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saqarTvelos radios istoria
saqarTvelos radios istoria ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti eldar iberi, Tea mJavanaZe, nana talaxaZe saqarTvelos radios istoria prof. e. iberis saerTo redaqciiT `saqarTvelos radios istoria~ momzadda iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetze. esaa pirveli monografiuli naSromi saqarTvelos radios istoriaze da moicavs mTel mis saqmianobas daarsebidan 2004 wlis bolomde, roca igi saxelmwifo struqturidan sazogadoebriv mauwyeblad gardaiqmna. naSromi emyareba didZal saarqivo masalasa da radios fondSi dacul audioCanawerebs, radiopresis cnobebs, am sferoze arsebul publikaciebs, radios veteranTa mogonebebs, TviTon avtorTa erTi nawilis radioSi muSaobis mravalwlian gamocdilebas. naSromi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes damxmare saxelmZRvanelod umaRles saswavleblebSi `qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriis~ kursis Seswavlisas, aseve SeiZleba gamoadges am dargSi momuSave specialistebsa da radiomauwyeblobis praqtikos muSakebs. masSi, albaT, saTanado masala moiZebneba maTTvisac, vinc dainteresebulia saqarTvelos politikuri cxovrebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis uaxlesi istoriis sakiTxebiT. recenzentebi: prof. niko leoniZe prof. Tamaz jologua © Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2009 ISBN 978-9941-13-117-2 Sesavali oTxmoc welze meti gavida mas Semdeg, rac saqarTveloSi daiwyo regularuli radiomauwyebloba. damTavrda erTi didi monakveTi saqarTvelos radios istoriisa, roca igi saxelmwifo mauwyeblobas warmoadgenda (sul ramdenime welia, rac man sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis statusi SeiZina). es monakveTi or gansxvavebul epoqas moicavs: pirveli — sabWoTa da meore — damoukidebeli saqarTvelosi da, ra Tqma unda, uTuod imsaxurebs Seswavlas, miT umetes, rom dRemde arsebuli yvela gamokvleva qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriaSi mxolod presas Seexeboda (Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli statiebi Tu popularuli broSurebi principulad arafers cvlis). asec ar iyos, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radio erTaderTi radio iyo qveyanaSi TiTqmis 70 wlis manZilze da Tu, rogorc ityvian, radio `istoriis wamis isaria~, am isris moZraoba, gansakuTrebiT istoriis mniSvnelovan wuTebSi, ar SeiZleba interess ar iwvevdes. yovel istoriul gamokvlevas Tavisi konkretuli miznebi da amocanebi aqvs, magram, cxadia, masze am sferosaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogadi kanonzomierebanic axdens gavlenas. es pirvel rigSi Seexeba erovnuli istoriis nebismieri sakiTxis Seswavlas. ilia WavWavaZis sityvebi rom gavixsenoT, `eris dacema da gaTaxsireba maSin iwyeba, roca eri, Tavis saubedurod, Tavis istorias iviwyebs. rogorc kacad ar ixseneba is mawanwala bogana, visac aRar axsovs — vin aris, saidam modis da sad midis, isec erad saxsenebeli ar aris igi, romelsac RmerTi gaswyromia da Tavisi istoria ar axsovs. ra aris istoria? igia mTxrobeli misi Tu, — rani viyaviT, rani varT da rad SesaZloa viyvneT kvlavadac~.1 1 ilia WavWavaZe, daviT aRmaSenebeli, rCeuli nawarmoebebi xuT tomad, tomi IV, Tbilisi, 1987, gv. 153. 5 nebismieri sazogadoebrivi movlenis axsna da gaazreba SeuZlebelia im istoriuli wanamZRvrebis gareSe, ramac misi dRevandeli saxe ganapiroba. saqarTvelos radio evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebis radiomauwyeblobaTa Tanadroulad Camoyalibda da mravali aTeuli wlis manZilze ara marto saxelmwifo ideologias emsaxureboda, aramed amave dros mxarSi edga qarTul kulturasa da xelovnebas, iRvwoda qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azris ganviTarebisaTvis, erovnuli cnobierebisa da sayovelTao sakacobrio RirebulebaTa damkvidrebisaTvis. imisaTvis, rom srulad gaverkveT saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis dRevandel procesebsa da momavlis perspeqtivaSi, gavigoT, `rani varT da rad SesaZloa viyvneT~, pirvel rigSi unda gaviazroT, ra fundamentze iqmneboda igi da ra gamocdileba daedo safuZvlad, ra unda SevinarCunoT da ra davtovoT istoriis kuTvnilebad. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania dRes, kosmopolitizmis moZalebis xanaSi, roca radios (da televiziis) zogierTi `moRvawe~ ironiulad aRiqvams samamulo mauwyeblobis tradiciebs da cdilobs eTeridan gamodevnos publicistika, mxatvruli literatura, xelovneba — Secvalos isini iaffasiani gasarTobi programebiT. es viTomda Seesabameba mediis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebs, romelic mxolod informaciiTa da garTobiT SemoisazRvreba da gamoricxavs ganaTlebisa da esTetikuri aRzrdis funqciebs, sabavSvo auditoriis interesebs, socialur pasuxismgeblobas. aranakleb mniSvnelovania isic, rom qveynis demokratizaciis dRevandel pirobebSi SesaZlebeli gaxda warsuli movlenebis adekvaturi Sefaseba, ideologiur dogmebsa da konformistul koncefciebze uaris Tqma, istoriuli suraTis obieqturad warmoCena. naSromTan mimarTebiT es obieqturoba emyareba didZali saarqivo masalisa da radios fondSi daculi audioCanawerebis Seswavlas, radiopresis cnobebs, am sferoze arsebul publikaciebs, radios veteranTa mogonebebs, TviTon avtorebis erTi nawilis radioSi muSaobis mravalwlian gamocdilebas. radiomauwyebloba, garda imisa, rom masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa sistemis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia, 6 amave dros TviTon warmoadgens sistemas — teqnikurs, organizaciuls, programuls. es ki niSnavs, rom mis funqcionirebaze zegavlenas axdens yoveli samauwyeblo rgoli, yoveli calkeuli elementi. aqedan gamomdinare, misi Seswavla aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes or aspeqts, sistemurobis or dones: jer erTi, ganixilavdes radiomauwyeblobis saxeobebs, programebsa da Janrebs ara rogorc avtonomiur, Tavis TavSi Caketil struqturebs, aramed rogorc erTi mTliani warmonaqmnis elementebs; da, meore, izolirebulad, sxva saSualebebidan mowyvetilad ki ar gaiazrebdes radiomauwyeblobas, aramed informaciisa da xelovnebis monaTesave arxebTan urTierTkavSirSi (miT umetes, rom radiomauwyebloba ara mxolod Jurnalistikis, aramed mTeli dRevandeli kulturis aucilebeli da metad mniSvnelovani nawilia, mraval sistemur kavSirSia CarTuli). aseTia Tanamedrove `konteqsturi azrovnebis~, humanitaruli codnisadmi sistemuri midgomis moTxovna, rac tradiciuli JurnalistikamcodneobisTvis naklebad iyo damaxasiaTebeli. naSromSi gamoyenebuli kvlevis istorizmis, sistemurobisa da kompleqsurobis principebi ganapirobebs imas, rom TiToeuli sakiTxi ganixileba misi ganviTarebis procesSi, sxva sakiTxebsa da problemebTan urTierTkavSirSi, sxvadasxva meTodiT, rogorc istoriul-Teoriuli, ise praqtikuli TvalTaxedviT. aseve, gulubryviloba iqneboda saqarTvelos radios Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis procesis analizi arsebuli politikuri konteqstisa da socialur-filosofiuri koncefciebisagan mowyvetiT, konkretuli istoriuli pirobebis gauTvaliswineblad. aman ganapiroba kvlevis procesSi sabWoTa epoqis zogierTi naSromis gamoyenebac miuxedavad maTi zogadTeoriuli da meTodologiuri xarvezebisa. amanve gansazRvra Sesaswavli procesis periodizaciac, rac istoriuli gamokvlevis erT-erT centralur sakiTxs warmoadgens da sabolood ganapirobebs naSromis kompoziciur struqturas. aq, ra Tqma unda, gaTvaliswinebulia radioJurnalistikaze socialuri konteqstis gavlena, masze sazogadoebis politikuri da ideologiuri sistemis zemoqmedeba, magram amave dros Tavisi adgili eTmoba im procesebis mimdinareobas, ro7 melic TviTon radiomauwyeblobis Sinagani bunebiT aris ganpirobebuli. 80 wlis manZilze, rac saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba Jurnalistikis sistemis Semadgenel nawilad iqca, man gaiara is samive ZiriTadi etapi, romelic saerTod damaxasiaTebelia masobrivi informaciis yvela saSualebisaTvis: 1. warmoSoba da Camoyalibeba; 2. teqnikuri da SemoqmedebiTi simwife; 3. Semdgomi specializacia, sakuTari specifikis maqsimaluri gamomJRavneba informaciis sxva saSualebebTan konkurenciis pirobebSi. amasTan, Tu pirveli ori etapi radiomauwyeblobis ganviTarebis Sinagani kanonzomierebebiT iyo ganpirobebuli da beWduri Jurnalistikis formebis jer aTvisebis, xolo Semdeg gadalaxvis gziT mimdinareobda, mesame etapi ZiriTadad ganapiroba televiziis warmoSobam da saeTero JurnalistikaSi radiomauwyeblobis monopolizmis dasrulebam. yovelive es qveynis istoriis ZiriTad etapebTan erTad safuZvlad daedo saqarTvelos radios istoriis periodizacias. yovel calkeul periodSi, konkretuli socialur-politikuri situaciis Sesabamisad icvleboda saqarTvelos radios amocanebi, magram ar icvleboda misi arsi. radios sazogadoebrivi daniSnuleba ganisazRvreboda im socialuri funqciebiT, im roliTa da adgiliT, romelic mas ganekuTvneboda arsebuli sazogadoebis politikur struqturaSi. sabWoTa periodSi igi, rogorc masobrivi informaciisa da propagandis saSualeba, Tavis mxriv, ufro didi sistemis — komunisturi ideologiis, komunisturi aRzrdis sistemis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawili iyo, emyareboda mkacrad gansazRvrul principebsa da meTodebs da xelisuflebis instruments warmoadgenda sazogadoebis marTvis sferoSi. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos radio aqtiurad asrulebda sayovelTao agitatorisa da propagandistis rols — msmenels awvdida operatiul informacias, ganumartavda mocemul etapze partiis politikas, propagandas uwevda sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi momxdar ekonomikur da kulturul gardaqmnebs. radioprogramebSi operatiulad da partiuli poziciiT aisaxeboda yvela is politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli movlena, romelic sabWoTa kavSirSi da, kerZod, Cvens respublikaSi xdeboda eqvsi aTeuli wlis 8 manZilze. amasTan, radiomauwyeblobis roli mxolod informaciiTa da propagandiT rodi amoiwureboda. sxvadasxva Jurnalisturi formebis gamoyenebiT igi kontrols uwevda partiuli da saxelmwifo direqtivebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas, sawarmoo-ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebis gadawyvetas da, amdenad, saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis erT-erT organosac warmoadgenda. damoukidebel saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo radiom udidesi cvlilebebi ganicada. man gaiara yvela is etapi, rac damaxasiaTebelia axalfexadgmuli demokratiis qveynebis masobrivi informaciis saSualebebisaTvis. marTalia, igi kvlav ganicdida xelisuflebisagan garkveul zewolas, magram amave dros, aSkarad gamoikveTa demokratiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobanic: informaciis monopolizacia Seicvala informaciis TavisuflebiT, klasobrivi, partiuli kategoriebiT azrovneba ideologiuri pluralizmiT, masebze manipulatoruli zemoqmedeba sazogadoebaSi masobriv-informaciuli urTierTobis uzrunvelyofiT da a.S. amasTan, saqarTvelos radiom SeinarCuna da ganaviTara Tavisi didi kulturtregeruli tradiciebi. igi xom aTeulobiT wlebis manZilze emsaxureboda sazogadoebis sulier ganviTarebas, codnisa da kulturis gavrcelebas, akumulaciasa da momavali TaobebisaTvis gadacemas (Tumca propagandistuli funqciisagan arc es saqmianoba iyo mTlianad Tavisufali). Tavisi teqnikuri specifikis gamo mas xelovnebis reproduqciis meti saSualebanic gaaCnda beWdur JurnalistikasTan SedarebiT (gansakuTrebiT musikaluri xelovnebisa da Teatris sferoSi) da udides rols asrulebda mxatvruli kulturis demokratizaciis procesSi — yoveldRiurad aziarebda xelovnebas uamrav adamians. saqarTvelos radios yovel ojaxSi mihqonda gamarTuli qarTuli sityva, acnobda qarTuli prozisa da poeziis brwyinvale nimuSebs, asmeninebda qarTul musikasa da qarTul speqtaklebs uniWieres xelovanTa SesrulebiT (Tumca arc msoflio literaturasa da msoflio xelovnebas iviwyebda), bavSvebs uambobda zRaprebs, ufrosebs aswavlida xalxuri simRerebis Sesrulebas. ar darCenila sulieri cxovrebis arc 9 erTi sfero, Tavisi adgili rom ar hqonoda miCenili saqarTvelos radios programaSi; ar yofila arc erTi qarTveli mwerali, poeti, musikosi, msaxiobi, mecnieri, sazogado moRvawe, romelic saqarTvelos radios yuradRebis miRma darCeniliyo. aseve, bevri TvalsaCino qarTveli msaxiobi, musikosi, mwerali Tu mecnierebis warmomadgeneli muSaobda radios sxvadasxva redaqciaSi da gansazRvravda mis profesiul dones. radios iSviaTi Canawerebis umdidresi fondi XX saukunis saqarTvelos xmovan matianes warmoadgens. man momaval Taobebs Semounaxa akaki wereTlis, galaktion tabiZis, giorgi leoniZis, konstantine gamsaxurdias, grigol robaqiZis, ivane javaxiSvilis, nikoloz musxeliSvilis, akaki SaniZis, giorgi axvledianisa da mravali sxva saxelovani mamuliSvilis xmebi, qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis didi ostatebis — Zmebi erqomaiSvilebis, niko xurcias, sandro kavsaZis, avqsenti megreliZis, Zuku paWkorias, dedas levanas, debi iSxnelebisa da sxvaTa unikaluri Canawerebi. qarTuli literaturis, xelovnebis, politikisa Tu sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis verc erTi mkvlevari gverds ver auvlis am masalas — mis gareSe gacilebiT Raribad warmoCndeboda XX saukunis meore naxevris qarTuli kultura. ase rom, saqarTvelos radioSi mimdinare istoriuli procesebi erTmniSvnelovnad ver Sefasdeba. ori mimarTuleba — politikuri da kulturuli — gansazRvravda mis saqmianobas mTeli misi arsebobis manZilze da Tumca orive erTmaneTTan mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli, TiToeulma Tavisi kvali datova qveynis sulier cxovrebaSi. ra Tqma unda, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan bevri ram sul sxvanairad Cans. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom globaluri televiziis, internetisa da multimediis ganviTarebis epoqaSi radio veRarasodes daikavebs im adgils, romelic mas Tundac oriode aTwleulis win ekava. magram sazogadoebis masobriv-informaciuli urTierTobis ganviTarebis istoriaSi man Tavisi roli Seasrula da es roli yovelgvari miCqmalvisa da gazviadebis gareSe unda iqnes gaazrebuli. 10 Tavi I radiomauwyeblobis aRmoceneba da Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi (1925-1940) me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi msoflioSi mimdinare teqnikurma progresma xeli Seuwyo eleqtrokavSiris warmoSobasa da ganviTarebas. am process Cvens qveyanaSi metad Taviseburi da saintereso istoria aqvs. jer kidev 1859 wels, cnobili qarTveli poetisa da imxanad kavkasiis mTavarmarTeblis movaleobis Semsruleblis grigol orbelianis iniciativiT, xeli moewera eleqtromagnituri telegrafis debulebas, romelic iTvaliswinebda satelegrafo kavSiris damyarebas Tbilissa da foTs Soris. am mizniT saqarTveloSi moiwvies cnobili germaneli mecnierisa da gamomgoneblis, berlinis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevris, firma `simensisa da halskes~ xelmZRvanelis verlen fon simensis umcrosi Zma inJineri valter simensi, visi xelmZRvanelobiTac 1860 wels damontaJda saqarTveloSi pirveli sadenebiani satelegrafo xazi — foTi-Tbilisi. kontraqtis Tanaxmad valter simensma gaagrZela muSaoba (igi TbilisSi dasaxlda ojaxTan erTad da aqve gardaicvala 1868 wels) da 1863 wlis 12 ianvars pirveli depeSebi gacvales Tbilisma da stavropolma. 1864 wels damTavrda satelegrafo xazis Tbilisi-erevani-julfas mSenebloba, 1865 wels — Tbilisi-Teiranis, 1868 wels ki — Tbilisi-baqosi. 1870 wels amuSavda msoflioSi yvelaze grZeli 11000 kilometri sigrZis satelegrafo xazi inglisi-indoeTi, romlis nawili saqarTvelos teritoriazec gadioda (soWi-soxumi-zugdidi-Sorapani-Tbilisi-diliJani-erevani-naxWevani-Tavrizis mimarTulebiT). mas indoevropis telegrafs uwodebdnen da misi moqmedebis periodSi (1931 wlamde) `Tbilisi saerTaSoriso satranzito de11 peSebis erT-erTi aRiarebuli centri iyo evropasa da aziaSi~.1 ufro gvian periods ganekuTvneba saqarTveloSi radiotelegrafis (umavTulo telegrafis) ganviTareba. rogorc cnobilia, radiotelegrafi imiT gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove radiomauwyeblobisagan, rom ar ZaluZs adamianis xmis an musikis gadacema da pirobiTi niSnebis sistemas, e.w. morzes anbans iyenebs. mxolod me-19 saukunis bolos, jer 1894 wels italiaSi, Semdeg ki 1896 wels inglisSi italielma inJinerma gulelmo markonim pirvelad SeZlo amgvari radiosatelegrafo kavSiris ganxorcieleba. manve 1897 wels miiRo patenti `umavTulo kavSirisaTvis eleqtromagnituri talRebis gamoyenebaze~ da Camoayaliba mZlavri aqcioneruli sazogadoeba Seqmnili aparatis masobrivi warmoebisaTvis. saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis istoriis mniSvnelovani furcelia qarTveli gamomgoneblis grigol (nikoloz) naxucriSvilis moRvaweobac. igi 1900-1905 wlebSi swavlobda qalaq derptis (igive q. iurievis, axlandeli tartus) universitetSi sabunebismetyvelo fakultetze da didi mondomebiT muSaobda axali tipis xelsawyos — informaciis umavTulo gadamcemi aparatis modelis Seqmnaze. grigol naxucriSvilma 1902-1904 wlebSi g. markonisa da al. popovisagan damoukideblad Seqmna maT mier damzadebuli xelsawyoebisagan gansxvavebuli eleqtrokavSiris asoTmbeWdavi aparatis originaluri konstruqcia, romelic radiokavSiris avtomaturi miReba-gadacemis saSualebas iZleoda.2 samwuxarod, radios qarTvel gamomgonebelze mwiri informacia mogvepoveba. mis Sesaxeb qarTvelma sazogadoebriobam mxolod 1906 wlis 5 martis `cnobis furclis~ suraTebian damatebaSi gamoqveynebuli werilidan Seityo, romelic misi gardacvalebis wlisTavs mieZRvna. masSi, garda gr. naxucriSvilis biografiisa, dabeWdilia gamomgoneblis fotoportreti da misi xelsawyos foto warweriT: `grigol naxucriSvilis mier gamogonebuli manqana 1 a. karbelaSvili, transkontinenturi telegrafis xazi saqarTveloSi, Tb., 2000, gv. 17. 2 d. CubinaSvilis saxelobis Telavis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi, $ 2218, gv. 14. 12 umavTulo telegrafiisa~. iqve, sqolioSi ki miTiTebulia: `es aparati igzavneba redaqciaSi. aRweriloba misi, samwuxarod, daikarga, radgan sxva bargTan erTad ar miuRiaT mSoblebs~. gr. naxucriSvilma xelmokleobis gamo ver SeZlo Canafiqris bolomde ganxorcieleba da aRiarebis mopoveba, mZimed daavadebuli 29 wlis asakSi, 1905 wels, gardaicvala samSoblosgan Sors, q. derptSi da iqvea dakrZaluli, xolo mis mier gamogonebuli xelsawyos ramdenime detali — klaviaturisa da cilindris nawili amJamad inaxeba d. CubinaSvilis saxelobis Telavis istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi. saqarTveloSi radiomeurneobis CamoyalibebisaTvis pirveli seriozuli nabiji gadaidga 1910 wels, rodesac navTluRSi aigo radiosadguri, romelic ekuTvnoda samxedro uwyebas da umetesad savele radiosadgurebTan kavSirgabmulobisaTvis iyenebdnen. es iyo rusebis mier damontaJebuli erTaderTi mcire simZlavris naperwklovani mimReb-gadamcemi radiosadguri TbilisSi, romlis saSualebiTac radiokavSiri xorcieldeboda baqosTan, yarsTan, saratovsa da astraxanTan. 1917 wels baTumSic aSenda 10-kilovatiani sanapiro radiosadguri, erTi wlis Semdeg ki foTSi — 5-kilovatiani. saqarTveloSi jer kidev ar iyo samoqalaqo radiosadgurebi. pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg informaciisadmi gazrdilma moTxovnilebam kidev ufro daaCqara radioteqnikis ganviTareba. ruseTSi, oqtombris revoluciis Semdeg, 1918 wlis 21 ivliss saxkomsabWos mier gamocemulma dekretma `ruseTis respublikis radioteqnikuri saqmianobis centralizaciis Sesaxeb~1 faqtobrivad saxelmwifo monopolia gamoacxada ruseTSi arsebul radiogadamcem sadgurebze da sxva radioteqnikur saSualebebze. am dros saqarTvelo ukve aRar Sedioda ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi da damoukideblobis gzaze Semdgar axal respublikas Tavad unda ezruna saerTaSoriso sakomunikacio sivrceSi sakuTari adgilis mosapoveblad. magram 1918-1921 wlebSi saqarTveloSi arsebuli rTuli politikuri da ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo es procesi Seferxda. damontaJda mxolod mcire simZlavris oriode 1 Глейзер М. С. Радио и телевидение В СССР (1917-1963), М., 1965, ст. 10. 13 radiosadguri da isic ucxo saxelmwifoebis mier, romelTa misiebi saqarTveloSi SemosvlisTanave TavianT qveynebTan damakavSirebel sakomunikacio saSualebebis Seqmnazec zrunavdnen. 1918 wels germanelebis samxedro uwyebam TbilisSi, navTluRSi, Zveli radiosadguris SenobaSi gamarTa 15-kilovatiani mimReb-gadamcemi naperwklovani radiosadguri da aRmarTa foladis anZa qolguri tipis anteniT. 1919 wels ki, TbilisSi, saburTaloze, italiis samxedro misiam moawyo 5-kilovatiani rkaluri radiosadguri romTan dasakavSireblad.1 saqarTveloSi inglisis jaris SemosvlisTanave, germanelebmac da italielebmac datoves saqarTvelos teritoria da maT mier dadgmuli radioaparaturac aqve darCa. cxadia, rom 1918-1921 wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi ucxoelebis mier mowyobili radiosadgurebi isev maT politikur miznebs emsaxureboda da srulebiTac ar iTvaliswinebda axalSeqmnili respublikis interesebs. amdenad, erovnuli radiomauwyeblobisaTvis saWiro materialur-teqnikuri bazis Seqmna isev saqarTvelos xelisuflebis ZalisxmeviTa da finansebiT unda ganxorcielebuliyo. am sakiTxs did propagandas uwevda imdroindeli beWduri sityvac, romelic radios arnaxul SesaZleblobebsa da perspeqtivebze amaxvilebda yuradRebas da igi damoukidebeli saxelmwifos ekonomikuri da politikuri winsvlis erTerT berketad miaCnda. am TvalsazrisiT saintereso masalas gvawvdis 1919 wels q. quTaisSi gamocemuli al. nazariSvilis wigni `umavTulo telegrafi anu radiotelefoni~, romelsac Tan axlavs `eleqtrobis terminebis rusul-germanul-qarTuli mokle leqsikoni~. es naSromi gaJRenTilia Rrma patriotizmiT, romelic evropul sivrceSi saqarTvelos myarad damkvidrebis surviliTaa damuxtuli da amis erT-erT aucilebel pirobad erovnuli radiomauwyeblobis Seqmnas acxadebs. saqarTvelos pirveli respublikis kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sayuradRebo masalaa Tavmoyrili imdroindel periodikaSic. magaliTad, Jurnal `saqarTvelos vaWroba da mrewvelobis~ 1920 wlis 1 ivnisis nomerSi gamoqveynebuli werili — `saqarTveloSi mZlavri radi1 14 saq. uicsa, f. 600, aR. 1. saq., 1791, gv. 21. otelegrafis sadguris dadgma~ gvamcnobs, rom 1919-1920 wlebSi radioteqnikis sakiTxebs saqarTvelos teqnikuri komitetis eleqtroteqnikuri ganyofileba xelmZRvanelobda da igi arsebuli radiosadgurebis gaumjobesebis mizniT msoflios wamyvan qveynebTan awarmoebda molaparakebas. 1920 wels franguli firmis Société Générale de Radio-télégraphe xelmZRvanelobam saqarTvelos mxares SesTavaza axali tipis mZlavri radiosadguris damontaJeba, romlis msgavsi danadgari 1917 wlidan warmatebiT muSaobda safrangeTSi da uzrunvelyofda dRisiT kavSirs aranakleb 6000 kilometris radiusiT, RamiT ki — orjer meti radiusiT. rogorc werilis anonimuri avtori irwmuneba, `axali radiosadguri saSualebas mogvcems uSualod dRis kavSiri davamyaroT evropul da aziur centrebTan (parizi, berlini, londoni, stokholmi da a.S.), rac mniSvnelovnad Seamsubuqebs diplomatiur da komerciul urTierTobebs~. magram, rogorc werilidan irkveva, saqarTvelos teqnikuri komitetis eleqtroteqnikuri ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneloba frTxilad moekida safrangeTis mxaris winadadebas da gadawyvita, xelSekruleba mxolod mas Semdeg gaformebuliyo, rodesac firmis mier SemoTavazebuli radiosadguris avkargianobaze `sazRvargareTidan gamoigzavneboda Sesabamisi cnoba da sxvadasxva firmebs Soris moewyoboda Sejibri~. TavSekavebis erT-erTi seriozuli mizezi, savaraudod, radiosadguris sakmaod soliduri Rirebulebac — 12 milioni maneTi bonebSi — unda yofiliyo, romlis gadaxda axalSeqmnil respublikas gauWirdeboda da proeqtic aRar ganxorcielebula. samagierod, ioli gamosavali moiZebna, Catarda TbilisSi ukve arsebuli radiosadguris rekonstruqcia da mis bazaze didubeSi 1920 wlis zafxulSi amuSavda mimReb-gadamcemi radiosadguri ruseTidan da evropis sxva qveynebidan presis masalebis misaRebad, romelic Semdgom Sio CitaZis quCaze gadaitanes. swored am radiosadgurTan aris dakavSirebuli radiomauwyeblobis warmoSoba saqarTveloSi. 1921 wlis dasawyisSi, sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg, aq arsebuli radioteqnikuri saSualebebi mTlianad sabWoTa xelisuflebis kontrols daeqvemdebara. saqarTvelo axalSeqmnili socialisturi saxelmwifos komu15 nikaciur sivrceSi aRmoCnda. am droidan dawyebuli, 80-iani wlebis bolomde, saqarTveloSi radiomauwyeblobis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba uSualodaa ganpirobebuli sabWoTa kavSirSi mimdinare politikuri da ideologiuri procesebiT. es savsebiT logikuria, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 70 wlis manZilze saqarTvelo politikurad, ideologiurad da ekonomikurad sabWoTa saxelmwifos ganuyofeli nawili iyo da mas sulieri Tu materialuri cxovrebis arc erT sferoSi ar gaaCnda damoukidebeli ganviTarebis saSualeba (swored amitom saqarTvelos radios istoriis udides nawils ganvixilavT aRniSnul procesebTan kavSirSi, rac misi ganviTarebis yoveli momentis sruli da obieqturi analizis saSualebas iZleva). axalma xelisuflebam imTaviTve farTomasStabiani saqmianoba wamoiwyo radiomeurneobis CamoyalibebisaTvis da, ukve 1921 wlis bolos, axalgazrda radiospecialistebma SemdgomSi cnobili radioinJinris d. xmiadaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT rekonstruqcia Cautares TbilisSi arsebul naperwklovan radiosadgurs, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada mudmivi radiokavSiris damyareba moskovTan. aseve SekeTda baTumisa da foTis radiosadgurebic. 1923 wlidan amierkavkasiis fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT daCqarda radiomSeneblobis tempebi, farTovdeboda saqarTvelos radioqselebi, yalibdeboda radios materialur-teqnikuri baza, izrdeboda farTo masebis daintereseba kulturis am axali dargiT. 1924 wlis 13 Tebervals TbilisSi ganxorcielda `xmamaRla molaparake radiomauwyeblobis sadenebiT translaciis pirveli cda~ — Tbilisis operisa da baletis Teatridan Tbilisis eleqtromeqanikuri qarxnis klubSi moewyo bizes opera `karmenis~ translacia. rogorc am gadacemis uSualo monawile da organizatori d. xmiadaSvili igonebs, `muSaTa klubis darbazi savsea xalxiT. estradaze moTavsebulia ori didi ruxi feris gramafonis msgavsi konusuri rupori. am ruporidan scenis iqiT gayvanilia sadenebi. aqve magidaze moTavsebulia sakontrolo telefoni da sxva aparatura. am telefonis aparatTan ismis xangrZlivi zari. darbazSi gamefda absoluturi siCume, zogi damswreTagani gansakuTrebuli yuradRe16 biT raRacas axals moeloda, zogierTebis saxe gamoxatavda ironiul undoblobas. dro nela miizlazneboda. moulodnelad radioruporidan mTel darbazs `karmenis~ uvertiura moefina. darbazSi iWeqa mquxare taSma. es iyo qarTveli masobrivi radiomsmenelis misalmeba saqarTveloSi pirvelad mowyobili saxalxo xmamaRlamolaparake radiotranslaciisadmi. es iyo axali mniSvnelovani movlena. daiwyo radioteqnikisa da eleqtroakustikis gamoyeneba masebis kulturul-politikuri aRzrdis miznebisaTvis~.1 am faqtma saqarTveloSi radiosaqmisadmi interesi kidev ufro gaacxovela da xeli Seuwyo radiomoyvarulTa moZraobis Camoyalibebas. 1924 wlis 7 aprils TbilisSi profsabWosTan daarsda `amierkavkasiis radio sazogadoeba~, romelic miznad isaxavda radios popularizacias, samecniero-saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobas am dargSi da radiomSeneblobisaTvis xelis Sewyobas.2 1920 wels ruseTSi aigo pirveli radiosatelefono sadguri. es niSnavda, rom SesaZlebeli gaxda adamianis xmis, musikisa da xmauris gadacema — yvela im gamosaxviTi saSualebis gamoyeneba, rac dResac gaaCnia radiomauwyeblobas. 1921 wlis ivnisSi moskovis moednebze daidga xmamaRlamolaparakeebi (radioruporebi), rasac mohyva eTerSi gazeTebis kiTxva. erTi wlis Semdeg ki moskovis centralurma radiosatelefono sadgurma, romelsac kominternis saxeli mieniWa, daiwyo mikrofonTan adamianebis gamoyvana, moxsenebebisa da leqciebis gadacema. ase rom, 1924 wlisaTvis msoflios did saxelmwifoebSi, da maT Soris sabWoTa kavSirSic, ukve arsebobda regularuli radiomauwyebloba, romlis gadacemis `daWeras~ didi mondomebiT cdilobdnen radiomoyvarulebi TviTnakeTi deteqtoruli da eleqtromilakiani mimRebebiT. rogorc d. xmiadaSvili igonebs: `maxsovs 1924 wlis Semodgomaze RamiT, TviTdamzadebuli eleqtromilakiani mimRebiT moskovidan 1 d. xmiadaSvili, radioteqnikis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi, Tb., 1961, gv. 10. 2 `radiomSenebloba saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiaSi~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1924, 13.04. 17 movismine radiotelefonuri gadacema. es maSin didi sensacia iyo, bevrs ar sjeroda, `SurdaT~, eWvobdnen da guldasmiT adevnebdnen Tvalyurs samyaros eTers~.1 male saqarTveloSic gamoCnda saxelmwifo mrewvelobisa da sarewao artelebis mier gamoSvebuli radioaparatura. radiosaqmis winsvlaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula 1924 wlis 28 ivliss sabWoTa mTavrobis mier miRebulma dadgenilebam `kerZo mimRebi radiosadgurebis Sesaxeb~, romlis Tanaxmadac, ssrk-is moqalaqeebs, aseve kerZo organizaciebsa da calkeul koleqtivebs ufleba eZleodaT moewyoT mimRebi radiosadgurebi. `eTerSi Tavisuflebis kanonma~, rogorc mas uwodebdnen, sagrZnoblad gazarda radiomoyvarulTa ricxvi. maT, aseve, didi daxmareba gauwia im droisaTvis popularulma, g. fleiSeris `usadeno telegrafis~ saxelmZRvanelomac, romelic amierkavkasiis kavSirgabmulobis eleqtroteqnikumis moswavleTaTvis iyo gankuTvnili. amave wels daiwyo gamosvla sakavSiro Jurnalma `radioliubitelma~, romelic saqarTveloSic vrceldeboda. 1925 wlidan presis furclebze sul ufro meti masala ibeWdeboda radios `saswaulebriv~ perspeqtivebze. 1925 wlis 22 marts gazeTi `komunisti~ rubrikaSi `radio~ aRfrTovanebiT werda: `dadga sul axali xana, warmoidgineT Cveni mTiulebi, TuS-fSav-xevsurebi, svanebi da sxva, romelTac SeZleba miecaT ar moswydnen cxovrebas, yoveldRe miiRon cnobebi, Tu ra xdeba msoflioSi, moisminon koncertebi Tavis qoxSi da a.S. aSkaraa, rogor daxmarebas gauwevs ganaTlebas radiotelefoni... radio Slis Cvens winaSe saocnebo perspeqtivebs, ukve dawyebulia cdebi da mosalodnelia axlo momavalSi, rom Cven SegveZleba garda laparakisa im pirTagan, romelic moSorebulia aTaseuli versis manZilze, misi danaxva~. Jurnali `mecniereba da teqnika~ ki 1925 wlis 31 marts mosaxleobas mouwodebda: `droa gamoviRviZoT, radiomSeneblobiT unda davainteresoT farTo masebi. ruseTSi aseTi moZraoba ukve dawyebulia, Cven ki axla viwyebT~. am mxriv seriozuli muSaoba gaswia sakavSiro saaqcio sazogadoeba `radiope1 18 d. xmiadaSvili, radioteqnikis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi, gv. 12. redaCam~, romlis saqmianoba sabWoTa kavSiris mTel teritoriaze vrceldeboda da miznad isaxavda mimRebi da gadamcemi radiosadgurebis mSeneblobis daCqarebasa da radiomoyvarulTa wreebis masobriv organizebas (igi 1924 wels Seiqmna da Tavidan `radio yvelasaTvis~ erqva. misi damfuZneblebi iyvnen susti denebis qarxnebis tresti, ruseTis depeSaTa saagento da fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariati). `radioperedaCam~ oTxi weli imuSava aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT da didi roli Seasrula sabWoTa respublikebSi radiomeurneobisa da radiomauwyeblobis CamoyalibebaSi, aseve man moumzada safuZveli sabWoTa kavSirSi erTiani samauwyeblo sistemis Seqmnas. 1925 wlis gazafxulze dafuZnda `amierkavkasiis radiomoyvarulTa sazogadoeba~, romlis gamgeobac iyo TbilisSi, fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatSi, radios sammarTvelosTan. am sazogadoebis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen partiuli moRvaweebi da radiospecialistebi: al. miasnikovi — sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare, a. aTarbegovi — Tavmjdomaris moadgile, g. sturua — sainiciativo jgufis biuros Tavmjdomaris moadgile, aseve, radioinJinrebi d. xmiadaSvili, g. fleiSeri da sxvebi. sazogadoebas daevala umokles vadaSi farTomauwyebeli radiosadgurebis mowyoba TbilisSi, baqosa da erevanSi. pirveli radiosadguri ki TbilisSi unda dadgmuliyo. `pirveli Cveni nabiji am sferoSi iqneba TbilisSi pirveli Sors gadamcemi radiosadguris mowyoba. uaxloes kviraSi Cven mas SeviZenT moskovSi da maSin samasi versis irgvliv Tbilisidan yvela mimarTulebiT Cven gadavcemT komunistebis mier warmoTqmul sityvebs, gavavrcelebT pirvel dawyebiT codnas, sabWoTa azrebs. Semdeg ki axali sadgurebi moewyoba baqoSi, erevanSi, baTumSi da foTSi~ — werda gazeTi `komunisti~ 1925 wlis 13 Tebervals. 1925 wlis marts, sruliad ruseTis profkavSirTa centraluri sabWos prezidiumma mizanSewonilad cno radiomoyvarulTa wreebis daarseba muSaTa klubebSi. TbilisSi, da saerTod, mTel respublikaSi xalisiT daiwyo aseTi wreebis Seqmna. maT Soris gamoirCeodnen: s. orjonikiZis sax. rkinigzelTa klubTan arsebuli radiowre, saxelmwifo universitetTan, 19 politeqnikur institutTan, pirvel samrewvelo-ekonomikur teqnikumTan, gazeT `komunistTan~ arsebuli radiowreebi, romlebmac didi wvlili Seitanes saqarTveloSi radiomoyvarulTa moZraobis gafarToebaSi. 1925 wlis 4 aprils gazeTi `komunisti~ iuwyeboda, rom `radios moyvarulTa sazogadoebam~ gadawyvita gaxsnas radiokooperativi, romelic msurvelebs miawvdis radiomimRebebs, radioliteraturasa da sxv. SeRavaTian fasebSi~, xolo 25 martis `qronikaSi~ aRniSnulia, rom `sakavSiro cekis mimarTvis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatma Seadgina samagaliTo TemsabWoebis sia maTi radio-mimRebi manqanebiT dasajildoeblad~. 1925 wlidan respublikuri presis furclebze momravlda axali rubrikebi: `radio~, `radiokuTxe~, `radioteqnika~, `radios ambebi~, sadac ibeWdeboda rogorc informaciebi radiosaqmis Sesaxeb, ise samecniero-popularuli werilebi radioteqnikaze, radioaparaturis gamoyenebaze da a.S. TbilisSi ukve bevri radiomsmeneli axerxebda `kominternis~ radiogadacemebis mosmenas da qarTul presaSi sakavSiro radioprogramebic ibeWdeboda. radiosadmi gazrdilma interesma dRis wesrigSi daayena TbilisSi arsebuli radiosadguris gafarToebis sakiTxi. am mizniT kompartiis amierkavkasiis saolqo komitetis agitaciisa da propagandis ganyofilebasTan daarsda radiokomisia, romelsac g. sturua xelmZRvanelobda (amgvari komisia Tavdapirvelad 1925 wlis ivnisSi Seiqmna sakavSiro kompartiis agitacia-propagandis ganyofilebasTan). qarTuli radiomauwyeblobis istoriaSi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 1925 wlis 22 aprils navTluRSi axali asocmetriani radioanZis aRmarTva, romelic 300 kilometris radiusiT moqmedebda. am sazeimo RonisZiebas partiisa da mTavrobis xelmZRvanelebic daeswrnen da respublikuri presac gamoexmaura mas vrceli reportaJebiT. analogiuri radioanZa aRimarTa baqoSi, erevansa da xarkovSi. erTi Tvis Semdeg ki amuSavda axalgazrda specialistebis mier Seqmnili naxevrad kustaruli samauwyeblo radiosadguri navTluRSi, saidanac ganxorcielda pirveli sacdeli radiogadacema da romlis Sesaxeb 1925 wlis 23 maiss iuwyeboda gazeTi `zaria vostoka~. 20 werili `radiosatelefono gadamcemi TbilisSi~ mkiTxvelebs amcnobda, rom `TbilisSi gamoCnda pirveli radiosatelefono gadamcemi. igi droebiT dadgmulia Tbilisis mZlavr radiosadgurze da warmoadgens sacdel-saCvenebel gadamcems. 21 maiss navTluRidan moewyo pirveli radiogadacema. msaxiobSemsruleblebi iyvnen TviTon sadguris TanamSromlebi, romlebmac radiotelefoniT gadasces simRera, musika da saubari. miuxedavad gadamcemis mcire simZlavrisa, gadacema miRebuli iyo kavSirgabmulobis eleqtroteqnikumSi regeneraciul mimRebze sakmaod mkafiod da xmamaRla. sacdeli gadacemebi moewyoba 23 da 24 maiss saRamos 6 saaTidan 7 saaTamde, 600dan 700 metramde sigrZis talRebze~. amgvarad, 1925 wlis 21 maiss saqarTveloSi ganxorcielda pirveli sacdeli radiogadacema da safuZveli Caeyara radiomauwyeblobas. es TariRi unda CaiTvalos saqarTvelos radios dabadebis dRed. rogorc Cans, 21 maiss sadguris TanamSromlebma teqnikurad Seamowmes gadamcemis muSaoba (albaT, amitomac mogvevlinen isini msaxiobebis rolSi da mimRebi aparatic amitom idga eleqtroteqnikumSi). sajarod gamocxadebuli 23-24 maisis cdebi ki, savaraudod, ufro farTo auditoriisaTvis iqneboda gaTvaliswinebuli. yovel SemTxvevaSi, sxva msgavsi sando cnoba jerjerobiT mikvleuli ar aris. qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis cnobili Semsrulebeli, saqarTvelos saxalxo artisti maro TarxniSvilic pirvel radiogadacemas 1925 wlis maisis Tves ukavSirebs: `mixaria, rom momswre var pirveli radiogadacemisa. 1925 wlis maisis Tve iyo, dRe kargad ar maxsovs, migviwvies rva kacisagan Semdgari vokaluri jgufi yofil bariatinskis, amJamad jorjiaSvilis quCaze, sastumro `Tbilisis~ SenobaSi... gaxsna sazeimo iyo, mTeli Tbilisi mouTmenlad eloda pirvelad adamianis xmis mosmenas. bariatinskis quCa da aleqsandres baRi savse iyo xalxiT. isini sulganabulebi elodnen gadacemis dawyebas. diqtorma boiarskim miuloca msmenelebs radios gaxsnis dRe da gamoacxada programa. pirvel nomrad me Sevasrule `urmuli~, Semdeg Cvenma gundma imRera da gamovidnen solistebi s. inaSvili, n. qumsiaSvili, l. germesaSvili, pianisti baraTova, 21 sazandari k. aRjoianis xelmZRvanelobiT~.1 maro TarxniSvilis es mogoneba gviandelia da, Cveni azriT, masSi weli SecdomiT aris mocemuli: jer erTi, pirveli sacdeli radiogadacemisas (`mTeli Tbilisi mouTmenlad eloda pirvelad adamianis xmis mosmenaso~) saeWvoa, radios organizaciuli struqtura ise yofiliyo Camoyalibebuli, rogorc es mogonebaSia aRniSnuli; meore, 1925 wels jorjiaSvilis quCaze, Sromis sasaxleSi radiostudiis arseboba arc erTi sxva wyaroTi ar dasturdeba (ufro savaraudoa 1926-27 wlebSi); mesame, diqtorma a. boiarskim radioSi muSaoba daiwyo 1927 wlidan (es zustad aris miTiTebuli radiokomitetis beWduri organos `radioprogramebis~ 1941 wlis me-7 nomerSi gamoqveynebul werilSi `anatoli boiarski~). asec ar iyos, SeuZlebelia aseTi mniSvnelovani movlena imdroindel presas gamorCenoda, mis Sesaxeb ki 1925 wels arsad araferia naxsenebi (maSin, rodesac zemoT aRniSnuli lokaluri sacdeli gadacemac ki maSinve acnobes sazogadoebas). ase rom, maro TarxniSvilis mogoneba savaraudoa, ufro 1927 wels ukavSirdebodes, roca saqarTvelos radiom regularuli (Tumca ara yoveldRiuri) mauwyebloba daiwyo. pirvel xanebSi sacdeli gadacemebi ewyoboda arasistematurad, sxvadasxva saaTze da yovel wina dRes gazeTebi `zaria vostoka~ da `komunisti~ amis Sesaxeb auwyebdnen radiomoyvarulebs da mouwodebdnen koleqtiuri mosmenisaken: `20-21 ivniss navTluRis mZlavr radiosadgurze saRamos xuTi saaTidan gadaicema 1 kilovatiani lamfis sadguriT moxseneba, musika da simRera. es iqneba sacdeli gadacema. TbilisSi arsebul yvela mimReb aparats SeuZlia miiRos es gadacema. gadacemas xelmZRvanelobs radioteqniki s. kasraZe~.2 an kidev: `27 seqtembers pirvelad gadaicema melodeklamacia, es metad rTuli saqmea, gansakuTrebiT Znelia radioSi sityvisa da musikis Sexameba, diqciis gadacema~3 da a.S. am saxis informaciebi uxvadaa gabneuli maSindeli presis furclebze. aseve intensiurad mimdinareobda radiosadguris teqni1 Jurnalistis cnobari, Tb., 1975, gv. 193. radiokoncerti TbilisSi, gaz. `komunisti~, 1925, 20.06. 3 `2-й опытный радиоконцерт~, `Заря Востока~, 1925, 23.09. 2 22 kuri gaumjobeseba. rogorc 1925 wlis 30 oqtombris gazeTi `muSa~ ityobineboda: `radiosadguris TanamSromlebi muSaobas awarmoeben radiotelegrafis sadguris radiotelefonis sadgurad gadasakeTeblad. jerjerobiT axal gadamcem radiosadgurze cdebs awarmoeben. dRemde gadacemulia 5 koncerti, xolo patara sacdeli koncerti ki — bevrjer~. 1926 wlidan radiosaqme win wavida. mimReb radiosadgurTa ricxvi sul ufro izrdeboda, `mimReb radiosadgurebs dgamen sxvadasxva organizaciebi da dawesebulebebi. Tbilisis saxlebis saxuravebi iqseleba antenebiT, radiosadgurebi iWeren moskovidan da ucxoeTidan gadmocemul radiocnobebs~, — werda gazeTi `komunisti~ 1926 wlis 13 ianvars. am droisaTvis amierkavkasiaSi muSaobda ori samauwyeblo mimReb-gadamcemi radio-satelefono sadguri Tbilissa da baqoSi da 10 radiomimRebi sadguri, maT Soris baTumSi, soxumSi, sagarejoSi, erevanSi, cxinvalSi Tu naxWevanSi...1 aseve aRricxuli iyo 400mde radiowre, aqedan TbilisSi — 200. amave wels fosta-telegrafis sammarTvelom molaparakeba daiwyo amerikis cnobili radiomSenebeli firmis `vestern-eleqtrik-kompanis~ qarxnis xelmZRvanelobasTan axali xuTkilovatiani radiosadguris SesaZenad. magram sadguris soliduri Rirebulebis gamo (230000 maneTi), es xelSekruleba ar Sedga da leningradis susti denebis qarxanas daevala oTxkilovatiani simZlavris radiosadguris damzadeba, romelic bevrad iafi — 50000 maneTi Rirda. navTluRis radiosadguris mSeneblobas xelmZRvanelobda moskovidan movlinebuli inJineri v. gilberti. 1926 wlis 20 maisidan saqarTvelos profsabWos kultganyofilebis iniciativiT amierkavkasiis depeSaTa saagentos daevala ufasod miewodebina informaciuli masalebi navTluRis radiosadgurisaTvis. saqarTvelos profkavSirebis gadawyvetilebiT ki dedaqalaqis yvela raionis muSaTa klubebSi daigegma xmamaRlamolaparakeebis dadgma. amave wlis noemberSi mwyobrSi Cadga MП tipis oTxkilovatiani radiomauwyebeli sadguri navTluRSi da dasrulda radiocentris agebac, romelSic Sedioda `centraluri radi1 `radio TbilisSi~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1926, 29.01. 23 obiuro, gadamcemi radiosadguri navTluRSi da mimRebi sadguri sagarejoSi~. `radiosadguri meorea mTels kavSirSi moskovis Semdeg~,1 — aRniSnavda presa. am droisaTvis radiostudia ganTavsebuli iyo Tbilisis centrSi (axlandeli rusTavelis prospeqtze), maSindeli profsabWos SenobaSi (anu, rogorc maro TarxniSvilis mogonebaSia, sastumro `Tbilisis~ SenobaSi), sadac gamoyofili hqonda `qveda sarTulze ori oTaxi. oTaxSi idga roiali da diqtoris magida naxSiris mikrofoniT. es mikrofoni mere Seicvala eleqtrodinamikuri mikrofoniT~.2 1927 wlidan saqarTvelos radiom daiwyo sistematuri muSaoba (rasac, rogorc aRvniSneT, 1925-1926 wlebSi win uZRoda araerTi sacdeli gadacema). 3 ianvars gadaica saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis m. kaxianis moxseneba da radiokoncerti. am dRidan safuZveli Caeyara qarTul regularul mauwyeblobas. 1928 wels Tbilisis radiostudia, romelsac maSin amierkavkasiis radiocentrs uwodebdnen, axali teqnikiT aRiWurva da ganTavsda kirovis, axlandel leoniZis quCis 8-Si mdebare Senobis II sarTulze, qveda sarTulze ki moewyo satranslacio kvanZis saaparato. sadguris teqnikuri eqspluatacia daekisra fosta-telegrafis amierkavkasiis saolqo sammarTvelos, xolo gadacemis saorganizacio muSaobis (koncertebis, leqciebisa da sxvaTa mowyoba) xelmZRvaneloba daevala partiis amierkavkasiis saolqo komitetis agitaciisa da propagandis ganyofilebasTan arsebul radiokomisias (xelmZRvaneli g. sturua). radiomauwyeblobis pirvel xelmZRvanelad dainiSna i. gedevaniSvili — sakavSiro saaqcio sazogadoeba `radioperedaCas~ rwmunebuli amierkavkasiaSi, mxatvrul nawils uZRveboda g. kilaZe, pirveli koncertmeisteri iyo a. meliqfaSaevi, pirveli diqtorebi — profesiiT fizikosi, radiomoyvaruli g. gaCeCilaZe da l. lukaSeva.3 1 `radiomSenebloba~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1926, 30.11. d. xmiadaSvili, radiomauwyeblobis gariJraJi, Jurn. `mecniereba da teqnika~, 1966, # 5, gv. 4. 3 iqve. 2 24 radio mtkiced ikidebda fexs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da did popularobas ixveWda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yvela fenaSi. `yvelaze did miRwevad me mimaCnia TanamedroveobaSi radio, Tu haeroplanis marTva caSi~,1 — Cauweria galaktion tabiZes Tavis dRiurSi 1927 wels, xolo 1930 wels man leqsic ki miuZRvna radios: `xedavT, ragvarad Seamokla radiom sivrce! ..................... aq ki gasZaxis sivrces Tbilisi!~2 saqarTvelos radios saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTuleba ganisazRvra sakavSiro kp(b) centraluri komitetis 1927 wlis 10 ianvris dadgenilebiT `radiomauwyeblobis xelmZRvanelobis Sesaxeb~, romlis Tanaxmadac partiul komitetebs, romelTa teritoriazec mowyobili iyo radiosatelefono qselebi, evalebodaT uSualo xelmZRvaneloba gaewiaT radiosaTvis da maqsimalurad gamoeyenebinaT igi saagitacio da saganmanaTleblo miznebisaTvis, winaswar ganexilaT, SeemowmebinaT radioprogramebi da radiomasalebi, guldasmiT SeerCiaT momxseneblebisa da mikrofonTan gamomsvlelTa Semadgenloba da uzrunveleyoT gadacemaTa maRali ideuri da politikuri done. am dadgenilebiT kompartia xelSi iRebda radiomauwyeblobaze xelmZRvanelobis sadaveebs da radiogadacemebis Sinaarssa da maT ideur-politikur mxareze umkacres kontrols awesebda. Tumca manamde, jer kidev 1925 wlis dekemberSi, sak. kp (b) agitacia-propagandis ganyofilebis gadawyvetilebiT radiomauwyebloba pirdapir daeqvemdebara `mTavlitis~ kontrols (ase ewodeboda mTavar sacenzuro komitets, romelic yovelgvar sajaro informacias akontrolebda da sabWoTa kavSirSi 80-iani wlebis meore naxevramde arsebobda). radio sabWouri cnobierebis Camoyalibebisa da damkvidrebis mZlavri berketi xdeboda. radios xelmZRvanelebic partiuli da komkavSiruli muSakebi iyvnen da radiogadaceme1 2 g. tabiZe, Txzulebani or wignad, wigni II, Tb., 1989, gv. 423. g. tabiZe, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. III. gv. 24. 25 bis `ideologiur sifxizleze~ ekisrebodaT pasuxismgebloba. mkacri zomebi unda yofiliyo miRebuli mikrofonebis dasacavad, rom eTerSi arc erTi gadacema ar gasuliyo pasuxismgebeli xelmZRvanelis daukiTxavad da nebarTvis gareSe. marTlac, cenzuris gauqmebamde studiaSi, sadac saeTero mikrofonebi idga (yvela teqsti da Cawerili gadacema manamde iyo Semowmebuli), specialuri dacva mxolod im pirebs uSvebda, visac amis gansakuTrebuli nebarTva hqonda (ZiriTadad diqtorebs). radioeTerSic umetesad gadaicemoda sabWoTa mTavrobisa da kompartiis warmomadgenlebis moxsenebebi da leqciebi. aseve didi adgili ekava sakavSiro da respublikur presaSi dabeWdil masalebs — jer kidev ar Canda specialurad radiosaTvis momzadebuli originaluri gadacemebi. aseve ewyoboda koncertebisa da operebis translaciebi, saubrebi radioteqnikis Sesaxeb, romelic miznad isaxavda radiosaqmiT axalgazrdebis dainteresebas. 1927 wlidan, janmrTelobis saxalxo komisariatma `gamohyo specialist leqtorTa jgufi, sxvadasxva sezonuri senebisa da sanitaruli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb radioTi leqciebis wasakiTxad. ganzraxulia Semdegi sakiTxebis ganmarteba — malaria, Wleqi, loToba, partaxtiani tifi da sxva~.1 1927 wlis Tebervlidan gazeTebma `komunistma~ da `zaria vostokam~ daiwyes yovelkvireuli radioprogramebis beWdva, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs gavecnoT programirebis imdroindel principebs. TvalsaCinoebisTvis gadavxedoT 1927 wlis 20 Tebervlis gazeT `komunistSi~ dabeWdil 20-28 Tebervlis radioprogramas: 20 Tebervali — 1. tvini da suli (leqcia qarTul enaze) — 77.30. 2. komkavSiris radiogazeTi (rusul enaze). 3. TeTri teroris axali talRa (ZigraSvilis moxseneba). 4. radios megobarTa sazogadoebis teqnikuri konsultacia. 5. koncerti — 9-9.30. 21 Tebervali — 1. fasebis dakleba (piCkianis moxseneba). 2. TviTganviTarebis sakiTxebi. 3. radioteqnikis miRwevebi. 4. koncerti. 22 Tebervali — 1. mitingis daxvreta aleqsandres baRSi (toroSeliZis moxseneba). 2. wiTeli armiis me-9 wlisTavisaT1 26 radioleqcia, gaz. `komunisti~, 1927, 22.01. vis (levanovskis moxseneba rusul enaze). 3. opera `lakme~. 23 Tebervali — 1. mitingis daxvreta aleqsandres baRSi (rusul enaze). 2. wiTeli armiis me-9 wlisTavi (aRniaSvilis moxseneba). 3. komkavSiris radiogazeTi (qarTulad). 4. koncerti. 24 Tebervali — dasvenebis dRe. radiogadacema ar iqneba. 25 Tebervali — gasabWoebis 6 wlis aRsaniSnavad Semdgari sazeimo sxdomis gadacema. 26 Tebervali — 1. muSa da glex qalTa dRisaTvis moxseneba. 2. operis gadacema. 27 Tebervali — 1. brZola biurokratizmTan (moxseneba). 2. aviaqimiis amocanebi da qveynis Tavdacva (juRelis moxseneba). 3. teqnikuri konsultacia. 4. koncerti. 28 Tebervali — 1. rogor imorCilebs adamiani bunebis Zalas (leqcia). 2. alkoholi da gadagvareba (leqcia). 3. koncerti. gadacemebi iwyeboda saRamos xuT saaTze da mTavrdeboda TerTmet saaTze. droTa ganmavlobaSi radioprogramebis Tematika gamravalferovnda da TandaTan gamoikveTa radiopublicistikis formebi. `radiogazeTi~ — ase erqva pirvel radioformas, romelic sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi forma iyo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi ara marto saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi. radiogazeTi, rogorc saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, beWduri sityvis gavleniT Seiqmna da mravalsiuJetiani iyo. Tavdapirvelad igi moicavda Jurnal-gazeTebidan amokrefil informaciebs, propagandistuli xasiaTis statiebs, feletonebs, narkvevebs, e. i. yvela im Janrs, romelic SemdgomSi damoukidebel radioJanrad Camoyalibda da radioprogramaSi Tavisi adgili daimkvidra. radiogazeTi, faqtobrivad, es iyo imdroindeli sazogadoebriv-politikuri Tu dargobrivi presis saeTero variacia Sesabamisi saxelwodebiT, magaliTad: komkavSiruli radiogazeTi — `axalgazrda komunisti~, sasoflo gazeTi — `axali sofeli~, muSaTa gazeTi — `muSa~. 1928 wlidan gamoCnda `wiTelarmielTa radiogazeTi~, romelic samxedro-patriotul propagandas isaxavda miznad. aseve gadaicemoda radiogazeTebi azerbaijanul enaze `ieni qendi~ (`axali sofeli~) da somxurenovani `proletari~, romlebsac saqarTveloSi gamomavali amave saxelwodebis gazeTebis Jurnalistebi amzadebdnen specialurad radio27 saTvis. drodadro radiogazeTebi gamodioda afxazur da osur enebzec. saerTod, amierkavkasiis respublikebs Soris mxolod saqarTvelos radio regularulad mauwyeblobda oTx — qarTul, rusul, somxur da azerbaijanul enebze (Tumca Tavidan, karga xnis manZilze, igi cxaddeboda Turqul enad). garda amisa, radiogazeTma xeli Seuwyo mauwyeblobis axali mimarTulebebis warmoSobas, programebis diferenciaciis process. Camoyalibda adamianTa sxvadasxva jgufebTan urTierTobis axali formebi, magaliTad, `pionerulma radiogazeTma~ safuZveli Cauyara sabavSvo mauwyeblobas, `komkavSirulma radiogazeTma~ — axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas da a.S. male `radiogazeTebSi~ mzamzareuli sagazeTo masalebis eTerSi gadacemis paralelurad gamoCnda specialurad radiosaTvis momzadebuli masalebic, romlebsac Jurnalistebi adgilze gasvliT moipovebdnen. amasTan, sagazeTo masalebis SerCevac, mikrofonTan maTi wakiTxvis manera ukve TavisTavad qmnida masalis miwodebisa da aRqmis axal, originalur formas — radioenas. igi ufro emociurad zemoqmedebda auditoriaze, vidre dabeWdili sityva, Tanac paTetikuri da `amaRlebuli~ toni, intonacia da sxva araverbaluri saSualebebi, romelic sabWouri propagandis aucilebeli atributi iyo, zepir sityvaSi ukeT warmoCinda. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, radiogazeTs mimoxilvis niSnebic axasiaTebda da Tanamedrove radioprogramis formatic, romelic Tematurad da Janrobrivad gansxvavebuli formiT qmnida socialisturi cxovrebis panoramas da propagandas uwevda axali ideebis damkvidrebas masobriv cnobierebaSi. igi yvelaze TvalsaCinod gamoxatavda leninis Sexedulebas radioze, rogorc `uqaRaldo da umanZilo gazeTze~. 1930 wlisaTvis sabWoTa kavSirSi eTerSi gadioda daaxloebiT 300 radiogazeTi. aseTi simravle ganpirobebuli iyo TviTon xelisuflebis moTxovniTac — nabeWdi gazeTebis simcirisa da qveynis teritoriaze gavrcelebis sirTulis gamo maTi funqcia informaciis sistemaSi garkveulwilad radiogazeTebs unda SeesrulebinaT. samwuxarod, qarTuli radiogazeTebis teqstebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia da mxolod imdroindeli presis saSualebiTaa 28 SesaZlebeli garkveuli warmodgena Segveqmnas radiogazeTis daniSnulebasa da kompoziciaze. magaliTad, 1928 wlis 8 maisis gazeT `komunistSi~ dabeWdilia `radiogazeTis mimoxilva~, sadac yuradReba gamaxvilebulia mis specifikaze: `radiogazeTis gamoSvebas mravali mizezi amarTlebs, maT Soris mTavari isaa, rom misi mosmena xelmisawvdomia rogorc wera-kiTxvis mcodneTaTvis, ise ucodinarTaTvis. am mxriv is gansakuTrebiT did daxmarebas gauwevs saqarTvelos CamorCenil kuTxeebs, rogoricaa svaneTi, xevsureTi da sxv. radiogazeTs ar hyavs xelmomwerni, ara aqvs gansakuTrebuli tiraJi, misi msmenelTa ricxvi ganusazRvreli da mravalferovania. garda amisa, saqarTvelos pirobebSi gazeTma angariSi unda gauwios mravalferovan ekonomikur, socialur, eTnografiul, kulturul, geografiul Taviseburebebsac. swored amis gaTvaliswinebiT unda xdebodes masalis SerCeva da damuSaveba~. TiToeul radiogazeTs hyavda Tavisi adresati, miznobrivi auditoria da ase yalibdeboda radiomsmenelebTan urTierTobis samauwyeblo formebi. radiogadacemebisadmi mosaxleobis mzardi interesi xelisuflebas erTgvar stimuls aZlevda, ufro intensiurad ganexorcielebina gardaqmnebi radios struqturul da organizaciul sferoSi. ssrk Sromisa da Tavdacvis sabWos 1928 wlis 13 ivlisis dadgenilebiT `radiomauwyeblobis reorganizaciis Sesaxeb~ gauqmda saaqcio sazogadoeba `radioperedaCa~, romelmac Tavis droze didi wvlili Seitana radiosaqmis ganviTarebaSi da ssrk-is teritoriaze radiomauwyeblobis yvela saqmis organizacia da marTva fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariats daevala (es upirvelesad imiT iyo ganpirobebuli, rom mauwyeblobis ganviTareba uSualod ukavSirdeboda qveynis radiofikacias). am komisariatSi Camoyalibda radiosammarTvelo — centraluri organo, romelic wyvetda radiomauwyeblobis yvela sakiTxs. sak. kp(b) centralur komitets da mokavSire respublikebis partiul komitetebs ki kontroli unda gaewiaT fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatebis saqmianobisaTvis radiomauwyeblobis dargSi da uzrunveleyoT maTi gamocdili sameurneo kadrebiT dakompleqteba. Sesabamisad, 1928 wlis 22 dekembers amierkavkasiis saxkomsabWom miiRo 29 dadgenileba amierkavkasiis fosta-telegrafis komisariatTan amierkavkasiis radios centraluri sabWos Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romlis Tavmjdomaredac al. sturua dainiSna. analogiuri radiosabWoebi Seiqmna amierkavkasiis federaciis TiToeul respublikaSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic. amierkavkasiis radiosabWom didi yuradReba dauTmo adgilobrivi radiomauwyeblobis sazogadoebriv-politikuri formebis Camoyalibebas da gansakuTrebiT radiogazeTebis Tematikas. am mizniT 1929 wels radiogazeTebi gaerTianda da Seiqmna erTiani `radiogazeTis~ redaqcia. daiwyo sagazeTo masalebis eTerSi kiTxvidan radiosTvis damaxasiaTebel formebsa da Janrebze gadasvla. 1929 wlis bolos moskovis samauwyeblo centrma daiwyo mauwyebloba sabWoTa kavSiris qalaqebze da, maT Soris, Tbiliszec, riTac safuZveli Caeyara sakavSiro radiomauwyeblobas. amave wlidan saqarTveloSic gaumjobesda radios materialur-teqnikuri baza. radiospecialistebis jgufma g. fleiSeris xelmZRvanelobiT (z. Tofuria, v. kaSprovski, l. xmiadaSvili, d. xmiadaSvili) rekonstruqcia Cautara TbilisSi arsebul samauwyeblo sadgurs, romelic mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi ukve radioprogramebis gadacemaze muSaobda. Seiqmna samauwyeblo kvireuli badec da sxvadasxva tipis gadacemebma mudmivi adgili daimkvidra radioprogramebSi. maTi diferenciaciis Sedegad ki gamoikveTa informaciuli, sazogadoebriv-politikuri (igive analitikuri) da mxatvruli mauwyeblobis niSnebi. operatiuli informaciis Zala sabWoTa radiom imTaviTve efeqturad gamoiyena masebze zemoqmedebis mizniT da informaciul funqcias pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba mianiWa. informaciuli xasiaTisa iyo translaciebi movlenis adgilidan (Jurnalisturi komentaris gareSe), romelsac mravalaTasiani msmenelisaTvis operatiulad unda miewodebina esa Tu is movlena mimdinareobis procesSi da Seeqmna daswrebis efeqti. swored 30-ian wlebSi Caisaxa aRlumebisa da demonstraciebis radiotranslaciebi, romlebSic pirvelad gamoikveTa radios iseTi gamosaxviTi saSualeba, rogoricaa xmauri — movlenis akustikuri foni. xSirad gamoiyeneboda egreT wo30 debuli mitingis forma da, saerTod, maSindeli cxovrebis yvela sferoSi didi gasaqani pova `mitingobam~, ramdenadac igi gamoxatavda masobriv organizebulobas konkretuli movlenis mimarT. marTalia, xSirad mas xelovnuri xasiaTi hqonda, magram im pirobebSi kargad moergo axali cxovrebis politikur enTuziazms. Tavdapirvelad mitingebis pirdapiri translaciebi gadaicemoda yovelgvari Jurnalisturi Carevis gareSe. TandaTanobiT radiom Tavad ikisra organizatoruli funqcia da amiT radiomitingis forma daamkvidra. mas mohyva radiogadaZaxilebi, radioreidebi, radiodaTvalierebebi da a.S. es gadacemebi imiTac iyo aRsaniSnavi, rom maTSi pirvelad gamoikveTa radioJurnalistis pirovnebac, romelic Tavadve gaxda gadacemis aqtiuri monawile, sascenaro gegmis avtori da im organizaciul muSaobas, romelic eTerSi gasvlamde bevrad adre iwyeboda, swored radioJurnalisti xelmZRvanelobda. garda amisa, radiomitingis forma auditoriasTan urTierTobis SesaniSnavi saSualebac aRmoCnda, romelic TavisTavad Seicavda saubars, polemikas, azrTa urTierTgaziarebas, e. i. yovelive imas, rasac masobrivi muSaoba erqva. im periodSi radiomitingebis mizani iyo sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmna, masebis mobilizacia xelisuflebis mier dasaxuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad. 1928 wlis 1 aprils moewyo pirveli radiomitingi, romelic mieZRvna `saglexo sesxis mniSvnelobas~. `mitings daeswrnen glexebi, muSebi da sxvadasxva organizaciis warmomadgenlebi. momxsenebelma — kooperatiuli organizaciis warmomadgenelma k. baqraZem ilaparaka saglexo sesxis mniSvnelobaze. amave sakiTxze ilaparaka saqarTvelos finsaxkomis warmomadgenelma n. margvelaSvilma. glexebma misces mravali SekiTxva. Semdeg gamovidnen glexebi da glexTa centraluri saxlis warmomadgenlebi. bolos gaimarTa koncerti~.1 daaxloebiT aseTi iyo tipuri sqema radiomitingebisa, romelic 30-ian wlebSi yalibdeboda. moxsenebebic da kamaTSi gamomsvlelTa teqstebic winaswar mzaddeboda, mowmdeboda maTi politikuri gamarTuloba da ise gadaicemoda eTerSi. 1 glexTa mitingi radiostudiaSi, gaz. `komunisti~, 1928, 3.04. 31 ramdenadac maSin firze Cawerisa da damontaJebis teqnikuri saSualeba ar arsebobda, advili warmosadgenia, rogori energia da unari dasWirdeboda Jurnalists aseTi masobrivi gadacemebis organizaciisaTvis. radiomitingebisadmi interesi imdenad didi iyo, rom sawarmo-dawesebulebaTa mSromelebi Tavadve Txoulobdnen radiomitingebis mowyobasa da maTSi monawileobas. qarTuli presa xSirad aqveynebda anonsebs radiomitingebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, 1929 wlis 29 oqtombers gazeTi `komunisti~ msmenelebs acnobebda, rom `radiocentri awyobs radiomitings socialisturi Sejibrebis Sedegebis Semowmebis Sesaxeb qarxana `TemqaSi~. mitingSi monawileoben `Temqis~ muSebi. isini aRniSnaven Sejibrebis rogorc nakls, ise miRwevebs da saqmian winadadebebs wamoayeneben. amas winaT moewyo radiomitingi kalininis sax. liTonis qarxnis muSebisa, ramac nayofieri Sedegi mogvca. dRes maT `Temqis~ muSebi upasuxeben. radiomitingi socialisturi Sejibrebis saukeTeso formaa. qoxsamkiTxveloebma da adgilobrivma komitetebma unda moawyon radiogadacemebis mosmena koleqtiurad, saRamos 7 sT-dan~. SedarebiT xelovnuri elferi dakravda radiogadaZaxilebs, romlebic radiomitingebisagan gansxvavdeboda meti masStaburobiTa da monawileTa simravliT. xSirad ewyoboda radiogadaZaxilebi amierkavkasiis respublikebs, saqarTvelos mowinave raionebsa da kolmeurneobebs Soris. magaliTad: `radiogadaZaxili samecniero-saganmanaTleblo muSaobis Sesaxeb amierkavkasiaSi~, `amierkavkasiis msxvil sawarmoTa da axal mSeneblobaTa saukeTeso damkvrelebis gamoZaxeba~, `umaRles da teqnikur saswavleblebSi saSemodgomo miRebis mosamzadebeli kampaniis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb~, `damkvrelTa radiogamoZaxeba~, `dazogvis erTTviuris Sesaxeb radiogadaZaxili~ da a.S. radiomitingi, radiogadaZaxili, radiodaTvaliereba, radioreidi gadaicemoda socialisturi Sejibrebis propagandisaTvis, ama Tu im kampaniis Catarebis mizniT, Rirssaxsovari dReebis aRsaniSnavad da sxva. 1929-33 wlebSi wera-kiTxvis ucodinarobis likvidaciis saxelmwifo programam, sayovelTao dawyebiTi swavlebis SemoRebam, mniSvnelovnad gazarda radios roli masebis komu32 nisturi ganaTlebis saqmeSi. 1928 wlis bolos moskovis muSur-glexuri radiouniversitetis analogiiT saqarTveloSic Seiqmna `dauswrebeli radiouniversiteti~, romelsac farTo masebisaTvis unda miewodebina `Teoriuli codna sameurneo-kulturul, profkavSirul, kooperaciul Tu sabWoTa mSeneblobis dargSi... amrigad, uRaribes glexebs da soflis axalgazrdobas, muSebs da sxvebs saSualeba eZlevaT ufasod da dauswreblad miiRon Sesaferisi codna radiomauwyeblobis saSualebiT~.1 radiocentrTan Seqmnilma specialurma ganyofilebam SeimuSava radiouniversitetis programa ori fakultetisTvis (sasoflo-sameurneo da kooperaciuli). mowveuli leqtorebi leqciebs kiTxulobdnen masebisaTvis gasagebi da popularuli eniT. dauswrebeli radiouniversiteti, romelsac mravalricxovani auditoria hyavda, ZiriTadad warmoadgenda umaRles dauswrebel partiul skolas, romelmac didi roli Seasrula partiuli da komkavSiruli aqtivis kvalifikaciis amaRlebasa da marqsistul-leninuri moZRvrebis Seswavla-SeTvisebaSi. TiToeuli msmeneli, romelic Seasrulebda sakontrolo samuSaoebsa da CaTvlebisaTvis saWiro davalebebs, Rebulobda universitetis damTavrebis mowmobas. rodesac kompartiam koleqtivizaciisaken aiRo kursi, radio aqtiurad amoudga mxarSi presas sakolmeurneo mSeneblobisa da egreT wodebuli kulturuli revoluciis propagandaSi. `Cveni mizania gavaZlieroT kulturul-politikuri muSaoba, yoveldRe da yovel saaTs vesaubroT kolmeurneebs, Rarib da saSualo glexobas maT winaSe dasaxul amocanebze. qalaqis sofelTan dakavSirebis saukeTeso iaraRia radio~, — werda 1931 w. 17 maiss gazeTi `komunisti~. garda `glexTa radiogazeTisa~, soflis koleqtivizacias, kolmeurneobebis, manqana-traqtorebis sadgurebis Camoyalibebasa da soflad kulturul gardaqmnebs eZRvneboda specialuri sazogadoebriv-politikuri da mxatvruli gadacemebi rubrikiT `glexis saaTi~. aseve gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel `ukanaskneli cnobebi glexebisaTvis~, `popularuli koncerti glexebisaTvis~ 1 `radio-universiteti~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1929, 12.10. 33 da a.S. sakolmeurneo gadacemebisTvis yoveldRe gankuTvnili iyo saRamos saaTebi da gansakuTrebiT sagrZnobi iyo literaturul-musikaluri gadacemebis siWarbe, mag., `Sroma qarTul poeziaSi~, `nikoloz baraTaSvili da misi poezia~, `aRmosavluri musikis koncerti~, `arsena jorjiaSvili~, `dasavleT evropis revoluciuri poezia~ da sxv. sakolmeurneo cxovrebasTan erTad radios mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia saxalxo meurneobis sxva dargebic, gansakuTrebiT mrewvelobis sakiTxebi, ramdenadac 30-ian wlebSi xelisuflebam prioriteti industrializacias mianiWa da didi aRmSeneblobiTi saqmianoba gaaCaRa respublikis masStabiT. 1933 wels mwyobrSi Cadga stalinis saxelobis hidroeleqtrosadguri `rionhesi~, amuSavda zestafonis feroSenadnobTa qarxana, samkervalo fabrika baTumSi da sxva samrewvelo obieqtebi. maT Sesaxeb sistematurad gadaicemoda informacia da, aseve, TiToeul maTgans specialuri gadacemebic mieZRvna. magram, miuxedavad xelisuflebis didi Zalisxmevisa, qveynis radiofikacia mainc neli tempiT mimdinareobda, rac saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis winsvlasac mniSvnelovnad aferxebda. es sakiTxi sagangebo msjelobis saganic gaxda da saqarTvelos kompartiis centralur komitetSi mowveul specialur TaTbirze 1929-30 wlis radiofikaciis gegma CaSlilad gamocxadda. `radiocentri muSaobs `kus~ tempiT, cekavSiri ki muSaobs mxolod qaRaldze, profkavSirebi ki dganan ganze da mtkiced icaven neitralitets, adgilze kooperatiulma organizaciebma arc ki ician, vin awarmoebs radiofikacias. swored amiT aixsneba is, rom saqarTveloSi mTeli radiodadgmulobis 80% ar muSaobs~,1 — aRniSnavda presa. rogorc Cans, es saerTo-sakavSiro problema iyo — radiosaqmiT mravali sabWoTa uwyeba iyo dakavebuli da mas konkretuli `patroni~ ar hyavda. amitom fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatis struqturaSi arsebul radiosammarTvelos funqciebi gaufarTovda da 1931 wels ewoda fosta-telegrafis saxalxo komisariatTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti, xolo 1932 wels am komisariatis reorgani1 34 `radiofikaciis gegma CaSlilia~, gaz. `komunisti~, 1930, 10.09. zaciis gamo — sabWoTa kavSiris kavSirgabmulobis saxalxo komisariatTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti. Sesabamisad, 1932 wlis 8 ianvars amierkavkasiis centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis Tavmjdomarem filipe maxaraZem xeli moawera dadgenilebas amierkavkasiis centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumTan amierkavkasiis radiomauwyeblobis komitetis mowyobis Sesaxeb, romelic damtkicda Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: `Tavmjdomare — ibrahim TaRievi, Tavmjdomaris moadgile — aleqsandre sturua, saqarTvelos ssr komitetidan — pimen xobua, azerbaijanidan — n. gordienko, somxeTidan — k. karaguliani~.1 amierkavkasiis radiokomitetis saarqivo masalebis monacemebiT, 1932 wlis ivnisSi radioSi funqcionirebda Semdegi seqtorebi: 1. sockulturisa da propagandistuli seqtori (i. gabunia, g. marinaSvili, g. nadiraZe, g. cxadaZe). 2. mxatvruli (i. baxtaZe, k. feodosiSvili, g. toroSeliZe, i. nazariani, l. lukaSeva). 3. sabavSvo (o. gvelesiani, g. manjgalaZe, r. araqelovi, f. oviani). 4. radiogazeTebis redaqcia (qarTul, rusul, somxur, azerbaijanul enebze: v. devaZe, i. javaxiSvili, v. ZnelaZe, v. egnataSvili, i. ioseliani, v. begiaSvili, i. wulukiZe, f. peCalini, m. avanesovi, m. kormunovi, v. artriani da T. huseinovi). 5. komkavSiruli (d. bliau, l. anoiani, a. gociriZe). 6. fizkulturuli mauwyebloba (a. wereTeli, v. samsoniZe).2 1932 wlis oqtomberSi daiwyo Tbilisis radiosadguris axali mZlavri gadamcemis eqsploatacia, ramac mniSvnelovnad gaafarTova gadacemebis gavrcelebis are da xarisxi. 1933 wels saqarTveloSi amuSavda stalinis saxelobis 35kilovatiani radiosadguri, romelic aRWurvili iyo uaxlesi konstruqciis aparaturiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom igi aages adgilobrivma specialistebma Tbilisis radiocentris saxelosnoSi, romelic Semdgom radioqarxnad gadakeTda. am wels moxda sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani reorganizacia — radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti gamovida ssrk kavSirgabmulobis komisariatis daqvemdebarebidan 1 2 am/k sfsr kanonebi da gankargulebebi, 1932 w., # 2. am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 1, saq. 4, gv. 2. 35 da Camoyalibda damoukidebel struqturad, rogorc ssrk saxalxo komisarTa sabWosTan (Semdgom ministrTa sabWosTan) arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis sakavSiro komiteti. Sesabamisad, amierkavkasiis respublikebis mTel teritoriaze, radiomauwyeblobis erTiani xelmZRvanelobis mizniT, Seiqmna amierkavkasiis saxalxo komisarTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komiteti, romlis Tavmjdomared dainiSna aleqsandre sturua, xolo moadgiled partiuli muSaki ivliane gabunia. radios pasuxismgebeli mdivnoba da SeTavsebiT sagegmo-finansuri jgufis xelmZRvaneloba daekisra oTar aroSiZes. paralelurad, amierkavkasiis federaciaSi Semavali respublikebis xelmZRvanelobebs daevalaT, maT teritoriebze umokles vadaSi SeeqmnaT radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis respublikuri komitetebi. 1933 wlis 8 seqtembers muSaobas Seudga saqarTvelos ssr saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis respublikuri komiteti, romlis Tavmjdomared dainiSna ivliane gabunia. moadgiled — terenti SariqaZe.1 analogiuri komitetebi Camoyalibda somxeTsa da azerbaijanSi. faqtobrivad, amierkavkasiis radiokomiteti ganagebda amierkavkasiis federaciaSi Semavali respublikebis radiomauwyeblobaTa funqcionirebas da, saerTod, mTel radiosaqmes. axal xelmZRvanelobas droulad unda uzrunveleyo adgilobrivi radiokomitetebis organizaciuli da struqturuli reformebi, ganesazRvra radiomauwyeblobis muSaobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. praqtikam uCvena, rom radiogazeTis SesaZleblobani operatiuli informaciis sferoSi sakmaod SezRuduli iyo, erTi mxriv, misi periodulobiT (ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, dReSi erTi gamoSveba), xolo, meore mxriv, informaciis mopovebis, gadamuSavebisa da gavrcelebis sagazeTo meTodebis gadmotaniT, rac drois did danakargebs iwvevda. wina dRis movlenis meore dRes gaSuqeba, rac gazeTisTvis operatiulad iTvleboda, radiosTvis namdvilad ar iyo sakmarisi. amitom 1932 wlis agvistoSi radiogazeTebi gauqmda da 1 36 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 2, saq. 1, gv. 4. operatiuli informaciis gavrceleba daekisra `ukanasknel cnobaTa~ gamoSvebebs (igulisxmeboda, rom igi ukanasknel momentSi miRebul cnobebs gadascemda). Sesabamisi redaqcia sakavSiro radioSi Seiqmna 1932 wlis 1 seqtembers da Tavidan mas centraluri informaciis redaqcia erqva; pirvel xanebSi igi yoveldRiurad mxolod 4 gamoSvebas iZleoda. 1932 wlis dekemberSi, sakavSiro radiokomitetis msgavsad, saqarTveloSic Sewyda radiogazeTebis gamoSveba da mis bazaze Seiqmna `ukanasknel cnobaTa da politikuri informaciis redaqcia~, romelsac male `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia ewoda. sainformacio gamoSvebis forma (operatiuli cnobebis erTad Tavmoyra da erTsa da imave dros gadacema) metad organuli aRmoCnda radiomauwyeblobisaTvis da dRemde sayovelTaodaa gavrcelebuli msoflio praqtikaSi; TviTon saxelwodeba `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ ki imdenad xangamZle gamodga, rom eqvsi aTeuli wlis manZilze SemorCa saqarTvelos radios programas. aseve, sakavSiro radiokomitetis analogiiT, am redaqciis struqturaSi Camoyalibda e.w. `aqtualuri gadacemebis~ jgufi, romelic pirdapir reportaJebsa da translaciebs awyobda movlenaTa adgilebidan. saqarTveloSi pirveli `aqtualuri radiogadacema~ moewyo sagarejodan 1932 wels. misi uSualo monawile, veterani Jurnalisti vano javaxiSvili, romelic 1929-1938 wlebSi muSaobda radiokomitetSi, ase igonebda am movlenas: `pirveli aqtualuri gadacema sagarejos kolmeurneobidan gadaveciT. viyaviT e. baxtaZe, m. maWavariani, m. voznesenski da me. valaparakeT glexebi. soflis atmosfero rom Segveqmna, mikrofoni wyarosTan mivitaneT CuxCuxis gadasacemad. aseve gadaveciT mamlis yivili. gadacema Cven ar mogvismenia, magram, rogorc gviTxres, Zalian emociuri iyo. saerTod, aqtualur gadacemebs `rkinis scenars~ veZaxdiT, radgan igi winaswar iwereboda da gadaicemoda moqmedebis adgilidan. e. i. winaswar gamzadebuli scenaris mixedviT unda ganviTarebuliyo movlena. maxsovs, 1932 wels gadaveciT aqtualuri gadacema patriotul Temaze da cxenosanTa divizia gavatareT mikrofonis win, cxenebis fexis xma rom gasuliyo eTerSi. maSin yvelaferi pirdapir gadaicemoda. roca gadacemis mosawyobad mivdiodiT, mTe37 li aparatura Tan migvqonda da migvyavda ori teqnikosi. amave wels vaxtang ZamaSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT movamzadeT radioreportaJi `marganecis gza~, romelsac sami brigada gadmoscemda sami adgilidan — WiaTuridan, foTidan da Sorapnidan pirdapir eTerSi. Zalian gagviWirda maRaroebSi Sesvla, magram mainc movaxerxeT mikrofonis Setana ramdenime kilometrze da gadaveciT, Tu rogor xdeboda marganecis mopoveba~.1 `aqtualuri gadacemebi~ ufro xSirad ismoda eTerSi xmis Camweri aparatis — Sorinofonis praqtikaSi danergvis Semdeg (igi 1932-1934 wlebSi Seqmna leningradelma gamomgonebelma aleqsandre Sorinma). `ukanaskneli cnobebi~, pirvel rigSi, propagandas uwevda partiisa da mTavrobis mier dasaxuli kursis ganxorcielebas, romelic 1933-1939 wlebSi ganisazRvreboda meore xuTwliani gegmis Sesrulebis, kulturuli revoluciisa da saxalxo meurneobis rekonstruqciis amocanebiT. sainformacio gamoSvebebi gadaicemoda dReSi samjer — diliT, saRamos da RamiT qarTul da rusul enebze, dReSi erTxel somxur da azerbaijanul enebze. gansakuTrebiT didi datvirTva hqonda radios politikuri movlenebis gaSuqebis dros, kerZod, saarCevno kampaniebis, sakavSiro da adgilobrivi sabWoebis yrilobisaTvis mzadebis dReebSi. am mizniT sistematurad ewyoboda gasvlebi saqarTvelos raionebSi da gadaicemoda adgilobrivi xelmZRvaneli muSakebis, mowinave muSebis, kolmeurneebis da sxva profesiis adamianebis gamosvlebi mikrofonTan. `ukanasknel cnobebSi~ Camoyalibda da daixvewa iseTi radioJanrebi, rogoricaa informaciuli SeniSvna, angariSi, mikrofonTan gamosvla, reportaJi (naklebad interviu), gamoCnda radioJurnalistTa profesiuli kadrebic, romlebic ZiriTadad presidan movidnen da aiTvises radioJurnalistis unar-Cvevebi. im droisTvis damaxasiaTebel enTuziazms kargad moergo radioforma `mikrofonTan gamosvla~, romelsac Tavidanve gamocdilebis gaziarebis funqcia daekisra da adamianebis TviTgamoxatvis saSualebad iTvleboda. mikrofonTan umete1 38 i. javaxiSvili, `ganTiadi~, gaz. `Tbilisi~, 1977, 11.02. sad gamodiodnen muSebi, glexebi, partiuli muSakebi, naklebad mecnierebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweni. maT axasiaTebda amaRlebuli, paTetikuri toni da optimisturi ganwyoba, rasac dadebiTi gavlena unda moexdina auditoriaze. 1935 wels sakavSiro radiom qveyanas amcno doneckeli meSaxtis aleqsei staxanovis `SromiTi gmirobis~ Sesaxeb da mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi farTod gaiSala staxanovuri moZraoba gegmebis gadaWarbebiT SesrulebisaTvis. saqarTvelos radiomac operatiulad SemoiRo cikli `staxanovelTa tribuna~, sadac sistematurad iwvevdnen Sromis mowinaveebs, romlebic paTetikurad saubrobdnen TavianT warmatebebze. es iyo gamocdilebis gaziarebis tribunac, romlis paTosic misabaZi unda gamxdariyo sxva mSromelebisTvisac. swored radioTi gaacno msmenelebs staxanovelma feiqarma eTeri mazanaSvilma is baraTi, romelic aleqsei staxanovisagan miiRo.1 saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemaTa komitetis (rogorc mas moixseniebdnen oficialur dokumentebSi) `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi 1934 wlis 27 ivnisis monacemebiT muSaobdnen: 1. giorgi surgulaZe — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori (masve evaleboda wiTelarmielTa gadacemebis xelmZRvaneloba), 2. vano javaxiSvili — qarTul gadacemaTa politikuri redaqtori, 3. ivane ioseliani — qarTul gadacemaTa literaturuli redaqtori, 4. emil farsadanovi — rusul gadacemaTa redaqtori, 5. varTan artriani — somxur gadacemaTa redaqtori (SeTavsebiT), 6. mamed iskandarovi — azerbaijanul gadacemaTa redaqtori (SeTavsebiT), 7. leo gabunia — organizatorul-masobrivi muSaobis instruqtori.2 masobrivi muSaobis organizatorebs evalebodaT radiogadacemebis koleqtiuri mosmenebis mowyoba, muSebisa da kolmeurneebis mikrofonTan gamosvlebis organizeba, raionebSi da sawarmo-dawesebulebebSi gasvla radios popularizaciis mizniT. `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ garda, radios sainformacio mauwyeblobaSi 1936 wlidan damkvidrda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~, 1 2 g. enuqiZe, saxelovani TariRi, `sabWoTa xelovneba~, 1977, # 4, gv. 7. am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979. aR. 1, saq. 4, gv. 3. 39 romelic gamosasvleli dReebis garda, gadaicemoda yoveldRe qarTul da rusul enebze da dedaqalaqis saWirboroto problemebs exeboda. 30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi sabWoTa unitaruli saxelmwifos Camoyalibebam ganapiroba masmediis centralizacia mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT da sakavSiro radiokomitetma sruli kontroli daamyara adgilobriv radiokomitetebze. 1935 wlis Semodgomaze, `amierkavkasiaSi respublikuri radiokomitetebis gaZlierebis mizniT~, gauqmda amierkavkasiis saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komiteti da Seiqmna sabWoTa kavSiris amierkavkasiis federaciis saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sammarTvelo. Sesabamisad, al. sturuac amieridan iwodeboda rogorc sakavSiro radiokomitetis rwmunebuli amierkavkasiaSi. mis moadgiled dainiSna n. bartiSevski, TanaSemwed sagegmo-safinanso sakiTxebSi — o. aroSiZe, ufros ekonomistad — T. lolaZe. faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos radiokomitets, da aseve, amierkavkasiis federaciaSi Semavali respublikebis radiokomitetebs ori zemdgomi instancia kurirebda: sakavSiro radiokomiteti da amierkavkasiis radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sammarTvelo, xolo am uwyebebs — Tavad xelisuflebisa da kompartiis umaRlesi organoebi. amave wels saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komitetis Tavmjdomared dainiSna partiuli muSaki artem kvirikaZe, xolo mis moadgiled — yofili Tavmjdomare ivliane gabunia. es cvlileba, savaraudod, ufro politikuri xasiaTisa iyo da moaxloebuli represiebis win radiogadacemebze adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mxridan kontrolis gamkacrebas isaxavda miznad. Sesabamisad, radioprogramebSic imata propagandistulma gadacemebma, romlebic komunisturi ideologiis poziciebidan ganumartavda msmenelebs sazogadoebrivpolitikur movlenebs, ekonomikisa da kulturis sakiTxebs. am mizniT farTod gamoiyeneboda leqciebisa da saubrebis forma, romelTa avtorebi partiuli muSakebi, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebaTa xelmZRvanelebi, ama Tu im dargis specialistebi da mecnierebi iyvnen. aseve, radio farTod iyenebda cen40 traluri da respublikuri presis masalebs. sakmarisia Tvali gadavavloT propagandistul gadacemaTa saTaurebs da maTi mizanmimarTulebac TvalsaCino gaxdeba: `komunizmis mSeneblobis udidesi mesaWe~, `Sroma komunistur sazogadoebaSi~, `ssrk miRwevaTa mokle mimoxilva~, `lenini religiis Sesaxeb~, `leninuri `iskra~ da misi gavrceleba saqarTveloSi~ da a.S. radios propagandistuli muSaoba gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda 1936 wlidan ssrk konstituciis proeqtis ganxilvisa da miRebis periodSi. gadaicemoda leqciebi, moxsenebebi, konsultaciebi, pasuxebi mSromelTa SekiTxvebze da a.S. gaizarda radioprogramebSi saganmanaTleblo gadacemebis wilic. radios organizaciul struqturaSi Seiqmna axali seqtori `TviTganviTarebis dasaxmareblad~, romelsac msmenelebSi unda gaeRviZebina codnis SeZenisa da gaRrmavebis survili da damoukidebeli swavlis interesic aReZra. umetesad gamoiyeneboda rogorc centraluri presidan Targmnili, ise respublikuri beWduri organoebidan amokrefili masalebi. aqve Sedioda saubrebi mecnierebisa da teqnikis Sesaxeb. magaliTad, `dedamiwis warmoSoba~, `ra aRmoaCina darvinma~, `miwisZvrebis mecnieruli winaswarmetyveleba~, `akademikosi pavlovi~, `fridrix engelsi~, `safrangeTis didi revolucia~ da sxva. seqtoris pirveli `organizator-xelmZRvaneli~ iyo akaki ZiZiguri. 