectaspccts，
３３Ｚ◆（んzu2b“"dｵﾋﾞﾘｕｇ血花'rzJ伽FzzJCbJ"""'"J“2ｍ〃
Ｇｄ
moresimilarthanwehavebeenbecauseofvirtualrealityin-
fluences・Thereisasenseofsharedcommon-groundcommu‐
nitywithotherswholiveacrosstheglobe・
GFlexibilityallowsonenottobecomesolntemet-centricnor
contact-cenlricThoseindMdualswhoarenotdigitallysawy
needtoundcrstan。howthelnternetcanhelpthemcommu‐
nicateonadifhCntplayingfield･Internet-centricindMdu‐
alsmustlearnfmmcontact-centricindividualsthattheirbe‐
_|}ilH3墓｣:l蓋hiRlR::lnliK3inHlRlnLlhlt;:昊麗:1遇131塁11鼓
（i､e､,thosewhorelyheavilyonenetexchanges)andcontact‐
cen[ricindMdua1ｓ(i､e､,thosewhorelyheavilyonface-tofacecontacts)togainbetterinsightsintotheothergroupRemembel-welearnmostfTompeoplewhoaredif比rentfTom
us・Creativityalsoblossomsbecauseofdiversemindsetsand
dive曙ｅｗｏｌｋｈａｂｉｔｓ
ｂＢｅａｗａｒｃｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔandexportofUScul[ure・Modern
technologyhasblurreddistinctivecultu画llmesBeopento
thosewhothinktheyshareaspectsofUS・culture(atleast
thetipoftheicebergofUS,culture)andwhofbrmimpressionsandstel迫ｏｔＷｅｓａｂｏｕｔＵＳ、culturebasedonthisex‐
portedculture、
cAskquestionsinaculture-sensitivemanner1Donotbeafraid
toseekadditionalinfbrmationｗｈｅｎｙｏｕａ1℃notsux℃ａｂｏｕｔ
ｔｈｅｅ.、etidentityofanother，Learntobepatientwith
nontechnologicalcultulnaltypesandvicevel竃a．
●Becauseoftheinfluenceofdiffbrentelectronicgadgets,ｗｅ
ａ1℃goinglocommunicatemoreandmorewithmdividuals
whohavedive曙ｅｌearningstyles(e､9.,Visual,auditoly,tac‐
tile/kinesthetic);weneedtobemindfulofourownlearning
stylesandalsorespectfUlofandadaptivetoothers'1eaming
stylesandplcfb正nces．◆
itF5
輻
エヨ
詞
JUIlJ
＝■‐
Ｃｈａｐｔｅｒｌ３・岸
一■■
I:ＨｌＩＩＩ(ご≦i雪''１M蝿i菫珊＝
ｃｏｍｍｕ晒並ａ産ｃ胸？
iFT1T霊■I･-G三二．■+ヒー凸は円二
「ヨー､少J‐．『
Ul i
Jl li
333