1936 wlidan, sakavSiro radios msgavsad, saqarTvelos radiokomitetma wamoiwyo specialuri cikli diasaxlisebisaTvis — `aqtiuri diasaxlisi~, romlis mizanic iyo farTod Caeba sabWoTa qalebi socializmis mSeneblobaSi (igi grZeldeboda omis periodSi da SemdgomSic). mzaddeboda gadacemebi im adamianebze, romlebic kargad aTavsebdnen ojaxur da sazogadoebriv saqmianobas. yuradReba daeTmo mravalSvilianobis problemas, romelic, rogorc Cans, maSinac mwvave erovnuli sakiTxi iyo. gadaicemoda eqimis rCevebi dedaTa dasaxmareblad, bavSvebis movlasa da aRzrdaze da a.S. qalebisTvis specialurad SemoiRes ciklebi literaturaze da saqarTvelos istoriaze. 1937 wlis bolos sakavSiro radiom daiwyo leqciebis gadacema sabWoTa kavSiris kompartiis istoriis propagandis 41 mizniT da yvela respublikur radiokomitets daevala analogiuri gadacemebis uzrunvelyofa. es ganpirobebuli iyo `sak. kp (b) istoriis mokle kursis~ gamocemiT, romelic didi xnis manZilze (omamde da omis Semdgomac) sabWoTa sazogadoebis ideologiuri aRzrdis safuZvels da sayovelTao politswavlebis ZiriTad saxelmZRvanelos warmoadgenda. wigni saswrafod iTargmna qarTul enaze da 1938 wlidan saqarTvelos radios eTerSi damkvidrda gadacemaTa cikli `sakavSiro kp(b) istoriis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~ qarTul da rusul enebze. garda leqciebisa, gadaicemoda axsna-ganmartebiTi saubrebi: magaliTad, `rogor vswavlob me istoriis mokle kurss~, `istoriis mokle kursis mniSvneloba~ da a.S. 30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi gaumjobesda radiogadacemebis xarisxic. 1935 wlis 26 ivliss saq. kp(b) centralur komitetis dadgenilebaSi `radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi~ sagangebod iyo aRniSnuli, rom `ordenosan sabWoTa saqarTvelos unda hqondes sanimuSod mowyobili radiogadacema, radiogadamcemi da radiomimRebi qselebi — ai, mTavari amocana~.1 xolo erTi wlis Semdeg, 1936 wlis 17 marts, gazeTi `komunisti~ aRniSnavda: `tfilisis radiokvanZi erT-erTi mZlavri kvanZia saqarTveloSi. Cven milionobiT msmeneli gvyavs, gvismenen polaruli arqtikidan, xulos raionis Soreuli soflidan, vladivastokidan leningradamde~. radioSi gamoCndnen `damkvreli~ korespondentebic. radiokomitetis xelmZRvaneloba sanimuSo gadacemebis avtorebs madlobebiTa da premiebiT ajildoebda. magaliTad, 1935 wlis seqtemberSi frunzes saxelobis qarTulma samTo diviziam moawyo laSqroba myinvarwverze, sadac unda daedgaT `msoflioSi pirveli diadi socialisturi samSoblos yvela sasaxelo saqmeTa Semoqmedis da sulis Camdgmelis amx. stalinis biusti. saq. radiokomitets wilad xvda gaewia kulturuli momsaxureba molaSqre mebrZolebisTvis radiogadacemis specialuri mowyobiT. es davaleba warmatebiT Seasrules litredaqtorma s. yaragiSvilma da gamomSvebi jgufis xelmZRvanelma n. tomaSCukma, romlebmac dasmuli amocanis SesrulebaSi gviCvenes 1 42 radiofronti, 1935 w., # 23, gv. 4. bolSevikuri nebisyofis namdvili nimuSebi da saukeTeso radiogadacema moawyves~.1 an kidev, `dajildovdes oqtombris 17 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT socialistur SejibrebaSi aRebuli valdebulebis asi procentiT xarisxobrivad SesrulebisaTvis da damkvreluri muSaobis warmoebisTvis komitetis TanamSromeli farsadanovi emili~2 da a.S. umTavresad, politikurad da ideologiurad gamokveTili radiogadacemebi imsaxurebda xelmZRvanelobis mowonebas. da, piriqiT, sayvedurebiT da samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebiT isjebodnen is TanamSromlebi, romlebic saTanado `ideur sifrTxiles~ ver iCendnen. magaliTad, 1935 wlis 28 Tebervlis brZanebiT, `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ litredaqtorebs e. farsadanovsa da i. ioselians `gadacemis `metalurgebi stalinTan, molotovTan da orjonikiZesTan~ biuletenSi stalinis sityvis gamotovebisTvis, rac miewereba klasikuri sifxizlis miZinebas, gamoecxadoT sastiki sayveduri Sromis siaSi SetaniT~,3 amave dros yvela radiomuSaks mieca gafrTxileba `klasikuri sifxizlis gamaxvilebisaTvis~. 1936 wlis 1 ivliss gauqmda sabWoTa kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli amierkavkasiis radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sammarTvelo, da Sesabamisad, rwmunebulis Tanamdebobac. amjerad, al. sturuam saqarTvelos radiokomitetis Tavmjdomare artem kvirikaZe Secvala. ramdenime TveSi avadmyofobis gamo isic gaTavisuflda am Tanamdebobidan da mis adgilze giorgi mirotaZe dainiSna, romlis Tavmjdomareobac xanmokle gamodga. erTi wlis Semdeg mas radiokomitetSi `muSaobis CaSla~ dabralda da cnobili represiebis msxverpli Seiqna. 1937 wlis agvistodan saq. ssr saxkomsabWosTan arsebul radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komitets saTaveSi Caudga Salva cagareiSvili. am periodisTvis radioSi funqcionirebda Semdegi seqtorebi (xan maT redaqciebsac uwodebdnen): politmauwyeblobis seqtori, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda amave dros Tavmjdoma1 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 2, saq. 4. iqve, saq. 7, gv. 25. 3 iqve, gv. 18. 2 43 ris erT-erTi moadgile a. leviti; agitacia-propagandis seqtori — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori g. manjgalaZe, redaqtorebi: l. gabunia, a. Wyonia da m. voznesenski; literaturul-dramatuli seqtori — pm/g redaqtori a. gabeskiria, redaqtorebi: g. nadiraZe, a. karamiani; sabavSvo seqtori — pm/g redaqtori a. cercvaZe, redaqtorebi: a. ZiZiguri, e. CodriSvili, x. alieva; musikaluri seqtori — pm/g redaqtori al. bukia, redaqtorebi: r. Saverdiani, s. niqabaZe, i. molCanovi; `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia — pm/g redaqtori S. tabataZe, literatorebi: g. giorgaZe da n. tyemalaZe; somxurenovan `ukanasknel cnobebs~ xelmZRvanelobda m. aslaniani, xolo azerbaijanuls — m. muradovi. arsebobda sxva saStato erTeulebic: arastudiuri Canawerebis organizatori — l. gabunia, korespondenti — m. WeiSvili, reportiori — v. firaniSvili, `masovik-organizatori~, memontaJe, xmis operatori, radiofoniki da sxv., aseve radiofikaciis seqtori — ufrosi k. kontrikaZe da Zireuli mauwyeblobis seqtori p. javaxaZis xelmZRvanelobiT (es seqtori kurirebda regionebSi adgilobrivi radiokvanZebis muSaobas).1 sagangebod unda aRiniSnos gamomSvebi seqtori, romelic radios diqtorebs aerTianebda. swored aq Caeyara safuZveli diqtoris profesias, romelic radios daarsebis dRidanve misi aucilebeli atributi gaxda. zepiri sityvis masobrivi gavrcelebis SesaZleblobam ganapiroba mikrofonTan wamkiTxvelis axali profesiis warmoSoba. radioprogramebis did nawils diqtorebi axmovanebdnen. am Tanamdebobaze 30-iani wlebis Suaxanebamde radiokomitetSi ZiriTadad sxvadasxva specialobis adamianebi muSaobdnen, romlebmac gamocdileba praqtikul saqmianobaSi SeiZines da daeuflnen axal profesias. a. boiarski, v. jafariZe, al. cercvaZe, c. amirejibi, ak. boxua, n. tomaSCuki, n. timoSCenko, l. solncevi da t. Sleteri, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pirveli diqtorebi iyvnen. umravlesobam 1936 wlamde imuSava, garda a. boiarskisa, romelic 1938 wels dainiSna ufros diqtorad, xolo 1945 wlidan sxva Tanamdebobaze gadavida. 1933 wlidan saqarTvelos radiokomitetSi Seiqmna diqtorTa satarifo-sakvalifikacio komisia, rome1 44 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 1, saq. 17, gv. 24. lic damsaxurebis mixedviT aniWebda diqtorebs IV, III, II, I da umaRles kategoriebs. swored konkursis safuZvelze radios qarTuli gadacemebis diqtorebad miiRes qeTo landia, Tamar leJava, qeTevan kereseliZe, Tamar gaTenaSvili, aleqsandre cercvaZe, rusuli gadacemebis diqtorad — ekaterine fliasteri, azerbaijanuli gadacemebis — ali-zade-hasani. 1934 wlidan daiwyes radioSi muSaoba azerbaijanul-rusul gadacemaTa diqtorad lusia abramianma da somxuri gadacemebis — ema anmegikianma. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos radiokomiteti yovelwliurad miavlenda diqtorebs moskovSi, sakavSiro radiokomitetis diqtorTa gadasamzadebel erTTvian kursebze kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad da es tradicia sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde grZeldeboda. Tu ra did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen radiokomitetis TanamSromlebi radiometyvelebas da mxatvruli kiTxvis xelovnebis dauflebas, amas gazeT `komunistis~ 1936 wlis 17 martis nomerSi dabeWdili g. nadiraZis, n. Sestkovisa da p. kobaxiZis werilic gviCvenebs saTauriT `literatura mikrofonTan~. masSi gaanalizebulia radiokomitetis muSaoba da sagangebodaa aRniSnuli, rom `redaqciaSi ukve erkvevian radios specifikaSi da ician, rom maT arsebiTad ori amocana aqvT: saaqtioro da saavtoro — orive metad mniSvnelovania. radios aqvs Tavisi sametyvelo kanoni, yvelas rodi SeuZlia mikrofonTan kiTxva. Cveni msaxiobebi jer kidev ver iyeneben TavianT mxatvrul SesaZleblobebs mikrofonTan, radgan mikrofoni jer kidev bevrisTvis `saidumlo aparatia~. gvyavs aseTebic: u. CxeiZe, v. anjafariZe, ak. xorava, v. goZiaSvili, ak. vasaZe da sxvebi. isini Zalian uyvarT msmenelebs~. 1938 wlidan daiwyo radiokomitetSi diqtoris Tanamdebobebze msaxiobebis miwvevac, romlebsac metyvelebis ufro maRali kultura gaaCndaT da mikrofonTan muSaobis xelovnebasac iolad iTvisebdnen. aseTi diqtorebi iyvnen ak. xoravas saxelobis dramatuli studiis kursdamTavrebuli daviT spirandi da kinomsaxiobTa saswavleblis yofili studenti daviT Zigua. saqarTvelos radioSi ukve ormocian wlebSi Camoyalibda diqtorTa profesiuli skola, romelmac bevri niWie45 ri diqtori daaostata da didi rolic Seasrula radios popularizaciaSi. 30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi respublikur presas radiomauwyeblobis specialuri beWduri organoc Seemata, rac mianiSnebda, rom radio ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo masobrivi informaciis damoukidebel saSualebad, Jurnalistikis axal saxeobad da mas seriozuli ideologiuri, organizatoruli da kulturuli funqciebi hqonda dakisrebuli. radios mTeli respublikis masStabiT usmendnen sxvadasxva profesiis, erovnebisa Tu asakis adamianebi da maT meti informacia sWirdebodaT radios Sesaxeb. marTalia, radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis sakiTxebze radios daarsebis dRidanve werdnen respublikuri Jurnal-gazeTebi da radioprogramebic ibeWdeboda, magram es sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda da aucilebeli gaxda sakuTari, e.w. radiopresis Seqmna. pirveli aseTi organo 1935 wlis 15 Tebervals gamovida da ewodeboda `radiogazeTi~, `saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemis komitetisa da saqarTvelos alkk centralur komitetTan arsebuli radios xelSemwyobi komitetis organo~ (erTxans komkavSirs radios Sefobac evaleboda da amitom cxaddeboda igi gazeTis Tanagamomcemlad). male komkavSiri dasaxelebidan amovarda da erTaderT gamomcemlad darCa radiokomiteti. gazeTs redaqtorobda radiokomitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile ivliane gabunia. meore da Semdegi nomrebi Secvlili saxelwodebiT gamovida `radioprogramebi~, `radiomsmenelTa damxmare~, Tumca darCa imave saxiT da imave redaqtoriT. es mcire formatis gazeTi ilustrirebuli iyo, gamodioda TveSi samjer da mis funqcias Seadgenda msmenelebisaTvis `amx. stalinis saxelobis radiosadguris gadacemaTa programebis~ gacnoba, maTi orientacia saTanado gadacemebze, romlebic rubrikebis saSualebiT dalagebuli iyo Tematikisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT: `dauswrebeli radio part-swavleba~, `sakolmeurneo gadacemebi~, `musikaluri gadacemebi~, `sabavSvo gadacemebi~ da sxv. garda amisa, pirvel gverdze rubrikiT `moismineT~ ibeWdeboda mniSvnelovani gadacemebis mokle anotaciebi, rubri46 kebi: `yoveldRe~, `gamosasvleli dReebis garda~, `gamosasvlel dReebSi~. garkveuli adgili eTmoboda radiomsmenelTa gamoxmaurebebsac rubrikiT `radiomsmenelebi radiogadacemebis Sesaxeb~. gazeTis furclebze radios propagandas uwevdnen cnobili qarTveli mwerlebi, kulturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebi. magaliTad, Salva dadiani werilSi saTauriT `radiosaTvis~ gansakuTrebulad mianiSnebda radios aRmzrdelobiT daniSnulebaze, mis rolze sityvakazmuli mwerlobis popularizaciaSi da Tanadgomasac hpirdeboda: `Cemis mxriT, mzad var, rac ki xelidan gamomiva, Tu dagWirdebiT, vemsaxuro radios, romlis mniSvnelobac socialisturi mSeneblobis saqmeSi metad didia da saWiro~.1 amave saTauriT momdevno nomerSi daibeWda sandro SanSiaSvilis werilic, sadac igi sakuTar grZnobebs radios mimarT Semdegi sityvebiT gamoxatavda: `miyvars radio da aRtacebuli var. Cemi survilia saqarTvelos radiom meti yuradReba miaqcios sxvadasxva kuTxis xalxur Semoqmedebas, rogorc simRerebs, ise kazmul sityvierebas~.2 `radioprogramebi~ politikuri xasiaTis werilebsac beWdavda — ZiriTadad radiokomitetis xelmZRvanelTa gamoxmaurebebs xelisuflebis mier miRebul dadgenilebebze radios dargSi da sxva xasiaTis masalebs. 1935-36 wlebSi `radioprogramebis~ paralelurad kidev erTi gazeTi gamodioda `radiofrontis~ saxelwodebiT (es saTauri sakavSiro radiokomitetis orkvireuli Jurnalis analogiiT daerqva). masac i. gabunia redaqtorobda da radioprogramebisa da anotaciebis garda, sxva saintereso informaciebsac beWdavda radios Sesaxeb. Tumca Zneli asaxsnelia, Tu ratom gamoscemda erTi da igive organizacia erTdroulad or erTnair gazeTs. 1935 wels gamosvlas iwyebs radiokomitetis kidev erTi yovelTviuri organo (patara albomis saxiT) `sabavSvo radiogadacemebis programa~, romlis pasuxismgebeli redaqtori iyo vaxtang ZamaSvili. rogorc saTauri migvaniSnebs, igi beWdavda sabavSvo mauwyeblobis radioprogramebs da reklamas uwevda sabavSvo gadacemebs. gamodioda 1 2 `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w., # 1, gv. 1. radioprogramebi, `radiomsmenelis damxmare~, 1935 w., # 2, gv. 4. 47 qarTul da rusul enebze, savaraudod, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. radiopresis 1935-36 wlebis sxva nimuSebi jerjerobiT miukvlevelia da, safiqrebelia, rom 40-ian wlebamde arc gamodioda, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT 1939 wlis 26 noembers adgilobrivi sabWoebis arCevnebis mzadebasTan dakavSirebiT erTjerad gamocemas `radiobiuletens~. igi oTxgverdiania da masSi dabeWdilia masalebi adgilobrivi radiokvanZebis muSaobaze arCevnebis Sesaxvedrad da radiogadacemebis cxrilebi. 1940 wlidan `radioprogramebi~ kvlav iwyebs gamosvlas gazeTis saxiT, magram 1941 wlis ivnisSi isev wydeba omis dawyebasTan dakavSirebiT. radiopresis es pirveli nimuSebi metad saintereso masalas Seicavs saqarTvelos radios istoriis omamdel periodze da gvexmareba qarTuli sabWoTa radioJurnalistikis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi procesebis garkvevaSi. 1936 wels radios muSaobis gaumjobesebas mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli praqtikaSi profesor Sorinis mier damzadebulma xmis Camweri da aRmdgeni aparatis `Sorinofonis~ danergvam. 1936 wels moewyo pirveli sacdeli gadacema — SorinofoniT Caiwera nawyvetebi z. faliaSvilis operidan `abesalom da eTeri~ Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriasTan arsebuli saopero studiis axalgazrda momRerlebis SesrulebiT, 22 marts ki Caiwera saqarTvelos radiofestivalze gamosul musikos-SemsrulebelTa koncerti. Sorinofons farTod iyenebdnen studiisgare CanawerebisaTvis, ZiriTadad aqtualuri gadacemebis mosamzadeblad. aseT Canawerebze gansakuTrebuli kontroli iyo dawesebuli, ramdenadac komitetSi mxolod ramdenime Sorinofoni arsebobda, moTxovnileba ki didi iyo. TanamSromlebi sagangebodac ki iyvnen gafrTxilebuli, rom `arastudiuri gadacemebis momzadeba mxolod komitetis xelmZRvanelobasTan gegmisa da Temis SeTanxmebis Semdegaa nebadarTuli~.1 sul male ki saqarTvelos radiokomitetma sakmao raodenobis Sorinofonis kompleqti miiRo da Seqmna `xmovanebis Camweri laboratoria~, romelic daeqvemdebara radiokomitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgiles iv. gabunias, teqnikur nawils xelmZRvanelobda s. kas1 48 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 3, gv. 6. raZe. Seiqmna agreTve e.w. meqanikuri gadacemebis seqtori, romelsac evaleboda programisTvis SorinoCanawerebisa da tonfilmebis momzadeba (tonfilms uwodebdnen kinofirze Caweril musikalur da xmovan fonogramas, romelic gankuTvnili iyo radioqselSi gadasacemad da farTod gamoiyeneboda praqtikaSi magnituri Caweris danergvamde). seqtors xelmZRvanelobda inJineri oTar quTaTelaZe. radiomuSakebi cdilobdnen yovel mniSvnelovan movlenasa Tu RonisZiebas `aqtualuri gadacemebiT~ gamoxmaurebodnen da ufro emociuri da radiogenuri produqcia miewodebinaT msmenelebisaTvis. `aqtualur gadacemebs~ jer kidev ar uwodebdnen reportaJebs, magram maTSi ukve gamokveTili iyo radioreportaJisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi: dinamikuri Txroba, `daswrebis efeqtis~ Seqmna, Jurnalistis pirovnebis TviTwarmoCena da a.S. ase magaliTad, 1936 wels ssrk umaRlesi jildoebi gadaecaT saqarTvelos respublikis mSromelebs, mwerlebsa da xelovnebis moRvaweebs. 30 marts moskovSi myofi delegacia TbilisSi dabrunda da radioc operatiulad `aqtualuri gadacemiT~ gamoexmaura am movlenas. radiopresa ase aRwerda am process: `30 marts Ramis 11 saaTze mikrofons daaseirnebdnen tfilisis sadguris baqanze. — amxanagebo, matarebeli, romelsac mohyavs delegacia, ukve gamoCnda, — acxadeben radioSi da msmeneli ise grZnobs Tavs, TiTqos isinic eswrebian warCinebul adamianebTan Sexvedras. sadgurze moZraoba, zaris rekva, matareblis Semosvla da orTqlmavlis sayviri — yvelaferi es garkveviT ismis radiomimRebSi. daiwyo mitingi da mikrofonma gadasca amx. nioraZis da piloti qalis rusudan Jordanias sityvebi. mozRvavebuli xalxis vaSa ismis radioSi. 30 martis radiogadacema teqnikuradac saukeTeso iyo~.1 aseTive radioreportaJebi momzadda xaSuris rkinigzis sadguridan, staxanovelTa binebidan, quTaisidan, sagarejos, gurjaanis raionebidan. radio SeZlebisdagvarad cdilobda msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebis saqmis kursSi hyoloda msmeneli da rubrikiT `saerTaSoriso cxovreba~ kviraSi samjer gadascemda jerovnad 1 aqtualuri gadacema tfilisis sadguridan, `radiofronti~, 1936 w., 1. 49 cenzuragavlil informaciebs ucxoeTis Sesaxeb, umetesad ki — centraluri da respublikuri presidan amoRebul masalebs. am periodSi meti yuradReba daeTmo faSizmis mxilebas (antifaSisturi propaganda daiwyo jer kidev 1934 wlidan — laipcigis cnobili procesisa da Semdgom espaneTis samoqalaqo omis gaSuqebiT, magram am periodSi ufro gaZlierda). gaCaRda Tavdacvisa da samxedro momzadebis farTo propaganda (rogorc Cans, sazogadoebrivi azris momzadeba momavali omisTvis). 1939 wlidan gamoCnda programebSi axali rubrika `qimiis istoriidan~, romelSic saubari iyo atomis agebulebaze da misi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaze, aseve qimiis rolze qveynis Tavdacvis saqmeSi. amave wlidan daiwyo radioSi respublikuri gazeTebis mimoxilvebisa da kviraSi 4-jer centraluri gazeTebis — `pravdisa~ da `izvestiis~ mowinave statiebis Targmanebis gadacema. rogorc adre aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos radio 30-ian wlebSi mauwyeblobda 6 enaze, maT Soris drodadro afxazur da osur enebzec. Jurnal `teqnika da SromaSi~ 1938 wlis 4-5 nomerSi gamoqveynebuli cxrilis mixedviT, enobrivi TvalsazrisiT, radiogadacemebis procentuli balansi Semdegnairia: gadacemebs qarTul enaze ukavia 60%, rusulenovans (moskovidan translaciebis gareSe) — 20%, somxur da azerbaijanulenovans — 10-10%. Tu moskovis radiokomitetis translaciebsac gaviTvaliswinebT, romelic yoveldRe Seadgenda daaxloebiT 3 saaTs, cxadia, rom saqarTvelos radioSi rusulenovani gadacemebis wili sakmaod maRali iyo. zogierTi translirebuli gadacema iTargmneboda qarTuladac da or enaze gadaicemoda erTsa da imave dRes. am praqtikas xelovnuri xasiaTi hqonda da ufro politikuri mosazrebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. 30-iani wlebis SuaxanebSi Camoyalibebuli sazogadoebriv-politikuri radiomauwyebloba, romelic warmatebiT asrulebda ideologiur da informaciul funqciebs, socialisturi sinamdvilis mZlavri agitatori da propagandisti iyo. amasTanave materialur-teqnikuri bazisa da radioaparaturis gaumjobesebam biZgi misca radioJanrebisa da radioformebis struqturuli da gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebas, xolo winaswar dafiqsirebis saSualebam gaa50 farTova xmovani dokumentalistikis sazRvrebi da maSindeli sazogadoebrivi realobis erTgvar mematianed mogvevlina. rac Seexeba mxatvrul mauwyeblobas, am periodSi ukve gamokveTilia misi sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: literaturuli, dramatuli da musikaluri gadacemebi. Tumca literaturuldramatuli mauwyebeloba 1927-1930 wlebSi jer kidev sakmaod uferulad gamoiyureboda: m. gorkis nawerebis mxatvruli kiTxva, l. tolstois dabadebis 100 wlisTavi, oqtombris revoluciisadmi miZRvnili literaturuli saRamoebi, nawyvetebi jon ridis wignidan `aTi dRe, romelmac SeZra msoflio~. revoluciuri piesa `anzoris~ translacia, mxatvruli programa glexebisaTvis, koncertebisa da operebis translaciebi da sxva usistemod gadaicemoda eTerSi. jer kidev ar Candnen qarTveli mwerlebi mikrofonTan. mdgomareoba mkveTrad Seicvala sakavSiro kp (b) centraluri komitetis 1932 wlis 23 aprilis dadgenilebis `saliteraturo-samxatvro organizaciaTa gardaqmnis Sesaxeb~ miRebis Semdeg. masSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom `amJamad, roca proletaruli literaturisa da xelovnebis kadrebi ukve aRizardnen, qarxnebidan, fabrikebidan da kolmeurneobebidan dawinaurdnen axali mwerlebi da mxatvrebi, arsebuli proletaruli saliteraturo-samxatvro organizaciaTa CarCoebi ukve viwro xdeba da aferxebs mxatvruli Semoqmedebis seriozul gaSlas~.1 aqedan gamomdinare, gauqmda mweralTa sxvadasxva dajgufebebi da yvela mwerali saerTo mweralTa kavSirSi gaerTianda. am dadgenilebiT bolo moeRo proletar mweralTa gabatonebul mdgomareobas da qarTuli literaturis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebs mikrofonTan gamosvlis saSualeba miecaT. radios Semdgom muSaobaze dadebiTi gavlena iqonia 1934 wlis 8 aprils moskovSi Catarebulma sakavSiro SemoqmedebiTma TaTbirma mxatvruli mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb, romelmac gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmo mxatvruli formebis ganviTarebas. aseve mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 1934 wlis 17 agvistos sabWoTa mweralTa pirveli sakavSiro yriloba, romlis Semdegac bolo moeRo proletar mweralTa laSqrobas klasi1 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, 1956 w., gv. 580. 51 kosTa winaaRmdeg da eTerSic gaisma `klasikuri memkvidreobis~ ciklis gadacemebi. radio klasikuri literaturis erTerTi pirveli popularizatori gaxda. igi gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT aRniSnavda qarTveli mwerlebis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis mniSvnelovan TariRebs da yovel literaturul movlenas aqtiurad exmianeboda. 1935 wlis 17 oqtombers vaJa-fSavelas neSti didubis panTeonidan mTawmindaze gadaasvenes. 11 oqtombers radiom gadasca vaJasadmi miZRvnili organyofilebiani SemoqmedebiTi saRamos radioreportaJi; `pirvel ganyofilebaSi vaJas Semoqmedebaze isaubra karlo kalaZem, gadaica Sio mRvimelis mogoneba masze. II ganyofilebaSi poetebma v. gafrindaSvilma, al. gomiaSvilma, g. kaWaxiZem da i. burWulaZem waikiTxes vaJas xsovnisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi. fandurze Sesrulda vaJas zogierTi simRera. aRsaniSnavia, rom radiom gadasca axal-axali masalebi, romlebic ramdenime dRis Semdeg daibeWda Jurnal-gazeTebSi~.1 radiom masStaburad aRniSna akaki wereTlis dabadebis 95 da gardacvalebis 20 wlisTavi. gadaica moxsenebebi akakis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, misi saukeTeso leqsebi da nawyvetebi moTxrobebidan, literaturuli montaJi `naTela~. 15 Tebervals ki pirvelad gaisma eTerSi akakis xma — Cawerili 1914 wels gramofonis firfitaze — ramdenime leqsi da `sityva axalgazrdobas~. `es firfita did iSviaTobas warmoadgens da misi gadacema didad saintereso iqneba Cveni msmenelebisaTvis, romlebic gaecnobian akakis xmas da mis maneras leqsis deklamaciisas~,2 — aRiniSneboda presaSi. akakis xmis es Canaweri dRes saqarTvelos radios `oqros fondis~ kuTvnilebaa. didi samzadisi gaaCaRa radiom ilia WavWavaZis 100 wlis iubilis dReebSi da mTeli saiubileo kviris ganmavlobaSi ar Sewyvetila eTerSi ilias nawarmoebebis kiTxva. gadaica literaturul-musikaluri montaJi `gandegili~, disputi `Catexili xidis Sesaxeb~ da sxv. 1 vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebiTi saRamo radioSi, `radiofronti~, 1935 w. 21 noemberi. 2 akaki wereTlis iubile, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Tebervali. 52 radio xSirad uTmobda eTers v. barnovis, n. lorTqifaniZis, e. ninoSvilisa da sxva klasikosTa nawarmoebebs. msmenelebis didi mowonebiT sargeblobda literaturuli ciklebi: `saubari Zvel qarTul mwerlobaze~, `qarTuli poeziis saRamo~, `qarTuli prozis saRamo~, `literaturuli kritikis saRamo~, aseve calkeuli mwerlebisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebi. informaciuli xasiaTisa iyo xuTwuTiani `RirsSesaniSnavi TariRebis kalendari~, romelic mokled asaxavda sabWoTa mwerlebis biografiebis mniSvnelovan momentebs. mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSi radiogenurobiT gamoirCeoda gadacemaTa cikli `mwerali mikrofonTan~, romelmac xeli Seuwyo qarTveli mwerlebis popularizacias farTo masebSi. 1933-1937 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ar darCenila TiTqmis arc erTi proletari Tu araproletari Semoqmedi, mikrofonTan rom ar gamosuliyo. am droisaTvis ukve bevrs moeswro axal cxovrebasTan Seguebac da sabWoTa saqarTvelos industrializaciasa da sakolmeurneo gardaqmnebze nawarmoebebis Seqmnac. msmenelebi amjerad eTeriTac ecnobodnen maT Semoqmedebas. magaliTad, rogorc radiogadacemebis anonsebi iuwyeba: `1938 wlis 26 oqtombers sak. alkk 20 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT moewyoba poetebis gamosvla mikrofonTan. komkavSirisadmi miZRvnil leqsebs waikiTxaven g. tabiZe, i. mosaSvili, ir. abaSiZe, a. maSaSvili, k. boboxiZe, s. TavaZe~. aseve winaswar ityobinebodnen, rom `lit-dram seqtorma daamuSava sadResaswaulo winadReebis radiogadacemis programa erTi dekadisTvis. mikrofonTan gamovlen mwerlebi m. javaxiSvili, p. iaSvili, t. tabiZe, g. tabiZe, k. gamsaxurdia~; `ordenosani poeti p. iaSvili waikiTxavs axal leqsebs~, `g. tabiZe mikrofonTan~ da a.S. ra Tqma unda, mikrofonTan wasakiTxi masala winaswar iyo SerCeuli da maTSi Warbobda axali cxovrebis amsaxveli Temebi, samoqalaqo lirika da socializmis idealizacia. amitom yovelgvar gadaxras `socialisturi realizmisagan~ radio kritikuli gadacemebiT xvdeboda. eTeri xSirad eTmoboda literaturul disputebs. magaliTad, gadaica disputebi k. lorTqifaniZis, d. Sengelaias, al. quTaTelisa da s. Ciqovanis Semoqmedebis irgvliv. aseve radios mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia im periodSi organizebuli polemika `formalizmis~ Sesaxeb. 53 radioSi pirvelad gaisma kritikuli sityvebi k. gamsaxurdias misamarTiT gadacemaSi `mTvaris motacebis Sesaxeb~, romelic mimarTuli iyo e.w. `literaturSCinis~ winaaRmdeg. gadaica `n. miwiSvilis Semoqmedebis saRamo. kritikuli ganxilva da mwerlis Semoqmedebis nimuSebi~. 1937 wels rusTavelis 750 wlisTavis iubilesTan dakavSirebiT radios literaturul-dramatulma seqtorma udidesi saqme gaakeTa `vefxistyaosnis~ popularizaciisaTvis da saTave daudo eTerSi poemis mxatvrul kiTxvas. `marTalia, saqarTveloSi ar moipoveba adamiani, romlisTvisac ucxo iyos SoTa rusTavelis saxeli, magram unda iTqvas, rom mravladaa iseTebic, visac wakiTxuli ara aqvs `vefxistyaosani~... teqstis Seswavla Cvengan moiTxovs swor Sesatyviss, intonacias, melodikas, ritmis povnas. mxatvrulma metyvelebam sicocxle unda SesZinos SoTas striqonebs. unda iTqvas, rom poemas jer kidev ar hyavs namdvili saestrado wamkiTxveli~,1 — aRiniSneboda presaSi. male gamoCndnen `vefxistyaosnis~ saukeTeso wamkiTxvelebi: v. anjafariZe, a. vasaZe, a. xorava, u. CxeiZe, T. wulukiZe, a. imedaSvili da sxvebi. 30-ian wlebSi swrafad ganviTarda mxatvruli kiTxvis xelovneba. bevri kargi sityvis ostati warmoaCina radiom, damkvidrda rubrika `msaxiobi mikrofonTan~, romelmac msaxiobTa metyvelebis kulturis amaRlebasac mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli. radio did adgils uTmobda rusul klasikur mwerlobasa da dasavleT evropis revoluciur literaturas. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba ki mimarTuli iyo ssrk-Si Semavali respublikebis literaturuli cxovrebis popularizaciaze. maTi propaganda, socialisturi amocanebidan gamomdinare, masebis esTetikur, kulturul da internacionalur aRzrdas emsaxureboda. swored am motiviT radiom farTomasStabiani gadacema miuZRvna mweral nikoloz ostrovskis. es iyo erTgvari politikuri dakveTac. 1935 wlis Semodgomaze saq. radiokomitetis komkavSiruli organizacia farTod gamoexmaura sak. alkk cekas dadgenilebas n. ostrovskis nawarmoebis `rogor iwrToboda foladis~ Seswavlis Sesaxeb da moawyo nawarmoebis 1 54 vefxistyaosani radioTi, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Tebervali. mxatvruli kiTxva. mogvianebiT ki, roca mwerali leninis ordeniT daajildoes, saqarTvelos radiom mas specialuri gadacema miuZRvna da amis Sesaxeb Tavad mweralsac depeSiT acnoba soWSi, sadac igi isvenebda. sainteresoa n. ostrovskis meuRlis, raia ostrovskaias mogonebac am ambavTan dakavSirebiT: `roca Cveni qveynis gazeTebma gamoaqveynes cnoba n. ostrovskis leninis ordeniT dajildoebis Sesaxeb, erT dRes werili miviReT saqarTvelodan, gvwerdnen amxanagebi saq. radiokomitetidan. isini nikolozs sTxovdnen daesaxelebina sayvareli musikaluri nawarmoebi. am gamoxmaurebam Zalian aaRelva ostrovski. man Seasrula Txovna da gavgzavneT werili TbilisSi. 1 Tvis Semdeg mas gadasces leninis ordeni. esec soWSi moxda da swored am dReebSi saq. radiom gadasca radiokoncerti n. ostrovskis TxovniT, yvelani koleqtiurad vismendiT mas nikolozis oTaxSi~.1 radiosaRamo Semdegnairad gaJRerda eTerSi: `dasawyisSi radiokomitetis da komkavSirel SemoqmedebiT muSakTa saxeliT mwerals miesalma amx. vano javaxiSvili. radiokomitetis reJisorma pier kobaxiZem qarTulad waikiTxa nawyveti romanidan `rogor iwrToboda foladi~, xolo axalgazrda komkavSirelma poetma konstantine WanturiSvilma waikiTxa sakuTari leqsi. dombistTa ansamblma daukra mwerlis sayvareli `budionelTa marSi~, aseve gadaica sxva musikaluri nawarmoebebi~.2 1964 wels es gadacema radioJurnalistebma aRadgines pirvandeli saxiT da gadasces mwerlis iubilesTan dakavSirebiT. amJamad igi radios audiofondSi inaxeba. mxatvruli mauwyeblobis struqturaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava Teatralur gadacemebs. amas imanac Seuwyo xeli, rom jer kidev 1926 wels konservatoria, operisa da dramis Teatrebi, sakoncerto darbazebi satranslacio xazebiT radiostudiasTan SeaerTes, ramac SesaZlebeli gaxada pirdapiri translaciebis organizeba. 30-ian wlebSi TiTqmis yvela Teatraluri Tu saopero speqtaklis translacia gadaica ra1 p. SamaTava, radio, mwerali, musika, gaz. `Tbilisi~, 1977, 6.05. ordenosani mwerlis saRamo radioTi, `radiofronti~, 1935 w. 31 dekemberi. 2 55 dioTi. TandaTanobiT Teatralurma speqtaklebma radios studiebSic gadainacvla da ase warmoiSva rubrika `Teatri mikrofonTan~. amgvari speqtaklebi garkveul adaptacias ganicdida — emyareboda radios gamosaxviTi SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebas. magaliTad, speqtakls uZRveboda wamyvani, romlis funqciasac diqtori asrulebda. igi msmenels acnobda moqmedebis garemos, gmirebis Cacmulobas da a.S. rac wminda sanaxaobiTi xasiaTisa iyo da Teatraluri dialogebiT ver gadmoicemoda. rogorc Rvawlmosili diqtori q. landia mogonebebSi werda: `speqtaklebis nawyvetebisa da zogjer mTeli warmodgenis gaTamaSeba studiaSive xdeboda. maxsovs, k. marjaniSvilisadmi miZRvnili gadacemis Semdeg msaxiobebma warmoadgines `uriel akosta~ da miuxedavad imisa, rom radiospeqtakli ugrimod da ukostiumebod midioda, dekoraciebis gareSe, vfiqrob, rom aseTi mSvenieri, amaRlebuli da STagonebuli speqtakli bevri ar yofila arc manamde da arc mas Semdeg~.1 daiwyo radioTeatris pirveli formebis Camoyalibeba — cnobil mxatvrul nawarmoebTa radiodadgmebi, romlebsac `montaJs~ anda `radiopiesas~ uwodebdnen da Teatraluri da, saopero speqtaklebis msgavsad, radiostudiidan pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi. didi rezonansi gamoiwvia ukraineli mwerlis a. korneiCukis piesis `eskadris daRupvis~ radiodadgmam, romelic revoluciur Tematikas asaxavda da ufro ideologiuri datvirTva hqonda, vidre esTetikuri. piesa sakavSiro jildoTi aRiniSna da ssrk-is did qalaqebSi warmatebiT idgmeboda. 1935 wels amis gamoc Seitana saqarTvelos radiom igi Tavis repertuarSi. masze muSaobis procesze Tavad redaqciis TanamSromlebi ase gviamboben: `piesa ise SevamokleT, rom 50-55 wuTSi Cateuliyo, ise damRleli iqneboda. didi mniSvneloba mivaniWeT musikalur gaformebas. kargi iqneboda specialuri musikis SekveTa, magram amisaTvis saxsrebi ar gagvaCnda. miuxedavad amisa, kompozitorma Salva TaqTaqiSvilma SesaniSnavad gadawyvita musikaluri gaformebis amocana Tanamedrove sabWoTa musikisa da klasikuri musikis nimuSebis 1 56 q. landia, marTali sityva, gaz. `axalgazrda komunisti~, 1977, 12.02. gamoyenebiT, aseve mezRvaurTa simReriT. mowveulebi iyvnen griboedovis Teatris msaxiobebi~.1 radiodadgma `eskadris daRupva~ gadaicemoda qarTul da rusul enebze. mas kvaldakval mohyva sxva radiodadgmebic — Seqspiris `otelo~, `makbeti~, `Wirveulis morjuleba~, sofokles `oidipos mefe~ da sxvebi. literaturul-dramatuli redaqcia xSirad Tavad msaxiobebsac ki ukveTavda piesebis montaJebis momzadebas da isini avtorebic iyvnen da monawileebic. mag., saq. radiokomitetis dakveTiT respublikis saxalxo artistma al. imedaSvilma moamzada Seqspiris `hamletis~ montaJi radiosTvis. `hamleti~ Seasrula uSangi CxeiZem. aseve monawileobdnen al. imedaSvili, v. anjafariZe, p. kobaxiZe. 1936 wlis 17 marts gazeTi `komunisti~ ityobineboda, rom mimdinareobs monumenturi dadgmis `stalinisa da xaSimis~ samzadisi, `sadac gadmocemuli iqneba afxazi glexis xaSimi smirbasa da stalinis Sexvedris ambavi. teqstis dawera daevala paolo iaSvilsa da konstantine lorTqifaniZes. daarsebulia `stalinisa da xaSimis~ specialuri redaqcia da igi gadaicema TbilisSi da moskovSic~. xolo `radiofrontis~ 1935 wlis 7 noembris nomerSi dabeWdilia Tavad p. iaSvilisa da k. lorTqifaniZis erTgvari `literaturuli angariSi~, sadac isini aRniSnaven: `saqarTvelos radiokomitetis davalebiT Cven SevudeqiT radiopoemis weras, sadac asaxuli iqneba epizodebi amxanag stalinis cxovrebidan, umTavresad 1901-1903 wlamde. poemis masalad aviReT amxanag lavrenti berias cnobili moxseneba `amierkavkasiis bolSevikuri organizaciebis istoriis sakiTxisaTvis~ da amx. n. lakobas redaqciiT gamosuli wigni `stalini da xaSimi~, sadac SesaniSnavad aris mocemuli im xanebSi amxanag stalinis muSaoba amierkavkasiaSi, kerZod, baTumSi. am wignSi mocemulia stalinisa da xaSimis urTierTobis ambavi da Zveli bolSevikebisa da muSebis mogonebani~. magram, rogorc irkveva, es gadacema aRar ganxorcielebula, xolo erTi wlis Semdeg misma erT-erTma avtorma Tavi moikla. mxatvruli da, saerTod, mTeli radiomauwyeblobis um1 n. Sestovi, `eskadris daRupva~ mikrofonTan, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Tebervali. 57 niSvnelovanes nawils Seadgenda musikaluri gadacemebi, romlis mTavari daniSnuleba radios daarsebis dRidanve msmenelis esTetikuri aRzrda da kulturuli dasvenebisTvis xelis Sewyoba iyo. `TiToeuli radiomuSakis sadReiso amocanaa: staxanovuri mondomebiT ibrZolos imisTvis, rom ordenosan saqarTveloSi yvela mSromelis ojaxSi radio laparakobdes da mRerodes adamianis gasagebi xmiT~.1 am mizniT radiokomitetis xelmZRvaneloba cdilobda TanamSromlebad cnobili musikos-Semsruleblebis, diriJorebisa da kompozitorebis mozidvas. am droisaTvis radiokomitets hyavda sakuTari musikaluri koleqtivebi. rogorc 1935 wlis 31 oqtombris `radioprogramebi~ (radiomsmenelTa damxmare) ityobineboda: `saqarTvelos radiokomitetma Camoayaliba didi simfoniuri orkestri, romelic imuSavebs Semodgoma-zamTris sezonSi. orkestri Sedgeba 45 kacisgan. diriJorad mowveulni arian evgeni miqelaZe da Salva TaqTaqiSvili~. evgeni miqelaZe ramdenime TveSi samsaxuridan gaaTavisufles. 1936 wlidan mxatvruli ganyofilebisa da simfoniuri orkestris xelmZRvaneloba daekisra a. gvelesians. xolo meore diriJorad mowveul iqna Salva azmaifaraSvili. 1935 wlis 1 ivnisidan `sakolmeurneo, wiTelarmielTa da axalgazrdobis musikalur gadacemaTa redaqciis~ redaqtorad muSaobda andria balanCivaZe, romelmac male datova samsaxuri da misi adgili daikava revaz gabiCvaZem. 1936 wels Zireuli seqtoris musikaluri gadacemebis ufrosi konsultantinstruqtori iyo kote focxveraSvili. 1935 wlidan radiokomitetSi muSaobda momReralTa gundi, romelic `Sedgeboda 23 saukeTeso tfiliseli momRerlisagan. maT umravlesobas damTavrebuli aqvs tfilisis konservatoria. lotbarad mowveulia kompozitori Salva TaqTaqiSvili~.2 aseve radiokomitetSi arsebobda aRmosavluri trio (xelmZR. karapetiani), vokaluri kvarteti (xelmZR. m. kokeliZe), meCongure qalTa ansambli (xelmZR. a. megreliZe), romle1 2 58 samusiko kultura radioTi, `radiofronti~, 1936, # 1. am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1978, aR. 2, saq. 4, gv. 95. bic gasvliT koncertebs marTavdnen saqarTvelos raionebSi, kolmeurneobebsa da sawarmo-dawesebulebebSi. musikaluri redaqciis saqmianoba imTaviTve mWidrod daukavSirda radiokomitetis TiTqmis yvela redaqciis muSaobas. literaturuli radiokompoziciebis, radiodadgmebis, sabavSvo gadacemebis momzadebis dros musikalur gaformebas pirvelxarisxovani roli eniWeboda. redaqciebs sakuTari `muzredaqtorebi~ hyavdaT. magaliTad, 1934 wels sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis musikalur redaqtorad muSaobda aleqsandre bukia, lit-dramatul redaqciaSi ki SeTavsebiT — Salva TaqTaqiSvili. musikalur gadacemebs diferencirebuli xasiaTi hqonda, eTerSi sistematurad gadaicemoda operisa da simfoniuri musikis translaciebi, sabWoTa kompozitorebis nawarmoebebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda xalxuri musikis propagandas. 1935 wlis 29 seqtembris saq. saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemis komitetis Tavmjdomaris brZanebiT, radios saSualebiT xalxuri musikis Rrma Seswavlisa da msmenelTa masaSi misi farTo popularizaciis mizniT, musikalur redaqciasTan Seiqmna folkloris seqcia, romlis xelmZRvanelobac daevala g. CxikvaZes. amierkavkasiis xalxTa olimpiadis dReebSi radiom didi muSaoba gaswia xalxuri musikis popularizaciisaTvis. gadaica saubrebi qarTuli musikaluri Tu literaturuli folkloris Sesaxeb: `lenini da oqtomberi qarTul xalxur SemoqmedebaSi~, `sabavSvo folklori~, `sakolmeurneo simRerebi~, `fabrikebisa da qarxnebis simRerebi~, `socialuri protestis simRerebi da zRaprebi~, `dedakacis xvedri sabWoTa folklorSi~, `Sroma xalxur SemoqmedebaSi~ da sxv. farTod gaSuqda 1936 wlis 22 marts TbilisSi gamarTuli pirveli radiofestivali `saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan SerCeuli saukeTeso SemsruleblebiT, simRerebiTa da xalxuri Semoqmedebis nimuSebiT~. 30-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan gaumjobesda mauwyebloba bavSvebisaTvis, dasrulda sabavSvo gadacemaTa programebis diferenciaciis procesi Tematikisa da asakis mixedviT, gamoikveTa gadacemebis didaqtikuri xasiaTi, SemuSavda rubrika59 ciis sistema da a.S. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 30-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi sabolood Camoyalibda sabavSvo mauwyebloba da Tavisi miznobrivi stabiluri auditoriac SeiZina. 1932-1933 wlebSi sabavSvo mauwyeblobas xelmZRvanelobda a. gvelesiani, 1934 wlidan — vaxtang ZamaSvili, 1937 wlidan sabavSvo seqtoris gamge iyo alio adamia, litredaqtori — elizbar polumordvinovi. sainteresoa amonaweri erTi brZanebidan, romelic 1934 wliT TariRdeba: `sabavSvo gadacemaTa seqtorTan arsebuli literaturuli wris xelmZRvanelad da bavSvTaTvis Semoqmedebis konsultantad dainiSnos amx. leo qiaCeli ori kviris sagamocdo vadiT~.1 Tumca mas Semdeg leo qiaCeli radios TanamSromlad aRar Cans, mxolod mwerlis statusiT stumrobs mas. 1935 wlidan gadacemebi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo ZiriTadad oTxi asakis bavSvebisaTvis: skolamdeli (6-7 wlis), oqtombrelTaTvis (1-3 klasi), saSualo asakisaTvis (4-6 klasi), ufrosi asakisaTvis (8-10 klasi). rusul enaze gadacemebi mzaddeboda oqtombrelTaTvis, saSualo da ufrosi asakis bavSvebisaTvis. azerbaijanul da somxur enebze TveSi samjer radio saSualo asakis bavSvebisTvis iuwyeboda. sabavSvo Tematika sami ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT xorcieldeboda: mxatvrul-literaturuli, romelsac gadacemebis 50% ekava, saswavlo — 25% da sazogadoebriv-politikuri — aseve 25%. 1934 wlis aprilis dadgenilebam radios mxatvruli formebis ganviTarebaze sabavSvo mxatvrul gadacemebzec iqonia gavlena. gaumjobesda maTi xarisxi, mravalferovani gaxda mxatvruli formebi. literaturul gadacemebSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo qarTveli, sabWoTa da dasavleT evropis mwerlebis sabavSvo nawarmoebTa garCeva-gacnoba. SemoiRes gadacemaTa cikli `wignis Taro~, sadac gaerTianebuli iyo klasikuri literaturis nimuSebi, magaliTad, servantesis `don-kixoti~, viqtor hiugos `sabraloni~, raspes `baron miunhauzenis Tavgadasavali~ da sxvebi. bevri sabavSvo rusuli nawarmoebi komitetis sabavSvo seqtoris TanamSromlebis mi1 60 am/kavkasiis radiokomiteti, f. 1979, aR. 2, saq. 1, gv. 3. er iTargmneboda qarTul enaze. magaliTad, s. marSakis `xanZari~, `suleli wruwuna~, `patara budionelebi~, a. Cukovskis `arev-dareva~ da gadaicemoda eTerSi. SemecnebiTi daniSnuleba hqonda ciklebs: `gamoCenili adamianebis cxovreba~, `gamoCenili mwerlebis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba~, `kompozitoris portreti~ (mag., `mocartis portreti~, `d. arayiSvilis portreti~ da a.S.). aseve, mozardebis Tvalsawieris gafarToebas xels uwyobda radiokompoziciebi SemecnebiT Temebze: `jordano bruno~, `gaseirneba piramidebisken~, `26 komisari~ da sxva. am periodSi sakavSiro radios sabavSvo redaqcias oTxi radioJurnali gaaCnda, saqarTvelos radios ki sami — `norCi naturalisti~ da `oqtombrelTaTvis~ qarTulad da `norCi snaiperi~ somxur enaze. yovel meore dRes gadaicemoda pioneruli informaciebi, rac safuZvlad daedo SemdgomSi `pionerTa dafions~ da moswavleebs acnobda respublikis pioneruli organizaciebis saqmianobas (TviTon `pionerTa dafioni~ rusuli `pionerskaia zorkas~ analogiiT Seiqmna). saswavlo gadacemebi pirvel rigSi aerTianebda istoriis, geografiisa da sxva specialur mecnierebaTa Tematikas, aseve, didi adgili eTmoboda sabWoTa mecnierebisa da teqnikis miRwevebs. bavSvebisaTvis gadaicemoda sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTis gadacemebic, umetesad msaxiobTa kiTxviT da musikis TanxlebiT, rom mosasmenad ufro saintereso da radiogenuri yofiliyo. gadaicemoda xuTwuTiani politinformaciebi, translaciebi `damkvreli~ pionerebis binebidan, Zveli bolSevikebis mogonebebi, saubrebi socializmis mSeneblobebze, aseve leqciebi ikiTxeboda iseT Temebze, rogoricaa: `bavSvTa mdgomareoba carizmis dros~, `komkavSiris zrunva sabWoTa bavSvebze~, `sabWouri skolis cxovreba~, `mozardTa mdgomareoba kapitalistur qveynebSi~ da a.S. sabavSvo mauwyebloba xSirad iyenebda `aqtualuri gadacemebis~ ciklsac. aseTi gadacemebi moewyo Tbilisis bavSvTa kulturisa da dasvenebis parkidan, qviSxeTis banakidan da sxv. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis Tvali gadavavloT 1935 wlis maisis pirveli kviris programas, romelic nawilobriv mainc gvacnobs sabavSvo redaqciis muSaobis specifikas da mis Janrob61 riv mravalferovnebazec miuTiTebs: `oqtombrelTaTvis — `sapirvelmaiso zRaprebi~, `araCveulebrivi orkestri~ — radiopiesa germaneli pionerebis aralegaluri muSaobidan, `damkvreli pionerebi mikrofonTan~, `pionerebisa da moswavleebis TviTmoqmedeba~, `norCi musikosebi da poetebi mikrofonTan~. skolis asakamde bavSvebisaTvis `rogor TamaSoben cxovelebi~. `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, S. TaqTaqiSvilis sabavSvo operis `ganTiadis~ montaJi da sxv. rogorc sabavSvo `radioprogramebSi~ moTavsebuli norC mkiTxvelTa baraTebidan Cans, patara msmenelebi siamovnebiT usxdnen radioreproduqtorebs da mouTmenlad elodnen gadacemebis dawyebas. 30-iani wlebis meore naxevari saqarTveloSi da, saerTod, mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi, gamoirCeoda didi politikuri movlenebiTa da mwvave, daZabuli situaciebiT. sakmarisia gavixsenoT 1937 wlis masobrivi represiebi, `xalxis mtrebis~ totaluri `gamoaSkaraveba~ da devna. miuxedavad imisa, rom sabWoTa radios ZiriTad funqcias `miRwevaTa~ propaganda warmoadgenda, aman, cxadia, mainc imoqmeda mis saqmianobaze. es gansakuTrebiT mxatvrul mauwyeblobas daetyo. rogorc cxaddeboda, `brZola maRali xarisxisaTvis niSnavs brZolas politikuri xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis, gadacemaTa gegmianobisaTvis. yvelaze mTavari yuradReba unda mivaqcioT ideologias~.1 1935 wlis 19 dekembers sakavSiro radioTi gadaica mweral k. mixailovis, `pirwavardnili kontrevolucioneris~ gamosvla, romelic amxila sak. kp(b) ck organom `pravdam~ sarecenzio werilSi `mteri mikrofonTan~. `es signali saxelmZRvanelo unda gaxdes CvenTvis. am saqmeSi unda CavabaT yoveli radiomuSaki. gadacemis politikuri siwminde, bolSevikuri sifxizle unda davicvaT. saWiroa yoveli sityvis jerovnad Semowmeba da awon-dawonva. ai, ras moviTxovT radiomuSakebisagan~,2 — mkacrad iyo miTiTebuli presaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, 1 bolSevikuri sifxizle mikrofonTan, `radiogazeTi~, 1935 w. 15 Tebervali. 2 iqve. 62 radiokomitetis xelmZRvanelobam saswrafod gaatara ramdenime RonisZieba. saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemis komitetis Tavmjdomaris 1935 wlis 3 martis brZanebiT Seiqmna komisia `komitetis biblioTekaSi arsebuli wignebis ideologiurad gasasinjad da Sesamowmeblad~, xolo 1937 wlis 22 oqtombris brZanebaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom `literaturuli gadacemebisaTvis gamoyenebuli unda iyos mxolod dabeWdili leqsebi, saWiro SemTxvevaSi, rogorc gamonaklisi, dasaSvebia literaturuldramatuli da sabavSvo gadacemebis seqtorebma specialurad daukveTon avtorebs aqtualur politikur Temebze originaluri leqsebi~. gatarda sxva msgavsi RonisZiebebic. 1937 wlis gazafxulidan radioSi aRar ismoda t. tabiZis, p. iaSvilis, m. javaxiSvilis da sxvaTa xmebi. mravali wlis manZilze maTi nawarmoebebi gaqra eTeridan, ramac Tavisi daRi daasva omisSemdgom mxatvrul radiomauwyeblobas. represiebs Seewira radios bevri TanamSromeli, maT Soris kale (kalistrate) feodosiSvilic, romelic 1932 wlidan muSaobda radiokomitetSi da cnobili iyo, rogorc proletari mwerali. mas ekuTvnis uzneobiT saxelganTqmuli striqonebi `me mamas movklav, davaxrCob dedas, revoluciam Tu ki mibrZana!~. paradoqsia magram `kale feodosiSvili, rogorc xalxis mteri, gaanadgura im revoluciam da partiam, romlisTvisac dedas axrCobda da mamas klavda~.1 meore msoflio omis mijnaze kidev ufro gaZlierda kontroli masobrivi informaciis saSualebebze da gansakuTrebiT radiomauwyeblobaze. mas zedamxedvelobda saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis agitacia-propagandis ganyofileba, romlis nebarTvis gareSe arc erTi radiomasala ar gadaicemoda eTerSi. radio gadaiqca sabWouri cxovrebis diTirambebisa da xotba-didebis organod, romelic gulmodgined Cqmalavda arsebul tragikul sinamdviles da cdilobda adamianTa cnobiereba gaejerebina `idealuri~ socialisturi samSoblosadmi erTgulebis iluziebiT. `saucxoo mxiarul qveyanas warmoadgens Cvens qveyanaSi 1 a. baqraZe, mwerlobis moTviniereba, Tb., 1990, gv. 56. 63 Seqmnili axali sazogadoeba, sadac ar aris eqspluatacia, ar aris eqspluatirebuli klasebi da sadac qreba klasTa Soris gansxvaveba. yovelive amas aRtacebaSi mohyavs mTeli qveynis patiosani adamianebi. ssrk-Si mSromelebisTvis namdvili bedniereba da mxiaruli cxovrebaa; xolo saxelmwifos, sadac Cven vcxovrobT, SeiZleba sruli uflebiT vuwodoT mzis saxelmwifo~.1 aseTi suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli yvela is masala, romelic represiebis dros gadaicemoda eTerSi da samwuxarod, aseTi propaganda xSirad mizansac aRwevda. dasasrul, ramdenime sityva unda iTqvas omiswina periodSi saqarTvelos radios materialur-teqnikur mdgomareobazec. rogorc cnobilia, 1936 wlidan igi ganTavsebuli iyo rusTavelis prospeqtze, kavSirgabmulobis saxlis SenobaSi da oTx specializebul studias moicavda. pirveli studia moculobiT 690 kv. metrs Seadgenda da gankuTvnili iyo ZiriTadad iseTi musikaluri gadacemebisaTvis, romelSic 50-60mde Semsrulebeli monawileobda. mas did simfoniur studiasac uwodebdnen. me-2 studias (300 kv.m) eZaxdnen mcire simfoniur anu vokalur studias, saidanac warmoebda umetesad xalxuri simRerebisa da mcire ansamblebis gadacemebi. me-3 studia (87 kv.m) sityvieri masalis — leqciebis, saubrebisa da `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gadasacemad iyo gankuTvnili. me-4 studia (100 kv.m) meqanikur gadacemebs eTmoboda. garda gramCanawerebisa, tonfilmebisa da Sorinogramebis gadacemebisa, mas iyenebdnen literaturul-musikaluri montaJebis gadasacemad. yvela studia aRWurvili iyo im droisTvis maRalxarisxovani zonriani da kondesatoruli mikrofonebiT. radioSi arsebobda tonfilmis mdidari fondi — operebis, simfoniebis da mxatvruli literaturuli Canawerebis saxiT. aseve meqanikuri gadacemebis popularuli forma iyo gramCanawerebi. saqarTvelos radios `gramparki~ gamoirCeoda metad mdidari da mravalferovani rogorc sabWoTa, ise `importuli firfitebiT~. gadacemis mesame teqnikuri forma iyo Sorinograma — xmis meqanikuri Canaweri, romelic sityvieri masalis gadasacemad gamoiyeneboda. saqradiokomitetis gankar1 64 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 16. gv. 8 gulebaSi iyo agreTve e.w. satranslacio punqtebi: z. faliaSvilis saxelobis operisa da baletis Teatri, saxelmwifo konservatoria, Teatrebi, estrada, klubebi da a.S. aseve saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi mauwyeblobas SeeZlo esargebla saqalaqTaSoriso da Tbilisis avtomaturi satelefono qseliT. zemoCamoTvlil samauwyeblo obieqtebs aerTianebda radiosamauwyeblo kvanZi, sadac xdeboda yvela saxis komutacia rv-7 radiosadguris xazze.1 unda aRvniSnoT isic, rom 30-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelo ukve mTlianad aris radioficirebuli. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sadenebiani radiomauwyebloba, romelic daculia gareSe xelisSemSleli pirobebisagan da satranslacio xazebiT miewodeba masobriv auditorias. mauwyeblobis es teqnikuri forma aseTi masStabiT sabWoTa kavSiris garda ar gamoiyeneboda msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi da ganpirobebuli iyo komunisturi xelmZRvanelobis ideologiuri da politikuri mosazrebebiT: SeeqmnaT centralizebuli operatiuli informaciisa da propagandis saimedo saSualeba, romlis mosmena SesaZlebeli iqneboda iafi mimRebi mowyobilobis — reproduqtoris meSveobiT (mosaxleobis masobrivi siRatakis gaTvaliswinebiT), ar daeSvaT alternatiuli radioinformaciis gavrceleba (gansakuTrebiT ucxoeTidan) da hqonodaT misi gamoyenebis saSualeba eqstremalur situaciebSi da samoqalaqo Tavdacvis miznebisaTvis, rac masStaburad ganxorcielda kidec meore msoflio omis dros. 1 k. kontrikaZe, radiomauwyeblobis baza saqarTveloSi, Jurn. `teqnika~, 1941, # 2, gv. 35. 65 Tavi II saqarTvelos radio meore msoflio omisa da omisSemdgom wlebSi (1941-1956) meore msoflio omis mimdinareobas dawyebis dRidanve farTod aSuqebda saqarTvelos radio, magram 1941 wlis meore naxevridan man ZiriTadi adgili daikava yoveldRiur programaSi. 1941 wlis 22 ivniss, 12 saaTze sakavSiro radiom gadmosca sabWoTa mTavrobis gancxadeba ssrk-ze faSisturi germaniis Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb da gamoacxada sayovelTao mobilizacia. omis dawyebam nawilobriv gantvirTa qveyanaSi represiebiT gamowveuli daZabuloba da axali amocanebis winaSe daayena saqarTvelos radiokomiteti. moxda garkveuli sakadro cvlilebebic — 1941 wlis ivnisidan komitetis Tavmjdomare Salva cagareiSvili Secvala ioseb ruxaZem. 1941 wlis 26 dekembris saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis biuros dadgenilebaSi `radiomauwyeblobis muSaobis Sesaxeb~ konkretuladaa miTiTebuli, rom saqarTvelos radiokomitetma saswrafod gardaqmnas muSaoba axali pirobebis Sesabamisad da mTavari yuradReba dauTmos samxedro Tematikas, gaafarToos gadacemebis koleqtiuri mosmenebi, `romelic propagandisa da radios organizaciuli muSaobis ZiriTadi formaa~ da izrunos respublikis rig raionebSi teqnikuri saSualebebis gaumjobesebisa da specialistebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebisaTvis. am miTiTebis umokles vadaSi Sesruleba radios axal xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad daevala sabWoTa kavSiris kavSirgabmulobis saministros rwmunebuls saqarTveloSi i. moniavas da, aseve, yvela raionis, qalaqisa Tu olqis partiul organoebs, romlebic kurirebdnen adgilebze radios muSaobas. eTerSi naTqvami yoveli sityva kontrols eqvemdebareboda da amaze mravali samTavrobo Tu partiuli dokumentic metyvelebs. magaliTad, 1942 wlis 16 ivniss saqar66 Tvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis biuros dadgenilebaSi `frontisaTvis radiogadacemebis organizaciis Sesaxeb~ xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli, rom `radio partiis ideologiuri brZolis basri iaraRia~ da iqvea miwerili frontisaTvis gankuTvnili radiogadacemebis zusti gegma da monawileebi (saq. saxkomsabWos Tavmjdomaris v. baqraZis, akademikosebis i. beritaSvilisa da s. janaSias, poet s. Ciqovanis, saqarTvelos saxalxo artistis a. xoravas, aseve muSaTa klasis, glexobisa da armiis mowinave warmomadgenlebis gamosvlebi mikrofonTan da a.S.). upirveles yovlisa, cvlilebebi daigegma informaciul mauwyeblobaSi, romelic frontze da zurgSi mimdinare movlenebis operatiuli sainformacio wyaro unda gamxdariyo. Tumca, Tavdapirvelad mainc ver moxerxda saTanado muSaobis gaSla, rac gamowveuli iyo kvalificiuri SemoqmedebiTi kadrebis naklebobiTa da originaluri masalebis simciriT. amasTan, oficialuri cnobebis, saerTaSoriso informaciebisa da sxva masalaTa miRebis mxriv saqarTvelos radiokomiteti mTlianad damokidebuli iyo saqdesze, romelic aRniSnul masalebs didi dagvianebiT iZleoda da maTi myisve gadacema ver xerxdeboda. uaryofiTi roli Seasrula agreTve radiokomitetis koleqtivSi Catarebulma represiebmac. rogorc im wlebis saangariSo moxsenebaSia aRniSnuli: `gardatexa radiokomitetis muSaobaSi 1942 wlis gazafxulidan daiwyo, roca centraluri aparati ganwmendil iqna mtruli elementebisagan da igi Seivso axali muSakebiT~.1 Seicvala axaldaniSnuli xelmZRvanelic — ioseb ruxaZe da mis nacvlad saqarTvelos radiokomitetis Tavmjdomared dainiSna cnobili kinoreJisori, xelovnebis damsaxurebuli moRvawe leo esakia, vis saxelTanacaa dakavSirebuli radiomauwyeblobaSi mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba: 1943 wlamde saqarTvelos radio muSaobas iwyebda dilis 7 saaTze moskovidan `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ translaciiT, mxolod 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze gadaicemoda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ pirveli gamoSveba qarTul enaze. 1943 wlis meore naxevridan mdgomareoba Seicvala 1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 59, gv. 34. 67 da yoveldRiuri mauwyebloba ukve dilis 6 saaTsa da 30 wuTze iwyeboda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ qarTuli gamoSvebiT da `saqarTvelos mSromelebs, vidre isini Seudgebian muSaobas, saSualeba eZlevaT pirvelad mSobliur enaze moisminon im dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani ambebi (sabWoTa sainformacio biuros cnoba, korespondenciebi samamulo omis frontidan, umaRlesi sabWoTa brZanebulebebi, ucxoeTis ambebi)~.1 am faqts erovnuli JReradobac hqonda da amave dros sagrZnoblad gaizarda radioauditoriac, romelic rusuli enis armcodne qalaqisa da soflis mosaxleobiT Seivso. sagulisxmo iyo meore RonisZiebac: radgan saqarTvelos radiokomiteti saqdesis masalebs droulad ver iRebda, amitom, swored omis dros damkvidrda sakavSiro radios operatiuli informaciebis Cawera Sorinofonze, `rasac dauyovnebliv Sifravs stenografisti, rusuli teqsti saswrafod iTargmneba da saTanado gasinjvis Semdeg gadaicema qarTul enaze. mTeli es procesi grZeldeba 15 wuTidan 30 wuTamde. es im dros, roca saqdesidan teqstis miRebis SemTxvevaSi unda gvecada 8-9 saaTi an kidev meti. yovelive amis Semdeg, umniSvnelovanesi saxelmwifoebrivi cnobebi, gankargulebani da sxva masalebi uaRresad mokle droSi qarTul enaze xdeba yvelasaTvis cnobili~.2 amave wesiT miewodeboda msmenelebs gazeT `pravdis~ mowinave statia da centraluri gazeTebis mimoxilvebi. aseve, Sorinifonze iwereboda da iTargmneboda sakavSiro radioTi gadacemuli xelmZRvaneli partiuli da sabWoTa muSakebis gamosvlebis teqstebic, romelTa nawili ar ibeWdeboda centralur presaSi. amiT saqarTvelos radiokomitetma didi daxmareba gauwia respublikis Jurnal-gazeTebis redaqciebsa da propagandis sxva organoebsac. moskovidan miRebuli masalebis nawils, romelsac igi ar iyenebda, respublikur presas awvdida, sadac qveyndeboda rubrikiT: `miRebulia saqarTvelos radiokomitetis saSualebiT~. omis dawyebis win radios materialur-teqnikur bazasac mieqca yuradReba da, 1940 wlis monacemebiT, igi moicavda: ga1 2 68 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 59, gv. 35. iqve. damcem radiosadgurs rv-7-s, oTx studias, saaparatos (gamaZlierebeli, Camweri, gamSvebi), mimReb punqtsa da teqnikuri kontrolis punqts. wina wlebTan SedarebiT mimRebi centri bevrad ukeTesad uzrunvelyofda translaciebs moskovidan. gafarTovda radiosatranslacio qselebi da aigo axali radiokvanZebi. respublikis masStabiT sul muSaobda 34 radiokvanZi. 1941 wlis 21 ianvars saqarTvelos radiokomitetis xelmZRvanelobis gadawyvetilebiT aikrZala adgilebze radioTi saerTaSoriso da samxedro mimoxilvebis, agreTve Teoriuli saubrebis gadacema, garda saqradiokomitetis mier gagzavnili masalebisa. adgilobrivi radiogadacemebis rwmunebulebs ki daevalaT `adgilobrivi gadacemebi aagon mxolod adgilobriv masalaze da moawyon im leqciebisa da moxsenebebis koleqtiuri mosmena, romelsac gadmoscems stalinis saxelobis radiosadguri rv-7~.1 amave wels sakavSiro radiokomitetis miTiTebiT gaerTianda propaganda-agitaciisa da `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciebi da mas politikuri mauwyeblobis redaqcia ewoda. aq Tavs iyrida yvela politikuri masala da mauwyeblobis saerTo xangrZlivoba Seadgenda dReSi 3 saaTsa da 45 wuTs. politmauwyeblobis redaqcia, garda ukanaskneli cnobebisa, moicavda: politsaubars (kviraSi orjer), soflis meurneobis gadacemebs (kviraSi xuTjer), `pravdis~ mowinave statiis Targmans, gadacemebs axalgazrdobisaTvis (kviraSi 4-jer). mauwyebloba mimdinareobda oTx — qarTul, rusul, somxur da azerbaijanul enebze.2 politmauwyeblobis gaerTianebuli redaqciis ganyofilebis gamgis movaleobis droebiT Semsruleblad dainiSna s. naTelaSvili, partistoriisa da ssrk xalxTa istoriis sakiTxebSi pasuxismgebel redaqtorad — k. mavzaraSvili, soflis meurneobis sakiTxebis redaqtorad — a. kekelia, ekonomikis — i. natroSvili, moxsenebebisa da gamosvlebis organizatorad ki — e. mebuke. `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ iyo saqarTvelos mosaxleobisaT1 2 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 59, gv. 35. iqve, saq. 42, gv. 72. 69 vis yvelaze operatiuli informaciis wyaro da gadaicemoda qarTul da rusul enebze dReSi 6-jer, xolo 1944 wlidan — 7-jer. garda informaciebisa omis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, gadaicemoda angariSebi da reportaJebi sxvadasxva sawarmoo-dawesebulebebsa da kolmeurneobebSi Catarebuli Sekrebebidan Tu mitingebidan, mSromelebis gamosvlebi mikrofonTan sabWoTa monapovaris dacvis mowodebebiT, aseve masalebi saxalxo meurneobis mdgomareobaze, wiTelarmielTa ojaxebis daxmarebaze da a.S. aRsaniSnavia, rom omis periodSi radio uamrav werils iRebda msmenelebisagan. maT Soris SekiTxvebs, gamoxmaurebebsa da madlobis baraTebs. 1943 wlis gazafxulze gadaica gazeT `pravdis~ mowinave statia fedukinskis skolis patriotul iniciativaze, romelic frontze wasulTa Svilebze zrunvaSi gamoixateboda. `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi meore dResve movida ramdenime baraTi da SekiTxva. maTze sapasuxod radiom mikrofonTan miiwvia saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saxalxo komisris moadgile m. burWulaZe, romelmac mouwoda respublikis mSromelebs gamoxmaurebodnen am iniciativas da darazmuliyvnen wiTelarmielTa ojaxebis dasaxmareblad. unda iTqvas, rom aseTi baraTebi xSirad Tavad redaqciis organizebuli iyo da qmnida iluzias, rom mSromelebi enTuziazmiT exmianebian `saerTo-saxalxo~ iniciativebs, Tumca, realuradac muSur-glexuri masa, am mxriv, marTlac, aqtiurobiT gamoirCeoda. omis pirveli dReebidanve ssrk-is yvela moqalaqes (im pirTa gamoklebiT, visac amis specialuri nebarTva hqonda) aekrZala saxlSi nebismieri radiomimRebis gamoyeneba, garda sadenebiani mauwyeblobis reproduqtorisa. yvelas Tavisi radiomimRebi saxelmwifosTvis unda Caebarebina Sesanaxad da am mizniT mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze organizebul iqna radioaparatebis giganturi sawyobebi (amoRebul iqna daaxloebiT 1,3 milioni radiomimRebi, romlebic patronebs mxolos 1945-1946 wlebSi daubrunes). vinc Tavis saSinao radioteqnikas ar Caabarebda, dauyovnebliv dapatimreba emuqreboda. mTeli am aqciis mizani iyo moespoT rigiTi moqalaqisaTvis sabWoTa radiosagan gansxvavebuli informaciis miRebis SesaZlebloba (sxvaTa Soris, aseTive wesi moqmedebda omis dros 70 faSistur germaniaSic). cxadia, rom informaciis gavrcelebis aseT pirobebSi sruli monopolia eZleoda sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobas, romelic Tavad cenzurasa da damsjeli organoebis kontrols eqvemdebareboda da SeeZlo faqtebis Tavis Sexedulebisamebr SerCeva da maTi tendenciuri komentireba. yvela faqti Tu movlena ganixileboda imis Sesabamisad, Tu ramdenad Seesabameboda igi generalur propagandistul amocanas, omisdroindel ZiriTad lozungebs: `Cveni saqme samarTliania! mteri ganadgurebuli iqneba! gamarjveba Cven dagvrCeba!~, `yvelaferi frontisaTvis, yvelaferi gamarjvebisaTvis!~ gamoricxuli iyo imis Tqma, rom germanelebi zogjer Cvenze ukeT ibrZvian, rom zogierTi maTi iaraRi Cvensas sjobs da a.S. rogorc cnobilia, frontis ambebs radios ZiriTadad awodebda omis wlebSi specialurad organizebuli `sovinformbiuro~ (misi cnobebi saomar moqmedebaTa Sesaxeb yoveldRiurad ramdenjerme gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radioTi), romelic, rogorc wesi, xSirad alamazebda maT, zogjer ki uxeSadac amaxinjebda (gansakuTrebiT omis pirvel TveebSi). omis dros radioprogramebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda propagandistuli gadacemebis ricxvi, romlis mizanic iyo meore msoflio omSi sabWoTa kavSiris uZlevelobis ideis, kompartiis avangarduli rolis, sabWoTa patriotizmisa da sabWoTa qveynis mtrebis mimarT siZulvilis farTo propaganda, qveynis xelmZRvanelobisa da mxedarTmTavris mier gatarebuli samxedro politikisadmi saerTo-saxalxo mxardaWeris gaZliereba. am mizniT, ZiriTadad gamoiyeneboda sakavSiro radiosa da centraluri Tu respublikuri Jurnal-gazeTebidan amokrefili masalebi. magaliTad, `sabWoTa xalxi icavs didi oqtombris revoluciis monapovars~, `sabWoTa zurgi Zlieria~, `stalinuri winaswarmetyvelebis Zala~, `Cveni gmiruli Zlevamosili armia~, `germaniis faSizmis ganadgureba gardauvalia~ da a.S. TandaTanobiT imata originalurma gadacemebmac, romelTa avtorebic iyvnen cnobili partiuli da sabWoTa muSakebi, politikuri da sazogado moRvaweebi, romelTa sityvas SeeZlo gavlena moexdina radiomsmenelTa auditoriaze, sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaze. radios yuradRebis gareSe arc inteligencia dautovebia da specialu71 ri rubrikiT `Cveni sabWoTa inteligencia~ mikrofonTan iwvevda sazogadoebisaTvis cnobil adamianebs, mecnierebisa da xelovnebis gamoCenil moRvaweebs: s. janaSias, n. kecxovels, al. TvalWreliZes, n. musxeliSvils, v. kupraZes, i. beritaSvilsa da sxvebs. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda saqarTvelos radio samxedro momzadebas, sahaero da qimiuri Tavdacvis sakiTxebs (`rogor gavanadguroT mtris tanki~, `rogor vebrZoloT mtris paraSutistebs~, `rogor CavaqroT cecxlgamCeni yumbara~, `rogor moviqceT gangaSis dros~ da sxva). 1943 wlidan, roca daZabuloba frontze Senelda da omis msvlelobaSi gardatexa moxda, radiom ufro farTo adgili dauTmo zurgis mSromelebs da saxalxo meurneobis sxvadasxva dargebis saqmianobis gaSuqebas. TiTqmis ar darCenila saqarTveloSi raioni Tu sofeli, romlis Sesaxebac informaciebi Tu sxva Janris masalebi ar gadacemuliyo eTerSi. mikrofonTan gamodiodnen soflis meurneobis specialistebi — agronomebi, ekonomistebi, zooveterinarebi. gaumjobesda satelefono komunikaciebi, ramac ufro gaaadvila raionebTan dakavSireba da mniSvnelovani cnobebis droulad miReba-gadacema. sistematurad Suqdeboda omis periodis finansur-politikuri kampania, mesame saxelmwifo samxedro sesxis realizaciis problemebi, warmoebis racionalizaciis, Sida resursebis mobilizaciis, ekonomiis reJimis, socialisturi Sejibrebis sakiTxebi ciklebSi: `sayovelTao socSejibrebis monawileTa tribuna~, `mowinave sawarmoebi mikrofonTan~, `sayovelTao yuradReba da daxmareba frontul ojaxebs~, `Cveni transporti da mrewveloba~. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo amierkavkasiis rkinigzas, romelmac omis dros didi muSaoba gaswia saxalxo meurneobisa da frontis momsaxurebisaTvis. yovel oTxSabaTs, rubrikiT `teqnikuri propaganda~ gadaicemoda leqcia-konsultaciebi da specialuri saubrebi rkinigzis muSakTaTvis. xSirad gadaicemoda reportaJebi (oqmebSi translaciebadaa moxsenebuli) mniSvnelovani samrewvelo Tu sasoflo-sameurneo obieqtebidan, magaliTad, quTaisidan Temaze `ordenosani saqarTvelos meore industriuli centri~, 72 goridan — `didi stalinis samSoblo~, avWalis Sampanuris qarxnidan — `mivceT maRalxarisxovani Sampanuri mSromelebs~, lilos dasaxlebidan — `Zveli da axali didi lilo~ da sxv. marTalia, meore msoflio omis dros radio operatiuli informirebis ZiriTadi wyaro iyo, magram Znelia imis Tqma, Tu ramdenad srulfasovan da obieqtur informacias awvdida igi msmenelebs, radgan radiogadacemaTa Sinaarsobriv mxares zedamxedvelobda da akontrolebda saq. kp(b) centraluri komitetis agitaciisa da propagandis ganyofileba. omis Suaxanebamde omisa da frontis movlenebis amsaxveli originaluri masalebi naklebad gadaicemoda, ZiriTadad sakavSiro radiokomitetisa da presidan amokrefil masalebs iyenebdnen. am danakliss erTgvarad avsebda istoriuli Tematika, romelic patriotuli suliskveTebis amaRlebisa da erovnuli grZnobebiT manipulirebis efeqturi saSualeba iyo. rubrikiT `Cveni gmiri winaprebi~ gadaicemoda saubrebi saqarTvelos Tavdadebul mamuliSvilebze, maTi cxovrebis gmirul epizodebze, magaliTad, `daviT aRmaSenebeli da brZola saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis~, `vaxtang gorgasali~, `Tamar mefe~, `giorgi saakaZe~, `erekle meore~ da sxv. mis paralelurad gamoCnda rubrika `ssrk-is gmiruli warsuli~, romelic, umTavresad, ruseTis istorias warmoaCenda da mxolod mcire doziT sxva respublikebis warsuls: magaliTad, `rusi xalxi pirvel samamulo omSi~, `borodinos brZola~, `minini da poJarski~, `partizanuli moZraobis roli 1812 w. samamulo omSi~ da a.S. omis dros gansakuTrebiT gaizarda saerTaSoriso Temebisadmi interesi. xSirad gadaicemoda politikuri pamfletebi — umetesad Targmnili masalebi. maT Soris didi popularobiT sargeblobda m. zoSCenkos, v. kataevis da gansakuTrebiT, i. erenburgis statiebi — `wyeuli berlini~, `gaseirneba friclandiaSi~, `amis Tavdebi Cveni xalxia~ da sxv. `bavSvebis mkvlelebs adgili ara aqvT dedamiwaze, yvelaferi unda gamoaSkaravdes da yvela damnaSave unda daisajos. Cven unda amovTxaroT yvela jalaTi da radgan Cven Zalian vafasebT adamianebs, gvsurs misi yvela mteri daisajos~ — avtoris paTetikuri da mamxilebeli toni, Seurigebeli, basri satira, adamianebis sabrZolo SemarTebasa da patriotul ganwyobas amaRleb73 da. i. erenburgis statiebs TiTqmis yovelTvis diqtori daviT Zigua kiTxulobda. misi xmis tembri da kiTxvis damajerebeli toni msmenelze did STabeWdilebas axdenda. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos Targmnili masalebis mZime ena, RvarWnili qarTuli da gaumarTavi winadadebebi. mikrofonTan jer ar Candnen qarTveli pamfletistebi da satirikosebi. ramdenjerme radiogadacemebSi gaielva germane SubiTiZis pamfletma saerTaSoriso Temaze, magram igi politikuri simaxviliTa da simZafriT ar gamoirCeoda. Tu statistikur monacemebs gadavxedavT, Tematurad gadacemebis raodenoba 1942 wlis saangariSo moxsenebebis mixedviT Semdegnairia: `samamulo omis frontis ambebi~ — 508 gadacema, `sabWoTa zurgi~ — 51 gadacema, mniSvnelovani TariRebis aRniSvna — 61 gadacema, `partizanuli brZola~ — 14 gadacema. avtorebis mixedviT: qarTveli avtorebi — 226 gadacema, rusi avtorebi — 282 gadacema, moZme respublikebis (rusulis gareSe) — 17 gadacema.1 rogorc am monacemebidan Cans, rusulenovani gadacemebis siWarbe TvalSi sacemia, rac gamowveuli iyo Cvens respublikaSi Tavad rusi da, saerTod, araqarTveli msmenelebis raodenobis zrdiTac. am dros saqarTveloSi imyofebodnen gamosajanmrTeleblad wiTeli armiis meomrebi da evakuirebuli mwerlebi da msaxiobebi. 1942 wlis meore naxevridan mniSvnelovnad gaizarda radioprogramebSi saqarTvelos radiokomitetis Jurnalistebis originaluri gadacemebis wili, rac frontTan maTi dakavSirebis Sedegi iyo. radios bevri korespondenti Tavad gaxda omis mxilveli, rasac didad Seuwyo xeli 1942 wlis sak. kp(b) centraluri komitetis propagandisa da agitaciis sammarTvelosa da wiTeli armiis mTavari politsammarTvelos mier miRebulma dadgenilebam `samxedro korespondentebis muSaobis Sesaxeb~. man saSualeba misca presisa da radiomauwyeblobis xelmZRvanelobas frontze gaegzavnaT sakuTari korespondentebi, romlebic Cairicxebodnen wiTeli armiis kadrebSi da masalebs miawvdidnen Sesabamis sainformacio saSualebebs. samxedro korespondentebs daevalaT eCvenebinaT `frontis 1 74 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 34, gv. 8. adamianebi, wiTeli armiis mebrZolebi da meTaurebi, romlebic kargad floben samxedro teqnikas da brZolis warmoebis taqtikas, maTi iniciativa, xerxianoba mterTan brZolaSi, maTi siZulvili germaneli faSistebisadmi, maTi simedgre, Tavganwirva da disciplina sardlobis brZanebis SesrulebaSi~.1 rubrikiT `mSobliuri kavkasiisaTvis brZola~ sistematurad iyo eTerSi radios specialuri korespondentebisa da armiaSi momuSave avtorebis masalebi, maT Soris, ufrosi leitenantebis n. kakuSaZis da g. gvritiSvilis, leitenant n. tyemalaZis da sxvaTa gadacemebi. kviraSi samjer gadaicemoda narkvevebi saxelovan qarTvel meomrebze, ssrk gmirebis safronto cxovrebis epizodebze. maT Soris iyvnen W. bendeliani, n. adamia, al. pirmisaSvili, m. gaxokiZe da sxvebi. axali rubrikiT `samamulo omSi qarTveli xalxis saxelovani Svilebi~ gadaica narkvevebi da saubrebi: `qarTvelis quCa kremenCugSi~, `qarTvelebi stalingradis damcvelebi~, `kapitani buxaiZe~, `qarTveli gvardielebi~, `Zmebi gulvardaSvilebi~ da sxva. amave dros ewyoboda samamulo omis monawile qarTveli meomrebis `cocxali gamosvlebi~ mikrofonTan. studiaSi moiwvies stalingradis dacvis monawile jariskacebi da oficrebi, general-maior nikoloz TavarTqilaZis gvardielebi, novorosiiskis, anapisa da tamanis naxevarkunZulisaTvis brZolis monawileebi. 1943 wlis bolos radioprogramebSi gamoCnda axali cikli `sayovelTao daxmareba ganTavisuflebul raionebs~, sadac mivlinebaSi gagzavnili radioJurnalistebi aSuqebdnen, Tu rogor exmarebian saqarTvelos mSromelebi germanelebisagan axalganTavisuflebul raionebs meurneobis aRdgenaSi. magaliTad, `Cven mivdivarT moZme sabWoTa ukrainaSi~, `Zmuri daxmarebis heqtarebi~, `riT vexmarebiT Crdilo kavkasiis da yubanis kolmeurneebs~ da sxv. omis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca mxatvrul mauwyeblobas, romlis saqmianoba mtkiced daukavSirda qveynis Tavdacvis amocanebs. gardaiqmna redaqciebis muSaoba da 1 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, 1956 w., gv. 674. 75 rogorc radiokomitetis imdroindel saangariSo moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli, `literaturul-dramatul gadacemebs aqvs agitpropagandistuli da mizanswrafuli xasiaTi maSinac ki, roca klasikosebs mivmarTavT. amaRlda gadacemis xarisxi, amaze isic metyvelebs, rom mTeli wlis manZilze xelmZRvanel organoebTan gagzavnili masalebidan mxolod 5-6 SemTxveva iyo, rom xeli ar moaweres~.1 aq igulisxmeba kontroli, romelsac axorcielebda agitacia-propagandis ganyofileba ara marto politikur, aramed literaturul gadacemebzec. literaturul-dramatul gadacemebSi mTavari yuradReba daeTmo frontisa da zurgis cxovrebis gaSuqebas, samamulo omis gmirebis portretebis Cvenebas. momravlda politikuri feletonebi, mimoxilvebi da kompoziciebi, mweralTa gamosvlebi. is, vinc 1937 wlis represiebs gadaurCa da axla omis saSinelebam warsuli daaviwyebina, omaxianad gamodioda mikrofonTan. eTerSi gaismoda stalinuri premiis laureatebisa da ordenosani mwerlebis l. qiaCelis, g. leoniZis, g. tabiZis, S. dadianis, a. maSaSvilis, s. Ciqovanis, i. griSaSvilisa da sxvaTa xmebi. qarTulma sazogadoebam pirvelad radioTi moismina aleqsandre abaSelis `cam daiquxa guSin~, giorgi quCiSvilis `poeti — jariskaci~, giorgi leoniZis `aimarTeniT, vaJkacno!~, simon Ciqovanis `mamuls vuTxraT gamarjveba~, Wabuki poetis xuta berulavas `amxanago miSakov, Zmao SalamberiZev!~ da sxv. saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris gamgeobis prezidiumma imsjela mwerlebisa da maTi organizaciis saqmianobis omis Sesaferisad gardaqmnis Taobaze da gamoxata mzadyofna — qarTvelma mwerlebma samoqmedo programad gaixadon Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitetis Tavmjdomaris i. stalinis 3 ivlisis gamosvla radioTi da yvelaferi gaakeTon mtris gasanadgureblad. Camoyalibda saagitacio-sapropagando biuro s. Ciqovanis TavmjdomareobiT. biuro agzavnida mwerlebs jaris nawilebSi, samobilizacio punqtebSi, samxedro hospitlebSi, kolmeurneobebSi Tu fabrika-qarxnebSi, awyobda antifaSistur literaturul saRamoebs, romelTa translaciebi gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi. aseve, TiTqmis yoveldRe ismoda ra1 76 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 38, gv. 30. dioSi qarTvel mweralTa rogorc mxatvruli, ise publicisturi nawarmoebebi. swored radio aRmoCnda is tribuna, saidanac im mZime dReebSi saqarTvelos mosaxleoba ismenda qarTveli mwerlebis optimisturi ganwyobiTa da patriotuli SemarTebiT gajerebul mxatvrul sityvas. magaliTad, 1942 wlis 16 ianvars gadaica literaturuli axalgazrdobis antifaSisturi saRamos radiotranslacia, romelic gaixsna geronti qiqoZis moxsenebiT `samamulo omi da sabWoTa axalgazrdoba~. Semdeg ioseb noneSvilma waikiTxa leqsi `qarTlis dideba davicvaT~. aseve mxatvruli nawarmoebebi waikiTxes lado avalianma, revaz margianma, marika baraTaSvilma, mayvala mrevliSvilma, giorgi kalandaZem, lado asaTianma da sxvebma. Tavdapirvelad, 1942 wlamde, qarTvel mwerlebs ar hqondaT saSualeba uSualod exilaT da SeeswavlaT fronti, amitom maTi nawarmoebebi jer kidev kanti-kuntad gadaicemoda eTerSi, mdgomareoba sagrZnoblad Secvala 1942 wlis 11 dekembris saq. kp(b) centraluri komitetis mier miRebulma dadgenilebam `literaturuli mxatvruli produqciis xarisxis amaRlebis Sesaxeb~, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom qarTveli mwerlebi Rrmad ver asaxaven omis sinamdviles, radgan ar icnoben frontisa da zurgis cxovrebas. saWiroa maTi xSiri Sexvedrebi armiisa da frontis mSromelebTano. amas mohyva mwerlebis gasvliTi brigadebi Crdilo kavkasiis frontze, sxvadasxva samxedro nawilebSi. radiom saswrafod daamyara kavSiri frontel avtorebTan da sistematurad Rebulobda masalebs k. lorTqifaniZis, p. abramias, s. TavaZis, g. quCiSvilis, d. Sengelaiasa da sxvebisagan. ase daibada `safronto narkvevebis cikli~, sadac naCvenebi iyo qarTvel meomarTa Tavganwirva da SemarTebuli brZola mtris winaaRmdeg. omis dros gamoCndnen radioSi axalgazrda mwerlebic: i. noneSvilma mikrofonTan waikiTxa axali leqsi `zoia kosmodemianskaia~, gadaica m. gelovanis, al. sajaias, r. margianis leqsebi, l. asaTianis axali poema `basianis brZola~. amis Sesaxeb 1941 wlis seqtemberSi nika agiaSvilisadmi gagzavnil werilSi lado asaTiani aRniSnavda: `davwere ramdenime leqsi: `gulbaaT WavWavaZe~, `qarTveli oqrosmaZieblebis simRera~, `irmebis SeTqmuleba~, `sumbuli~ da erTic 300 striqoniani istoriuli 77 poema Tu balada `basianis brZola~, Tamar mefis droidan... es nawarmoebi gasul kviras Tavidan bolomde mikrofonTan wavikiTxe da movaxsene saqarTvelos~.1 ufro adre, 1941 welis 15 marts stalinuri premiebi mieniWaT l. qiaCels romanisaTvis `gvadi bigva~ da g. leoniZes poemisaTvis `stalini. bavSvoba da yrmoba~. radio pirveli gamoexmaura am movlenas da mikrofonTan miiwvia laureatebi. moewyo maTi nawarmoebebis mxatvruli kiTxva. literaturuli redaqcia Tavis angariSSi Tavmomwoned aRniSnavda, rom `arcerTi Tanamedrove poeti, mwerali da dramaturgi ar darCenila, rom misi Semoqmedeba ar gaecno msmenels ama Tu im formiT (gamosvla, montaJi, kompozicia, nawyvetebi)~.2 1942 wlis seqtemberSi saqarTvelos mweralTa delegacia estumra CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, Cegemisa da baqsanis xeobebSi 392-e qarTvel msrolelTa divizias, sadac sofel fsixodSi, ZmaTa sasaflaos naxvisas dawera irakli abaSiZem leqsi `kapitani buxaiZe~, romelic maleve daibeWda am diviziis gazeTSi `win gamarjvebisaken~. aqve daiwera simon Ciqovanis leqsic `sabWoTa kavSiris gmiri vladimer kankava~. TbilisSi dabrunebisTanave poetebi radiokomitetSi miiwvies, sadac maT isaubres mogzaurobis STabeWdilebebze da waikiTxes iq dawerili leqsebi. aseve, radiomsmenelebma moismines 1943 wels tamanis naxevarkunZulze ucnobi qarTveli meomris levanis saflavis naxvisas giorgi leoniZis mier dawerili leqsi `ar daidardo, dedao~. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom TiTqmis yvela mwerali, romelic aqtiurad exmianeboda saomar Tematikas, garda Jurnal-gazeTebisa, sistematurad monawileobda radiogadacemebSic. TavianT profesiul movaleobas ar iviwyebdnen is mwerlebi da Jurnalistebi, romlebic frontze iaraRiT xelSi ibrZodnen samSoblos dasacavad da radioSi xSirad gadaicemoda p. abramias, n. kakuSaZis, k. lorTqifaniZis, r. margianisa da sxvaTa mier mowodebuli mxatvruli Tu publicisturi masalebi. frontze daiRupnen radiomuSakebi al. cercvaZe da g. zedelaSvili. 1 2 78 l. asaTiani, rCeuli, Tb., 1986, gv. 145. saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 34, gv. 2. 1942-1945 wlebSi radiom farTo adgili dauTmo saqarTveloSi evakuirebul rus mwerlebsa da msaxiobebs, mouwyo SemoqmedebiTi saRamoebi i. andronikovs, v. veresaevs, i. novikovs, a. antonovskaias, p. pavlenkos, v. golcevsa da sxvebs. aseve, rusuli Teatris saRamoebs awyobdnen samxatvro Teatris msaxiobebi v. kaCalovi, i. kozlovski, k. nemiroviC-danCenko. rogorc dokumentebi gvamcnoben, `1942 wels literaturuldramatuli gadacemebis xaziT ganxorcielda 945 gadacema. aqedan 599 qarTul enaze, 346 rusul enaze. maTgan 401 iyo originaluri, 544 — Targmnili~.1 aRsaniSnavia omis dros radiokomitetSi mTargmnelTa nayofieri muSaoba. n. lorTqifaniZis, i. zurabiSvilis, a. WumbaZis, k. WiWinaZis, r. gvetaZis miwvevam radioSi bevrad gaaumjobesa gadacemebis xarisxi. xSirad maT mier Targmnil masalebs iyenebdnen respublikuri gazeTebic. musikaluri gadacemebis Tematikac omis viTarebiT ganisazRvra. eTerSi ismoda patriotuli, heroikuli, paTetikuri musika. 1943 wlis maisSi saqarTvelos radios simfoniurma orkestrma gaukis diriJorobiT Seasrula SostakoviCis meSvide simfonia, romelic leningradis gmirobisa da mamacobis simbolod gaisma saqarTvelos eTerSi. aseve gadaica radioTi simRerebi WiWiko bendelianze, aleqsandre wurwumiaze da kapitan buxaiZeze. omis periodSi Semcirda sabavSvo gadacemebi. TveSi 14 gadacema qarTulenovani iyo, 6 — rusuli, xolo musikalur xelovnebas 10 gadacema eZRvneboda. farTod Suqdeboda pioneruli cxovreba — disciplinisa da movaleobis sakiTxebi. samxedro saqmeSi gaTviTcnobierebis mizniT specialurad bavSvebisTvis gadaicemoda saubrebi: `Tofi~, `tankebis Sesaxeb~, `qimia da omi~ da a.S. aseve, literaturul gadacemebSic Warbobda saomari Tematika. magaliTad, gr. abaSiZis `norCi rkinigzeli~ da `norCi pioneris fici~, v. quCiSvilis `gangaSi~, i. griSaSvilis `evakuirebuli bavSvebi~ da sxv. sabavSvo gadacemebs 1941 wels xelmZRvanelobda e. mRebriSvili, pasuxismgebel redaqtorebad muSaobdnen T. modeba1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 34, gv. 5. 79 Ze da g. manjgalaZe, reJisorad 1940 wels — d. cxakaia, 1941 wlidan ki — d. xomeriki. maT emateboda agreTve e.w. `masobrivad momuSave~ v. firaniSvili. omis dros saqarTvelos radios gamomSvebi seqtoric axali TanamSromlebiT Seivso. 1942 wels radiokomitetis diqtori xdeba erosi manjgalaZe, romelic im dros Teatraluri institutis meore kursis studenti iyo. 1947-1948 wlebSi igi staliniris Teatris msaxiobia, Semdeg kvlav radiokomitetSi agrZelebs muSaobas umaRlesi kategoriis diqtoris Tanamdebobaze da paralelurad muSaobs rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo TeatrSi msaxiobad. erosi manjgalaZe iyo ara mxolod SesaniSnavi diqtori, aramed brwyinvale sportuli komentatoric, romelic reportaJis gaZRolis maneriT da temperamentiani TxrobiT msmenelze waruSlel STabeWdilebas axdenda. 1943 wlidan radioSi muSaoba daiwyo SemdgomSi saqarTvelos damsaxurebulma artistma, umaRlesi kategoriis diqtorma elene tabliaSvilma, romelic 57 wlis ganmavlobaSi eTerSi sistematurad kiTxulobda ukanasknel cnobebs, saubrebs, mxatvrul-literaturul gadacemebs, leqsebs, moTxrobebs, monawileobda sabavSvo da axalgazrdul gadacemebSi. mas didi wvlili miuZRvis diqtorTa mTeli pleadis aRzrdaSic. aseve, 1943-1948 wlebSi radios diqtorad muSaobda lia WaniSvili, xolo 1945-1946 wlebSi — margarita Caxava. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom meore msoflio omis periodSi saqarTvelodan sakavSiro radio axorcielebda mauwyeblobas italiasa da balkaneTis qveynebze. mas xelmZRvanelobda p. kovanovi, romelic Semdgom muSaobda saq. kp. centraluri komitetis meore mdivnad. radioSi moqmedebda specialuri brigada, romlis Semadgenloba internacionaluri iyo: italielebi d. kudriaci da m. pilano, bulgarelebi d. kalinkova da d. nikolaevi, ungrelebi v. kovaCi da m. bovari, iugoslaveli i. zbaroviCi, rumineli i. spiru. masalebi gadaicemoda 10 enaze da zogierTi maTgani eZRvneboda saqarTvelosac. aseve, Tbilisidan xorcieldeboda mauwyebloba CrdiloeT kavkasiis droebiT okupirebuli raionebisTvisac. amrigad, 1941-1945 wlebSi saqarTvelos radio kavkasiis 80 mTel regionSi informaciisa da propagandis efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgenda. igi droulad exmianeboda omisa da zurgis ambebs, aanalizebda mimdinare movlenebs, saerTaSoriso mdgomareobas da mterze gamarjvebaSi Tavisi wvlili saqarTvelos radios Jurnalistebsac miuZRviT. omisSemdgom aTwleulSi saqarTveloSi radiomauwyeblobis ganviTareba mWidrod daukavSirda respublikis saxalxo meurneobis aRdgenisa da ganviTarebis saxelmwifo gegmebs. 1946 wlis 12-19 marts ssrk umaRlesi sabWos me-11 mowvevis sesiaze miRebuli dadgenilebis Tanaxmad, ssrk mokavSire da avtonomiuri respublikebis saxalxo komisarTa sabWoebi gardaiqmna ministrTa sabWoebad, xolo saxalxo komisariatebi — saministroebad. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan arsebul radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komitets ewoda saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis komiteti, romelic warmoadgenda ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitetis adgilobriv organos da eqvemdebareboda rogorc saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos, aseve aRniSnul komitets. saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebul radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitets debulebis mixedviT evaleboda: `saqarTvelos ssr mosaxleobisaTvis politikuri mauwyeblobis organizacia, sabWoTa saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo politikis yovelmxrivi gaSuqeba, socialisturi mSeneblobis amocanebis farTo propaganda, ssrk xalxebisa da saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv-politikur, ekonomikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi miRweuli warmatebebis popularizacia, aseve radiomsmenelebis informireba sazRvargareTis qveynebis politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb; socialisturi kulturisa da xelovnebis, mecnieruli codnis, ssrk xalxTa Semoqmedebis, klasikuri literaturis, musikisa da dramaturgiis saukeTeso nawarmoebebis farTo propaganda~.1 aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganxorcielda saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis organi1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 10, gv. 85. 81 zaciul da SemoqmedebiT struqturaSi, gaumjobesda materialur-teqnikuri baza, gaizarda radiosadgurebisa da radioaparaturis ricxvi, dRis wesrigSi dadga soflis sruli radiofikaciis sakiTxi da radio profesiuli kadrebiT Seivso. 1949 wlis 6 ivliss ssrk ministrTa sabWos dadgenilebiT ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis erTiani komiteti (romelic 1933 wlidan arsebobda) gardaiqmna sakavSiro mniSvnelobis or struqturad — ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebul radioinformaciis komitetad da radiomauwyeblobis komitetad. pirvels daevala Sida mauwyebloba, meores ki — mauwyebloba sazRvargareTis qveynebze. es reforma, rogorc Cans, ganapiroba ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis gazrdilma mniSvnelobam omisa da omisSemdgom wlebSi (mkveTrad gafarTovda misi moculoba, samauwyeblo enebis ricxvi da mauwyeblobis zonebi). Sesabamisi cvlileba moxda respublikebis donezec. saqarTvelos radios, romelsac ucxoeTze mauwyebloba ar gaaCnda, ubralod saxeli Seecvala da ewoda saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis komiteti, mis Tavmjdomared dainiSna aleqsandre kvaWaZe. 1952 wlis ivlisSi a. kvaWaZe gaaTavisufles Tanamdebobidan im motiviT, rom `ver uzrunvelyo komitetis xelmZRvaneloba, dauSva finansuri darRvevebi, disciplinisa da honoraris ukontroloba~, aseve gaaTavisufles misi moadgile amiran gabeskiria da sxva TanamSromlebic. radiokomitetis axal Tavmjdomared dainiSna anton kelenjeriZe, moadgiled — aleqsandre farulava. 1953 wlis martSi centraluri dawesebulebebisa da uwyebebis reorganizaciasTan dakavSirebiT, am ori komitetis nacvlad Seiqmna radioinformaciis mTavari sammarTvelo da radiomauwyeblobis mTavari sammarTvelo da orive Sevida axal Camoyalibebuli ssrk kulturis saministros SemadgenlobaSi. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis komiteti gaxda saqarTvelos ssr kulturis saministrosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis mTavari sammarTvelo, xolo misi Tavmjdomare a. kelenjeriZe — sammarTvelos ufrosi. aseTma cvlilebam didi polemika gamoiwvia sakavSiro presaSi da araerTi sawinaaRmdego mosazrebac gamo82 iTqva. amas isic daemata, rom omisSemdgom wlebSi gamoCnda xalxis farTo masebze zemoqmedebis ufro efeqturi saSualeba televiziis saxiT, romelmac garkveulwilad Secvala Tavad radiomauwyeblobis saqmianoba da igi axali amocanebis winaSe daayena. omis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1946 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi arsebobda 81 radiokvanZi da 60 aTasze meti satranslacio wertili, soflad radioficirebuli iyo 370-mde sasoflo sabWo, 300-mde kolmeurneoba da 31 mts (manqana-traqtorebis sadguri).1 1951 wlisaTvis ki saqarTveloSi respublikuri mauwyebloba warmoebda ori mZlavri radiosadguridan — 1571 da 59, 52 metr talRebze. am droisaTvis sul moqmedebda 259 radiokvanZi. ufro gafarTovda da stabiluri gaxda radioauditoria da, rac mTavaria, warmatebiT gagrZelda Jurnalistikis axali formebisa da xerxebis SemoqmedebiTi Zieba. 40-50-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi jer kidev omamde Camoyalibebuli radiomauwyeblobis diferencirebuli sistema kidev ufro ganmtkicda. igi moicavda sazogadoebriv-politikur da mxatvrul programebs. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba aerTianebda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~, propagandis, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis redaqciebs. maTi TanamSromlebi amzadebdnen gadacemebs axalgazrdobisTvisac, romlis calke redaqcia mogvianebiT Seiqmna. 1950 wlis ivnisis monacemebiT saqarTvelos radioSi funqcionirebda Semdegi redaqciebi: sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis redaqcia, romlis pasuxismgebeli redaqtori iyo ar. qadagiSvili, ufrosi redaqtori gr. imedaZe, redaqtori al. margvelaSvili; `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori S. jiqia; rusulenovani gadacemis ufrosi redaqtori p. bedenaSvili, redaqtorebi: al. gabunia da d. gegenava, literaturuli redaqtori g. soselia. mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSi Sedioda: literaturul-dramatuli mauwyeblobis redaqcia — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori n. sirbilaZe, literaturuli redaqtori m. suxiaSvili, biblioTekari a. badrieva; musikaluri mauwyeblobis redaqcia — 1 gaz. `komunisti~, 1946, 07.05. 83 simfoniuri gadacemebis pasuxismgebeli redaqtori b. qarTveliSvili, ufrosi redaqtori g. kacelaSvili, notebis biblioTekis ufrosi l. lukaSeva; sabavSvo mauwyeblobis redaqcia — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori ak. ZiZiguri, ufrosi redaqtori l. buaCiZe, redaqtori m. voznesenski. gamomSvebi seqtoris gamge iyo o. anTelava, ufrosi gamomSvebi — m. uruSaZe. teqnikur nawils xelmZRvanelobda o. quTaTelaZe. radiokorespondentebad muSaobdnen: n. tyemalaZe, m. WeiSvili, e. domoracki. a. faradaSvili, er. gogiava da sxv. musikaluri koleqtivebis mxatvruli xelmZRvaneli da pasuxismgebeli redaqtori iyo al. bukia, simfoniuri orkestris mTavari diriJori — S. azmaifaraSvili, diriJori — al. nasiZe, kapelis mxatvruli xelmZRvaneli g. xaxanaSvili, mxatvruli xelmZRvaneli avq. megreliZe, qormeisteri vl. babilua. 1952-1957 wlebSi sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobas xelmZRvanelobda vaxtang ZamaSvili, mxatvrul-dramatuls ki — akaki ZiZiguri (1956 wels igi Secvala ivlita mesxiSvilma). garda amisa, radios hyavda programebis direqcia, diqtorTa jgufi, sakuTar korespondentTa farTo qseli da mauwyeblobis meqanikuri seqtori, sadac Sedioda saaparato (mas xelmZRvanelobda ufrosi teqnikos-operatori l. qiSmiSevi), mikrofonebis, tonfilmebisa da gramfirfitebis samsaxurebi. omisSemdgom sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebobda adgilobrivi mauwyeblobis 82 komiteti — respublikuri, samxareo da saolqo. TiToeuli maTgani mauwyeblobda mSobliur enaze. amave dros gansazRvruli dro eTmoboda rusulenovan gadacemebs da, aseve, centridan dagegmili radiobadis mixedviT, adgilobrivi radioqselebi sakavSiro radiokomitetis gadacemebsac iRebdnen. 1951 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTvelos respublikuri mauwyeblobis moculoba yoveldRiurad Seadgenda 8 saaTsa da 50 wuTs. xolo moskovidan translaciasTan erTad 17 saaTsa da 40 wuTs. daaxloebiT igive mdgomareoba iyo yvela respublikaSi da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis aseTi centralizebuli sistema im ZiriTad berkets warmoadgenda, romlis meSveobiTac sabWoTa mTavroba da komunisturi par84 tia axorcielebda Tavis politikas — erTiani sabWoTa eris cnobierebis Camoyalibebis sanukvar programas. am mxriv mniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebda radios informaciuli mauwyebloba, romelic sxvadasxva gadacemebs moicavda: ukanaskneli cnobebi; centraluri (sakavSiro) da respublikuri gazeTebis mimoxilva; ssrk-is axali ambebi; Tbilisis axali ambebi; saerTaSoriso mimoxilva. radioprogramebSi centraluri adgili `ukanasknel cnobebs~ ekava, romelic gankuTvnili iyo `yvelasaTvis~, nebismieri socialuri jgufisa Tu fenis, profesiisa Tu asakis adamianisTvis. aq Tavs iyrida informacia mimdinare cxovrebis yvela mniSvnelovan faqtsa Tu movlenaze — politikis, ekonomikis, kulturisa Tu ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. igi SeuzRudavi iyo Tematurad da geografiulad da mravalferovani publicisturi xerxebis gamoyenebis saSualebasac iZleoda. `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ gadaicemoda dReSi 6-jer da, wesisamebr, moicavda informaciebs sakavSiro, respublikuri da saerTaSoriso cxovrebis Sesaxeb. qalaqis satranslacio qseliT ki dReSi erTxel gadaicemoda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~. saWiro masalebs radiokomitetis sainformacio samsaxuri sxvadasxva wyarodan iRebda: ssrk depeSaTa saagentodan, saqarTvelos depeSaTa saagentodan, sakavSiro Tu respublikuri Jurnal-gazeTebidan da sakuTari korespondentebisgan, romlebic saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi hyavda. 1949 wlis monacemebiT, `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi muSaobda 2 Statis da 8 uStato TanamSromeli, aseve 37 adamianisagan Semdgari avtorTa aqtivi, romelic yoveldRiurad redaqcias awvdida saSualod 20-ze met informacias. yovel gamoSvebaSi gadaicemoda 5-7 cnoba respublikis cxovrebaze, 3-4 sakavSiro informacia da 6-7 mniSvnelovani cnoba saerTaSoriso Temaze.1 sxvadasxva wlebSi `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi moRvaweobdnen: guram mRebriSvili, kora wereTeli, nikoloz abzianiZe da sxvebi. radioSi moqmedebda 1933 wlidan damkvidrebuli masalaTa ganlagebis principi politikuri aqtualobis mixedviT. ga1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 106, gv. 12. 85 moSveba ixsneboda sabWoTa mTavrobis mier miRebuli dadgenilebebis, gadawyvetilebebis, saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis faqtebisa da movlenebis SetyobinebiT. Semdeg gadaicemoda masalebi SromiTi koleqtivebis saqmianobaze, saxelmwifo gegmebis vadaze adre Sesrulebaze, staxanovur moZraobaze, socialistur Sejibrebaze da a.S. dasasruls msmenels acnobdnen xelovnebis, kulturis, sportisa da sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebs, aseve amindis prognozs. redaqcia xSirad mimarTavda masalaTa ganlagebis e.w. geografiul principsac, pirvel rigSi gadaicemoda sakavSiro masStabiT momxdari axali ambebi, Semdeg informaciebi respublikis cxovrebaze da bolos sazRvargareTis Sesaxeb. SedarebiT naklebad, magram sadResaswaulo dReebSi an SromiTi da saarCevno kampaniebis periodSi radio iyenebda masalaTa ganlagebis Tematur principsac, sadac masalebi erTi Temis mixedviT jgufdeboda. imTaviTve ganisazRvra `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ informaciaTa xangrZlivobac. yoveli masala sam wuTze meti ar unda yofiliyo da, rac SeiZleba, sxartad da lakoniurad unda gadmoeca axali ambavi, Tumca es principi xSirad irRveoda sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo. 30-iani wlebidan daiwyo da dResac grZeldeba tradicia, romlis mixedviTac `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebebs uZRveboda ori diqtori — qali da mamakaci. omis Semdgom radioSi gagrZelda diqtorTa axali kadrebiT Sevseba. 1948-49 wlebSi Statian diqtorad miiRes rusTavelis saxelmwifo dramatuli Teatris msaxiobi medea Caxava, romelsac jer kidev Teatralur institutSi swavlisas iwvevdnen radios sabavSvo gadacemebSi monawileobisaTvis. amave wlebSi moRvaweobdnen radios diqtorebad uSangi zarekiZe, giorgi cabaZe, beJan jafariZe, mixeil lopatkini. 1951 wels radiokomitetis Tavmjdomarem anton kelenjeriZem radios diqtorebad miiwvia Teatraluri institutis studentebi meri miqelaZe da merab TabukaSvili, 1952 wlidan diqtoris Tanamdebobaze miiRes vaxtang jaxutaSvili da revaz TavarTqilaZe, profesiiT msaxiobebi. radiokomitetis omisSemdgom masalebSi gansakuTrebiT 86 igrZnoboda mSvidobiani cxovrebis majiscema. Tu omis damTavrebis pirvel xanebSi radioSi xSirad ismoda Semdegi saTaurebi: `swrafad movirCinoT omisgan miyenebuli Wrilobebi~, `sawarmoo swavleba profkavSirebSi~, `demobilizebuli meomrebi mSvidobian SromiT vaxtze~, `wiTeli jvari~ da sxv. SemdgomSi bevri sakiTxi aqtualuri aRar iyo da mTeli yuradReba daeTmo komunisturi mSeneblobebis, staxanovuri moZraobis, SromiTi koleqtivebis socialisturi Sejibrebebis Cvenebas. yovel gamoSvebaSi gadaicemoda informaciebi komunistTa avangardul rolze, partorganizaciebis monawileobaze zemdgomi organoebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis SesrulebaSi, politganaTlebis qselSi swavlebis mimdinareobaze da a.S. mTavari iyo warmoCeniliyo partiis warmmarTveli da xelmZRvaneli roli sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi. saarqivo monacemebiT, 1949 wlis pirvel naxevarSi `partiul sakiTxze gadaica 200-ze meti masala~.1 aq isic unda aRiniSnos, rom es masalebi formiTa da SinaarsiT tyupiscalebiviT hgavda erTmaneTs da mxolod personaJebi icvlebodnen. yovelive zemoTqmuli `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciis muSaobis erT mxares warmoadgenda, Sinaarsobrivad ki misi movaleoba iyo sabWoTa mTavrobisa da komunisturi partiis ideologiuri da politikuri poziciebidan gaeSuqebina qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebi. 1946 w. 8 ivniss sak. kp (b) centraluri komitetis mier miRebulma dadgenilebam `saxalxo meurneobis aRdgenisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis xuTwliani gegmis vadamde da gadaWarbebiT Sesrulebis Sesaxeb~ radios farTo organizatoruli muSaobis amocana daakisra da informaciul gamoSvebebSi gamorCeuli adgili daeTmo samrewvelo Tematikas: xuTwliani gegmebis SesrulebisaTvis mobilizacias, mSromelTa gamoxmaurebebs zegegmiTi dagrovebis iniciativaze, ekonomiis reJimze, muSaobis rentabelobaze da a.S. yoveldRe gadaicemoda operatiuli informaciebi amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis, goris safeiqro kombinatis, quTaisis saavtomobilo qarxnis, samgoris sarwyavi sistemis mSeneblobebis Sesaxeb. radio 1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 106, gv. 14. 87 ZiriTadad warmatebebs acnobda msmenelebs — gardamavali wiTeli droSis mopovebas, sapatio jildoebis miRebas, intensiur SromiT procesebs, `axali cxovrebiT aRfrTovanebuli adamianebis~ saqmianobas. samagierod, naklebad Suqdeboda negatiuri mxareebi, CrdilSi rCeboda mSromelTa materialuri cxovrebis pirobebi, yofa-cxovrebis, keTilmowyobis, dasvenebisa da garTobis sakiTxebi. mTavari amocana iyo Seqmniliyo imis iluzia, rom saqarTvelos mSromelTa farTo masebi didi gatacebiT aSeneben axal cxovrebas, rom isini yovel axal wamowyebas, ssrk-is sxvadasxva respublikebis mSromelTa Taosnobebs gulmxurvaled exmaurebian da maT gamocdilebas aRtacebiT iziareben. m. Cutkixis, a. Sexnovis, o. agafonovas, l. korolenkovis, m. roJnevisa da sxvaTa saxelebi yoveldRe ismoda eTerSi. ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iyo Jurnal-gazeTebisa da sakavSiro radiokomitetidan miRebuli masalebi. 50-ian wlebSi gansakuTrebiT bevri masala gadaicemoda radioTi socialisturi Sejibrebis Sesaxeb, romelic masebis organizebis erT-erT qmediT saSualebad iTvleboda sabWoTa saxelmwifos mTeli arsebobis manZilze. sabWoTa kavSirSi ar darCenila arc erTi SromiTi koleqtivi, socialisturi Sejibrebis monawile rom ar gamxdariyo. `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ yovel gamoSvebaSi TiTo masala mainc eZRvneboda socSejibrebasa da mowinave gamocdilebis gaziarebas. gamoCnda axali rubrikebi da ciklebi: `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~, `winasaarCevno da winasaoqtombro socSejibrebaSi gamarjvebulni~, `saoqtombro socialisturi Sejibreba~, `socSejibrebis dRiuri~ da sxv., romlebic Seicavdnen informaciebs fabrika-qarxnebidan, sabWoTa meurneobebidan, axali mSeneblobebidan da a.S. am masalebis gacnobisas, romelTa nawili saarqivo fondebSia daculi, iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom am procesebs Tavad adgilze ar hqonda iseTi farTo xasiaTi, rogorc presasa Tu radioSi. cifrobrivi monacemebiT gadatvirTuli aseTi informaciebi didad ver daainteresebda msmenelebs. Tu rogor da ra formebiT axerxebdnen radiomuSakebi Tematurad mravalferovani masalis mitanas auditoriamde, amaze radiokomitetis saarqivo masalebi migvaniSnebs. 88 gadavxedoT 1951 wlis 20 ivnisis 23.30 saaTis `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebas: informaciuli SeniSvna: Jdanovis sax. qarxana `azovstalis~ mier komunizmis udidesi mSeneblobis SekveTebis Sesruleba; yazaxeTis mSromelebis daxmareba stalinur mSeneblobebs; samtrediis mts-is komkavSirelTa gmiroba. angariSi: `tyis megobris sazogadoebis~ respublikuri yrilobis muSaobis dawyeba; saq. ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis samecniero sesia, romelic mieZRvna stalinis Sromas `marqsizmi da enaTmecnierebis sakiTxebi~. mikrofonTan gamosvla: afxazeTis tyis sammarTvelos vaWrobis ufrosi v. TaTaraSvili. marjaniSvilis saxelobis TeatrSi goris saxelmwifo Teatris gastrolebis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT misi mTavari reJisoris v. yuSitaSvilis gamosvla. reportaJi: Cais krefis mimdinareoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, Sekreba xaSuris kvanZSi rkinigzelTa dRis aRsaniSnavad. sportuli informaciebi, saerTaSoriso ambebi. rogorc am gamoSvebidan Cans, `ukanasknel cnobebSi~ ZiriTadad gamoiyeneboda iseTi radioJanrebi, rogoricaa informaciuli SeniSvna, angariSi, reportaJi, mikrofonTan gamosvla. operatiulobiT gamoirCeoda informaciuli SeniSvna — mauwyeblobis yvelaze qmediTi Janri, romlis gareSec warmoudgeneli iyo `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ romelime gamoSveba da yoveli axali ambavi am JanriT euwyeboda msmenels. zogjer mTeli sainformacio gamoSveba mxolod informaciuli SeniSvnebisgan Sedgeboda da diqtorebis xmaTa monacvleoba Tu qmnida radiogenurobis efeqts. gansxvavebiT informaciuli SeniSvnisagan, `mikrofonTan gamosvla~, romelic 30-ian wlebSi Camoyalibda da romelsac 40-50-iani wlebis radioJurnalistebi `cocxal gamosvlas~ uwodebdnen (specialur literaturaSi igi `radiogamosvlis~ saxeliTaa cnobili), radiosTvis metad organuli da qmediTi forma gamodga. masSi gamovlinda radios masobriobisa da xalxurobis principi, romelsac maSindeli xelisufleba se89 riozul mniSvnelobas aniWebda. `mikrofonTan cocxali gamosvla~ aZlierebda sabWouri cxovrebis agitaciis Zalas, faqtis sarwmunoobas, ramdenadac msmenels saSualebas aZlevda informacia pirdapiri wyarodan mieRo, rasac Tan axlda gamomsvlelis individualuri Tvisebebis warmoCenac. garda amisa, igi advilad mosamzadebelic iyo da mxolod erTi gamosaxviTi saSualebiT — zepiri sityviT xdeboda faqtis Setyobineba. samagierod, faqtis ganzogadebis saSualebas iZleoda im piris meSveobiT, vinc misi uSualo monawile da mxilveli iyo. am Janrs `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi mimarTavdnen gamocdilebis gaziarebis, socialisturi Sejibrebis propagandis mizniT, soflisa Tu qalaqis mowinave adamianebis SromiTi saqmianobis warmosaCenad da a.S. faqtobrivad, `mikrofonTan gamosvla~ sabWour periodSi ufro Tavis qebis tribuna iyo, sadac gamomsvlelebi paTetikurad saubrobdnen TavianT SromiT warmatebebze da gauTaveblad ismoda eTerSi: `Cven pirobas vdebT~, `Cven vibrZviT maRali mosavlisaTvis~, `Cven kargad unda gvaxsovdes didi beladis sityvebi~ da a.S. rogorc saangariSo moxsenebebSia miTiTebuli: `Sinauri cxovrebis gaSuqebisas redaqciis winaSe idga amocana dReSi 2-3-jer mainc gamoSvebaSi gamoeyenebina gamosvlebi muSebis, mosamsaxureebis, xelovnebis moRvaweebisa. 1950 wlis I naxevarSi gadaica sul 320 cocxali gamosvla mikrofonTan~.1 radiom `cocxali gamosvlebiT mikrofonTan~ didi roli Seasrula sxvadasxva SromiTi koleqtivebis iniciativebisa da Taosnobebis gavrcelebaSi. pirvelad swored `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebaSi gaisma saqarTveloSi al. Cutkixis meTodis pioneris, fabrika `sabWoTa aWaris~ ostatis TanaSemwis o. axalkacis Taosnobis Sesaxeb, romelmac Tavadve uambo msmenelebs Tavisi meTodisa da miRwevebis Sesaxeb. aseve radiom gauwia propaganda Tbilisis fexsacmlis fabrikis meqanikosis i. nikolaiSvilis iniciativas. 1950 wlis Semodgomaze, saqarTvelos alpinistTa jgufma dalaSqra mazeri-uSba-Sxeldis mwvervalebi. aseTi traversi 1 90 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 138, gv. 63. masStabiTa da sirTulis mxriv pirveli iyo sabWoTa alpinizmis istoriaSi. radiom maSinve Seafasa am faqtis mniSvneloba da CamosvlisTanave mikrofonTan miiwvia jgufis xelmZRvaneli. msmenelisaTvis am formiT miwodebuli masala ufro damajerebeli da, amave dros, radiogenuric iyo. saerTod, radioJanri `mikrofonTan gamosvla~ masebTan dakavSirebis erT-erTi SesaniSnavi saSualeba gamodga, romelmac gasaqani misca axali sazogadoebis mSenebel adamianebs, gamosuliyvnen mikrofonTan mravalricxovani auditoriis winaSe da maTSic gaeRviZebinaT is enTuziazmi, romelsac daJinebiT moiTxovda maSindeli propaganda. aqve Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imdroindel atmosferosac, romelic mxolod dadebiTisa da `saamuri cxovrebis~ Cvenebis tendenciiT gamoixateboda, cxadia, rom amgvar gadacemebSi aravin msjelobda mwvave problemebsa da saWirboroto sakiTxebze, gamomsvlelTa teqstebic winaswar mzaddeboda, mkacrad mowmdeboda da ise miewodeboda msmenels. aseTi masalebiT radio qmnida sabWoTa qveynis mSenebeli adamianis saxes, romelic misabaZi da samagaliTo iqneboda farTo muSur- glexuri masisaTvis. zemoT xsenebuli radioJanrebis prioriteti sxva informaciul JanrebTan SedarebiT teqnikis simwiriTac iyo ganpirobebuli. mxolod mogvianebiT, jer Sorinofonis, Semdeg ki magnitofonis praqtikaSi danergvam radioJurnalistebis Sroma bevrad Seamsubuqa da SesaZlebloba misca maT, winaswar firze CaeweraT esa Tu is mniSvnelovani movlena, Semdeg redaqciaSi daemuSavebinaT da ise gadaecaT eTerSi. es meTodi, miuxedavad droisa da sivrcis araTanadroulobisa, xSirad gamoiyeneboda omisSemdgom radioSi da aseve gamoiyeneba dResac. aseTi radioreportaJebi gadaicemoda rusTavis metalurgiuli da quTaisis manqanaTmSenebeli qarxnebidan, orTaWalis hidroeleqtrosadguridan, samgoris sarwyavi arxis mSeneblobidan da sxv. magaliTad, `1949 wels samgoris sarwyav mSeneblobaze naxevari wlis manZilze gadaica 9 reportaJi da 200 informaciuli SeniSvna~.1 aseve aRsaniSnavia metexis xidis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebuli radioreporta1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 174, gv. 236. 91 Ji, romelic xidis gaxsnidan ori saaTis Semdeg gadaica. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom omis Semdgom radiokomitetSi mxolod 2 magnitofoni arsebobda, aqedan erTi emsaxureboda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcias. radioreportaJebs xSirad mimarTavdnen sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani Tavyrilobebisa da masobrivi RonisZiebebis dros. momzadda reportaJebi ilia WavWavaZis, al. wulukiZis, s. orjonikiZis saxl-muzeumebis gaxsnasTan dakavSirebiT. reportaJi ZiriTadi Janri iyo saarCevno kampaniis dros. redaqciis TanamSromlebs gansakuTrebuli pasuxismgebloba ekisrebodaT da evalebodaT radioreportaJebis mowyoba im saarCevno ubnebidan, sadac kenWs iyridnen stalini, beria, molotovi, malenkovi da sxva partiuli xelmZRvaneli muSakebi. amrigad, radioreportaJi, romelic 30-ian wlebSi gamoCnda saqarTvelos radioSi `aqtualuri gadacemebis~ saxiT, 4050-wlebSi Camoyalibda radios sainformacio mauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad Janrad. mas iyenebdnen propagandistul da mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSic. gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda sportuli reportaJebi, kerZod ki, fexburTis matCis reportaJebi, romlebsac 60-ian wlebamde xSirad `translaciebad~ acxadebdnen. pirvel reportaJs fexburTis stadionidan 1945 wels uZRveboda respublikis damsaxurebuli artisti pier kobaxiZe, Semdeg mas mxarSi amoudga vladimer gabelia. magram, SeiZleba iTqvas, es Janri xelovnebis doneze aiyvana legendarulma radiokomentatorma da qarTuli Teatris didma moRvawem erosi manjgalaZem. mis debiutad iTvleba reportaJi sabWoTa kavSiris Tasze finaluri matCidan Tbilisis `dinamosa~ da moskovis `spartaks~ Soris, romelic 1946 wlis gvian Semodgomaze gaimarTa moskovSi. informaciuli mauwyebloba erT-erT mTavar adgils uTmobda ssrk sagareo politikis gaSuqebas da farTod iyenebda `saerTaSoriso mimoxilvis~ formas. am rubrikiT gadaicemoda informaciuli SeniSvnebic da, aseve, TandaTanobiT gamoikveTa komentaris niSnebic. meti yuradReba mieqca Temis motivirebas da mis argumentacias, avtoris Tvalsazrisisa da misi poziciis gamoxatvas, Tumca es pozicia winaswar iyo gansazRvruli da calmxrivad warmoaCenda ama Tu im saerTaSoriso 92 movlenas. aseTi mimoxilvebis mizani iyo kontrpropaganda, socialisturi wyobilebis upiratesobis Cveneba kapitalisturi cxovrebis wesTan SedarebiT da am ukanasknelis uaryofiTi mxareebis gazviadeba. ZiriTadad muq ferebSi ixateboda burJuaziuli samyaro da xSir SemTxvevaSi radio dezinformaciis wyaroc iyo. iqmneboda egreT wodebuli `mtris xati~ dasavleTis saxelmwifoebis saxiT. eTeri daundobeli ideologiuri brZolis asparezad iyo qceuli. 40-iani wlebis meore naxevridan `socialisturi banaki~ TandaTan `rkinis fardiT~ gamoeyo danarCen samyaros. `Cven kargad viciT, rom imperialistebi aCaReben sisxlian oms. maT surT xanZari daanTon mTel msoflioSi, magram Cven ar gveSinia maTi xrikebisa da muqarisa. araviTar Zalas ar SeuZlia SeaCeros sabWoTa xalxis winsvla komunizmis naTeli mwvervalebisaken~.1 `kapitalisturi gadmonaSTi es aris kerZomesakuTruli Sexeduleba, egoizmi, Sovinizmi, rasuli siZulvili, religiuri crurwmena da rwmena~,2 — aseTi paTosi wiTeli xaziviT gasdevda ara marto `saerTaSoriso mimoxilvis~ masalebs, aramed zogadad radiogadacemebs. zogierTi gadacemis toni Jurnalisturi eTikis normebsac scildeboda da eTeridan Seuracxmyofeli gamonaTqvamebi ismoda: `maxinji CerCili~, `yviTeli gvelebi~, `sisxlismsmeli kapitalistebi~ da a.S. yovelive amis sapirispirod radio xotba-didebas ar iSurebda socialisturi sistemisa da saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis mimarT da cdilobda, rac SeiZleba `vardisfrad~ warmoesaxa iq mimdinare movlenebi. 1950 wlidan sainformacio mauwyeblobis muSaoba gaumjobesda da rogorc saangariSo moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli, `gardaiqmna `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ informaciis miwodebis forma. redaqciam gadauxvia arsebul tradicias, Semofargluliyo mxolod ssrk depeSaTa saagentos masalebiT da Tbilissa da moskovs Soris regularuli aviakavSiris damyarebis wyalobiT SesaZlebeli gaxda centraluri gazeTebis gamosvlis dResve an meore diliT, `pravdisa~ da `izvestiis~ miRebisTa1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978. aR. I, saq. 189, gv. 39. iqve, saq. 108, gv. 10. 93 nave, saintereso informaciis amorCeva, romelic ar iyo ssrk depeSaTa saagentos mier miwodebul masalebSi, operatiulad eTargmna da gadaeca~.1 aseve, radio saerTaSoriso ambebis wyarod iyenebda sxva centraluri gazeTebis — `trudis~, `komsomolskaia pravdasa~ da `literaturnaia gazetas~ masalebs, ramac ucxoeTis informacia ufro mravalferovani gaxada da radioauditoriac gaafarTova. msmeneli radios saSualebiT ufro adre iRebda informacias, vidre gazeTidan. 1950 wlidan saerTaSoriso mimoxilvebi gadaicemoda yoveldRe. igi iwyeboda saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis — CineTisa da koreis ambebiT, mas mohyveboda aRmosavleT evropis saxalxo demokratiuli qveynebis cxovrebis amsaxveli informaciebi da bolos gadaicemoda kritikuli masalebi kapitalisturi qveynebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. rogorc radiokomitetis saangariSo moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli: `1951 wlis I naxevarSi komitetma gamoiyena 14.000 informacia, maT Soris 400ze meti saerTaSoriso Temaze~.2 Tumca aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom radios jer kidev ar hyavda profesionali saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi. samwuxarod, `ukanasknel cnobebSi~ maincdamainc ver damkvidrda iseTi radiogenuri Janri, rogoric interviua. mas xSirad mimarTavdnen Jurnalistebi sxvadasxva gadacemebSi, rogorc radioJanrebis Semadgenel elements, magaliTad, radioreportaJSi, radionarkvevSi Tu radiokorespondenciaSi, magram rogorc damoukidebel radioJanrs, iSviaTad iyenebdnen. sainformacio mauwyebloba ver daikvexnida geografiuli da Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiTac. informaciebi moklebuli iyo operatiulobas da lakoniurobas, aseve naklebad Suqdeboda maRalmTiani raionebis cxovreba. `Statis korespondentebi honoraris gamo akeTeben masalebs da sxvas ar avaleben. amitom xSirad uyuradRebod rCebaT respublikis mniSvnelovani movlenebi, naklebad izidaven sabWoTa, profkavSirul, xelovnebisa da kulturis muSakebs~,3 — aRiniSneboda sa1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978. aR. I, saq. 105, gv. 33. iqve. 3 iqve, saq. 174, gv. 245. 2 94 redaqcio oqmebSi. aseve xazgasmiT iyo miTiTebuli, rom `ukanasknel cnobebSi~ gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoba warmoebas, magram meore mxare ki daviwyebulia: TiTqmis ar gadaicema masalebi yofa-cxovrebaze, mSromelTa materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze, maT kulturul aRzrdaze. Zalian iSviaTia masalebi sazogadoebriv kvebaze, vaWrobaze, kulturul dasvenebaze. aseve kargad Suqdeba soflis meurneobis muSakTa Sroma, magram kolmeurneTa cxovreba — naklebad~.1 aqve radios komunisturi propagandis araefeqtur warmarTvaSic adanaSaulebdnen, rom `naklebad Suqdeba komunisturi mSeneblobebi sabWoTa kavSiris cxovrebaze. gasuli wlis dekembrisa da ama wlis ianvarSi gadaica mxolod 20 informacia. Zalian cota masalaa kuibiSevisa da stalingradis hesebis mSeneblobaze. aris zogjer iseTi gamoSveba, sadac sityva ar aris ssrk cxovrebaze. zogjer meorexarisxovani masala gadaicema pirvel rigSi~,2 — aseTi sayvedurebi zemdgomi instanciebisadmi maameblobiT iyo gamowveuli da xSirad sinamdviles arc Seefereboda. Tu samauwyeblo bades gadavxedavT, cxadi gaxdeba, rom sakavSiro radios gadacemebsa da respublikis farglebs gareT mimdinare movlenebis amsaxvel masalebs saqarTvelos radioSi ufro meti adgili ekava, vidre Sinaur cxovrebas. amas isic unda davumatoT, rom 1946 wlis martis Tvidan mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze, yvela respublikasa Tu avtonomiur warmonaqmnSi translirdeboda sakavSiro radios yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani sainformacio programa `kviris axali ambebi~. centraluri radiogadacemebis CarTvas adgilobriv programebSi iZulebiTi xasiaTi hqonda da ganpirobebuli iyo ara imdenad saWiroebiT, ramdenadac politikuri miznebiTa da daniSnulebiT. sainformacio samsaxurs evaleboda agreTve centraluri da respublikuri gazeTebis mimoxilva, romelic mxolod dabeWdili masalebis mSrali CamonaTvali iyo. sistematurad gadaicemoda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~ qalaqis satranslacio qseliT. ZiriTadad es iyo informaciebi qa1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978. aR. I, saq. 186, gv. 153. iqve. 95 laqis partiul, komkavSirul, kulturul, saganmanaTleblo, savaWro organizaciebisa da dawesebulebebis miRweva-naklovanebebze. xandaxan gamoereoda mamxilebeli, kritikuli masalebic, umetesad sayofacxovrebo Temebze. xSirad, `Tbilisis axal ambebSi~ wamoWrili sakiTxebi farTo gamoxmaurebis saganic gamxdara da maTi wyalobiT araerTi yofiTi problema mogvarebula. rogorc zemoTqmulidan Cans, sainformacio gamoSvebebi radiomauwyeblobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma iyo da masSi didi yuradReba eniWeboda socialur da politikur informacias, romelsac ideologiuri datvirTva gaaCnda da mkacr cenzuras eqvemdebareboda. aseT pirobebSi, bunebrivia, saqarTvelos radio ver iqneboda sruluflebiani ganmgebeli informaciisa da Tavis mTavar daniSnulebas — informaciul funqcias nawilobriv Tu asrulebda. qarTveli msmeneli ver iRebda obieqtur da srulfasovan informacias qveyanaSi da mis farglebs gareT mimdinare movlenebze. yvela faqti da movlena, romelic xelisuflebisTvis arasasurveli iyo, sainformacio saSualebebisTvis arc arsebobda. ase magaliTad, radios arc erTi sityva ar uTqvams 1956 wlis martSi stalinis pirovnebis kultis kritikis sawinaaRmdegod TbilisSi axalgazrdobis masobriv gamosvlebze (rac arsebiTad erovnuli Tavmoyvareobis dacva ufro iyo), romelic samxedro Zalebis gamoyenebiT CaaxSes da sakmao msxverplic mohyva. xolo imisTvis, rom sabWoTa msmenels ar hqonoda raime alternatiul informaciaSi gansxvavebuli azris gacnobis saSualeba, mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze sistematurad axSobdnen `radiosadgur Tavisuflebis~, `amerikis xmis~, `germanuli talRisa~ da bevri sxva ucxouri radiosadguris gadacemebs (rac, albaT, aranakleb saxsrebs moiTxovda, vidre TviTon maTi momzadeba). saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis xerxemals warmoadgenda propagandistuli mauwyebloba, romlis daniSnuleba iyo mieCqmala winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavse sabWoTa sinamdvilis realuri arsi da Seeqmna sazogadoebrivi azri msoflioSi yvelaze demokratiuli da samarTliani saxelmwifos — sabWoTa kavSiris uZlevelobis Sesaxeb. aseT masalebs socialur-aR96 mzrdelobiTi funqcia ekisreboda da adamianis cnobierebis siRrmiseul fenebze zemoqmedebisaTvis iyo gamiznuli. radio meTodurad axorcielebda kompartiis politikur-ideologiur kurss, sxvadasxva Jurnalisturi formebiT klasobrivi poziciebidan ganmartavda mas da cdilobda am Tvalsazrisis WeSmaritebaSi msmenelis darwmunebas, rasac nawilobriv aRwevda kidec. `brZola kapitalizmsa da socializms Soris midis ara marto ekonomikisa da politikis sferoSi, aramed ideologiis frontzec. kapitalistebi cdiloben moaxvion msoflios TavianTi mgluri ideologia, romelic dafuZnebulia sxva xalxebis damonebasa da dakabalebaze. aseT pirobebSi didi Zalaa marqsizm-leninizmis ideebis propaganda, Cveni mowinave ideologiis propaganda. swored aseTi mZlavri saSualeba aris umanZilo da uqaRaldo gazeTi. saqarTvelos radiokomiteti ganuxrelad axorcielebs am amocanis Sesrulebas~1 — aseTi suliskveTebiT iyo STagonebuli radios propagandistuli mauwyeblobis mTeli saqmianoba. saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis propagandis redaqcia, erTi mxriv, farTod aSuqebda socialisturi mSeneblobis Teoriul sakiTxebs, rasac socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi daniSnuleba hqonda, da, meore mxriv, axali xuTwliani gegmebis Sedegebis CvenebiT, teqnikisa da mecnierebis miRwevebis popularizaciiT xels uwyobda partiisa da xelisuflebis mier dasaxuli ekonomikuri politikis praqtikul realizacias. amasTan, Tu omamdel periodSi radios saganmanaTleblo daniSnuleba ZiriTadad muSur-glexuri auditoriis ganviTarebas isaxavda miznad, omis Semdgom sazogadoebis ganaTlebis done SedarebiT amaRlda da igi sxvadasxva asakisa da jgufis adamianebis interesebs daukavSirda. upirveles yovlisa, radios funqcia ganisazRvreboda mTavrobisa da partiis mier dasaxuli amocanebis farTo axsna-ganmartebiT, ris safuZvelsac marqsizm-leninizmis moZRvreba warmoadgenda. amitom yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo marqsizm-leninizmis klasikosTa nawarmoebTa popularizaciaze. wlebis ganmavlobaSi eTer1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 106, gv. 1. 97 Si JRerda gadacemaTa cikli `marqsizm-leninizmis Teoriis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~, sadac leqciebisa Tu saubrebis formiT Suqdeboda Temebi socialisturi revoluciis wanamZRvrebze, proletariatis diqtaturaze, kapitalizmidan socializmze gadasvlis kanonzomierebebze da a.S. kviraSi erTxel dagegmili iyo ciklebi `istmatis da diamatis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~ da `politskolebis msmenelTa dasaxmareblad~. eTerSi sistematurad ismoda Teoriuli xasiaTis gadacemebi: `ssrk saxelmwifo wyoba~, `darCeba Tu ara saxelmwifo komunizmis dros~, `Sroma komunistur sazogadoebaSi~ da a.S. amis paralelurad, ra Tqma unda, radioprogramebis mudmivi Temebi iyo mowinave saamqroebis, ubnebis, muSaTa da komkavSiruli brigadebis gamocdilebis Cveneba, maTi Tavdauzogavi brZola gegmebis SesrulebisaTvis, mowinave teqnikisa da ekonomikis miRwevebis danergva sawarmoebSi da sxv. radios propagandistuli mauwyeblobis upirveles movaleobas warmoadgenda partiisa da mTavrobis dadgenilebebisa da sxva dokumentebis gavrceleba farTo masebSi: yoveli axali samTavrobo dadgenileba Tu yrilobis masalebi, sxdomis angariSebi da oqmebi operatiulad iTargmneboda da gadaicemoda qarTul enaze. eTeri gadatvirTuli iyo uamravi masaliT partiuli, profkavSiruli, komkavSiruli Tu sxva organizaciebis sxvadasxva RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb. praqtikaSi dainerga am dokumentebis ganmarteba, maTi mniSvnelobis propaganda koleqtiuri gamoxmaurebebis formiT, sadac aucileblad unda dafiqsirebuliyo mSromelebis mowoneba da aRfrTovaneba. radio sistematurad ukveTavda respublikis sxvadasxva raionebis partiuli komitetebis mdivnebs, adgilobrivi sabWoebis aRmaskomis Tavmjdomareebs, ministrebsa da sxva Tanamdebobis pirebs masalebs, sadac gaSuqebuli unda yofiliyo adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebis saqmianoba da maTi roli socialistur mSeneblobaSi. TiTqmis yvela raionis xelmZRvaneli gamodioda mikrofonTan aseTi saubriT. didi yuradReba eqceoda adgilobrivi radiokvanZebis muSaobas, regionuli radiomauwyeblobis ganviTarebas. `Zireuli gadacemebi~, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, ewyoboda ara mar98 to did qalaqebSi, aramed raionul centrebSic. radiokomitetSi ukve 30-iani wlebis meore naxevridan arsebobda Zireul gadacemaTa seqtori, xolo 40-iani wlebidan erTxans komitetis Tavmjdomares specialuri moadgilec ki hyavda adgilobrivi mauwyeblobis dargSi (1943-1952 wlebSi es Tanamdeboba vaxtang ZamaSvils ekava). gansakuTrebiT mobilizebuli iyo radio arCevnebis periodSi da specialur gegmas adgenda mis gasaSuqeblad. yoveli arCevnebis dros meordeboda ciklebi: `deputati xalxis msaxuria~, `konsultaciebi amomrCevlebs~, `amomrCevelTa dasaxmareblad~. 1950 wlidan damkvidrda axali cikli `amomrCevelTa werilebi TavianT kandidatebze~. saarCevno kampaniis win didi muSaoba CaRdeboda burJuaziul samyaros winaaRmdeg da farTo asparezi eZleoda iseT masalebs, sadac gakritikebuli iyo kapitalisturi qveynebis, gansakuTrebiT ki amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, inglisisa da safrangeTis saarCevno sistemebi. gadaicemoda saubrebi saTaurebiT: `rogor irCeven aSSSi xelisuflebis adgilobriv organoebs~, `vis emsaxurebian aSS-Si demokratiuli da respublikuri partiebi~, `TurqeTis glexobis dabeCavebuli mdgomareoba~ da sxva. xolo, maT sapirispirod, gadaicemoda: `sabWoTa saxelmwifo — axali umaRlesi tipis saxelmwifo~, `sabWoTa saarCevno sistema yvelaze demokratiulia msoflioSi~, `sabWoTa moqalaqeebis ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobani~ da sxv. informaciis yvelaze masobrivi saSualeba yvelafers akeTebda, rom totalitaruli saxelmwifo demokratiul qveynad warmoesaxa. saqarTvelos radio did adgils uTmobda mowinave gamocdilebisa da agronomiul mecnierebaTa miRwevebis propagandas, sabWoTa meurneobebisa da kolmeurneobebis warmatebebis gaSuqebas. aq gamoiyeneboda umetesad adgilobrivi masala da `sakavSiro radiokomitetis gadacemebis wili masSi mxolod 20%-s Seadgenda. es gadacemebi mzaddeboda saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministros sasoflo-sameurneo propagandis ganyofilebasTan mWidro kavSirSi~.1 eTerSi sistematurad ganixileboda saagitacio muSaoba soflad, sakolme1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 138, gv. 72. 99 urneo mSeneblobebi, saxelmwifo valdebulebaTa Sesruleba, agroteqnikis danergva, miCurinuli swavleba da sxv. didi sasoflo-sameurneo kampaniebis dros, `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebebSi gadaicemoda informaciebi warmatebebis Sesaxeb da xSirad mTeli sainformacio gamoSveba eZRvneboda ama Tu im raionisa Tu romelime dargis muSakTa miRwevebs. xuT dReSi erTxel gadaicemoda informaciebi sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoTa mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, romlebic Sedgenili iyo `soflis meurneobis saministros operatiuli cnobebis mixedviT da aseve saqdesidan miRebuli masalebis safuZvelze~.1 sxvaTa Soris, xSirad saqdesidan mowodebuli informaciebi ufro maRali profesiuli doniT gamoirCeoda, vidre TviT redaqciis mier momzadebuli masalebi. 1950 wlis bolos, ssrk ministrTa sabWos mier miRebulma dadgenilebebma, romlebmac gansazRvres soflis meurneobis grZelvadiani ganviTarebis programa, seriozuli amocanebi daakisra radiomauwyeblobas da gansakuTrebiT, soflis meurneobis redaqcias. respublikis sakuTari puriT uzrunvelyofis, Caisa da mecxoveleobis warmoebis gegmebis propagandam ZiriTadi adgili daikava radioprogramebSi. soflis meurneobis redaqciam muSaobaSi aqtiurad Caaba sasoflo-sameurneo institutis, samecniero-kvleviTi institutebis, sxvadasxva raionebis soflis meurneobis dargis specialistebi, mts-is muSakebi. sistematurad gadaicemoda masalebi rubrikebiT: `agronomis rCeva-darigebani~, `zooteqnikosis rCevani~, romlebic, Cveulebriv, win uswrebda morigi kampaniebis dawyebas soflad. es iyo Teoriuli xasiaTis masalebi, ufro sworad, soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis gankuTvnili konsultaciebi. amaze saTaurebic metyvelebs: `saTesle kartofilis Senaxva zamTarSi~, `rogor movuaroT naTesebs~, `sasuqis gamoyenebis da Senaxvis wesi~, `rogor movuaroT batkans dabadebis pirvel dReebSi~ da a.S. amave wlidan soflis meurneobis redaqciam daiwyo gadacemaTa cikli `msoflios rukasTan~, sadac gadaicemoda saubrebi sxvadasxva qveynis soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis per1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 105, gv. 138. 100 speqtivebze. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis centrSi iyo saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis, kerZod, koreisa da CineTis saxalxo meurneobis mdgomareoba, maTi mSromelebis cxovrebis gaSuqeba. am masalebs sakavSiro radiokomiteti gzavnida. soflis meurneobis sakiTxebis paralelurad gaumjobesda mrewvelobisa da transportis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba. jer kidev 1946 wlis radiokomitetis recenziaSi aRniSnuli iyo, rom `mrewvelobis sakiTxebze komiteti ver akmayofilebs msmenelTa moTxovnebs, arc ki arsebobs iseTi ganyofileba, rogoricaa `samrewvelo Temebi~ an `mrewvelobis muSakTaTvis~, rogorc Cans, komitetis partiuli organizacia saTanado yuradRebas ver uTmobs mSromelTa, specialistTa mobilizaciaSi im amocanebis gadaWras, rac dgas respublikis mrewvelobis winaSe~.1 1951 wlis seqtemberSi Seiqmna mrewvelobisa da transportis redaqcia da radioprogramebSi mrewvelobisa da transportis Tematikas sistemuri xasiaTi mieca. soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis muSakebis SromiT warmatebebs sistematur popularizacias uwevda gadacemaTa ciklebi `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~ da `socialisturi Sejibrebis dRiuri~, sadac mudmivad gamodiodnen mikrofonTan damkvreluri Sromis mowinaveni da auditorias paTetikuri da `amaRlebuli~ teqstiT uziarebdnen, Tu ra meTodebiTa da xerxebiT aRwevdnen warmatebebs. eTerSi ismoda: `rogor mivaRwie simindis uxvi mosavlis moyvanas — socialisturi Sromis gmiris Zuku rogavas gamosvla~, `Cemi gamocdileba Saqris Warxlis aRebaSi — mergolur maria maradaSvilis gamosvla~, `meabreSume lola kobaxiZis saubari Tanamosaqme meabreSume qalebTan~ da a.S. `1949 wlis II naxevarSi mikrofonTan gamocdilebis gaziarebiT gamovida 5 socialisturi Sromis gmiri da 116 mts-is direqtori da sabWoTa meurneobisa da kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare~,2 — aRiniSneboda saangariSo moxsenebaSi. aseT gamosvlebSi uSualoba da gulwrfeloba naklebad igrZnoboda da ufro xSirad, maRalfardovani, mSromeli adamianisaTvis Seuferebeli metyvelebiT xasiaTdeboda. 1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. I, saq. 186, gv. 144. iqve, saq. 102, gv. 73. 101 yoveldRe 30 wuTi eTmoboda mecnierebisa da teqnikis miRwevebis propagandas. garda Targmnili masalebisa, gadaicemoda respublikis wamyvani mecnierebis, kvleviTi institutebis direqtorebisa da TanamSromlebis radiosaubrebi. didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda antireligiur propagandas. saqarTvelos radio farTod iyenebda samecniero-popularuli broSurebidan, aseve sakavSiro Tu respublikuri Jurnal-gazeTebidan amokrefil masalebs da maTi montaJis safuZvelze amzadebda egreT wodebul `kompilaciebs~, romlebSic dasaxelebuli iyo wyaroebic. calkeul masalaSi umetesad erTi wyaro gamoiyeneboda. magaliTad: `gakeTebulia k.f. filimonovis broSuridan~, an `gakeTebulia `socialistiCeskoe zemledeliedan~ da a.S. aseTi kompilaciebi gadaicemoda 1945-1949 wlebSi da maTSi, Cveulebriv, iwereboda honorari, rogorc originalur gadacemaSi. am formas yvela redaqcia iyenebda, magram yvelaze intensiurad soflis meurneobisa. TandaTanobiT gamoCnda ukve komentirebuli kompilaciebi, romelSic masalebi miznobrivad iyo SerCeuli saqarTveloSi arsebuli problematikis gaTvaliswinebiT da gamokveTili iyo avtoris poziciac. am tipis masalebs mxolod radioJurnalistebi amzadebdnen (a. qadagiSvili, e. gogiava, a. kekeliZe da sxvebi). am kompilaciebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda radiomimoxilvis Janri da 50-iani wlebidan termini `kompilacia~ gaqra programebidan. 40-iani wlebis Suaxanebidan radioprogramebSi damkvidrda korespondencia, romelSic mTavari iyo faqtebisa Tu movlenebis avtoriseuli analizi. rubrikiT `korespondentis naambobi~ soflis meurneobis redaqcia ZiriTadad radiokorespondenciis Janrs mimarTavda da misi moculoba ar aRemateboda 4-5 wuTs: `geguTeli axalgazrda kolmeurneebi~, `sofeli kazreTi Zvelad da axla~, `axalgazrda meavtomobileebi~, `uxvi mosavlisaTvis brZolaSi~ da a.S. msgavsi saTaurebiT gadatvirTuli iyo radioeTeri. mniSvnelovani sasoflo-sameurneo Tu samrewvelo movlenebis gasaSuqeblad yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneboda radioreportaJi, romelic Tavdapirvelad, gansakuTrebiT omamdel periodSi translaciebi ufro iyo da radioJurnalistis ro102 lic naklebad Canda. omis Semdgom, magnitofonis praqtikaSi danergvisa da radios materialur-teqnikuri pirobebis gaumjobesebis Semdeg, reportaJi-translaciebi gascda lokalur farglebs da misi moqmedebis areali gaxda ara mxolod speqtaklebiviT mowyobili sazeimo RonisZiebebi, aramed Tavad kolmeurneoba Tu sabWoTa meurneoba, sawarmoo-dawesebuleba Tu mTeli sofeli da raionic. aq radioJurnalistebsac SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamovlenis meti SesaZlebloba miecaT, movlenaTa uSualo mxilvelebi da Tanamonawileebi Tavadve uZRvebodnen radioreportaJebs da pirdapir eTerSi maT profesiul ostatobaze bevrad iyo damokidebuli `daswrebis efeqtis~ Seqmna da msmenelebis Sesabamisi reaqciis gamowveva. radioreportaJebis qronometraJi xSirad erT saaTsac ki aWarbebda. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia radioreportaJi `ganaxlebuli mesxeTi ssrk sabWoTa arCevnebis win~, `rusTavis CiraRdnebi~, `Zveli da axali sofeli~ (sofel natanebis magaliTze) da sxv. radioreportaJis struqtura ZiriTadad erT Sablons emorCileboda. upirveles yovlisa, masSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda yofiliyo monawileTa socialuri da klasobrivi mdgomareoba. misi monawile unda yofiliyo glexi da muSa, kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare Tu sabWoTa meurneobis direqtori, klubis gamge, komkavSiruli Tu partiuli muSakebi da, bolos, `damagvirgvinebeli~ — raikomis mdivnis Semajamebeli azri, romelic aucileblad komunisturi partiisa da sabWoTa xelisuflebis samadlobeli sityvebiT unda dasrulebuliyo. aseTi iyo radioreportaJis savaldebulo sqema da xSirad mas Tan axlda simRerebi adgilobrivi TviTmoqmedi koleqtivebis SesrulebiT, rasac saerTo ganwyobileba kidev ufro unda aemaRlebina. radioreportaJSi farTod gamoiyeneboda dialogi movlenis uSualo monawileebTan, rac met sandoobasa da emociur muxts matebda gadacemas. sailustraciod gamodgeba radioreportaJi `mikrofoniT lagodexis raionis mSromelebTan~ (avt. e. gogiava. gadaica 1955 wlis 27 noembers).1 Jurnalisti kaxuri `mravalJamieris~ fonze miuyveba `maraosebr gadaS1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 294a, gv. 1. 103 lil alaznis vels~ da tkbeba kaxeTis mSvenieri bunebiT. `Turme aq yofila cnobili gelaTis saxelis moziare sofeli, me ki es ar vicodi~, — wamoiZaxebs gaocebuli Jurnalisti da Semdeg `wesisamebr~ iwyebs saubars gelaTeli glexis duxWir cxovrebaze revoluciamdel periodSi da romelsac mxolod sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg eRirsa bedniereba. Jurnalisti esaubreba glexebs, partiul muSakebs, komkavSirlebs, raikomis mdivans da gvixatavs gelaTeli mSromelebis cxovrebisa da saqmianobis erT dRes. reportaJSi CarTulia xalxuri leqsebi da simRerebi. omis Semdgom radiogadacemebis esTetikur samoselze zrunvam didad Seuwyo xeli mxatvrul-publicisturi Janrebis Camoyalibebas da, kerZod, radionarkvevisa da radiokompoziciis damkvidrebas, romelsac didi warmatebiT mimarTavdnen omamdeli periodis rogorc mxatvruli, ise sazogadoebriv-politikuri redaqciebi. saerTod, radionarkvevis gamoCenam saintereso gaxada radio, gantvirTa mZime saubrebisa da Teoriuli sagazeTo statiebisgan, ufro mxatvruli da emociuri elferi mianiWa politikur mauwyeblobasac. Tavdapirvelad, radionarkvevis saxelwodebiT gadaicemoda radioreportaJic da radiomontaJic, magram 50-ian wlebSi sakavSiro radiokomitetma da, Sesabamisad, respublikurma radioebmac seriozuli yuradReba miaqcies Janrobriv Taviseburebebs, saTanado samecniero literaturac gamoCnda Jurnalistikis dargSi da radioJanrebis specifikac Camoyalibda. gansakuTrebuli popularoba moipova portretulma radionarkvevma, romelic intensiurad gamoiyeneboda e.w. axali adamianis — sabWoTa cxovrebis mSenebeli adamianis warmosaCenad da mtkiced damkvidrda saqarTvelos radios programaSi. 50-iani wlebis radionarkvevebis Seswavla srul warmodgenas gvaZlevs am periodis stereotipebis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor iqmneboda, iZerweboda axali adamiani, axali drois gmiri da rogor yalibdeboda sabWouri miTebi. sabWoTa radionarkvevis gmiri aucileblad SromiT ferxulSi unda yofiliyo Cabmuli — igi an dazgasTan unda mdgariyo, an mSeneblobaze, an mindorSi muxlCauxrelad eSroma. am mxriv, iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, yvela narkvevis gmiri TiTqmis erTmaneTs hgavda da ase iqmne104 boda `SromiT gaumaZRari adamianis tipi~, romelsac piraduli araferi gaaCnda da mxolod socialisturi saxelmwifos interesebi, komunisturi ideebi asuldgmulebda. aseTi adamianebis Cveneba zogierT narkvevSi realobis sazRvrebs imdenad scildeboda, rom komikur elfers iZenda. amis erT-erTi magaliTia radionarkvevi `mTavrobis wevri~ (avtori e. gogiava, gadaica 1946 w. 8 marts): `CvenSi sityva Cai da misi saxeli erTad warmoiTqmis. TiTqos Cais buCqi da igi erT dRes daibada, ise ganuyofelia erTmaneTisagan Cais buCqis davaJkaceba da adamianis zrda. SeiZleba misnobad miviCnioT Cais buCqisa da adamianis megobroba, magram ucxoeTidan gadmonergilma Cais buCqma da zugdidelma qsenia sarsaniam ise Seicnes da Seiyvares erTmaneTi, rom maTi damokidebuleba uaxloes naTesaur urTierTobas mogvagonebs~.1 Cais buCqze Seyvarebulma qsenia sarsaniam ki, rogorc narkvevidan Cans, saocari ram SeZlo, socSejibrebaSi gamowveul `luba SengeliasTan Sejibrebisas man 8 kg. Cais foTlis normis nacvlad mokrifa 60 kg. Cais foToli~, xolo `1940 wlis erT dRes imdeni Cai mokrifa, rom misi dRiuri Sromis nayofi ver daZra samtonianma avtomanqanam~. saerTod, faqtebis aseTi hiperbolizacia obieqtur sinamdviles amaxinjebda da gmiris gaidealebuli saxe yalbad da sasacilodac ki warmoCindeboda, magram es dResaa Rimilis gamomwvevi, maSindel sazogadoebaSi ki, rogorc Cans, sasurvel Sedegsac aRwevda da didi mowonebiTac sargeblobda. kidev erTi nimuSi aseTi radionarkvevisa, `ordenosani muSa qali elene beriZe~ (avtori v. sirbilaZe, gadaica 1947 wlis 7 marts): `kmayofili elene Sesvenebis Semdeg momRimari agrZelebs muSaobas. iRebs papirosebs yuTidan da kolofSi awyobs. Tvals ver moaswrebT misi TiTebis moZraobas. mere gana Secdeba elene. yovelTvis 25 cal papiross amoiRebs yuTidan da gaavsebs kolofs. misTvis sulerTia, ra xarisxis iqneba papirosi, `niavi~ Tu `lelo~, `rekordi~ Tu `sporti~. igi gamalebiT awyobs papiross yuTSi da fiqrobs, rom warmatebiT Sexvdes sabWoTa xelisuflebis 25 wlisTavs, ordenic miiRos da axla TavdadebiT unda ibrZolos, rom kvlav warmatebiT 1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 50, gv. 90. 105 Sexvdes 8 marts~.1 ai, aseTi `SemoqmedebiTi~ xerxebiT xdeboda pirovnebis portretis Seqmna. im periodis radionarkvevebis kompoziciac TiTqmis erTgvarovani iyo. rogorc wesi, iwyeboda im saamqrosa Tu kolmeurneobisken mimavali gzis aRweriT, sadac gmiri moqmedebda. zogjer avtors imdenad itacebda garemos aRwera, rom gmiris portretis magivrad, maRalfardovani winadadebebi da SiSveli cifrebi ismoda eTerSi. radionarkvevSi ufro xSirad gamoiyeneboda kontrastis meTodi, romelic Zvelisa da axlis dapirispirebaSi vlindeboda, usixarulo warsuli, revoluciamdeli epoqa da bednieri awmyo da momavali — revoluciis monapovari. warsulisadmi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba da Tanamedroveobis gaidealeba xSirad narkvevis gmiris mier iyo gadmocemuli mogonebebis saxiT. magaliTad, a. kekeliZis radionarkvevi `Cvens sofelSi~ (gadaica 1946 w. 2 marts) mTlianad kontrastebzea agebuli: `me aTi wlis viyavi, roca mamaCemma mwyemsad damayena Tavad amilaxvarTan. umiwobam aiZula mamaCemi ase moqceuliyo. Cvens sofelSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebamde 1 590 ha miwa iyo. es cota ar iyo, magram aqedan ZiriTadi nawili ekuTvnoda sam Tavads. sofelSi wera-kiTxvis mcodneni TiTze CamosaTvlelni iyvnen, glexis Svilebi skolaSi ver dadiodnen, ar hqondaT fexsacmeli, wignebi... axla ki sofelSi 4 saSualo skolaa, Zvelad sofelSi Tu erTi umaRlesdamTavrebuli iyo, axla arian profesorebic, eqimebic, arqiteqtorebic~.2 gmiris xasiaTis gadmosacemad efeqturad miaCndaT paralelizmebisa da asociaciebis siWarbe, romelic kargad Cans, magaliTad, v. Torduas radionarkvevSi `meore eSeloni~ (gadaica 1950 w. 14 dekembers). `me vnaxe igi revolverul dazgasTan muSaobis dros. beriSvilis es raRac enTuziazmiT daxra dazgaze miviCnie velikie lukisTan daRupuli metyviamfrqvevis kolia simonovis saqmis gagrZelebad, roca simonovs tyviam komkavSiruli bileTis gavliT gulSi gauara, mis komkavSirul bileTze ewera: `movkvdebi, magram ukan ar davixev~. Zneli saqme iyo uTuod, magram arc komkavSirel beriSvils dauxevia ukan, 23 noembers 1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 50, gv. 86. iqve, gv. 8. 106 SromiT frontze aTasi cali WanWiki Caabara samSoblos~.1 radionarkvevSi socialuri movlenis gaxsnisTvis Jurnalistebi sxvadasxva radioJanrebis elementebsac iyenebdnen, yvelaze metad ki intervius, dialogis formas, rac met damajereblobas matebda gadacemas. mas xSirad mimarTavdnen gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da SromiTi procesebis aRweris mizniT. garda dialoguri epizodisa, xSirad mTeli radionarkvevi dialogis formiT iyo gaazrebuli da uxvad igrZnoboda dialeqtebisa da kuTxuri metyvelebis siWarbe. aseve, radionarkvevebis erT-erTi struqturuli elementi iyo avtoris `TviTwarmoCena~, radionarkvevSi Txroba pirvel pirSi mimdinareobda da Jurnalists meti saSualeba eZleoda ufro Tavisuflad da uSualod gamoexata Tavisi damokidebuleba gmirisadmi. rac Seexeba finals, igi yovelTvis sadRegrZelosaviT mTavrdeboda da msmenelSi mxolod momavlis rwmena da imediani guneba-ganwyoba unda gamoewvia. mag.: `gaumarjos Cvens samSoblos, Cvens sayvarel, Cvens mSobel partias, gaumarjos mSvidobas mTel msoflioSi~,2 an kidev: `miRwevebi, romelic didi stalinis xelmZRvanelobiT movipoveT, yvela mSromels aRafrTovanebs da erTsulovnad vambobT: didxans icocxlos Cvenma mamam da maswavlebelma mSobliurma stalinma. gaumarjos marqsis, leninis, stalinis diad droSas mTels msoflioSi~.3 magram, miuxedavad am naklovanebebisa, radionarkvevis gamoCenam bevri ram Secvala radioJurnalistikaSi da xatovanebisa da dokumenturobis Serwymis saSualebiT msmeneli ufro daainteresa da daiaxlova. omis Semdgom radioSi Zalian popularuli gaxda radiokompozicia, romelsac safuZveli literaturulma montaJma Cauyara. igi aerTianebda radios yvela gamosaxviT saSualebas — sityvas, musikas, xmaurs da montaJs. gamoikveTa ori saxis radiokompozicia: literaturul-musikaluri, romelic musikis, leqsebis, zogjer ki sxva mxatvruli teqstis monacvleobiT emociuri mosasmeni iyo da mxatvrul-dokumenturi ra1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 152, gv. 36. iqve, saq. 296, gv. 44. 3 iqve, saq. 11, gv. 5. 2 107 diokompozicia, romelSic dokumentur teqsts mxatvruli elementebic emateboda. dRes Zneli saTqmelia, rogor JRerda isini eTerSi, radgan audioCanawerebi ar SemorCenila. radiokompoziciiT Suqdeboda mniSvnelovani politikuri RonisZiebebi da kampaniebi, sazeimo TariRebi da iubileebi. mag.: `xma 16 respublikidan~, `samxreT oseTi dRes~, `leningradis daarsebis 250 wlisTavi~, `rusTavis CiraRdnebi~ da sxv. radiokompozicias, rogorc wesi, ori diqtori uZRveboda, qali da mamakaci, romlebic SenacvlebiT kiTxulobdnen dokumentur teqstsa da leqsebs. mxatvruli nawilis wasakiTxad xSirad iwvevdnen msaxiobebsac. aseTi kompoziciebis momzadebaSi radios TiTqmis mTeli SemoqmedebiTi da teqnikuri personali monawileobda. Tematuri da Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda mauwyeblobis iseTi forma, rogoric iyo radioJurnali. jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi radiogazeTisa da Semdgom radioJurnalis gamoCena radioprogramebSi beWduri sityvis gavleniT iyo ganpirobebuli da struqturuladac misi niSnebiT xasiaTdeboda. orive warmatebiT iyenebda mxatvruli gamosaxvis xerxebsac da mimarTavda gamosaxviTi saSualebebis mravalferovan arsenals. radioJurnalSi ZiriTadad informaciuli Janrebi gamoiyeneboda: informaciuli SeniSvna, angariSi, reportaJi, mikrofonTan gamosvla da mimoxilva. iSviaTad — korespondencia, interviu da Canaxati. radioJurnalis siuJetebs Soris kavSiri xorcieldeboda musikaluri tixariT an gongis xmiT. musika ufro ilustraciis funqcias asrulebda da emociur da xalisian elfers aniWebda gadacemas. radioJurnalSi xSirad mimarTavdnen firze Caweras, studiaSi iwvevdnen msaxiobebs, mwerlebsa da momRerlebs. radioJurnals amzadebdnen rogorc mxatvrul gadacemaTa, ise politikuri redaqciebi. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos `radioJurnali soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~, romelic mtkice ganrigiT gamoirCeoda da gadaicemoda TveSi erTxel 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. sailustraciod, Janrobrivi TvalsazrisiT, ganvixiloT erT-erTi radioJurnali `soflis 108 meurneobis muSakTaTvis~, romelic 1950 wlis 17 dekembers gadaica adgilobrivi sabWoebis arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT. reportaJi — `dila sofel bodoganSi. kolmeurneebi xmas aZleven TavianT kandidatebs~. Canaxati — `revoluciamdeli da revoluciisSemdgomi mdgomareoba soflad~ (gamoyenebuli iyo kontrastebis meTodi da lirikuli CanarTebi). korespondencia — `saqarTvelos glexoba Zmur ojaxSi~. qarTvel, ukrainel da azerbaijanel kolmeurneTa socialisturi Sejibrebis Sedegebis Sejameba. wignis mimoxilva — v. beraZis `milioneri kolmeurneoba~. informaciuli SeniSvnebi 1951 wlis kolmeurneTa kalendris pirveli gamocemis Sesaxeb, kolmeurneTa SromiT warmatebebze da kulturul mSeneblobebze soflad. sportis ambebi.1 siuJetebs Soris CarTuli iyo simRerebi Sromaze, ukrainuli xalxuri simRerebi, leqsebi beriasa da stalinze, bednier sabWoeTze da a.S. radioJurnali, garda soflis meurneobis sakiTxebisa, glexebs im droisaTvis Sesafer saganmanaTleblo informaciasac awvdida da maT Tvalsawiersac afarToebda, rac soflis mosaxleobaSi gadacemis popularobas da radioauditoriis mravalricxovnebasac ganapirobebda. omis Semdgom mxatvruli mauwyeblobis profili ganisazRvra 1946 wlis sakavSiro kp(b) centraluri komitetis 14 agvistos dadgenilebiT `Jurnalebis `zvezdisa~ da `leningradis~ Sesaxeb~, sadac am Jurnalebis redaqciebis muSaoba aradamakmayofileblad iyo Sefasebuli. `uideo da burJuaziuli aristokratiuli esTetobisa da dekadentobis poziciebze gayinuli Zveli salonuri poeziis epigonebad~ iyvnen gamocxadebuli SesaniSnavi mwerlebi mixeil zoSCenko da ana axmatova, romlebsac `ar surT TavianTi xalxis gverdiT iaron da zians ayeneben Cveni axalgazrdobis aRzrdis saqmes~. dadgenilebaSi xazgasmuli iyo, `rom Cveni Jurnalebi unda xelmZRvanelobdnen imiT, rac Seadgens sabWoTa wyobilebis sasicocxlo safuZvels — politikiT~.2 1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 149, gv. 102. partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, gv. 762. 109 aseTi midgoma, ra Tqma unda, vrceldeboda masobrivi informaciisa da propagandis yvela saSualebaze da maT Soris radiomauwyeblobazec. aq imasac Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom qarTul literaturas jer kidev ar hqonda moSuSebuli 1937 wlis represiebiT miyenebuli danaklisi da cocxlad darCenili bevri TvalsaCino Semoqmedi kvlav CrdilSi iyo darCenili, axalma dadgenilebam, romelic saxelmZRvanelo miTiTeba gaxda saqarTvelos radios mxatvruli gadacemebisaTvis, kidev ufro gaarTula sityvakazmuli mwerlobis mdgomareoba radioSi da erTferovani da daStampuli gaxada radiogadacemebi. marTalia, radiokomitetis saangariSo moxsenebebsa Tu oqmebSi sagangebo gulmodginebiT aRiniSneboda, rom am dadgenilebam keTilismyofeli gavlena moaxdina literaturuldramatuli da musikaluri redaqciebis muSaobazeo, magram sinamdvileSi piriqiT xdeboda. saqarTvelos radios mikrofoni mxolod im mwerlebs eTmoboda, romlebic qmnidnen arsebuli wyobilebis sadidebel himnebs, aRfrTovanebiT umRerodnen socialisturi qveynis beladebs, sabWoTa cxovrebis `sikeTes~, brZolas gegmebis SesrulebisaTvis, proletarul internacionalizmsa da sabWoTa xalxTa megobrobas. magram isic unda aRiniSnos, rom miuxedavad mkacri sacenzuro pirobebisa, im periodSi mainc iqmneboda maRali Rirebulebis nawarmoebebi da saqarTvelos radioSic, SeZlebisdagvarad, mainc ismoda qarTveli sasiqadulo mwerlebis xma. radios literaturul-dramatuli redaqciis muSaoba ori kuTxiT warimarTeboda. erTi mxriv, igi mogvevlina rogorc xelovnebis gamavrcelebeli da mxatvruli literaturis propagandisti — Suamavali msmenelsa da mwerals Soris da misi funqcia gamoixateboda xelovnebis reproduqciiT, meore mxriv, man safuZveli Cauyara sakuTar produqciul formebs da Seqmna radioxelovneba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs radioTeatri, romelic Tavisi gamosaxviTi specifikiT — mxolod bgeradobis gamo — xelovnebis damoukidebel saxeobad Camoyalibda, agreTve nawilobriv zepiri literatura da zogierTi musikalur-literaturuli forma. omis Semdgom mxatvruli mauwyeblobis yvela saxe aRdga da ganviTarda, ganaxlda zogi tradiciuli forma, Seiqmna 110 axalic. gaizarda mxatvruli mauwyeblobis moculobac. 1951 wlis monacemebiT, saSualo dReRamuri mauwyeblobidan, romelic 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTs moicavda, oTxi saaTi ekava mxatvrul gadacemebs.1 faqtobrivad, igi Seadgenda mTeli mauwyeblobis TiTqmis naxevars. mxatvruli mauwyebloba aerTianebda literaturul-dramatul da musikalur redaqciebs. musikaluri gadacemebi eTerSi gadioda yoveldRe 21.40 — 22.00 saaTebSi, aqedan kviraSi 2-jer, samSabaTsa da paraskevs gadaicemoda mxatvruli programa rusul enaze saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva erovnebaTa warmomadgenlebisaTvis, romlebsac saSualeba eZleodaT gacnobodnen rusul enaze Targmnil qarTvel mweralTa nawarmoebebs. 1952 wlis 20 ianvars ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli sakavSiro radiokomitetis brZanebaSi `radioSi sabWoTa literaturisa da dramaturgiis gaZlierebis Sesaxeb~ mkacrad iyo miTiTebuli, rom literaturul-dramatuli mauwyeblobis mTavari amocana — es aris mxatvruli literaturis saSualebiT propaganda gauwios partiul da sabWoTa politikas, sabWoTa cxovrebis wess, sabWoTa adamianis maRali moraluri da ideuri Rirsebebis warmoCenas~. aqedan gamomdinare, radios mxatvruli mauwyeblobis muSaobac eTerSi sabWoTa literaturis propagandis gaZlierebiT gamoixata. amas xels isic uwyobda, rom sabWoTa xelisuflebis arsebobis sami aTeuli wlis manZilze sakmao literaturuli memkvidreobac dagrovebuliyo. omis Semdgom elvis siswrafiT iqmneboda socialisturi wyobilebisa da misi sulisCamdgmelebis madidebeli nawarmoebebi. swored maT avtorebs eniWebodaT umaRlesi jildoebi da stalinuri premiis laureatobac. maT exsnebodaT gza presasa da eTerSic. radios literaturul-dramatul gadacemaTa redaqcia rubrikiT `stalinuri premiis laureatebi~ sistematurad uTmobda eTers l. qiaCelis, k. lorTqifaniZis, g. leoniZis, al. WeiSvilis, s. SanSiaSvilis, s. Ciqovanisa da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom bevri Semoqmedis da maT Soris g. tabiZis, g. leoniZis, s. Ci1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 177, gv. 306. 111 qovanis da sxvaTa revoluciamdeli Semoqmedeba saerTod ignorirebuli iyo, TiTqosda arc ki arsebuliyo. ikrZaleboda sentimentaluri wiaRsvlebi, sevda-kaeSani, pesimizmi. saqarTvelos radio dafdafebisa da vaSas Zaxilis tribunad iyo gadaqceuli, rac bunebrivia, Tavis uaryofiT gavlenas axdenda msmenelis literaturuli gemovnebis Camoyalibebazec. asrulebda ra Tavis esTetikur funqcias, radios mxatvrul gadacemaTa redaqcia operatiulad exmianeboda yoveli axali nawarmoebis gamoCenas, Tu igi Seesabameboda socialisturi realizmis principebs. mravali gadacema mieZRvna stalinuri premiis laureats al. WeiSvilsa da mis romans `lelos~, romelic sakolmeurneo cxovrebas asaxavda da aRfrTovanebiT uambobda mkiTxvelebs respublikis meCaieebis warmatebebze. aseve didi xmauriT aRiniSna leo qiaCelis romanebi `mTis kaci~ da `gvadi bigva~, g. leoniZis `stalini. bavSvoba da yrmoba~, al. quTaTelis `pirispir~, k. lorTqifaniZis `imereTi~ (Semdgom rom `kolxeTis ciskari~ ewoda) da sxv. ganaxlda da ufro daixvewa rubrika `qarTuli klasikuri memkvidreoba~. programaSi mudmivi adgili hqonda damkvidrebuli rusTvelis `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxvas da warmatebiT grZeldeboda 30-ian wlebSi dawyebuli tradicia. bevri axalgazrda mxatvruli kiTxvis ostati warmoaCina radiom. 1948 wels radiom farTod aRniSna aleqsandre yazbegis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi. gadaica saubrebi mis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze, rubrikiT `mxatvruli kiTxva~ — nawyvetebi al. yazbegis nawarmoebebidan, moTxrobebis `elberdisa~ da `cicias~ radioinscenirebebi, rusTavelisa da marjaniSvilis saxelobis Teatrebidan `qeTevan wamebulisa~ da `moZRvaris~ translaciebi. TiTqmis yoveldRe ismoda eTerSi qarTveli klasikosebis nawarmoebebi, magram garkveuli SezRudviT. uxvad gadaicemoda carizmis mamxilebeli Txzulebebi, magram, sadac Tanamedroveobisadmi negatiuri qveteqstebi igulisxmeboda, an, ubralod, Cinovnikebs ase eCvenebodaT, isini radioprogramebSi adgils ver poulobda. magaliTad, al yazbegis nawarmoebebi montaJdeboda imisda mixedviT, rom `ar gaparuliyo~ rusebis kicxva. aseTi iyo egnate ninoSvilis, ilias, akakis da sxvaTa 112 nawarmoebebisadmi damokidebuleba. faqtobrivad, qarTuli klasikuri memkvidreoba warmodgenili iyo calmxrivad da tendenciurad. ZiriTadi yuradReba eqceoda nawarmoebTa socialur mxares da ikrZaleboda mkveTrad gamoxatuli erovnuli suliskveTeba, nacionaluri ganwyoba, romelic SovinizmTan iyo gaigivebuli. radioprogramaSi savaldebulo iyo `moZme~ respublikebis literaturisa da xelovnebis popularizacia internacionalizmis ukiduresi gafetiSebiT. umetesad, es Seexeboda azerbaijanisa da somxeTis literaturul cxovrebas. yuradRebis centrSi ki, upirveles yovlisa, idga rusuli mwerloba, rogorc klasikuri, ise Tanamedrove, anu sabWoTa mwerlobis propaganda. sistematurad gadaicemoda a. puSkinis, m. lermontovis, n. gogolis, l. tolstois, vl. maiakovskis, m. gorkisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebi. saerTod, unda aRiniSnos is uaryofiTi tendencia, romelic yovelgvari rusulis mimarT gadaWarbebul qedis moxraSi vlindeboda. gaidealebuli internacionalizmis xarjze erTob mkrTalad gamoiyureboda qarTuli mwerlobis warsulica da Tanamedroveobac. pirdapir aRiniSneboda, rom `qarTuli literatura, romelsac mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs, Znelad iqceoda savsebiT evropis literaturad didi rusi xalxis literaturis daxmarebis gareSe~,1 `dRes sabWoTa literatura ufro popularulia, vidre romelime sxva literatura~.2 arc evropul literaturas `eridebodnen~ da saqveynod acxadebdnen `rusul literaturas msoflio kulturis mwvervalad~ da rom `simRera rolandze~ uferulia kievis ruseTSi Seqmnil brwyinvale poemasTan SedarebiT~ (saubaria `igoris laSqrobaze~).3 aseTi pompezuri, SeiZleba iTqvas, yovelgvar zomebs gadaWarbebuli Sefasebebi ara mxolod omisSemdgomi mxatvruli mauwyeblobisaTvisaa tipuri, aramed imdroindeli xelovnebis yvela sferosaTvis da igi sabWoTa saxelmwifos kulturuli politikis mTavari mimarTuleba iyo. yvelaferi, rac 1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 298, gv. 17. iqve. 3 iqve, gv. 10. 2 113 rusul da sabWoTa kulturas eZRvneboda, siamovnebiT gadaicemoda, maSin, roca redaqcia uars ambobda, magaliTad, programaSi Seetana masala SesaniSnav qarTvel mkvlevarze vaxuSti bagrationze. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo arqivSi daculia saintereso masala, romelic TvalnaTliv cxadyofs redaqciis sakmaod mfrTxal, ufro sworad, uprincipo damokidebulebas erovnuli faseulobebisadmi. redaqciaSi g. zardaliSvilis avtorobiT Semosul masalas `vaxuSti bagrationi~ redaqtoris Semdegi warwera `amSvenebs~: `amx. vaxtang, g. zardaliSvilis statia `vaxuSti bagrationi~ mecnieruli kvleviTi werilia. avtori ganixilavs vaxuStis mecnierul moRvaweobas, ra naSromebi hqonda, rodis da ramdeni atlasi da ruka Seadgina. miuxedavad imisa, rom statia kargi eniT aris dawerili, ramdenad aris mizanSewonili radioTi misi gadacema, redaqciam ver gadawyvita. gTxovT daskvnas~ (k. egutia). iqvea mTavari redaqtoris minaweric: `daskvna — geTanxmebiT — 1956~.1 am nimuSidanac kargad Cans is SiSnarevi atmosfero, romelic aiZulebda radiomuSakebs saqarTvelos istoriuli warsulisa da misi mamuliSvilebis RvawlisaTvis zogjer eWvis TvaliTac ki SeexedaT. samagierod, radio siamayiT acnobda msmenels vinme al. sulakaZes, rusuli kulturisa da istoriis mkvlevars (avtori T. Ciqovani, 1956), romelic saqarTvelodan gahyolia vaxtang meeqvses da peterburgSi samudamod darCenils mTeli Tavisi energia Seulevia rusuli mecnierebisTvis.2 adamianTa cnobierebaSi msoflioSi `yvelaze demokratiuli da samarTliani saxelmwifos~ stereotipis Seqmnas uwyobda xels sazRvargareTis literaturuli cxovrebis tendenciuri warmoCenac. cikliT `sazRvargareTis progresuli literatura~ gadaicemoda im mwerlebis nawarmoebebi, romlebic ideologiuri TvalsazrisiT sabWoTa mTavrobis politikas exmianeboda da sadac naCvenebi iyo sazRvargareTis qveynebis Raribi fenebis mZime socialuri mdgomareoba da protesti kapitalisturi sistemis winaaRmdeg. 1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 319, gv. 18. iqve, gv. 42. 114 aseTive principiT irCeoda sazRvargareTis klasikis nimuSebic — a. dodes, u. Seqspiris, j. londonis, g. mopasanisa da sxvaTa nawarmoebebi. aseT pirobebSi, ra Tqma unda, bevri niWieri da saqveynod aRiarebuli ucxoeli avtoris saxelic ki ucnobi rCeboda qarTveli msmenelisaTvis. 1949 wlis meore naxevridan daiwyo saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis literaturisa da xelovnebis popularizacia da TveSi erTxel Suqdeboda aq mimdinare literaturuli procesebi. mag., `mebrZoli koreis poezia~, `ruminuli poezia~, `Cineli poetebi~ da a.S. sazRvargareTis literaturis Sesaxeb masalebi ZiriTadad sakavSiro radiokomitetidan iyo mowodebuli, romlebic saqarTvelos radioSi iTargmneboda. radios literaturul-dramatuli gadacemebis mTavari redaqtori 1945-50 wlebSi iyo nikoloz nikolaZe, Semdeg nikoloz sirbilaZe, xolo 1952 wlidan mwerali Salva amisulaSvili. aseve sxvadasxva dros aq muSaobdnen: guram buxnikaSvili (pasuxismgebeli redaqtori), margalita suxiaSvili (1949 wlidan), ciala yifiani (1952 wlidan), pasuxismgebel redaqtorad ivlita mesxiSvili (1953-1956 wlebSi) da sxvebi. mxatvruli literaturis propaganda xorcieldeboda ciklebisa da rubrikebis saSualebiT, romlebsac programaSi mudmivi adgili hqonda daTmobili. msmenelisTvis literaturuli nawarmoebis miwodebis erT-erTi popularuli forma iyo `mxatvruli kiTxva~, romelsac mogvianebiT `literaturuli kiTxva~ ewoda. eTerSi msaxiobebi kiTxulobdnen nawyvetebs ama Tu im mwerlis nawarmoebebidan. Tu nawarmoebi gansakuTrebuli ideologiuri mniSvnelobisa iyo, igi Tavidan bolomde ikiTxeboda eTerSi gagrZelebebiT. magaliTad, ase gadaica im droisaTvis propagandistuli muxtiT gamorCeuli al. WeiSvilis romani `lelo~, g. leoniZis `stalini. bavSvoba da yrmoba~, aseve `literaturuli kiTxviT~ JRerda eTerSi uklebliv yvela stalinuri premiis laureatis nawarmoebi. 1949 wels eTerSi gamoCnda radioJurnali `literatura da xelovneba~, romlis daniSnuleba iyo warmoeCina respublikaSi mimdinare literaturuli Tu kulturuli procesebi. igi msmenelebs awvdida mimoxilvebs axali wignebis, axali Teatraluri warmodgenebis Sesaxeb, angariSebs sagamofeno dar115 bazebidan, literaturul kalendars, sxvadasxva informaciebs literaturuli Tu Teatraluri movlenebis Sesaxeb rogorc qveynis SigniT, ise mis farglebs gareTac. omis Semdgom radiom axali radioforma SesTavaza auditorias e.w. radiofilmis saxiT. radiofilms, rogorc dadgmiT-dokumentur Janrs, xSirad mimarTavdnen jer kidec 30-ian wlebSi moskoveli da leningradeli radioJurnalistebi. qarTvelma radiomuSakebma ki igi gamoiyenes ara rogorc radioJanri, aramed rogorc radioSi kinoxelovnebis popularizaciis erT-erTi saSualeba. `radioSi saukeTeso kinofilmebis gadacemis sakiTxi didxans rCeboda gadauwyveteli. axla radios informaciis komitetma gamonaxa kinos nawarmoebis popularizaciis Sesaferisi xerxi. qarTul da rusul enebze ukve gadaveciT filmebis `qeTo da kote~, `bednieri Sexvedra~, `poetis akvani~ da sxvaTa montaJebi~.1 faqtobrivad xdeboda filmis `Cveneba~ radioSi da mas ganmartavda diqtori. sistematurad gadaicemoda yvela is filmi, romelsac uCvenebdnen Tbilisis kinoTeatrebSi. radiofilmebad wodebuli aseTi tipis gadacemebi radiomontaJebi iyo da ar gaiazreboda mxatvrul radioJanrad. 1951 wlidan meti yuradReba mieqca radiogadacemaTa profesiul xarisxs da literaturul damuSavebas. rogorc saredaqcio moxsenebebSia aRniSnuli, `literaturul-dramatuli redaqciis muSaoba mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda rogorc Tematikisa da aqtualobis TvalsazrisiT, ise enobrivi da stilisturi daxvewis mxrivac. yuradReba mieqca enis siwmindis sakiTxebs, daigegma gazrdiliyo klasikosebis — ilias, akakis, i. gogebaSvilis Semoqmedebebisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebis raodenoba, SemoRebuliyo TveSi erTxel mowinave enaTmecnierTa saubrebi saliteraturo enis siwmindis sakiTxebze~2 da a.S. amave wlidan gamoCnda gadacemaTa cikli `erTiani qarTuli saliteraturo ena~, magram am gadacemebis cikluri xasiaTi xanmokle gamodga da drodadro Tu gaielvebda eTerSi. amave periodSi radioprogramebi Seivso literaturul-kritikuli 1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 141, gv. 60. iqve, saq. 171, gv. 217. 116 da bibliografiuli masalebiT. iseve rogorc presaSi, eTerSic gaisma mkacri kritika im mwerlebis misamarTiT, romlebmac socialistur realizms gadauxvies da TavianT SemoqmedebaSi ver dauTmes farTo adgili sabWoTa patriotizms, internacionalizms, kapitalizmis daundobel kritikas, Tanamedrove muSisa da glexis rolis Cvenebas axali cxovrebis aRmSeneblobaSi. gadaica kritikuli mimoxilvebi k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebis Sesaxeb, sadac igi `aidealebs Zvels da iyenebs arqaul formebs, didi xnidan xmarebidan gamosul sityvebs, rac gaugebaria msmenelebisTvis~.1 `marTalia, qarTuli mwerloba gaxarebuli amtkicebda, qarTul sabWoTa literaturaSi adgili ar hqonia zoSCenkosebur paskvilebs da axmatovasebur dacemulobisa da uimedobis gamoxatulebaso, magram es ar kmaroda. kompartiis erTgulebis sabuTad uTuod unda gamoeZebnaT mweralTa Soris isini, visac kakals daamtvrevdnen Tavze. aseTebic aRmoCndnen k. nadiraZe, k. gamsaxurdia, kbili gakres g. SatberaSvils, ak. beliaSvilsa da sxvebs. skkp daJinebiT moiTxovda, rom sityvakazmuli mwerloba da xelovneba partiuli da klasobrivi yofiliyo~.2 ara marto partiuli Tu dargobrivi presa aWrelda `burJuaziul-nacionalisturi ideologiis tyveobaSi myof mwerlebze~ kritikuli masalebiT, aramed radioSic farTod gamoexmaurnen am Temas. mis paralelurad ki, kidev ufro gaaqtiurda iseTi nawarmoebebis Seqmna da mere maTi popularizacia masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT, romlebic `vardisfrad~ warmosaxavdnen sabWoTa wyobilebas. radio aqtiurad exmianeboda sabWoTa mweralTa cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis aRmniSvnel umniSvnelo TariRebsac ki — mag., yazaxi poetis jambulis gardacvalebis 3 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili gadacema, m. gorkis gardacvalebis 12 wlisTavi da sxv. radiom farTod gauxsna gza axalgazrda avtorebsac da bevri maTgani pirvelad radios saSualebiT gaicno mkiTxvelma. maT Soris x. berulavas poema `rusuli guli~, d. baqraZis `gmirTa sisxliT~, l. avalianis `axali horizonti~ da sxvebi. 1 2 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 174, gv. 280. ak. baqraZe, mwerlobis moTviniereba, Tb., 1990, gv. 132. 117 ra Tqma unda, im axalgazrda mwerlebs, romlebic eWvis TvaliT uyurebdnen socialistur aRmSeneblobas da leninis cnobil Tezas literaturis partiulobis Sesaxeb, arc presa da arc radio wyalobda da bevri saintereso Semoqmedi CrdilSi rCeboda. mxatvruli mauwyeblobis struqturaSi gafarTovda dramatuli gadacemebis wili. bunebrivia, dramatuli redaqciis saqmianobac im moTxovnebidan gamomdinareobda, romelsac eqvemdebareboda Tavad Teatrebis muSaoba. `sabWoTa Teatrs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia Seasrulos Tavisi roli mSromelTa aRzrdis saqmeSi, Tu igi aqtiuri propagandisti iqneba sabWoTa saxelmwifos politikisa, romelic warmoadgens sabWoTa wyobilebis sasicocxlo safuZvels~.1 radio operatiulad acnobda mravalricxovan auditorias Teatraluri xelovnebis yvela nawarmoebs, romelic idgmeboda maSindeli Teatrebis scenebze. TiTqmis ar darCenila arc erTi Teatraluri warmodgena, romlis pirdapiri translacia eTerSi ar gadacemuliyo. es iyo radios dramatuli redaqciis muSaobis erTi mxare, roca igi mogvevlina Teatraluri xelovnebis popularizatorad da romelmac saSualeba misca Teatris moyvarulebs, `saxlSi daswrebodnen~ speqtaklebs. mravalricxovani auditoria hyavda `otelosa~ Tu `uriel akostas~, `Tofiani kacisa~ Tu `naperwklidan~ radiotranslaciebs. meore mxriv, omis Semdgom Teatraluri repertuarebis gazrdam da radios materialur-teqnikuri aRWurvilobis gaumjobesebam radioprogramebi axali formebiT gaamdidra da scenuri xelovnebis gadatanam firze profesiuli safuZveli Seuqmna erovnuli radioTeatris Camoyalibebas. `Teatri mikrofonTan~, radiodadgmebi, Teatraluri speqtaklebis montaJebi, radioinscenirebebi — es is Janrobrivi formebi iyo, romlis safuZvelzec Camoyalibda specifikuri xelovneba — radiodramaturgia da radioTeatri. marTalia, radioTeatri jer kidev moklebuli iyo originalur radiopiesebs, magram Tavis ZiriTad daniSnulebas — axali xelovnebis saSualebiT literaturis warmoCenas — igi namdvi1 partiuli da sabWoTa beWduri sityvis Sesaxeb, gv. 769. 118 lad asrulebda. sistematurad gadaicemoda m. javaxiSvilis `qalis tvirTis~, akakis `baSi-aCukis~, eg. ninoSvilis `gogia uiSvilis~, iv. frankos `erTi konfiskaciis istoriidan~, a. tvardovskis `vasili tiorkinis~ da sxvaTa radioinscenirebebi. Teatraluri xelovnebis propagandaSi didi wvlili SehqondaT qarTuli scenis SesaniSnav warmomadgenlebs: v. anjafariZes, a. vasaZes, a. xoravas, v. goZiaSvils, T. WavWavaZes, p. kobaxiZes da sxvebs. bevrma axalgazrda msaxiobmac mosinja Zalebi radioSi Tavisi unaris gamosamJRavneblad. radiom didi popularizacia gauwia msaxiobebs, maT pirovnul Tu profesiul Rirsebebs. specialuri rubrikiT `qarTuli scenis ostatebi~ gadaicemoda sxvadasxva Janris masalebi gamoCenili msaxiobebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. amis erT-erTi saukeTeso nimuSia radiokompozicia `cecilia wuwunava~ (avtori m. cxakaia, gadaica 1954 w. 30 ianvars). gadacema agebuli iyo msaxiobis dRiuris Canawerebze, romelsac cecilia wuwunava Tavadve axmovanebda da ixsenebda pirvel nabijebs Teatrsa da kinoSi, Sexvedras k. marjaniSvilTan, kuriozul epizodebs, rac iumornarev elfers aniWebda gadacemas. masSi originalurad iyo CarTuli msaxiobisa da gadacemis avtoris dialogi, romelsac enacvleboda nawyvetebi c. wuwunavas mier ganxorcielebuli speqtaklebidan. radiokompozicia gamoirCeoda radiogenurobiT da emociurobiT. aseTive gadacemebi momzadda v. anjafariZeze, ak. vasaZeze, ak. xoravaze, v. goZiaSvilze, al. JorJolianze da sxvebze. mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi moxda omis Semdgom radios musikalur gadacemaTa redaqciaSic. misi muSaoba sakavSiro kp(b) ck 1948 w. Tebervlis dadgenilebis `v. muradelis operis `diadi megobrobis~ Sesaxeb~ niSniT warimarTa da, aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovnad gaaqtiurda sabWoTa Tematikaze Seqmnili musikaluri nawarmoebebis propaganda. redaqciis oqmebSi xazgasmiT aRiniSneboda, rom `am dadgenilebis Semdeg Seiqmna oTxi opera. sami maT Soris sabWoTa Tematikaze~.1 omis Semdgom saqarTvelos radios programebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda sabWoTa da rusuli klasikuri musikis mo1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 88, gv. 25. 119 culoba. am mxriv, `redaqcias did daxmarebas uwevda sakavSiro radiokomiteti, romelic gzavnida meqanikur Canawerebs da samikrofono masalebs~.1 aseT daxmarebas sakavSiro radiokomitetidan ufro miTiTebisa da direqtivis xasiaTi hqonda da, faqtobrivad, igi gansazRvravda saqarTvelos radioprogramebis Sinaarssa da moculobas, rasac TviTneburad cvlida, Tu amis saWiroebas dainaxavda. amas mowmobs radiokomitetis saangariSo moxsenebebic: `roca moskovi iZleva miznobriv gadacemas, magaliTad, musikalur-SemecnebiT ciklebs an operis translaciebs da es xdeba Cveulebriv xuTSabaTobiT, ixsneba yvela adgilobrivi gadacema. paraskevobiT moskovi iZleva bavSvebisaTvis axali simReris Seswavlas — am dros Cven vcvliT Cvens gadacemas centraluri mauwyeblobis translaciiT~.2 Tu gadavxedavT 1948 wlis meore naxevris radiokomitetis saangariSo monacemebs, am xnis manZilze musikaluri redaqciiT sul gadaica `1130 koncerti, maT Soris, qarTvel kompozitorTa nawarmoebebi: simfoniuri musika — 97 gadacema, kameruli — 152, saopero — 62, xalxuri — 132, popularuli — 26. rusi klasikosebis musikaluri nawarmoebebi: simfoniuri — 106, kameruli — 132, saopero — 57, xalxuri — 34, popularuli musika — 20. sabWoTa kompozitorebis (qarTvelebis garda) simfoniuri — 12, kameruli — 15, saopero — 3, marSebi — 59, opereta — 9~.3 1947-1956 wlebSi radios musikalur gadacemaTa samxatvro xelmZRvaneli iyo kompozitori aleqsandre bukia, romelic aseve iTavsebda musikaluri programebis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtoris movaleobasac (igi 1932 wels movida maSindel amierkavkasiis radiokomitetSi da ganvlo yvela profesiuli safexuri rigiTi redaqtoridan samxatvro xelmZRvanelamde). redaqciaSi am periodSo muSaobdnen beso qarTveliSvili, guliko kacelaSvili, dimitri veCerkovski, giorgi arayiSvili, ludi babilua, nikoloz xvitia da sxvebi. 1 saq. uicisa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 75, gv. 21. iqve, saq. 106, gv. 80. 3 iqve, saq. 75, gv. 22. 2 120 kvlav warmatebiT funqcionirebda radioSi simfoniuri orkestri S. azmaifaraSvilis diriJorobiT, sagundo kapela g. xaxanaSvilisa da xalxuri simRerebis ansambli a. megreliZis xelmZRvanelobiT. radios mxatvruli koleqtivebis direqtori iyo d. veCerkovski, qormeisteri ki vl. babilua. grZeldeboda omamdeli tradicia da radios musikaluri ZalebiT regularulad tardeboda gasvliTi koncertebi sawarmo-dawesebulebebSi, kolmeurneobebsa Tu sabWoTa meurneobebSi. isini gamodiodnen mniSvnelovan sazeimo RonisZiebebzec. 1947 wlis meore naxevridan, sakavSiro radiokomitetis miTiTebiT, xarjebis Semcirebis sababiT, saqarTvelos radiokomitetSi Catarda musikaluri ansamblebis Semowmeba, romlis Sedegadac gaanaxevres Statebi, gaaTavisufles bevri solisti da axalgazrda momRerlebiT Secvales. gafarTovda xalxuri musikis repertuari, radioprogramebSi damkvidrda raionuli TviTmoqmedi koleqtivebis SesrulebiT xalxuri simRerebis gadacema, ramac sagrZnoblad Seuwyo xeli saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi folkloris aRorZinebas da xalxuri simReris bevri niWieri Semsruleblis gamovlenasac. 1949 wlidan eTerSi gamoCnda `mizandasaxuli gadacemebi ganmartebiTurT~, romelsac saganmanaTleblo daniSnuleba hqonda. igi vrcel informacias awvdida msmenelebs nawarmoebisa da misi avtoris Sesaxeb da exmareboda nawarmoebis sworad gagebasa da musikaluri gemovnebis CamoyalibebaSi. sailustraciod ki, gadacemis msvlelobis dros gamoyenebuli iyo musikaluri CanarTebi. aseve, SemecnebiTi xasiaTisa iyo 1952 wlidan sakavSiro radiokomitetis mibaZviT Seqmnili `koncerti-gamocanebi~, romelic msmenelTa werilebis organizaciasac gulisxmobda. radio farTod uTmobda adgils sxvadasxva Janris — kameruli, simfoniuri, saopero, xalxuri — musikaluri xelovnebis nimuSebs; Sesabamisad, arsebobda rubrikebi `qarTuli kameruli musikis koncerti~, `qarTuli popularuli musikis koncerti~, `klasikuri musikis koncerti~ da a.S. ciklebi: `xalxuri simReris ostatebi~, `mxatvruli TviTmoqmedeba mikrofonTan~. praqtikaSi damkvidrda Tematuri koncerte121 bic, mag., `dekabristebi da rusuli musika~, `Sromis simRerebi~, `goeTe musikaSi~ `Seqspiri saopero da kamerul musikaSi~ da sxv. 50-ian wlebSi daiwyo musikaluri radiogadacemebis Seqmna z. faliaSvilze, v. sarajiSvilze, n. sulxaniSvilze, beThovenze, mocartze, grigze, borodinze da sxvebze. Tu rogor SemoqmedebiT ZiebebSi iyvnen radios musikaluri redaqciis TanamSromlebi, amaze radiokomitetis maSindeli Tavmjdomaris a. kelenjeriZis erT-erTi mogonebac sakmarisia: `radiogadacemaze `vano sarajiSvili~ muSaobis dros saWiro gaxda didi momRerlis xmis sadari Semsruleblis povna. bevri Ziebis Semdeg, mivadeqiT maSindel students, Tengiz zaaliSvils, romlis xmis tembri Camohgavda sarajiSvilisas. masTan samuSaod daviqiraveT nino cercvaZe, romelsac kargad axsovda vanos simReris manera, kilo da garkveuli momzadebis Semdeg, gadacemac moewyo. aRfrTovanebuli msmenelebis werilebs bolo ar uCanda~.1 aseve mniSvnelovani momenti iyo 1952 wlis Semodgomaze skkp me-19 yrilobisaTvis samzadisi, romlisTvisac didi muSaoba gaswia radiokomitetis maSindelma xelmZRvanelobam. maTi davalebiT `radios musikalur gadacemaTa redaqciam kompozitor oTar TaqTaqiSvils specialurad SeukveTa kantanta varlam Jurulis teqstze. yrilobis wina dRes saqarTvelos radiokomitetis simfoniurma orkestrma Cawera es kantanta radiofirze da gadaica yrilobis gaxsnis wina dRes, meore egzemplari gaigzavna moskovSi redaqtor dimitri veCerkovskis xeliT da iq yrilobis gaxsnis dRes kantanta sakavSiro radioSic aJRerda~.2 radios musikalur redaqciasTan mWidrod TanamSromlobdnen qarTveli kompozitorebi, romlebsac xSirad ukveTavda radio musikas da pirveli acnobda msmenelebs. magaliTad, pirvelad Sesrulda radioSi s. cincaZis `sacekvao suita~, al. maWavarianis uvertiura `xalxis rCeuli~, d. SaverzaSvilis simfoniuri poema `qajeTi~, i. tuskias suita `arsena~ da 1 2 a. kelenjeriZe, `Rirssaxsovari TariRi~, gaz. `Tbilisi~, 1977, 12.02. iqve. 122 sxv. bevri axalgazrda kompozitori Tu momRerali pirvelad swored radiom warmoaCina da popularuli gaxada. rogorc aRvniSneT, radios literaturul-dramatulma redaqciam jer kidev 30-iani wlebidan farTod miizida mwerlebis, msaxiobebis, xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis moRvaweTa mTeli pleada, romlebic pirdapir gadiodnen eTerSi, radgan magnituri Cawera jer kidev ar iyo praqtikaSi danergili. mogvianebiT, roca radiomauwyeblobam ganimtkica materialur-teqnikuri baza, dRis wesrigSi dadga unikaluri Canawerebis dacvisa da Senaxvis sakiTxi. ase daibada saqarTvelos iSviaT CanawerTa fondi, romelsac figurulad `oqros fondsac~ uwodebdnen, imdenad mniSvnelovania masSi daculi Canawerebis Rirebuleba. igi qarTveli eris saganZurs ganekuTvneba. iSviaT CanawerTa fondis Seqmnaze zrunva iwyeba ormociani wlebis Suaxanebidan uSualod mxatvruli mauwyeblobis maSindeli xelmZRvanelis akaki ZiZigurisa da literaturuli redaqtorebis iniciativiT. pirveli Cawera magnitofirze radiosTvis ganxorcielda 1946 wels uSangi CxeiZis monawileobiT da mis binaSi, radgan avadmyofobis gamo msaxiobi gareT ver gamodioda. im periodSi komitetSi 2 axali radioaparati `dnepri~ miiRes, erTi maTgani u. CxeiZes daudges binaSi, mis das, nino CxeiZes aswavles Caweris teqnika da 1946 wlis 14 maiss Caweres pirveli safondo firi, Seqspiris `hamleti~. mas mohyva scenebi guckovis `uriel akostadan~ (1947 weli), Semdeg d. kldiaSvilis `samaniSvilis dedinacvalidan~ da `darispanis gasaWiridan~, p. kakabaZis `yvaryvare TuTaberidan~. am Cawerisas msaxiobis binaSi mivida speqtaklSi monawile mTeli dasi da Teatraluri kostiumebiT radios mikrofonTan gaTamaSda scena. aseve, u. CxeiZem, rogorc mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatma, 1948 wels brwyinvaled Cawera `balada vefxisa da moymisa~, vaJas `baxtrioni~, `xmlis Civili~, `bakuri~, ilias `nikolooz gostaSabiSvili~, `muxranuli balada~. 1951 wels ki radios iSviaT CanawerTa fondis kuTvnileba gaxda s. Ciqovanis `simRera daviT guramiSvilze~, xolo sicocxlis ukanasknel, 1953 wels, n. baraTaSvilis ori leqsi — `SemoRameba mTawmidazed~ da `fiqrni mtkvris pirzed~. 123 aseve, radios literaturul gadacemaTa redaqciis TanamSromlebis ZalisxmeviT firze iwereboda speqtaklebi scenis ostatebis monawileobiT, xdeboda maTi radiomontaJi, gadaicemoda eTerSi da bolos, iSviaT CanawerTa fondSi idebda binas. am masalebis TiTqmis ucvleli redaqtori iyo ciala yifiani. radios `oqros fondSi~ inaxeba pirveli satranslacio Canaweric. 1947 wels k. marjaniSvilis sax. TeatrSi Catarda elisabed CerqeziSvilis saiubileo saRamo, romlis dasasruls warmoadgines avqsenti cagarelis komediis `rac ginaxavs, veRar naxav~ mesame moqmedeba e. CerqeziSvilis monawileobiT. swored es mesame moqmedeba radios muSakebma translaciiT Caweres da STamomavlobas Semounaxes. mas mohyva scenebi `xanumadan~ da zurab antonovis piesidan `mzis dabneleba saqarTveloSi~. es Canawerebi Sesrulebulia 1948 wlamde, roca e. CerqeziSvili gardaicvala. dramatul fonds bevri SesaniSnavi Canaweri amSvenebs — g. SavguliZis, v. goZiaSvilis, S. RambaSiZis, c. wuwunavas, a. xoravas, a. vasaZisa da sxvaTa xmebi, scenebi speqtaklebidan, radiodadgmebi. swored am fondis Teatralurma Canawerebma misca saSualeba dramatuli redaqciis TanamSromlebs wlebis Semdeg SeeqmnaT originaluri radiodadgma `uriel akosta~, romelic pirvelad ganxorcielda radioSi k. marjaniSvilis Teatris msaxiobTa ramdenime Taobis brwyinvale warmomadgenelTa — uSangi CxeiZis, pier kobaxiZis da iakob tripolskis monawileobiT, xolo ivdiTis rols ucvlelad TamaSobda veriko anjafariZe. 1957-58 wlebSi radios istoriaSi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo 30-iani wlebis speqtaklis `rRvevis~ da `anzoris~ aRdgena. maTSi mTavar rols akaki xorava asrulebda. `oqros fondi~ mdidaria sxva unikaluri CanawerebiTac. aq inaxeba didebuli akakis xma, romelic 1914 wliT TariRdeba. faqtobrivad, es aris radios `oqros fondis~ uZvelesi Canaweri. samwuxarod, cnobili mizezebis gamo, radios fondSi ar aris mixeil javaxiSvilis, tician tabiZis, terenti granelisa da sxvaTa Canawerebi, xolo, rac Seexeba paolo iaSvils, misi xmis Canaweri, mweralTa sakavSiro pirvel yrilobaze warmoTqmuli leqsi `magida Cemi parnasi~, romelic 1934 wliT TariRdeba, mxolod 80-ian wlebSi aRmoCnda radios `oqros fondSi~ 124 cnobili moRvawis i. andronikovis meSveobiT. radios xSiri stumrebi iyvnen: g. leoniZe, s. SanSiaSvili, k. gamsaxurdia, i. griSaSvili da sxva cnobili mwerlebi, romelTa mravali nawarmoebi, publicisturi werilebi Tu mogonebebi maTive kiTxviT radios iSviaT CanawerTa fondis kuTvnilebaa. samwuxarod, Zalze iSviaTad stumrobda radios galaktioni da yvela is Canaweri, romelic radios fondSia daculi, sxvadasxva dros, sxvadasxva RonisZiebebidan Sekrebili masalebis safuZvelze Seiqmna. garda literaturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebisa, radios iSviaT CanawerTa fondSi inaxeba qarTvel mecnierTa a. SaniZis, g. axvledianis, S. nucubiZis, i. vekuas da sxvaTa unikaluri Canawerebi. aseve partiuli da sabWoTa xelmZRvanelebis gamosvlebi, romlebsac garkveuli istoriuli Rirebuleba aqvT. omis Semdgom gaumjobesda axalgazrduli da sabavSvo mauwyeblobac. aq erTxel kidev unda aRiniSnos, rom gadacemebi axalgazrdobisa da bavSvebisaTvis, faqtobrivad, mauwyeblobis orive sferos moicavda — sazogadoebriv - politikursa da mxatvrul programebsac, magram ramdenadac im periodSi mTavari iyo `komunizmis mSenebeli~, politikurad `momzadebuli~ Taobis aRzrda, axalgazrdobisaTvis gankuTvnili gadacemebi umetesad sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTisa iyo, xolo sabavSvo programebSi, piriqiT, Warbobda mxatvruli gadacemebi da mas komitetis yvela dokumentSi, mxatvrul mauwyeblobaSi moixseniebdnen. gadacemebi axalgazrdobisaTvis dagegmili iyo kviraSi samjer. aqedan oTxSabaTobiT gadaicemoda axalgazrduli gazeTebis mimoxilva, ewyoboda axalgazrduli gadacemebis translacia moskovidan da literaturuli gadacemebi specialurad axalgazrdebisaTvis. `1950 wlis meore naxevridan gadacemebi axalgazrdobisaTvis 2-jer gaizarda. samjer kviraSi gadaicema narkvevi, saubari, reportaJi, respublikuri gazeTis mimoxilvebi. gadacemebi iwyeba 19 saaTze da 14 wuTiania~.1 gadacemis Tematikac mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda: axalgazrdobis politikur-ideuri aRzrda; komkavSiris roli swavlasa da SromaSi; kolmeurne axalgazrdobis warmatebani; 1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 138, gv. 77. 125 sabWoTa patriotizmis propaganda axalgazrdebs Soris; axalgazrdoba SromiT vaxtze, maTi monawileoba xuTwliani gegmebis ganxorcielebaSi; ucxoeli axalgazrdebis cxovreba; studentobisa da axalgazrdobis fizikuri aRzrda; mecnierebis, teqnikisa da xelovnebis miRwevaTa propaganda. gadacemebis ciklebic Sesabamisad jgufdeboda: `soflis mowinave axalgazrdoba~, `saxalxo demokratiis qveynebis axalgazrdoba~, `wigni — Cemi megobari~, `gmiri qalaqebi — omisSemdgom xuTwledSi~ (aq gadaicemoda saubrebi qalaqebis — odesis, sevastopolis, leningradis istoriaze). 14 gadacema daigegma gadacemaTa ciklisTvis `Cveni qveynis dedaqalaqi — moskovi~, aqedan mxolod 4 momzadda. yoveli kviris xuTSabaTs gadaicemoda masalebi soflis axalgazrdobisaTvis. umetesad aq gamoiyeneboda narkvevis Janri. mag., g. miqelaZis `debi meCaieebis komkavSiruli brigada~. e. zedginiZis `saqarTvelos beRlebSi — wiTelwyaroeli axalgazrdebi~, d. quTaTelaZis `axalgazrda meCaies gmiruli ojaxi~ da sxvebi. 1949 wels saqarTvelos komkavSiris centraluri komitetis iniciativiT daiwyo gadacemaTa axali cikli `komunisturi morali~, sadac gadaicemoda Semdegi saxis saubrebi: `socializmis dros piradi da sazogadoebrivi interesebis Sexameba~, `mamacoba da movaleoba~, `komunisturi moralis ZiriTadi principebi~ da sxva. 1951 wlidan gaizarda `axalgazrdebisaTvis gankuTvnili gadacemebis xangrZlivoba, daemata axali ciklebi: `axalgazrdoba mSvidobisaTvis brZolaSi~, `SeviswavloT mSobliuri mxare~, `axalgazrda ostatebi~ da sxva. ukanaskneli 1 wlis manZilze mikrofonTan gamovida 60-ze meti axalgazrda, romlebmac msmenelebs uambes SromiT miRwevebze, warmatebebze~.1 axalgazrduli gadacemebis yuradRebis centrSi gansakuTrebulad idga komkavSiris da kompartiis axalgazrda wevrebis saqmianoba, muSa komkavSirelis, glexi komkavSirelisa da studenti komkavSirelis saxis idealurad warmoCena. xSirad gadaicemoda saubrebi `rogor gavufrTxildeT komkavSirul 1 gaz. axalgazrda komunisti, 1951, # 56, gv. 3. 126 bileTs~, rom igi specialur ujraSi unda inaxebodes sufTad da a.S. aseTi `miamituri~ gadacemebi xSirad ismoda eTerSi, arc komkavSirelTa paTetikuri gamosvlebi aklda radios da, saerTod, didi energia ixarjeboda imis mtkicebaze, rom sabWoTa axalgazrdebze niWieri da zneobrivi axalgazrdoba msoflios arc erT qveyanaSi ar aris da es yovelive sabWoTa wyobilebis damsaxurebaa. saerTod, axalgazrdobisaTvis gankuTvnili radiogadacemebi didad CamorCeboda maSindeli axalgazrdebis ganviTarebis dones, imdenad primitiulad, erTferovnad da calmxrivad aSuqebda mraval problemas. masalaTa umravlesobac presidan da sakavSiro radiodan iyo miRebuli da uxeirod Targmnili. naklebad Suqdeboda kulturisa da xelovnebis sakiTxebi. ufro profesiul doneze iyo mauwyebloba bavSvebisaTvis. sabavSvo gadacemebi, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, gaTvaliswinebuli iyo oTxi asakis jgufisTvis. skolamdeli da umcrosi asakis bavSvebisTvis, romlebmac jer kidev ar icodnen wera-kiTxva, dagegmili iyo patar-patara moTxrobebi, zRaprebi, popularuli saubrebi, inscenirebebi, radioreportaJebi sabavSvo baRebidan. mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda saSuali da ufrosi asakis bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnili Tematika — saskolo da pioneruli cxovreba, mxatvruli aRzrda, samecniero-popularuli gadacemebi. maTi gegma saskolo programebis gaTvaliswinebiT dgeboda da misi mizani iyo daxmareboda mozardebs skolaSi miRebuli codnis gafarToebaSi. 1945 wlidan manamde arsebuli `pioneruli informaciebi~ sakavSiro `pionerskaia zorkas~ analogiiT Camoyalibda ridiogazeTad, romelsac `pionerTa dafioni~ ewoda. igi gadaicemoda yoveldRe 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, xolo kviraobiT mzaddeboda specialuri sakvirao gamoSveba. kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda `pionerTa dafioni~ rusul enaze. rigiTi `pionerTa dafionis~ erT-erTi gamoSveba ase gamoiyureba: 1951w. 18 oqtomberi: `norCi leninelis mimoxilva~, `norCi korespondentis werili~, `sportisa da teqnikis axali ambebi~, `wignis siaxleebi~.1 1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 175, gv. 2. 127 `pionerTa dafionis~ sakvirao gamoSveba ufro sainteresod mzaddeboda da xangrZlivobiT 60 wuTs aRwevda. igi mravalsiuJetiani iyo, moicavda informaciul SeniSvnebs, radioreportaJebs, angariSebs, moswavleTa gamosvlebs mikrofonTan. didi adgili eTmoboda bavSvTa Semoqmedebas, ardadegebze maT dasvenebasa da garTobas, sportul wvrTnas da a.S. magaliTad, 31 ianvris sakvirao gamoSveba Semdegi siuJetebisagan Sedgeboda: `rogor vatarebT zamTris ardadegebs~, `ra mogvimzades Teatrebma~, `axali sabavSvo simRera~, `norCi deklamatorebis gamosvla mikrofonTan~, `Cveni naZvis xe~.1 sabavSvo gadacemebSi didi yuradReba eqceoda saskoloaRmzdelobiT muSaobas da, saerTod, radios aRmzdelobiTi funqcia axalgazrdul da sabavSvo programebSi yvelaze ukeT gamovlinda. radiom mTavar miznad daisaxa farTod gaeSuqebina moswavleTa Soris Segnebuli disciplinis ganmtkiceba, swavlis stabiluri reJimis SemuSaveba, sabWoTa patriotizmis ganviTareba revoluciisa da samamulo omis istoriebis magaliTze. ciklebiT `rogor avirCioT profesia~ da `vin minda viyo~ sistematurad gamodiodnen mikrofonTan pedagogebi, pionerxelmZRvanelebi, saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi, warCinebuli moswavleebi. am gamosvlebSi Warbobda rCeva-darigebebi, mentoruli toni da aseTi gadacemebis koleqtiuri mosmena skolebSi savaldebulod iTvleboda. popularobiT sargeblobda ciklebi `icnobde Sens mxares~ da `giyvardes da Seiswavle Seni mSobliuri mxare~. umetesad gadaicemoda saubrebi saqarTvelos istoriaze, turistul marSrutebze, respublikis nakrZalebze... farTo adgili eTmoboda moZme respublikebis moswavleTa cxovrebas ciklebiT `ssrk-is rukasTan~, `megobrebis milocvebi~, `sakavSiro ambebi~. radio popularizacias uwevda rusuli enis Seswavlasa da xSirad gaismoda eTerSi, rom `rusuli ena leninis enaa~, `masze werda da metyvelebda amxanagi stalini~ da a.S. momavali Taobis ideur-politikuri aRzrdis amocanebs emsaxureboda gadacemebi `meoTxe stalinuri xuTwledi~, `ko1 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 176, gv. 1. 128 munizmis axali mSeneblebi~, `politikur-aRmzrdelobiTi muSaoba pionerul organizaciebSi~ da sxv. Tumca, albaT, sruliad zedmeti iyo mozardebisaTvis iseTi gadacemis miwodeba, rogoric iyo ,,indoeTis soflis meurneoba~ `birmis kavSiri~ da a.S. im periodSi iyvnen iseTi avtorebic, romlebic SesaniSnavad xedavdnen bavSvebisaTvis dagegmili sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis absurdulobas da protestsac gamoxatavdnen. magaliTad, amaze metyvelebs erT-erTi oqmi, sadac aRniSnulia, rom `1953 wlis ianvris Tvis gegmaSi ar Sesrulda saubari — `stalinis Sroma `socializmis ekonomikuri problemebi~, radgan specialistebma (,,guguSvilma da sxvebma~) uari ganacxades — bavSvebisaTvis am sakiTxebze saubars ver davwerTo.1 es saubari, sxva avtoris mier momzadebuli, mainc gadaica da, saerTod, maSindeli moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, beladebisa da marqsizm-leninizmis klasikosTa naazrevis codna savaldebulo iyo ganurCevlad asakisa. aseTi masalebis mizani iyo Caenerga mozardebisaTvis, rom `bednieri qveynis bednieri bavSvebi arian~ da rom maTi upirvelesi movaleobaa revoluciis ideebisadmi erTguleba da socialisturi samSoblosadmi Tavdadeba. amitom pavlik morozovis saxe misabaZi da samagaliTo unda yofiliyo yvelasaTvis. sistematurad gadaicemoda radiokompozicia `pavlik morozovi~. aseTi suliskveTebiT zrdidnen maSindel Taobas da sabavSvo gadacemaTa redaqciac am mxriv Zalasa da energias ar iSurebda; amis erT-erTi magaliTia 1949 wlis 15 seqtembers gadacemuli saubari `gavicnoT mowinave saxlis gamocdileba~: `socializmis qveyanaSi, lenin-stalinis partiis, sabWoTa mTavrobis brZnuli politikis, piradad xalxis sayvareli beladis da axali Taobis udidesi megobris, didi stalinis mzrunvelobiT, poetis Tqmisa ar iyos, aravin ar ganicdis oblobisa vaebas, arvin sCivis Tavis uTvistomobas... Cveni umSoblod darCenili bavSvebisaTvis TviT sabWoTa saxelmwifo zrunavs, amis magaliTia umSoblod darCenili bavSvebisaTvis sabavSvo saxlebis farTod gaSlili qseli~.2 amis paralelu1 2 saq. uicsa, f. 1978, aR. 1, saq. 258, gv. 19. iqve, saq. 109, gv. 77. 129 rad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda kapitalisturi qveynebis bavSvTa cxovrebis pirobebis kritikas. 1950 wlis meore naxevridan gamoCnda axali cikli `maTTan~, sadac presidan amokrefil masalebSi saubari iyo ucxoeli bavSvebis umweo da Cagrul mdgomareobaze. sistematurad gadaicemoda saubrebi cikliT: `bavSvTa cxovreba kapitalistur qveynebSi~, aseve im mweralTa sabavSvo nawarmoebebi, sadac gakritikebuli iyo burJuaziuli sistema. saerTod, sabavSvo gadacemaTa redaqcia xazs usvamda sabWoTa bavSvebis viTomdac did dainteresebas politikiT da maT aqtiurobas sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. xSirad gadaicemoda eTerSi pioneruli Sekrebebi da arCevnebi razmebsa da razmeulebSi norCi radiomsmenelebis iniciativiT. rogorc komitetis oqmebSia aRniSnuli, yovelwliurad tardeboda radiomsmenelTa konferenciebi, romlebic winaswar mzaddeboda, gamomsvlelTa teqstebic winaswar iwereboda da es RonisZiebebi speqtaklebiviT idgmeboda. 1950 wlidan radioprogramebSi gamoCnda bevri axali sabavSvo gadacema. maT Soris `cnobismoyvare bavSvTa klubi~, `gamoCenil adamianTa cxovreba~. maTSi saubari iyo d. mendeleevis, a. dobrolubovis, i. gogebaSvilis, p. meliqiSvilis da sxvaTa cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis ZiriTad momentebze. sistematurad gadaicemoda samecniero-popularuli ciklebi: `norCi miCurineli~, `SeviswavloT teqnika~, `saubrebi bunebis movlenebze~, `norC naturalistTa dasaxmareblad~, `Cemi sayvareli sagani~ da sxv. 1951 wlidan maT daemata `pionerebis aRzrda~, `skolaSi, quCaSi da saxlSi~, `Cveni kedlis gazeTi~, `Cveni ufrosi megobari~, `Cven vizrdebiT SromaSi~ da a.S. radios axalgazrdul da sabavSvo gadacemaTa redaqciebi ZiriTadad iyenebda imave radioJanrebs, rasac sxva redaqciebi, oRond axalgazrdul gadacemebSi Warbobda saubrebi da narkvevebi, xolo sabavSvo gadacemebSi — umetesad radioreportaJebi, literaturul-musikaluri kompoziciebi da sxva. bavSvTa ideur da mxatvrul aRzrdaSi did rols asrulebda radiospeqtaklebi da radioinscenirebebi. magaliTad, siamovnebiT ismineboda `biZia Tomas qoxis~, `oTaraanT qvrivis~, `gankargulebisa~ da sxvaTa radioinscenirebebi. mowonebiT 130 sargeblobda literaturuli montaJebi — d. kasraZis moTxrobis mixedviT Seqmnili `patara soso~, i.gogebaSvilis `deda ena~, m. miqelaZis `tania~, S. aragvispirelis `Cemo Svindav~ da sxvebi. am periodSi farTod gaiSala al. fadeevis `axalgazrda gvardiis~ kritika radios saSualebiT da, garda mwerlebisa, skolis pedagogebi da moswavleebic aqtiurad monawileobdnen nawarmoebis ganxilvaSi. sabavSvo redaqcia did adgils uTmobda musikalur gadacemebs. 1950 wlis meore naxevarSi radioSi Seiqmna 80 moswavlisagan Semdgari ansambli, romelsac respublikis saxalxo artisti a. wulukiZe xelmZRvanelobda. repertuari ZiriTadad sabavSvo simRerebisgan Sedgeboda, aseve mikrofonTan gamodiodnen radiokomitetis sxva musikaluri ansamblebis solistebic sabavSvo repertuariT da musikaluri saswavleblis TviTmoqmedi wreebi. musikis propagandis mizniT gadaicemoda leqcia-koncertebis seriali `kompozitorTa portretebi~, aseve `musikaluri leqsikoni~ da `Cveni sabavSvo speqtaklebis musika~, romlebsac SemecnebiTi daniSnuleba hqondaT. aq aRsaniSnavia isic, rom xSirad redaqcia wamoiwyebda gadacemaTa axal cikls, magram isev miaviwydeboda da, saerTod, ciklebis simravle da rubrikebis arastabiluroba TiTqmis yvela redaqciisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli. 1950 wlis meore naxevridan gamoCnda saintereso gadacema `erTi quCis istoria, romelic p. meliqiSvilis saxels atarebs~. saubari saintereso gamodga da mis kvaldakval daibada `Cveni qalaqis istoria~, `Cveni soflis istoria~, `Cveni raionis istoria~, magram male yvela es gadacema programidan gaqra da mas cikluri xasiaTi aRar mieca, arada moTxovnileba didi iyo. saerTod, radiogadacemebSi igrZnoboda is SezRudvebi, rasac esa Tu is redaqcia ganicdida politikuri TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad amisa, Tamamad unda iTqvas, rom Tumca yovelTvis aSkarad ver xerxdeboda erovnuli faseulobebis propaganda, magram saqarTvelos radios saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba, mTeli misi kulturtregeruli moRvaweoba — qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis, qarTuli kulturis popularizacia uTuod xels uwyobda erovnuli cnobierebis gaRvivebas da erovnuli Rirebulebebis damkvidrebas. 131 Tavi III saqarTvelos radios mmarTvelobiTi funqciebis gafarToeba da mauwyeblobis struqturis ganviTareba (1957-1984) 1. saqarTvelos radio saxelmwifo marTvis struqturaSi rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, 1953 wels radiomauwyeblobis kulturis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi moqcevam didi kamaTi gamoiwvia da amis Sesaxeb sakavSiro presaSic ki gaimarTa msjeloba. es CaiTvala radios, rogorc saxelmwifo institutis, statusis daqveiTebad, misi, rogorc sazogadoebis ideologiuri marTvis erT-erTi mZlavri saSualebis Seufaseblobad, rac savsebiT daadastura ramdenime wlis praqtikamac. totalitarul saxelmwifos, cxadia, ver daakmayofilebda propagandis instrumentis informaciis ubralo mimwodeblad da `kulturtregerad~ gadaqceva. amitom, ssrk ministrTa sabWos 1957 wlis 16 maisis dadgenilebiT, radio da televizia (romelic am dros ukve swrafad iwyebda aRmasvlas da veRar darCeboda radios struqturaSi) gamovida kulturis saministros daqvemdebarebidan da saxelmwifoSi sakuTari statusi aRidgina — Seiqmna ssrk ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis saxelmwifo komiteti. es komiteti aRmasrulebel xelisuflebas ganekuTvneboda, misi Tavmjdomare mTavrobis wevrad iTvleboda da Sedioda ministrTa kabinetis SemadgenlobaSi. radio-televiziis saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis kidev erTi aRiareba iyo ssrk umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis 1970 wlis 12 ivlisis dadgenileba, romlis Tanaxmadac ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radio-televiziis komiteti gardaiqmna 132 ministrTa sabWos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitetad. am erTi sityvis — `arsebulis~ saxelwodebidan amogdeba niSnavda, rom eleqtronuli media oficialurad erTveboda saxelmwifo marTvis sistemaSi: igi xelisuflebasTan `arsebuli~ raRac struqtura ki aRar iyo, aramed am xelisuflebis nawili, Sesabamisi uflebebiTa da movaleobebiT. Jurnalistebi ubralod `partiis damxmareebi~ (Подручные партии) ki aRar iyvnen, rogorc alersiT uwoda maT nikita xruSCovma 1959 wels axalSeqmnili ssrk JurnalistTa kavSiris pirvel yrilobaze, aramed am partiis nebis aRmasrulebeli struqturis warmomadgenlebi. rac Seexeba komitetis saxelwodebaSi `televiziis~ win gadmotanas, es ubralod warmoadgenda televiziis upiratesobis dadasturebas radiosTan SedarebiT, rac am periodisTvis ukve aravis eWvs aRar iwvevda. rogorc Cans, esec ar miiCnies sakmarisad da 1977 wlis bolosTvis sabWoTa teleradiomauwyebloba ministrTa sabWosac Camoscilda da gaformda damoukidebel uwyebad — ewoda ssrk televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komiteti (ssrk-is saxteleradio). yvela es reforma, ra Tqma unda, gatarda saqarTveloSic. aseTi cvlilebebi albaT savsebiT logikuri iyo, radgan vis gamgeblobaSic ar unda yofiliyo formalurad sabWoTa teleradiomauwyebloba, mas, iseve rogorc mTel sabWoTa informaciul-propagandistul sistemas, uSualod xelmZRvanelobda da akontrolebda komunisturi partia (centraluri da adgilobrivi partiuli organoebi) da iyenebda mas sazogadoebis marTvis erT-erT instrumentad. masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi (maT Soris, cxadia, radiomauwyeblobac) komunisturi ideologiis, komunisturi aRzrdis sistemis Semadgeneli nawili iyo, risi meSveobiTac partia da xelisufleba mizanmimarTulad moqmedebda sazogadoebis cxovrebis yvela sferoze. amdenad, radiomauwyeblobis miznebi da amocanebi ganisazRvreboda komunisturi ideologiis miznebiTa da amocanebiT — sxvadasxva formiT xeli Seewyo komunisturi sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis CamoyalibebisaTvis, axali adamianis formirebisaTvis, ideologiurad uzrunveleyo skkp programis cxovrebaSi gatareba, komunizmis materialur133 teqnikuri bazis Seqmna, aqtiurad ebrZola burJuaziuli ideologiis, adamianis cnobierebaSi `warsulis gadmonaSTebis~ winaaRmdeg. saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba 50-iani wlebis bolos teqnikur-organizaciuli da profesiuli TvalsazrisiT ukve sabolood aris Camoyalibebuli — gaaCnia mZlavri materialur-teqnikuri baza da mTel respublikaze eweva mauwyeblobas. didi xania garkveulia misi sazogadoebrivi funqciebi, aTvisebulia radios gamosaxviTi specifika da publicisturi Janrebis saeTero modifikaciebi, dadgenilia organizaciuli struqtura. amasTan, igi sakavSiro-respublikuri daqvemdebarebis uwyebaa da erTdroulad ganicdis rogorc mauwyeblobis erTiani centralizebuli sistemis, ise adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebis zegavlenas, saxelmwifo informaciuli struqturis yovelgvar cvlilebas. zemoT aRniSnuli reformebis Semdeg, 1978 wels, igi sabolood Camoyalibda rogorc saqarTvelos ssr televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komiteti — saqarTvelos saxteleradio (es saxelwodeba SemorCa mas sabWoTa xelisuflebis dasrulebamde). 50-iani da 60-iani wlebis mijnaze cvlileba moxda teleradiokomitetis xelmZRvanelobaSic — 1961 wlis seqtembridan komitetis Tavmjdomaris postze anton kelenjeriZe Secvala karlo gardafxaZem, ufro adre ki, 1958 wlis ianvridan, Tavmjdomaris moadgile radios dargSi gaxda petre SamaTava (man Secvala a. farulava, romelic gaTavisuflda sxva samuSaoze gadasvlis gamo). pirveli 1976 wlis martamde xelmZRvanelobda komitets, meore ki 1984 wlis ivlisamde, meoTxed saukuneze met xans, kurirebda saqarTvelos radios. amave periodSi Tavmjdomaris moadgileebad (finansur da materialurteqnikur nawilSi) muSaobdnen jer rafiel liparteliani da Semdgom oTar kakabaZe. 1957-1984 wlebi metad saintereso periodia saqarTvelos radios istoriaSi. jer erTi, es aris saqarTveloSi (da, saerTod, sabWoTa kavSirSi) radiomauwyeblobis ganviTarebis axali etapi, romelic ukavSirdeba televiziis damkvidrebas, radios saeTero monopoliis gauqmebasa da konkurenciis pirobebSi mauwyeblobis axali formebis Ziebas. marTalia, telema134 uwyeblobis sayovelTaod gavrcelebas iseTi radikaluri gavlena ar mouxdenia saqarTvelos radioze, rogorc sazRvargareT, sadac cnobili mravalprofiliani universaluri radiosadgurebic ki specializaciis gzas daadgnen da formatul programirebaze gadavidnen, magram man uTuod iqonia zemoqmedeba ciklebisa da rubrikebis mowesrigebaze, mauwyeblobis ZiriTad mimarTulebaTa dazustebaze, funqciebis gamokveTasa da pirdapiri eTeris upiratesobaTa aqtiur gamoyenebaze. meore, es periodi gamoirCeva mniSvnelovani istoriuli xasiaTis socialur-politikuri movlenebiT: 50-iani wlebis bolosa da 60-iani wlebis pirveli naxevris voluntarizms sabWoTa kavSirSi didi xniT cvlis e.w. uZraobis epoqa, xolo Cvens respublikaSi 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sul sxva procesebi iwyebs ganviTarebas. oTxi wlis manZilze, 1972-1976 wlebSi, skkp centralurma komitetma sami dadgenileba miiRo saqarTvelos Sesaxeb: `partiis Tbilisis saqalaqo komitetis organizatoruli da politikuri muSaobis Sesaxeb~ (1972), `saqarTvelos ssr saxalxo meurneobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb~ (1974) da `saqarTvelos partiuli organizaciis Sesaxeb~ (1976). 1972 wels saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani (qveynis pirveli piri) vasil mJavanaZe Secvala eduard SevardnaZem, rasac mohyva mTeli xelmZRvaneli partiuli da sabWoTa kadrebis Secvla ara mxolod respublikis, aramed raionebis donezec. cota mogvianebiT sakadro cvlilebebi moxda teleradiokomitetSic: 1976 wlis martSi karlo gardafxaZe gadayvanil iqna socialuri uzrunvelyofis ministrad da komitetis Tavmjdomared dainiSna guram enuqiZe, xolo 1979 wels, saqarTvelos kp centraluri komitetis mdivnad (ideologiis dargSi) misi gadayvanis Semdeg, igi Secvala nugzar fofxaZem, romelmac 1986 wlis ivnisamde imuSava. xelisuflebis totalur cvlas saqarTveloSi Tan mohyva axali kursi — TiTqosda daundobeli brZola qveyanaSi arsebuli negatiuri procesebis: korufciis, proteqcionizmis, ukanonobis, narkomaniis da a.S. winaaRmdeg. centralur xelisuflebas es `naklovanebani~ adgilobriv problemebad miaC135 nda da maTze saubari sakavSiro eTerSi miRebuli ar iyo. ra Tqma unda, erT patara respublikaSi SeuZlebeli iyo im uaryofiTi Tvisebebis aRmofxvra, rac mTel sabWoTa sistemas axasiaTebda (saqarTvelos partiul elitas marTlac rom hqonoda aseTi mizani) da am brZolas arc SeiZleboda raime arsebiTi Sedegi mohyoloda. miuxedavad amisa, 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarsa da 80-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi, jer kidev e.w. gardaqmnis dawyebamde, saqarTvelos radiosa da televiziaSi damuSavda sajaroobis bevri iseTi forma da daisva bevri iseTi mwvave problema, romlebic centralur eTerSi mxolod 1987 wlidan gamoCnda. pirvel rigSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs auditoriasTan kavSirisa da sazogadoebrivi azris organizebis sxvadasxva forma, agreTve aSkara saubari `akrZalul~ Temebze — danaSaulobaTa zrdaze, narkomaniaze, prostituciaze da a.S. (sakmarisia iTqvas, rom mTavlitis adgilobrivma warmomadgenelma sakavSiro struqturaSi uCivla komitetis xelmZRvanelobas am Temebze eTerSi gadacemebis gaSvebis gamo). saqarTvelos radio (igi Tavis struqturaSi moicavda afxazeTis, aWarisa da samxreT oseTis radiokomitetebsac, agreTve quTaisis saqalaqo radios), romelic erTdroulad mimarTavda uzarmazar auditorias, sayovelTao agitatorisa da propagandistis rols asrulebda — saxelmwifo marTvis organoebidan msmenelebs gadascemda informacias, ganumartavda mocemul etapze partiis politikas, propagandas uwevda sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi momxdar ekonomikur da kulturul gardaqmnebs, xels uwyobda masebis socialur da politikur aqtivizacias. amasTan, radiomauwyeblobis roli mxolod sazogadoebis informirebiTa da propagandiT rodi amoiwureboda. auditoriasTan kavSiris sxvadasxva formaze dayrdnobiT igi kontrols uwevda partiuli da saxelmwifo direqtivebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas, sawarmoo-ekonomikuri da socialuri problemebis gadawyvetas. marTvis sxvadasxva sistemaze aqtiuri zemoqmedebiT radio Tavad Camoyalibda saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis aucilebel organod. saxelmwifoebrivi funqciebiT iyo ganpirobebuli xelisuflebis mudmivi zrunva radiomauwyeblobis materialurteqnikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. 1959 wels mwyobrSi Cadga axali 136 radiosadgurebi soxumsa da baTumSi; imave xanebSi amoqmedda samxreT oseTis olqis radiokvanZic. 1966 wels saqarTvelos teleradiokomitetma miiRo specialurad misTvis agebuli da axali aparaturiT aRWurvili Senoba (teleradiocentri) yofili leninis, amJamad kostavas quCaze, saidanac dRemde eweva mauwyeblobas. amasTan isic unda aRiniSnos, rom yvelaferi es perspeqtivaze ar iyo gaTvlili da ukve 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi sagrZnobi gaxda radiomauwyeblobis (aseve televiziis) teqnikuri CamorCeniloba. xmis Camweri studiebis moZvelebul teqnikaze, saTanado mikrofonebis mudmiv ukmarisobaze, ungruli warmoebis mZime da mouxerxebel portatul magnitofonebze, firis meqanikur montaJze da a.S. rom araferi vTqvaT, gadamcemi radiosadgurebis simZlavriT Cveni respublika bolo adgilze iyo sabWoTa kavSirSi da saqarTvelos radios xma qveynis bevr regionSi arc ismoda (TandaTan nadgurdeboda odesRac mTel respublikaSi organizebuli sadenebiani mauwyeblobac — igi nawilobriv mxolod did qalaqebSi SemorCa). 1978 wels dadga axali radiosadguris aSenebis sakiTxi, magram, samwuxarod, ver ganxorcielda (finansebi ver gamoiZebna). 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos radioSi funqcionirebda 4 mTavari redaqcia: 1. informaciis mTavari redaqcia, romelic calke gamoiyo 1959 wels da pirveli mTavari redaqtori gaxda nikoloz abzianiZe (televiziaSi misi gadayvanis Semdeg, 1968 wlidan, mTavari redaqtori iyo givi TevzaZe, 1978 wlidan ki — dimitri kikvaZe, moris mircxulava, goCa xundaZe, ramin WeliZe). 1968 wels am redaqcias ewoda `informaciisa da erovnul enebze gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia~, radgan mis struqturaSi `ukanaskneli cnobebisa~ da sportul gadacemaTa redaqciebis garda Sedioda agreTve somxur gadacemaTa (ufrosi redaqtori m. aslaniani, Semdeg r. varTaniani, s. xaCaturiani) da azerbaijanul gadacemaTa (ufrosi redaqtori m. giulmamedovi, Semdeg q. qerimovi, e. mahmudovi) redaqciebi, agreTve reklamebisa da gancxadebebis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori a. CxikvaZe, Semdeg — g. gugunava) da adgilobrivi gadacemebis redaqcia (romlis ufrosi redaqtori 1961 wlidan 1983 wlamde, pensiaSi gasvlamde, iyo beno manTiZe, Semdeg 137 — eTer CilaCava); 2. sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia, romelsac 1957 wels jer kidev Zveli saxelwodeba — politikuri radiomauwyeblobis mTavari redaqcia — erqva da vaxtang ZamaSvili xelmZRvanelobda. Semdeg igi erTi wliT Secvala givi dvaliSvilma, magram 1959 wlidan mTavari redaqtori isev vaxtang ZamaSvili gaxda; 3. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia, romelsac Tavidan axalgazrdobis, sabavSvo da sportul gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia erqva, radgan sportul programebsac amzadebda (garda amisa, 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi amzadebda agreTve rusulenovan yovelkvireul gadacemas `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~). Tavidanve, 1962 wlidan, misi pirveli mTavari redaqtori iyo da 1971 wlamde xelmZRvanelobda nodar beTaniSvili; 4. mxatvrul gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia, romlis mTavari redaqtori 1959-1967 wlebSi iyo givi dvaliSvili. misi televiziaSi gadayvanis Semdeg mTavari redaqcia orad gaiyo — mxatvrul gadacemaTa mTavar redaqciad (romelsac Semdeg literaturul-dramatuli programebis mTavari redaqcia ewoda — mTavari redaqtori akaki koberiZe, mogvianebiT — soso sigua) da musikaluri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciad (mTavari redaqtori aleqsandre bukia, Semdeg guliko kacelaSvili, 1979 wlidan ki — lali vardanaSvili). 1965 wlis TebervalSi Seiqmna radios programebisa da gamoSvebis mTavari redaqcia, romelsac 1971 wlis ivlisidan programebis direqcia ewoda. mis pirvel mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna koki egutia. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1968-1981 wlebSi, mTavari redaqtori iyo kapiton rusiZe, xolo misi pensiaSi gasvlis Semdeg ki, 1999 wlis Sua xanebamde, gardacvalebamde, programebis mTavari direqciis mTavari direqtori iyo medea gegeSiZe. programebis mTavari redaqcia (direqcia) moicavda sam qvedanayofs: programebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori mariam biniaSvili), gamomSveb redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori magu uruSaZe) da diqtorTa jgufs (xelmZRvaneli qeTevan landia). 60-70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos radios diqtorebi iyvnen: erosi manjgalaZe, marika Caxava, qeTevan kereseliZe, elene tabliaSvili, Tamar leJava, meri miqelaZe, ciala SublaZe, lia WaniSvili, rezo CxaiZe, daviT sokolovi, rezo 138 TavarTqilaZe, levan yavlaSvili, giorgi cabaZe, Tina elbaqiZe, Tina mgalobliSvili, iago dumbaZe, mirangul avsajaniSvili, arsen abramiSvili, givi qoClaZe, jemal javeliZe, dali baqraZe, lado msxilaZe, mixeil lopatkini, irine rizaeva, elene sarqisiani, albert asaturovi, ali-zade hasanovi, alemzar rzaeva. 60-iani wlebis bolos calke Camoyalibda rusul gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia (mTavari redaqtori iuri xomeriki, Semdeg — amiran gabilaia). igi moicavda rusuli respublikuri cnobebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori evgeni domoracki, Semdeg Tamaz kandelaki), sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis gadacemebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori aleqsandre nikuraZe, Semdeg — givi baqraZe, Temur nadiraSvili) da gacvliTi gadacemebis redaqcias (ufrosi redaqtori amiran gabilaia, Semdeg — nuca erisTavi), romelic rusul enaze amzadebda gadacemebs mokavSire sabWoTa respublikebisaTvis da aseve gacvlis wesiT Rebulobda maT gadacemebs saqarTvelos radioeTerisTvis. 1973 wels sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia daiyo propagandisa da saxalxo meurneobis mTavar redaqciebad. propagandis mTavar redaqciaSi (mTavari redaqtori vaxtang ZamaSvili, Semdeg — givi TevzaZe, dimitri kikvaZe, vaxtang dvali) darCa marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis propagandisa da partiuli cxovrebis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori givi TevzaZe, Semdeg — mixeil aroSiZe, lamara esarTia, marika silagaZe, gulnaz gelovani) da sabWoTa mSeneblobis, samarTlisa da moralis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori dimitri lobJaniZe). mis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida agreTve somxuri da azerbaijanuli gadacemebis redaqciebi (pirveli maTgani yoveldRiurad iuwyeboda erTi saaTis, meore ki — naxevari saaTis moculobiT). 80-ian wlebSi maT daemata qurTuli gadacemebis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori q. anyosi), 90-ian wlebSi ki — berZnuli gadacemebisa (ufrosi redaqtori l. zangelidi). orive kviraSi erTxel mauwyeblobda 15 wuTis moculobiT. saxalxo meurneobis mTavar redaqciaSi (mTavari redaqtori moris mircxulava) Sevidnen: mrewvelobis, mSeneblobisa da transportis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori Tengiz 139 gelaSvili, Semdeg — lia korZaia, lamara esarTia), soflis meurneobis redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtori konstantine WanturiSvili, Semdeg — Salva gulua, dilar jvebenava) da mecnierebis da teqnikis (mogvianebiT — mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis) redaqcia (ufrosi redaqtorebi sxvadasxva periodSi: Tengiz goqsaZe, sergo gonjilaSvili, marika CxartiSvili, eldar iberi, gulnara arobeliZe, nanuli WavWaniZe). aseve cal-calke Camoyalibda sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciebi. samocian wlebs ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos sagareo radiomauwyeblobis aRmocenebac. jer kidev 50-iani wlebis bolos radiokomitetSi Camoyalibda e.w. respublikaTSorisi gadacemebis redaqcia, romelic gadacemebs ucvlida mokavSire respublikebis radiokomitetebs da 60-iani wlebidan asec ewoda — `gacvliTi gadacemebis redaqcia~ (xelmZRvaneli g. maisuraZe, Semdeg g. canava). amave redaqciaSi mzaddeboda yovelkvireuli erTsaaTiani programa `ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi TanamemamuleebisaTvis~ (ZiriTadad TurqeTsa da iranSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis), romelic moskovis radiosadguridan gadaicemoda. 1963 wels gacvliT redaqcias gamoeyo `specialuri gadacemebis redaqcia~ (anu ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis redaqcia), romlis ufrosi redaqtori 1970 wlamde, pensiaSi gasvlamde iyo akaki niJaraZe, Semdeg — Samil WiabriSvili. samociani wlebis bolos Seiqmna sazRvargareTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqcia, romelic mogvianebiT telemauwyeblobasac moicavda (mTavari redaqtori rodam CaCaniZe, 1971-1976 wlebSi — nodar beTaniSvili, Semdeg daviT SalikaSvili). igi aerTianebda qarTul enaze gadacemaTa redaqcias da e.w. specialur gadacemaTa redaqcias. pirveli ganagrZobda programis momzadebas ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi TanamemamuleebisaTvis — acnobda maT saqarTvelos ekonomikis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis mdgomareobas, mis warmatebebs msoflio arenaze, radioeTerSi axvedrebda gamoCenil qarTvel mwerlebs, msaxiobebs, kompozitorebs da a.S. farTo propagandas uwevda qarTul literaturas, Teatrsa da musikas. programis perioduloba TandaTan izrdeboda — 1968 wlidan igi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda, 1975 wlidan ki — jer sam140 jer, xolo Semdeg oTxjer (Tanac imave dRes samjer meordeboda). gadacemaze muSaobdnen: Samil WiabriSvili, gulnaz gelovani, nana lomiZe da sxv. yoveli gadacema iwyeboda sainformacio gamoSvebiT `axali ambebi samSoblodan — saqarTvelodan~. garda amisa, Tematur siuJetebTan erTad ewyoboda qarTul-Turquli da qarTul-sparsuli enebis gakveTilebi, romlebsac atarebdnen iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesorebi nodar janaSia da jemSid giunaSvili. es gakveTilebi ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Cvens Tanamemamuleebs exmareboda qarTuli enis codnis gaRrmavebaSi. rogorc erT-erTi rubrikis — `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris~ — wamyvani, fereidneli qarTveli rezo miqelaZe ixsenebda, fereidanSi Turme zustad icodnen qarTulenovani radiogadacemis dawyebis dro, ikribebodnen romelime ojaxSi, usmendnen radios da dedaenaze saubrobdnen. es radio iyo maSin saqarTvelosTan maTi kavSiris erTaderTi saSualeba. rac Seexeba specialur gadacemaTa redaqcias (rogorc zemoT iTqva, es saxeli erqva Tavidan ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis redaqcias), igi Seiqmna 1968 wels saqarTvelos kp centraluri komitetisa da ministrTa sabWos dadgenilebiT da daevala aSS-is radiosadgur `amerikis xmis~ qarTulenovani gadacemebis audiofirze Cawera, gaSifvra da manqanaze dabeWdva. dabeWdili teqstis egzemplarebi gasacnobad egzavneboda saq. kp centraluri komitetis biuros wevrebs, umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumisa da ministrTa sabWos xelmZRvanelebs, saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitets, aseve `saqinforms~, `sakdesis~ saqarTvelos ganyofilebas, centraluri respublikuri gazeTebis redaqtorebs, adgilze urigdebodaT teleradiomauwyeblobis Tavmjdomaresa da mis moadgileebs. aqve unda iTqvas, rom msgavsi redaqciebi sxva mokavSire respublikebis teleradiokomitetebSic iyo Seqmnili. es ganpirobebuli iyo mwvave ideologiuri dapirispirebiT socialistur da kapitalistur sistemebs Soris, romelmac `civi omis~ saxelwodeba miiRo da gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad mimdinareobda radioeTerSi (aSS-is prezidentma ronald reiganma Tavis droze mas `radioomic~ ki uwoda). xelisuflebas sWirdeboda zusti informacia, Tu ras gadmoscemdnen, ras 141 eubnebodnen saqarTvelos mosaxleobas antisabWouri radiosadgurebi, pirvel rigSi, `amerikis xma~, rom Semdeg amis gaTvaliswinebiT ganxorcielebuliyo saTanadod gamiznuli kontrpropaganda (gaugebaria mxolod, ratom ar Seiswavleboda aseve radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ qarTulenovani mauwyebloba, romelic Tavisi antisabWoTa xasiaTiT Tu ar aRemateboda, arafriT Camouvardeboda `amerikis xmas~). specialur gadacemaTa redaqciis pirveli xelmZRvaneli iyo jano iaSvili, Semdeg igi Secvala giorgi Ciqovanma, romelic manamde `ukanasknel cnobaTa~ mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtoris moadgiled muSaobda. `amerikis xmis~ qarTulenovan gadacemas, ase vTqvaT, `iWerdnen~ da redaqcias specialuri xaziT awvdidnen sarTiWalis radiosadguridan, saidanac amave dros xdeboda misi CaxSobac, roca saubari iyo gansakuTrebiT arasasurvel politikur sakiTxebze, qarTveli xalxis mimarT Cadenil mraval borotebaze, masobrivi msmenelisaTvis ucnob faqtebsa da detalebze. ase rom, yvela informacia wesierad im xalxsac ki ar miewodebda, visac misi mosmena da gaSifvra evaleboda. es mdgomareoba e.w. gardaqmnis epoqamde 1987 wlamde grZeldeboda (ucxouri radiosadgurebis CaxSoba ssrk ministrTa sabWos dadgenilebiT daiwyo 1949 wlidan da am `saqmiT~ dakavebuli iyo 1660 radiosadguri, romelTa saerTo simZlavre aRemateboda erTad aRebuli sabWoTa saSinao da sagareo radiosadgurebis simZlavres).1 garda aRniSnuli redaqciebisa, teleradiokomitetSi arsebobda agreTve mTargmnelTa jgufi, romelic garkveul periodSi redaqciadac iwodeboda (ufrosi redaqtori grigol msxilaZe, Semdeg mariam biniaSvili). qarTul enaze iTargmneboda ZiriTadad moskovidan da mokavSire respublikebidan miRebuli rusuli teqstebi. aq sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: n. aRniaSvili, a. burdilaZe, a. SalamberiZe, i. gamyreliZe, z. giorgobiani, m. CxeiZe, n. miqava, g. berZeniSvili, n. gverdwiTeli, n. miqaSaviZe, l. kalandaZe da sxv. 60-80-ian wlebSi kvlav intensiurad funqcionirebda radios korespondentTa qseli, romelsac sxvadasxva periodSi 1 Телерадиофир. История и современность, М., 2005, с. 168. 142 xelmZRvanelobdnen: nikoloz kikvaZe, nanuli WavWaniZe, giorgi goCitaSvili, lamara esarTia, roin Txilava. saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela regionSi muSaobda or aTeulamde e.w. zonis korespondenti — radioJurnalistebi: revaz zaqaraia, nikoloz iaralovi, lento isakovi, levan xosroSvili, abo feraZe, Salva Sengeli, givi jaxua da mravali sxva, romlebic sistematurad iZleodnen saTanado masalebs saqarTvelos qalaqebidan da raionebidan. radiomauwyeblobas hyavda Tavisi reJisorTa jgufi (mTavari reJisori guram macxonaSvili, Semdeg — vaxtang maRlaferiZe, zurab kandelaki), romelic muSaobda rogorc radiodadgmebze, ise publicistur gadacemebzec. sxvadasxva dros radioSi moRvaweobdnen: givi saginaSvili, sergo WeliZe, giorgi vasaZe, vladimer modebaZe, levan guruli, ciala qurdovaniZe, neli rusiSvili, Salva mJavanaZe, givi vladimeraSvili, badri miqaSaviZe, TaTia xaindrava, giorgi gamsaxurdia da sxv. gadacemebis profesiulad Caweras uzrunvelyofdnen xmis reJisorebi: iakob boboxiZe, Salva niJaraZe, Tamar mdivani, levan qiSmiSevi, givi jafariZe, alioSa wereTeli, lavrenti WeliZe, jemal pateiSvili, Temur piradaSvili, iuri nucubiZe, romeo ter-grigoriani, nana sanduxaZe, Tamar gogliZe da sxv., xmis operatorebi: valiko beriaSvili, nikoloz daTunaiSvili, guram mesxiSvili, nodar nanitaSvili, givi sidamoniSvili, marine darbiniani da sxv. radiomauwyeblobas hqonda fonogramebis ganyofileba (gamge r. gociriZe, Semdeg a. uruSaZe), romelic moicavda audioCanawerebis umdidres fonds (rogorc musikalurs, ise teqstobrivs) da samuSao fonoTekas (gamge j. naWyebia). mauwyeblobis teqnikur mxares uzrunvelyofda komitetis teleradiocentris Sesabamisi qvedanayofebi: radiomauwyeblobis saaparato-sastudio kompleqsi (ufrosi — vladimer TevdoraSvili, Semdeg hamlet cagareiSvili), radiomauwyeblobis (gadamcemi teqnikis) saamqro (ufrosi — Tengiz salxinaSvili), xmis Camweri saamqro (ufrosi — arjevan jafariZe, Semdeg a. kubalski, oTar quTaTelaZe, mirian kakulia, jumber xobelia), studiis gare radiogadacemaTa saamqro (ufrosi — uSangi kotoraSvili, Semdeg — omar areSiZe). aq wlebis manZilze muSa143 obda radioteqnikis bevri maRalkvalificiuri specialisti: mirian mosuliSvili, guram mesxiSvili, nikoloz kuznecovi, levan koberiZe da sxv. ase gamoiyureboda saqarTvelos radios organizaciuli struqtura 1960-70-ian wlebSi. 60-iani wlebidan garkveuli cvlileba ganicada mauwyeblobis struqturam. jer kidev 1956 wels Seiqmna saqarTvelos radios meore programa, romelic moicavda mxatvrul-musikalur gadacemebs da eTerSi yoveldRiurad gadioda 2 saaTis xangrZlivobiT — 21 saaTidan 23 saaTamde. misi warmoSoba ganpirobebuli iyo saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis kulturul-saganmanaTleblo funqciis gaZlierebiT da gansakuTrebiT ki — radios unikaluri SesaZleblobebiT musikaluri xelovnebis gavrcelebasa da propagandaSi. musikasTan erTad 60-ian wlebamde am programaSi gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia literaturul mimoxilvaTa simravle: `Jurnal `ciskris~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `mnaTobis~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `literaturuli aWaris~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `literaturnaia gruzias~ mimoxilva~, `Jurnal `druJba narodovis~ mimoxilva~, ciklebi: `axali wignebi~ da `sazRvargareTis progresuli literatura~. 1965 wlis Tebervlidan II programas `Tbilisi — 288~ ewoda (igi 288 m sigrZis talRebiT gadaicemoda) da jer naxevari, Semdeg ki erTi saaTiT gaizarda. Sesabamisad, mas daemata `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ ori xuTwuTiani gamoSveba da saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis ciklebi: `didebi da patarebi~, `meridianebi da paralelebi~, `msoflios garSemo~ da sxv. radioeTerSi musikis mzardi popularobiT unda aixsnas yoveldRiuri specialuri musikaluri programis momzadeba ultramokle talRebze. saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi 1958 wlidan ori radiosadguri muSaobda ultramokle talRebze, magram isini, grZeli, saSualo da mokletalRovani radiosadgurebis msgavsad, pirvel programas gadascemdnen da amis gamo msmenelic naklebi hyavdaT (miT umetes, rom am periodSi saqarTveloSi stabilurad muSaobda sadenebiani radiomauwyebloba, e.w. xazis radio). 1960 wlis ivlisidan axali musikaluri programa (1-2 saaTis moculobiT) pirvelad gavida eTerSi ultramokle talRebze, jer qalaqis qselTan erTad (I 144 programis Sesvenebis dros), 1961 wlis meore naxevridan ki — damoukidebeli saxiT (2, 5 — 3 saaTis moculobiT). 1963-1967 wlebSi igi yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda 13-dan 17 saaTamde, 1968-1975 wlebSi ki — 11 saaTidan da 30 wuTidan 17-19 saaTamde da moicavda yvela Janris musikalur gadacemebs. 1976 wlidan mas sxva mxatvruli gadacemebic daemata da gadaicemoda 15-dan 17 saaTamde `mxatvrul-musikaluri programis~ saxelwodebiT. saqarTveloSi musikaluri radiomauwyeblobis ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuri iyo stereofonuri mauwyeblobis dawyeba. 70-iani wlebidan calkeuli musikaluri gadacemebi, radiodadgmebi da sxv. ukve stereofonurad iwereboda da garkveuli fondic grovdeboda. 1975 wlis noembridan ki eTerSi gavida damoukidebeli stereofonuri programa, romelic diliT da saRamos gadaicemoda ultramokle talRebze (saerTo jamSi, 4-6 saaTis moculobiT). 1976-1990 wlebSi es programa ultramokletalRovan `mxatvrul-musikalur programasa~ da radiosadgur `Tbilisi — 288~-sTan erTad (romelsac 1983 wlidan radiosadguri `mTawminda~ ewoda) Seadgenda saqarTvelos radios saerTo meore programas. pirveli da meore programa dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenimejer cxaddeboda eTerSi da saTanado reklama-anotaciebis TanxlebiT ibeWdeboda teleradiokomitetis yovelkvireul organoSi — `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~. man gamosvla daiwyo 1957 wlis 17 oqtombridan qarTul enaze, mcire formatis gazeTis naxevari moculobiT, rva gverdze, saxelwodebiT `laparakobs Tbilisi~ — radio da telegadacemaTa programebi, gamomcemeli saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis saxelmwifo komiteti; programebTan erTad igi moicavda calkeuli gadacemebisa da filmebis anotacia-reklamebs, Sesabamis ilustraciebs da sxv. 1960 wlis 1 ianvridan gamodioda paraskeobiT, mcire formatis gazeTis moculobiT, oTx gverdze; 1967 wlis 24 martidan ewoda `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~. 1980 wlis ianvridan gazeTi rvagverdiani gaxda da qarTulTan erTad rusul enazec beWdavda rogorc saqarTvelos teleradioprogramebs, ise centraluri televiziis I-II programebs, reklamaanotaciebs, werilebs, mimoxilvebs da sxv. gazeTis pirveli 145 redaqtori iyo givi dvaliSvili, Semdeg gazeTs redaqtorobdnen: karlo faliani, aleqsandre mgelaZe, SoTa gigauri, aleko miTaiSvili. sxvadasxva periodSi gazeTSi muSaobdnen: a. soxaZe, i. mSvenieraZe, c. meqvabiSvili, e. laRiZe, n. zariZe, l. kenWaZe, l. rusaZe, l. afxazava, d. ficxelauri, o. iaSaRaSvili da sxv. saqarTvelos radios kviris programebs sistematurad beWdavdnen agreTve respublikuri gazeTebi `komunisti~ da `zaria vostoka~. iSviaTi, gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis garda, dabeWdili programa ucvlelad gadaicemoda eTerSi, rac saSualebas iZleva Tvali gavadevnoT, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos radios samauwyeblo struqturis ganviTarebas TiTqmis 30 wlis manZilze, xolo, meore mxriv, 1957-1984 wlebSi mimdinare socialur-politikuri procesebis asaxvas qarTul radioJurnalistikaSi. samauwyeblo bade (radiogadacemebis met-naklebad stabiluri ganrigi) saqarTvelos radioSi jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi dainerga da, cxadia, rom 60-ian wlebSi igi sakmaod mtkiced aris Camoyalibebuli. yovel redaqcias kviris programaSi Tavisi mudmivi dRe da saaTebi aqvs gamoyofili (magaliTad, samSabaTi, oTxSabaTi da SabaTi axalgazrdobis dReebia, paraskevi — samecniero-saganmanaTleblo gadacemebis, 17.30 — 18.00-is farglebSi yoveldRiuradaa sabavSvo gadacema da a.S.). mtkicedaa daculi rubrikaciis principi, rac uzrunvelyofs informaciis tipizaciisa da radiosTvis damaxasiaTebeli seriulobis praqtikul ganxorcielebas. gamokveTilia samauwyeblo blokebis sistema da a.S. drodadro bade qveyndeba kidec programa-gazeTSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ (magaliTad, 1962 wlis 12 oqtombers daibeWda `saqarTvelos radios gadacemebis ganrigi Semodgoma-zamTris periodSi 1962 wlis 15 oqtombridan~. aseve iyo Semdgom wlebSic). ase rom, programa ZiriTadad unificirebulia rogorc Tematikis, ise auditoriis mixedviT. miuxedavad amisa, 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi jer kidev gvxvdeba iseTi zogadi rubrikebi, rogoricaa: `gadacema sazogadoebriv-politikur Temaze~, `gadacema mrewvelobis Temaze~ da a.S. xSiria calkeuli, erTjeradi gadacemebi, rac miuTiTebs, rom yvela redaqcias rodi aqvs gaazrebuli da dasistemebuli Tavisi mauwyebloba. amas garkve146 ulwilad, ganapirobebs mimdinare socialur-politikur movlenebze `operatiuli reagirebis~ aucileblobac — TiTqmis yoveli dadgenileba Tu gadawyvetileba, romelic ama Tu im partiul-saxelmwifoebriv RonisZiebas exeba, moiTxovs axali radio- da teleciklebis SemoRebas, aRniSnuli RonisZiebis farTod gaSuqebas. arcTu iSviaTad, movlenas rom operatiulad `gamoexmauron~, redaqciebi ukve arsebul cikls an rubrikas axal rubrikaSi aTavseben da axali saxelwodebiT gadascemen (magaliTad, `skkp XXVI yrilobis gadawyetilebani — cxovrebaSi~, ciklidan — `sasursaTo programa moqmedebaSi~, saubari — `qarTuli puris aRorZinebisaTvis~ — 1983. 13. 04). aseTi `misadageba~ aucilebelia Tundac imitom, rom, rogorc wesi, saq. kp centralur komitetSi sistematurad igzavneba gasacnobad radioredaqciebis wliuri, kvartaluri da Tviuri gegmebi da aravis ar unda Seeparos eWvi, rom saqarTvelos radio ar iTvaliswinebs partiisa da xelisuflebis moTxovnebs. programis swor dabalansebas, mauwyeblobis optimaluri struqturis Camoyalibebas aZnelebs agreTve sakavSiro radios gadacemebis savaldebulo CarTva respublikur programaSi. garda imisa, rom saqarTvelos radioSi sistematurad mzaddeboda publicisturi, mxatvruli da sabavSvo gadacemebi rusul enaze (gansakuTrebiT 1960-1970 wlebSi), moskovidan translirebuli gadacemebis moculobam 1990 wlis bolosTvis 7 saaTs miaRwia: respublikur radioprogramaSi erTveboda sakavSiro `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ 5-6 gamoSveba, `milionTa leninuri universiteti~, `pionerskaia zorka~, `Celovek i zakon~, `zemlia i liudi~, `vremia, sobitia, liudi~, `radiostancia `iunost~ da mravali sxva. aRarafers vityviT leninis, oqtombris revoluciis Tu didi samamulo omis saiubileo TariRebze, sayrilobo gadacemebze da a.S. TiTqmis yovel sakavSiro rubrikas saqarTvelos radioSi hqonda Sesabamisi qarTuli rubrika, xSirad ki igive saxelwodebac: `adamiani da kanoni~, `radiosadguri `siWabuke~, `saerTaSoriso mimoxilva~, `partiuli cxovreba~, `sabWoebi da cxovreba~, `axali wignebi~ da a.S. bevri rubrikis masalebi iTargmneboda da sistematurad gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radioeTerSi (`milionTa leninuri universiteti~, `leninuri 147 almanaxi~, `didebi da patarebi~ da sxv.). Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos radioc iRebda garkveul monawileobas sakavSiro radioprogramaSi. garda imisa, rom sakavSiro eTerSi drodadro gadaicemoda qarTveli radioJurnalistebis namuSevrebi (ufro xSirad saiubileo da sazeimo dReebSi, did politikur movlenebTan dakavSirebiT), yovelwliurad ewyoboda e.w. `moZme respublikebis radiofestivalebi~ — sakavSiro radios programaSi erTi dRe eTmoboda ama Tu im respublikas, ufro zustad, dRis programaSi 2-3 saaTis saerTo moculobiT CarTuli iyo respublikuri radios mier momzadebuli gadacemebi. Cveni respublikis programa umetes SemTxvevaSi 25 Tebervals, saqarTvelos gasabWoebis dRes gadaicemoda. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom sakavSiro radios Tavisi korespondentebic hyavda saqarTveloSi. maT teleradiocentris SenobaSi gamoyofili hqondaT xmis Camweri studia, sxva teqnikuri saSualebani da sistematurad awvdidnen masalebs sakavSiro radios sxvadasxva redaqciebs, ZiriTadad ki `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcias (60-70-ian wlebSi korespondentebad muSaobdnen marlen lobJaniZe da mixeil fiCxaZe). saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, miuxedavad zemoT aRniSnuli xarvezebisa, saqarTvelos radios pirveli programa (meore programa, rogorc vnaxeT, gansxvavebuli, specializebuli xasiaTisaa) warmoadgenda publicisturi, mxatvruli da saganmanaTleblo informaciis Semcvel mwyobr, mizanmimarTul sistemas, romelsac zustad gansazRvruli sazogadoebrivi funqciebis Sesruleba evaleboda. sabWoTa saqarTvelos radio mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze saerTo-sakavSiro teleradiomauwyeblobis ganuyofel nawils Seadgenda da, cxadia, damoukidebeli samauwyeblo politika ar gaaCnda. misi politika emyareboda zemoT ganxilul marqsistul-leninur Sexedulebebs Jurnalistikis rolsa da adgilze saxelmwifos politikur struqturaSi, ganisazRvreboda partiuli gadawyvetilebebiTa da dadgenilebebiT, romlebic saerTo iyo yvela sabWoTa sainformacio saSualebisaTvis, uSualod eqvemdebareboda partiuli organoebis kontrolsa da miTiTebebs. ra Tqma unda, aTeuli wlebis manZilze mauwyeblobis struqtura ar SeiZleboda ucvleli darCeniliyo — socia148 lur-politikuri procesebis Sesabamisad icvleboda Tematika, ixveweboda Janrebi da formebi, ufro srulad gamoiyeneboda radios specifikuri SesaZleblobani. magram ucvleli rCeboda Zalismieri programirebis principi. radioprograma gamoxatavda komunikatoris — saqarTvelos radios, rogorc saxelmwifo informaciuli organos — Tvalsazrissa da interesebs. radioSi naTqvami sityva aRiqmeboda oficiozis azris gamomxatvelad, xelisuflebis naTqvam sityvad. nebismieri gadacemis xarisxi ganisazRvreboda ara auditoriis interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis, masze zemoqmedebis efeqtianobis mixedviT, aramed upirvelesad teqstis `ideurobiT~ — arsebul ideologiur dogmebTan SesabamisobiT. amgvar publicistikas msmeneli TiTqos arc sWirdeboda, igi ZiriTadad zemdgomi organoebis moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebaze iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. Zneli warmosadgenia, rom masobrivi msmeneli hyoloda `pravdis~ mowinave statias~, `milionTa leninur universitets~, `mecnieruli komunizmis safuZvlebs~, `socialisturi Sejibrebis dRiurs~, `partiul cxovrebas~ da mraval sxva msgavs gadacemas, romlebic aTeuli wlebis manZilze mudmivad iyo saqarTvelos radios programaSi. sabWoTa radiopropaganda Tavisi sworxazovnebis gamo ar SeiZleboda efeqtiani yofiliyo. igi mxolod garduvalobis STabeWdilebas qmnida (iseve, rogorc sayovelTao savaldebulo politikuri swavleba) da totalurobisa da monopoliurobis xarjze Tu axerxebda raime zemoqmedebas sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaze. radiopropagandis es ZiriTadi niSan-Tviseba gamoixata sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli stereotipiT — `ra radiosaviT laparakob~, aisaxa xelovnebis nawarmoebebSi (sakmarisia gavixsenoT kinofilmebi: `giorgobisTve~, `laqa~, `aRdgoma~, sadac daZabul, dramatul situaciebSi radioreproduqtori meqanikurad dudunebs miRweul warmatebebsa da partiis mier dasaxul axal amocanebze). amave dros, erTgvar paradoqsad warmogvidgeba is mdgomareoba, rom yvela partiuli dadgenileba masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa Sesaxeb moiTxovs auditoriis Seswavlas da sazogadoebis sxvadasxva jgufebis interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebas. 60-ian wlebSi metad popularu149 lia radiomsmenelTa daswrebuli Tu dauswrebeli konferenciebi (80-ian wlebSi igi Seicvala radio-televiziis dReebiT — sxvadasxva regionSi redaqciebis gasvliT). didi mniSvneloba eniWeba radiomsmenelebis fostas, romelic xSirad gadacemis xarisxianobis ZiriTad kriteriumad aris miCneuli (Tumca werilebis umravlesoba musikalur dakveTebs Seexeba, anda, iSviaTad, saCivars warmoadgens). aqedan gamomdinare, werilebi upiratesad gamoiyeneba musikalur ciklebSi (`koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~, `saRamo mSvidobisa~, `studenturi diskoTeka~ da a.S.) da kritikul gadacemebSi (`redaqciaSi werili movida~, `roca redaqciaSi werili modis~ da sxv.). SedarebiT gvian daiwyo teleradiokomitetSi sazogadoebrivi azris SeswavlisTvis sociologiuri meTodebis gamoyeneba. mxolod 1978 wlis bolos Camoyalibda Sesabamisi organizaciuli struqtura — sociologiuri kvlevisa da mecnieruli programirebis mTavari redaqcia (samecniero centri). marTalia, ramdenime wliT adre komitetSi orkaciani samecniero-meToduri ganyofilebac arsebobda, magram mas seriozul gamokvlevebze xeli ar miuwvdeboda. samecniero centrs ki, sadac sakmao Zalebma moiyara Tavi, evaleboda `tele- da radioauditoriis sistematuri da gegmazomieri Seswavla, misi interesebis, moTxovnilebebis, erovnuli da fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebis gamokvleva da programirebis mecnieruli rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba~. centri ZiriTadad televiziis problemebiT iyo dakavebuli da radioauditorias lokalurad swavlobda regionebSi radio-televiziis dReebis mowyobisas. yovelive zemoTqmuli saqarTvelos radios funqcionirebis principebisa da meTodebis Sesaxeb upiratesad publicistur mauwyeblobas Seexeba. kulturul-saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba — literaturis, xelovnebis, mecnierebis propaganda — ra Tqma unda, aseve eqvemdebareboda xelisuflebis kontrols, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom TviTon kultura erovnuli fenomenia (Tumca iTvleboda, rom sabWoTa erebis kultura mxolod formiT iyo erovnuli, SinaarsiT ki — socialisturi), misi gavrceleba xels uwyobda erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebas, radiomsmenelebis patriotul aRzrdas. Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli Tavisi arsebo150 bis manZilze saqarTvelos radiom udidesi roli Seasrula erovnuli kulturis dacvasa da ganviTarebaSi, qarTveli radiomsmenelebisaTvis sxvadasxva eris kulturis (ZiriTadad musikaluri da literaturuli nawarmoebebis) gacnobaSi, zogadsakacobrio humanisturi Rirebulebebis gavrcelebasa da damkvidrebaSi. radios ganviTarebis axal etapze naTlad gamoCnda, rom misi specifika ucvleli ar aris. eTerSi zepiri saubris pirdapirma gadacemam da dokumenturi magnituri Canaweris farTod gamoyenebam sabolood Camoacila radiopublicistika sagazeTo Jurnalistikis gavlenas. televiziis damkvidrebam ki aiZula radio isev specifikis gaRrmavebaze ezruna, rac gamoixata rogorc axali formebis ZiebiT, ise, ufro metad, auditoriis sxvadasxva jgufis Sesabamisad gadacemebis diferenciaciiTa da funqciebis dakonkretebiT. sazogadoebis gansxvavebuli jgufebis moTxovnilebaTa gaTvaliswineba yovelTvis iTvleboda radiomauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad principad, magram am periodSi man umaRles dones miaRwia da radios specifikur Tvisebad iqca. es procesi 60-iani wlebidan aSkarad gamoikveTa sazRvargareTis qveynebis radiomauwyeblobaSi sxvadasxva formatis radiosadgurebis masobrivi warmoSobiT. saqarTveloSi (da, saerTod, mTel kavSirSi) radioarxebis amgvari, misamarTis mixedviT diferenciacia, naklebad sagrZnobi iyo, rac, upirvelesad, sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobis mkacri centralizaciiT iyo ganpirobebuli da ZiriTadad warimarTa programis (arxis) SigniT rubrikaciis gafarToebis xarjze. calke radiosadgurebi mosaxleobis sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis ar Seqmnila. arc saqarTvelos radios II programas hyolia sakuTari auditoria 40 wlis manZilze. televiziasTan konkurenciam, mauwyeblobis maqsimalur diferenciaciasTan erTad, gamoiwvia kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Sedegi — funqciebis gadanawileba maT Soris, rac aseve mkveTrad gamoCnda sazRvargareTis mauwyeblobaSi: radio daspecialda axali ambebisa da musikis gadacemaSi. `axali ambebi plus musika~ ucxoeTis radiosadgurebis umravlesobis erT-erT ZiriTad principad iqca. 151 sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobaSi arc am process hqonia gamokveTili xasiaTi. sakavSiro radioSi igi amoiwura 1964 wels axali, sadReRamiso sainformacio-musikaluri arxis `maiakis~ (imave meore programis) SeqmniT. saqarTveloSi ki msgavsi funqciuri specializaciis magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gacilebiT gvian, 80-ian wlebSi, vrceli sainformacio-musikaluri blokis, radiosadgur `macnesa~ da sainformacio-musikaluri programebis — `pikis saaTisa~ da `dilis talRis~ warmoSoba. 2. mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani informaciuli mauwyebloba. axal ambebs, operatiul sainformacio gamoSvebebs radiomauwyeblobaSi yovelTvis wamyvani adgili eWira da, Sesabamisad, informaciis mTavari redaqcia erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan rgols warmoadgenda saqarTvelos radios organizaciul struqturaSi. bevrma Jurnalistma aq gaiara profesiuli momzadebis skola da igi ricxobrivadac aRemateboda sxva redaqciebs. 50-iani wlebis bolodan da 60-iani wlebidan aq muSaobdnen g. maisuraZe, a. margvelaSvili, z. maxaraZe, g. mRebriSvili, a. buzukaSvili, m. balaxaZe, m. biniaSvili, a. gegeWkori, g. TevzaZe, T. kobalaZe, d. kikvaZe, k. faliani da sxv. 60-iani wlebis meore naxevridan da 70-ian wlebSi maTi nawili sxva redaqciebSi gadavida, magram informaciul mauwyeblobaSi movidnen: g. qvriviSvili, v. dvali, m. adamia, S. adomliSvili, g. gelovani, r. avazaSvili, d. askurava, g. goCitaSvili, i. burWulaZe, l. gordaZe, v. samadaZe da sxv. 1957-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi sainformacio gamoSvebebs isev `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ ewodeboda, Tumca maTi perioduloba, qronometraJi da eTerSi gasvlis dro garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida. yoveldRiurad, Cveulebriv, 6-7 gamoSveba gadaicemoda: pirveli, 10-wuTiani gamoSveba adrian diliT, programis gaxsnisTanave, 6 saaTsa da 5 wuTze gadioda eTerSi, bolo, 5-wuTiani gamoSveba ki asrulebda dRis programas 23 saaTsa da 55 wuTze. es pirvel programaze, meore programiT ki yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ kidev ori 5-wuTiani gamoSveba. garda amisa, mzaddeboda 152 `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ rusulenovani gamoSveba saxelwodebiT — `respublikuri cnobebi rusul enaze~, romelic 1980 wlamde, kviradRis garda, yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda 18 saaTsa da 30 wuTze 15 wuTis moculobiT. 1980-1986 wlebSi, paraskevs `pikis saaTis~ Casmis gamo, man gadmoinacvla 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTze (mxolod am dRes), magram 1986 wlis meore naxevridan kvlav daubrunda Cveul adgils. am gamoSvebas amzadebda calke jgufi, romelSic sxvadasxva dros Sediodnen: evgeni domoracki, kora wereTeli, mixeil fiCxaZe, Tamaz kandelaki, mzia kutivaZe, liudmila praga da sxv. mravalwliani praqtikis safuZvelze Camoyalibda sainformacio gamoSvebis agebis sami ZiriTadi proncipi: 1. informaciaSi asaxuli movlenis sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswineba (masalebis ganlageba aqtualurobis mixedviT); 2. Tematuri erTianobis dacva (erT Temaze informaciebi erTad unda dajgufdes, magaliTad, politikuri, ekonomikuri, kulturuli Tu sxva niSniT); 3. masalebis geografiuli ganawileba (Tu informaciebi daaxloebiT erTnairi mniSvnelobisaa, Tanamimdevrulad unda ganlagdes regionuli, respublikuri Tu saerTaSoriso ambebi). `ukanaskneli cnobebisa~ da `respublikuri cnobebis~ gamoSvebebi 1957-1984 wlebSi dRis manZilze qvemoT moyvanili ganrigiT gadaicemoda (ix. cxrili). `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ operatiulad asaxavda respublikis politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli cxovrebis aqtualur movlenebs (ra Tqma unda, sakavSiro da saerTaSoriso informaciasTan erTad), magram maTi informaciuli datvirTva dRis manZilze, cxadia, erTnairi ar iyo. diliT, rogorc wesi, gadaicemoda wina dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia, 11 saaTidan TandaTan iwyeboda mimdinare dRis movlenebis gaSuqeba, rac ufro srulad aisaxeboda 17-18 da 19.30-20 saaTis 1015-wuTian gamoSvebebSi. dRis Sejameba xdeboda yvelaze vrcel, 20-wuTian gamoSvebaSi 22 saaTsa da 30 wuTze. informaciebs, rogorc wesi, diqtorebis wyvili — qali da mamakaci — kiTxulobda. gamoSveba xSirad Seicavda dokumentur Canawerebs: mokle gamosvlebs, interviuebs, reportaJebs, komentarebs. 153 154 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 (kviris garda) 17.00 (kviris garda) 17.00 17.00 17.00 1959 _ 06.05, 10.30, 14.05, 1960 _ 06.05, 10.30, 14.05, 1961 _ 06.05, 10.30, 13.30, 1962 _ 06.05, 09.45, 13.30, 1963-1964 _ 06.05, 11.00, 1965-1967 _ 06.05, 11.00, 1968 _ 06.05, 11.00, 1969-1970 _ 06.05, 11.30, 1971-1977 _ 06.05, 11.30, 12.10 (oTxS. da SabaTkviris garda), 1978-1981 _ 06.05, 11.30, 12.10 (SabaT-kviris garda), 1982 _ 06.05, 11.30, 12.10 (SabaT-kviris garda), 1982-1984 _ 06.05, 11.00, 12.10 (oTxS. da SabaTkviris garda), 18.00 (parask. garda) 18.00 (parask. Sab. garda) 18.00 (Sab. garda) 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00 (rus) 1957-1958 _ 06.05, 10.30, 22.30, 23.55 22.30, 23.55 22.30, 23.55 22.30, 23.50 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 19.00 (kviras), 19.30, 19.30, 22.30, 23.55 22.30, 23.55 19.30 (Sab.-kvir. garda), 22.30, 23.50 19.30 (kviris garda), 19.30 (kviris garda), 20.00 (kviris garda), 20.00 (kviris garda), 19.00 (kviris garda), 19.00 (kviris garda), 19.00 (kviris garda), 19.00 (kviris garda), 23.00 19.30 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 22.30, 23.55 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 18.30 (rus.), 19.00 (kviris garda), zogierTi gamoSveba Tematuri xasiaTisa iyo. ase magaliTad, 1960-1970 wlebSi kviradRes, 17 saaTze `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ nacvlad gadaicemoda 10-15-wuTiani `saerTaSoriso mimoxilva~, 1970 wlis noembris bolodan igi Seicvala 10-wuTiani `msoflios erTi kviris ambebiT~ (1978-1982 wlebSi man gadainacvla SabaT dRes, 18 saaTze). aseve Tematuri xasiaTi hqonda sainformacio gamoSvebas sasoflo-sasursaTo warmoebaze, romelic 1984 wlis aprilidan 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTis gamoSvebis magivrad saxelwodebiT — `agrosamrewvelo kompleqsi: sadReiso sazrunavi~. `ukanaskneli cnobebi~ rubrikebis sistemaze iyo agebuli, rac mas saSualebas aZlevda seriulad, xangrZlivi drois manZilze gaeSuqebina esa Tu is Tema da amave dros operatiulad gamoxmaureboda yvela mniSvnelovan movlenas (axali rubrikis SemotaniT). ase magaliTad, 1960 wlis 29 ivliss gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi~ iuwyeboda: `ras vakeTebT teqnikuri progresisaTvis~ — aseTi rubrika SemoiRo saqarTvelos radios `ukanasknel cnobaTa~ redaqciam. yoveldRe, 19 saaTis gamoSvebaSi mikrofonTan gamodian Cveni respublikis sawarmoTa xelmZRvanelebi, samecniero-kvleviTi institutebis muSakebi, konstruqtorebi, inJinrebi, racionalizatorebi. isini laparakoben imaze, Tu rogor ibrZvian sawarmoo koleqtivebi warmoebaSi mecnierebisa da teqnikis uaxlesi miRwevebis danergvisaTvis, skkp centraluri komitetis ivlisis plenumis dadgenilebaTa gansaxorcieleblad. `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ 19 saaTis gamoSvebaSi gaCnda kidev erTi axali rubrika — `laparakoben komunisturi Sromis adamianebi~. mikrofonTan gamodian is adamianebi, vinc dRes ukeT Sromobs, vidre guSin. komunisturi Sromis adamianebi samSoblos, xalxs aZleven pirobas, rom warmatebiT Seasruleben nakisr valdebulebebs. xolo imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor sruldeba es valdebulebani, giambobT `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ axali rubrika `icnobdeT, isini komunisturi Sromis adamianebi arian~. `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia aseve operatiulad gamoexmaura skkp centraluri komitetis 1964 wlis Tebervlis plenums, romelmac ganixila skkp centraluri komitetis ma155 Sindeli pirveli mdivnis n. xruSCovis moxseneba — `warmoebis intensifikacia soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis mTavari mimarTulebaa~ da miiRo dadgenileba ekonomikis Semdgomi ganviTarebis, kvebis produqtebze xalxis mzardi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis Sesaxeb. 21 Tebervlidan eTerSi gamoCnda rubrika `avamoqmedoT soflis meurneobis intensifikaciis rezervebi~.1 ar yofila kompartiis arc erTi yriloba, plenumi, saiubileo TariRi, politikuri RonisZieba (sakavSiro Tu respublikuri), Svidwledi Tu xuTwledi, sasursaTo programis Tu xarisxis amaRlebis kampania, rom mas specialuri rubrikiT ar gamoxmaurebodes `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqcia. Camoyalibda rubrikebis tipuri saxelwodebebi: `... yrilobis Tu plenumis Sesaxvedrad~, `... yrilobis Tu plenumis gadawyvetilebani — cxovrebaSi~, `leninis iubiles Tu samamulo omis wlisTavis Sesaxvedrad~, `xarisxi — upirvelesi sazrunavi~, `ekonomikuri reforma moqmedebs~ da a.S. periodulad mzaddeboda Tematuri gamoSvebebi sxvadasxva kampaniasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, 1980 wels 8 oqtombridan sami kviris manZilze — orSabaTs, samSabaTs, oTxSabaTs da xuTSabaTs — 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTze `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ adgili eWira aTwuTian specialur sainformacio gamoSvebas `rTveli-80~, xolo 1984 wlis 17 seqtembridan ori kviris ganmavlobaSi `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ 17 saaTis gamoSvebas yoveldRiurad cvlida specialuri sainformacio programa `rTvelSia saqarTvelos studentoba~ (15 wuTi). aseve, 1982 wlis ivnisidan oqtombris bolomde 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTis `ukanasknel cnobebs~ yoveldRiurad enacvleboda aTwuTiani sainformacio gamoSveba `qarTuli Cais prestiJisaTvis~ (seqtembridan — `qarTuli Cais RirsebisaTvis~). aseTi mimdinare TemebisTvis xSirad icvleboda `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSveba xuTSabaTobiT, 18 saaTze. magaliTad, leninis dabadebis 100 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, am droSi 1969 wlis 24 aprilidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaicemoda xuTwuTiani sainformacio radiobiuleteni — `amierkavkasiis respublikebi v. i. leninis iubi1 gaz. `laparakobs Tbilisi~, 1961, 21.02, # 8. 156 les Sesaxvedrad~. 1976 wels, ianvar-TebervalSi amave droSi Cajda yovelkvireuli xuTwuTiani sainformacio gamoSveba — `amierkavkasiis moZme sabWoTa respublikebSi~ (igi eZRvneboda skkp 25-e yrilobas, romelic 24 Tebervals gaixsna). drodadro respublikur eTerSi calke sainformacio gamoSvebis saxiT gamoCndeboda xolme avtonomiuri regionebis axali ambebic, romlebsac adgilobrivi radiokomitetebi amzadebdnen. magaliTad, 1960 wels, oTxSabaTobiT, 11 saaTze monacvleobiT gadaicemoda 15-wuTiani programebi: `laparakobs soxumi!~ `laparakobs baTumi!~, `laparakobs staliniri!~ (1962 wlidan — cxinvali). 1961-1962 wlebSi man gadainacvla xuTSabaTs, 11 saaTze, 1963 wels ki — 12 saaTze. 1964 wlidan es gamoSvebebi Sewyda da ganaxlda mxolod 15 wlis Semdeg: 1978 wlis ivnisidan 1987 wlis bolomde, xuTSabaTobiT, 18 saaTze, morigeobiT gadaicemoda `afxazeTis axali ambebi~, `aWaris axali ambebi~, `samxreT oseTis axali ambebi~ (10 wuTis moculobiT). 1988 wels am gadacemebma paraskeobiT, 18 saaTze gadainacvla saxelwodebiT — `radiogadaZaxili: xazzea soxumi (baTumi, cxinvali)~ — TbilisSi firze Cawerili gadacemebi ki aRar igzavneboda, aramed pirdapir respublikur eTerSi erTvebodnen adgilobrivi radiostudiebi. 1978-1980 wlebSi TveSi erTxel, xuTSabaTs, 18 saaTze (es dro danarCen sam xuTSabaTs, rogorc aRvniSneT, avtonomiur regionebs eTmoboda), gadaicemoda `Tbilisis axali ambebi~ (10 wuTi). magram aseTi perioduloba dedaqalaqis siaxleebisTvis namdvilad ar iyo sakmarisi da 1981-1982 wlebSi man yovelkvireuli programis saxe miiRo — gadaicemoda yovel oTxSabaTs, 18 saaTze, 10 wuTis moculobiT. aseTi saxiT warmogvidgeba saqarTvelos radios sainformacio gamoSvebebi 1957-1984 wlebSi. TiTqmis sami aTeuli wlis manZilze maTi tradiciuli forma da kompoziciuri struqtura arsebiTad ar Secvlila. magram, rogorc aRvniSneT, eTerSi monopoliis dakargvam da informaciis axal, audiovizualur saSualebasTan mZlavrma konkurenciam aiZula radio aqtiurad ezruna Tavisi auditoriis SenarCunebisaTvis, rac upirvelesad sakuTari specifikuri formebis ZiebiT gamoixata da ganapiroba eTerSi informaciul-musikaluri programe157 bis damkvidreba. mas safuZvlad daedo `jer erTi, radios didi upiratesoba operatiuli informaciisa da musikis gavrcelebis mxriv (isini emyareba radios or ZiriTad specifikur Tvisebas — translaciurobas, rac operatiulobis safuZvelia da akustikurobas, romelic yvelaze metad Seesabameba musikis bgeriT bunebas) da, meore, audioinformaciis aRqmis Tavisebureba — informaciis uwyveti miwodeba garkveuli drois Semdeg adunebs msmenelis yuradRebas, musikis CarTva ki ganmuxtavs am mdgomareobas da ganawyobs mas Semdgomi informaciis mosasmenad~.1 amas garkveulad Seuwyo xeli agreTve radioJurnalebis radioprogramebad gardaqmnis tendenciam, iseTi krebiTi formebis damkvidrebam, sadac calkeuli masalebi wamyvanis, Jurnalistis pirovnebiT aris gaerTianebuli da aucileblad iTvaliswinebs improvizaciis, auditoriisadmi pirdapiri mimarTvis momentebs. tradiciuli sainformacio gamoSvebis naxevrad oficialuri tonisagan gansxvavebiT sainformacio-musikaluri programisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia zepiri sityvis specifikis gaTvaliswineba, Txrobis sasaubro stili, teqstebisa da musikaluri nomrebis lakoniuroba. rac mTavaria, aseT formebSi maqsimalurad gamoiyeneba pirdapiri eTeris upiratesobani. teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT, sainformacio gamoSvebebi yovelTvis pirdapir mauwyeblobas miekuTvneboda da `cocxlad~ gadaicemoda eTerSi (ra Tqma unda, maTSi CarTuli dokumenturi Canawerebis gamoklebiT), magram moklebuli iyo yovelgvar improvizacias — guldasmiT redaqtirebul teqstebs diqtorebi ucvlelad kiTxulobdnen eTerSi (maT arc SeeZloT raimes Secvla, kidec rom moendomebinaT). sainformacio-musikaluri programis wamyvani Jurnalisti ki pirdapir eTerSi telefoniT moipovebs sxvadasxva cnobas, esaubreba studiaSi mosul stumars, ekamaTeba an eTanxmeba Tavis partniors da a.S. aranaklebi mniSvneloba aqvs imasac, rom programaSi Tavidanve cxaddeba saTanado telefonis nomrebi da msmenels saSualeba eZleva uSualod gadacemis procesSi daukavSirdes wamyvanebs, miawodos Tavisi azri, Txovna Tu kritikuli SeniSvna. 1 iberi e. radioJurnalistika, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 113. 158 saqarTvelos radioSi pirveli sainformacio-musikaluri programa iyo `naSuadRevs~, romelic 1979 wlis 31 agvistodan 16 noembris CaTvliT yovel paraskevs gadaicemoda saRamos 18 saaTze, sanam am dros `pikis saaTi~ daikavebda. igi specialurad Seiqmna im mizniT, rom msmeneli `waerTmia~ `amerikis xmis~ qarTuli programisaTvis, romelic am dros gamodioda eTerSi — amitom iyo nebadarTuli masSi sazRvargareTis popularuli moduri saestrado musikis CarTva, risi uflebac sxva programebs ar hqondaT. `naSuadRevis~ gadacema ganaxlda 1981 wlis 15 aprilidan, oTxSabaTobiT, misi saxelwodebisaTvis ufro Sesaferis dros — 12 saaTsa da 10 wuTze, 50 wuTis moculobiT. 1982 wels misi xangrZlivoba erT saaTamde gaizarda (12-dan 13 saaTamde), magram 1983 wlidan 1986 wlis 15 aprilamde isev 50 wuTi gaxda da kvlav 12.10-ze gadaicemoda. 15 aprilidan wlis bolomde `naSuadRevs~ samSabaTobiT gadaicemoda 12 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, magram Semdeg wels aRar gagrZelebula, radgan am droisaTvis `pikis saaTi~ yovel samuSao dRes ukve orjer gadioda eTerSi. `pikis saaTSi~ praqtikuli ganxorcieleba pova sainformacio-musikaluri programis yvela niSan-Tvisebam, romlebic zemoT ganvixileT. mis SeqmnaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT radioJurnalistebs v. nanitaSvilsa da g. leJavas, mogvianebiT ki — n. jafariZes, d. Sonavas, S. gegeWkors da sxv. saqarTvelos radios kviris dabeWdil programaSi `pikis saaTi~ pirvelad gamoCnda 1979 wlis 23 noembers, paraskevs, 18 saaTze, erTi saaTis moculobiT da yovelTvis am dros gadaicemoda wlis bolomde. 1980 wlis 13 oqtombridan mas kidev daemata erTi gamoSveba orSabaTobiT, 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, romelmac 1983 wlidan 1986 wlis ivlisis CaTvliT 7 saaTsa da 40 wuTze gadainacvla. `pikis saaTis~ identuri iyo sainformacio-musikaluri programa `dilis talRa~, im gansxvavebiT, rom informaciis ki ara, musikaluri programebis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda (avtori da wamyvani — gela leJava). igi 1982 wlis 27 martidan yovel paraskevs gadioda 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, 30 wuTis moculobiT. 1987 wlidan masac `pikis saaTi~ daerqva da CaerTo am programis xuTdRian sistemaSi. metad sagulisxmoa saqarTvelos radios programaSi in159 formaciul-musikaluri (Tu informaciul-mxatvruli) blokebis Seqmnis praqtika. pirveli aseTi cda jer kidev 70-iani wlebis dasawyisSi iyo: 1971 wlis 13 agvistodan maTTvis, visac 12-dan 13 saaTamde Sesveneba hqonda (ZiriTadad fabrika-qarxnebis muSebisaTvis), saqarTvelos radiom paraskeobiT SemoiRo gadacemaTa bloki (anu `rkali~, rogorc maSin uwodebdnen). masSi Sedioda sawarmoo tanvarjiSi, `ukanasknel cnobaTa~ gamoSveba, komentari saerTaSoriso Temaze, gamoCenili poetebis leqsebi, nawyvetebi speqtaklebidan, pasuxi radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze da, ra Tqma unda, musika. radiomsmenelebs sTxovdnen Tavad SeerCiaT musikaluri, literaturuli Tu dramatuli nawarmoebebi (cxadia, mcire zomisa an nawyvetis saxiT), gamoegzavnaT SekiTxvebi da winadadebebi.1 `maTTvis, visac axla Sesveneba aqvs~ 1980 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda da yovel paraskevs rogorc eTerSi, ise gazeTSi dabeWdil programaSi cxaddeboda koncertis Semdgeneli pirovnebis vinaoba (rogorc wesi — `mowinave~ muSis, kolmeurnis Tu inteligentis). sxva gadacemebidan, romlebsac 1957-1984 wlebSi amzadebda informaciis mTavari redaqcia, aRsaniSnavia qarTuli da rusuli respublikuri gazeTebis yoveldRiuri mimoxilva (garda orSabaTisa) 9.30-10.00-is farglebSi. 1979-1984 wlebSi mas daemata gazeTi `pravdis~ aseve yoveldRiuri (garda kviradRisa) mimoxilva qarTul enaze (11.10, 20 an 30 wuTze) — rusulad igi Tavidanve iyo CarTuli saqarTvelos radios pirvel programaSi moskovidan translaciis saxiT. aseve, Tavidanve (1939 wlidan) gadaicemoda da kvlav grZeldeboda radiomsmenelebisaTvis qarTulad Targmnili `pravdis~ mowinave statiis miwodeba (garda SabaT-kvirisa) — igulisxmeboda, rom igi yoveldRiurad iZleoda drois Sesabamis direqtivebs. yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda gancxadebebic da cnoba amindis Sesaxeb. informaciis mTavari redaqciis funqcias Seadgenda agreTve mniSvnelovani politikuri Tu sazeimo RonisZiebebis translaciebis organizacia da pirdapiri reportaJebis mowyoba. informaciul mauwyeblobaSi farTo adgili eWira spor1 gaz. `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, 1971, 13.08, # 33. 160 tul gadacemebs — rogorc sportis axal ambebs, ise mniSvnelovan sportul RonisZiebaTa translaciebs (`ukanaskneli cnobebis~ redaqciaSi sportuli korespondentis specialuri Static iyo gamoyofili. aq wlebis manZilze muSaobdnen jer nodar giorgobiani, Semdeg ki — Tamila kaxiZe). yoveldRiurad dilis 7 saaTsa da 10 wuTze eTerSi iyo `dilis varjiSi~. mas rigrigobiT uZRvebodnen tanmovarjiSeebi — grigol mamardaSvili da moreta zviadaZe, romlebsac pirdapir eTerSi akompanirebas uwevda kompozitori lili iaSvili. `dilis varjiSi~ 1992 wlamde iyo eTerSi (drogamoSvebiT am varjiSis sailustracio sqemac ibeWdeboda komitetis gazeTSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~). garda amisa, yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda radioJurnali `fizkultura da sporti~ (Tavdapirvelad erqva `yuradReba, startze!~), romelsac sportuli redaqcia amzadebda. es redaqcia 1967 wels Seiqmna (manamde, rogorc adre aRiniSna, sportuli Jurnali axalgazrdobis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda). misi pirveli ufrosi redaqtori iyo givi samsonaZe, Semdeg ki sxvadasxva dros mas xelmZRvanelobdnen: Tamaz gabelia, giorgi gigauri, arCil gogelia, nodar giorgobiani, Tamila kaxiZe. redaqcia jer radios programebis direqcias eqvemdebareboda, Semdeg ki Sevida televiziisa da radios sportuli programebis gaerTianebul mTavar redaqciaSi. aq wlebis manZilze muSaobda Statian da StatgareSe avtorTa maRalprofesiuli koleqtivi — Jurnalistebi: nodar jafariZe, nodar guguSvili, Tengiz giorgaZe, Tengiz gaCeCilaZe, nargiza mesxi, tato lasxiSvili da sxv. operatiul masalebTan erTad momzadda da radios audiofondSi inaxeba radiofilmebi: `Cveni nona~, `Cemi falavani~, `maia~, `iyo pirveli da iyo nana aleqsandria~, cikli `saukunis saukeTeso sportsmenebi~. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba. informaciuli programebisagan gansxvavebiT, romelTa ZiriTadi daniSnuleba faqtebisa da movlenebis operatiuli aRnusxvaa, sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebi Tematur-analitikuri xasiaTisaa — faqtebisa da movlenebis interpretacia-ganzogadebas warmoadgens da msmenelebis cnobierebaSi SexedulebaTa sistemis Camoyalibebas emsaxureba. amasTan, isic unda aRiniS161 nos, rom Tavidan saqarTvelos radioSi es cneba sakmaod farTod iyo gagebuli da aerTianebda TiTqmis mTel dokumentur mauwyeblobas informaciuli da sabavSvo-axalgazrduli gadacemebis gamoklebiT. 60-ian wlebSi, magaliTad, saqarTvelos radios oTx mTavar redaqcias Soris sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia yvelaze mravalricxovani iyo da mTeli mauwyeblobis yvelaze did wils moicavda (misi Tematikis sferoSi ekonomikis, socialuri sferosa da mecnierebis sakiTxebic Sedioda). 70-iani wlebidan, roca calke gamoiyo saxalxo meurneobis mTavari redaqcia (mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobisa da samecniero-teqnikuri gadacemebis redaqciebiT), mas propagandis mTavari redaqcia ewoda da ukve uSualod Semoifargla sazogadoebriv-politikuri TematikiT, zemoT aRniSnuli mimarTulebebiT. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba Tavisi aqtualobisa da gamokveTili propagandistuli xasiaTis gamo yovelTvis da yvelaze metad ganicdida arsebuli politikuri sistemis zegavlenas. es gansakuTrebiT Seexeboda marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis propagandisa da partiuli cxovrebis redaqciisa da sabWoTa moralisa da samarTlis redaqciis saqmianobas (aq sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: givi TevzaZe, marika CxartiSvili, vaxtang dvali, mixeil aroSiZe, nanuli WavWaniZe, Tina suliaSvili, rezo CxartiSvili, jumber baqraZe, xvTisavar arCemaSvili, leila eraZe, lamara esarTia, gulnaz gelovani, marika silagaZe, dimitri lobJaniZe, lili maisuraZe da sxv.) aTeuli wlebis manZilze Camoyalibda da mtkiced damkvidrda politikuri mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani da muSaobis orientirebi. uaRresad politizebul sabWoTa sazogadoebaSi mis erT-erT upirveles funqcias Seadgenda politikuri movlenebisa da RonisZiebebis operatiuli asaxva da propaganda. es RonisZiebebi gansazRvravda yvela im Temasa da mimarTulebas, romelic marqsistul-leninuri msoflmxedvelobis, sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas emsaxureboda. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi Tema iyo sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis yrilobebi (ra Tqma unda, Suqdeboda saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis 162 yrilobebic, magram gacilebiT mcire masStabiT). mTeli ideologiuri da propagandistuli saqmianoba ganisazRvreboda partiis erTi yrilobidan meore yrilobamde — jer mzadeba yrilobis Sesaxvedrad, mere misi gadawyvetilebebis propaganda, mere mzadeba Semdgomi yrilobis Sesaxvedrad da ase dausruleblad. 1957-1984 wlebSi skkp eqvsi yriloba gaimarTa da radioprogramaSi maTi asaxva saSualebas gvaZlevs naTlad davinaxoT am procesis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi, JurnalistTa saqmianobis ZiriTadi principebi da meTodebi. yoveli yrilobisaTvis mzadeba iwyeboda TiTqmis erTi wliT adre, yrilobis moaxloebasTan erTad ki izrdeboda Sesabamisi ciklebisa da rubrikebis raodenoba da perioduloba. aTwleulebis manZilze Camoyalibda maTi tipuri saxelwodebanic: `partiuli yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~, `yrilobidan yrilobamde~, `riT vxvdebiT yrilobas~, `sayrilobo vaxtze~, `winasayrilobo tribuna~, `pataki yrilobas~, `SromiTi saCuqrebi yrilobas~, `vasrulebT partiuli yrilobisTvis nakisr valdebulebebs~, `Sexvedra yrilobis delegatTan~, `dialogi yrilobis delegatTan~, `mogiTxrobT yrilobis delegatebze~ da a.S. zogjer yrilobis Sesaxvedrad specialuri Tematuri radiodReebic ewyoboda. ase magaliTad, 1966 wlis 27 marts, skkp 23-e yrilobis gaxsnamde erTi dRiT adre, saqarTvelos radiom moawyo radiodRe — `komunistebi yovelTvis wina xazze~. igi radiomsmenelebs acnobda `Cveni respublikis saxelovan adamianebs — komunistebs, romlebic yovelTvis mowinaveTa rigebSi arian mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobisa da mecnierebis sxvadasxva ubanze~. yrilobis Semdgomi periodisaTvis tipuria rubrikebi: `laparakoben yrilobis delegatebi~, `delegati dabrunda sawarmoSi~, `yrilobis gadawyvetilebani cxovrebaSi~, `yrilobaze iTqva~, `yrilobaze iTqva, ra keTdeba?~ da sxv. iwyeboda yrilobis masalebis swavleba (mikrofonTan gamodiodnen sxvadasxva dargis specialistebi). sayrilobo gadacemebis meTodikiT sakmaod farTod Suqdeboda skkp da saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetebis plenumebic. tradiciuli ciklebia: `plenumis Sesaxvedrad~, `riT vxvdebiT plenums~, `laparakoben plenumis monawi163 leni~, `plenumis sapasuxod~, `plenumis gadawyvetilebani — cxovrebaSi~ da a.S. (aucilebelia, rom rubrikis saxelwodebaSi iyos `yriloba~ da `plenumi~, raTa romelime zemdgom organos eWvi ar Seeparos am Temebis gverdis avlaSi). saqarTvelos radio sistematurad exmaureboda agreTve sabWoTa kavSirisa da saqarTvelos umaRlesi sabWoebis arCevnebs. arCevnebis wina periodSi `Teoriis specialistebi~ msmenelebs uxsnidnen sabWoTa saarCevno sistemis WeSmaritad demokratiul xasiaTs. magram saarCevno kampaniis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma iyo narkvevebi deputatobis kandidatebze. yoveli arCevnebis win, 1-2 TviT adre, saqarTvelos radios programaSi, rogorc wesi, gamoCndeboda xolme rubrika — `deputatobis kandidatebi~, romelic portretul narkvevebs moicavda. es narkvevebi met-naklebi xarisxisa iyo da gvacnobda kandidatebis pirovnul da moqalaqeobriv Tvisebebs, magram arc erTi sityva ar iyo naTqvami maT platformaze Tu momavali saqmianobis programaze. Tumca aseTi programa deputatobis arc erT kandidats ar gaaCnda da arc sWirdeboda — mis erTaderT funqcias sxdomaze Tanxmobis niSnad xelis aweva warmoadgenda. yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeboda arc sxva mniSvnelovani politikuri movlenebi. saqarTvelos radiom farTo adgili dauTmo 1977 wels ssrk axali konstituciis ganxilvis kampanias. programaSi gaCnda axali rubrikebi: `Cveni qveynis ZiriTadi kanoni~, `ganviTarebuli socializmis konstitucia~, `ganvixilavT axali konstituciis proeqts~. 1978 wlidan daiwyo saqarTvelos axali konstituciis proeqtis ganxilva, sadac aqtiurad gamoiyenes wina wlis gamocdileba, zogierTi rubrikis saxelwodebac ki igive darCa: `respublikis ZiriTadi kanoni~, `ganvixilavT axali konstituciis proeqts~, `ganixilaven, iwoneben, mxars uWeren~, magram eTerSi erTi sityvac ar Tqmula am konstituciis proeqtidan qarTuli enis saxelmwifo statusis amoRebis Sesaxeb, romelmac 14 aprils axalgazrdobis cnobili saprotesto aqcia gamoiwvia. politikuri movlenebisa da RonisZiebebis propagandas mWidrod ukavSirdeba mmarTveli organoebis dadgenilebebze operatiuli reagirebis praqtika. ra Tqma unda, gadacemebis 164 umravlesoba yrilobebisa Tu plenumebis Sesaxeb upirvelesad maT gadawyvetilebebsa da dadgenilebebs Seexeboda, magram amasTan erTad savaldebulo propagandas eqvemdebareboda sakavSiro Tu respublikuri centraluri komitetisa da ministrTa sabWos uamravi dadgenileba — sagazafxulo samuSaoebis organizebiT dawyebuli da wigniT vaWrobis gaumjobesebiT damTavrebuli. zogierTi dadgenilebis Sesaxeb specialuri gegmebic ki dgeboda da saqarTvelos kp centraluri komitetis Sesabamis ganyofilebaSi mtkicdeboda. gansakuTrebiT gaizarda aseTi dadgenilebebis ricxvi 1972 wlis Semdeg, roca xelisuflebis saTaveSi partiuli xelmZRvanelobis ufro axalgazrda da energiuli Taoba movida. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis aseve mniSvnelovan funqcias Seadgenda sazeimo dReebisa da politikuri TariRebis aRniSvna. sabWoTa sinamdvileSi imdeni sazeimo Tu saiubileo TariRi da politikuri Tu profesiuli dResaswauli iyo, rom faqtobrivad maTi saSualebiT SeiZleboda programis Sevseba da saWiro aRar iyo sxva Temebis moZebna. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi TiTqmis yoveli kviradRe romelime profesiis aRniSvnas hqonda daTmobili (maswavleblis dRe, geologis dRe, meSaxtis dRe, metalurgis dRe, qimikosis dRe, tyis muSakis dRe, mebaduris dRe, energetikosis dRe da ase dausruleblad). cxadia, rom am dReebisTvis Sesabamisi gadacemebic mzaddeboda (ra Tqma unda, miRwevebze da gakvriT calkeul naklovanebebze) da gadaicemoda koncertic dargis muSakebis dakveTiT. saerTod ki, TiTqmis yoveli wlis programas romelime politikuri movlena an saiubileo TariRi gansazRvravda, magaliTad, 1969-1970 wlebs — leninis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi, 1971 wels — saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 50 wlisTavi, 1972 wels — sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavi. 1975 wels — samamulo omSi gamarjvebis 50 wlisTavi da skkp 25-e yrilobisTvis mzadeba da a.S. maT Soris, ra Tqma unda, mTavari iyo didi oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis mrgvali TariRebis saTanadod aRniSvna. partiul yrilobebTan erTad revoluciis Temas yovelTvis wamyvani adgili eWira sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobaSi. mas ukavSirdeboda sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi 165 momxdari socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli gardaqmnebis, socializmis upiratesobaTa warmoCena, sabWoTa cxovrebis wesisa da komunisturi msoflmxedvelobis propaganda (aqve garkveviT unda aRvniSnoT, rom amgvar RonisZiebebSi aqtiurad monawileobda ara marto propagandis mTavari redaqcia, romelic, ra Tqma unda, wamyvan rols asrulebda, aramed yvela redaqcia, maT Soris mxatvruli redaqciebic). gamorCeulad aRiniSna saqarTvelos radioSi oqtombris revoluciis 50 wlisTavi. 1967 wlis dasawyisidanve intensiurad CaerTo programaSi rubrikebi: `didi oqtombris iubiles Sesaxvedrad~, `didi oqtombris 50 wlisTavis Sesaxvedrad~, `Rirseuli Sexvedra diad oqtombers~. TiTqmis yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi rubrika `saxelovani 50 weli~. 1967 wlis oqtomberSi moewyo tradiciuli Tematuri radiodReebi saqarTvelos ekonomikaze, mecnierebaze, kulturasa da xelovnebaze — sabWoTa xelisuflebis wlebSi miRweul warmatebebze. april-seqtemberSi gaimarTa agreTve mokavSire respublikebis radiodReebi. imave meTodikiT warimarTa muSaoba 1977 da 1987 wlebSi, mxolod rubrikebSi ukve 60 da 70 wlisTavi iyo aRniSnuli. oqtombris Temas mWidrod ukavSirdeboda leninis saiubileo TariRebis aRniSvna da, saerTod, leninuri Tema sabWoTa radiopropagandaSi. igi mudmivadaa radioprogramaSi (mag., ciklebi: `didi leninis dabadebis 90 wlisTavisaTvis~ — 1960w., `marad ukvdavi~ — 1966w., `leninuri almanaxi~ — 1967-1972 wlebi), magram gansakuTrebiT farTod aRiniSna leninis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi. 1969 wlidan daiwyo ciklebi: `maT naxes lenini~, `diadi cxovrebis wlebi~ (moskovidan jer translirdeboda rusulad, mere ki iTargmneboda da gadaicemoda qarTulad), `diadi iubiles Sesaxvedrad~ da mravali sxva. naklebi pompezurobiT, magram farTod aRiniSna leninis dabadebis 110 wlisTavi 1980 wels. didi enTuziazmiT aRiniSneboda 25 Tebervali (sabWoTa ruseTis mier damoukidebeli saqarTvelos aneqsiis dRe), rogorc saqarTvelos ganTavisuflebis dRe — erovnuli dResaswauli. magaliTad, 40 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad ukve 1960 wlidan Seiqmna rubrika `sabWoTa saqarTvelos 40 wlisTavisaTvis~. amave periodSi yalibdeboda sabWoTa xelisuflebis 166 wlebSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebis mier miRweuli warmatebebis Cvenebis ideac. 1960-1961 wlebSi momzadda cikli `Cveni respublikis qalaqebi da raionebi~ (or aTeulamde gadacema). TiToeul gadacemas Tan axlda koncerti mocemuli raionis mSromelTa TxovniT. gansakuTrebiT farTod aRiniSna saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 50 wlisTavi. 1970 wels Seiqmna rubrika `sabWoTa saqarTvelos 50 weli~ da teleradiocikli `diadi wlebis qronika~. gazeTi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ iuwyeboda, rom `igi moicavs 50 gadacemas. saiubileo gadacemebSi aisaxeba ganvlili naxevari saukunis manZilze qarTveli xalxis cxovrebaSi momxdari diadi socialur-ekonomikuri gardaqmnebi. 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlidan mokidebuli, naCvenebi iqneba yoveli wlis didmniSvnelovani movlenebi. gadacemaTa momzadebaSi monawileoben saqarTvelos istoriis sabWoTa periodis gamoCenili mkvlevrebi. Seqmnilia sazogadoebrivi saredaqcio sabWo, romlis SemadgenlobaSi arian istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorebi: i. kaWarava, g. fircxalava, n. maxaraZe, v. merkvilaZe, a. surgulaZe da sxvebi~.1 rac Seexeba formas, es cikli Janruli mravalferovnebiT ar gamoirCeoda — igi mikrofonTan gamosvlebisa da saubrebis serials warmoadgenda (15-20 wuTis moculobiT). qarTuli radioJurnalistikis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT ufro mniSvnelovani iyo meore saiubileo teleradiocikli saxelwodebiT `idide marad, Cemo samSoblov!~. es iyo naxevarsaaTiani publicistur-mxatvruli radiokompoziciebi, romlebmac didi roli Seasrules mauwyeblobis am formis Semdgom ganviTarebasa da srulyofaSi. TiToeuli maTgani eZRvneboda respublikis erTi romelime raionis 50-wlian istoriasa da Tanamedroveobas (aseT farTo da panoramul asaxvas verc erTi sxva forma Tu Janri ver SeZlebda), Seicavda didZal dokumentur masalas — gamosvlebs, interviuebsa da reportaJul kadrebs — mxatvrul Canaxatebs, musikas. ciklma saqarTvelos yvela raioni moicva, igi ori weli grZeldeboda — 1969 wlis maisidan 1971 wlis maisamde (yovel gadacemas Tan 1 gaz. `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, 1970, 11.09, # 37. 167 mohyveboda naxevarsaaTiani koncerti raionis mSromelTa TxovniT). maisis dasawyisSi am cikls mohyva samxreT oseTis radiodRe (4. 05), aWaris radiodRe (6. 05) da afxazeTis radiodRe (8. 05). 13 maiss sakavSiro radioSi moewyo saqarTvelos radiodRe, 14-15 maiss ki TbilisSi gaimarTa sabWoTa saqarTvelosa da saqarTvelos kompartiis 50 wlisTavis saiubileo zeimi (saTanado translaciiT radioeTerSi). saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 60 wlisTavisaTvis aseve ori wliT adre (1979 wels) daiwyo msgavsi xasiaTis tele-radiociklis momzadeba saxelwodebiT `vaSa am axal saqarTvelos, vaSa Senebas!~, magram mas Tavisi winamorbediviT sistematuri xasiaTi ar hqonia da raionebis mxolod erTi nawili moicva (ufro sruli saxiT iyo igi warmodgenili teleekranze). didi adgili daeTmo saqarTvelos radios programaSi sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavs, romelic socialisturi internacionalizmis totaluri propagandis kidev erT saSualebad iqca. 1972 wlis ianvridan gamoCnda rubrikebi: `ssrk — 50~ (TiTqmis yoveldRiurad), `erTa Zmoba migviZRvis droSad~, `erTian Zmur ojaxSi~, `vrcelia Cemi qveyana~ da a.S. maisidan wlis bolomde moewyo 12 mokavSire respublikis radiodReebi. 60 wlisTavisaTvis gamoCnda tradiciuli rubrika `ssrk — 60~. 70 wlisTavis aRniSvna sabWoTa kavSirs aRar ewera — igi daiSala da yvela zemoT aRniSnuli TariRi da iubile samudamod Cabarda istorias. sistematurad aRiniSneboda did samamulo omSi gamarjvebis wlisTavebi. tradiciad iqca rubrika `diadi gamarjvebis 25 (30, 35, 40) wlisTavisaTvis~, romelic Sesabamis periodebSi TiTqmis yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda eTerSi da moicavda rogorc publicistur masalebs, ise mxatvrul nawarmoebebs — leqsebs, moTxrobebs, speqtaklebs, koncertebs. mzaddeboda agreTve sxva ciklebic da rubrikebic, magaliTad, cikli `gmiruli furclebi~ (1965 wlis mart-aprilSi 20 gadacema), yovelTviuri cikli `dauviwyar dReTa qronika~ (1984 wlis meore naxevridan 1985 wlis maisamde — 30 wT.) da sxv. namdvil propagandistul maraTons warmoadgenda saqarTvelos radioSi ruseT-saqarTvelos istoriuli xelSekrulebis — georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavis aRniSvna. igi 168 1980 wels daiwyo da sam weliwads gagrZelda. uamravi gadacema momzadda rubrikebiT: `saukuno Zmoba~, `ruseTTan saqarTvelos SeerTebis 200 wlisTavisaTvis~, gansakuTrebiT ki — `georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavisaTvis~. 1983 wels sityva `traqtati~ yoveldRiurad albaT asjer mainc ismoda eTerSi. saqarTvelos xelisufleba TavgamodebiT cdilobda metropoliisadmi Tavisi siyvarulisa da internacionalizmis principebisadmi erTgulebis damtkicebas. sxva saiubileo gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia sabWoTa armiis 50 wlisTavis (1968), ruseTis pirveli revoluciis 70 wlisTavis (1975), k. marqsis dabadebis 150 wlisTavisadmi (1983) da a.S. miZRvnili gadacemebi. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis es mimarTulebebi erTi SexedviT TiTqos mimdinare momentebis asaxvas iTvaliswinebs, magram arsebiTad TiToeuli maTgani fundamenturi socialisturi Rirebulebebis propagandasa da damkvidrebas emsaxureba. xolo amasTan erTad arsebobs am RirebulebaTa propagandis Camoyalibebuli sistema, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sxvadasxva mimarTulebas moicavs. maT Soris erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTulebaa marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis propaganda. masebis politikuri ganaTleba, maTSi komunisturi msoflmxedvelobis Canergva sabWoTa saxelmwifoSi yovelTvis iTvleboda ideologiuri muSaobis erT-erT upirveles amocanad. organizebuli iyo savaldebulo politganaTlebis sistema, romelic moicavda qveynis TiTqmis mTel zrdasrul mosaxleobas — fabrika-qarxnebis muSebs, uwyebaTa da dawesebulebaTa mosamsaxureebs, umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebsa da profesor-maswavleblebs. cxadia, rom am mizniT aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda masobrivi informaciis saSualebebic. rogorc aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos radios propagandis mTavari redaqciis struqturaSi arsebobda marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis propagandisa da partiuli cxovrebis redaqcia (Semdeg ganyofileba), romelic ZiriTadad am sferoSi muSaobda (Tumca drodadro sxva redaqciebis programebSic gamoCndeboda xolme msgavsi gadacemebi). propagandis mimarTuleba, ra Tqma unda, ganisazRvreboda partiuli dadgenilebebiT, morigi yrilobis masalebiT, cen169 traluri komitetis direqtivebiT. 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi, roca sinamdvilisadmi voluntaristuli damokidebuleba saxelmwifo rangSi iyo ayvanili da partia saqveynod acxadebda, rom `sabWoTa adamianebis axlandeli Taoba komunizmSi icxovrebda~, mTavari yuradReba komunizmis sxvadasxva sakiTxis ganxilvasa da popularizacias eTmoboda. magaliTad, eTerSi iyo amgvari xasiaTis gadacemebi: `komunizmi xelSesaxebi sinamdvilea~ (1961, 23. 08), `komunizmi da mecniereba~ (1961, 6. 09), ciklebi: `komunizmis mSeneblis moraluri kodeqsi~ (1961), `komunizmis forpostebi~ (1963), `mecnieruli komunizmis safuZvlebi~ (1964, 1965). Teoriul gamosvlebsa da saubrebs emateboda narkvevebis ciklebi komunizmis konkretul warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb: `komunizmis mSeneblebi~ (literaturis redaqcia, 1961-1962), `komunizmis Suqurebi~ (axalgazrdobis redaqcia, 1961) da a.S. 70-iani wlebidan Teoriuli propagandis mTavari Temaa ganviTarebuli socializmis sakiTxebi, sabWoTa kavSiris saerTo-saxalxo saxelmwifod gadaqceva da axali istoriuli erTobis — sabWoTa xalxis Camoyalibeba. ganviTarebuli socializmis — socialisturi mSeneblobis am bolo fazis Sesabamisad icvleba skkp programa, iqmneba ssrk axali konstitucia (Tumca `ganviTarebuli socializmic~ iseTive qimera iyo, rogorc 60-iani wlebis komunizmi). mikrofonTan sistematurad gamodian filosofiis, politikuri ekonomiis, skkp istoriis, mecnieruli komunizmis Teoriis specialistebi. amgvari gamosvlebis tipuri magaliTia saubari — `sabWoTa saxelmwifo namdvili demokratiis gansaxierebaa~ (1975, 9. 01). marqsistul-leninuri Teoriis sistematur propagandas imdenad didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda, rom igi garkveulwilad centralizebulic iyo: 1964 wlidan 1988 wlis CaTvliT yovelkvireulad (calkeul wlebSi ki — kviraSi orjer), erTsa da imave dReebsa da saaTebSi eTerSi iyo 20-wuTiani rubrika `milionTa leninuri universiteti~. igi jer moskovidan translirdeboda respublikur programaSi rusul enaze, Semdeg ki iTargmneboda da qarTul enaze gadaicemoda. saxelwodeba `universiteti~ mTlianad ver gamoxatavs rubrikis xasiaTs. mas propagandistuli daniSnuleba ufro aqvs, vidre saganmanaTleb170 lo da arsebiTad ekisreba sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis, radiomsmenelebSi komunisturi rwmenis Canergvis funqcia (amitom ganvixilavT mas ara saganmanaTleblo, aramed sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis sistemaSi). amis sailustraciod misi TematikisTvis Tvalis gadavlebac kmara. milionTa leninuri universitetis mecadineobis Tematika 1969 wlis pirvel kvartalSi: I. dawyebiTi rgolis msmenelTaTvis. cikli — `marad ukvdavi~. II. saSualo rgolis msmenelTaTvis. cikli `filosofia~, cikli `skkp istoria~. III. umaRlesi rgolis msmenelTaTvis. cikli — `mecnieruli komunizmis ganviTarebis leninuri etapi~, cikli — `leninis Txzulebebis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~ (`ra vakeToT~, `materializmi da empiriokriticizmi~, `saxelmwifo da revolucia~). milionTa leninuri universiteti. 1972-1973 saswavlo weli. gadacemaTa programa 1972 wlis 31 dekembramde: cikli — `skkp ekonomikuri politika Tanamedrove etapze~. cikli — `leninuri erovnuli politikis zeimi~. saubrebis cikli samecniero-teqnikur revoluciaze. cikli — `komunisturi morali da axali adamianis formireba~. cikli — `ideologiuri brZola Tanamedrove etapze~. cikli — `ekonomikuri codnis safuZvlebi~ (mrewvelobis muSakTaTvis). cikli — `ekonomikuri codnis safuZvlebi~ (kolmeurneobebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis muSakTaTvis). milionTa leninuri universitetis ciklebi axal saswavlo wels 1973 wlis oqtombridan: — `mSromelTa komunisturi aRzrdis Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebi~. — `leninuri Teoriuli memkvidreoba da Tanamedroveoba~. — `skkp sagareo-politikuri moRvaweobis Teoriuli da politikuri problemebi~. — `ideologiuri brZola Tanamedrove etapze~. — `skkp mimdinare dokumentebi da masalebi~. 171 politikuri miznebi, ideologiuri brZolis amocanebi gansazRvravda saqarTvelos radios programaSi saerTaSoriso cxovrebis gaSuqebis xasiaTsac, gadacemebs sagareo politikis Sesaxeb. es Seexeboda rogorc wminda kontrpropagandistul ciklebs (mag.: `amerikis ugvirgvino mefeebi~ — 1966, `imperializmis danaSaulobaTa Savi wigni~ — 1966-1970, `imperializmi uniRbod~ — 1970 da sxv.), ise nebismieri saerTaSoriso movlenis Sefasebas, romelic klasobriv, partiul pozicias emyareboda. kapitalisturi samyaros kritika, socializmis upiratesobaTa mtkicebasTan erTad, radiomauwyeblobis propagandistuli saqmianobis aucilebel nawils Seadgenda. amitom saerTaSoriso ambebis yovelkvireuli sainformacio gamoSvebis garda saqarTvelos radioSi TiTqmis yovelTvis iyo sxva publicisturi ciklebic: 1964-1965 wlebSi yovelkvireuli rubrika — `saubari saerTaSoriso Temaze~ (10-15 wuTi), 1971-1986 wlebSi — `komentari saerTaSoriso Temaze~ (orSabaTs, samSabaTs da xuTSabaTs 12 saaTsa da 40 wuTze, xuTi wuTis moculobiT; 1982-1984 wlebSi mas enacvleboda yovelkvireuli 10-wuTiani rubrika — `yvela meridianze — faqtebi, movlenebi, komentari~). Semdeg gadacemis forma ramdenadme Seicvala — 1984 wels gamoCnda rubrika `mrgval magidasTan: radiomsmenelebs upasuxeben saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi~. saSinao politikis sferoSi saqarTvelos radio gansakuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobda partiuli organoebis saqmianobas. aTeuli wlebis manZilze Seqmnili stereotipebiT partia iyo yvela gamarjvebis organizatori, mTeli sazogadoebis interesebis gamomxatveli, misi keTildReobisaTvis mebrZoli (tipuri rubrika — `partiis gegmebi xalxis gegmebia~). mikrofoni sistematurad eTmoboda yvela rangis partiul xelmZRvanelebs — pirveladi organizaciis partbiuros mdivnidan dawyebuli — respublikuri masStabis funqcioneramde. magram 60-ian wlebSi partiuli Tema sxvadasxva ciklebSi iyo gafantuli: `dRes Cvens mikrofonTan~ — yovelkvireuli cikli, romelSic partiul xelmZRvanelebTan erTad sxvadasxva qalaqisa da raionis sabWoTa da komkavSiruli muSakebi, agitatorebi da propagandistebic monawileobdnen (1961 w.), `sawarmoTa partorganizaciis mdivnebi mogviTxroben~ (1961 w.), 172 `partiuli komiteti — didi sawarmos mesaWe~ (1962 w.) da sxv. mxolod 1969 wels Seiqmna yovelkvireuli rubrika `partiuli muSakis tribuna~, romelic yovel xuTSabaTs, 15 wuTis moculobiT gadaicemoda, 1974 wlis ivlisidan mas `partiuli cxovreba~ ewoda. igi ganixilavda partiuli cxovrebis yvela sakiTxs da gamosvlebis garda Seicavda sxva Janrebsac — reportaJs, intervius, korespondencias. garda amisa, calke Suqdeboda zogierTi kampaniuri partiuli RonisZiebis mimdinareoba. magaliTad, 1977 wlidan yovel Semodgomaze, partiul organizaciebSi saangariSo-saarCevno krebebis periodSi, eTerSi gamodioda rubrikebi: `pirveladi partiuli organizaciebis saangariSo-saarCevno krebebze~ da `partiul konferenciebze~, xolo 1984 wlidan, roca saqarTvelos partorganizaciebSi wesad SemoiRes komunistis piradi angariSebis mosmena, gaCnda rubrika — `angariSs abarebs komunisti~. propagandis erT-erT mimarTulebas warmoadgenda TviTon komunistis saxis Seqmna, misi tipuri Tvisebebis — cxovrebiseuli rwmenis, idealebis, zneobrivi principebis warmoCena. am mizans emsaxureboda rubrika `mogiTxrobT komunistebze~ (1968-1976 wlebi, 15 wuTi), romelsac 1978 wels Seenacvla cikli `komunistis sityva da saqme~, 1980-1984 wlebSi ki rubrikas `komunistebi~ ewoda. igi ZiriTadad moicavda narkvevebs, zogjer Canaxatebs, ufro iSviaTad interviusa da korespondencias, magram umravles SemTxvevaSi trafaretuli, sqematuri xasiaTisa iyo (komunisti — Tavis saqmeSi mowinave, aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi poziciiT, kargi meojaxe da a.S.). partiuli xelisuflebisagan gansxvavebiT sabWoTa organoebis saqmianoba iSviaTad aisaxeboda eTerSi. rogorc aRvniSneT, mxolod arCevnebiswina periodSi gamoCndeboda xolme cikli `deputatobis kandidatebi~, TviTon struqturebis muSaoba ki yuradRebis gareSe rCeboda. sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobis erT-erTi wamyvani mimarTuleba 1957-1984 wlebSi iyo socialisturi internacionalizmis propaganda. internacionalizmi zogadkacobriuli Rirebulebaa, magram igi sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis upirveles principad iTvleboda im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom safuZvlad edo sabWoTa kavSiris `urRvev erTobas~. xalxTa 173 erTianobis ideis ganmtkiceba, Zveli romidan dawyebuli, yoveli imperiis zrunvis sagans warmoadgenda. britaneTis imperiis epoqaSi TviTon demokratiul da respeqtabelur bi-bi-si-sac ki Tavisi mauwyeblobis principad hqonda `imperiis saqmeTa gaSuqeba da misi erTianobis ucvlelad xazgasma~. ra Tqma unda, socialisturi internacionalizmi sxva xalxebTan megobrobasac gulisxmobda (miT umetes, socialisturi Tanamegobrobis qveynebTan — 1960 wlidan 1985 wlamde saqarTvelos radioSi specialuri rubrikac arsebobda saxelwodebiT `moZme socialistur qveynebSi~), magram mTavari iyo sabWoTa respublikebis ganuyofeli kavSiri, rac erTian ekonomikasa da partiul-politikur struqturasTan erTad saerTo ideologiasac unda ganemtkicebina. amitom internacionalizmis Temas saqarTvelos radioSi yoveli redaqcia Taviseburad asaxavda. propagandis mTavari redaqcia ZiriTadad amzadebda Teoriul gamosvlebs socialisturi internacionalizmis sxvadasxva sakiTxze, mis did rolze Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi, agreTve ciklebs — `diadi megobrobis furclebi~ (1967) da `moZme sabWoTa respublikebSi~, romelic 1961 wlidan 1984 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda sxvadasxva periodulobiT. magram radiomauwyeblobisaTvis yvelaze organuli aRmoCnda da mis specifikur formad iqca gadacemebis gacvla mokavSire respublikaTa radiostudiebs Soris da sxvadasxva respublikis radiodReebis mowyoba. rogorc aRvniSneT, respublikaTa radiostruqturebSi Semavali e.w. gacvliTi redaqciebi am gadacemebs rusul enaze amzadebdnen da firze Cawerils ugzavnidnen erTmaneTs an sakavSiro radiokomitets. xSirad ki mxolod teqstebi igzavneboda, rom gadaeTargmnaT da ise CaesvaT adgilobriv programaSi. zogjer sxvadasxva respublikebidan miRebuli masalebiT specialuri internacionaluri dReebic ki ewyoboda. gadavxedoT erT-erTi internacionaluri dRis magaliTs saqarTvelos radioSi, romlis programa gazeT `laparakobs Tbilisis~ 1961 wlis 29-e nomerSia mocemuli. 174 I programa, 1961 w., 23 ivlisi, SabaTi. (yoveldRiuri mudmivi gadacemebis gamoklebiT). 06.45. gadacema soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis — `maTzedac Seqmnian legendebs~ (estoneTis radios gadacema). 08.30 sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa simRerebi. 09.20 radionarkvevi `cxovreba erTi qalisa~ (TurqmeneTis radios gadacema). 10.15 radiogazeTi `saqarTvelos pioneri~. 10.45 dvarionasis sazeimo uvertiura. 11.00 saubari `somxeTis markiT~ (somxeTis radios gadacema). 11.15 o. TevdoraZe `qarTuli suita~. 11.40 erT sabWoTa meuneobaSi (tajikeTis radios gadacema). 12.15 s. kapi. meoTxe simfoniis meore nawili. 12.45 CeCnur-inguSuri musika. 13.20 sinisalo. sabavSvo suita. asrulebs kareliis radios orkestri. 13.40 uzbekuri simRerebi. 13.50 saubari `avtomatebis Semqmnelni~ (ukrainis radios gadacema). 17.20 gadacema moswavleTaTvis. — `rogor Seiqmna pioneruli simRera~ (estoneTis radios gadacema). 17.45 erTi udidesTagani (azerbaijanis radios gadacema). 18.05 musika qarTuli kinofilmebidan. 18.45 latviuri musika. 19.15 qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi. 19.45 narkvevi — `yamirelebi~ (yazaxeTis radios gadacema). 20.20 moZme respublikebis xelovnebis ostatTa koncerti. 21.00 `yazbegis kalTebze~ (CrdiloeT oseTis radios gadacema). 21.30 saestrado musikis koncerti. 175 internacionaluri da samxedro-patriotuli aRzrdis funqcia ekisreboda radioJurnals `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~. igi rusul enaze mzaddeboda da ZiriTadad asaxavda amierkavkasiis samxedro olqis jariskacebisa da oficrebis cxovrebas, maT samxedro da politikur momzadebas, sportul da SemoqmedebiT miRwevebs. zogjer amas emateboda siuJetebi qarTvel wvevamdelebze, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva mxareSi msaxurobdnen. rogorc aRvniSneT, radioJurnali Tavidan axalgazrduli gadacemebis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da masSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen amierkavkasiis samxedro olqis gazeT `leninskoe znamias~ TanamSromlebi. igi eTerSi pirvelad 1958 wlis bolos gamoCnda da Tavdapirvelad erqva `gadacema amierkavkasiis samxedro olqis meomrebisaTvis~. 1967 wels ki calke Camoyalibda Sesabamisi redaqciac, romlis ufros redaqtorad dainiSna sandro nikuraZe, masTan erTad da Semdgom periodSi am redaqciaSi muSaobdnen: viqtor yufaraZe, givi qobulaSvili, dimitri javaxiSvili, givi baqraZe, Temur nadiraSvili, irina Cuprinina da sxv. radioJurnali `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ 30 wlis manZilze (1969-1989) marTlac samxedro sizustiT yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda jer kviradRes, Semdeg ki SabaTobiT, erTsa da imave dros, 35-45 wuTis moculobiT. gansxvavebul da sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobaSi erTgvar unikalur formas warmoadgenda radioJurnali `Tbilisi, baqo, erevani~, romelsac rusul enaze rigrigobiT amzadebdnen saqarTvelos, azerbaijanisa da somxeTis radiostudiebi da romelime dedaqalaqidan erTdroulad gadaicemoda samive respublikis eTerSi. radioJurnali 1961 wlis aprilidan sistematurad gamodioda TveSi samjer oTxSabaTobiT, yovelTvis erTsa da imave dros — 20 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, naxevari saaTis moculobiT da asaxavda amierkavkasiis erT-erTi respublikis cxovrebas, ekonomikis, mecnierebisa da kulturis siaxleebs, propagandas uwevda erebis daaxloebasa da urTierTgagebas. xSirad ewyoboda mokavSire respublikebis radiodReebi, gansakuTrebiT sazeimo movlenebTan dakavSirebiT — yrilobebis win, oqtombris revoluciis an faSizmze gamarjvebis saiu176 bileo TariRebis wina periodSi da a.S. garda imisa, rom 19601990 wlebSi sakavSiro radioSi yovelwliurad imarTeboda mokavSire respublikebis radiofestivali (yovel respublikas TiTo dRe eTmoboda, ra Tqma unda, programis ZiriTad gadacemebTan erTad), xSirad respublikebi TviTon awyobdnen erTmaneTis radiodReebs. ase magaliTad, 1961 wlis 13 seqtembers moewyo saqarTvelos radiodRe uzbekeTis radioSi: `uzbekeTis mSromelebma am dRes radioTi moismines saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis v. p. mJavanaZis gamosvla, saqarTvelos radios mier momzadebuli gadacema — `Sen, mSobliuro partiav!~, musikaluri gadacema `qarTveli kompozitori sulxan cincaZe~, gadacema `aseTi xar Sen, Tbiliso!~, narkvevi `axali rusTavis adamianebi~, literaturuli gadacema `uzbeki poetebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb~, gadacema `ioseb noneSvilis poezia~ da `saqarTvelo — mzisa da bednierebis qveyana~, radiodadgma `rusTavis CiraRdnebi~.1 Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos radioSi 1963 wels moewyo uzbekeTis, latviis, litvis, estoneTis radiodReebi, 1967 wels — azerbaijanis, belorusiis, TurqmeneTis, litvis, tajikeTis, somxeTisa da yazaxeTis dReebi. 1972 wels, rogorc zemoTac aRvniSneT, sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavs mieZRvna Tormeti mokavSire respublikis radiodRe. 1980 wels gasabWoebis 60 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT moewyo azerbaijanis radiodRe (26.04) da somxeTis radiodRe (29.11). zogjer am dReebs kuriozebic axlda Tan. magaliTad, 1964 wels swored 26 maiss moewyo azerbaijanis radiodRe ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi azerbaijanis Sesvlis 150 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT da 1965 wels, aseve 26 maiss — yazaxeTis radiodRe. aravis gaxsenebia, rom es saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dRe iyo (anda SesaZloa specialuradac daamTxvies, rogorc oficialuri TvalsazrisiT arafris mTqmel TariRs). dabolos, sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba moicavda kidev erT mniSvnelovan sferos — samarTlisa da moralis sakiTxebs. igi or mimarTulebas gulisxmobda: pirveli, samarTlebrivi codnis gavrcelebasa da socialisturi mora1 gaz. `laparakobs Tbilisi~, 1961, 29.09. 177 luri Rirebulebebis propagandas da, meore, kritikul gadacemebs — brZolas ukanonobisa da `sabWoTa sazogadoebisaTvis Seusabamo~ sxva movlenebis winaaRmdeg. pirveli mimarTulebisa iyo nawilobriv radioJurnali `adamiani da kanoni~ (samarTlebrivi codnis popularizaciis TvalsazrisiT), romelic yovelTviurad gadaicemoda 1969-1989 wlebSi 30 wuTis moculobiT, 1990 wlis meore naxevridan ki yovelkvireuli gaxda; ciklebi: `komunizmis mSeneblis moraluri kodeqsi~ (1961) da `tradicia da Tanamedroveoba~ (1983); gadacemebi: `adamians zrdis koleqtivi~ (1963, 6.08), `axali adamiani koleqtivSi yalibdeba~ (1963, 28.08), `mtkiced davicvaT socialisturi kanonebi~ (1973, 16.02) da sxv. sabWoTa kavSiris axali konstituciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT 1978 wlis 21 Tebervals moewyo Tematuri radiodRe `sabWoTa moqalaqis uflebebi da movaleobani — cxovrebaSi~ (8 gadacema). kritikuli gadacemebidan pirvel rigSi unda davasaxeloT satirul-iumoristuli radioJurnali `Solti~, romelsac satirisa da iumoris redaqcia amzadebda. igi 1962-1987 wlebSi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda eTerSi naxevari saaTis moculobiT da amxelda danaSaulisa da ukanonobis konkretul faqtebs. es Temebi nawilobriv radioJurnal `adamiansa da kanonSic~ Suqdeboda. am or radioJurnalTan aris dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos radioSi feletonis, rogorc Janris damkvidreba. damoukidebeli saxiT igi mxolod samjer gamoCnda eTerSi 1962 wels — orjer feletonis (`daudevarni~ — 16.04, `udardeli mSeneblebi~ — 9.08) da erTxel radiofeletonis (`damnaSavis ZebnaSi~ — 21.04) saxelwodebiT, yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi CarTuli iyo `SoltSi~ (1962-1987) an `adamiansa da kanonSi~ (1962-1989). rac Seexeba Janris sxvadasxva saxelwodebas, radiofeletons uwodebdnen iseT feletons, romelSic dokumenturi Canawerebi iyo gamoyenebuli da, amdenad, radios specifika ufro metad gaTvaliswinebuli. radios uxvi SesaZleblobebis miuxedavad, aseTi feletonebi programaSi naklebia, rac albaT amgvari Canawerebis mopovebis garkveuli riskiT aixsneba da ZiriTadad gadaicema sagazeTo xasiaTis feletonebi, romlebsac diqtori an msaxiobi kiTxulobs. 178 sxva gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia: `bolomde aRmovfxvraT kerZomesakuTruli da socializmisaTvis sxva ucxo tendenciebi~ (1974, 13.02), `muqTaxoroba danaSaulis wyaroa~ (1974, 20.02), `vibrZoloT proteqcionizmis winaaRmdeg~ (1974, 30.07), `aRmovfxvraT mavne gadmonaSTebi~ (1976, 11.05), `ukuvagdoT dromoWmuli tradiciebi~ (1976, 5.06) da sxv. sawarmoo-ekonomikuri propaganda. sabWoTa Jurnalistikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia, rac mas principulad ganasxvavebda demokratiuli masmediisagan, iyo aqtiuri monawileoba ekonomikis, warmoebis marTvaSi. erTi mxriv, es niSnavda warmoebaze sajaro kontrols, misi marTvis kidev erT instruments saxelmwifos xelSi, meore mxriv ki mudmiv zemoqmedebas masebis ekonomikuri cnobierebis formirebaze, rasac udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeboda axali adamianis CamoyalibebisaTvis. saxelmwifo socialistur ekonomikas, romelsac ganviTarebis Sinagani impulsebi ar gaaCnda, mxolod `garedan~ zemoqmedebiT SeeZlo funqcionireba. amiT iyo gamowveuli uamravi partiuli dadgenileba warmoebis efeqtianobis gazrdaze, sxvadasxva Taosnobisa da socialisturi Sejibrebis organizacia, gauTavebeli ekonomikuri reformebi da eqsperimentebi. amitom ibeWdeboda gazeTebSi da yoveldRe ismoda tele- da radioeTerSi xuTwledi da Svidwledi, sasursaTo programa da xarisxis problema, gegma da Semxvedri gegma, valdebuleba da SromiTi vaxti. amas ekonomikuri amocanebis ideologiuri uzrunvelyofa erqva. saqarTvelos radio, ra Tqma unda, gamonaklisi ver iqneboda (1975 wels mas aseTi rubrikac ki hqonda — `gegmebsa da valdebulebebs — ideologiuri uzrunvelyofa~). ekonomika, warmoebis sakiTxebi 1960-1984 wlebSi sistematurad Suqdeboda rogorc `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSvebebSi, ise specialuri dargobrivi redaqciebis gadacemebSi — ZiriTadad am sferos moicavda soflis meurneobis redaqcia, mrewvelobis, mSeneblobisa da transportis redaqcia da nawilobriv samecniero-teqnikuri da axalgazrdobis redaqciebi. soflis meurneobis redaqciaSi 1957-1984 wlebSi JurnalistTa ramdenime Taoba moRvaweobda (konstantine WanturiSvili, Salva SavelaSvili, mixeil kopaleiSvili, Tamar abeliSvili, Salva gulua, dilar jvebenava, dali morgoSia, oTar meo179 tiSvili da sxv.). Tumca mauwyeblobis tradiciuli rubrikebi am periodSi naklebad icvleboda. 1957-1972 wlebSi eTerSi yovel diliT, garda kviradRisa, ucvlelad iyo 10-wuTiani `gadacema soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~ (1973 wlidan mas `soflis dila~ ewoda) da yvela Tema da Janri am saerTo rubrikaSi iyo moqceuli. erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo radioJurnali `Cveni sofeli~, romelic 1960-1962 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, 1963-1976 wlebSi ki — yovelTviurad. Tematuri mravalferovnebiTa da, Sesabamisad, rubrikebis simravliT ufro gamoirCeoda mrewvelobis, transportisa da mSeneblobis redaqcia (aq sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: Tengiz gelaSvili, xvTisavar arCemaSvili, roland avazaSvili, lia korZaia, givi cqitiSvili, lamara esarTia, nana sanikiZe, marika silagaZe da sxv.). sawarmoo-ekonomikuri propagandis daniSnuleba pirvel rigSi ganisazRvreboda e.w. qmediTobiT, anu misi uSualo CareviT sawarmoo procesebis marTvaSi da sxva praqtikuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi, rac Jurnalistikis uSualo-organizatorul funqciad iTvleboda. radio sistematurad iZleoda informacias respublikis ekonomikis mdgomareobis, wamyvani sawarmoebis muSaobis Sesaxeb (mag.: `xuTwledis mSenebare obieqtebze~ — 1978-1984, `xuTwleds damkvreluri Sroma~ — 19731984, `sasursaTo programa — moqmedebaSi~ — 1981-1984 da sxv.), xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi arc kritikul gamosvlebs erideboda. ra Tqma unda, veraviTari Jurnalistika ver ixsnida sabWoTa ekonomikas permanentuli krizisisagan, magram calkeuli sakiTxebis mogvareba uTuod qmnida ideologiuri zemoqmedebis efeqtianobis STabeWdilebas. saqarTvelos radioSi am mizniT TiTqmis 80-ian wlebamde gamoiyeneboda is tradiciuli formebi, romlebic jer kidev 30-iani wlebis sabWoTa presas axasiaTebda — korespondentTa saguSagoebisa da reidebis praqtika. 1962-1963 wlebSi intensiurad mzaddeboda rubrikebi: `Cveni saguSagoebi gvatyobineben~ da `korespondentTa saguSagoebi gvatyobineben~ (magaliTad, engurhesis mSeneblobaze SeferxebaTa Sesaxeb — 1963, 21.01). `reidis masalebis~ saxelwodebiT xSirad gadaicemoda kritikuli infor180 macia mSeneblobisa da transportis, agreTve momsaxurebis sferos Sesaxeb: `amas Tqven gsayveduroben, mSeneblebo!~ (1962, 26.05), `davaCqaroT saskolo mSenebloba~ (1975, 19.08), `aRmovfxvraT vagonebis mocdena~ (1975, 15.09; 1976, 13.12), `gavaumjobesoT mgzavrTa momsaxureba rkinigzis transportze (1975, 13.05), `gavaumjobesoT mgzavrTa avtotransportiT momsaxureba~ (1975, 16.09), `sayofacxovrebo momsaxureba — moTxovnebis doneze~ (1972, 21.02) da a.S. amas emateboda sxva kritikuli ciklebi: `gadaucemeli werilebis kvaldakval~ (1963), `ratom CamorCa sawarmo~ (1976), `kritikul SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs — meti yuradReba~ (1978). erTgvar socialuri kontrolis funqcias asrulebda rubrika `Cveni gadacemebis kvaldakval~, romelic 1962 wlidan 1987 wlis bolomde mudmivad iyo eTerSi. 1978 wlidan mas ufro zusti saxeli ewoda — `Cveni kritikuli gadacemebis kvaldakval~, radgan kritikuli gadacemebis Sedegebze iZleoda informacias. radios organizatoruli muSaobis meore mimarTuleba iyo mowinave gamocdilebis gavrceleba, misi sistematuri propaganda da praqtikuli danergvisaTvis xelis Sewyoba. am mizans emsaxureboda rubrikebi: `racionalizatorTa da gamomgonebelTa tribuna~ (1960, 1961), `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~ (1964, 1965), `novatoris tribuna~ (1968-1976), `iswavle meurneobis gaZRola~ (1967, 1968) da, gansakuTrebiT, `mowinave gamocdilebis skola~, romelic 1963-1975 wlebSi yovelTviurad, zogjer ki ufro xSirad gadaicemoda eTerSi. brigaduli ijaris upiratesobebs uwevda propagandas gadacemebis cikli — `brigada, efeqtianoba, problemebi~ (1982-1988). erTi SexedviT, yvela es `tribuna~ da `skola~ TiTqos saganmanaTleblo funqciebs asrulebda, magram yovelTvis warmoebis marTvisa da organizaciis konkretuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetas emsaxureboda da gamokveTili publicisturi daniSnulebac gaaCnda — sistematurad warmoaCenda warmoebis organizatorebs, dargis profesionalebs, komunisturi Sromis damkvrelebs da a.S. mowinave gamocdilebasTan erTad internacionalizmis propagandasac eweoda rubrika `megobrebi gviziareben gamocdilebas~ (1982-1984), romelic mokavSire respublikebidan gamogzavnil masalebs emyareboda. 181 saerTod, nebsiT Tu uneblieT (ufro, albaT, Segnebulad) warmoebis sferoSic xazgasmiT aRiniSneboda respublikaTa erTianobis aucilebloba da metropoliis wamyvani roli — yovelTvis misi warmomadgenlebi iyvnen mibaZvis obieqti. sakmarisia davasaxeloT zogierTi gadacema: `gaganoveli meSaxte~ (1960, 6.01), `SCekinoelTa magaliTisamebr~ (1970, sami gadacema), `SCekinoelTa meTodi moqmedebaSi~ (1977-1978, sami gadacema), `mxari gavusworoT vitebskelebs~ (1973, 25. 06), `qarTveli zlobinelebi~ (1973, 26.10), `zlobinis mimdevrebs — yoveldRiuri daxmareba~ (1975, 17.11). `farTod davnergoT oriolel mSenebelTa gamocdileba~ (1975, 6.05, 1976, 3.05), `sverdlovskelTa gamocdileba moqmedebs~ (1975, ori gadacema) da a.S. arian qarTveli gaganovelebi da zlobinelebi (iseve, rogorc adre iyvnen qarTveli staxanovelebi, qarTveli matrosovi da ostrovski), magram aravis gaugonia rusi lomiZe, mamedovi an xaCikiani. warmoebis intensifikaciisadmi xelis SewyobiT ganisazRvreboda mecnieruli miRwevebis, misi praqtikaSi danergvis propagandis mniSvnelobac. aTeuli wlebis manZilze mzaddeboda rubrikebi: `mecniereba — saxalxo meurneobas~, `mecniereba — warmoebas~, `mecniereba — soflis meurneobas~, 70-ian wlebSi maT daemata `arcerTi daunergavi Tema~, xolo 80-ian wlebSi — `mecnierebisa da warmoebis integracia~. aseve, mudmivad iyo laparaki rezervebis gamoyenebaze: `yvela rezervi xuTwledis samsaxurSi~ (1972-1975), `yvela rezervi winasayrilobo valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas~ (1976), `winsvlis rezervebi~ (1978, 1979) da sxv. raRa unda iTqvas socialistur Sejibrebaze, romelic oficialur ideologias sabWoTa ekonomikis yvelaze mZlavr mamoZravebel Zalad miaCnda da TiTqos farTo gasaqans aZlevda `masebis SemoqmedebiT iniciativas~. am Temaze saqarTvelos radioSi periodulad iqmneboda sxvadasxva ciklebi da rubrikebi: `socialisturi Sejibrebis dRiuri~ (1961-1963), `saoqtombro socialisturi Sejibreba~ (1967), `socSejibreba Tanamedrove etapze~ (1983) da a.S. sawarmoo-ekonomikuri propagandis mudmivi Tema iyo produqciis xarisxis amaRleba. 60-ian wlebSi igi aisaxeboda rubrikebSi: `vaSenoT swrafad, iafad da maRalxarisxovnad~ (1961182 1967), `sabWoTa produqcia saukeTeso unda iyos~ (1964-1965, TveSi orjer) da sxv. magram gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca mas 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, roca sabWoTa kavSirSi xarisxis xuTwledi gamocxadda. Seiqmna axali rubrikebi: `xarisxi warmoebis sarkea~ (1975-1978), `xarisxis xuTwleds — muSuri garantia~ (1977-1979), `xarisxis marTvis sistema — moqmedebaSi~ (1977), `produqciis xarisxi — mTavari sazrunavi~ (1979) da a.S. Tumca xarisxis xuTwleds, samwuxarod, arsebiTi Sedegi ar mohyolia. radiomauwyeblobaSi aseve mudmivi Tema iyo ekonomikis sistemisa da misi marTvis gaumjobesebis sakiTxebi. sabWoTa kavSirSi yovel xuT weliwadSi mainc axali ekonomikuri reforma tardeboda (ZiriTadad kosmetikuri xasiaTis) da eTerSi Cndeboda Sesabamisi radiorubrikebic: `axali ekonomikuri reforma moqmedebs~ (1966-1969), `ekonomikuri reformis sakiTxebi~ (1969-1972), `ekonomika ekonomiuri unda iyos~ (19801987), `sameurneo meqanizmi — problemebi, amocanebi~ (19821985). magram arc erTi zemoT xsenebuli reforma ar cvlida socialisturi warmoebis arss da am propagandas realuri Sedegi verc mohyveboda. literaturul-dramatuli mauwyebloba. Cveulebrivad, mxatvrul radiomauwyeblobas or nawilad hyofen. literaturul-dramatul da musikalur mauwyeblobad. pirveli maTgani saqarTvelos radioSi literaturas — umTavresad erovnul literaturas eyrdnoboda. mTeli Tavisi mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze qarTuli literatura yovelTvis udides rols asrulebda erovnuli cnobierebis dacvasa da ganviTarebaSi da es funqcia man radioSic SeinarCuna. ase rom, propagandistul-organizaciul saqmianobasa da komunisturi ideologiis gavrcelebasTan erTad saqarTvelos radio msmenelTa patriotul aRzrdasac emsaxureboda, upirvelesad, qarTuli literaturis rogorc klasikis, ise Tanamedroveobis saukeTeso nimuSebis warmoCeniT. qarTuli literatura Seadgenda 1957-1984 wlebSi literaturuli programebis udides nawils, Tumca literaturis redaqcia arc sxva xalxebis Semoqmedebas uvlida gverds da sistematurad acnobda mas msmenelebs Targmanebis saxiT. 183 tradiciulad, literaturuli gadacemebis redaqcia yovelTvis maRalkvalificiuri kadrebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli. aq Tavs iyridnen qarTuli mwerlobis warmomadgenlebi da profesionali Jurnalistebi, romelTa namuSevrebi dRemde daculia saqarTvelos radios audiofondSi: polio abramia, Salva amisulaSvili, varlam Juruli, mose qarCava, mogvianebiT: guram buxnikaSvili, ciala yifiani, akaki koberiZe, Tina kobalaZe, lamara kikilaSvili, nazi eliaSvili, jumber baqraZe, kapiton rusiSvili, soso paiWaZe, eldar kerZevaZe, vitali miqiaSvili, nana talaxaZe, maia wereTeli, mzia Cxetiani, zaza daraseli, soso sigua, mixeil kopaleiSvili, Tamaz xmalaZe, zina mWedluri, nana amiranaSvili, rusudan sulakauri da sxv. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom literaturam radioSi mniSvnelovani transformaciac ganicada, radgan eTerSi igi, literaturis Tanamedrove `werilobiTi enisagan~ gansxvavebiT, grafikuli ki ara, bgeriTi niSnebiT gadmoicema. beWduri sityva zepiri sityviT Seicvala da axali esTetikuri Tvisebebi SeiZina — literaturul teqsts daemata wamkiTxvelis ostatoba, gaerTianda ori xelovneba — mwerlisa da deklamatorisa. literatura radioSi warmoudgenelia wamkiTxvelis xelovnebis gareSe (es misi arsebobis formaa), amitom ramdenadme xelovnuri iyo rubrika — `mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebi~, romelic 1963-1984 wlebSi jer sistematurad, Semdeg ki TandaTan iSviaTad gamoCndeboda xolme programaSi da bolos, savsebiT logikurad, gauqmda kidec. isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvela literaturuli nawarmoebi erTnairad ar gamodgeba xmamaRla wasakiTxad. poeziis popularoba radioeTerSi, magaliTad, upirvelesad imiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom leqsi Tavidanve mosasmenad aris gankuTvnili (sxvanairad azri ar eqneboda mis melodikas, ritmikasa da evfonias). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTul leqss (Targmanic xom qarTuli poeturi xelovnebis nawilia) ar hyolia radiosTana qomagi da damfasebeli. aTeuli wlebis manZilze eTerSi yoveldRiurad JRerda erovnuli Tu Targmnili poeziis nimuSebi — sxvadasxva rubrikiT, sxvadasxva formiT, avtorebisa Tu msaxiobebis kiTxviT. 1957-1984 wlebSi sistematurad (xSirad ki yovel kviras) gadaicemoda rubrika `poeti mikrofonTan~ (an `poeti studiaSi~, rogorc, magali184 Tad, 1978 wels). paralelurad 1970 wlis dekembridan eTerSi damkvidrda xuTwuTiani rubrika `poezia upirveles yovlisa~, romelic kviraSi samjer, erTsa da imave dros, radiomsmenelebs acnobda qarTuli da sazRvargareTuli poeziis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs (igi saukunis bolomde iyo saqarTvelos radios programaSi). damatebiT calke rubrikebi iyo SemoRebuli qarTuli klasikuri poeziis propagandisaTvis: `qarTuli poeziis anTologia~ (1958), `qarTuli poeziis anTologiidan~ (1964) da `qarTuli poeziis saganZuri~ (1968-1974). 1966 wels, rusTavelis 800 wlisTavisaTvis, cnobili qarTveli msaxiobebis: v. anjafariZis, T. WavWavaZis, e. manjgalaZis, o. meRvineTuxucesis, g. saRaraZis, t. sayvareliZis, T. xaindravas, g. sixaruliZisa da sxvaTa kiTxviT mTlianad Caiwera `vefxistyaosani~ da gadaica rubrikiT — `rusTavelis saiubileod~. garda amisa, drodadro mzaddeboda radioalmanaxi `poezia~ (1971-1973), ciklebi: `poeturi rveuli~ (1974-1978) da `cecxlis yvavilebi~ (leqsebi omze — 1982). maisSi an ivnisSi sistematurad aRiniSneboda poeziis dRe (magaliTad, 1960 wlis 5 ivniss am rubrikiT 35 wuTi daeTmo i. griSaSvilsa da g. leoniZes). xSirad rubrikebis gareSec gadaicemoda TvalsaCino qarTveli poetebis leqsebi (magaliTad, `ioseb griSaSvilis leqsebi~, `giorgi leoniZis leqsebi~, `simon Ciqovanis leqsebi~, `irakli abaSiZis leqsebi~ da a.S.). didi yuradReba eqceoda qarTuli xalxuri poeziis warmoCenas. folkloris klasikur nimuSebTan erTad saqarTvelos radio msmenelebs acnobda xalxuri Semoqmedebis axalmoZiebul nimuSebsac. magaliTad, 1960 wlis TebervalSi gamocxadebul konkurSi `xalxis saunje~, musikos-SemsruleblebTan, mocekvaveebTan, mxatvar-moqandakeebTan erTad mowveuli iyvnen saxalxo mTqmelebic.1 mogvianebiT xalxuri leqsebisaTvis Seiqmna specialuri rubrikebic: `Cemo naTqvamo sityvao!~ (1977, yovelkvireuli) da `leqso, nu daikargebi!~ (1980 wlidan). es mokle mimoxilvac naTlad gviCvenebs saqarTvelos radios did mondomebas qarTuli leqsis popularizaciisaTvis. 1 gaz. `laparakobs Tbilisi~, 1963, 8.02, gv. 3. 185 rac Seexeba sazRvargareTis poezias, programaSi Tavis adgils poulobda msoflios gamoCenil poetTa — rogorc klasikosTa, ise TanamedroveTa saukeTeso nawarmoebebis Targmanebi, magram gacilebiT farTod iyo warmodgenili sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa poezia. Tanac umravles SemTxvevaSi iseTi leqsebi iyo SerCeuli, romlebic Seesabameboda socialisturi internacionalizmis principebs, umReroda xalxTa leninur megobrobas, mSobliur partias, erTian samSoblos — sabWoTa kavSirs. es advili SesamCnevia TviTon gadacemebisa da rubrikebis saxelwodebaTa mixedviTac: `arabi poetebis leqsebi leninze~ (1958), `xalxTa sayvareli — moZme respublikebis poetTa leqsebi leninze~ (1959), `Zmao, ZmiTa xar Zlieri~ (1975-1986), `vrcelia Cemi qveyana~ (1979), `megobroba gzad da xidad~ (1979-1984), `kavSiri gulTa Soris~ (1984). Tumca iyo SedarebiT neitraluri rubrikebic: `moZme xalxTa poezia~ (1964), `sabWoTa kavSiris xalxTa poezia~ (1968) da a.S. 1957-1965 wlebSi poeturi nawarmoebebi rusul enazec JRerda saqarTvelos radioSi — TiTqmis yovelTviurad gadaicemoda rogorc rusuli klasikuri da Tanamedrove poeziis nimuSebi, ise rusul enaze Targmnili qarTvel poetTa leqsebic (am periodSi prozauli nawarmoebebi da dadgmebic iyo eTerSi rusul enaze). aseve didi tradiciebi hqonda saqarTvelos radioSi prozauli nawarmoebebis kiTxvas. pirvel rigSi eTeri eTmoboda qarTuli klasikuri literaturis nimuSebs. calkeuli nawarmoebebis garda mzaddeboda specialuri ciklebi: `qarTuli klasikuri mwerloba~ (1967), `qarTuli proza~ (1968), `qarTuli klasika~ (1970). calke rubrikebiT gadaicemoda qarTuli sabWoTa literaturis aRiarebuli nawarmoebebi: `qarTuli sabWoTa literaturis saunje~ (1967, yovelkvireuli), `qarTuli sabWoTa literaturis saganZuri~ (1970-1972). Tanamedrove qarTul literaturas acnobda radiomsmenelebs rubrikebi: `Tanamedrove qarTuli romani~ (1973-1975), `Tanamedrove qarTuli moTxroba~ (1983-1984). SedarebiT naklebad gadaicemoda ucxoeTis proza. mxolod calkeuli nawarmoebebi ikiTxeboda zogjer zemoT aRniSnuli rubrikiT `mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebi~ da ramdeni186 me gadacema momzadda cikliT `sazRvargareTis progresuli literatura~ (1958, 1959, 1970). mokavSire respublikebis proza gadaicemoda saerTo ciklebiT `sabWoTa mwerlebis axali nawarmoebebi~ (1969-1970) da `sabWoTa xalxebis literatura~ (1970). am rubrikebis umravlesoba 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan Seicvala zogadi xasiaTis rubrikiT — `literaturuli kiTxva~. igi saTaves iRebs 1974 wlidan, roca saqarTvelos radioSi konkretuli rubrikis gareSe, yovelkvireulad, TanmimdevrobiT da gagrZelebebiT daiwyo sxvadasxva nawarmoebebis kiTxva (Tavidan prozisac da poeziisac). ianvridan ivlisamde gadaicemoda `vefxistyaosani~, Semdeg mas mohyva sulxan-saba orbelianis `sibrZne-sicruisa~, romelic 1975 wlis Tebervlis meore naxevramde gagrZelda. martidan daiwyo daviT guramiSvilis `daviTianis~ kiTxva, agvistos bolodan ki — `oTaraanT qvrivisa~ da a.S. 1976 wlis agvistodan amgvar gadacemebs saerTo saxeli — `literaturuli kiTxva~ ewoda da sistematur rubrikad iqca. kiTxva ewyoboda yovelkvireulad — orSabaTs, samSabaTs, oTxSabaTsa da xuTSabaTs, 14 saaTze, 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da 2000 wlis bolomde grZeldeboda saqarTvelos radioSi. igi moicavda mxolod prozas — rogorc qarTul, ise Targmnil nawarmoebebs. pirvel xanebSi am rubrikiT waikiTxes mniSvnelovani nawilebi iseTi nawarmoebebisa, rogoricaa: k. lorTqifaniZis `kolxeTis ciskari~, l. qiaCelis `gvadi bigva~ da `mTis kaci~, k. gamsaxurdias `mTvaris motaceba~ da `vazis yvaviloba~, s. kldiaSvilis `ferfli~, k. paustovskis `kolxida~, d. Sengelaias `wiTeli yayaCo~ da sxv. aRsaniSnavia, rom `literaturuli kiTxvis~ rubrikiT zogjer publicisturi da saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis nawarmoebebic ikiTxeboda. saqarTvelos radios literaturis propagandasTan erTad udidesi wvlili miuZRvis respublikaSi mxatvruli kiTxvis skolisa da mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebis mTeli pleadis CamoyalibebaSi. misi meSveobiT qarTulma sazogadoebriobam scenis garda eTeriTac, deklamaciis xelovnebiTac gaicno Teatris mravali korife da niWieri warmomadgeneli — al. imedaSvili, u. CxeiZe, a. xorava, a. vasaZe, v. anjafariZe, v. goZiaS187 vili, s. zaqariaZe, T. WavWavaZe, e. manjgalaZe, g. saRaraZe, o. meRvineTuxucesi, t. sayvareliZe, T. xaindrava, g. sixaruliZe da sxv. arc Teatrs, arc estradas miaxloebiTi efeqtiTac ki ar SeeZlo amis gakeTeba. garda amisa, saqarTvelos radioSi tradiciad iyo qceuli qarTveli mwerlebis mikrofonTan gamoyvana sakuTari nawarmoebebis wasakiTxad. msgavsad zemoT ganxiluli rubrikisa `poeti mikrofonTan~, 1957-1984 wlebSi (sxvadasxva dros metnaklebi periodulobiT) eTerSi sistematurad iyo rubrika `mwerali mikrofonTan~, xolo 1964-1965 wlebSi rubrika — `mwerlebi kiTxuloben TavianT nawarmoebebs~. Tavisi diqciiT da Sesrulebis xarisxiT mwerali SeiZleba Camouvardebodes msaxiob-deklamators, magram mis gamosvlas Tavisi upiratesobac aqvs. teqstis niuansebis codniT igi zogjer aRemateba kidec profesionalis kiTxvas, Canaweris dokumentur Rirebulebaze rom araferi vTqvaT (magaliTad, k. gamsaxurdias mier wakiTxuli `zarebi grigalSi~, romelic 1974 wlis 23 ivliss gadaica, Rirebulia ara imdenad mxatvruli kiTxvis TvalsazrisiT, ramdenadac imiT, rom mas avtori kiTxulobs, mis xmasa da ganwyobas inaxavs). dokumenturi xasiaTis iyo agreTve cikli `zepiri memuarebi~ — mikrofonTan gamodiodnen mxcovani mwerlebi, kritikosebi, mecnierebi, romlebic ixsenebdnen gardasul wlebsa da adamianebs, gamoCenil pirTa cxovrebis ambebs (mag., i. abaSiZis gamosvla 1981 wlis 6 ianvars, n. kecxovelis — 1981 wlis 5 ivniss, prof. s. xuciSvilis mogoneba vaxtang kotetiSvilze 1988 wlis 4 seqtembers da a.S.). zogjer saintereso mogonebebs uziarebdnen radiomsmenelebs cnobil mweralTa Svilebi Tu SviliSvilebi. dasanania mxolod, rom 1981 wlidan, rac es rubrika gamoCnda, yovelwliurad 2-3 gadacemaze meti ar mzaddeboda, 1989 wlis Semdeg ki saerTod aRar gamoCenila eTerSi (vin icis, ramdeni faqti, movlena Tu dokumenti saWiroebs gamomzeurebas, ramdeni pirovneba — gaxsenebas). didi yuradRebiT ekideboda saqarTvelos radio axalgazrda mwerlebis warmoCenas da xSirad uTmobda maT mikrofons. am mizniT SemoRebuli iyo rubrikebi: `axalgazrda mwerlebi studiaSi~, `axalgazrda mwerlebi mikrofonTan~ (1963, 188 yovelTviurad), `mikrofonTan axalgazrda avtorebi~ (1965), `Cveni literaturuli axalgazrdoba~ (1969), `axali saxelebi, axali avtorebi~ (1977-1978) da sxv. 80-iani wlebidan specialur rubrikebs axalgazrdobisaTvis literaturuli redaqcia aRar amzadebda — am Temam literaturul-publicistur JurnalSi da sxva ciklebSi gadainacvla (samagierod, axalgazrdobis redaqciam SemoiRo rubrika `Sexvedra axalgazrda SemoqmedebTan~, sadac sxvebTan erTad mwerlebsac eTmoboda adgili). literaturuli mauwyeblobis (da, ra Tqma unda, kidev ufro musikaluri da dramatuli mauwyeblobis) ganviTarebaSi gadamwyveti roli Seasrula magnituri Caweris SemoRebam da gadacemebis fiqsaciis SesaZleblobam. saqme marto is ki araa, rom man radioesTetikaSi drois transformacia ganapiroba da safuZveli daudo axali dokumenturi Tu mxatvruli Janrebisa da formebis warmoSobas, aramed isic, rom SesaZlebeli gaxada radios fondis Seqmna, mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi nawarmoebebis firze Cawera, Senaxva da mravalgzis gamoyeneba. amgvari `biblioTekis~ — fonoTekis Seqmnis saWiroeba yovelTvis idga radios winaSe, magram udides teqnikur siZneleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. 40-iani wlebis meore naxevramde mxolod kinos xmisCamweri teqnikis daxmarebiT gaWirvebiT xerxdeboda calkeuli gadacemebis, e.w. tonfilmebis Cawera. arada, mxatvruli nawarmoebi (arc radioSi da arc saerTod) mxolod erTjeradi `moxmarebisaTvis~ araa gankuTvnili. kultura ver iarsebebda, rom misi faseulobebis Senaxva da Semdgomi TaobebisaTvis gadacema ar xdebodes. radio marTlac mxolod eTerul da efemerul fenomenad darCeboda, rom misi Seqmnili nawarmoebebi ukanaskneli bgeris gaqrobasTan erTad qrebodes. dRes saqarTvelos radios programebis udidesi nawili (pirvel rigSi musika, Teatri, literatura) im Canawerebs emyareba, romlebic aTeuli wlebis manZilze aris Seqmnili da fondSi Senaxuli. es fondi ubralo sacavi rodia — igi qarTuli kulturis ganuyofeli nawilia da mis gareSe me-20 saukunis meore naxevris qarTuli kultura, qarTuli istoria bevrad Raribi da uferuli iqneboda (tyuilad rodi uwodeben mas xatovnad `oqros fonds~). 189 radios fondis arsebobam axali mimarTulebis Seqmnac ki ganapiroba literaturul mauwyeblobaSi. garda imisa, rom gadacemebs: `literaturuli kiTxva~, `poezia upirveles yovlisa!~ `mwerali mikrofonTan~ da sxv. xSirad Tan axlavs informacia maTi Caweris droisa da adgilis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos radioSi Camoyalibda mTeli rigi rubrikebi, romlebic uSualod fondTanaa dakavSirebuli da amiT iwvevs radiomsmenelTa interess. 60-ian wlebSi isini drodadro Tu gamoCndeboda eTerSi saiubileo TariRebis, radios dRis an gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebTan dakavSirebiT, mag.: `Cveni unikaluri Canawerebi~ (1963-1964), `dauviwyari xmebi~ (1965 wlis 22 Tebervals am rubrikiT gadaica g. tabiZis Canaweri, 1 marts — S. dadianis, 1968 wels — sxva qarTveli mwerlebisa da a.S.). zogjer calke gadaicemoda zogierTi safondo Canaweri, magaliTad, `Tomas manis xma Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebis fondSi~ (1966, 22.01), `a. yazbegis Semoqmedeba Cvens CanawerebSi~ (1967, 20.01), `brexti Cvens CanawerebSi (1967, 10.02) da a.S. 1970 wlidan amas sistematuri xasiaTi mieca — Seiqmna rubrika `Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebi~, romelic eTerSi iyo yovel SabaTs 20 saaTsa da 30 wuTze naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. am rubrikiT (igi 1987 wlis bolomde arsebobda) pirveli da mesame SabaTi musikalur gadacemebs hqonda daTmobili, meore — literaturuls da meoTxe — dadgmebs. amave dros 1978 wlidan mzaddeboda rubrika `axali literaturuli Canawerebi~ (weliwadSi 5-7 gadacema). rogorc Cans, literaturisTvis arc es aRmoCnda sakmarisi da 1984 wlidan Seiqmna calke literaturuli rubrika `radios fondidan~, romelic yovelTviurad 2-3-jer gadaicemoda da moicavda rogorc mxatvrul, ise literaturul-kritikul da saganmanaTleblo gadacemebsac (magaliTad, 1984 wlis 5,6 ivniss gadaica prof. g. kiknaZis gamosvla `ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedebis tendenciebi~). radios fondis SeqmnaSi prioriteti ekuTvnis literaturul da musikalur redaqciebs (rac bunebrivic iyo mauwyeblobis specifikis gamo), mxolod mogvianebiT aubes maT mxari sxva redaqciebma. gansakuTrebiT didi wvlili miuZRviT am saqmeSi redaqtorebsa da radioJurnalistebs T. kobalaZesa da l. kikilaSvils. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom safondo Canawerebis mniSvneloba marto maTi mravalgzis gamoyenebiT ar 190 amoiwureboda. bevr SemTxvevaSi mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi Canawerebi Tavisi esTetikuri da istoriuli Rirebulebis gamo unikalur masalas iZleoda axali radionawarmoebebis Sesaqmnelad. amis saukeTeso magaliTia l. kikilaSvilis saavtoro programa `rac daviwyebiT ar ibindeba~ (1973-1975), romelsac 1976 wlidan `gauxunar ferTa eqo~ ewoda. radio masobrivi informaciis erT-erTi yvelaze operatiuli arxia da, cxadia, uyuradRebod ver datovebda mimdinare literaturul procesebs (axali wignebisa da Jurnalebis gamosvlas, sxvadasxva konkursebs da a.S.), magaliTad: `raze muSaoben Cveni mwerlebi~ (1963), `qarTveli mwerlebis axali nawarmoebebi~ (1969), `axali qarTuli romanebi~ (1979-1982), `qarTveli mwerlebi xuTwledis mxardamxar~ (1974-1984). 1957-1984 wlebSi met-naklebi periodulobiT sistematurad mzaddeboda rubrika `axali wignebi~ (axalgamosuli nawarmoebebis nawyvetebis kiTxva), xolo 1977-1984 wlebSi — `axali Targmanebi~. 1979-1980 wlebSi rubrikiT `Jurnal `ciskris~ axali nomris miRebamde~ yovelTviurad gadaicemoda am Jurnalis yvelaze mniSvnelovani masalebi. 60-80-ian wlebSi periodulad iyo eTerSi jer rubrika `leninur premiaze wardgenili nawarmoebebi~ (magaliTad, 1962 wlis 18 ianvars gadaica nawyveti a. quTaTelis romanidan `pirispir~, xolo 27 ianvrs d. Sengelaias moTxroba `ganZi~), xolo Semdeg — `leninuri premiis laureatebi~ (isev nawarmoebebis kiTxva). aseve, 1965 wlidan gaCnda rubrikebi: `rusTvelis premiaze wardgenili nawarmoebebi~, `wardgenilia rusTavelis premiaze~, `rusTavelis premiis laureatebi~. 80-iani wlebidan maT daemata `wardgenilia saxelmwifo premiaze~ da `xuTwledis matianis~ premiis axali laureatebi~ (mag., m. kaxiZis leqsebis kiTxva 1984 wlis 1 Tebervals) da a.S. sxva redaqciebTan erTad literaturuli redaqciac, ra Tqma unda, operatiulad exmareboda sxvadasxva sazeimo TariRebsa Tu politikur RonisZiebebs. magaliTisTvis sakmarisia davasaxeloT 1958 wlis gadacemebi miZRvnili ssrk umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebisadmi, indoneziis saxalxo dResaswaulisadmi, vietnamis demokratiuli respublikis gamocxadebis dRisadmi, gdr-is mecxre wlisTavisadmi, komkavSiris 40 wlisTavi191 sadmi, axalgazrdobis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi da a.S. farTod aRiniSna Tbilisis 1500 wlisTavi da kidev ufro farTod — qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis dekada moskovSi. 5-dan 27 martis CaTvliT mas mieZRvna gadacemebi: `riT warsdgebian qarTveli mxatvrebi dekadaze~, `sadekado speqtaklebi~, `dekadis monawile mwerlebi mikrofonTan~, `dekadis monawile mwerlebi~, `qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis dekadis win~, `qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis dekada~ da a.S. partiis yrilobebis, oqtombris revoluciisa Tu samamulo omis saiubileo kampaniebis periodSi literaturuli redaqcia intensiurad monawileobda saerTo-sakomiteto rubrikebSi: `yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~, `didi oqtombris saiubileod~, `diadi gamarjvebis ama da am wlisTavisaTvis~ da a.S. upiratesad saTanadod SerCeuli mxatvruli nawarmoebebiT — Tematurad Sesabamisi leqsebisa da moTxrobebis kiTxviT. sapirvelmaisod da saSvidnoembrod sistematurad mzaddeboda paTetikuri literaturul-musikaluri radiokompoziciebi, gadaicemoda leqsebi samSobloze, partiaze, mSvidobaze da sxv. zafxulobiT literaturul programebs xSirad win uZRoda rubrika `SromiTi semestris monawileTaTvis~, TiTqos isini specialurad iyo gankuTvnili sazafxulo ardadegebze soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli studentebisaTvis da a.S. gansakuTrebiT farTod aRiniSneboda saqarTvelos radioSi qarTuli literaturis klasikosTa saiubileo TariRebi, rac mas qarTuli kulturis TviTmyofadobisa da erovnulobis aqtiuri propagandis saSualebas aZlevda. es tradicia saTaves iRebs jer kidev 30-iani wlebis meore naxevridan, roca radiom intensiurad daiwyo mzadeba rusTavelis 750 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad (igi sazeimod aRiniSna mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi 1937 wels) da daiwyo eTerSi `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxva u. CxeiZis, al. imedaSvilis, a. xoravas, v. anjafariZis da sxvaTa monawileobiT. maSin gamocxadda, rom saqarTvelos radios mizania Seqmnas `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxvis kultura,1 es dapireba man pirnaTlad Seasrula. aTeuli wlebis manZilze rusTaveli literaturuli mauwyeblobis mudmivi Tema iyo. `vefxistyao1 `radiogazeTi~, 1935, 15.02, # 1. 192 sani~ sistematurad gadaicemoda eTerSi mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatTa axali da axali Taobebis SesrulebiT. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1966 wels, rusTavelis 800 wlisTavis saiubileod `vefxistyaosani~ mTlianad Caiwera da gadaica eTerSi. marto amiTac ki SeiZleba Sefasdes saqarTvelos radios damsaxureba qarTuli kulturis winaSe. magram rusTavelis 800 wlisTavi radioSi mxolod `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxviT ar Semofarglula. momzadda uamravi gadacema, romlebic Seexeboda rusTavelis rols qarTuli eris sulier ganviTarebaSi, qarTuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi. gadaica aTeulobiT werili `vefxistyaosanze~ — iliasa da akakis polemikiT dawyebuli da rusTvelologTa Tanamedrove gamokvlevebiT damTavrebuli, agreTve rusTvelisadmi miZRvnili leqsebi, moTxrobebi, sxva mxatvruli nawarmoebebi. weliwad-naxevris ganmavlobaSi — 1965 wlis aprilidan 1966 wlis oqtombramde — yovel SabaTs, 22 saaTze, 30 wuTi daTmobili hqonda rubrikas — `rusTavelis saiubileod~. 1966 wlis meore naxevridan am rubrikam paraskevs, 22 saaTzec daikava naxevari saaTi. TviTon saiubileo kvira ki ase gamoiyureboda: 26.09-28.09 — saiubileo dRiuri. 26.09-27.09 — ssrk da saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSirebis gaerTianebuli plenumebis translacia S. rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo Teatridan. 27.09 — leqsebi rusTavelze. 28.09 — nawyvetebi d. arayiSvilis operidan `Tqmuleba SoTa rusTavelze~. 29.09 — SoTa rusTavelis Zeglis gaxsna. reportaJi axalcixidan. 30.09 — saiubileo saRamos translacia saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos sxdomaTa darbazidan. 30.09 — saiubileo koncertis translacia z. faliaSvilis saxelobis operisa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatridan. 01.10 — musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis. `SoTa rusTaveli musikaSi~. 01.10 — bavSvebisaTvis. `sibrZnis wigni~. 01.10 — oda rusTavelze. translacia Tbilisis sportis sasaxlidan. 193 arc sxva qarTvel mweralTa saiubileo TariRebi rCeboda yuradRebis gareSe. 1959 wels aRiniSna egnate ninoSvilis 100 da sulxan-saba orbelianis 300 wlisTavi. 1968 wels nikoloz baraTaSvilis 150 wlisTavisaTvis ocze meti gadacema momzadda (11 seqtembers moewyo saiubileo saRamos translacia). specialuri rubrikebi daeTmo a. wereTlis 120, 125, gansakuTrebiT ki — 150 wlisTavs. 1974 wels 30 seqtemberi — 6 oqtombris kvira mieZRvna a. yazbegis 125 wlis iubiles. farTod aRiniSna vaJa-fSavelas dabadebis 100 da 120 wlisTavebi. 100 wlisTavis saiubileo dReebSi marto bolo dekadaSi 17 gadacema iyo eTerSi. 16.07 — radiodadgma `aluda qeTelauri~. 17.07 — literaturuli gadacema — `mogonebani vaJafSavelaze~. — s. yubaneiSvilis saubari — `vaJa-fSavelas cxovreba~. 18.07 — saubari — `vaJa-fSavela da xalxuri zepirsityviereba~. 19.07 — literaturuli gadacema `mogonebani `vaJa-fSavelaze~. — S. mSveliZe. simfoniuri poema `zviadauri~. 20.07 — gadacema ciklidan — `Teatri mikrofonTan~, vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrioni~. 21.07 — vaJa-fSavelas lirika. 22.07 — vaJa-fSavelas moTxrobebi. 23.07 — saubari — `vaJa-fSavelas Semoqmedeba~. — radiodadgma `gvelis mWameli~. 24.07 — literaturuli gadacema — `mxatvruli metyvelebis didostati~. — S. mSveliZe. simfoniuri poema `mindia~. 25.07 — koncerti-saubari `vaJa da musika~. 26.07 — literaturuli gadacema — `vaJa-fSavelasadmi miZRvnili leqsebi~. — qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi vaJa-fSavelas teqstebze. — saiubileo saRamos translacia sportis sasaxlidan. erovnul problematikas ukavSirdeboda literaturuli redaqciis sxva saiubileo gadacemebic, magaliTad, `deda-enis~ 100 wlisTavi 1976 wels. 194 literaturuli mauwyeblobis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgenda publicistika. qarTuli mwerloba arasdros gandgomia realur sinamdviles — igi yovelTvis exmaureboda mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs, aqtiurad ganixilavda erisa da qveynis yvelaze mwvave problemebs da man es funqcia radioSic SeinarCuna. 1957-1984 wlebSi literaturul-publicisturi mauwyebloba ZiriTadad or mimarTulebas moicavda: pirveli, operatiulad asaxavda respublikis literaturul cxovrebas da, meore, sistematurad exmaureboda qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs. upirvelesad am funqciebiT iyo ganpirobebuli 1957-1984 wlebSi sxvadasxva publicistur-mxatvruli radioJurnalebis arseboba. 19571964 wlebSi es iyo radioJurnali `literatura da xelovneba~, romelic TveSi orjer gadaicemoda 45-60 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da mxatvruli nawarmoebebis garda Seicavda literaturuli movlenebis amsaxvel reportaJebs, interviuebs, mweralTa gamosvlebs da sxv. (amasTan, xelovnebis sxva dargebsac — kinos, Teatrs, mxatvrobas da a.S. ar tovebda uyuradRebod). masSi yvelaze gamokveTilad igrZnoboda literaturuli mauwyeblobis politikuri mimarTuleba — literaturis partiulobisa da socialisturi realizmis principebisadmi erTguleba. 1967 wels eTerSi gamoCnda `literaturuli almanaxi~, romelic Tavidan or TveSi erTxel mzaddeboda, xolo 1968 wels yovelTviuri gaxda. ramdenimejer gadaica programis formis `literaturisa da xelovnebis siaxleni~ (1965) da `literaturis siaxleni~ (1971). amave dros, 1964-1968 wlebSi mzaddeboda radioklubis tipis `literaturuli saRamoebi~ (zogjer yovelTviurad, zogjer naklebi periodulobiT), romelic garkveulwilad publicistikasac Seicavda (am periodSi sakavSiro radioSic iyo msgavsi rubrika — `literaturnie veCera~). 1974-1978 wlebSi `literaturisa da xelovnebis~ gamoSveba isev ganaxlda, magram amjerad mas radioJurnalis magivrad radioalmanaxi ewodeboda da TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda. amis Semdeg 10 wlis manZilze literaturuli radioJurnali programaSi aRar gamoCenila — publicistikam sxva rubrikebSi gadainacvla. Tavisi ciklebi hqonda gamoyofili uSualod samwerlo 195 publicistikas: `laparakoben literaturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweebi~ (1963), `literaturuli dialogebi~ (1974-1978) da, rac mTavaria, rubrika —~mwerali da cxovreba~, romelic 20 wlis manZilze (1968-1987) met-naklebi periodulobiT, magram sistematurad gadaicemoda eTerSi. es iyo publicisturi gamosvlebi yvelaze mwvave problemebze, narkvevebi da sxva dokumenturi nawarmoebebi cxovrebis aqtualur sakiTxebze, romlebsac mikrofonTan TviTon mwerlebi kiTxulobdnen (magaliTad, mweral a. abSilavas dokumenturi wigni e.w. `foTis eqsperimentze~ — `movdivar fazisidan~ sanam gamoqveyndeboda, jer radioSi iqna wakiTxuli 1984 wels da 11 gadacema moicva). literaturuli publicistikis kidev erTi gamokveTili mimarTuleba iyo narkvevebi TviTon mwerlebze da xelovnebis sxva dargis moRvaweebze — mxatvrebze, reJisorebze, msaxiobebze da a.S. isini Tavmoyrili iyo sxvadasxva rubrikaSi: `qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis gamoCenili warmomadgenlebi~ (1958), `literaturisa da xelovnebis moRvaweni~, `literaturuli portretebi~ (mag., g. natroSvili — 1963, 14.07, g. leoniZe — 1969, 27.12), `moZme respublikebis mweralTa portretebi~ (1969, rva gadacema), `sabWoTa mwerlebis literaturuli portretebi~ (1971-1974). magram yvelaze xangrZlivi istoria aqvs rubrikas `SemoqmedebiTi portretebi~, romelic 1957-1984 wlebSi sistematurad iyo saqarTvelos radios eTerSi. sxvadasxva dros am rubrikis personaJebi iyvnen: s. qobulaZe (1964, 7.02), e. amaSukeli (1967, 17.04), a. xorava (1969. 21.12), m. TumaniSvili (1970, 29.04), g. abaSiZe (1972, 6.07), l. qiaCeli (1974, 19.02), l. gudiaSvili (1976, 25. 03), a. vasaZe (1989, 6. 08) da mravali sxva — qarTuli kulturis TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli. gadacemebis xarisxsa da popularobas ki bevrad ganapirobebda mxatvruli kiTxva, dokumenturi saubris, leqsis, simReris, musikis, kino da Teatraluri fragmentebis, safondo Canawerebis intensiuri gamoyeneba. garkveuli publicisturi datvirTva hqonda agreTve literaturul-kritikul gadacemebsac. magaliTad, cikli `zneobrioba da qarTuli mwerloba~ SemecnebiTi daniSnulebis garda aRmzrdelobiT funqciasac asrulebda — aqtiurad exmaureboda Tanamedroveobis moralur-eTikur problemebs. am 196 cikliT 1981-1984 wlebSi 25 gadacema momzadda (aRsaniSnavia prof. r. baramiZis gamosvlebis seria — `zneobrioba `vefxistyaosanSi~ da kritikos g. asaTianis esei — `saTaveebTan~, romelmac 10 gadacema moicva). aseve didi patriotul-aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba hqonda SoTa rusTavelisadmi miZRvnil ciklebs: `rusTaveli msoflio literaturaSi~ (prof. l. menabdis saavtoro gadacema 1984-1986 wlebSi, 15 gadacema). dabolos, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom literaturis redaqcia iSviaTad, magram mainc amzadebda xelovnebis sxva dargebisadmi miZRvnil ciklebsac: `qarTuli sabWoTa saxviTi xelovneba 40 wlis manZilze~ (1961), `qarTuli sabWoTa filmi 40 wlis manZilze~ (1961), `kinos samyaroSi~ (1967), `qarTuli sabWoTa xelovneba~ (1967) da sxv. literaturuli mauwyeblobis erT-erT yvelaze popularul saxeobas 1957-1984 wlebSi warmoadgenda satirul-iumoristuli gadacemebi, romlebsac literaturul-dramatuli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis amave saxelwodebis redaqcia amzadebda (karlo faliani, lia ZiZiguri, dimitri lobJaniZe). igi moicavda iumoristul leqsebsa da moTxrobebs, literaturul feletonebs, sketCebsa da nawyvetebs komediebidan, kuriozebsa da sasacilo SemTxvevebs cnobil adamianTa cxovrebidan da a.S. TviTon gadacemebis forma da perioduloba wlebis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad icvleboda. 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi isini gaerTianebuli iyo rubrikaSi `satira da iumori~ (1958-1963, 30-40 wT.) da `mxiaruli Sexvedrebis klubi~ (1965, 30 wT.). Tu pirveli ZiriTadad calkeuli nawarmoebebiT Semoifargleboda, meore — krebiTi xasiaTis, garkveulwilad improvizaciuli programa iyo (mowveul stumrebTan dialogsac gulisxmobda) da im droisTvis erTgvar siaxlesac warmoadgenda (samwuxarod, misi mxolod ramdenime gamoSveba momzadda). 1963 wlis 15 ivlisidan pirvelad gavida eTerSi iumoristuli programa `mxiarul talRaze~. es iyo naxevarsaaTiani, Jurnalis tipis gadacema, romelic jer yovelkvireulad (SabaTobiT), Semdeg ki TveSi 2-3-jer gadaicemoda da moicavda rogorc mxatvrul, ise dokumentur masalebs (Sexvedrebi iumorist mwerlebTan, komikos msaxiobebTan, parodistebTan da a.S.). zogjer mTeli gamoSveba erT romelime 197 Temas an romelime avtors eZRvneboda. 1968-1984 wlebSi paralelurad mzaddeboda rubrika `satiris maxviliT~ (30 wuTi), romelic TveSi erTxel enacvleboda `mxiarul talRas~. igi ufro mwvave xasiaTisa iyo, daundoblad ebrZoda socialisturi sazogadoebis `calkeul naklovanebebs~ (Tumca konkretul misamarTebs ar Seicavda), amxelda kapitalisturi samyaros `mglur kanonebs~ (ZiriTadad rusulidan Targmnili pamfletebisa da sxva masalebis saSualebiT). satirisa da iumoris redaqcias ukavSirdeba radioTi kinofilmis gadacemis praqtikis aRdgenac. rogorc meore TavSi aRiniSna, 50-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sistematurad gadaicemoda yvela im filmis fonograma, romlebsac Tbilisis kinoTeatrebSi uCvenebdnen. aucilebel damatebiT informacias diqtori iZleoda (amgvar gadacemas `radiofilms~ uwodebdnen). amave tipis iyo rubrika `kinofilmi uekranod~, romelic 8 wlis manZilze — 1982-1989 wlebSi gadaicemoda (wliurad 3-4). miuxedavad imisa, rom igi uTuod daainteresebda auditoriis garkveul nawils (Tundac usinaTloebs an dedaqalaqs daSorebuli regionebis mosaxleobas), es ar iyo swori mimarTuleba — kino audiovizualuri xelovnebaa da misi xma calke, gamosaxulebis gareSe mosasmenad araa gankuTvnili. literaturasTan erTad radiomauwyeblobaSi farTo asparezi pova Teatralurma xelovnebam, Tumca literaturis msgavsad manac ganicada garkveuli transformacia. erTi mxriv, igi ufro Seesabameba radios specifikas, radgan zepir sityvas, xmaursa da musikas iyenebs, magram amasTan erTad Teatri iseT vizualur elementebsac Seicavs, rogoricaa dekoracia, msaxiobTa fizikuri moqmedeba, mizanscenebi da a.S., romelTa reproduqcia radios ar SeuZlia da iZulebulia isini sityvieri formiT gamoxatos. amiTaa ganpirobebuli rogorc Teatraluri translaciebis dros, ise studiaSi dadgmul speqtaklebSi wamyvanis arseboba, romelic radiomsmenelebs ganumartavs yvelafers, rac moqmed pirTa metyvelebiT, xmauriT an musikiT ar gadmoicema. saqarTvelos radioSi dramatul gadacemaTa redaqcia calke struqturad 60-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Camoyalibda. Tumca, rogorc wina TavebSi aRiniSna, is literaturul ma198 uwyeblobasTan erTad 50-iani wlebidan iRebs saTaves. sxvadasxva periodSi am redaqciaSi muSaobdnen: suliko gawerelia, lamara kikilaSvili, nazi eliaSvili, Sovina qacarava, manana TevzaZe, nino iaSvili. istoriulad dramatuli mauwyeblobis pirveli forma iyo Teatraluri speqtaklis translacia, Tavidan igi pirdapir erTveboda radioprogramaSi anda pirdapir gadaicemoda studiidan adaptirebuli saxiT, Semdgom ki, roca Caweris SesaZlebloba Seiqmna, speqtaklebis gadacemas ufro organizebuli da sistematizebuli saxe mieca. speqtaklis Canaweri, romelsac Tan diqtoris ganmartebiTi teqstic erTvoda, 60ian wlebamde cxaddeboda rogorc speqtaklis radiomontaJi. rubrika `Teatri mikrofonTan~ (igi moicavda rogorc dramatuli, ise saopero speqtaklebis pirdapir translaciebs an satranslacio Canawerebs) 1957-1970 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda orSabaTobiT an samSabaTobiT. 1971 wlidan misTvis gamoiyo mudmivi dro — orSabaTi, 20 saaTi da 30 wuTi, xolo 1983-1990 wlebSi SabaTi da kvirac daemata. am rubrikiT gadaicemoda rogorc respublikuri, ise raionuli Teatrebis gamorCeuli speqtaklebic, romlebic axla saqarTvelos radios fondSia Tavmoyrili da did mxatvrul memkvidreobasTan erTad unikalur masalas warmoadgens qarTuli Teatraluri xelovnebis istoriis SeswavlisaTvis. igive SeiZleba iTqvas meore rubrikis — `scenis ostatebis~ Sesaxeb. 1960-1970 wlebSi isic arasistematurad da sxvadasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda eTerSi, amasTan xan romelime msaxiobis portrets warmoadgenda (magaliTad, gadacema griboedovis saxelobis Teatris msaxiob i. rusinovze — 1960, 20. 04), xan kidev scenas speqtaklidan yovelgvari komentaris gareSe. 1971 wlidan igi sistematurad gadaicemoda yovel xuTSabaTs, 12 saaTsa da 25 wuTze, 10 wuTis moculobiT da warmoadgenda scenas speqtaklidan ama Tu im gamoCenili msaxiobis monawileobiT. Teatralur xelovnebas eTmoboda agreTve rubrika `scenebi speqtaklebidan~, romelic sxvadasxva periodulobiTa da qronometraJiT, magram sistematurad gadaicemoda 1957-1984 wlebSi da 1978 wlis yovelTviuri cikli `Tqveni TxovniT~, romelic literaturul gadacemebTan er199 Tad zogjer Teatralur speqtaklebsa da radiodadgmebsac moicavda. TviTon Teatraluri cxovrebis mimdinareobas, misi problemebis ganxilvas 80-iani wlebis meore naxevramde radiomauwyebloba nakleb yuradRebas aqcevda. saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 40 wlisTavisaTvis, 1961 wels moewyo ramdenime gadacema cikliT `qarTuli sabWoTa Teatri 40 wlis manZilze~ da 1967 wels, saqarTvelos gasabWoebis wlisTavisaTvis aseve ramdenime gadacema cikliT `qarTuli sabWoTa Teatri~ (calkeuli masalebi periodulad gadaicemoda agreTve radioJurnal `literatura da xelovnebaSi~). radiomauwyeblobaSi Teatraluri xelovnebis meore mimarTulebaa radioTeatri. rogorc adre aRiniSna, saqarTvelos radioSi pirveli radiospeqtaklebi ukve 30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi gamoCnda da Teatralur da saopero speqtaklebTan erTad pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi. maSin igi mZlavrad ganicdida deklamaciuri xelovnebis zegavlenas da ufro literaturuli Teatris esTetikisaken ixreboda. Semdgom radios specifikis aTvisebisa da misi gamosaxviTi saSualebebis dauflebasTan erTad radioTeatrmac TandaTan Seicno Tavisi SesaZleblobani. am procesSi didi roli Seasrula radioteqnikis ganviTarebam, kerZod, magnituri Caweris damkvidrebam, ramac mravalarxiani fiqsaciisa da Semdeg arsebul masalaze muSaobis saSualeba Seqmna. 60-iani wlebisaTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, radiospeqtaklis buneba ZiriTadad ukve gaazrebulia — es ukve aRar aris teqstis ubralo dialogizacia an sanaxaobis fonograma, aramed damoukidebeli esTetikuri struqtura, romelic maqsimalurad iyenebs radios yvela gamosaxviT saSualebas — zepir sityvas, xmaurs, musikas, montaJs, drois transformaciidan gamomdinare yvela SesaZleblobas. qarTuli radioTeatris Camoyalibeba reJisorTa ramdenime Taobis damsaxurebaa. 19571984 wlebSi, sxvadasxva periodSi, radioSi moRvaweobdnen: givi saginaSvili, daviT Zigua, sergo WeliZe, jemal anjafariZe, giorgi vasaZe, levan guruli, Salva mJavanaZe, ciala qurdovaniZe, neli rusiSvili, giorgi gamsaxurdia, vladimer modebaZe, TaTia xaindrava, badri miqaSaviZe, Tamaz mesxi da sxv. gansa200 kuTrebiT didi wvlili miuZRviT radios mTavar reJisorebs: g. macxonaSvils, v. maRlaferiZes, z. kandelaks. maTi namuSevrebi Rirseulad fasdeboda respublikis farglebs gareTac. magaliTad, 1960 wlis 13 maiss gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi!~ iuwyeboda, rom `radios literaturul-dramatulma redaqciam r. CaCaniZis moTxrobis `simRera oqrosfer mtredebze~ radiodadgma sakonkursod gagzavna sakavSiro radiokomitetSi. axlaxan gamoirkva konkursis Sedegebi. radiodadgma dajildovda meore xarisxis diplomiT. es SemoqmedebiTi gamarjveba Sedegia msaxiobebisa da reJisoris, redaqciis muSakebis kargi muSaobisa. dadgmis reJisoria g. macxonaSvili, mTavar rolebs asruleben msaxiobebi: kovaliova, siomina, respublikis saxalxo artisti T. WavWavaZe da sxv.~ aseve maRali Sefaseba mieca 1962 wels mokavSire respublikebis radiofestivalze n. dumbaZis moTxrobis `me vxedav mzes~ radiodadgmas, romelic 17 dekembers gadaica sakavSiro eTerSi (inscenirebis avtorebi: g. dvaliSvili, r. uruSaZe, reJisori g. macxonaSvili). rusul enaze momzadebuli qarTuli radiospeqtaklebi 70-ian da 80-ian wlebSic didi popularobiT sargeblobda amgvar festivalebze. radioSi speqtaklebis dasadgmelad araerTxel mouwveviaT qarTuli Teatraluri xelovnebis gamoCenili moRvaweebic, magaliTad, akaki vasaZe (fridrix Sileris `yaCaRebi~), arCil CxartiSvili (uiaraRos `mameluki~, al. morekis `beThoveni~), robert sturua da Teimuraz abaSiZe (onore de balzakis `mama gorio~), mixeil TumaniSvili (daviT kldiaSvilis `msxverpli~), Temur CxeiZe (antuan de sent-egziuperis `patara ufliswuli~), agreTve: dodo anTaZe, anzor quTaTelaZe, merab jaliaSvili, aleko ninua, Tengiz goSaZe da sxv. qarTuli radioTeatri arasodes yofila ganebivrebuli originaluri radiopiesebiT (pirveli seriozuli cdebi am sferoSi 80-iani wlebidan iwyeba da mxolod 90-ian wlebSi aRwevs garkveul profesiul dones). im dadgmebidan, romlebic 1960-1984 wlebSi momzadda, absoluturi umravlesoba Teatralur pirebsa da cnobil mxatvrul nawarmoebTa inscenirebebs emyareboda. pirvel rigSi saqarTvelos radiom miznad daisaxa axali xelovnebis saSualebiT qarTuli literaturis 201 warmoCena. eTerSi aJRerda qarTuli klasikis saukeTeso nimuSebi: vaJa-fSavelas `baxtrioni~ da `gogoTur da afSina~, a. yazbegis `moZRvari~, `elguja~, `xevisberi goCa~ da sxv. d. kldiaSvilis `darispanis gasaWiri~, i. WavWavaZis, a. wereTlis, e. ninoSvilis, n. lorTqifaniZis da sxvaTa nawarmoebebis inscenirebebi. gansakuTrebiT farTo adgili daeTmo uaxles qarTul literaturas: m. javaxiSvilis `arsena marabdeli~, k. gamsaxurdias `mTvaris motaceba~ da `didostatis marjvena~, g. leoniZis inscenirebuli moTxrobebi, l. qiaCelis `gvadi bigva~ da `haki aZba~, d. Sengelaias `ganZi~, l. goTuas `ugzo qaravani~ da `krwanisis sevda~, a. beliaSvilis `Tavgadasavali besik gabaSvilisa~, v. WeliZis `cxovreba ivane maCablisa~, r. jafariZis `jariskacis qvrivi~, r. inaniSvilis `Cemi wyal-Walis xmebi~, n. dumbaZis `nu gaaRviZeb!~, g. doCanaSvilis `kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda~ da mravali sxva. saqarTvelos radio arc sabWoTa literaturas da sazRvargareTis literaturas tovebda uyuradRebod. momzadda radiospeqtaklebi cnobili nawarmoebebis mixedviT: m. gorkis `makar Cudra~, n. pogodinis `mesame paTetikuri~, k. paustovskis `oqros vardi~, k. simonovis `dReebi da Rameebi~, C. aitmatovis `TeTri xomaldi~ da sxv. agreTve evripides `medea~, o. balzakis `polkovniki Saberi~, b. brextis `galileo galilei~, e. voiniCis `krazana~, e. hemingueis `moxuci da zRva~ da a.S. Cveulebrivad, 1960-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios kviris programaSi yovelTvis iyo erTi radiospeqtakli mainc. amave dros radioSi damkvidrda radiodadgmebis festivalebis mowyobis tradiciac (magaliTad, 1962 wlis april-maisSi da 1980 wlis noembridan 1981 wlis Tebervlis CaTvliT — saqarTvelos gasabWoebis 60 wlisTavisaTvis). ase rom, radioTeatri saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis aucilebel elementad Camoyalibda. musikaluri mauwyebloba. musika Tavisi bgeradobis gamo yvela xelovnebaze metad Seesabameba radios specifikas da radiomauwyebloba mTel msoflioSi misi yvelaze masobrivi gamavrcelebeli da propagandistia. musikalur gadacemebs yovelTvis wamyvani adgili ekava saqarTvelos radios programaSic. radioauditoriis musikiT 202 dainteresebam ganapiroba Tavis droze meore programisa da ultramokletalRovani mauwyeblobis Camoyalibeba, stereomauwyeblobis dawyeba, musikalur-informaciuli programebis warmoSoba. yoveldRiurad drois umetesi nawili eTerSi musikas ekava da, Sesabamisad, musikaluri gadacemebis redaqciac sxvebTan SedarebiT ufro mravalricxovani iyo. Tavidan igi mxatvruli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis struqturaSi Sedioda, 1967 wlidan ki calke mTavar redaqciad Camoyalibda (mTavari redaqtori aleqsandre bukia, 1968 wlidan — gulnara kacelaSvili, 1979 wlidan — lali vardanaSvili). 1957-1984 wlebSi, sxvadasxva periodSi, aq muSaobdnen: k. rosebaSvili, g. gvarjalaZe, g. arayiSvili, d. veCerkovski, m. gugeSaSvili, n. xvitia, g. TxeliZe, i. gamyreliZe, m. feraZe, l. miqaberiZe, l. sexniaSvili, m. fiCxaZe, m. korZaia, p. xurciZe, e. grigolia, e. jafariZe, j. yifiani, n. wilosani, l. wkeplaZe, v. nanitaSvili, j. sefiaSvili. a. beliavski, l. gabunia, l. karanaZe, n. baxtaZe, n. garsevaniSvili, g. xvedeliZe, m. CijavaZe, l. seTuriZe, m. SaoSvili da sxv. garda amisa, radioSi moRvaweobda bevri TvalsaCino musikosi — sxvadasxva orkestrisa da ansamblis diriJori Tu samxatvro xelmZRvaneli: lile kilaZe, givi azmaifaraSvili, vadim SublaZe, spartak korkotaSvili, kirile vaSakiZe, omar kelaptriSvili, niko nadiraSvili, mamia xateliSvili, Temur qevxiSvili, giorgi uSikiSvili, oTar safariSvili, saSa raqviaSvili, givi gaCeCilaZe, Tamaz yuraSvili, gogi kalandaZe da sxv. musika yovelTvis did rols asrulebda auditoriasTan radios urTierTkavSiris ganmtkicebaSi. yvelaze met werils saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi musikaluri programebis redaqcia iRebda da, rogorc wesi, radiomsmenelTa fostis udidesi nawili sxvadasxva musikaluri nawarmoebis gadacemis Txovnas Seicavda. amiTaa ganpirobebuli, rom daarsebidan dRemde saqarTvelos radios programaSi yovelTvis iyo koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT. 1961-1965 wlebSi mas ewodeboda `koncerti radiomsmenelTa dakveTiT~ da gadaicemoda yovel paraskevs, 30 wuTis moculobiT. 1966 wels koncerts ewoda `Tqveni TxovniT, megobrebo!~ da, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, 1984 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad iyo programa203 Si (50 wT.). garda amisa, 1963-1984 wlebSi yovel kvira dRes, 18 saaTisa da 10 wuTidan 19 saaTamde (1978 wlidan ki 19 saaTidan) eTerSi iyo kidev erTi `koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~ (periodulad — `Tqveni TxovniT, megobrebo!~). magram `dakveTili~ koncertebis organizacia yovelTvis mxolod radiomsmenelTa interesebiTa da moTxovnilebebiT rodi iyo gamowveuli. mas garkveuli politikuri funqciac ekisreboda da xSirad erTgvari `jildos~ formac ki hqonda — ama Tu im adamianebisadmi Tu socialuri jgufisadmi pativiscemas gamoxatavda. magaliTad, `koncerti komunisturi Sromis brigadebis, mowinave qarxnebis, fabrikebisa da sawarmoebis muSakTa dakveTiT~ (1960, 13. 07), `koncerti saqarTvelos Zveli bolSevikebis dakveTiT~ (1962, 25. 02), `koncerti Tbilisis elmavalmSenebeli qarxnis radiomsmenelTa kvireulis monawileTa dakveTiT~ (1962, 4. 03), `koncerti yizlaris zamTris saZovrebze myofi qarTveli mecxvareebis dakveTiT~ (1962, 28. 06) da sxv. rogorc adrec aRvniSneT, 1961-1971 wlebSi saiubileo ciklis `idide marad, Cemo samSoblov!~ yovel gadacemas calkeul raionze Tan axlda koncerti am raionis mSromelTa TxovniT; aseve, yoveli profesiuli dRis aRsaniSnavad specialur gadacemasTan erTad eTerSi iyo koncerti am profesiis muSakTa TxovniT. musikaluri gadacemebis redaqcia koncertebiT exmaureboda agreTve sxvadasxva politikur Tu sameurneo kampanias: `koncerti partiis ... yrilobis delegatebis TxovniT~, `koncerti SromiTi semestris monawileebisaTvis~, koncerti `TqvenTvis, mevenaxeebo!~ (1980, oqtomberi), koncerti `TqvenTvis, studenturi rTvelis monawileno!~ (1984, oqtomberi) da sxv. es koncertebi Sereuli xasiaTisa iyo da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT umravles SemTxvevaSi estradas, msubuq musikas, xalxur simRerebs moicavda. saerTod ki, saqarTvelos radios musikaluri mauwyebloba 1957-1984 wlebSi uaRresad mravalferovani da diferencirebuli iyo. amas, erTi mxriv, ganapirobebda auditoriis sxvadasxva nawilis, sxvadasxva socialuri jgufis gansxvavebuli gemovneba, interesebi da moTxovnilebani, romelsac musikaluri programebis redaqcia sistematurad swavlobda werilebis saSualebiT (iSviaTad, socio204 logiuri gamokvlevebis meSveobiT), agreTve radiomsmenelebis daswrebuli Tu dauswrebeli konferenciebis mowyobiT. magaliTad, 1960 wlis 25 marts gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi!~ iuwyeboda, rom `1960 wlis 31 marts saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis komiteti awyobs radiomsmenelTa saqalaqo konferencias Temaze — `musikaluri gadacemebi~. konferencia Catardeba v. sarajiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis did darbazSi (griboedovis q. 8). dasasruls gaimarTeba koncerti~. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom amgvar koncertebs radiomsmenelebTan sxvadasxva Sexvedrebze xSirad marTavdnen radio-televiziis samxatvro koleqtivebi. 1957-1984 wlebSi tele-radiokomitets mudmivad hyavda Tavisi simfoniuri orkestri, saestrado orkestri, folkloruli ansambli, sxvadasxva periodebSi ki bavSvTa gundi, xalxur sakravTa orkestri, vaJTa vokaluri kvarteti, simfoniuri kvarteti, ansambli `laSari~ da sxv., romlebic aqtiurad monawileobdnen musikaluri gadacemebis momzadebaSic. radioauditoriis moTxovnilebaTa Seswavla periodulad xdeboda agreTve televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis dReebis mimdinareobisas, romlebic 1980-1984 wlebSi xSirad ewyoboda sawarmoo Tu sxva organizaciebSi da respublikis calkeul regionebSi. musikaluri mauwyeblobis mravalgvarovan xasiaTs bevrad gansazRvravda agreTve TviTon musikaluri Janrebisa da formebis mravalferovneba. zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos radioSi Tavidanve Camoyalibda musikaluri mauwyeblobis sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: klasikuri musikis, saestrado da msubuqi musikisa da xalxuri musikis (TviTon musikaluri programebis mTavari redaqciis struqturac amis mixedviT iyo organizebuli). klasikuri musikis nawarmoebebi calke iSviaTad Tu gamoCndeboda programaSi, isini gaerTianebuli iyo sxvadasxva rubrikaSi, rac redaqcias Temebisa da formebis tipizaciis saSualebas aZlevda da xels uwyobda mudmivi auditoriis Camoyalibebas. zogierTi rubrika aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi gadaicemoda eTerSi, mag.: `xelovnebis ostatTa koncerti~ (an `msoflios, sabWoTa Tu saqarTvelos xelovnebis ostatTa 205 koncerti~), `popularuli simfoniuri musika~, `popularuli saopero musikis koncerti~, `sabaleto musika~, `kameruli musika~ da a.S. zogierTi rubrika Janris, avtoris anda Semsruleblebis mixedviT iyo diferencirebuli: `qarTveli sabWoTa kompozitorebi~ (1960), `sabWoTa musika~ (1961), `gamoCenili sabWoTa momRerlebi~ (1965), `sabWoTa musikis saaTi~ (1968, yovelkvireuli), `italiuri opera~ (1964) da sxv. ewyoboda mravali saopero da simfoniuri koncertis translacia operisa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatridan da saxelmwifo konservatoriis didi darbazidan. 1970-1984 wlebSi TveSi orjer, SabaT dRes, rubrika `Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebi~ (30 wT.) musikas eTmoboda. 1975-1991 wlebSi xSirad iyo eTerSi rubrika `Cveni axali Canawerebi~ (rogorc erovnuli, ise sazRvargareTuli musikis). gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos yovelkvireuli seriuli gadacemebi: 1963 wlidan yovel paraskevs, 1969 wlidan ki yovel kviras, 1984 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda rubrika `musikis saaTi axalgazrdobisaTvis~, xolo 1973-1991 wlebSi — `axalgazrdebis Semoqmedeba~ (yovel paraskevs, 20-25 wuTi). orive maTgani klasikur musikas uwevda propagandas. 1973-1981 wlebSi, yovel kvira dRes, erTi saaTi eTmoboda rubrikas `gamoCenili musikos-Semsruleblebi~ (koncerti). klasikuri musikis propagandis erT-erTi mimarTuleba iyo musikaluri gadacemebi komentaris TanxlebiT, sadac teqsti saganmanaTleblo funqcias asrulebda, xels uwyobda musikaluri nawarmoebis gagebasa da aRqmas, kompozitoris Tu Semsruleblis Semoqmedebis gacnobas da a.S. gansakuTrebiT mosaxerxebeli gamodga am mizniT koncerti-saubris forma — magaliTad, koncerti-saubari `diriJori e. miqelaZe~ (1959, 23.06), koncerti-saubari `franguli musika~ (1960, 12.05), koncerti-saubari `qarTuli musika yrilobidan yrilobamde~ (1966, 28.03), ciklebi: `simfoniuri musika da misi sakravebi~ (1966-1967, kompozitor S. mSveliZis saavtoro gadacema), `sabWoTa musikis matiane~ (1967), `qarTuli musika dRes~ (1971) da sxv. 1968-1975 wlebSi TiTqmis yovelkvireulad (SabaTobiT) eTerSi iyo rubrika gamoCenil kompozitorTa da musikos-SemsrulebelTa Sesaxeb `mogonebebi, werilebi, statiebi~ (1 saaTamde). ufro adre am tipis iyo radiokompozicia `jilis mo206 gonebebis masalebi~ (1966, sami gadacema). radiomsmenelebis didi interesi gamoiwvia Tbilisis konservatoriis profesor nodar andRulaZis saavtoro ciklma `msoflios saopero scenis varskvlavebi~, romelic 1984 wlidan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis moculobiT. 60-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi popularuli iyo saganmanaTleblo-gasarTobi ciklebi, romlebic mniSvnelovanwilad klasikur musikasac moicavda: `iciT Tu ara, Tqven? (1961), `musikaluri radioviqtorina~ (1963-1965, 1969, 1970), `musikaluri krosvordi~ (1964, 1965), `musikaluri leqsikoni~ (1964), `koncerti-gamocana~ (`modi, gavixsenoT!~ — 1973). radiomauwyeblobaSi gansakuTrebiT nayofieri gamodga mxatvrul da dokumentur teqstebTan musikaluri formebis gaerTianeba. es procesi saqarTvelos radioSi ukve SeimCneva 60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan. musikosebze Seqmnili mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi gadacemebi gamdidrebulia Sesabamisi musikaluri nawarmoebebiT, rac mkveTrad zrdis maT emociur zemoqmedebas da ufro srulad gviCvenebs gmiris saxes (sruliad cxadia, rom kompozitorsa da momReralze radioTi meti informaciis miReba SeiZleba misi bgeradobis gamo, vidre Tundac ukeTesi sagazeTo Tu saJurnalo narkvevidan). amasTan, aq musika imdenad gamosaxviT saSualebas ar warmoadgens, ramdenadac esTetikuri zemoqmedebis damoukidebeli funqcia gaaCnia, Tumca erTiani gadacemis ganuyofeli elementia. musikas aseT Sereul formebSi imdenad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, rom igi Janris saxelwodebazec ki aris damatebuli da xazs usvams nawarmoebSi ori elementis — zepiri sityvisa da musikis Tanaarsebobas. amis magaliTebia: musikaluri novelebi: `svaneTis mTebis gamoZaxili~ (1959. 9.04), `siWabukis wlebi~ (1961, 6.03), `violino~ (1964, 28.01), `Sopenis dabruneba~ (1979, 8.08), musikaluri moTxrobebi: `erTi Ramis genia~ (1964, 18.02), `rusuli simfonia~ (1966, 12.01), `Sopenis cxovrebidan~ (1968, 8.04); musikaluri radionarkvevebi: `niko SarabiZe~ (1968. 12.04), `eliso virsalaZe~ (1979, 17.05), `mReris medea namoraZe~ (1986, 13.03); `musikaluri portretebi~ (am cikliT, magaliTad, 1961 wels 12 gadacema momzadda p. amiranaSvilis, z. anjafariZis, n. andRulaZis, T. muSkudianisa da sxva gamoCenili qarTveli mom207 Rerlebis Sesaxeb); koncerti-narkvevi `profesor a. TulaSvilis klasi~ (1967, 11.12), koncerti-interviuebi: `Sexvedra S. mSveliZesTan~ (1982. 10.08), `petre TomaZe~ (1985, 18.04); amgvari formis iyo agreTve kompozitor j. sefiaSvilis saavtoro rubrika `Sexvedrebi mikrofonTan~ (1981-1986 w. yovel paraskevs, 25 wT, sadac igi nebismieri profesiis adamianebs iwvevda da intervius procesSi Tan mis sayvarel musikalur nawarmoebebs asmeninebda). saqarTvelos radios programaSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava sxvadasxva musikaluri konkursebisa da festivalebis gaSuqebas, romlebic ZiriTadad klasikur musikas eZRvneboda. sakmarisia davasaxeloT `amierkavkasiis musikaluri gazafxuli (1958, 11-13.05), `amierkavkasiis musikaluri Semodgoma~ (1963, 29-31. 10), `Caikovskis musikis kvireuli~ (1964, 3-9.05), `amierkavkasiis gazafxuli~ (1975, 22. 05-1.06), `amierkavkasiis musikos-SemsrulebelTa konkursi~ (sistematurad) da sxv. saerTod, musikaluri cxovreba yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos radios yuradRebis centrSi da sistematurad aisaxeboda sxvadasxva formiT. maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebuli iyo `koncerti-mimoxilvebi~. 1960-1984 wlebSi met-naklebi periodulobiT gadaicemoda radiomimoxilva (ase ewodeboda) `Tbilisis sakoncerto darbazebsa da TeatrebSi~, romelic mraval musikalur nomersac Seicavda. mimoxilvis formisa iyo radioJurnali `Cangic~, romelic 1963-1968 da 1980-1984 wlebSi, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda, sistematurad gadaicemoda eTerSi erTi saaTis moculobiT da ZiriTadad mimoixilavda Tvis musikaluri cxovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs (Tumca zogierT sxva masalasac Seicavda). 1977-1979 wlebSi `Cangs~ cvlida imave xasiaTis Tvis musikaluri mimoxilvebi: `musikaluri ianvari~, `musikaluri Tebervali~, `musikaluri marti~ da a.S. maTgan ramdenadme gansxvavdeboda koncerti-mimoxilvebi, romlebic TviTon radiomauwyeblobis musikalur gadacemebs uwevda reklamas, magaliTad, koncerti-mimoxilva `TqvenTvis, estradis moyvarulebo!~ da gansakuTrebiT ki — anonsi-mimoxilvis formis `musikaluri radioafiSa~. igi 19631984 wlebSi yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda 15-25 wuTis moculobiT da msmenelebs acnobda saqarTvelos radios Semdegi 208 kviris musikalur programas. musikalur propagandas ukavSirdeboda agreTve iseTi ciklebis momzadeba, rogoricaa: `leninuri premiis laureatobis kandidatebi~, `leninur premiaze wardgenili nawarmoebebi~, `leninuri premiis laureatebi~, `rusTavelis premiis laureatebi~, `saxelmwifo premiaze wardgenili nawarmoebebi~ da a.S. (yvela maTgani ZiriTadad musikaluri nawarmoebis gadacemas warmoadgenda). 1970 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi farTod gaSuqda z. faliaSvilis dabadebis 100 wlisTavi (saiubileo saRamos translacia moewyo 14 oqtombers). aRar gavagrZelebT imaze saubars, rom sxvadasxva saiubileo, sazeimo Tu didi politikuri RonisZiebebis dReebSi saTanado koncertebic mzaddeboda. musikaluri mauwyeblobis popularul mimarTulebas (gansakuTrebiT — axalgazrdobisaTvis) warmoadgenda saestrado da msubuqi musikis koncertebi. 1960-1990 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios mudmivi rubrikebi iyo: `saestrado koncerti~, `nacnobi melodiebi~, `msubuqi musika~, `saopereto musika~, `musika kinofilmebidan~ da a.S. zogierTi rubrika TiTqmis yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda. magaliTad, `dilis koncerti~ mTeli oci wlis manZilze (1969-1989), xuTSabaTisa da kviradRis garda, yoveldRe iyo eTerSi 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze (30 wT.), xolo 1979-1988 wlebSi 18.10-dan 19.00-mde, paraskevisa da kviris garda, yoveldRe gadaicemoda saestrado koncerti — `melodia, ritmi, ganwyobileba~. 1981-1984 wlebSi kviraSi oTxi dRe ekava rubrikas `melodiidan melodiamde~. yovelkvireulad iyo rubrikebi: koncerti `SabaT saRamos~ (19621967, 21 saaTze, 50 wuTi), `estrada guSin, estrada dRes~ (1971, 1972, 30 wT., kviradReobiT), `musikaluri mozaika~ (1980-1983, jer SabaTs, Semdeg — kviras, 30 wT.) da sxv. aseve mudmivad iyo 1960-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios programaSi rubrikebi, romlebic xalxur musikas moicavda: `qarTuli xalxuri musika~, `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, `qarTuli sufruli simRerebi~, `qarTuli xalxuri satrfialo simRerebi~, `qalaquri hangebi~ da sxv. radioSi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis propaganda mWidrod ukavSirdeboda respublikaSi mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebis ganviTarebas (xalxuri 209 musikisa da simRerebis didi nawili, romelic eTerSi gadaicemoda, TviTmoqmedi ansamblebis mier iyo Sesrulebuli). radiomauwyebloba am sferoSi did organizaciul muSaobasac eweoda — awyobda sxvadasxva festivalebsa da konkursebs saukeTeso TviTmoqmedi ansamblebisa da musikos-SemsrulebelTa gamosavlenad (gavixsenoT Tundac zemoT aRniSnuli konkursi `xalxis saunje~, romelic 1963 wlis TebervalSi gaimarTa). 60iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi TviTmoqmedeba xazgasmiT aRiniSneboda specialur rubrikebSic (igi Seesabameboda gavrcelebul lozungs, rom `xelovneba ekuTvnis xalxs~): `Cveni TviTmoqmedeba~ (1963-1966, yovelkvireulad, 30 wT.), `TviTmoqmedi ansamblebisa da individualur SemsrulebelTa koncerti~, `mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebis monawileTa koncerti~ (1964, 1965 — orive sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva periodulobiT). mogvianebiT xalxuri SemoqmedebisaTvis programaSi mudmivi droc gamoiyo. 1968 wels yovel orSabaT saRamos gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTiani koncerti `Cemi samSoblos simRerebi~, xolo 1977-1984 wlebSi, orSabaTisa da oTxSabaTis gamoklebiT, diliT 6 saaTsa da 35 wuTze eTerSi iyo rubrika `Cveni mTa-baris hangebi~ (25 wT.). saqarTvelos radio sistematurad gadascemda agreTve sxva xalxebis Semoqmedebis nimuSebsac. garda imisa, rom programaSi xSirad iyo afxazuri da osuri simRerebi, agreTve calkeuli gadacemebi sazRvargareTis xalxTa musikaze (magaliTad, `laTinuri amerikis xalxTa simRerebi~ da `afrikis melodiebi~ 1968 wels), 1957-1984 wlebSi mudmivad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `msoflios xalxTa musika~ da `msoflios xalxTa simRerebi~, xolo sxvadasxva periodSi: `simReriT msoflios garSemo~ (1961-1964) da `musikaluri globusi~ (1968, yovelkvireuli). calke unda gamoiyos `koncerti azerbaijanisa da somxeTis msmenelTaTvis~ (1960), romelsac garkveuli politikuri datvirTvac hqonda — socialisturi internacionalizmis Temas exmaureboda. am ciklis safuZvelze Seiqmna rubrika `megobrobis koncerti~, romelic 1969-1984 wlebSi yovel kviradRes, 15 saaTze rigrigobiT gadaicemoda Tbilisidan, baqodan da erevnidan samive respublikis msmenelebisaTvis 30 wuTis moculobiT (igi, ra Tqma unda, xalxuri simRerebis gar210 da klasikuri da msubuqi musikis nawarmoebebsac moicavda). dasasruls aRvniSnavT, rom 80-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos radioSi intensiurad mimdinareobda musikaluri fondis kompiuterizaciis samuSaoebi, risTvisac musikaluri gadacemebis redaqciaSi specialuri jgufi iyo Seqmnili. samwuxarod, ukve damuSavebuli didZali masala ganadgurda 1991 wels samoqalaqo dapirispirebisa da erovnuli gvardiis amboxebuli nawilebis mier radio-televiziis Senobis dakavebis periodSi da am samuSaoebis ganaxleba mxolod 15 wlis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli. saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba. saganmanaTleblo funqcia garkveulwilad publicistur, literaturul da musikalur programebsac axasiaTebs (Cven es zemoT aRvniSneT kidec), rom araferi vTqvaT sabavSvo mauwyeblobaze, sadac igi calke, gamokveTil mimarTulebas qmnis. magram radiomauwyeblobis sistemaSi aris gadacemebi, romelTa uSualo daniSnuleba ganaTlebis, codnis gavrcelebaa (radio Tavisi universalobis wyalobiT publicistikasa da xelovnebasTan erTad mecnierebis — codnis popularizaciis arxicaa). erT-erTi aseTi gadacema iyo `kulturis radiouniversiteti~ (mogvianebiT — rubrika `kulturis radiouniversitetis msmenelTaTvis~), romelic sakavSiro radios amave saxelwodebis rubrikis analogiiT Seiqmna da 1960-1963 wlebSi gadaicemoda kviraSi 2-3-jer, 1964-1965 wlebSi — 2-jer, 19661967 wlebSi ki — yovel kviradRes, 15-20 wuTis moculobiT. Semdeg es rubrika aRar gamoCenila, rac savsebiT logikuri gaxldaT, radgan `kulturis radiouniversiteti~ radios reliqturi forma iyo da mauwyeblobis intensiuri diferenciaciis pirobebSi Tavisi funqcia dakarga. igi informaciuli gamoSvebebis garda mauwyeblobis TiTqmis yvela saxeobas moicavda da Tematurad ganusazRvreli iyo: gadacemebi samyaros agebulebaze, atomur energiaze, komunizmis principebze, politikur problemebze, medicinis siaxleebze, literaturaze, musikaze, xelovnebis sxva dargebze da a.S. (am principiT SeiZleboda mTel radiomauwyeblobasac `kulturis radiouniversiteti~ darqmeoda). aqedan gamomdinare, mas ramdenime redaqcia amzadebda (mecnierebisa da teqnikis, sazogadoebriv211 politikuri, literaturuli, musikaluri da a.S.), rac xSirad rubrikaSic cxaddeboda, mag.: `literaturuli gadacema kulturis radiouniversitetis msmenelTaTvis~ (1962), `musikaluri radiouniversiteti~ (`rogor movusminoT musikas~ — 1963, 1. 10.) da a.S. 1961 wlis 29 seqtembers gazeTi `laparakobs Tbilisi~ radiomsmenelebs amcnobda: `oqtombris pirveli ricxvebidan ganvagrZobT gadacemebs kulturis radiouniversitetis msmenelTaTvis. literaturul-dramatul gadacemaTa redaqcias swavlebis meore wels ganzraxuli aqvs moamzados gadacemebi Semdegi ciklebis mixedviT: `qarTuli sabWoTa literatura da xelovneba~, `sabWoTa kavSiris xalxebis literatura da xelovneba~, `me-19 saukunisa da me-20 saukunis qarTuli literatura da xelovneba~, `sazRvargareTis literatura da xelovneba me-19 saukunis bolomde~... leqciebsa da saubrebs moamzadeben literaturaTmcodneobisa da xelovnebaTmcodneobis saukeTeso specialistebi — gadacemebs waiyvanen Cveni Teatrebis saukeTeso msaxiobebi. gamoviyenebT Canawerebis fonds, nawyvetebs speqtaklebidan scenis ostatTa monawileobiT~. amgvar gadacemebs rogorc literaturuli, ise sxva redaqciebic `universitetis~ Semdegac amzadebdnen sakuTari programiT. musikalur saganmanaTleblo gadacemebze Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rac Seexeba literaturul redaqcias, misi gadacemebis didi nawili esTetikurTan erTad saganmanaTleblo funqciasac asrulebda, xolo zogierTi cikli Tu rubrika uSualod am mizniT iyo Seqmnili, magaliTad, profesor ivane gigineiSvilis saavtoro cikli `qarTuli saliteraturo enis siwmindisaTvis~ (1979-1986), ciklebi: `ukeT vaswavloT mozardebs mSobliuri literatura~ (1986), `ras mogviTxrobs `qarTlis cxovreba~ (1974, 8.07), mweral v. WeliZis saavtoro cikli `saqarTvelos istoria — gmirebi da movlenebi~ (1983-1984, TveSi orjer, 20-25 wT.), `unikaluri qarTuli Zeglebi~ (1961), `ra ganZi gvqonia~ (1980-1984, wliurad 1-2 gadacema) da sxv. TandaTanobiT saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobam radioSi aseTi saxe miiRo: TiTqmis yvela redaqciaSi Seiqmna TiTo-orola cikli, sadac informaciis SemecnebiTi Rirebuleba utoldeboda mxatvruls Tu publicisturs (publicistur-saganma212 naTleblo da mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo gadacemebi, magaliTad, zemoT ganxiluli `milionTa leninuri universiteti~, `mowinave gamocdilebis skola~, `zneobrioba da qarTuli mwerloba~, `simfoniuri musika da misi sakravebi~, `Seni saxelmZRvanelos miRma~, axalgazrduli SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `SabaT diliT~ da sxv.). amasTan erTad, 1961 wels Camoyalibebulma mecnierebisa da teqnikis redaqciam Tavis Tavze aiRo wminda samecniero propaganda — saqarTvelos mecnierebis siaxleebisa da problemebis gaSuqeba; popularuli codnis gavrceleba pedagogikis, medicinis, ekologiis sakiTxebze; radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema; saswavlo gadacemebis organizacia da a.S. orive mimarTulebas axasiaTebda garkveuli publicisturoba, rac radiomauwyeblobis, rogorc masobrivi informaciis saSualebis, bunebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. radioJurnali `mecniereba da teqnika~, romelic 30 weli iyo eTerSi (19601990, yovelTviuri, 30 wT.), ZiriTadad samecniero publicistikas warmoadgenda — ganixilavda saqarTvelos mecnierebis yvelaze aqtualur problemebs, mecnierul miRwevaTa warmoebaSi danergvis sakiTxebs, eweoda axali, perspeqtiuli mimarTulebebis propagandas da a.S. publicisturi elferi dakravda erTi SexedviT wminda SemecnebiT gadacemebsac: `siaxleni sabWoTa kavSiris saxalxo meurneobis miRwevaTa gamofenaze~ (1960), `mecnierebisa da teqnikis samyaroSi~ (1961), `mecniereba da teqnika yvelasaTvis~ (1968), `mecnierebisa da teqnikis siaxleni~ (1974, 1975), `mecnierebis samyaroSi~ (1982) da sxv. 10 weli gadaicemoda eTerSi (1966-1976) yovelTviuri SemecnebiTi radioJurnali `TqvenTvis, cnobismoyvareebo!~ (30 wT.). metad gavrcelebuli forma iyo TviTon mecnierTa gamosvlebi: `mecnieri mikrofonTan~, `mecnierebi mrgval magidasTan~, `Sexvedra mecnierTan~. am mxriv saintereso iyo gadacema `mecnierebi muSaTa klubSi~, romelic warmoadgenda Tbilisis elmavalmSenebeli qarxnis muSaTa klubSi gamarTuli saRamos Canawers — saqarTvelos wamyvani mecnierebi pasuxobdnen muSebis mier dasmul SekiTxvebs mecnierebis sxvadasxva sakiTxebze (1968, 27. 02). saerTod, radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema 213 (maT Soris, mecnierebis sakiTxebzec) metad popularuli iyo 60-80-iani wlebis saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi. 19601963 wlebSi, TiTqmis yovel paraskevs, 21 saaTze gadaicemoda `pasuxi radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze~ 15 wuTis moculobiT (mecnierebis siaxleebze, soflis meurneobis praqtikul sakiTxebze, medicinaze da a.S.). 1971-1973 wlebSi kviraSi samjer, 12 saaTsa da 55 wuTze eTerSi iyo xuTwuTiani rubrika `vupasuxebT radiomsmenelebs~, 1980-1984 wlebSi ki — rubrika `gvekiTxebian — vupasuxebT~ (sxvadasxva periodulobiT). drodadro gamoCndeboda xolme rubrikebi: `radiomsmenelebs upasuxeben mecnierebi~ (mag., `ra aris sizmari!~ — mikrofonTan akad. r. naTaZe, 1977, 17. 01) da `mecniereba: pasuxi radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebze~ (1987). radios socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi funqciidan gamomdinare, saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobaSi yovelTvis didi yuradReba eTmoboda pedagogikuri codnis propagandas. 19571960 wlebSi drodadro, xolo 1961-1966 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi rubrika `gadacema mSoblebisaTvis~, romelic bavSvTa aRzrdis konkretul sakiTxebs moicavda (agreTve praqtikul rCevebs iZleoda maTi janmrTelobis dacvis TvalsazrisiTac). aRzrdas, mSoblebisa da Svilebis urTierTobas, sxva ojaxur problemebs eZRvneboda yovelkvireuli cikli `maTTvis, vinc Sin darCa~ (1964). jer meore programiT, 1965 wlidan ki — pirveli programiT eTerSi gamoCnda rubrika `didebi da patarebi~. es iyo publicistur-saganmanaTleblo gadacemebis seria, romelic ZiriTadad sakavSiro radiodan mowodebuli masalebis Targmans warmoadgenda (Tumca masSi adgilobrivi avtorebic monawileobdnen) da konkretul, cxovrebiseul magaliTebze dayrdnobiT acnobda radiomsmenelebs bavSvebTan yoveldRiuri urTierTobis meTodebs, mozardebis CamoyalibebasTan dakavSirebul problemebs. rubrika 20 welze metxans arsebobda da met-naklebi sistematurobiT yovel kviras gadaicemoda. publicistur-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo agreTve cikli `aRvuzardoT mamulsa Svili~, romelsac sxvadasxva dargis specialistebi (saSualo da umaRlesi skolis pedagogebi, fsiqologebi, sociologebi da sxv.) amzadebdnen (1981-1984). 214 aseve, yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos radioSi gadacemebi janmrTelobis dacvis praqtikul sakiTxebze, rac am sferosadmi auditoriis mudmivi interesiT aixsneba. 1957-1984 wlebSi samedicino rCevebiT mikrofonTan sistematurad gamodiodnen praqtikosi eqimebic da samedicino mecnierebis warmomadgenlebic. garda amisa, 1964 wlidan eTerSi iyo radioJurnali `janmrTelobis enciklopedia~ (1968 wlidan — `janmrTeloba~), romelic TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda 30 wuTis moculobiT. radioJurnali janmrTelobis dacvis TiTqmis yvela sakiTxs moicavda, agreTve iZleoda mdidar informacias medicinis siaxleebze, axal samedicino dawesebulebebze, ganixilavda saqarTveloSi samedicino momsaxurebis problemebs da a.S. 1982-1984 wlebSi mzaddeboda kidev erTi samedicino cikli `janmrTeli rom viyoT~ (15 wT.). naklebi intensiurobiT, magram drodadro saqarTvelos radioSi ekologiis sakiTxebzec mzaddeboda gadacemebi. 1963 wels ramdenimejer gamoCnda cikli `adamiani da buneba~ (15 wT.), 1964-1970 wlebSi — radioJurnali `bunebis kari~ (30 wT.). 1968 wels TiTo-orola gadacema ciklebiT: `Cveni mTebi da velebi~, `Cveni mwvane megobrebi~, `Cveni mwvane saunje~. 1971-1972 wlebSi gadaicemoda cikli saqarTvelos nakrZalebze da sxv. dabolos, calke unda gamoiyos saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobis specifikuri mimarTuleba — saswavlo gadacemebi. marTalia, 60-80-iani wlebis saqarTvelos radioSi mas iseTi mniSvneloba aRar eniWeboda, rogorc adrindel periodebSi (ZiriTadad saswavlo telemauwyeblobis ganviTarebis gamo), magram am tipis zogierTi gadacema mainc mzaddeboda. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mas, miuxedavad wminda saswavlo xasiaTisa, publicisturi daniSnulebac hqonda — sazogadoebrivi azris formirebis funqciac ekisreboda, magaliTad, skkp 22-e yrilobaze partiis axali programis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT 1961 wlis 11 dekembridan saqarTvelos radiom SemoiRo axali cikli — `skkp programis leqtoriumi~, romelsac saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebasTan erTad didi politikur-propagandistuli mniSvnelobac eniWeboda. aseTive ormagi funqcia ekisreboda saswavlo cikls `mecnieruli komunizmis safuZvlebi~ (1964) da 1973-1974 wlebSi 215 morig ekonomikur reformasTan dakavSirebiT Seqmnil cikls `ekonomikuri codnis safuZvlebi~, romelic kolmeurneebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis muSebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili (igi cikl `ekonomikuri reformis sakiTxebis~ gagrZelebas warmoadgenda). principulad gansxvavebulia da wminda saswavlo funqcia aqvs radioSi enis gakveTilebs. Tavisi specifikis gamo radios televiziaze naklebad ar SeuZlia enis swavleba da SemTxveviTi araa, rom TiTqmis yvela cnobili radiosadguri eweva am saqmianobas (bi-bi-si, en-eiC-kei, `frans-internasionali~, `amerikis xma~ da a.S.), gansakuTrebiT ucxouri auditoriisaTvis. saqarTvelo mravalerovani qveyanaa da saxelmwifo enis gavrcelebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba radios erT-erT sapatio amocanad unda CaiTvalos. miuxedavad amisa, 70-iani wlebis bolomde am mimarTulebiT araferi gakeTebula. es dagvianeba imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom xelisuflebas eSinoda erT-erT saxelmwifo enis (Tundac formalurad) — qarTuli enis aSkara propagandisa da amitom arc meore saxelmwifo enis — rusuli enis warmoCenisTvis iyo ganwyobili. mxolod 1978 wlidan iqna SemoRebuli yovelkvireuli 20-wuTiani cikli `rusuli enis SemswavlelTa dasaxmareblad~, Tumca amgvari perioduloba enis SeswavlisaTvis, ra Tqma unda, sakmarisi ar iyo. radios specifikis gamoyenebis kidev erT magaliTad SeiZleba CaiTvalos saqarTvelos radioSi simReris swavlebis organizeba. 1958 wels, magaliTad seqtember-oqtomberSi 4jer iyo eTerSi 10-wuTiani rubrika `Tbilisze musikis Seswavla~ (igulisxmeboda rezo laRiZis `simRera Tbilisze~). ufro seriozulad iyo gaazrebuli cikli `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis gakveTili~ (35 wT.), romelic 1984-1987 wlebSi (ardadegebis gamoklebiT) yovelkvireulad mzaddeboda. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom aq prioriteti radios ar ekuTvnoda — analogiuri cikli jer saqarTvelos televiziaSi Seiqmna da radioSi Semdeg damkvidrda. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyebloba. mauwyeblobis es saxeebi specializebul gadacemebs moicavs, radgan gaTvaliswinebulia radiomsmenelebis gansazRvruli nawilisTvis — sabavSvo da axalgazrduli auditoriisaTvis. Tanac orive 216 maTgani, rogorc ityvian, warmoadgens `studias studiaSi~ — mravalfunqciuri da mravalTemiania. ra Tqma unda, 1958-1984 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi sxva specializebuli gadacemebic mzaddeboda, magram mcire raodenobiT. SeiZleba mxolod davasaxeloT 10-wuTiani `gadacema soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~ (Semdeg `soflis dila~, romelic yovel samuSao dRes iyo eTerSi) da radioJurnalebi: `Cveni sofeli~ (yovelTviuri, 30 wuTi, 1960-1976 wlebSi), `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ (yovelkvireuli, 35-45 wuTi, 1960-1989 wlebSi), `radioJurnali qalebisaTvis~ (yovelTviuri, 30 wuTi, 1960-1963 wlebSi). sabavSvo mauwyebloba mravalmxriv aris specifikuri: jer erTi, igi gamoirCeva gamokveTili aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTiT, didaqtikuri mizanmimarTulebiT; meore, moicavs metad gansxvavebul auditorias — sabavSvo baRidan dawyebuli saSualo skolis CaTvliT; da, mesame, Tavis TavSi aerTianebs mauwyeblobis samive saxeobas — publicistur, mxatvrul da saganmanaTleblo gadacemebs. maTi sazogadoebrivi daniSnuleba imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom sabavSvo mauwyeblobam Tavidanve gamokveTili xasiaTi miiRo, sanam calke redaqciad Camoyalibdeboda. 60-iani wlebis dasawyisidan, rogorc aRvniSneT, igi axalgazrdobis redaqciasTan erTad erT mTavar redaqciaSi iyo gaerTianebuli, xolo 1973 wels damoukidebeli mTavari redaqcia gaxda. 60-80-ian wlebSi aq bevri profesionali Jurnalisti moRvaweobda: gogi nadareiSvili, rodam CaCaniZe, eka miqaberiZe, lamara bokeria, dali RvinianiZe, mixeil kopaleiSvili, anzor xomeriki, ema bugianaSvili, nunu gabunia (mus. redaqtori), Temur metreveli, lala gordaZe, maia bibileiSvili, mzia Cxetiani, julieta lomTaZe, anzor gelaSvili, lili WaniSvili, dodo iaSvili da sxv. mozardis Camoyalibeba metad rTuli procesia da am procesSi radiomauwyeblobas garkveuli roli ekisreboda. misi saqmianoba ki 60 wlis manZilze ganisazRvreboda komunisturi aRzrdis saerTo principebiT. bavSvis socializaciis ideologiur da organizaciul formebs gamokveTili politizebuli xasiaTi hqonda da sam asakobriv jgufs moicavda: oqtombrelebis (skolamdeli asakis bavSvebi da dawyebiTi klasebis 217 moswavleebi), pionerebis (saSualo klasebis moswavleebi) da komkavSirlebisa (ufrosklaselebi). Sesabamisad iyo diferencirebuli sabavSvo mauwyeblobac, am jgufebze informaciulanalitikuri da mxatvrul-SemecnebiTi zemoqmedeba. mozardi Taobis socializaciis procesSi yvelaze aqtiur rols asrulebda publicisturi gadacemebi, romlebic, cxadia, asakobrivi specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT mzaddeboda. rubrikiT `yvelaze patarebisaTvis~ 1957-1964 wlebSi, yovelkvireulad eTerSi iyo gadacema skolamdeli asakis bavSvebisa da umcrosklaselTaTvis, 1965-1984 wlebSi ki mas `radiosadguri `cicinaTela~ ewodeboda (qronometraJi 20 wT.). igi Sereuli xasiaTisa iyo da leqsebsa da simRerebTan erTad reportaJebsa da bavSvebis saubris Canawerebsac Seicavda. 1960 wels mzaddeboda agreTve rubrika `gadacema umcrosklaselTaTvis~ da 1981-1982 wlebSi — `izarde, mwvane jejilo!~ ufro meti iyo publicisturi gadacemebi pioneruli asakis bavSvebisaTvis. 1957-1964 wlebSi kviraSi oTxjer, 19651988 wlebSi ki kviraSi samjer gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTiani radiogazeTi `saqarTvelos pioneri~ (aqedan erTi sakvirao gamoSveba iyo, erTi ki rusul enaze mzaddeboda). radiogazeTi rubrikebis sistemaze iyo agebuli da norC msmenelebs mouTxrobda Tanatolebis swavlasa da klasgareSe saqmianobaze, pionerul cxovrebaze, SemoqmedebiTi wreebis muSaobaze, sportul warmatebebze da a.S., exmaureboda mimdinare politikur movlenebs. gadaicemoda reportaJebi, interviuebi, korespondenciebi, TviTon bavSvebis gamosvlebi. magram arcTu iSviaTad am gamosvlebis teqstebs ufrosebi werdnen (es advili SesamCnevia radiogazeTebis teqstebis gacnobisas) da Semdeg bavSvebs mikrofonTan akiTxebdnen, rac maT xelovnurobisa da siyalbis elfers aZlevda. igive SeiZleba iTqvas radiogazeTis wamyvani norCi diqtorebis Sesaxebac, romlebic xSirad bavSvebisaTvis Seuferebeli intonaciiT kiTxulobdnen ufrosebis mier daweril paTetikur teqstebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi samxedro-patriotul aRzrdas. garda radiogazeTis calkeuli siuJetisa, am Temas eZRvneboda ciklebi: `gmiri bavSvebi~ (1969), `mogiTxrobT gmir pionerebze~ (1972), `kidevac 218 daizrdebian~ (1976, 1977), romlebic bavSvebs STaagonebda socialisturi samSoblos siyvaruls (ra Tqma unda, mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris), misTvis Tavdadebis grZnobas. sxva publicisturi gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia sabavSvo ciklebi: `TqvenTvis, alisferyelsaxvevianebo!~ (1965), `gesaubrebaT Tqveni maswavlebeli~ (1966-1967), radiokompozicia `miiRe, mamulo, Cveni pataki!~ (pionerTa dResTan dakavSirebiT — 1982, 19.05) da sxv. TiTqmis sami aTeuli wlis manZilze (1957-1985) yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda respublikuri pioneruli gazeTis 10-wuTiani mimoxilva — `gazeT `norCi leninelis~ furclebze~, romelic bavSvebs acnobda yvelaze saintereso masalebs da a.S. Tematuri mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda ufrosklaselTaTvis gankuTvnili publicisturi gadacemebi — am asakSi xom politikis, zneobis, msoflmxedvelobis, cxovrebiseuli kredos nebismier sakiTxze SeiZleba laparaki. rubrikebiT: `gadacema moswavleTaTvis~ (1957-1971) da `gadacema ufrosklaselTaTvis~ (1968) mikrofonTan gamodiodnen mwerlebi, mecnierebi, respublikis cnobili adamianebi, romlebic saymawvilo auditorias uxsnidnen maradiuli sulieri da socialuri Rirebulebebis mniSvnelobas, WeSmariti moqalaqeobriobis principebs (aRsaniSnavia prof. S. amonaSvilis publicistur-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis gamosvlebi sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul problemebze 70-80-ian wlebSi). xSirad iyo saubari ekonomikuri cxovrebis, mecnierebis, literaturisa da xelovnebis sxvadasxva sakiTxze. gamosaSvebi klasebis moswavleTa momaval cxovrebas, maT profesiul orientacias eZRvneboda cikli `Tqveni cxovrebis gzajvaredinze~ (1967). ra Tqma unda, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda socialisturi cxovrebis wesis, komunisturi idealebis propagandas. specialuri rubrikiT — `komkavSireli aqtivistebi~ (mogvianebiT — `laparakoben komkavSireli aqtivistebi~) sistematurad Suqdeboda skolis komkavSiruli organizaciis cxovreba (iseve, rogorc partiis centraluri komiteti mTel radiomauwyeblobas — sabavSvo da axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas kurirebas uwevda saqarTvelos komkavSiris centraluri komiteti). 1974 wels Camoyalibda `komkavSiruli radioklubi~ 219 (25-30 wT.). saerTod, klubis forma sakmaod popularuli iyo sabavSvo radiomauwyeblobaSi. 1970 wels arsebobda `moswavleTa radioklubi `fiqrebi xmamaRla~ (Tumca fiqrebi albaT yvelaze naklebad Seesabameba klubis formas, romelic dialogsa da diskusias gulisxmobs). ufro sistematuri xasiaTisa iyo `moswavleTa sadiskusio klubi `mivdivar 21-e saukuneSi~ (1978, 1979) da `sadiskusio radioklubi `Cveni cxovrebis anbani~ (1980, 1981). rogorc saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, klubebSi ganixileboda rogorc Tanamedroveobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi, ise momavlis problemebic. publicisturi aqtualobiT gamoirCeoda agreTve `radiosadguri `siymawvilis Tanamgzavri~. es iyo naxevarsaaTiani radioprograma, romelic yovelTviurad gadaicemoda 1977-1988 wlebSi da ganixilavda mozardebisaTvis yvelaze saintereso sakiTxebs (SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es iyo erTgvari Sualeduri gadacema sabavSvo `saqarTvelos pionersa~ da axalgazrdul `radiosadgur `siWabukes~ Soris). mozardi Taobis miswrafebebi da idealebi mWidrod ukavSirdeboda ufrosebis gamocdilebas, oficialurad aRiarebul Rirebulebebsa da warmodgenebs (amis tipuri gamoxatuleba iyo, magaliTad, radionarkvevebis cikli `komunistebisgan viRebT magaliTs~ — 1976). adamianis moqalaqeobriv daniSnulebas, pasuxismgeblobas qveynisa da xalxis winaSe eZRvneboda cikli `Seni adgili cxovrebaSi~ (1978), winaparTa revoluciuri, sabrZolo da SromiTi tradiciebis gagrZelebas asaxavda rubrika `TaobaTa gadaZaxili~ (1978-1981) da a.S. calke unda gamoiyos rubrika `yvelas safiqrali da sazrunavi~ (mogvianebiT — `mozardi — yvelas safiqrali da sazrunavi~), romelic sxvadasxva periodulobiT (zogjer yovelTviurad, zogjer or TveSi erTxel) gadaicemoda 1982-1984 wlebSi. es iyo mwerlisa da Jurnalistis d. grigolaSvilis saavtoro gadacemebis seriali, romelic eZRvneboda metad aqtualur problemas — mozardTa damnaSaveobas. ra ubiZgebs mozards danaSaulis Cadenisaken? ra unda gaakeTos sazogadoebam amis Tavidan asacileblad? rogor davicvaT mozardi Taoba damnaSaveTa samyaros gavlenisagan? es da bevri sxva sakiTxi dawvrilebiT iyo gaanalizebuli am gadacemaSi. Canda, 220 rom avtori kargad icnobda bavSvTa respublikuri Sroma-gasworebis koloniis cxovrebas da farTod iyenebda Tavis gadacemebSi dokumentur Canawerebs — mozardebis gulaxdil saubars, interviuebs, reportaJul kadrebs. rubrika TiTqmis 10 weli arsebobda da auditoriis aqtiur gamoxmaurebas iwvevda (amas amtkicebs Tundac radiomsmenelTa werilebi, romlebic xSirad gamoiyeneboda gadacemebis momzadebisas). amasTan erTad, sabavSvo mauwyebloba, ra Tqma unda, izolirebuli ver iqneboda qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebisagan da Taviseburad asaxavda maT. yvela politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu socialuri movlenis gaSuqeba gamoiyeneboda sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis, socialistur RirebulebaTa propagandisaTvis, mozardi Taobis komunisturi aRzrdisaTvis. ufrosebis xuTwledebisa da Svidwledebis msgavsad bavSvebisTvis arsebobda leninuri orwledi (1969) da `pioneruli xuTwledi~ (1983-1985). bavSvebisTvis gasagebi formiT mzaddeboda gadacemebi sxvadasxva saiubileo TariRebsa Tu politikur movlenebze. magaliTad, Svidwledis (romelmac xruSCovis droindel voluntarizmis periodSi erTxel tradiciuli xuTwledi Secvala) amocanebs acnobda bavSvebs gadacemebi — `mogzauroba SvidwledSi~ da `razmi — Svidwledis Tanamgzavri~ (1959), did samamulo omSi gamarjvebis 25 wlisTavs mieZRvna cikli `gmirul dReTa gamoZaxili~ (1970), xolo 40 wlisTavs — rubrika `diadi gamarjvebis 40 wlisTavisaTvis~ (1984-1985). sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis 24-e yrilobis damTavrebis Semdeg moswavleebisTvis specialurad momzadda gadacemebis cikli — `ufrosklaselebs — partiis XXIV yrilobis Sesaxeb~ (1971). farTod aRiniSna sabWoTa kavSiris Seqmnis 50 wlisTavi. mTeli 1972 wlis ganmavlobaSi eTerSi iyo rubrika `vrcelia Cemi qveyana~, romelic yovelTviurad mouTxrobda bavSvebs ssr kavSiris sxvadasxva respublikis Sesaxeb, sabWoTa kavSiris xalxebis internacionalur megobrobaze da a.S. 70-iani wlebidan dawyebuli mozardebs sistematurad acnobdnen morigi xuTwledis amocanebs, mis mimdinareobasa da Sedegebs. amas emsaxureboda rubrikebi: `moTxrobebi me-9 xuTwledze~ (1972-1973), `dro, xuTwledi, Sen~ (1975), `meaTe xuTwledis meridianebi~ (1976), `meridiani — me-11 xuTwledi~ (1981-1985). 221 roca me-10 xuTwledi xarisxis xuTwledad gamocxadda, moswavleebisTvisac momzadda ramdenime gadacema cikliT — `xarisxi da efeqtianoba~ (1975), xolo 1977 wels, sabWoTa kavSiris axali konstituciis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT — cikli `Seni, Cemi, Cveni konstitucia~. aseve, 1982-1983 wlebSi moswavleTaTvis yovelTviurad mzaddeboda gadacemebi saerTo rubrikiT — `georgievskis traqtatis 200 wlisTavisaTvis~, romelic bavSvebs mouTxrobda rusi da qarTveli xalxebis istoriul megobrobaze, socialisturi internacionalizmis gamarjvebaze da a.S. sabavSvo mauwyeblobis didi nawili eWira mxatvrul mauwyeblobas — literaturul, dramatul, musikalur gadacemebs. sabavSvo auditoriis aRzrdas upirvelesad mxatvruli saSualebebiT tradiciulad imdenad didi mniSvneloba eniWeboda, rom, rogorc wina TavebSi aRiniSna, 50-iani wlebis bolomde (sanam sabavSvo da axalgazrduli redaqciebi calke mTavar redaqciad gaerTiandeboda) sabavSvo gadacemebis redaqcia mxatvruli programebis redaqciis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. saqarTvelos radio, uwinares yovlisa, mwerlobis siyvaruls aswavlida bavSvebs, sistematurad acnobda mozardTa auditorias mSobliuri literaturisa Tu sazRvargareTuli sabavSvo klasikis saukeTeso nimuSebs. sxvadasxva asakobrivi jgufisTvis sxvadasxva forma iyo SerCeuli. patarebisTvis, ra Tqma unda, es iyo zRapari, romelsac mikrofonTan kiTxulobdnen saqarTvelos Teatrebis cnobili msaxiobebi (magaliTad, e. manjgalaZe da m. Caxava). 1957-1960 wlebSi zRaprebi usistemod iyo programaSi gafantuli, magram 1961 wlis maisidan rubrikiT — `yvelaze patarebisaTvis~ gamoCnda cikli `qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebi~, romelic kviraSi ramdenimejer gadaicemoda (bavSvebis dasaintereseblad zRaprebis saTaurebi erTi kviriT adrec ki cxaddeboda gazeTSi dabeWdil programaSi). 1962 wlis 1 noembridan ki Seiqmna rubrika `Zilispiruli~, romelic saukunis bolomde, yovel saRamos (kvira-orSabaTis gamoklebiT) gadaicemoda 21 saaTze, 10-15 wuTis moculobiT da patarebis did interess iwvevda. igi moicavda rogorc qarTul, ise msoflios sxvadasxva xalxebis zRaprebs, agreTve patarebisaTvis Sesafer literaturul na222 warmoebebs da uTuod did rols asrulebda sabavSvo auditoriis esTetikur aRzrdaSi, misi zneobrivi warmodgenebis CamoyalibebaSi. xalxur Semoqmedebas (ZiriTadad qarTul xalxur poezias) eZRvneboda agreTve ufrosklaselebisTvis gankuTvnili cikli `Cveni eris saunje~ (1969). magram saSualo da ufrosi klasis moswavleebisaTvis literaturis propagandis yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma iyo mxatvruli nawarmoebebis kiTxva. garda calkeuli ciklebisa, rogoricaa: `literaturuli gadacema moswavleTaTvis~ (1957-1962), `mwerali mikrofonTan~ (1958), `qarTveli mwerlebi — bavSvebs~ (1963), `axali wignebi~ (1987) da sxv., 1957-1984 wlebSi sistematurad iyo eTerSi rubrika `wignis Taro~ (15-20 wT.). am rubrikiT bavSvebi ecnobodnen qarTuli da ucxouri literaturis saukeTeso nawarmoebebs mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebis SesrulebiT. ra Tqma unda, bevri literaturuli nawarmoebi politikuri koniunqturis mixedviTac iyo SerCeuli da sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas emsaxureboda, magram sabavSvo redaqciis sasaxelod unda iTqvas, rom amasTan erTad igi mwerlobis klasikur nimuSebsac acnobda bavSvebs da unergavda WeSmariti literaturis siyvaruls. ase magaliTad, 19701976 wlebSi sistematurad gadaicemoda nawyvetebi m. prileJaevas wignidan `leninis cxovreba~ da paralelurad n. kecxovelis moTxrobebis ciklebi: `cxraTvala mzis qveS~ (1967-1976) da `mecxre mTac gadaviare~ (1975, 1980, 1983), romlebic saqarTvelos bunebasa da istorias acnobda bavSvebs da mamulis siyvaruls STaagonebda. sxvadasxva wlebSi Zalian gavrcelebuli forma iyo agreTve Tematurad gaerTianebuli literaturuli nawarmoebebis (ZiriTadad leqsebis) gadacema weliwadis droebis mixedviT: `gazafxulda, gazafxulda!~, `ardadegebi, ardadegebi!~ (zamTris Tu zafxulis), `gamarjoba, zafxulo!~, `naxvamdis, zafxulo!~, `zamTaria, zamTari!~ da a.S. sabavSvo mxatvruli mauwyebloba moicavda TviTon bavSvebis literaturul Semoqmedebasac. eTerSi arcTu iSviaTad ikiTxeboda norC literatorTa leqsebi, Canaxatebi, patara moTxrobebi. 1959-1969 wlebSi bavSvTa Semoqmedebas asaxavda specialuri radioJurnali `nakaduli~ (30 wT. — pirvel or 223 wels igi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda, Semdeg ki sxvadasxva periodulobiT). mogvianebiT es funqcia radiogazeTma `saqarTvelos pionerma~ da `radiosadgurma `siymawvilis Tanamgzavrma~ SeiTavses. gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo sabavSvo auditoriaSi dramatuli gadacemebi — rogorc Cans, `warmosaxvis Teatris~ esTetikuri SesaZlebloba yvelaze metad Seesabameboda bavSvebis fantaziis unarsa da warmodgenebis simdidres. amas xels uwyobda isic, rom Teatraluri translaciebis garda, saqarTvelos radioSi didi tradiciebi hqonda sabavSvo radioTeatrs. pirveli radiodadgmebi jer kidev 30-ian wlebSi pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi, magnituri Caweris damkvidrebis Semdeg ki sabavSvo redaqciis fondSi aTeulobiT radiospeqtakli dagrovda da perioduli gadacemebis garda xSirad radiodadgmebis festivalebic ewyoboda. wlebis manZilze axarebda patarebis sxvadasxva Taobas radiodadgmebi: `nacarqeqia~, `tyis komedia~, `xelmarjve ostati~, `babajanas qoSebi~, `aladinis jadosnuri lampari~, `buratinos Tavgadasavali~ da a.S. originaluri radiopiesebis naklebobas anazRaurebda qarTuli da ucxouri sabavSvo nawarmoebebis inscenirebebi: `mameluki~, `saTaflia~, `sfinqsebis qveyanaSi~, `biZia Tomas qoxi~, `robinzon kruzo~, `oliver tvisti~, `tom soieris Tavgadasavali~ da mravali sxva. cxadia, dramatuli formebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda komunisturi aRzrdis mizniTac, gansakuTrebiT mozardi TaobisaTvis `misabaZi gmirebis~ warmosaCenad. Tu ra idealebs sTavazobdnen bavSvebs, advili warmosadgenia TviTon radiodadgmebis saxelwodebaTa mixedviTac: `emeliane pugaCovi~, `iliCis Rimili~, `SCorsi~, `frunze~, `pavlik morozovi~, `pavle korCagini~, `misi saxeli aris zoia~, `uliana gromova~, `liubov Sevcova~ da a.S. (TiTqos qarTveli bavSvebisTvis naklebad mizanSewonili iqneboda `dimitri Tavdadebuli~, `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~, `Tevdore mRvdeli~, `arsena oZelaSvili~, `maia wyneTeli~ da sxva mravali gmirisa da mamuliSvilis gacnoba). sabavSvo dramatuli mauwyeblobis Taviseburebad unda CaiTvalos radiodadgmebis mniSvnelovani nawilis saganmanaTleblo xasiaTi. radiodadgmebis forma metad efeqturi 224 gamodga bavSvebisaTvis codnis misawodeblad mecnierebisa da teqnikis sxvadasxva sferoSi. magaliTad, rubrika `gvekiTxebian — vupasuxebT~, romelic 1957-1987 wlebSi sxvadasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda eTerSi, saganmanaTleblo daniSnulebis literaturul gadacemebsa da dadgmebs Seicavda, xolo rubrika `mogzauroba codnis samyaroSi~ (1964-1984) mTlianad radiodadgmebs emyareboda. radiodadgmebis serials warmoadgenda agreTve 1967-1971 wlebis cikli `gamoCenil adamianTa cxovreba~ (darvini, miCurini, sxvadasxva epoqis revolucionerebi da a.S.). zogjer am Temaze calke radiodadgmebic mzaddeboda, magaliTad, radiodadgma `kiuri~ (1974, 11. 03). sabavSvo mxatvruli mauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad mimarTulebas Seadgenda musikaluri gadacemebi. 1957-1970 wlebSi yovel oTxSabaTs, 1971 wlidan ki — yovel samSabaTs, eTerSi iyo moswavleTaTvis gankuTvnili 25-wuTiani koncerti (sxvadasxva wlebSi sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT: `koncerti norC radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~, `Tqveni TxovniT, megobrebo!~, `koncerti bavSvebis TxovniT~, `koncerti moswavleTa TxovniT~, `koncerti moswavleTaTvis~). masSi farTod iyo warmodgenili TviTon bavSvebis mxatvruli TviTmoqmedebac. sabavSvo ansamblebi Tu calkeuli musikos-Semsruleblebi xSirad gamodiodnen agreTve rubrikiT `koncerti moswavleTaTvis~, romelic periodulad gadaicemoda 1957-1984 wlebSi. klasikuri da Tanamedrove seriozuli musikis propagandas eTmoboda rubrika `musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis~, romelic 1964-1984 wlebSi yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda eTerSi 35-45 wuTis moculobiT. igi moicavda koncert-saubrebs, sabavSvo operebsa da sxva musikalur nawarmoebebs saTanado saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis komentarebiT. `musikis saaTis~ zogierTi rubrika zogjer calke ciklis saxiTac gadaicemoda (magaliTad, `musikaluri radioklubi~ 1969 wels). rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saganmanaTleblo daniSnuleba nawilobriv sabavSvo publicistur da mxatvrul mauwyeblobasac axasiaTebs (es sabavSvo mauwyeblobis specifikuri niSanTvisebaa didaqtikurobasTan erTad), magram gadacemebis erTi nawili uSualod am funqcias asrulebs. sabavSvo saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobis mizania, xeli Seuwyos mozardi Ta225 obis codniT dainteresebas, miawodos popularuli informacia mecnierebis, literaturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb, gaufarToos gonebrivi horizonti, gauRvivos damoukidebeli muSaobisaken miswrafeba da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, saganmanaTleblo Tematika sakmaod mravalferovania — 1957-1984 wlebSi igi or aTeulze met ciklsa da rubrikas moicavda. pirvel rigSi es iyo mecnierebisa da teqnikis saintereso faqtebi, informacia mecnierul siaxleebze, sxvadasxva profesiaze. periodulad mzaddeboda gadacemebi: `mogzauroba saocrebaTa biblioTekaSi~ (1958), `saocrebaTa samyaroSi~ (1964, 25. 07), `visaubroT profesiaze~ (1964, 15. 05), `Seni saxelmZRvanelos miRma~ (1976, 14. 05), `mSvenierebis samyaroSi~ (1989, 18. 05), ciklebi: `mecnierebis gzajvaredinze~ (1972), `mecnierebaTa laboratoriebSi~ (1976) da sxv. sistematurad mzaddeboda saganmanaTleblo literaturuli gadacemebi. 1970-1984 wlebSi eTerSi iyo rubrika `Seni bavSvobis Tanamgzavri~ (zogjer — `Seni bavSvobis megobari~), romelic mozardebs acnobda sabavSvo mwerlebsa da maT Semoqmedebas (weliwadSi 2-3 gadacema). literaturas eZRvneboda agreTve rubrika `mwerali, romelsac unda icnobdeT~ (1984). redaqcia iTvaliswinebda bavSvebis gansakuTrebul siyvaruls geografiisa da istoriisadmi, interess egzotikuri qveynebis, cnobili mogzaurebis, istoriuli gmirebis mimarT. 1957-1971 wlebSi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda mimoxilva `Jurnal `vokrug svetas~ furclebze~ (bavSvebs ukiTxavdnen qarTulad Targmnili Jurnalis yvelaze saintereso masalebs). sxvadasxva dros mzaddeboda ciklebi: `vimogzauroT msoflios sxvadasxva mxareSi (1961), `sabWoTa samSoblos matiane~ (1977), `moviaroT Cveni mxare~ (1983) da a.S. xSirad iyo gadacemebi gamoCenil adamianebze: magaliTad, `fritiof nansenis cxovreba~ (1961, 3. 08), `misi saxeli yvelam unda icodes~ (mweralsa da pedagog ianuS korCakze — 1973, 30. 11), `mxedari, romelic win mihqris~ (mweral arkadi gaidarze — 1973, 31. 01). ufrosklaselebisTvis mzaddeboda ciklebi: `revoluciis momRerlebi~ (1967) da `amagdari pedagogebi~ (1968). axalgazrduli mauwyebloba. saqarTvelos radioSi axal226 gazrduli mauwyebloba organizaciul struqturad — calke redaqciad — 1958 wels Camoyalibda sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi. redaqciis pirveli xelmZRvaneli — pasuxismgebeli redaqtori (1962 wlidan mas ufrosi redaqtori ewoda) iyo karlo gogsaZe. 1960 wels misi adgili daikava nodar beTaniSvilma, romelic manamde amave redaqciis redaqtori iyo. 1962 wels, roca axalgazrdobis redaqcia sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqciidan gamovida da sabavSvo redaqciasTan erTad damoukidebel mTavar redaqciad gaformda (ewoda axalgazrdobis, sabavSvo da sportul gadacemaTa mTavari redaqcia), nodar beTaniSvili mis pirvel mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna, xolo axalgazrdul gadacemaTa redaqciis ufrosi redaqtori gaxda giorgi maWavariani (igi 1961 wlidan am redaqciis redaqtori iyo). 1966 wels igi Secvala medea gegeSiZem, romelic 1962 wlidan muSaobda axalgazrdobis redaqciaSi (medea gegeSiZem TiTqmis ori aTeuli weli imuSava axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi da didi Rvawli dasdo mis ganviTarebas. 1974-1977 wlebSi igi iyo televiziisa da radios axalgazrduli gadacemebis gaerTianebuli mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtori, Semdeg ki 1980 wlis bolomde calke gamoyofil radios axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavar redaqcias xelmZRvanelobda. misi radios programebis mTavari direqciis mTavar direqtorad gadayvanis Semdeg mTavari redaqtorebi iyvnen: laura kutubiZe, paata nacvliSvili, maia gvritiSvili). 1974 wlidan medea gegeSiZe ufrosi redaqtoris postze Secvala zina diakoniZem, Semdeg ufrosi redaqtorebi iyvnen: ilia kevliSvili, nino JRenti, amiran sinauriZe, mzia baqraZe. sxvadasxva dros am redaqciaSi bevri profesionali Camoyalibda: anzor juReli, Tamaz gabelia, gulnara arobeliZe, anzor gelaSvili, nato robaqiZe, zaal tabaRua, Tamar oqruaSvili, ilia mxeiZe, qeTevan maRraZe, qeTevan onikaSvili, nino kvaracxelia da sxv. Tavidan mauwyeblobis sistema ramdenadme dauxvewavi iyo da pirveli gadacemebi Tu ciklebi gamokveTili mizanmimarTulebiT ar gamoirCeoda: `axalgazrda (?) komkavSirelis moralis ZiriTadi principebi~ (1960, 21.04), `axalgazrdobis sakavSiro radiodRe~ (1960, 26.06), `gadacema axalgazrdobisaT227 vis~ (1960-1962), `stumrad Cvens studiaSi~ (1960), `samamulo omis eqo~ (1965) da a.S. garda amisa, 1967 wlamde axalgazrdobis redaqcia amzadebda reportaJebs sxvadasxva sportuli Sejibrebidan, 1958 wlidan yovelkvireul naxevarsaaTian sportul radioJurnals `yuradReba, startze!~ (romelsac 1961 wlidan radioJurnali `fizkultura da sporti~ ewoda) da, aseve, 1958 wlidan naxevarsaaTian yovelkvireul radioJurnals `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ rusul enaze (1967 wlidan orive maTgani calke redaqciebad Camoyalibda). TandaTan gamoikveTa, rom axalgazrduli mauwyebloba — es aris mauwyebloba axalgazrduli auditoriisaTvis, axalgazrdobis cxovrebisa da problemebis asaxva da misi mTavari amocanaa axalgazrdobis komunisturi aRzrda. amisda mixedviT Camoyalibda Sesabamisi ciklebi da rubrikebi, gamoiyo samauwyeblo dReebi da saaTebi: samSabaTi, oTxSabaTi (mogvianebiT xuTSabaTi) da SabaTi. samSabaTobiT 1958 wlidan eTerSi iyo 30-40-wuTiani `radioJurnali axalgazrdobisaTvis~ (1962 wlidan mas radiogazeTi ewoda, rogorc Cans, operatiulobisa da aqtualobis xazgasmisaTvis), 1977 wlidan ki mis bazaze Seiqmna `radiosadguri `siWabuke~ (savaraudoa, sakavSiro radios `radiostancia `iunostis~ mibaZviT), 45 wuTis moculobiT. oTxSabaTobiT, 1958-1959 wlebSi 15 wuTi ekava rubrikas `maT saxelebs unda icnobdeT~, romelsac 1961-1975 wlebSi `mogiTxrobT Tqvens Tanatolebze~ ewoda (zogjer mas sxva ciklic enacvleboda, magaliTad, `Cveni saxelovani Taoba~ (1971), `gaicaniT!~ (1978) da sxv. gadacemebis umravlesobas axalgazrdobaze dawerili narkvevebi Seadgenda. 1972 wels am rubrikas erTxans `radiosadguri `horizontic~ erqva. SabaTobiT 1960-1982 wlebSi 15-30 wuTi gamoyofili hqonda rubrikas — `gadacema axalgazrdobisaTvis~, romelic aTamde sxvadasxva cikls aerTianebda. 1983 wels oTxSabaTis gadacema gauqmda da misi adgili daikava rubrikam `axalgazrduli studia~, romelic xuTSabaTobiT gadaicemoda. 1984 wels mas daemata kidev erTi rubrika — `studenturi orbita~, romelic gadaicemoda paraskeobiT, dilis saaTebSi, 30 wuTis moculobiT. ZiriTadi sqema aseTi iyo: axalgazrduli programa `radiosadguri `siWabuke~ operatiulad exmaureboda axalgazrdo228 bis cxovrebis sxvadasxva problemas, mimdinare politikur movlenebs, mikrofons uTmobda axalgazrda specialistebs Tu komkavSirel aqtivistebs, moicavda publicistur gamosvlebs, reportaJebs, interviuebs da a.S. mas diqtorebTan erTad xSirad Jurnalistebic uZRvebodnen; `mogiTxrobT Tqvens Tanatolebze~ auditorias acnobda axalgazrda Taobis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebs. aq wamyvani Janrebi iyo narkvevi da Canaxati, zogjer — interviu an korespondencia; `studenturi orbita~ specializebuli programa iyo da, cxadia, studentur cxovrebas asaxavda; rubrikebi: `axalgazrduli studia~ da `gadacema axalgazrdobisaTvis~, Tavis mxriv, mraval sxva ciklsa da rubrikas Seicavda (maT Cven qvemoT ganvixilavT). Tumca cxovrebis dinamikis gamo am rubrikebs sxvadasxva dros xSirad emateboda operatiuli gadacemebi da ciklebi. rogorc am Tavis dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, axalgazrduli mauwyebloba (sabavSvos msgavsad) publicisturTan erTad moicavs mxatvrul da saganmanaTleblo gadacemebsac. magram maTi wili Zalian mcirea, radgan axalgazrdul auditorias am tipis nebismier gadacemaze miuwvdeba xeli (specialurad misTvis momzadeba saWiro araa). ase rom, socialur-aRmzrdelobiT funqcias aq ZiriTadad publicistika asrulebs. radgan axalgazrda pirovnebis aRzrda upirvelesad mis moqalaqed Camoyalibebas gulisxmobs, axalgazrdobis redaqcia yovelTvis gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevda axalgazrda TaobaSi im Tvisebebis formirebas, rac sabWoTa moqalaqisaTvis unda yofiliyo damaxasiaTebeli: marqsistul-leninuri msoflmxedveloba da komunisturi Segnebuloba, sabWoTa samSoblos siyvaruli — patriotizmi da internacionalizmi, koleqtivizmi, sazogadoebrivi aqtiuroba da a.S. amave dros, rogorc mravaljer aRvniSneT, oficialur propagandasTan erTad, saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobis specifikuri niSanTviseba iyo mZlavri erovnul-patriotuli nakadis arseboba, qarTuli kulturis, qarTuli cnobierebis dacva-ganviTarebisaTvis zrunva. amis dasturad bevri axalgazrduli programac gamodgeboda, pirvel rigSi ki radiomsmenelebisaTvis kargad cnobili cikli — `sasiqadulo mamuliSvilebi~. 229 sainteresoa TviTon ciklis warmoSobis istoriac: 1968 wels sazeimod unda aRniSnuliyo Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis 50 wlisTavi. am TariRisaTvis mzadeba axalgazrdobis redaqciam adridanve daiwyo da 1966 wlis 9 dekembers eTerSi gavida cikli `sasiqadulo mamuliSvilebi~ (30 wT.), romelic universitetis damaarseblebsa da sxva TvalsaCino mecnierebs eZRvneboda. msgavsi cikli — `Cveni mecnierebisa da kulturis gamoCenili moRvaweebi~ — adrec (1963-1968) arsebobda saqarTvelos radioSi, magram axali gadacema misgan principulad gansxvavdeboda Tavisi mizanmimarTulebiT. misTvis mTavari iyo pirovnebis ara imdenad mecnieruli Tu politikuri damsaxureba, ramdenadac mamulisadmi samsaxuri, patriotizmi, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadeba, rac magaliTad unda gamosdgomoda momaval Taobebs. amitom iyo SerCeuli swored Tbilisis universitetis — qarTuli kulturisa da erovnuli TviTSegnebis yvelaze mZlavri centris iubile, amitom gaixsna cikli ivane javaxiSvilisadmi miZRvnili gadacemiT. mas Semdeg mohyva iseTi saxelebi, rogoricaa: a. razmaZe, g. axvlediani, a. SaniZe, S. nucubiZe, v. kotetiSvili, l. andronikaSvili, a. javaxiSvili, a. janeliZe da mravali sxva. bevri maTgani maSin jer kidev cocxali iyo da redaqciis didi damsaxurebaa, rom maTi xmebi samudamod SemorCa saqarTvelos radios audiofonds da qarTuli kulturisa da mecnierebis istoriis kuTvnilebad iqca. isic savsebiT bunebrivi iyo, rom universitetis saiubileo dReebis damTavrebis Semdeg cikli ar Semwydara da arseboba ganagrZo (kidev 10 weli, 1978 wlis bolomde iyo eTerSi). igi arc mxolod universitetis mecnierebiT Semofarglula da sxva bevri qarTuli mamuliSvilic gaacno radiomsmenelebs. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom narkvevebis personaJTa galerea metismetad mravalferovani aRmoCnda (amas Tavad rubrikis saxelwodebac ganapirobebda). magaliTad, 1980 wels moewyo gadacemebi mefe ereklezec (22.03), saqarTvelos komkavSiris damaarsebel boris ZnelaZezec (17.05) da general konstantine leseliZezec (15.10). mamulisadmi samsaxuris, qveynis winaSe pasuxismgeblobis ideas uwevda propagandas axalgazrduli cikli `samSoblo gana marto lamazi mTebia?~, romelic 1970-1984 wlebSi sxva230 dasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda (15 wT.). mikrofonTan gamodiodnen mwerlebi, mecnierebi, politikis, ekonomikis, kulturis, xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenlebi, romlebic axalgazrdebs esaubrebodnen, Tu ras moicavs samSoblos cneba, ras niSnavs samSoblos siyvaruli da riT gamoixateba igi. rogor unda icxovros namdvilma patriotma da a.S. samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom es iyo ara `Wkuis darigeba~, aramed gulwrfeli saubari auditoriasTan, xmamaRla fiqrebi cxovrebis azrisa da adamianis valdebulebaze (amas gvarwmunebs rogorc fondSi daculi gamosvlaTa Canawerebi, ise calkeul gadacemaTa teqstebi). drodadro axalgazrdobis zneobriv aRzrdaze calkeuli gadacemebic gamoCndeboda xolme (magaliTad, akad. n. kecxovelis gamosvla `fiqrebi Cvens axalgazrdobaze~ — 1974, 15.01), magram ZiriTadad axalgazrduli mauwyebloba ciklebisa da rubrikebis sistemaze iyo agebuli da es Temac seriozulad muSavdeboda. samSoblos siyvarulis konkretul gamoxatulebas, zneobriv pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari soflis, qalaqis, raionis winaSe, axalgazrdobis cxovrebas regionebSi eZRvneboda ciklebi: `sadac vSobilvar, gavzrdilvar~ (1974-1975) (mas garkveulwilad ukavSirdeboda agreTve meore ciklic — `axalgazrdoba soflis siamayea!~ — 1975, 1978) da `gvesmas mSoblisa~ (1976, 1977). orive cikli TiTqos soflidan axalgazrdobis intensiuri migraciis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli, magram sakmaod zedapirulad. ZiriTadi mizezi — soflad axalgazrdobis dausaqmebloba da kolmeurneobaSi savaldebulo Sroma dabali anazRaurebis pirobebSi — praqtikulad gadauwyveteli iyo da marto patriotuli mowodebebi verafers Secvlida. aseve mowodebis doneze rCeboda gadacemebi, romlebic sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas, axalgazrdobis komunistur principebze aRzrdas eTmoboda (magaliTad, gadacema `Cveni cxovrebis wesi~ — 1977, 16. 03, cikli `rogor ibadeba gmiroba~ — 1977-1979, radioalmanaxi `erTguleba~ — 1972-1974 da sxv.). 1973 wlidan, roca respublikaSi aqtiuri brZola gaCaRda `socialisturi kanonierebis aRdgenisaTvis~, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca axalgazrdobis damnaSaveobis 231 problemasac — aSkarad daiwyo saubari iseT Temebze, romlebic adre naklebad figurirebda radiomauwyeblobaSi (banditizmi, narkomania, prostitucia da a.S.). Seiqmna axali ciklebi: `axalgazrdoba da kanoni~ (1973-1975), romelic samarTlebriv propagandasTan erTad axalgazrdobis damnaSaveobis problemebsac ganixilavda da `sad davuSviT Secdoma?~ (romelic am sferoSi skolis, komkavSiris, sxva sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxs ayenebda — 1979-1982). axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis meore ZiriTadi mimarTuleba iyo axalgazrdobis profesiuli orientacia da Sromisadmi komunisturi damokidebulebis aRzrda. profesiuli orientaciis sakiTxi, rogorc wesi, sezonurad wamoiWreboda xolme. zafxulis TveebSi axalskoladamTavrebulTaTvis tradiciulad gamoCndeboda cikli `didi gzis dasawyisi~. ufro sistematuri xasiaTi hqonda rubrikas `roca axalgazrda gzas irCevs~, romelic 1970-1984 wlebSi sxvadasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda eTerSi. axalgazrdis swor gzaze dayeneba, misi profesionalad Camoyalibeba nebismieri sazogadoebis sazrunavia, magram sabWoTa propaganda am sferoSi metad calmxrivi da xelovnuri iyo. mTeli muSaoba warimarTeboda muSuri profesiebis warmosaCenad — axalgazrdebs totalurad mouwodebdnen profteqnikur saswavleblebSi Sesasvlelad. arc erTi gadacema ar exeboda eqimis, iuristis, ekonomistis, inJinris, agronomis da a.S. profesias (rogorc Cans, iTvleboda, rom amas propaganda ar sWirdeboda). amgvar propagandas arc SeiZleboda raime efeqti hqonoda (yovel SemTxvevaSi Cvens respublikaSi mainc), radgan igi axalgazrdobis interesebsa da moTxovnilebebs ar Seesabameboda. aseve, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda axalgazrda muSebis cxovrebas, maTi saqmisadmi Tavdadebis Cvenebas, komunisturi damkvrelebisa da komunisturi Sromis brigadebis saqmianobas: `Cemi qarxana — Cemi siamayea~ (1971), `Cemi sawarmo — Cemi ojaxi~ (1974), `komkavSiruli orwledi moqmedebs~ (1975), `Cemi xuTwledi~ (1976) da a.S. iqmneboda narkvevebis seriebi mowinave muSebze, `muSaTa dinastiebze~, muSuri cxovrebis romantikaze da a.S. yovel zafxuls axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis didi nawili eTmoboda studenturi SromiTi razmebis 232 saqmianobas. eTerSi sistematurad iyo ciklebi: `studenturi zafxulis misamarTebi~ (1974, 1975, 1979), `mesame SromiTi semestri~ (1975-1981), `mesame SromiTi semestris misamarTebi~ (1982-1984). studenturi zafxulis Tema arc amiT amoiwureboda — rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, SromiTi razmebis monawileTaTvis yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda musikaluri da literaturuli programebi, speqtaklebi da sxv. SedarebiT naklebi, magram garkveuli adgili eWira saqarTvelos radios axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi qal-vaJis urTierTobis, siyvarulis, ojaxis Temas. qaliSvilebisa da Wabukebis momzadebas momavali ojaxis Sesaqmnelad, pirovnuli pasuxismgeblobis gamomuSavebas meuRleTa damokidebulebaSi, axalgazrda mSoblebis movaleobas da a.S. eZRvneboda ciklebi: `axalgazrda ojaxis klubi~ (`adgilis deda~) (1980-1981), `ojaxi da siyvaruli~ (1983-1985). mikrofonTan gamodiodnen sociologebi, fsiqologebi, pedagogebi, eqimebi, TviTon axalgazrda ojaxebis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic saubrobdnen ojaxuri urTierTobis sxvadasxva problemaze, ojaxuri cxovrebis organizaciul, finansur Tu zneobriv sakiTxebze. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda Svilebis aRzrdis problemas (cikli `samSoblo — kargi Svilia~ — 1980), mravalSviliani ojaxebis propagandas (ciklebi: `Cveni imedi da momavali~ — 1980-1984 da `mravali Svili eris Zlierebaa~ — 1984) da sxv. ra Tqma unda, yovelive amasTan erTad, axalgazrdobis redaqcia politikur koniunqturasac uwevda angariSs da farTod uTmobda eTers komkavSiruli cxovrebis gaSuqebas, komunisturi idealebisadmi sabWoTa axalgazrdobis erTgulebis Cvenebas. yovelwliurad didi paTosiT aRiniSneboda sabWoTa axalgazrdobis dRe (26 ivnisi) da komkavSiris dabadebis dRe (29 oqtomberi). 1971-1984 wlebSi yoveli leninuri SabaTobisas (aprilis TveSi, leninis dabadebis dResTan dakavSirebiT) ewyoboda reportaJebi sxvadasxva obieqtebidan da iqmneboda `leninuri SabaTobis matiane~, romelic fondSi inaxeboda `momavali TaobebisaTvis~, imarTeboda axalgazrduli programebis radiofestivalebi, mzaddeboda radioleqtoriumebi (magaliTad, cikli `Cveni radioleqtoriumi — leninuri gakveTilebi axalgazrdobas~ — 1969). gansakuTrebuli zar-zei233 miT aRiniSneboda komkavSiris saiubileo TariRebi, iqmneboda specialuri ciklebi da rubrikebi: `komkavSiris saxelovani matiane~ da `komkavSiris gmiruli matianis furclebi~ (1967). `qronikebi komkavSiris istoriidan~ (1968), `ase daiwyo~ (1978). saqarTvelos komkavSiris 50 wlisTavs mieZRvna cikli `saxelovani gza~ (1971), xolo 60 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT 1980 wlis 22 maiss 12 saaTze gaimarTa `radiomitingi~ (30-iani wlebis forma), romelic 50 wuTs gagrZelda eTerSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebis monawileobiT. aseve, specialuri ciklebi mzaddeboda sakavSiro alkk Tu saqarTvelos komkavSiris yrilobebis Sesaxvedrad da mimdinareobis gasaSuqeblad (magaliTad, `vupatakebT yrilobas~, `yrilobis dRiuri~, `laparakoben yrilobis delegatebi~ — 1974, `saqarTvelos komkavSiris 32-e yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~ — 1982 da a.S.). axalgazrduli mauwyebloba yovelTvis gamoirCeoda sxvebisagan auditoriasTan kontaqtis aqtiuri formebis gamoyenebiT. yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeboda radiomsmenelis arc erTi saintereso werili, arc erTi gamoxmaureba. xSirad werili gadacemis Temis, publicisturi ideis safuZveli xdeboda. ase Camoyalibda rubrikebi: `redaqciaSi werili movida~ (1976, 1981, 1982, 1984), `roca redaqciaSi werili modis~ (1977-1979), `misamarTi gvikarnaxa Tqvenma werilebma~ (1979-1980), romlebic radiomsmenelTa fostas emyareboda da Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis Tu gamokvlevis forma hqonda. am gadacemebSi wamoWrili problemebi zogjer iseT sazogadoebriv rezonanss iRebda, rom axali ciklebisa da rubrikebis warmoSobasac ganapirobebda. magaliTad, radiomsmenelebis intensiuri monawileobiT Seiqmna cikli `saubars ganagrZobs radiomsmeneli~ (1978-1981) da `ase fiqroben radiomsmenelebi~ (1982). radiomsmenelTa werilebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda axalgazrduli mxatvruli programebis mosamzadebladac. amis saukeTeso magaliTia Jurnalist i. kevliSvilis saavtoro gadacema `saRamo mSvidobisa~ — musikaluri programa axalgazrdobisaTvis. igi 18 wlis manZilze (1972-1989) yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda eTerSi 22 saaTze, naxevari saaTis moculobiT da, miuxedavad imisa, rom yvelaze popularul satelevizio sainformacio programa `vremias~ emTxveoda, mainc moipova 234 Tavisi mudmivi auditoria (rasac radiomsmenelTa mdidari fostac adasturebda — saqarTvelos radioSi arc erT programas ar mosdioda amdeni werili). gadacema, erTi SexedviT, martivi formisa iyo — erTmaneTs enacvleboda musikaluri nomrebi da radiomsmenelTa werilebi. magram es iyo ara koncerti dakveTiT, romelsac tradiciulad amzadebda musikaluri redaqcia radiomsmenelTa werilebis mixedviT, aramed musikasTan erTad wamyvanis gulaxdili saubari werilebis avtorebTan, maTi azrebisa da Sexedulebebis warmoCena, zogjer koreqtuli polemikac da a.S. aseTive efeqti hqonda i. kevliSvilis meore programas `studenturi diskoTeka~, romelic 1982 wlidan yovel kviradRes, aseve 22 saaTze gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis moculobiT da imave formisa iyo, rogorc `saRamo mSvidobisa~ (wamyvani, radiomsmenelTa werilebi, musikaluri nomrebi). faqtobrivad, am gadacemebSi Jurnalistma pirvelad SeiTavsa dijeis funqciebi, rac saqarTvelos radioSi gamokveTilad mxolod 90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan damkvidrda da, rogorc Cans, axalgazrduli auditoria swored aseT programebs eloda. dasamali araa, rom, miuxedavad profesiuli xarisxisa, imdroindeli mauwyebloba naklebad iTvaliswinebda araoficialuri axalgazrduli subkulturis ganviTarebis tendenciebs da mas miznobrivi auditoriis Zalian mcire nawili Tu usmenda. axalgazrda msmenels ainteresebda moduri musika, surda pirdapiri da Tavisufali kontaqti studiaSi myof komunikatorTan, rac im periodSi `rekomendebuli ar iyo~. zemoT aRniSnuli gadacemebi ki, miuxedavad imisa, rom Canawerebis saxiT gadioda eTerSi, nawilobriv mainc akmayofilebda am moTxovnilebebs. axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi auditoriasTan kontaqtis gavrcelebuli forma iyo agreTve sxvadasxva Sexvedrebis organizacia, romelic aseve xels uwyobda radiomsmenelebis komunikaciur aqtivizacias. es forma intensiurad gamoiyeneboda mxatvruli programebis momzadebisaTvis. 1975 wels ramdenimejer gamoCnda cikli `Sexvedrebi axalgazrdul talRaze~. 1976 wels ki Seiqmna rubrika `Sexvedrebi Tqveni TxovniT~. rogorc gazeTi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ iuwyeboda, 235 `saqarTvelos radios axalgazrduli gadacemebis redaqciaSi werili movida. Tbilisis eleqtrovagonSemkeTebeli qarxnis brigadis xelmZRvaneli n. mRebriSvili Tavisi brigadis saxeliT redaqcias sTxovda moewyo Sexvedra g. tabiZis premiis laureat m. focxiSvilTan... redaqciam mowinave brigadis meTauris baraTi m. focxiSvils gaacno. poeti siamovnebiT daeTanxma. 15 dekembers, 21 saaTsa da 15 wuTze gTavazobT gadacemas `Sexvedrebi Tqveni TxovniT~.1 rogorc vxedavT, redaqciam am faqts garkveuli politikuri mniSvneloba mianiWa — axalgazrda muSebi poets Seaxvedra, aCvena, rom xelovnebis siyvaruli arc muSaTa klasis warmomadgenlebisTvis aris ucxo (gazeTis reklamac amisTvis iyo saWiro). arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom TviTon werilis organizaciac redaqciaSi moxda. magram amgvari Sexvedrebis forma imdenad efeqturi aRmoCnda, rom gadacema rubrikad iqca da 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaicemoda eTerSi. es iyo mxatvrulpublicisturi programa, sadac literaturis, musikaluri da Teatraluri xelovnebis warmomadgenlebi ara marto Tavis xelovnebas acnobdnen axalgazrdul auditorias, aramed esaubrebodnen kidec maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, pasuxobdnen SekiTxvebs da a.S. daaxloebiT am formisa iyo agreTve cikli `Sexvedrebi axalgazrda SemoqmedebTan~, romelic 19811984 wlebSi gadaicemoda `axalgazrduli studiis~ rubrikiT. dasasruls aRvniSnavT, rom saqarTvelos radios 19571984 wlebis mauwyeblobis ganxilva sruli ar iqneba, Tu mokled mainc ar iTqva am periodSi radioJanrebisa da formebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. pirvel rigSi SesamCnevia, rom radios erT-erT ZiriTad Janrad kvlav rCeba mikrofonTan gamosvla (1960-1963 wlebSi yovelkvireuli rubrikac ki arsebobda — `dRes Cvens mikrofonTan~, romelic respublikis cnobil adamianebs eTmoboda). saqarTvelos radio `saxalxo tribunad~ Tvlida Tavs da es mravali rubrikis saxelwodebaSic aRiniSneboda, magaliTad: `racionalizatorTa da gamomgonebelTa tribuna~ (1960-1961), `mowinave gamocdilebis tribuna~ (1963-1975), `novatoris tri1 gaz. `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, 1976, 10.XII, # 50. 236 buna~ (1968-1976), `partiuli muSakis tribuna~ (1962-1974), `winasayrilobo tribuna~ (1985), `partiuli konferenciis tribuna~ (1988) da `kompozitorTa tribunac~ ki (1961 wels 7 gadacema). Tavisi translaciuri bunebisa da, aqedan gamomdinare, improvizaciulobis gamo radio metad organuli garemo aRmoCnda zepiri dialoguri JanrebisaTvis — interviusa da saubrisaTvis. interviu mtkiced damkvidrda yvela radiogazeTsa da JurnalSi, Tumca damoukidebeli saxiT farTo gavrceleba ver pova. calke gadacemebad ufro gamoikveTa saubris Janri — dialogi, rogorc or pirovnebas Soris, ise mrgvali magidis garSemo. sagazeTo gamocdilebasTan erTad radios translaciuri praqtika daedo safuZvlad erT-erTi aqtualuri publicisturi Janris — radioreportaJis damkvidrebas, reportaJuli Jurnalistikis intensiur ganviTarebas. amasTan, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom sxvadasxva programebsa Tu kombinirebul gadacemebSi ZiriTadad e.w. montaJuri, anu winaswar Cawerili da damontaJebuli reportaJebi gamoiyeneboda, pirdapiri reportaJebi sazogadoebriv-politikur movlenebze TiTqmis ar ewyoboda (misi ganviTareba ukavSirdeba 80-iani wlebidan `pikis saaTisa~ da `dilis talRis~ warmoSobas, romlebmac saTave daudes informaciul programebSi pirdapiri CarTvebis praqtikas). samagierod klasikur formad Camoyalibda pirdapiri sportuli reportaJi, gansakuTrebiT fexburTis matCebisa, romlebsac popularuli sportuli komentatorebi erosi manjgalaZe da kote maxaraZe uZRvebodnen. saojaxo reproduqtorebic rom ar CavTvaloT, erosi manjgalaZis pirdapiri radioreportaJebi uamrav xalxs uyrida Tavs qalaqis quCebsa da parkebSi ganlagebul xmamaRlamolaparakeebTan. misi omaxiani xma, temperamentuli Txroba, emociebis foierverki TiTqmis xelovnebis nawarmoebad aqcevda yovel reportaJs. samwuxarod, 1975 wlis oqtombris Semdeg, roca 50 wlis Sesrulda, erosi manjgalaZem Tavi daaneba radiokomentatorobas da mTeli darCenili cxovreba mxolod Teatralur moRvaweobas miuZRvna. metad sayuradReboa saqarTvelos radioSi (da, rogorc Cans, saerTod, sabWoTa radiomauwyeblobaSi) sapirvelmaiso 237 da saSvidnoembro demonstraciebis reportaJebis praqtika. saqme isaa, rom am reportaJebis teqstebi, Janris kanonebis sawinaaRmdegod, windawin iwereboda, guldasmiT mowmdeboda da Semdeg pirdapir eTerSi ikiTxeboda demonstraciis mimdinareobis dros. daswrebisa da pirdapiri mauwyeblobis efeqts qmnida sazeimo kolonebisa da damswre xalxis xmauri, taSi, SeZaxilebi, musika da sxv. teqstebs, rogorc wesi, sazeimo xmiT kiTxulobdnen radios wamyvani diqtorebi, masSi asaxuli iyo demonstraciaSi monawile ama Tu im raionis warmatebebi gegmebis SesrulebaSi, CarTuli iyo aseve winaswar momzadebuli dokumenturi Canawerebi (mowinave mSromelebis, inteligenciis warmomadgenelTa gamosvlebi da interviuebi), agreTve leqsebi samSobloze, partiaze, mSvidobaze da a.S. amrigad, winaswar dadgmuli `dokumenturi speqtakli~ pirdapir radioreportaJad da sinamdvilis uSualo asaxvad saRdeboda. xmis Cawerisa da montaJis danergvam, drois transformaciis SesaZleblobam ganapiroba radiomauwyeblobaSi sinTezuri xasiaTis Janrebisa da formebis, kerZod, radiokorespondenciis, radionarkvevisa da radiokompoziciis warmoSoba da ganviTareba. korespondencia da narkvevi Tavidanve gadaicemoda radioeTerSi, magram mxolod teqstualuri saxiT. radiospecifikis erTaderT gamovlinebad SeiZleboda mxolod is CagveTvala, rom xdeboda maTi personifikacia — mikrofonTan am teqstebs Tavad avtorebi kiTxulobdnen. es forma 6080-ian wlebSi sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTvelos radioSi `korespondentis naambobisa~ da `Jurnalistis naambobis~ saxiT (rubrikiT `mwerali da cxovreba~ mikrofonTan Tavis narkvevebs kiTxulobdnen agreTve mwerlebic). magram aseT narkvevebs sul ufro xSirad cvlida radionarkvevi, romelic iyenebda radios yvela gamosaxviT saSualebas da, avtoris teqstis garda, Seicavda personaJebis saubaris Canawerebs, sicils, xmaurs, musikas, simReras, sayofacxovrebo xasiaTis bgeriT dokumentebs da a.S. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1957-1984 wlebSi narkvevi erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli Janria saqarTvelos radioSi. gansakuTrebiT bevria portretuli narkvevi, romelic aqtiurad eweva sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas epoqisaTvis dama238 xasiaTebeli tipuri gmirebis — e.w. `misabaZi gmirebis~ CvenebiT (SemTxveviT araa, rom erT-erT rubrikas, romelic 19631965 wlebSi TiTqmis yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi, aseTi saxelwodeba hqonda — `adamianebi, romelTa magaliTi misabaZia~). pirvel rigSi eseni arian e.w. mowinave mSromelebi, romlebsac eTmoba rubrikebi: `komunizmis mSeneblebi~ (19601961), `komunizmis Suqurebi~ (1961), `mowinave gamocdilebis Suqurebi~ (1961-1962), `Cveni drois gmirebi~ (1960-1965), `Cveni dReebis gmirebi~ (1961-1963), `Svidwledis gmirebi~ (1964-1965), `xuTwledis gmirebi~ (1966), `muSa Semqmneli da ganmgebeli~ (1982-1984), `SejibrebaSi gamarjvebulni~ (1978-1987) da a.S. umravles SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebuli rubrikebiT momzadebuli narkvevebi paTetikuri, lozunguri xasiaTisaa da gmiris saxe plakatiTaa Secvlili. amas advilad mixvdebiT narkvevis saTauriTac ki: `mwvane megobris mesaidumle~ (1960, 30.01), `mwvane oqros dedobili~ (1961, 10.05), `damkvreluri Sromis ferxulSi~ (1972, 14.01), `orsantieli mesimindeebi iwyeben laSqrobas~ (1975, 03.04) da a.S. portretuli narkvevebis namdvili bumi daiwyo 1979 wlis meore naxevridan, roca Seiqmna saerTo tele- da radiorubrika `Cveni laSqari~ (es fraza saq. kompartiis pirvel mdivans ekuTvnoda). Svidi wlis manZilze am rubrikiT yovelkvireulad ramdenime narkvevi gadaicemoda (sxvadasxva socialuri jgufisa Tu profesiis warmomadgenlebze). calke unda gamoiyos narkvevebi Zvel revolucionerebze, cnobil partiul da saxelmwifo moRvaweebze, romlebic aseve sabWoTa cxovrebis wesis propagandas emsaxureboda: `SesaniSnav adamianTa cxovreba~ (1964), `leninuri gvardiis jariskacebi~ (1967-1981), `isini Cveni bednierebisaTvis ibrZodnen~ (1967-1980), `saqarTvelos kompartiis gamoCenili moRvaweebi~ (1970) (s. orjonikiZe, f. maxaraZe, s. wulukiZe, m. cxakaia, z. CodriSvili da sxv.) da a.S. naklebi ganviTareba pova saqarTvelos radioSi e.w. problemurma narkvevma. ufro zustad Tu vityviT, 1960-1990 wlebSi radionarkvevis saxelwodebiT uamravi problemuri gadacema momzadda, magram teqstebis SerCeviTi gacnobac gvarwmunebs, rom maTi udidesi umravlesoba statiis an korespon239 denciis Janrs ufro ganekuTvneba — mTlianad moklebulia mxatvrul elementebs. ra mxatvrulobaze SeiZleba laparaki, roca narkvevs hqvia: `mZimewonosani memanqaneebi ajameben Sejibrebis Sedegebs~ (1961, 14.08), `modiT, nu SevalamazebT faqtebs~ (1962, 13.03), `novatoris mijna gadavaqcioT mTeli koleqtivis mijnad~ (1963, 10.09), `yrilobidan yrilobamde~ (1975, 10.01), `problemebi, romlebic gadaWras moiTxovs~ (1983, 22.11) da a.S. zogjer radionarkvevebi gadaicemoda radionovelis anda radiomoTxrobis saxelwodebiT, Tumca maTi struqturebi arafriT gansxvavdeboda narkvevisagan. magaliTad, radionovelebi — `zRvis qari~ (radios dResTan dakavSirebiT 1961, 7.05) da `roca Rameebi qrebian~ (1963, 26.01); radiomoTxrobebi: `Suqi sofelSi~ (1967, 20.04), `maradiuli yinvarebis samefoSi~ (igi asaxavda myinvarwveris kalTaze mdebare meteosadguris muSakTa cxovrebas, 1966, 29. 08), `foladTan nawrTobi~ (metalurg o. lomiZeze, 1975, 10.01); dokumenturi radiomoTxrobebi: `platon SuSania~ (1967, 14.01), `suliT Zlieri~ (Zvel revolucioner s. qavTaraZeze, 1968, 18.02), `igi icavda leningrads~ (general g. jinWaraZeze, 1969, 27.01) da sxv. es araa gasakviri, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom 70-ian wlebamde radioJanrebis TeoriaSi sakmaod didi gaugebroba iyo da praqtikosebi meqanikurad cdilobdnen yvela publicisturi Tu mxatvruli Janris `garadioebas~. aseve, 60-iani wlebis bolodan 80-iani wlebis Sua ricxvebamde gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radioSi e.w. radiofilmebi, romlebic an radiokompoziciebi iyo, anda umravles SemTxvevaSi radionarkvevebi: magaliTad, `Sen metalurgi xar~ (1976, 22.12), `qalaqi, wlebi, adamianebi~ (WiaTuraze, 1979, 12.08), `seinerebi gadian zRvaSi~ (1979, 11.01), `svaneTis mTebSi~ (1980, 5.06), `simaRle~ (xuTnawiliani radiofilmi, anu xuTi problemuri narkvevi foTis eqsperimentze, 1982, 15-19. 09), `tyibuleli meSaxteebi~ (1985, 25.06) da sxv. maT erTaderT specifikas warmoadgenda is, rom ZiriTadad dokumentur Canawerebze iyo agebuli da avtoris teqsti minimumamde iyo Semcirebuli, rac sulac ar ganapirobebda axali, gansxvavebuli esTetikuri struqturis Seqmnas. 240 musikis gansakuTrebulma rolma radiomauwyeblobaSi bevrad ganapiroba rTuli, kombinirebuli da krebiTi xasiaTis struqturebis warmoSoba da ganviTareba. igi iwyeba literaturul-musikaluri kompoziciebiT — erTi TemiT gaerTianebuli literaturuli da musikaluri nawarmoebebis montaJiT, sadac musika xels uwyobs amaRlebuli ganwyobilebis Seqmnas, teqstis `emocionalizacias~. amgvari kompoziciebi, rogorc wesi, sazeimo dReebs, saiubileo TariRebs, did politikur movlenebs eZRvneboda da umetesad paTetikuri xasiaTisa iyo, mag.: `partiis Suqi gzas gvinaTebs~ (1961, 13.04), `ai, rad gviyvars Cveni partia~ (partiuli yrilobebisa da plenumebis win), `Cveni lenini~ (1961, 21.04), `komunizmi Cveni droSaa~ (1962, 31.01), `gamarjoba, Cemo Tbilis-qalaqo!~ (1983, 30.10) da a.S. SemdgomSi musika, rogorc damoukidebeli elementi, gamoiyeneboda mxatvrul-dokumentur kompoziciebSi, publicistur Jurnalebsa da programebSi. radioJurnali aTeuli wlebis manZilze yvelaze gavrcelebuli forma iyo saqarTvelos radiomauwyeblobaSi. amas ganapirobebda rogorc misi krebiTi xasiaTi (mcire zomis nawarmoebebis erTad Tavmoyris efeqtianoba) da perioduloba, ise, aranaklebad, informaciis tipizaciis SesaZlebloba dargis, Temis, mimarTulebis Tu misamarTis mixedviT, rac yvelaze metad Seesabameboda radioprogramis rubrikaciis princips. radiomauwyeblobis TiToeul redaqcias Tu ganyofilebas, romlebic dargobriv-Tematuri principiT iyo organizebuli, Tavisi Jurnalebi gaaCnda programaSi: `kultura da yofacxovreba~, `fizkultura da sporti~, `Cveni sofeli~, `mecniereba da teqnika~, `janmrTeloba~, `bunebis kari~, `adamiani da kanoni~, `literatura da xelovneba~ da a.S. Tavidan es Jurnalebi Caketil struqturebs warmoadgenda. calkeuli masalebi — e.w. siuJetebi — beWduri organoebis msgavsad erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad iyo gamijnuli (`kritikuli gverdi~, `litaraturuli gverdi~, `musikaluri gverdi~, `iumoristuli gverdi~ da a.S.) da diqtoris anonimuri teqstiT gaerTianebuli. msgavseba iqamde midioda, rom, magaliTad, 1967 wels Jurnal `literaturisa da xelovnebis~ TiToeuli gamoSvebis nomeric ki cxaddeboda. zogierT Jurnals, rome241 lic naklebi periodulobisa iyo, aseve beWduri formebis gavleniT, `almanaxi~ erqva (mag., almanaxi `poezia~ — 1971-1973, radioalmanaxebi: `literaturuli aWara~ — 1971 da `erTguleba~ — 1972-1975). paralelurad, SeimCneva am formebis radios specifikisadmi misadagebis ramdenime cdac, rac maT saxelwodebebSic gamoixata. magaliTad, yvelaze patarebisaTvis gankuTvnil yovelkvireul gadacemas `radiosadguri `cicinaTela~ erqva (1960-1980), mozardebis yovelTviur programas — `radiosadguri `siymawvilis Tanamgzavri~ (1977-1988), xolo axalgazrdul programas — `radiosadguri `siWabuke~ (1977-1989). `radiosadgurebs~ diqtorebTan erTad xSirad wamyvanebi — Jurnalistebic uZRvebodnen, rac garkveul gavlenas axdenda maT struqturebze da ganasxvavebda sxva radioJurnalebisagan. radioJurnalebSi wamyvanis damkvidreba, diqtoris Secvla Jurnalistis pirovnebiT, radios specifikis aTvisebis istoriuli procesi iyo. Jurnalisti moeqca gadacemis kompoziciuri struqturis centrSi. igi improvizaciulad aerTianebda sxvadasxva masalas, ganapirobebda maT saerTo mimarTulebas da arsebiTad gansazRvravda gadacemis saerTo formasa da xasiaTs. am procesSi garkveuli roli Seasrula im gamocdilebam, romelic dagrovda ufro adre, personaluri ciklebis momzadebisas (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs m. CxartiSvilis, l. kikilaSvilis, m. gegeSiZis, a. gelaSvilis, i. kevliSvilis da sxv. namuSevrebi 60-70-ian wlebSi). Jurnalistis pirovnebiT gaerTianebul da garkveulwilad improvizebul aseT radioJurnalebs radioprogramebi daerqva. es gadacemebi ukve zepir saubarze, zepir urTierTobazea agebuli, magram auditoriasTan pirdapir kontaqts moklebulia — winaswar aris Cawerili da saTanadod damontaJebuli. `Ria~ eTeri — radiomsmenelebis uSualod CarTva gadacemaSi — mxolod 90-iani wlebidan mkvidrdeba saqarTvelos radios praqtikaSi. 242 Tavi IV saqarTvelos radio demokratiuli gardaqmnebisa da erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi (1985-1991) saqarTvelos radios istoriaSi 1985-1991 wlebi yvelaze mokle monakveTia sxvebTan SedarebiT, magram igi imdenad mniSvnelovani da Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli iyo Cveni qveynis cxovrebaSi, rom mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT calke periodad gamoyofa. jer erTi, am periodSi moxda is radikaluri cvlilebebi sabWoTa saxelmwifos sistemaSi (mravalpartiulobisa da ideologiuri pluralizmis aRiareba, cenzuraze uaris Tqma, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebze saxelmwifo monopoliis gauqmeba da sxv.), romelic `gardaqmnis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. es iyo skkp-isa da ssrk-is xelmZRvanelobis politika, romelic 1980-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi gamocxadda da 1991 wlis agvistomde grZeldeboda. mis obieqtur Sinaarss sabWoTa ekonomikis, politikis, ideologiisa da kulturis zogadsakacobrio idealebTan da RirebulebebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis cda Seadgenda; xorcieldeboda ukiduresi araTanmimdevrobiT da winaaRmdegobriv ZalisxmevaTa Sedegad skkp-is kraxisa da ssrk-is daSlis winapirobebis Seqmna. meore, es iyo erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobis gamorCeuli periodi, romelic 1990 wlis saparlamento arCevnebSi erovnuli Zalebis gamarjvebiTa da 1991 wlis 9 aprils saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebiT dasrulda. marTalia, es iyo wminda deklaraciuli aqti — faqtobrivad saqarTvelo kvlav rCeboda erTiani ssr kavSiris politikuri, ideologiuri da ekonomikuri sistemis Semadgenel nawilad (sadac yvela sabWoTa struqtura ganagrZobda funqcionirebas), magram misi istoriuli roli eris cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi metad 243 Rirebulia: saqarTvelo iyo pirveli, vinc yvela sxva mokavSire respublikaze gacilebiT adre Riad acnoba mTel msoflios Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgena da kavSiridan gasvlis moTxovna. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos radiosaTvis, rogorc masobrivi informaciis saSualebisaTvis, gardaqmnis periodi iseTi siaxle ar yofila, rogorc sxva respublikebSi. rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, axleburi azrovneba qarTul mediaSi jer kidev 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan iwyebs ganviTarebas da gardaqmnis dasawyisisaTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, Tavis piks aRwevs. gansakuTrebiT aqtiuria televizia (sakmarisia gavixsenoT, rom SeSinebuli `mTavlitis~ warmomadgeneli — cenzori moskovs acnobebda komitetis xelmZRvanelobis `arakanonier~ moqmedebebze). radios es procesi SedarebiT mogvianebiT Seexo. pirveli arsebiTi cvlilebebi samauwyeblo politikaSi daukavSirda saqarTvelos radios xelmZRvanelobaSi axali kadrebis CarTvas da garkveuli drois manZilze mis erTgvar decentralizacias. 1977 wels teleradiokomitetis Tavmjdomaris pirvel moadgiled dainiSna saq. kp centraluri komitetis muSaki armaz sanebliZe, romelsac daevala rogorc televiziis, ise radios sainformacio samsaxurebis saerTo xelmZRvaneloba. 1983 wels Tavmjdomaris moadgiled dainiSna eldar iberi, romelsac teleredaqciebTan erTad radios sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciebis kurirebac daekisra, xolo 1984 wlis meore naxevridan (petre SamaTavas sxva Tanamdebobaze gadasvlis Semdeg) igi mTeli radios xelmZRvanelic gaxda sainformacio samsaxuris gamoklebiT (eldar iberma ganvlo yvela profesiuli etapi umcrosi redaqtoridan radios xelmZRvanelamde; igi 15 weli muSaobda radio-televiziaSi, Semdeg sami weli iyo iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis Jurnalistikis fakultetis mecnier-TanamSromeli da samecniero xarisxis dacvis Semdeg daubrunda Tavis koleqtivs). magram am periodSi demokratizaciis procesi Tanabrad rodi mimdinareobda. rogor paradoqsadac ar unda mogveCvenos, saqarTvelos radio-televiziaSi 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi dawyebuli gardaqmnebi erTgvarad damuxruWda mTel 244 sabWoTa kavSirSi mimdinare gardaqmnis wlebSi (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs 1986-1988 wlebi). 1985 wels saqarTvelos kp centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivani eduard SevardnaZe sabWoTa kavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrad dainiSna da misi adgili daikava jumber patiaSvilma, rasac tradiciulad mohyva TiTqmis mTeli xelmZRvaneli kadrebis gamocvlac. Seicvala saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis komitetis Tavmjdomarec — 1986 wels nugzar fofxaZis nacvlad (romelic centraluri komitetis propagandis ganyofilebis gamged gadaiyvanes) Tavmjdomared dainiSna misi pirveli moadgile armaz sanebliZe. 1987 wels aseve Seicvala Tavmjdomaris moadgile radios dargSi, saqarTvelos radios axali xelmZRvaneli gaxda ramin WeliZe. respublikis axalma xelmZRvanelobam ver auRo alRo mimdinare procesebs. erTi mxriv, dro moiTxovda demokratiuli reformebis gatarebas, warsulis dogmebze uaris Tqmas. meore mxriv, demokratizaciis procesma xel-fexi gauxsna erovnul moZraobas — gaxSirda mitingebi, demonstraciebi, saprotesto gamosvlebi, rasac xelisuflebam isev Zveli nacadi xerxiT — demokratiis SezRudviTa da masmediaze kontrolis gamkacrebiT upasuxa. radio- da teleeTerSi daviwyebas mieca sajaroobis bevri iseTi forma, romelic wina wlebSi auditoriis did interess iwvevda, Semcirda gadacemebis simwvave da kritikuli paTosi. samagierod, ucvleli darCa mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani: komunisturi da sabWouri Rirebulebebis propaganda, partiul da sxva sadireqtivo dadgenilebebze swrafi reagireba, sazeimo TariRebisa da politikuri RonisZiebebis farTod gaSuqeba da sxva (rasac tradiciuli ciklebisa da rubrikebis SenarCunebac adasturebs). miuxedavad amisa, dros Tavisi moaqvs da zogierTi dadebiTi Zvra mainc SeiniSneba. gaizarda erovnuli mauwyebloba — saqarTvelos radios pirvel respublikur programaSi Semcirda sakavSiro radios mTeli rigi programebis savaldebulo CarTva, romelTa xangrZlivoba 80-iani wlebSi yoveldRiurad 7 saaTs aRwevda. amgvari praqtika miT ufro xelovnuri da iZulebiTi Canda, rom saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani qalaqebi uzrunvelyofili iyo samprogramiani satranslacio qseliT 245 (sadenebiani mauwyeblobiT) da mosaxleobis umravlesobas SeeZlo damoukideblad esmina I da II sakavSiro programebisaTvis ara marto radiomimRebebiT, aramed reproduqtorebiTac. 1985-1989 wlebSi grZeldeboda televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis dReebis mowyoba sawarmoebsa Tu sxva organizaciebSi, respublikis calkeul regionebSi, sadac paralelurad xdeboda radioauditoriis moTxovnilebebis Seswavla. aseve orjer, 1988 wlis noemberSi da 1989 wlis ianvarSi, gazeTSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ gamoCnda anketa `ismis TqvenTan radios xma?~, romelic radioficirebis problemis garda sxva sakiTxebsac ayenebda — msmenelebs sTxovda azri gamoeTqvaT radios programaze, sxvadasxva ciklebsa da rubrikebze. saerTod ki am periodSi, e.w. gardaqmnis wlebSi, sagrZnoblad Seicvala sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis formebi. Tu adre mTavari yuradReba eqceoda sociologiuri kvlevis meTodebis gamoyenebas (saanketo gamokiTxvas da a.S.), axla upiratesoba mieniWa sabWoTa Jurnalistikis nacad formas — `mSromelTa werilebis~ analizs. 1987 wlis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos radioSi sistematur xasiaTs iZens werilebis mimoxilva. kviraSi orjer mikrofonTan gamodioda komitetis werilebis ganyofilebis gamge (mixeil mWedliZe) da mimoixilavda radiomsmenelebis fostas. amave wlidan eTerSia yovelkvireuli rubrika `werilebi gardaqmnaze~, romelsac 1989 wels `radiomsmenelTa fosta~ ewoda. demokratizaciis procesis gamoxatuleba iyo agreTve rubrika `Cven da msmenelebi~ — 1987 wlis meore naxevarSi yovel kviras msmenelebs Tavisebur angariSs abarebdnen radios mTavari redaqtorebi, maTi moadgileebi, ganyofilebis gamgeebi, sTxovdnen SeniSvnebisa da winadadebebis miwodebas. amas 1988 wlidan mohyva yovelTviuri cikli — `msmeneli gvTxovs, gvirCevs, gvesaubreba~, romelic 1990 wlis bolomde gagrZelda. ase rom, Tu 20-25 wlis manZilze auditoriis azris Seswavla ZiriTadad komunikatoris poziciis dasabuTebas emsaxureboda, gardaqmnis wlebSi ufro am auditoriis moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebas mieqca yuradReba. 1988 wlidan xelisuflebam ramdenadme Searbila sulieri cxovrebis sferoSi partiul-saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis for246 mebi da erTgvarad Secvala kidec taqtika — Seecada Tavi warmoeCina erovnuli interesebis damcvelad. amas mohyva mTavrobis dadgenilebani saqarTvelos istoriisa da qarTuli enis swavlebis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb, rac farTod aisaxa saqarTvelos radios gadacemebSi. magram paralelurad ar Semwydara komunisturi JurnalistikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli manipulatoruli meTodebis gamoyeneba, gansakuTrebiT erovnuli moZraobis diskreditaciis mizniT. konfrontacia xelisuflebasa da erovnul moZraobas Soris TandaTan gaZlierda, rasac mohyva 1989 wlis 9 aprils samxedro ZalebiT mSvidobiani saprotesto mitingis darbeva da adamianTa msxverpli. aman sabolood mouRo bolo sabWoTa xelisuflebis avtoritets xalxis farTo masebSi. tradiciulad Seicvala respublikis xelmZRvanelobac — jumber patiaSvili gadaayenes da saq.kp centraluri komitetis mdivani gaxda givi gumbariZe, romelsac manamde saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis Tavmjdomaris posti ekava. Seicvala teleradiokomitetis xelmZRvanelic — Tavmjdomare gaxda arCil gogelia. respublikis axali xelmZRvaneloba da mmarTveli komunisturi partia iZulebuli gaxda ufro loialuri politika gaetarebina. politikuri Zalebis aseTma gawonasworebam gavlena iqonia masobrivi informaciis organoebis saqmianobazec. saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobaSi SesaZlebeli gaxda demokratizaciis procesis gaRrmaveba. moxda religiuri da erovnuli propagandis legalizacia. Seiqmna principulad axali ciklebi da rubrikebi, gamoCnda adre akrZaluli Temebi, gmirebi da avtorebi. am periodSi Sewyda ucxoeTis radiosadgurebis CaxSobac da saqarTvelos mosaxleobas mieca maTi Tavisufali mosmenis saSualeba, magram e.w. specialuri gadacemebis redaqcia ar gauqmebula — igi isev ganagrZobda `amerikis xmis~ qarTuli gadacemebis Caweras da gaSifruli teqstebis tradiciuli sqemiT gavrcelebas. 1990 wlis 28 oqtombers saqarTveloSi gamarTul pirvel mravalpartiul arCevnebSi erovnuli mimarTulebis partiebis erTma jgufma `mrgvali magidis~ saxelwodebiT, amomrCevelTa xmebis umravlesoba miiRo da xelisuflebas daeufla. misi lideri zviad gamsaxurdia jer saqarTvelos uzenaesi 247 sabWos Tavmjdomare gaxda, Semdeg ki — saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti. rogorc praqtika gviCvenebs, saqarTvelos radiosa da televiziis gaCenis pirveli dRidan yoveli xelisuflebis lideri cdilobda mis xelmZRvanelad Tavisi erTguli piri daeniSna da uSualod Tavisi kontrolisaTvis daeqvemdebarebina. amjeradac ase moxda. teleradiokomitets ewoda televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo departamenti, mis Tavmjdomared dainiSna Temur kvantaliani, xolo Tavmjdomaris moadgiled radios dargSi — lado kokaia, romelic manamde informaciis mTavari redaqciis pasuxismgebel mdivnad muSaobda. saqarTvelos radios winaSe erovnuli da demokratiuli ganviTarebis TiTqosda axali perspeqtiva gamoCnda. magram axalma xelisuflebam radio-televiziis mimarT imave politikis gatareba daiwyo, rac wina, komunistur xelisuflebas axasiaTebda. es bevrad ganapiroba umwvavesma dapirispirebam erovnuli moZraobis meore frTasTan (e.w. erovnul kongresTan), romelic arCevnebSi ar monawileobda da `mrgval magidas~ opoziciaSi Caudga. miuxedavad imisa, rom respublikis uzenaesma sabWom 1991 wlis agvistoSi miiRo demokratiuli, saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi kanoni `presisa da masobrivi informaciis sxva saSualebebis Sesaxeb~, xelisuflebam TviTonve daarRvia es kanoni, uwinares yovlisa, teleradiomauwyeblobasTan mimarTebiT da yoveli Rone ixmara misi monopolizaciisaTvis. mdgomareoba kidev ufro gaarTula komitetis axalma xelmZRvanelma, romelsac arc saTanado profesionalizmi gaaCnda da arc marTvis gamocdileba da ver gamonaxa koleqtivTan saerTo ena (sakmarisia iTqvas, rom erTbaSad samuSaodan daiTxoves sapensio asaks miRweuli yvela TanamSromeli — daaxloebiT 300 kaci). yovelive aman axali xelisuflebis mimarT mtrulad ganawyo radio-televiziis muSakTa didi nawili da prezidenti iZulebuli gaxda piradad misuliyo departamentSi koleqtivTan Sesaxvedrad da mdgomareobis gansamuxtavad. pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis xanmokle periodSi radio (da gansakuTrebiT televizia) mudmivad iyo politikuri Tu samoqalaqo dapirispirebis obieqti, rac mniSvnelovanwi248 lad imanac ganapiroba, rom im periodSi saeTero propagandis sxva, alternatiuli arxi ar arsebobda. upirvelesad teleradiomauwyeblobis saSualebiT daupirispirda xelisufleba opoziciur politikur Zalebs (`erovnul kongresSi~ gaerTianebul partiebs) da misdami kritikulad ganwyobil elitarul inteligencias. Sida Tu gare reaqciuli Zalebis mxardaWeriT konfrontacia gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda 1991 wlis seqtembris meore naxevridan, opoziciuri mitingis provokaciuli darbevis Semdeg. teleradiomauwyeblobis koleqtivi gaifica. teleradiocentris Senoba erovnuli gvardiis amboxebulma nawilma daikava da xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda mauwyebloba parlamentis Senobidan, saxeldaxelod mowyobili studiidan ganegrZo. or Tveze metxans saqarTvelos radios ramdenime Jurnalisti da diqtori iqidan gadmoscemda isev da isev konfrontaciis xelSemwyob informaciebs, rasac emateboda xelisuflebis zogierTi warmomadgenlis upasuxismgeblo gamosvlebic. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xelisuflebis mier organizebulma teleradiomauwyeblobam bevri veraferi gaakeTa mosaxleobis mxardaWeris mosapoveblad da ver dasZlia misi indiferentuli damokidebuleba dedaqalaqSi mimdinare SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis mimarT, ramac xeli Seuwyo kanonieri xelisuflebis damxobas. miuxedavad movlenebis ganviTarebis aseTi winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTisa, am periods ukavSirdeba mTeli rigi dadebiTi cvlilebebic saqarTvelos radios cxovrebaSi. saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis gamocxadebis Semdeg saqarTvelos radio faqtobrivad suveneruli qveynis sainformacio saSualebad iqca — pirveli respublikuri programa mTlianad ganTavisuflda sakavSiro radios gadacemebis savaldebulo translaciisagan. radgan sabWoTa (arsebiTad, rusuli) masmedia ubinZures cilismwameblur kampanias eweoda erovnuli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg da damaxinjebulad warmoudgenda mTel msoflios saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebs, naTeli gaxda sazRvargareTuli auditoriisaTvis alternatiuli informaciis miwodebis aucilebloba (aseT pirobebSi mxolod `gadacema ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi TanamemamuleebisaTvis~, cxadia, sakmarisi veRar iqneboda). piradad prezidentisa da sa249 qarTvelis sagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgilis nodar gabaSvilis didi mondomebiT 1991 wels safuZveli Caeyara ucxoeTze inglisurenovan mauwyeblobas (yoveldRiurad naxevari saaTis moculobiT). igi sazRvargareTis msmenelebs acnobda saqarTveloSi arsebul mdgomareobas, mis saSinao da sagareo politikas, rom xeli Seewyo qveynis saerTaSoriso TanamegobrobaSi damkvidrebisaTvis, propagandas uwevda qarTul kulturasa da xelovnebas. 1991 wlis bolos saqarTveloSi moewyo saxelmwifo da damoukidebeli teleradiomauwyeblobis urTierTobis ZiriTadi principebis dadgenis pirveli mcdeloba — gamoqveynda `saqarTvelos saxelmwifo tele-radio korporaciis debulebisa~ da `saqarTvelos tele-radio korporaciis mier dafuZnebuli kompaniis wesdebis~ proeqtebi.1 rogorc aRvniSneT, es metad daZabuli periodi iyo Cvens qveyanaSi, rasac ar SeiZleboda, gavlena ar moexdina warmodgenili proeqtebis xasiaTze — maTSi aSkarad igrZnoba xelisuflebis mcdeloba rogorc saxelmwifo, ise damoukidebel teleradiomauwyeblobaze rac SeiZleba meti kontrolis dawesebisaTvis. proeqtebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos teleradiodepartamentis teleradiokorporaciad gadakeTebis erT - erTi ZiriTadi mizani iyo damoukidebeli teleradiokompaniebis dafuZneba, maTi finansuri da teqnikuri mxardaWera. aseTi nabiji mxolod misasalmebeli iqneboda, rom damoukidebeli kompaniebi ar moqceuliyo saxelmwifo struqturaSi — korporaciaSi, romelic inarCunebda saxelmwifo departamentis statuss da, aqedan gamomdinare, ar daqvemdebareboda mTavrobas, anu ar dakisreboda saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis funqciebi (proeqtis avtorebis gagebiT — `xelisuflebis interesebis dacva~). ufro naTlad rom vTqvad, saxelmwifo teleradiodepartamenti gardaiqmneboda saxelmwifo korporaciad, raTa Tavis sistemaSi saxelmwifo rgolebTan erTad Seeqmna viTom damoukidebeli teleradiokompaniebi, romlebic faqtobrivad mis kontrols daeqvemdebareboda da amiT saerTod gamoiricxeboda yovelgvari, marTlac damoukidebeli da alterna1 gaz. `respublika~, 1991, 12.12, gv. 6. 250 tiuli mauwyeblobis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba. aseT pirobebSi imis gancxadebas, rom korporacia uzrunvelyofs damoukidebeli kompaniebis dotaciur dafinansebasa da saxelmwifo dakveTebs, `xels uwyobs maT damoukidebel saqmianobas, srul SemoqmedebiT Tavisuflebas~, mxolod deklaraciuli xasiaTi hqonda — Zneli dasajerebelia, rom saxelmwifo korporacia dotaciebiTa da dakveTebiT uzrunvelyofda im kompanias, romelic xelisuflebisadmi kritikul pozicias daikavebda, rac sul mokle xanSi aseTi `urCi wevris~ gakotrebasa da gauqmebas gamoiwvevda. arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom mTeli es `kompaniobana~ radio-televiziis gaficuli muSakebis dasaSoSmineblad da Tavidan mosaSoreblad iyo mogonili — TavisTavad cxadia, rom Tu korporacias eqneboda `damoukidebeli~ kompaniebi, yvela kritikulad moazrovne iq unda wasuliyo da wminda `samTavrobo~ nawilSi mxolod politikurad erTguli kadrebi darCeniliyo. saxelmwifo da damoukidebeli mauwyeblobis amgvari simbiozi msoflio praqtikam ar icis da am proeqtebs arc ewera ganxorcieleba — aTiode dReSi dapirispirebul mxareebs Soris SeiaraRebuli Setakebebi daiwyo da xelisuflebis damxobamde erTi Tvec aRar iyo darCenili, Semdeg ki isini aravis gaxsenebia. pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis xanmokle mmarTvelobis periodSi saqarTvelos radioSi sxva organizaciuli cvlilebebic moxda: propagandis mTavar redaqcias ewoda sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia (saxelwodebis amgvari Secvla sakavSiro radioSi jer kidev 1987 wels ganxorcielda). mTavar redaqtorad droebiT isev vaxtang dvali darCa, magram 1991 wels radio-televiziis sapensio asakis sxva TanamSromlebTan erTad isic daiTxoves samuSaodan da mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna zezva zviadauri, xolo redaqcias saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia ewoda. amave wels gaerTianda sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciebi da mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna ilia mxeiZe. informaciis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtori dimitri kikvaZe Secvala giorgi CokoSvilma. 1985-1991 wlebSi sainformacio gamoSvebaTa ganrigi ase gamoiyureboda: 251 1985 — 6.05, 11.00, 12.10 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00, 18.00 (paraskevis garda), 18.30 (rusul enaze, kvira dRis garda), 19.00 (kviras), 19.30 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 22.30, 23.55. 1986-1990 — 6.05, 11.00, 14.15, 17.00, 18.30 (rusul enaze, kviradRis garda), 19.30, 22.30, 23.55. 1991 — 6.05, 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (oTxSabaTisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 13.45 (SabaTs), 14.15 (SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00 (samSabaTisa da xuTSabaTis garda), 17.45 (rusul enaze, paraskevs), 18.30 (rusul enaze, paraskevisa da SabaT-kviris garda), 20.30 (SabaTs), 21.30 (oTxSabaTsa da paraskevs), 23.00, 23.55. rogorc vxedavT, 1991 wels gaugebari mizezebis gamo, sainformacio gamoSvebaTa ganrigi Seicvala: gansxvavebulia ara marto SabaT-kvira, samuSao dReebSic sainformacio gamoSvebebi erTsa da imave dros aRar gadaicema, rasac ar SeiZleba ar gamoewvia radiomsmenelebis dabneuloba da auditoriis Semcireba. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom 1991 wlidan operatiuli informaciis biuletens `ukanasknel cnobebs~ aRar uwodebdnen (rogorc mas TiTqmis 60 wlis manZilze erqva) da igi eTerSi gadioda ubralod `sainformacio gamoSvebis~ saxelwodebiT. amiT, ra Tqma unda, misi funqcia da struqtura ar Secvlila: operatiulad aisaxeboda qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebi; sabWoTa saxelmwifos bolo wlebis problemebi; dapirispireba jer xelisuflebasa da erovnul moZraobas, Semdeg ki erovnul xelisuflebasa da opozicias Soris; 1990 wlis saparlamento da 1991 wlis saprezidento arCevnebi; qarTul-osuri konfliqtis sawyisi periodi da a.S. sainformacio gamoSvebebs tradiciulad uZRvebodnen diqtorebi (1985-1991 wlebSi maT rigebs Seematnen: Tamaz Wyonia, genadi xafava, merab SariqaZe, lali zanguraSvili, xaTuna baqraZe, nuca erisTavi, evgeni vadaqaria). isev ganagrZobda arsebobas zogierTi tradiciuli forma, magaliTad, Tematuri sainformacio gamoSveba. 1986 wlis meore naxevarSi manamde arsebuli `msoflios erTi kviris ambebis~ 10-wuTian gamoSvebas Seenacvla `depeSebi sazRvargareTidan~, romelic Semdeg II programaze gadavida. mogvianebiT 252 amave saxelwodebiT 19 saaTis gamoSveba daeTmo ucxoeTis axal ambebs. aseve, `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ 19 saaTisa da 30 wuTis gamoSvebis magivrad 1987 wlis ivnisamde yoveldRiurad kvlav gadaicemoda `agrosamrewvelo kompleqsi: sadReiso sazrunavi~, romelic aSuqebda am periodSi aqtualuri e.w. sasursaTo programis sakiTxebs da Cvens respublikaSi eqsperimentuli agrosamrewvelo gaerTianebebis saqmianobas. SabaTkviris garda yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi (19.15, 10 wuTi) `radiopatruli~, romelic radiomsmenelebs acnobda respublikaSi arsebul kriminalur situacias (avtori da wamyvani koba kobaiZe). sportis axal ambebs warmoadgenda rubrika `5 wuTi sportis moyvarulTaTvis~, romelic kviraSi oTxjer gadaicemoda, Tumca sportul informacias avrcelebdnen agreTve Cveulebrivi sainformacio gamoSvebebi da sainformacio-musikaluri programebi (aqve aRvniSnavT, rom sportul radioJurnals, romelsac 1985-1988 wlebSi `fizkultura da sporti~ erqva, 1989 wlidan ewoda `utevani~, rogorc Cans, ufro erovnuli saxeli). 1991 wlidan praqtikaSi axal doneze aRdga 30-iani wlebis forma `radiogadaZaxili~ — ase erqva rubrikas, romelic fexburTis ramdenime matCis erTdroul reportaJebsa da komentatorebis urTierTSenacvlebas emyareboda. 1985-1991 wlebSi Semdgomi ganviTareba pova sainformaciomusikalurma programebma. 1987 wlidan `pikis saaTi~ ukve orjer gadioda eTerSi yoveldRiurad SabaT-kviris garda — diliT, 7 saaTze, erTi saaTis da naSuadRevs, 12 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (samagierod gauqmda sainformacio-musikaluri programa `naSuadRevs~). am periodSi misi aqtiuri avtorebi iyvnen: vaxtang nanitaSvili, nana jafariZe, dodo Sonava, oTar SaorSaZe, zaza qinqlaZe (mogvianebiT — nato oniani, qeTino sadRobelaSvili, Salva gegeWkori). 1987 wlis ivnisSi `rusuli respublikuri cnobebis~ redaqciaSi Seiqmna `pikis saaTis~ identuri sainformacio-musikaluri programa `eqvsidan Svidamde~, romelic yovel SabaTs gadioda eTerSi 18-dan 19 saaTamde da respublikis cxovrebis yovelkvireul mimoxilvas iZleoda musikaluri nomrebis TanxlebiT (Tamaz kandelaki, maia roitbaki-dedabriSvili, Tamar sogoraSvili). 1988 wlidan mas daemata kidev erTi sain253 formacio-musikaluri programa `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebi~, romelic aseve gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, 30 wuTis moculobiT (man Secvala manamde arsebuli `Tbilisis axali ambebi~). sainformacio-musikaluri xasiaTis ufro gavrcobili bloki — `radiosadguri `macne~ (rogorc saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, mas informaciuli sadguris pretenzia hqonda) programaSi CaerTo 1987 wlis seqtembridan, samSabaTobiT 17-dan 20 saaTamde. 1988 wels paraskeobiT, amave saaTebSi, mas daemata kidev erTi gamoSveba, romelmac 1989 wlis ivlisidan 1991 wlis bolomde xuTSabaTs gadainacvla(isev im droSi). `macnes~ struqturaze sakmao warmodgenas iZleva mokle anotacia, romelic xSirad erTvoda mas eTerSi gamocxadebisas da gazeTSi dabeWdil programaSic. magaliTad, 1989 wlis 9 ianvars (samSabaTi) `macneSi~ iyo: ukanaskneli cnobebi; ganvixilavT qarTuli enis saxelmwifo proeqts; ekonomika; TviTdafinanseba; TviTanazRaureba; cikli `pozicia~; soflis sazrunavi; socialuri sferos problemebi; rubrika `gardaqmnis gamocdilebis misamarTebi~; ekologia; demografia; kultura, xelovneba; saerTaSoriso mimoxilva; sportis ambebi; musika. es rubrikebi met-naklebi sisruliT gvxvdeba `macnes~ sxva gamoSvebebSic. paraskevs, 12 ivniss maT daemata, magaliTad: gadacema moswavleTaTvis `gilocavT~ — centraluri samusiko aTwledi 50 wlisaa; radiogadaZaxili — xazzea soxumi da a.S. 1990-1991 wlebSi mudmivad iyo `macnes~ eTerSi rubrika `kriminaluri qronika~. didi yuradReba eqceoda samarTlis, moralis, religiis, ekologiis sakiTxebs da a.S. studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen politikis, ekonomikis, kulturisa da xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. programa pirdapir eTerSi gadioda da masSi xSirad iyo CarTuli reportaJebi movlenaTa adgilebidan, msmenelebi aqtiurad minawileobdnen gadacemaSi satelefono kavSiris meSveobiT. `macneSi~ didi dro hqonda daTmobili reklamas, romelic ramdenimejer gadaicemoda. mTeli bloki datvirTuli iyo qarTuli da ucxouri musikiT. radiosadguri `macne~ Tavidan informaciis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda, magram 1991 wels mas monacvleobiT amzadebdnen radios sxvadasxva redaqciis TanamSromlebi, visac 254 pirdapir eTerSi muSaobis praqtika hqonda. rubrikebis kompaqturi xasiaTi da musikis siuxve gvarwmunebs, rom radiosadguri `macne~ faqtobrivad pirveli programis farglebSi sainformacio-musikaluri sadguris Camoyalibebis cda iyo da man saboloo ganxorcieleba pova 1995 wlis 1 oqtombridan saqarTvelos radios II programis bazaze (Tu mis nacvlad) `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ daarsebiT. tradiciulad grZeldeboda 1985-1990 wlebSi qarTuli da rusuli respublikuri gazeTebis yoveldRiuri mimoxilva, garda orSabaTisa (1991 wels mas daerqva `respublikuri yoveldRiuri presis mimoxilva~) da agreTve 1985 wels `pravdis~ mimoxilva (qarTul enaze). aseve, 1987 wlis bolomde, garda SabaT-kvirisa, msmenelebs miewodeboda qarTulad Targmnili `pravdis~ mowinave statia. 1991 wels presis Tavisebur mimoxilvas warmoadgenda agreTve programa `paraleli — faqti, presa, komentari~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 45-60 wuTis xangrZlivibiT. programis wamyvani jumber baqraZe (radios programebis mTavari direqciis mTavari direqtoris moadgile) msmenelebs acnobda sazRvargareTis presaSi gamoqveynebul statiebs, amasTan, yuradRebas amaxvilebda im Temaze, romelic mocemuli kviris ganmavlobaSi yvelaze aqtiurad Suqdeboda presaSi. xSirad iyo saubari msoflios zesaxelmwifoebis politikur, ekonomikur da socialur mdgomareobaze, maT damokidebulebaze saqarTvelos mimarT da a.S. gardaqmnis procesebis gavlena, cxadia, yvelaze metad sazogadoebriv-politikur gadacemebs Seexo. tradiciulad daiwyo gardaqmnis Temis totalurad warmoCena. sityva `gardaqmna~ mudmivad ismoda eTerSi da figurirebda uamravi rubrikis saxelwodebaSi: `moqmedebis, gardaqmnis, winsvlis programa~ (1986), `riT daviwyeT gardaqmna~ (rubrika, romelic raikomis mdivnebs ekavaT da faqtobrivad maT angariSebs warmoadgenda — 1986-1987), `gardaqmnas — ideologiuri uzrunvelyofa~, `gardaqmna drois moTxovnaa~, `werilebi gardaqmnaze~, `gardaqmnis kursi~, `gardaqmna da kadrebi~, `gardaqmnis waxnagebi~ (yvela 1987 wels), `gardaqmnas — muSuri garantia~ da sxva. yvela es `gardaqmna~ arsebiTad formaluri iyo. ra gar255 daqmnaze SeiZleboda laparaki, roca ideologiuri pluralizmi gaiazreboda rogorc `socialisturi pluralizmi~ da aseTi yovelkvireuli rubrikac ki arsebobda — `gardaqmnis leninuri gakveTilebi~ (1988). magram yvelaze mTavari iyo is, rom gardaqmnis procesebs Tan mohyva eTeris demokratizacia da gamoCnda axali Temebi da problemebi, romlebzec saqarTvelos radios manamde xeli ar miuwvdeboda. 1989 wlis seqtembridan Seiqmna yovelkvireuli mwvave publicisturi programa `pirveli studia~, sadac periodulad ganixileboda erovnebaTaSorisi urTierTobis problemebi, partiis erovnuli platforma, erovnuli ganviTarebis koncefcia, respublikis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis koncefcia, erovnuli skolis koncefcia da sxv. 1990 wlis aprilidan Camoyalibda yovelkvireuli rubrika `politologis studia~, sadac gamosvlis saSualeba miecaT sxvadasxva politikuri partiisa da gaerTianebis warmomadgenlebs. 1990 wlis Tebervlidan yovelkvireuli rubrikiT `saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa sabWoSi~ (15 wT.) mosaxleobas miewodeboda informacia mTavrobis saqmianobis Sesaxeb. drois yvelaze mwvave problemebi iyo dasmuli gadacemebSi: `saqarTvelos moqalaqis statusi~ (1988 w., 12 gadacema), `saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis dRe~ (1989, 22.05), `Cveni ena qarTuli~ (1989, 3 gadacema), `studia `dialogi~ (saqarTvelos istoriis swavlebis saxelmwifo programis proeqti~ (1989, 3.04), `rogor gvesmis damoukidebloba~ (1990, 9.05) da sxv. es tendencia kidev ufro gaZlierda qveynis saTaveSi pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg. aprilis bolos Seiqmna cikli `damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis~, 24 aprils amave Temaze moewyo pirveli (da ukanaskneli) radioxidi `Tbilisi-vaSingtoni~ (60 wuTi); april-ivnisSi eTerSi iyo sami gadacema cikliT `qarTuli emigraciis xmebi~ (grigol urataZis, nametia berZeniSvilisa da mixako wereTlis audioCanawerebi), romelsac uZRveboda prof. guram SaraZe. yovelive amis paralelurad, 1985-1990 wlebSi grZeldeboda im Temebis warmoCena, romelic tradiciulad damaxasiaTebeli iyo sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyeblobisaTvis. kvlav iyo eTerSi rubrikebi `komunisti~ (ZiriTadad, portre256 tuli narkvevebi) da `angariSs abarebs komunisti~, romelic ukavSirdeboda am periodSi partiul krebebze komunistebis piradi angariSebiT gamosvlis kampanias. isev grZeldeboda fsevdodiskusiebi rubrikiT `studia `dialogi~ (1985, 1986). saiubileo gadacemebi mieZRvna fridrix engelsis dabadebis 150 wlisTavs, sergei kirovis dabadebis 100 wlisTavs da sergo orjonikiZis dabadebis 100 wlisTavs (1986). adrindelTan SedarebiT ufro TavSekavebulad aRiniSna 1990 wels leninis 120 wlisTavi, Tumca leninuri Tema sabWoTa xelisuflebis dasrulebamde mainc rCeboda eTerSi. 1985 wlidan aprilis meore kviras sistematurad aRiniSneboda `xsovnis dRe~ — xelisuflebis azriT, igi aRdgomis meore dRes micvalebulTa moxseniebis alternativa unda gamxdariyo da erTgvari antireligiuri daniSnulebac hqonda. 1989 wlidan rubrikas `radiomsmenelebs upasuxeben saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi~ (romelic 1984 wlidan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 25 wuTis moculobiT) forma Seecvala da ewoda `qveynebi da kontinentebi~. 1985-1987 wlebSi tradiciulad yovelTviurad gadaicemoda radioJurnali `Solti~, romelsac satirisa da iumoris redaqcia amzadebda. saerTo jamSi, igi 25 weli iyo eTerSi. garda amisa, 1985-1986 wlebSi drodadro gadaicemoda kritikuli rubrikebi: `momxveWeloba muSaTa samsjavroze~, `negatiuri movlenebi socializmis antipodia~ da sxv. periodulad ewyoboda radiomsmenelTa Sexvedrebi samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebTan (magaliTad, rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis muSebis Sexvedra Sinagan saqmeTa ministrTan 1985 wlis 8 ianvars da Sexvedra respublikis prokurorTan imave wlis 8 Tebervals). 1985-1989 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani samarTlebrivi programis `adamianisa da kanonis~ gadacema, romelic 1969 wlidan arsebobda (wamyvanebi — dimitri lobJaniZe da lili maisuraZe). 1990 wlidan igi yovelkvireuli gaxda. es gasagebicaa, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom gardaqmna, pirvel yovlisa, samoqalaqo, samarTlebrivi saxelmwifos Camoyalibebas gulisxmobda. programis mTavari daniSnuleba iyo samarTlebrivi normebisa da kanonproeqtebis propa257 ganda, samarTaldarRvevebis SemTxvevebis gaSuqeba. studiaSi mowveuli samarTaldamcavi organoebis warmomadgenlebi saubrobdnen saxelmwifoebriv institutebSi arsebul kanondarRvevebze, respublikaSi momxdar danaSaulTa Sesaxeb da a.S. 1990 wlis bolomde kvlav iyo eTerSi yovelkvireuli rusulenovani radioJurnali `Tbilisi, baqo, erevani~, romelsac rigrigobiT amzadebdnen saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da azerbaijanis radiostudiebi da erTdroulad gadaicemoda samive respublikis msmenelebisaTvis. 1985-1990 wlebSi aseve grZeldeboda gadacema meore rusulenovani Jurnalisa `sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~. 1991 wlidan arc erTi aRar iyo eTerSi, magram maT Seenacvla axali rusulenovani programebi `speqtri~ da `orbita~. yovelkvireuli programa `speqtri~ gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT, exeboda qveynis politikur, socialur-ekonomikur da kulturul movlenebs. programis mudmivi rubrika `politikuri dRiuri~ msmenelebs awvdida operatiul politikur informacias. gadacemaSi xSirad kiTxulobdnen Jurnal `literaturnaia gruziadan~ amokrebil masalebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda Cveni qveynisa da ruseTis rogorc politikur, ise ekonomikur da kulturul urTierTobebs. programa mzaddeboda gacvliTi gadacemebis redaqciaSi. 45-wuTiani `orbita~ gadaicemoda TveSi erTxel. faqtobrivad igi `Tbilisi, baqo, erevanis~ axal variants warmoadgenda da erTdroulad gadaicemoda samive respublikaSi (avtori da wamyvani nataSa mdivani). `orbitaSi~ mimoixilavdnen erTi Tvis manZilze saqarTveloSi momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebs — studiaSi iwvevdnen politikosebs, ekonomistebs, saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebs, politologebs da a.S. man mxolod 1991 wlis bolomde iarseba da roca sabolood gaformda sabWoTa kavSiris daSla, Sewyda respublikis radiostudiebs Soris programebis gacvlac. propagandis mTavar Temebad kvlav rCeboda skkp yriloba da sxvadasxva saiubileo TariRi Tu mimdinare politikuri RonisZieba. magaliTad, 1986 wlis 21-24 Tebervals, skkp 27-e yrilobis Sesaxvedrad (igi 28 Tebervals gaixsna) moewyo Tematuri radiodReebi: `industriuli saqarTvelo~, `saqarTve258 los agromrewvi~, `saqarTvelos mecniereba~, `saqarTvelos kultura da xelovneba~. isic niSandoblivia, rom radioprogramirebis es Zveli forma ukanasknelad 20 wlis win, 1966 wels iyo eTerSi (maSin igi skkp 23-e yrilobas eZRvneboda). aseve reliqtur formas warmoadgenda radiokonferencia 1987 wlis 14-20 aprils, romelzec ukve Catarebuli skkp 27-e yrilobis masalebi ganixileboda (sul Svidi 25-wuTiani gadacema). ufro adre kidev erTi Teoriuli radiokonferencia mieZRvna gardaqmnis periodSi qveyanaSi mimdinare demokratizaciis process — 1986 wlis 19-26 maisis kviraSi yoveldRiurad eTerSi iyo TiTo 25-wuTiani gadacema. Cveuli stiliT gaSuqda XIX sakavSiro partiuli konferencia (1988w.). Seiqmna rubrikebi: `XIX sakavSiro partkonferenciis Sesaxvedrad~, `partkonferenciis tribuna~, `sakavSiro XIX partkonferencia~, `XIX partkonferencia: problemebi, amocanebi~, `partkonferencia da Cven~, `partkonferenciis kursiT~ da sxv. didi oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis 70 wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT 1987 wlis ianvridan yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda radiokompoziciis formis naxevarsaaTiani cikli `Sen axali saqarTvelo gqviano~ (mogvianebiT mas `mamuli Cemi~ ewoda). adrindeli msgavsi ciklebisagan igi mxolod imiT gansxvavdeboda, rom geografiuli ki ara, Tematuri principiT iyo agebuli — asaxavda sabWoTa saqarTvelos warmatebebs ekonomikis, socialuri cxovrebis, kulturis sxvadasxva sferoSi. amave TariRs mieZRvna `megobrobis radiofestivali~ — gaimarTa ukrainis, azerbaijanis, moldaveTis, belorusiis, estoneTis, latviis, uzbekeTisa da tajikeTis radiodReebi (mokavSire respublikebis radiostudiebidan miRebuli da qarTulad Targmnili masalebis mixedviT). tradiciul rubrikad darCa `deputatobis kandidatebi~, romelic yovelTvis gamoCndeboda xolme radios eTerSi umaRlesi sabWos arCevnebamde 1-2 TviT adre. ZiriTadad es iyo trafaretuli narkvevebis seria da masSi yvelaferze iyo saubari deputatis poziciisa da programis garda (rac mas arc sWirdeboda, radgan parlamenti erTpartiul sabWoTa saxelmwifoSi formalur struqturas warmoadgenda). 1985 259 wels, magaliTad, am rubrikiT ianvarSi 14 da TebervalSi 13 narkvevi gadaica (Tavad arCevnebi martSi gaimarTa). gardaqmnis wlebSi mas daemata oriode gadacema: `deputatobis kandidatis platforma~ (1989, 6.03 — rogorc iqna, platformac axsenes), `deputatTa yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~ (1989, 15.03) da cikli `saxalxo deputatis tribuna~ (1989). mdgomareoba ramdenadme Seicvala mxolod gardaqmnis bolo wlebSi, roca xelisuflebam dasaSvebad miiCnia arCevnebze alternatiuli kandidatebis wamoyeneba. 1990 wlis seqtember-oqtomberSi moewyo ramdenime gadacema saqarTveloSi pirveli mravalpartiuli arCevnebis Sesaxeb. 24 seqtembridan 22 oqtombris CaTvliT ki eTerSi iyo yovelkvireuli 15-wuTiani rubrika `saqarTvelos centralur saarCevno komisiaSi~. gardaqmnis bolo periodSi sazogadoebriv-politikuri mauwyebloba ufro operatiuli gaxda, uSualod daukavSirda mimdinare movlenebs. 1991 wels amgvari gadacemebis momzadebis pirveli cda iyo erTsaaTiani programa `dro da movaleoba~. igi gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel da monacvleobiT uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: gulnaz gelovani (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), magda mkervali, lia wiklauri. programa mravalTemiani da mravalJanriani iyo — asaxavda politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri, kulturuli cxovrebis siaxleebs, sazRvargareTis axal ambebs da a.S. drodadro masSi saubrobdnen religiur Temebzec, studiaSi iwvevdnen sasuliero pirebs, aRniSnavdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebs. calke unda gamoiyos mxatvrul-publicisturi radioarxi `TanagrZnoba~, romelic 1989 wels Seiqmna `saqarTvelos usinaTloTa sazogadoebis gamgeobis prezidiumis TxovniTa da dafinansebiT~. igi pirvelad 25 marts gavida eTerSi, magram male gascda usinaTloTa auditoriis sazRvrebs da farTo sazogadoebis didi interesi da mowoneba daimsaxura. am erTsaaTian personalur gadacemas, romelsac SesaniSnavi radioJurnalisti medea gegeSiZe amzadebda, specialuri moralur-zneobrivi programis pretenzia ara hqonia, magram Tavisi arsiT (SemTxveviT ar uwodebiaT misTvis `TanagrZnobis arxi~) adamianebis urTierTgagebis, maTi zneobis, rwmenis, keTili cxovrebiseuli principebis damkvidrebas emsaxureboda 260 (sakmarisia davasaxeloT zogierTi rubrika: `mamebi da Svilebi~, `Cven da zneobrioba~, radioklubi `Tvalsazrisi~ da sxva). gardaqmnis wlebSi mauwyeblobis erT-erT ZiriTad mimarTulebad, ra Tqma unda, kvlav rCeboda ekonomikis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba. am sferos saxalxo meurneobis mTavari redaqcia, kerZod, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis redaqciebi ganagebdnen (ufrosi redaqtorebi: dilar jvebenava da lamara esarTia). soflis meurneobis redaqciis tradiciuli rubrika `soflis dila~ 1985-1988 wlebSi yoveldRiurad (SabaT-kviris gamoklebiT) gadaicemoda eTerSi 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da ekonomikis garda socialur da kulturis sakiTxebsac moicavda. 1989 wlidan igi 20-wuTian programad gadakeTda da igive perioduloba SeinarCuna, 1991 wels ki 30 wuTamde gaizarda da daerqva `lile~ (rac albaT ufro erovnul saxelad CaTvales). programa `liles~ uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: dilar jvebenava, zurab maxaraZe, gela zedelaSvili, megi janeliZe, barbare benaSvili. aqtiurad muSaobda gardaqmnis wlebSi mrewvelobis redaqcia, Tumca bevri tradiciuli rubrika isev SemorCa eTerSi: `sameurneo meqanizmi — problemebi, amocanebi~, `xuTwleds damkvreluri Sroma~ (1985), `sasursaTo programa moqmedebaSi~ (1985, 1986); `ekonomika ekonomiuri unda iyos~, `ganvixilavT saxelmwifo sawarmos kanonis proeqts~, Cveni kritikuli gadacemebis kvaldakval~ (1985-1987), `xuTwledis mSenebare obieqtebze~, `megobrebi gviziareben gamocdilebas~, `brigada, efeqtianoba, problemebi~ (1985-1988); `ekonomikuri mimoxilva~ (1985-1991). Tavidan, roca gardaqmnis ekonomikuri politika jer kidev gaurkveveli iyo, dainerga xarisxis saxelmwifo miRebis sistema (sawarmoebSi Seiqmna specialuri sakontrolo jgufebi, romlebic gamoSvebuli produqciis xarisxs amowmebdnen), rasac operatiulad mohyva isev axali radiorubrikebi: `saxelmwifo miReba — xarisxis garantia~ (1986-1988) da `xarisxi da efeqtianoba~ (1986). Semdgom, 1988 wels, Seiqmna yovelkvireuli rubrika `ekonomika, pozicia, gardaqmna~ (1989 wlis meore naxevridan — `ekonomika, gardaqmnis problemebi~), xolo 1990 wels — aseve yovelkvireuli `ekonomikuri gardaqmnis 261 problemebi~, cikli `mTavari mimarTuleba — ekonomikuri marTvis srulyofa~ da sxv. (Zneli saTqmelia, axdenda Tu ara raime zegavlenas aseTi totaluri ekonomikuri propaganda sazogadoebrivi azris Camoyalibebaze — es aravis gamoukvlevia, magram saqarTvelos radios, rogorc komunikatoris mondomeba, namdvilad ar iwvevs eWvs). SesaZlebelia, auditoriis ufro meti interesi gamoewvia saqarTvelos ekonomikuri damoukideblobis sakiTxis ganxilvas, ris saSualebac demokratizaciis procesma Seqmna: `rogor gvesaxeba ekonomikuri damoukidebloba~ (1989, 19. 07), `rogori iqneba damoukidebeli saqarTvelos ekonomika~ (1990. 3. 05), `damoukidebeli saqarTvelos ekonomikuri safuZvlebi~ (1990. 20. 07), `saqarTvelos ekonomikuri damoukideblobisaTvis~ (1990, 12. 10) da sxv. 1991 wels yovelkvireuli rubrika `ekonomika — gardaqmnis problemebi~ programad Camoyalibda da ewoda `ekonomika: Tvalsazrisi, problemebi~ (avtorebi: marika silagaZe da qeTevan TergiaSvili, uZRvebodnen: irine keSelava da qeTevan TergiaSvili). masSi sistematurad iyo rubrikebi: `sabazro ekonomika da kadrebi~, `sabazro ekonomika da adamianis faqtori~, `xarisxi da isev xarisxi~, `biznesi da biznesmenebi~. programaSi CarTuli iyo `studia-dialogi~, sadac mowveuli specialistebi msjelobdnen ekonomikis aqtualur sakiTxebze (biujetis deficiti, bazris problemebi da a.S.). yovelkvireulad mzaddeboda agreTve 15-wuTiani gadacemebi ekonomikur Temaze: `iqmneba sakuTari ekonomikuri sistema~, `saqarTvelos ekonomika da ganviTarebis axali modeli~, `privatizacia, finansebi da samomavlo prognozi~, `ekonomikuri saqmianoba samrewvelo saqmianobidan iwyeba~ da a.S. amave wlis aprilidan pirvelad gavida eTerSi yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani komerciuli radiogazeTi `bumerangi~. igi mzaddeboda sainformacio-musikaluri programebis redaqciaSi, uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: dodo Sonava da lali bziaSvili. `bumerangSi~ mowveuli qarTveli da ucxoeli ekonomistebi Tu biznesmenebi pirdapir eTerSi ganixilavdnen qveynis ekonomikur mdgomareobas, msjelobdnen privatizaciaze, romelic saqarTveloSi maSin iwyeboda da msmenelTa did interess iwvevda — isini aqtiurad erTvebodnen gadacemis 262 msvlelobaSi. programis xSiri stumrebi iyvnen mcire biznesis warmomadgenlebi — sxvadasxva axaldaarsebuli firmebis xelmZRvanelebi, romlebic saubrobdnen TavianT saqmianobaze da reklamas uwevdnen sakuTar nawarms. saerTod, qarTuli produqciis reklama `bumerangis~ erT-erTi ZiriTadi mizani iyo da didi adgili ekava programaSi, calkeul pirebs sakmaod iafad SeeZloT misi meSveobiT saTanado informaciis gavrceleba. 1991 wels xSirad iyo calkeuli gadacemebic ekonomikur Temaze: `ekonomikis aRorZinebis gzebi~ (30. 07), `sabazro ekonomika da problemebi~ (20. 02), `iqmneba sakuTari ekonomikuri sistema~ (20. 03), `reforma, kompensacia, problemebi~ da sxv. saqarTvelos radios mxatvruli mauwyebloba 1985-1991 wlebSi tradiciulad moicavda literaturis, Teatrisa da musikis nawarmoebebs, maT Soris originalursac — radiospeqtaklebs (aqve ganvixilavT agreTve samwerlobo publicistikasac da literaturul-kritikul gadacemebs, romlebsac aseve amzadebdnen literaturuli gadacemebis ganyofilebaSi). am periodSi literaturuli mauwyeblobis bade arsebiTad ar Secvlila — programaSi darCa bevri manamde arsebuli cikli da rubrika, cvlilebebi umTavresad maT Tematikasa da Sinaarss Seexo. kvlav gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `poeti mikrofonTan~ (10 wuTi), da `poezia upirveles yovlisa!~ (5 wuTi), romelic kviraSi samjer radiomsmenelebs acnobda qarTuli da ucxouri poeziis saukeTeso nimuSebs mxatvruli kiTxvis ostatebis SesrulebiT. sxvadasxva periodulobiT eTerSi iyo rubrikebi: `megobroba gzad da xidad~ (1985, 1986), `moZme respublikebis poezia~ (1988), `leqso, nu daikargebi!~ (xalxuri poeziis nimuSebi, 1985-1991). 1990 wels Seiqmna `radiodiqtorTa literaturuli saloni~ — maTi SesrulebiT mzaddeboda literaturul-musikaluri radiokompoziciebi rogorc poeturi, ise prozauli nawarmoebebis mixedviT. prozauli nawarmoebebi agreTve gadaicemoda tradiciuli rubrikiT `literaturuli kiTxva~ (kviraSi 3-4-jer dRis saaTebSi, 20 wuTi). igi moicavda rogorc mxatvrul, ise publicistur da saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis gadacemebsac. magaliTad, 1989 wlis 9-12 ianvars oTxi gadacema daeTmo Teimuraz maRlaferiZis monografias `arCil jorjaZes~. aseve, prozauli nawarmoebebis 263 kiTxvas eTmoboda rubrikebi: `qarTveli mwerlebi xuTwledis mxardamxar~ (1985, 1986), `axali wignebi~ (1985-1987), `axali literaturuli Canawerebi~ (1985-1987), `axali Targmanebi~ (19851989), `moZme respublikebis proza~ (1989). 1988-1991 wlebSi qarTuli klasikuri literaturisa da qarTuli sabWoTa literaturis aRiarebul nawarmoebebs aerTianebda rubrika `Cveni literaturuli memkvidreoba~. met-naklebi periodulobiT funqcionirebda rubrika `mwerali mikrofonTan~, amasTan, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arc avtoriseuli kiTxva Semoifargleboda mxolod mxatvruli nawarmoebebiT. daviT aRmaSeneblis 900 wlisTavis saiubileo periodSi cnobili mwerali da kritikosi jansuR Rvinjilia or-naxevari Tvis manZilze — 1988 wlis noembris Sua ricxvebidan 1989 wlis Tebervlamde — kiTxulobda mikrofonTan Tavis vrcel eseis `suli aRmaSenebeli~ (momzadda daaxloebiT 40-mde gadacema). ra Tqma unda, radioSi aseTi xangrZlivi patriotuli serialis gamoCena bevrad ganapiroba qveyanaSi arsebulma mdgomareobam — erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobam. erovnul Temas daukavSirda saqarTvelos radioSi 1987 wlis ianvar-TebervalSi akaki SaniZis 100 wlisTavis sazeimo aRniSvna da gansakuTrebiT ki ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis 150 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili gadacemebi. saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis pirveli lideris iubilem am periodSi gansakuTrebuli elferi SeiZina. farTod gaSuqda i. WavWavaZis mravalmxrivi sazogadoebrivi da samwerlo moRvaweoba, misi didi gavlena saqarTvelos cxovrebis yvela sferoze, erovnuli cnobierebis aRorZinebasa da Camoyalibebaze. jer kidev 2 wliT adre, 1985 wlis martidan daiwyo gadacemebis cikli `ilia WavWavaZis saiubileod~, xolo 1986 wlis ianvridan Seiqmna rubrika `marad da yvelgan, saqarTvelov, me var SenTana~. am rubrikiT iubilemde 40-ze meti gadacema momzadda (saiubileo saRamos translacia filarmoniis didi darbazidan 23 oqtombers moewyo). inerciiT kvlav ganagrZobda arsebobas 1988 wlis bolomde rubrika `satiris maxviliT~. rogorc wina TavSi aRiniSna, igi ZiriTadad rusulidan Targmnil pamfletebs moicavda da `amaTraxebda~ kapitalistur sinamdviles, magram `gardaq264 mnis~ 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi damokidebuleba am sinamdvilisadmi sagrZnoblad Serbilda da rubrikac gauqmda. samagierod 1991 wlis bolomde gaZlo iumoristulma programam `mxiarul talRaze~ (saerTo jamSi man 28 weli iarseba). 1988 wels mas daemata axali iumoristuli programa `uRimilod nu moismenT~ — TiToeuli maTgani TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. `mxiarul talRaze~ moicavda mxatvrul da dokumentur masalebs. studiaSi modiodnen iumoristi mwerlebi da msaxiobebi, romlebic kiTxulobdnen sasacilo leqsebsa da moTxrobebs. zogjer mTeli programa eZRvneboda romelime erT Temas an pirovnebas. am dros igi gadioda saxelwodebiT — `gTxovT mobrZandeT~. programaSi `uRimilod nu moismenT~ (zogjer mas cvlida `SabaT saRamos~ an `satira da iumori~) CarTuli iyo xalisiani interviuebi da reportaJebi. studiaSi mowveuli cnobili qarTveli parodistebi, komikosi-msaxiobebi, sxva SemoqmedebiTi profesiis adamianebi yvebodnen anekdotebs da sasacilo ambebs Tavisi cxovrebidan, kiTxulobdnen iumoristul nawarmoebebs da a.S. programas hqonda mudmivi rubrikebi: `parodiis parodia~, `mxiaruli kaleidoskopi — ramdenime wuTi RimilisaTvis~ da sxv. 1988 wlis 9 ianvars pirvelad gavida eTerSi axali sazogadoebriv-literaturuli (rogorc acxadebdnen) programa `droeba~. igi drois gamoZaxili, drois moTxovna da, garkveuli azriT, drois produqtic iyo. arc is yofila SemTxveviTi, rom radioprograma imeorebda me-19 saukunis erovnuli mimarTulebis cnobili gazeTis saxelwodebas. qveyanaSi mimdinare demokratizaciis procesma aSkarad warmoaCina socialisturi sazogadoebis mTeli uazroba da uperspeqtivoba, erovnuli moZraoba Zalas ikrebda, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlamde samiode weli iyo darCenili da `droebam~ Tavis miznad daisaxa erovnuli cnobierebis gaRviveba, sazogadoebrivi movlenebis axsna da Sefaseba axali, demokratiuli poziciebidan, rac man ZiriTadad ganaxorciela kidec. qarTuli radioJurnalistikis istoriaSi `droeba~ darCeba rogorc yvelaze mebrZoli publicistur-mxatvruli programa, romelmac Tavisi Tamami gamosvlebiT (igi xSirad uTmobda mikrofons erovnuli moZraobis warmomadgenlebs) xeli Seuwyo erovnul gamof265 xizlebas da saqarTveloSi demokratiuli azrovnebis damkvidrebas. amaSi didi wvlili miuZRvis literaturuli redaqciis mTel koleqtivs: zurab kandelaks, Tamaz xmalaZes, maia wereTels, zina mWedlurs, nana amiranaSvils da sxv. weliwad-naxevari `droeba~ gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs, Tormet saaTze, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. 1989 wlis meore naxevridan man erTi saaTi daikava paraskevs, 18 saaTze da meordeboda SabaTs, 10 saaTze, iTvleboda saqarTvelos radios erT-erT yvelaze popularul programad. `droebis~ warmatebas da avtoritets didad ganapirobebda samwerlo publicistika. tradiciulad qarTveli mwerlebi met-naklebi periodulobiT, magram sistematurad exmaurebodnen cxovrebis aqtualur movlenebs. grZeldeboda cikli `mwerali da cxovreba~. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 1991 wlis mais-ivnisSi am ciklis 7 gadacema saerTo saxelwodebiT `mduRare mdinare~ (mikrofonTan mwerali merab elioziSvili). gardaqmnis procesebis ganviTarebam axali imedebi warmoSva da bevri mwerali aqtiurad monawileobda ara marto `droebaSi~, aramed calkeul gadacemebsac amzadebda. auditoriis didi interesi gamoiwvia mwerlebis publicisturma gamosvlebma: `qarTuli mwerloba da gardaqmnis problemebi~ (studiaSi guram fanjikiZe da elizbar javeliZe — 1987, 22.06), `gardaqmnis procesi perspeqtivaa~ (jansuR Rvinjilia — 1988, 27.06), `monologi dialogidan~ (oTar WilaZe — 1988, 6,13.03), `dialogi akaki baqraZesTan~ (1988, 21.03), `dialogi muxran maWavarianTan~ (1989, 12.04) da sxv. saerTod, rubrika `dialogi mweralTan~, romelic 1988 wels Seiqmna, warmatebuli nabiji iyo qarTul radiopublicistikaSi (SesaZloa, amanac ganapiroba mogvianebiT literaturul-publicisturi rubrikis `literatura da sxva~ warmoSoba, romelic aseve studiaSi mowveul pirTan Jurnalistis dialogs emyareboda). maRali profesionalizmiT gamoirCeoda yovelkvireuli rubrika `publicistis sityva~, romelic cnobili qarTveli mwerlebis gamosvlebs moicavda. gamosvlebi seriuli xasiaTisa iyo da TiToeuli ramdenime kviras grZeldeboda. 1989 wels, magaliTad, am rubrikiT gamovidnen Tamaz WilaZe, vano CxikvaZe, Tedo beqiSvili, jansuR Rvinjilia, merab elioziS266 vili da sxv. aseve, unda aRiniSnos jansuR Rvinjilias publicisturi seriali `uRmerTobis xana~ ciklidan `qarTveli kacis sinamdvile~, romelic 1991 wlis ianvar-maisSi gadaica (5 gadacema). 1988-1991 wlebSi isev ganaxlda 1981-1984 wlebis popularuli cikli `zneobrioba da qarTuli mwerloba~. eTerSi gavida 16 gadacema, maT Soris gadacema g. asaTianis wignidan `saTaveebTan~ da a. baqraZis werilebi `zneobrivi gmiri~ da `patiosneba~. Tumca cikli literaturul-kritikuli xasiaTisa iyo, mas didi publicisturi datvirTvac hqonda. aseve, mxolod literaturuli daniSnuleba ar hqonia prof. levan menabdis saavtoro cikls `rusTaveli msoflio literaturaSi~, romelic 1984 wels daiwyo da 1985-1986 wlebSic grZeldeboda. mxatvrul-publicistur mimarTulebas warmoadgenda agreTve narkvevebi Tu radiokompoziciebi mwerlebsa da xelovnebis sxva dargebis moRvaweebze, rac saqarTvelos radioSi didi xnidan iRebs saTaves da am wlebSiac grZeldeboda. magaliTad, 1989 wlis 6 agvistos rubrika `SemoqmedebiTi portretebi~ daeTmo msaxiob akaki vasaZes, 1991 wlis 24 ivniss cikliT `dabrunebuli saxelebi~ naxevarsaaTiani gadacema mieZRvna mweral grigol robaqiZes. kvlav gadaicemoda SesaniSnavi radioJurnalistis lamara kikilaSvilis saavtoro cikli `gauxunar ferTa eqo~, romelic iSviaTi Canawerebis fondis unikalur masalebs emyareboda da marTlac gauxunar da waruval Rirebulebebze esaubreboda radiomsmenelebs. 1991 wels am cikliT gadaica: 26 ivniss — pavle ingoroyvas xmis Canawerebi, 11 ivliss — geronti qiqoZis xmis Canawerebi, 28 agvistos — levan goTuas xmis Canawerebi (ase cxaddeboda nabeWd programaSic). dramatulma mauwyeblobam 1985-1991 wlebSi wina periodSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela rubrika SeinarCuna. yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi `Teatri mikrofonTan~ (dramatuli da saopero speqtaklebis pirdapiri translaciebi an satranslacio Canawerebi), `scenis ostatebi~ (10 wT.), `scenebi speqtaklebidan~ (sxvadasxva qronometraJiT) da a.S. magram igrZnoboda iseTi gadacemis saWiroeba, romelic qarTuli Teatris Tanamedrove mdgomareobas, mis problemebs ganixilavda. am mizniT 1986 wels Seiqmna programa `Teatri da cxovreba~, romelic 267 1990 wlis bolomde TveSi erTxel gadaicemoda 1 saaTis moculobiT. programa Seicavda reportaJebs Teatraluri movlenebis Sesaxeb, interviuebs Teatris moRvaweebTan, Teatrmcodneebis, reJisorebis, msaxiobebis gamosvlebs, recenziebs, nawyvetebs speqtaklebidan da a.S. (avtorebi: Sovina qacarava da manana TevzaZe). 1991 wlidan programa 2-saaTiani gaxda — gaizarda gadacemaSi speqtaklis Canawerebis wili. 1990 wels amave mizniT kinoxelovnebis Sesaxeb Seiqmna erTsaaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `kino sxvadasxva rakursiT~ (avtori l. ZiZiguri). 1985-1991 wlebSi intensiurad viTardeboda qarTuli radioTeatri, iqmneboda axali radiospeqtaklebi da sistematurad amdidrebda kviris programas. grZeldeboda Zveli tradicia da 1987 wlis ianvar-oqtomberSi didi oqtombris socialisturi revoluciis 70 wlisTavisaTvis moewyo radiodadgmebis festivali. qarTuli radioTeatri xelovnebis TviTmyofad da maRalprofesiul mimarTulebad Camoyalibda. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos radios mTavari reJisorisa da mravali radiospeqtaklis damdgmelis zurab kandelakis warmateba. misma saavtoro radiospeqtaklma `bevri ram aris horacio...~ 1991 wels radiospeqtaklebis pirvel sakavSiro festivalze moskovSi mTavari prizi daimsaxura. dramatuli, saopero da radiospeqtaklebis programaSi damkvidreba ukavSirdeba radios audiofonds, romelic aRniSnul periodSic sakmaod aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda mauwyeblobis gasamdidreblad. 1987 wlis bolomde ganagrZobda arsebobas rubrika `Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebi~, aseve grZeldeboda rubrikebi: `radios fondidan~ (literaturuli Canawerebi) da `arqivis fondebidan~ (am rubrikiT, magaliTad, 1988 wlis 24 ivliss gadaica ivane javaxiSvilis, xolo 16 seqtembers simon Ciqovanis audioCanawerebi). `Cveni iSviaTi Canawerebi~ yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. aqedan yovelTviurad ori SabaTi dadgmebsa da literaturul Canawerebs eTmoboda, danarCeni ori ki — musikas (aRar gavagrZelebT imaze msjelobas, rom pirdapiri translaciebis gamoklebiT mTeli musikaluri mauwyebloba radios audiofondSi Senaxul Canawerebzea damyarebuli). 268 1985 wels yovel kviradRes momavali kviris musikalur programas anonsis saxiT acnobda radiomsmenelebs mimoxilvis formis `musikaluri radioafiSa~. grZeldeboda tradiciuli rubrikebi klasikuri da Tanamedrove musikis Sesaxeb: `gamoCenili qarTveli musikos-Semsruleblebi~ (1985), `gamoCenili musikos-Semsruleblebi~ (1985-1991), `msoflios musikaluri xelovnebis saganZuridan~ (1985-1991), `Cveni axali Canawerebi~ (1985-1991, rogorc qarTuli, ise sazRvargareTuli musikis), prof. nodar andRulaZis saavtoro programa `msoflios saopero scenis varskvlavebi~ (1985, 1988-1991), `axalgazrdebis Semoqmedeba~ (1985-1991). 1990 wels Seiqmna rubrikebi: `XX saukunis musikis panorama~ da `musika da Tanamedroveoba~ (avtori — marika CijavaZe). 1991 wels ki pirvelad gavida eTerSi yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani rubrika `50 opera~ da programa `saSemsruleblo xelovneba — fenomenebi, virtuozebi~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda gamoCenil pianistebs, meviolineebs, diriJorebs da a.S. `iuneskos~ gadawyvetilebiT 1991 weli gamocxadda mocartis wlad (Sesrulda misi dabadebis 235 da gardacvalebis 200 wlisTavi). amasTan dakavSirebiT musikaluri redaqcia TveSi orjer, kviradReobiT, gadascemda radios iSviaTi Canawerebis fondSi dacul mocartis nawarmoebebs: operebs, simfoniuri, instrumentuli da kameruli musikis koncertebs, safortepiano nawarmoebebs. radiom srulad gaaSuqa agreTve am periodSi mowyobili ori musikaluri festivali: `biWvinTis festivali — `Ramis serenadebi~ (1988) da `Telavis musikaluri Semodgoma~ — `qeba vazisa~ (1989). gardaqmnis procesi ufro metad Seexo saestrado da msubuqi musikis programebs. bevri forma Tu mimarTuleba (anda Semsrulebeli), romelic manamde, rbilad rom vTqvaT, `rekomendebuli ar iyo~, farTod warmoCinda eTerSi (dRes SeiZleba sasaciloa, magram 70-iani wlebis meore naxevramde radios zogierT xelmZRvanels `biTlzi~ salanZRav sityvad miaCnda, 1977 wels ki TbilisSi stumrad myofma erTma moskovelma akademikosma, romelmac SemTxveviT satelevizio gadacema `estrada da Tanamedroveoba~ naxa, partiis centralur komitetSi aRSfoTebuli werili gagzavna — sabWoTa axalgazrdobas ryvniano — da televiziis musikaluri programebis mTavar re269 daqtors sastiki sayveduri gamoucxades). saestrado musikis rubrikebis erTi nawili 1985-1991 wlebSic ganagrZobda arsebobas. 1989 wlis bolomde — oci weli iyo eTerSi `dilis koncerti~, romelic xuTSabaTisa da kviradRis garda yoveldRe gadaicemoda 7 saaTsa da 30 wuTze. 13 weli — 1991 wlis bolomde, paraskevisa da kviris garda, 18.10-dan 19.00-mde yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi `melodia, ritmi, ganwyobileba~. 1985-1987 wlebSi kviraSi oTxi dRe ekava rubrikas `melodiidan melodiamde~ (bolos mas `qarTuli estradis melodiebi~ ewoda). 1985-1990 wlebSi maT daemata yovelkvireuli `musikaluri kinokaleidoskopi~, Semdeg ki Ramis programebi: 1990 wlis maisidan — `roki naSuaRamevs~ (yovel kviradRes, 24 saaTze — wamyvani darejan guliaSvili) da dekembridan — `jazis saaTi~ (yovel paraskevs, 24 saaTze — wamyvani gela leJava). 1991 wels Seiqmna koncerti-saubris formis gadacema `Tqveni diskoTekisaTvis~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi moicavda saestrado da msubuqi musikis nawarmoebebs. TiToeuli gamoSveba eZRvneboda romelime momRerals an musikalur jgufs. wamyvani darejan guliaSvili auditorias mouTxrobda maT cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, asmeninebda maT mier Sesrulebul simRerebs da a.S. igi uZRveboda agreTve programas `roki — smoki da...~, romelsac enacvleboda `koncerti eqvs saaTze~ (erTgvari winamorbedi musikaluri gadacemisa `alo, gismenT 59 da 9~ — wamyvanebi: manana xvedeliZe, giorgi Tofuria, vaxtang babunaSvili, nana SalikaSvili, jimSer iaSvili). 1985-1991 wlebSi aseve grZeldeboda xalxuri Semoqmedebis tradiciuli koncertebis gadacema: `qarTuli xalxuri musika~, `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, `qalaquri hangebi~, msoflios sxvadasxva xalxTa musika da simRerebi da a.S. 19851989 wlebSi yovel diliT gadaicemoda `Cveni mTa-baris hangebi~, 1989 wels kvira diliT — `koncerti soflis meurneobis muSakTaTvis~ (Sereuli xasiaTis) da sxv. aseve grZeldeboda 1990 wlis bolomde kviradReobiT `megobrobis koncertis~ rigrigobiT gadacema Tbilisidan, baqodan da erevnidan, `koncerti radiomsmenelTa TxovniT~, radiomimoxilva: `Tbilisis sakoncerto darbazebsa da Teatreb270 Si~, radioJurnali `Cangi~, romelic mimoixilavda ganvlili Tvis musikaluri cxovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs. bevri tradiciuli rubrika SemorCa 1985-1991 wlebSi saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas. aseve tradiciulad, saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba mWidrod ukavSirdeboda samecniero publicistikas — samecniero-popularuli codnis gavrcelebasTan erTad sistematuri yuradReba eqceoda mimdinare samecniero cxovrebas, mecnierebis aqtualuri problemebis ganxilvas, mecnieruli miRwevebis warmoebaSi danergvas da a.S. aseTi ormagi daniSnulebis TvalsaCino dadastureba iyo yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani radioJurnali `mecnierebisa da teqnikis samyaroSi~, romelsac 1988 wlidan `mecniereba da teqnikuri progresi~ ewoda. 1991 wlidan igi 20-wuTiani gaxda da yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi — uxvad iZleoda informacias saqarTvelos mecnierTa miRwevebze, axal gamogonebebze, warmoebaSi mecnierul siaxleTa danergvaze, saxalxo meurneobis kompiuterizaciaze, respublikaSi mcire hesebis mSeneblobaze da sxv. (avtorebi: mTavari redaqtoris moadgile nanuli WavWaniZe da redaqtori irine keSelava). aseve, 80-iani wlebis bolomde gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `mecnieri mikrofonTan~, `Sexvedra mecnierTan~, `mecnierebi mrgval magidasTan~, `mecnierebis horizontebi~ da sxv. wina wlebTan SedarebiT ufro aqtualuri gaxda ekologiis Tema. 1985 wels ganaxlda rubrika `adamiani da garemo~, romelic 1987-1991 wlebSi TiTqmis yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 15-20 wuTis moculobiT (wamyvani barbare benaSvili). igi, wminda saganmanaTleblo informaciis garda, reportaJebs, korespondenciebsa da narkvevebsac Seicavda (magaliTad, saqarTvelos nakrZalebze, bunebis dacvis muSakebis saqmianobaze da a.S.). 1991 wels mas daemata `ekologiuri radioprogramis~ ramdenime gamoSvebac (20 wuTi). isev iyo eTerSi ukve 20 wlis istoriis mqone yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani radioJurnali `janmrTeloba~ (wamyvanebi — gulnara arobeliZe da asmaT barsoniZe), romelic 1988 wlidan 20 wuTamde Semcirda da yovelkvireuli gaxda — igi praqtikul samedicino rCevebTan erTad publicistur masalebsac moicavda janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebze. wminda saganma271 naTleblo xasiaTisa iyo rubrika `janmrTeli rom viyoT~, romelic specialistebs eTmoboda. 1987 wlis CaTvliT igi sxvadasxva periodulobiT gadaicemoda, 1988 wlidan ki — yovelkvireulad (10-15 wuTi). ZiriTadad saganmanaTleblo xasiaTi hqonda yovelkvireul 15-wuTian rubrikas `sadReiso Temaze~ (1991 weli), romelSic Tavs iyrida erTTemiani gadacemebi sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT: `kanoni da sazogadoeba~, `saarCevno komisiaSi~, `centralur saarCevno komisiaSi~ da a.S. isini msmenelebs acnobdnen sazogadoebis interesebis dacvis samarTlebriv gzebs, adamianis uflebaTa xelSeuxeblobis principebs da sxv. studiaSi mowveuli specialistebi pasuxobdnen msmenelTa SekiTxvebs, aZlevdnen maT rCeva-darigebebs (wamyvani — vaxtang dvali). publicisturTan erTad saganmanaTleblo da utilitaruli datvirTva hqonda programebs `maTTvis, vinc gzaSia~ (wamyvani — zezva zviadauri) da `mxolod qalebisaTvis~, romelsac `pikis saaTis~ saredaqcio jgufi amzadebda (nana jafariZe, marika darCia, manana laWyepiani, irine marRania, nino zautaSvili, nino ramiSvili) — orive maTgans 1991 wels Caeyara safuZveli. rogorc vxedavT, `pikis saaTis~ avtorebi mxolod operatiuli informaciiT aRar Semoifarglebian. garda am programisa da zemoaRniSnuli `bumerangisa~, 1991 wlidan maTi egidiT gadioda eTerSi mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo programa `kviraZals~ (avtori da wamyvani qeTevan sadRobelaSvili). ra Tqma unda, Tavisi adgili hqonda daTmobili socialur-aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis saganmanaTleblo gadacemebs. 1987 wlamde iyo eTerSi `didebi da patarebi~, 1988 wlidan mas daemata rubrika `aRvuzardoT mamulsa Svili~. kvlav aqtiurad emsaxureboda radiomsmenelebis (gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda Taobis) patriotul aRzrdas mweral vaxtang WeliZis saganmanaTleblo cikli `saqarTvelos istoria — gmirebi da movlenebi~ (yovel kviras, 25-30 wuTi). garda amisa, 1991 wels yovelkvireulad eTerSi iyo naxevarsaaTiani seriuli gadacema saqarTvelos istoriis sxvadasxva periodze. magaliTad, jer gadaicemoda `cxovreba solomon meorisa~ (avtori — viqtor qoriZe), xolo 22 aprilidan daiwyo axali Tema — `saqarTvelos kultura 1918-1921 wlebSi~. 272 1991 wlis maisSi eTerSi pirvelad gavida Tamaz xmalaZis yovelkvireuli saavtoro programa `enai Semkuli da kurTxeuli~ (45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT). igi ukavSirdeboda qarTuli enis, rogorc saxelmwifo enis, statusis amaRlebas, mis dRevandel mdgomareobas, ganixilavda misi rogorc mecnieruli Seswavlis, ise praqtikuli gamoyenebis problemebs. rac Seexeba wminda saswavlo daniSnulebis gadacemebs, saqarTvelos radio 60-iani wlebidan am mxriv didi mravalferovnebiT ar gamoirCeoda (es funqcia televiziam aiRo Tavis Tavze gansakuTrebiT intensiurad 70-iani wlebis more naxevridan). grZeldeboda erTaderTi saswavlo cikli — `rusuli enis SemswavlelTaTvis~ (yovel kviras, 20 wuTi), romelsac 1989 wels daemata aseve yovelkvireuli 35-wuTiani cikli `visac qarTuli enis Seswavla surs~ (Tumca am periodulobiT enis Seswavla saeWvo Cans da ufro valis mosaxdeladaa programaSi Casmuli). saswavlo TvalsazrisiT ufro realuri iyo cikli `visac inglisuri enis Seswavla surs~. mas sabavSvo redaqcia amzadebda da yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda eTerSi, garda kviradRisa, adrian diliT, 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, gvian saRamos ki meordeboda. rogorc adre aRvniSneT, gardaqmnis bolo wlebSi, roca cenzura gauqmda, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi tabu moexsna religiur Temas. es Tavdapirvelad gamoixata calkeuli gadacemebiTa da didi saeklesio dResaswaulebis translaciiT, 1991 wlidan ki pirvelad gavida eTerSi naxevarsaaTiani religiuri programa `mwyemsi keTili~ (avtori — TinaTin kobalaZe, wamyvani — TinaTin elbaqiZe). Semdeg igi yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programis upirveles mizans Seadgenda religiuri codnis gavrceleba, rac 70 wlis manZilze akrZaluli iyo, da saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebluri rwmenis aRorZineba. SemdegSi es Tema saqarTvelos radioSi kidev ufro gafarTovda, magram am mokrZalebul dasawyiss ukve udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda — ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom es xdeboda aTeistur saxelmwifoSi, saqarTvelo jer kidev sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi imyofeboda. gardaqmnis procesebma SesamCnevi gavlena iqonia sabavSvo da axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaze. marTalia es gavlena sakma273 od neli tempiT Zlierdeboda (ise, rogorc saerTod radioSi, rasac zemoT aRniSnuli mizezebi ganapirobebda), magram TandaTan icvleboda aRzrdis is orientirebi, romlebic mauwyeblobis am sferoSi aTeuli wlebis manZilze uryevad iyo miCneuli (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs komunisturi aRzrdis funqciebi da meTodebi). Tumca bevri sabavSo rubrika 1985-1991 wlebSi isev rCeboda programaSi, maTi Tematika da ideuri mimarTuleba garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida. ra Tqma unda, es naklebad Seexo iseT rubrikebs, rogoricaa: `radiosadguri cicinaTela~, `Zilispiruli~, `mogzauroba codnis samyaroSi~, radiomimoxilva `norCi leninelis furclebze~ (romelic 1985 wels Sewyda), anda `koncerti ymawvilTaTvis~ Tu `musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis~. magram TandaTan gansxvavebuli xasiaTisa gaxda: `wignis Taro~ (1985-1991), `wignis samyaroSi~ (1989), `Seni bavSvobis Tanamgzavri~ (1985-1989), `mwerali, romelsac unda icnobdeT~ (1985-1989) da gansakuTrebiT: `radiosadguri — `siymawvilis Tanamgzavri~ (1985-1988), `yvelas safiqrali da sazrunavi (1985-1991), `sadiskusio radioklubi — Cveni cxovrebis anbani~ (1987). am periodSi erTgvar nonsenss warmoadgenda radiogazeTi `saqarTvelos pioneri~, sadac bavSvebi, rogorc wesi, ufrosebis mier cudad daweril (yalb, paTetikur) teqstebs kiTxulobdnen, xolo `norCi diqtorebis~ ena arafriT gansxvavdeboda oficialuri cnobebis enisagan. es mdgomareoba sabolood Seicvala mxolod 1989 wels, roca `saqarTvelos pioneris~ sakvirao gamoSvebis nacvlad Seiqmna saymawvilo programa `cxra-naxevari~ (igi diliT, 9 saaTsa da 30 wuTze gadaicemoda). `cxra-naxevari~ naklebad politizebuli, publicistur-saganmanaTleblo programa iyo, uamrav saintereso informacias Seicavda da, rac mTavaria, mas redaqtorebi (Jurnalistebi lali WaniSvili, dodo iaSvili) uZRvebodnen, romlebic eTerSi esaubrebodnen bavSvebs Tu ufrosebs da mTel gadacemas improvizaciul xasiaTs aZlevdnen. 1990 wels `saqarTvelos pioneris~ ori danarCeni gamoSvebac gauqmda da maTi adgili daikava saymawvilo publicisturma programam `dila mSvidobisa!~ (`saqarTvelos pioneri~ erTaderTi radiogazeTi iyo ukanaskneli 12 wlis manZilze da mis gauqmebasTan erTad mauwyeb274 lobis es moZvelebuli formac sabolood gaqra saqarTvelos radios programidan). `dila mSvidobisa!~ yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvanebi — irma xarSilaZe, rusudan varZiaSvili). masSi ganixileboda skolis cxovrebis sxvadasxva aspeqti, CarTuli iyo interviuebi moswavleebTan, romlebic saubrobdnen saswavlo sagnebze, maswavleblebTan urTierTobaze, gamocdebze, ardadegebze da sxv. gadaicemoda reportaJebi respublikis sxvadasxva skolidan. rubrikaSi `gacnoba~ stumrad iwvevdnen norC Semoqmedebs da a.S. 1991 wels met-naklebi periodulobiT, magram mainc grZeldeboda gadacema wina wlebis rubrikisa `mozardi — yvelas safiqrali da sazrunavi~ (avtori da wamyvani — durmiSxan grigolaSvili). masSi ganixilavdnen im mizezebs, romlebic ubiZgebda bavSvebs danaSaulis Cadenisaken, msjelobdnen, ra unda gaekeTebina sazogadoebas mozardis gadasarCenad. studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen sasuliero pirs, romelic saubrobda damnaSave bavSvebis gamosworebis gzebze (rubrikebi: `saubrebi berebTan~, `monasteri da danaSaulis profilaqtika~ da sxv.). saerTod, am periodidan sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi Tavis adgils ikavebs religiuri Tematikac — 1991 wels cikliT `vkiTxulobT axal aRTqmas~ 12 gadacema moewyo. ramdenadme gafarTovda erovnuli Tematikac, Seiqmna rubrikebi: `ras gviambobs istoria (1985), `moviare saqarTvelo~ (1987), `saqarTvelos istoriis qronikebi~ (1990), saganmanaTleblo-publicisturi gadacema: `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~(1990, 28.09). sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi TiTqmis ar yofila saubari Tavad gardaqmnis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, SesaZlebelia imitomac, rom demokratizaciis procesSi propagandaze Sexedulebebic Seicvala da saWirod aRar CaiTvala bavSvebisaTvis yvela politikuri movlenis axsna-ganmarteba. am Temas mieZRvna mxolod erTi gadacema `sajaroobis gakveTilebi~ (1988, 8.01). es miT ufro SesamCnevia, rom sabavSvo redaqcia specialuri rubrikebiT yovelTvis exmaureboda mimdinare politikur movlenebs. gardaqmnis pirvel wlebSic ki iyo SemorCenili aseTi rubrikebi: `meridiani — me-11 xuTwledi~ (1985) da `meridiani — me-12 xuTwledi~ (1986). 275 saerTod, sagrZnobia kursis Secvla politikidan ganaTlebisaken, zogadsakacobrio kulturuli Rirebulebebis gacnobisaken. 1985-1987 wlebSi sistematurad iyo eTerSi cikli — `kompiuteri azrovnebs, kompiuteri moqmedebs~. 1991 wels Seiqmna rubrika `gza mSvenierebisaken~, romelsac male ewoda `cxovreba xelovnebaSi~. es iyo 30-wuTiani radiokompoziciebi, romlebic eZRvneboda xelovnebas — mxatvrebsa da moqandakeebs: `marto iyo da marto xatavda — firosmani~, `lado gudiaSvili~, `ogiust rodeni~, `peter paul rubensi~ da sxv. (avtori anzor gelaSvili). bolo 30 wlis manZilze sabavSvo redaqcias ar hqonia arc erTi saswavlo xasiaTis gadacema anda cikli, romelic ramdenadme mainc ukavSirdeboda saskolo programas. erTaderTi aseTi cikli aRmoCnda `saubrebi uaxles qarTul literaturaze~, romelic 1989 wlis oqtombridan 1990 wlis pirveli naxevris CaTvliT yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 20-25 wuTis moculobiT. cikls uZRveboda kritikosi da publicisti nodar grigalaSvili (safiqrebelia, rom saqarTvelos radios programaSi aseTi gadacemis gamoCena swored skolaSi uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis axleburad swavlis aucileblobiT iyo gamowveuli). rogorc aRvniSneT, pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis dros sabavSvo da axalgazrdulma mauwyeblobam garkveuli organizaciuli cvlilebebic ganicada — 1991 wels ori damoukidebeli mTavari redaqcia isev gaerTianda erT mTavar redaqciad da ewoda sabavSvo da axalgazrduli programebis mTavari redaqcia. am periodSi sabavSvo mauwyeblobas daemata axali TanamSromlebi: rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe, axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas ki — manana laWyepiani, nino kvaracxelia, Tamar kikvaZe, mzia gogniaSvili, giorgi leoniZe, lali daTukiSvili, marine andronikaSvili, maia krawaSvili. rogorc sabavSvo mauwyeblobas, ise, axalgazrdul mauwyeblobasac 1985-1991 wlebSi bevri tradiciuli rubrika SemorCa. es umTavresad imiT aris ganpirobebuli, rom, rogorc adre aRvniSneT, ZiriTadi gardaqmnebi teleradiokomitetSi 70-iani wlebis meore naxevridan iwyeba da am periodSi mxolod zogierTi mimarTulebis koreqtireba xdeba. 276 isev iyo eTerSi rubrikebi: `samSoblo gana marto lamazi mTebia?~ (1985-1987), `axalgazrduli studia~ (1985-1990), `studenturi orbita~ (1985-1990), `siyvaruli, ojaxi, bavSvi~ (1986, 1987), `airCie Cemi profesia~ (1988), `virCev profesias~ (1986, 1987). amas emateboda operatiuli ciklebi: `leninuri SabaTobis matiane~ (1985), `gamarjoba, yamirelo!~ (1985), `mesame SromiTi semestris misamarTebi~ (1985, 1986), `studenturi zafxuli~ (1987), `saqarTvelos wargzavnilebi festivalze~ (1985), `misaRebi gamocdebis win~ (1986), `saqarTvelos komkavSiris 33-e yrilobis Sesaxvedrad~ (1987) da sxv. Cveul stilSi mzaddeboda mxatvrul-publicisturi programebi: `naxevari saaTi gacnobisaTvis~ (1985) da `Sexvedrebi axalgazrda SemoqmedebTan~ (1985-1987) — orive axalgazrda auditorias acnobda literaturisa da xelovnebis warmomadgenlebs. isev grZeldeboda ilia kevliSvilis saavtoro musikaluri programebi `saRamo mSvidobisa~ (1985-1989) da `studenturi diskoTeka~, romelsac 1985-1986 wlebSi ewodeboda `sakvirao programa — saubari musikis TanxlebiT~ (orive maTgani msmenelebis werilebze iyo agebuli da musikalur nomrebs enacvleboda wamyvanis msjeloba aqtualur axalgazrdul problemebze). gardaqmnis pirvel sam wels tradiciuli formiT gadioda eTerSi axalgazrdobis mTavari publicisturi programa `radiosadguri `siWabuke~, mas diqtorebTan erTad xSirad Jurnalistebic uZRvebodnen. 1989 wlis maisidan (mxedvelobaSi viqonioT, rom es iyo 9 aprilis Semdgomi periodi) programas ewoda `meaTe studia~ da pirdapir gadaicemoda eTerSi (amzadebda SemoqmedebiTi jgufi: mzia baqraZe, lali iakobaSvili, gia nozaZe, manana xuroSvili, nato maWavariani). programis mTavari Tema iyo saqarTveloSi mimdinare politikuri movlenebi. mowveuli stumrebi saubrobdnen imdroindel pirobebSi axalgazrdobis mdgomareobaze, mis politikur mrwamsze, axal partiebTan damokidebulebaze da a.S. rubrika `anketa~ auditorias acnobda axalgazrdobis Sexedulebebs qveyanaSi momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebze, sazRvargareTis qveynebTan saqarTvelos urTierTobaze da sxv. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi movlenaTa adgilebidan da ucxoeTis saagentoe277 bis mier gavrcelebuli informaciebi, igi 1991 wlis seqtembramde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. erT-erTi tendencia, romelic SesamCnevia gardaqmnis wlebSi, isaa, rom sabavSvo mauwyeblobis msgavsad axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSic TandaTan izrdeba publicistur-saganmanaTleblo da gasarTobi gadacemebis wili. 1987 wlis bolos eTerSi gamoCnda gadacema saxelwodebiT `SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `merani~. 1988 wels igi yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda 8 saaTsa da 15 wuTze 45 wuTis moculobiT da `SemecnebiT programad~ an ubralod `programad~ cxaddeboda, 1989 wlis 1 oqtombridan ki `programa axalgazrdobisaTvis — `kvira dilas~ daerqva. 1990-1991 wlebSi am programam SabaTs, imave saaTebSi gadainacvla da ewoda `SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa axalgazrdobisaTvis `SabaT diliT~ (avtori mzia gogniaSvili). igi Seicavda rogorc popularul, saganmanaTleblo xasiaTis masalebs, reportaJebs, gamosvlebs, ise musikalur nomrebsac. garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo agreTve axalgazrduli programa `popla, Cven vcocxlobT!~ (1990). amiT amoiwureba axalgazrduli saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba 80-ian wlebSi (Tu ar CavTvliT TiTo-orola gadacemas raime TariRTan an RonisZiebasTan dakavSirebiT — magaliTad, or gadacemas `ra ganZi gvqonia~ 1986 wlis aprilSi varZiis 800 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavad). faqtobrivad, axalgazrduli publicistur-saganmanaTleblo da mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo (SemecnebiT-gasarTobi) mauwyebloba saqarTvelos radios mxolod 90-iani wlebidan iwyebs ganviTarebas. 1991 wels Seiqmna publicistur-saganmanaTleblo programa `pirispir~ (`tet-a-tet~) (avtori da wamyvani mzia gogniaSvili). igi exeboda yvela Temas, garda politikisa. misi stumrebi iyvnen: mwerlebi, msaxiobebi, estradis momRerlebi, sportsmenebi da a.S. moicavda rubrikebs: `warsulTan pirispir~, `fiqrebTan pirispir~, `mTebTan pirispir~, `sakuTar TavTan pirispir~ da `baxusTan pirispirac~ ki (zogierTi Tema saxelwodebasTan xelovnuradac iyo dakavSirebuli). programa gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. amave wels Seiqmna agreTve SemecnebiT-gasarTobi progra278 ma (rogorc acxadebdnen) `kamara~ (avtorebis ganmartebiT, es saxelwodeba haerSi kamaraSekruli kacis Tavisufal mdgomareobaSi yofnis analogiiT Seiqmna). `kamaris~ mTavari Tema iyo Tavisufleba da es gansazRvravda misi rubrikebis xasiaTsac: `brZola adamianis TavisuflebisaTvis~, `xmebi Tavisufali samyarodan~, `mxatvari da Tavisufleba~ da a.S. programis stumrebi — sxvadasxva sferoSi moRvawe adamianebi saubrobdnen Tavisuflebis rolze maT profesiul saqmianobaSi, fsiqologebi ganixilavdnen msmenelTa werilebs. programis avtorebi da wamyvanebi iyvnen ilia mxeiZe da lali daTukiSvili, gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. amasTan erTad, axalgazrdobis redaqcia exmaureboda qveynis socialur da ekonomikur mdgomareobasac. 1991 wels aprilis Tvidan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi axalgazrduli programa `ekonomika, biznesi, komercia~, romelic asaxavda respublikaSi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebs, biznesis ganviTarebas, saxelmwifo politikas komerciis mimarT da a.S. yovelive amas ganixilavdnen studiaSi mowveuli specialistebi. programa erTsaaTiani iyo, uZRvebodnen avtori — Jurnalisti maia gvritiSvili da ekonomikur mecnierebaTa kandidati levan ZnelaZe. mainc unda iTqvas, rom 90-iani wlebis bolos msgavsi gadacemebi axalgazrdul mauwyeblobaSi sul ufro iSviaTadaa da eTeri ZiriTadad SemecnebiT-gasarTob gadacemebs uWiravs, ramac Semdeg periodSi albaT bevrad ganapiroba misi gardaqmna SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programebis mTavar redaqciad. 279 Tavi V damoukidebeli saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba (1992-2004) 1. saerTo mimoxilva sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelo damoukidebel saxelmwifod iqca — moipova saerTaSoriso aRiareba, miRebul iqna gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wevrad. rogorc aRiniSna, amas win uZRoda umwvavesi dapirispireba sxvadasxva politikur dajgufebebs Soris, Sida Tu gare Zalebis mier organizebuli SeiaraRebuli amboxeba da erovnuli gvardiis nawilebisa da `mxedrionis~ formirebaTa mier pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis damxoba. saqarTveloSi dabrunda respublikis kompartiis centraluri komitetis yofili pirveli mdivani da sabWoTa kavSiris yofili sagareo saqmeTa ministri eduard SevardnaZe, romelic saTaveSi Caudga axal xelisuflebas da aT welze metxans marTavda qveyanas, sanam iZulebuli ar gaxda gadamdgariyo ukve sxva Zalebis mier organizebuli kidev erTi (amjerad usisxlo) gadatrialebis Semdeg. es cameti weli (1992-2004) SeiZleba CaiTvalos saqarTvelos radios istoriis bolo, mexuTe etapad, roca igi suverenuli saxelmwifos radios warmoadgens da qveynis damoukideblobis pirobebSi funqcionirebs. amave periods ganekuTvneba saqarTveloSi damoukidebeli radiomauwyeblobis aRmocenebac. 90-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi zedized iqmneba FM-diapazonze momuSave kerZo, komerciuli radiosadgurebi: `pirveli radio~, `radio — 105~, radio `evrika~, `mwvane talRa~, `fortuna~, `audiencia~, `saqarTvelos xma~ da sxva. es procesi axal saukuneSic grZeldeba da gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens, radgan auqmebs mauwyeblobaze saxelmwifo monopolias. demokratizaciis Semdgomi ganviTareba ki ganapi280 robebs TviTon saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis gardaqmnis aucileblobas. 2004 wlis bolos saqarTvelos radio sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis statuss iZens da amiT mTavrdeba kidec misi, rogorc saxelmwifo struqturis, arsebobis TiTqmis 80-wliani istoriac. cxadia, rom zemoT aRniSnuli procesebi uSualo gavlenas axdenda saqarTvelos radios saqmianobaze. ukve 1992 wlis 6 ianvars axalma xelisuflebam — e.w. samxedro sabWom — aRadgina jer televiziisa da Semdgom radios saxelmwifo struqturebis funqcionireba Tavisi ideologiuri miznebis uzrunvelsayofad. Tavis saqmianobas daubrundnen radios gaficuli TanamSromlebi, agreTve Zveli xelisuflebis mier daTxovili muSakebis nawili. rac Seexeba parlamentis SenobaSi momuSave Jurnalistebsa da diqtorebs, maTi umravlesoba profesiul saqmianobas CamoSorda. teleradiodepartamentis Tavmjdomaris movaleobis Sesruleba daevala goCa xundaZes, 1992 wlis martidan ki radio-televiziis xelmZRvaneli isev arCil gogelia gaxda. mis moadgiled radiomauwyeblobis dargSi dainiSna radios sainformacio-musikaluri programebis xelmZRvaneli vaxtang nanitaSvili. 1992-1994 wlebi metad mZime periodi iyo Cveni qveynis istoriaSi. saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyebloba udides zewolas ganicdida sxvadasxva politikuri klanebis, saeWvo samxedro formirebebisa Tu kriminaluri dajgufebebis mxridan — yoveli maTgani sakuTari interesebisaTvis cdilobda mis gamoyenebas. da Tu igi (upirvelesad televizia) mainc inarCunebda zomierebasa da stabilurobas, gadaurCa ngrevasa da datacebas — es, uwinaresad, misi xelmZRvanelobis damsaxurebaa. 1993 wels teleradiodepartaments teleradiokorporacia ewoda da erTianma saxelmwifo struqturam TiTqosda erTgvari decentralizaciac ganicada. rogorc 1993 wlis maisSi gazeTi `7 dRe~ iuwyeboda: `Zveleburi struqturebis Secvlis mizniT teleradiokorporacia kompaniebad daiyo... esenia: telekompania `saqarTvelo~, telekompania `respublika~ (SemdgomSi isini gauqmda da Camoyalibda erTi telekompania `I arxi~), telekompania `II arxi~, radiokompania, satelevizio filmebis sawarmoo-SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba, teqnikuri 281 centri, sainformacio-gamoTvliTi centri, sameurneo centri. momavalSi kompaniebad Camoyalibdebian agreTve afxazeTisa da aWaris teleradiokomitetebi, quTaisisa da cxinvalis radiosamsaxurebi, romlebsac korporaciasTan partnioruli urTierToba eqnebaT~.1 Zneli saTqmelia, ra statusiT daukavSirdebodnen saqarTvelos teleradiokorporacias afxazeTisa da cxinvalis Sesabamisi struqturebi, magram rac Seexeba TbilisSi arsebul `kompaniebs~ es decentralizacia sakmaod formaluri iyo. teleradiokorporacia organizaciuli da finansuri TvalsazrisiT praqtikulad isev erTian struqturad darCa, im gansxvavebiT, rom radios xelmZRvanels Tavmjdomaris moadgilis TanamdebobasTan erTad daemata radiokompaniis generaluri direqtoris saxelic, xolo programebis mTavari direqciis mTavar direqtors (jer medea gegeSiZes da Semdeg manana xvedeliZes) — generaluri direqtoris moadgileoba (1996 wels). 1997 wels radiokompaniis generalurma direqtorma kidev ori moadgile dainiSna — lia karanaZe, visac sainformacio samsaxuris kuratoroba daevala da ilia kevliSvili, romelmac es Tanamdeboba profkavSiris TavmjdomareobasTan erTad SeiTavsa. 1995 wlidan, mas Semdeg, rac `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ Seiqmna, saqarTvelos radio ukeT amocnobis mizniT I arxis gadacemebSi jer kantikuntad tixrebSi, Semdeg ki sareklamo sacnobebSic moixsenieboda rogorc `mTavari radio~ (`saqarTvelos radio — mTavari radio~). 90-iani wlebis bolos radioteleviziis statusi erTxel kidev `Sesworda~. saqarTvelos prezidentis 1999 wlis 9 dekembris 658-e brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis korporacia Camoyalibda rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri — saqteleradiomauwyebloba. amave brZanebulebiT damtkicebuli wesdebiT televiziasa da radios hqonda erTiani sajaro interesebi, Tanabari ufleba-movaleobani, saerTo sabanko angariSi da hyavda erTpirovnuli mmarTveli — teleradiomauwyeblobis Tavmjdomare. 1 a. qeSelaSvili, eTerSia saqarTvelo — cisferi ekranis paradoqsebi, `7 dRe~, 1993, 16, gv. 7. 282 am droisaTvis radios samive arxze (I programa, II programa — `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ da III programa — mauwyebloba somxur, azerbaijanul, qurTul da berZnul enebze) mudmivi da droebiTi anu saxelSekrulebo StatiT iricxeboda 302 TanamSromeli, aqedan 121 iyo sxvadasxva musikaluri koleqtivis wevri. SemoqmedebiTi tenderebis Semdeg TanamSromelTa garkveuli nawili dausaqmebeli darCa da maTi daTxovnis meqanizmis ararsebobis gamo imyofeboda simbolur, 32-larian Tviur anazRaurebaze. radios SemoqmedebiTi struqtura ase gamoiyureboda: programebis direqcia, informaciis direqcia, ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis departamenti da 5 mTavari redaqcia (saSinao politikis, literaturul-dramatuli, musikaluri, sabavSvo da axalgazrduli). garda amisa, teleradiomauwyeblobis struqturaSi iyo: revaz laRiZis saxelobis simfoniuri orkestri (mTavari diriJori givi azmaifaraSvili), saestrado SemoqmedebiTi gaerTianeba `forte~ (samxatvro xelmZRvaneli daviT turiaSvili), momReral bavSvTa gundi, folkloruli ansambli `kelaptari~ (mTavari diriJori nugzar qavTaraZe) da folklorul-vokaluri kvarteti (2004 wlis bolosTvis yvela maTgani gauqmda). 1999 wlis martSi Tavmjdomaris postze arCil gogelia Secvala zaza Sengeliam, romelic xelmZRvanelobda teleradiomauwyeblobas 2005 wlis bolomde, sanam sabolood ar dasrulda saxelmwifo struqturis sazogadoebriv mauwyeblad gardaqmnis procesi. radioSi ki generalur direqtorad 2004 wlis gazafxulamde iyo vaxtang nanitaSvili, romelic Semdeg mcire xniT Secvales jer dodo Sonavam da mere irine moseSvilma. radio-televiziis axal xelmZRvanels metad mZime pirobebSi mouxda muSaobis dawyeba. damoukidebel qarTul saxelmwifos aRar ZaluZda mauwyeblobisaTvis im dafinansebis uzrunvelyofa, rac sabWoTa periodSi iyo da aucilebeli gaxda aTeulobiT wlebis manZilze uzomod gaberili Statebis (rac, saerTod, damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabWoTa sistemisaTvis) radikaluri Semcireba. magram, samwuxarod, es aucilebeli procesi umeteswilad usamarTlod da TviTneburad warimarTa. teleradiokoleqtivi subieqturad daiyo sasurvel da arasasurvel TanamSromlebad da daiwyo am ukanasknelTa (ZiriTa283 dad profesionali da gamocdili kadrebis) TandaTan gamodevna, jer xelfasebis usamarTlo diferenciaciiT, Semdeg ki pirdapir samuSaodan gaTavisuflebiT. 2004 wlis martSi gamocxadda teleradiomauwyeblobis reorganizacia, rasac mohyva TanamSromelTa Semcireba jer erTeulebis saxiT, zafxulis TveebSi ki — masobrivad. es procesic ucnauri cinizmiT warimarTa — imis magivrad, rom madloba mainc eTqvaT damsaxurebuli adamianebisaTvis, vinc Tavisi cxovrebis didi nawili profesiul saqmianobas Sealia, maT SenobaSic ki ar uSvebdnen, rom samuSao adgilze darCenili sakuTari nivTebi wamoeRoT. amave periods ukavSirdeba TanamSromlebTan erTTviani xelSekrulebis gaformebis araadamianuri da ukanono praqtika (samuSaos dakargvis mudmivi SiSi), romelic, samwuxarod, 2005-2006 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios sazogadoebriv mauwyeblad gardaqmnis Semdegac gagrZelda. zaza Sengelias winaaRmdeg am periodSi presaSi mravali werili gamoqveynda da radio-televizia sxvadasxva komisiis Seswavlis obieqtic gaxda. magram amas arsebiTi Sedegi ar mohyolia. TviTon koleqtivis yvelaze kompetenturi nawilis azriT, es iyo saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teleradiomauwyeblobis inteleqtualuri da materialuri gakotrebisaken mimarTuli politika. SemoqmedebiTi potencialis araadekvaturi Sefasebis gamo televiziaSi masStaburad, radioSi — nawilobriv daiwyo unariani kadrebis Tavidan moSorebis procesi. konceptualuri principebis naklebobam, arasworma prioritetebma da aqcentebma teleradiomauwyeblobis menejmenti srulyofis nacvlad gauaresebisaken waiyvana. finansuri politika ki Zalze Sors iyo gamWvirvalobisa da saxsrebis optimaluri gamoyenebisagan. es rac Seexeba saerTo situacias, magram 90-ian wlebSi garkveuli cvlilebebi moxda radios organizaciul struqturaSic: 1992 wlis ianvarSi, muSaobis ganaxlebidan cota xanSi, sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqciebi isev gancalkevda — pirvelis mTavari redaqtori gaxda julieta lomTaZe, meorisa — manana laWyepiani. amave wels saSinao politikis (yofil sazogadoebriv-politikur) mTavar redaqcias SeuerTda saxalxo meurneobis mTavari redaqcia — 284 sazogadoebriv-politikur, samarTlisa da janmrTelobis dacvis jfufebs daemata mrewvelobis, soflis meurneobis, mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis jgufebi. garda amisa, saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi Sedioda somxuri, azerbaijanuli, qurTuli da berZnuli gadacemebis redaqciebi, romlebic 1996 wlidan sazRvargareTze mauwyeblobis departaments gadaeca. 1999 wlis dekemberSi saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia gaerTianda informaciis mTavar redaqciasTan da Seiqmna sainformacio-analitikuri programebis direqcia, romlis kuratoroba daekisra radiokompaniis generaluri direqtoris moadgiles lia karanaZes. 2000 wlis 1 ianvridan es gaerTianeba daiSala da isev Seiqmna ori damoukidebeli struqtura — informaciis direqcia (direqtori giorgi CokoSvili) da sazogadoebriv-politikuri programebis mTavari redaqcia (yofili saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia), romlis mTavar redaqtorad dainiSna lia wiklauri. 1992 wlis 25 agvistos qveyanaSi mimdinare sazogadoebrivpolitikuri procesebis Sesaxeb obieqturi informaciis mopovebisa da ucxoeTis telekompaniebisa da saqarTvelos sainformacio saSualebebiT misi operatiuli gavrcelebis mizniT televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis departamentSi Seiqmna sainformacio saagento `kontaqti~. mis direqtorad dainiSna Jurnalisti dimitri kikvaZe, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda saqarTvelos radios informaciis mTavari redaqciis mTavar redaqtorad. sxvadasxva dros `kontaqtSi~ muSaobdnen Jurnalistebi: maka anTiZe, manana giorgobiani, xaTuna kikvaZe, merab manjgalaZe, Tamar maxarobliZe, nino niJaraZe, viqtoria CubiniZe (direqtoris moadgile); menejeri mixeil gvarjalaZe, programistebi marine calqalamaniZe da marine bokuCava. xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi `kontaqti~ amzadebda sainformacio gamoSvebebs qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze. ucxoeTis telekompaniebisaTvis maTi miwodeba xdeboda jer teletaipis meSveobiT, Semdeg ki — satelituri faqsiT. `kontaqtis~ informacia msoflios ocamde qveyanaSi igzavneboda. mis masalebs iyenebdnen bi-bi-si da `amerikis xma~. ase rom, man garkveuli roli Seasrula saerTaSoriso sazogadoe285 bisaTvis saqarTvelos Sesaxeb obieqturi informaciis miwodebis, afxazi da osi separatistebisa da maTi mfarvelebis mxilebis TvalsazrisiT. `kontaqtis~ Jurnalistebis mier mopovebul da damuSavebul masalebs yoveldRiurad iyenebdnen televiziisa da radios sainformacio samsaxurebi: `macne~, `vestniki~, `alioni~, ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis redaqcia, radios informaciis qarTuli da rusuli redaqciebi, somxuri da azerbaijanuli redaqciebi, televiziis meore arxi, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teleradiokomitetis sainformacio samsaxuri, sxva sainformacio saSualebebi. `kontaqtis~ sainformacio wyaroebi iyo: saqarTvelos prezidentis pressamsaxuri; parlamentis, sagareo saqmeTa saministros, saxelmwifo kancelariis, Tavdacvis saministros, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWosa da ministrTa sabWos, saqarTvelos uSiSroebis saministros, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, prokuratoris, statistikis departamentis, politikuri partiebisa da moZraobebis, sapatriarqos, qalaqis meriis pressamsaxurebi; saqarTveloSi akreditebuli ucxoeTis saelCoebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi. saagentos sistematurad awvdidnen informacias teleradiomauwyeblobis regionaluri korespondentebi, agreTve ucxoeTis qveynebSi saqarTvelos saelCoebi da misiebi. `kontaqts~ hyavda sakuTari korespondentebi moskovsa da sankt-peterburgSi. igi iyenebda agreTve radiosadgur `amerikis xmisa~ da `radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ masalebsac, romlebsac eTeridan iwerda amJamad ukve mis struqturas mierTebuli specialur gadacemaTa redaqcia (misi xelmZRvaneli giorgi Ciqovani `kontaqtis~ direqtoris moadgiled iTvleboda). amasTan, redaqcias zogierTi sxva funqciac daemata — magaliTad, dasabeWdad amzadebda prezident eduard SevardnaZis orSabaTis radiointerviuebis teqstebs, asrulebda sxva saredaqcio samuSaoebsac. saagento `kontaqti~ gauqmda 2000 wlis bolos da mis bazaze Camoyalibda sainformacio-analitikuri jgufi, romelic SeuerTda teleradiomauwyeblobis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis departaments. 1993 wels soxumis dacemisa da afxazeTidan qarTveli mo286 saxleobis masobrivi gamodevnis Semdeg, saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebiT afxazeTis teleradiokomitetma muSaoba ganagrZo TbilisSi televiziisa da radios saxelmwifo arxebze. noembridan mas mieniWa teleradiokompaniis statusi da registracia gaiara saqarTvelos iusticiis saministroSi. kompaniis generalur direqtorad dainiSna Tamaz CoCia, moadgiled radiomauwyeblobis dargSi manana darjania, radiomauwyeblobis qarTuli redaqciis xelmZRvaneli gaxda goCa xundaZe (ara is goCa xundaZe, romelic erTxans teleradiomauwyeblobis xelmZRvanelis movaleobas asrulebda). mogvianebiT Seiqmna afxazeTis mediacentri, romlis xelmZRvanelad dainiSna koba bendeliani, moadgileebad ki — goCa gvaramia da goCa xundaZe. afxazeTis radio daarsda soxumSi 1937 wels, muSaobda sami redaqcia: qarTuli, rusuli da afxazuri. 1988 wlidan qarTuli radios saeTero dro yoveldRiurad 4 saaTs Seadgenda, 1992 wlis 20 agvistodan 1993 wlis 20 seqtembramde ki mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi eweoda mauwyeblobas. TbilisSi devnil radioJurnalistTa jgufma daiwyo momzadeba naxevarsaaTiani programisa `eTerSia afxazeTis radio~, romelic 1993 wlis noembridan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda saqarTvelos radios pirveli programiT — jer orjer da Semdeg oTxjer, monacvleobiT qarTul da rusul enebze. es metad drouli da saWiro nabiji iyo, radgan TviTgamocxadebuli afxazeTis saxelmwifos radio-televizia mTlianad de-faqto xelisuflebis mier kontroldeboda da adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi separatistuli ideebis totalur propagandas eweoda. `afxazeTis radio~ TbilisSi Tavidanve Camoyalibda or — qarTulenovani da rusulenovani gadacemebis redaqciebad. pirvelis redaqtori iyo marine gvazava (mogvianebiT misi xelmZRvaneli gaxda dodo iaSvili), meorisa — givi sergia (mogvianebiT viqtoria CubiniZe). TiToeul maTgans Tavisi korespondentebi hyavda da Tanabari samauwyeblo dro hqonda gamoyofili. TanamSromelTa birTvs Seadgendnen Jurnalistebi: berdia kalandia, eliso xuTkubia, lela alania, eliso kakulia, medea sisordia. am droisaTvis saqarTvelos radios gadacemebi vrceldeboda afxazeTis mxolod nawilze — oCam287 Cire-soxumis regionebze, Tumca baTumSi arsebul saSualotalRovan radiosadgurs rom Seuferxeblad emuSava (stabilurad momaragebuliyo eleqtroenergiiT), I arxis gavrceleba SesaZlebeli iqneboda Savi zRvis gaswvriv saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze, maT Soris afxazeTis danarCen sanapiro raionebSic. `afxazeTis radios~ gadacemebi gankuTvnili iyo umTavresad afxazeTis mosaxleobisaTvis — rogorc afxazeTSi darCenilTaTvis, ise iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTaTvis, moicavda rogorc informaciul, ise analitikur masalebs. operatiulad Suqdeboda saqarTveloSi da afxazeTSi mimdinare mniSvnelovani movlenebi, qarTul-afxazuri da rusul-afxazuri urTierTobani. afxazeTSi darCenili mosaxleobis didi nawilis rusulenovanebis gamo politikurad da ideologiurad datvirTuli masalebi ZiriTadad rusuli redaqciis kompetencia iyo, ekonomikuri, socialuri, kulturuli da a.S. ki — qarTulisa. rusul gadacemebs uZRveboda diqtori julieta gelaSvili, qarTuls — diqtori naTela berikaSvili, afxazeTis radios soxumeli TanamSromlebi. Cveulebrivad, gadacemis pirvel bloks (diqtoris mier wakiTxul mokle informaciebs) Tan mosdevda ama Tu im aqtualuri movlenis vrceli ganxilva, xSir SemTxvevaSi korespondencia, romelsac ZiriTadad redaqtori amzadebda da Tavisive saavtoro teqstiT ganagrZobda muSaobas mikrofonTan. aq avtoris komentars Tan erTvoda interviuebi, reportaJebi da a.S. gadacemebSi monawileobda TiTqmis yvela cnobili politikosi, mwerali, xelovnebis moRvawe, arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa warmomadgeneli da sxv. sistematurad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `genocidi da eTnowmenda~, `nostalgia~, `istoriis labirinTebi~, `politikosebis xedva~, `kviris mniSvnelovani politikuri procesebi~, `Tvalsazrisi~ da a.S. iyo droebiTi rubrikebic, romlebic ramdenime gadacemaSi grZeldeboda da Semdeg icvleboda. magaliTad, 2001 wels, yovel paraskevs, karga xnis manZilze rusulenovan gamoSvebaSi gadaicemoda profesor zurab papaskiris cikli `Абхазия – историческое прошлое, настоящее и будущее~. igi saubrobda afxazebis eTnikuri warmomavlobis, qarTvelebTan maTi naTesauri kavSiris Sesaxeb (rasac afxazi mecnierebi uaryofen), konfliqtis mogvare288 bis gzebze da a.S. ra Tqma unda, radios amgvari mcdeloba — afxazur auditoriamde moetana istoriuli simarTle — metad Rirebuli iyo. 1992 wlidan 1995 wlis oqtombramde kvlav ganagrZobda funqcionirebas saqarTvelos radios II programac. igi moicavda umTavresad musikalur-mxatvrul nawarmoebebs, ufro iSviaTad publicistikas, agreTve I programis gadacemebis gameorebas, funqciurad ar gansxvavdeboda misgan da arc msmenelTa romelime jgufisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi inerciiT ganagrZobda arsebobas, radgan amgvari dublirebiTa da gavrcelebis naklebi masStabis gamo, saeWvoa farTo auditoria hyoloda (Tumca es 40 wlis manZilze arc aravis Seuswavlia, rac, Tavis mxriv, misdami nakleb interesze metyvelebs). gazeTi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ (SemdgomSi `eTerSia saqarTvelo~) am programas xSirad arc ki aqveynebda xolme Tavis furclebze. am dros ki saqarTveloSi intensiur ganviTarebas iwyebs damoukidebeli, komerciuli radiomauwyebloba — FM-diapazonze momuSave e.w. formatuli radiosadgurebi, romelTa samauwyeblo principi swored funqciuri specializacia da sakuTari auditoriis momsaxurebaa. amgvari procesebi sazRvargareT jer kidev 50-iani wlebis bolos daiwyo, roca televiziasTan konkurenciis gamo msoflios ganviTarebul qveynebSi mkveTrad Semcirda universaluri, mravalprofiliani radioprogramebi, romlebic mauwyeblobis yvela saxeobasa da auditoriis yvela jgufze iyo gaTvaliswinebuli da daiwyo specializebuli arxebis Camoyalibeba. es specializacia ori mimarTulebiT ganviTarda: pirveli, Seiqmna calke arxebi auditoriis sxvadasxva jgufis moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad (sqesis, asakis, ganaTlebis, eTnikuri Tu religiuri kuTvnilebis mixedviT da a.S.) da, meore, aseve damoukidebeli arxebiT radiom daiwyo misTvis yvelaze `xelmisawvdomi~ da `xelsayreli~ funqciis Sesruleba — operatiuli informaciisa da musikis gadacema. saqarTveloSi msgavsi funqciuri specializaciis mcdelobad SeiZleba CaiTvalos gacilebiT gvian, 1979 wlidan `naSuadRevis~, `pikis saaTisa~ da `dilis talRis~, xolo Semdeg 1987-1991 wlebSi vrceli sainformacio-musikaluri blokis 289 `radiosadgur `macnes~ warmoSoba. calke specializebuli arxi ki msoflioSi gavrcelebuli sainformacio-musikaluri programis saxeliT qarTul saxelmwifo mauwyeblobaSi Camoyalibda mxolod 90-iani wlebis pirveli naxevris bolos — 1995 wlis 1 oqtombers saSualo, 288 metr talRaze, eTerSi gavida `radio-2~ (meore arxi), romelmac Secvala saqarTvelos radios manamde arsebuli II programa, daikava misi diapazoni da saeTero dro. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mas daemata saRamos eTeri qarTuli musikis saxiT, datova II programis arxi da FMdiapazonze ganagrZo muSaoba. Tavidan radiosadgurs erqva `radio-2 — dedaqalaqis xma~, 1996 wlis gazafxulidan ki — `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ ewoda. `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ tipuri musikalur-informaciuli formatis arxs warmoadgenda, Tumca drois raRac nawils saganmanaTleblo da dramatul programebsac uTmobda (maTi ricxvi mcire iyo da arc sistematurobiT gamoirCeoda) — igi moicavda sainformacio gamoSvebebsa da musikas, gankuTvnili iyo axalgazrda auditoriisaTvis. `radio-2~ Tavidanve Seiqmna rogorc ukve momravlebuli komerciuli musikalurinformaciuli arxebis alternativa (ufro maRalxarisxovani da ufro erovnuli) da, amdenad, uTuod musikaluri unda yofiliyo, radgan, rogorc erT-erTi misi damfuZnebeli aRniSnavda, `saqarTvelos radioSi `molaparake~ arxi (`pirveli arxi~) ukve arsebobda da axla `musikaluri iyo saWiro~. Tavdapirvelad `radio-2~-is sakuTari samauwyeblo drois xangrZlivoba 6 saaTi da 15 wuTi iyo — iwyeboda 11 saaTze da mTavrdeboda 18 saaTsa da 15 wuTze (SuadRisas, 14-dan 15 saaTamde, 1 saaTi eTeri `amerikis xmis~ inglisurenovan sainformacio-musikalur programa `eqspress~ ekava). 1996 wlidan mas daemata radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ qarTuli mauwyeblobis erTsaaTiani programa (20-dan 21 saaTamde) da, rogorc adrec aRvniSneT, e.w. `qarTuli radios~ anu saRamos mauwyebloba ZiriTadad qarTuli musikis saxiT (21 saaTidan 24 saaTis CaTvliT). 18 saaTi da 15 wuTidan 20 saaTamde arxi isvenebda, mogvianebiT ki `radio-2~-is dRis mauwyebloba 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTamde gagrZelda, xolo 20 saaTamde darCenili naxevari saaTi radiosadgur `amerikis xmis~ qarTulma programam daikava 290 (romelic erTdroulad gadaicemoda I da II arxiT). kidev ufro mogvianebiT `radio-2~-is mauwyebloba gaizarda imis xarjze, rom eTerSi gasvla daiwyo dilis 10 saaTze, 11 saaTis nacvlad, xolo `qarTuli radios~ saRamos mauwyebloba 24 saaTis nacvlad Ramis 2 saaTamde grZeldeboda. 2002 wlidan `radio-2~-ma dilis mauwyebloba 9 saaTsa da 30 wuTze daiwyo da 2004 wlis bolomde misi xangrZlivoba `qarTul radiosTan~ erTad Seadgenda 16 saaTsa da 30 wuTs (dilis aTis naxevridan Ramis or saaTamde), aqedan orsaaT-naxevari eTmoboda ucxoeTis radiosadgurebis `amerikis xmisa~ da `Tavisuflebis~ programebs. 2003-2004 wlebSi amas dilis cxra saaTze yoveldRiurad kidev daemata bi-bi-sis naxevarsaaTiani gadacema rusul enaze da `radio-2~-ze ucxoeTidan mowodebulma programebma qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze, saerTo jamSi, yoveldRiurad sami saaTi Seadgina. `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ Seqmnis iniciatorebi iyvnen saqarTvelos radios generaluri direqtori vaxtang nanitaSvili da misi moadgile manana xvedeliZe. programaze muSaobda SemoqmedebiTi jgufi: lia wiklauri, darejan guliaSvili, irine moseSvili, xaTuna koberiZe, nino gegeSiZe, giorgi asaniSvili, ramaz xatiaSvili, irma loria, Tamar cxovrebaZe da sxv. 9 wlis manZilze `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ bade, cxadia, garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida — icvlebodnen rubrikebi, avtorebi, wamyvanebi, magram ZiriTadi struqtura ucvleli rCeboda. mTeli dRe iyofoda or nawilad: dRis mauwyebloba, romelic jer 11, Semdeg 10, bolos ki 9 saaTi da 30 wuTidan 19 saaTsa da 30 wuTamde grZeldeboda (rasac `amerikis xmisa~ da `Tavisuflebis~ qarTulenovani gadacemebi emateboda saaTnaxevris xangrZlivobiT) da saRamos mauwyebloba 21 saaTidan (`qarTuli radio~) jer 24 saaTamde, Semdeg ki Ramis 2 saaTamde. sainformacio mauwyeblobac, dRis ori nawilis Sesabamisad, gansxvavebuli xasiaTisa iyo. sul gadaicemoda 14 (zogierT wlebSi 15) sainformacio gamoSveba, TiTo saaTis intervaliT, dRis 3-10, saRamos — 10-12 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. dRis sainformacio gamoSvebebi (saSualod 10 gamoSveba) diferencirebuli iyo Tematikis mixedviT: mniSvnelovan axal ambebs calke gamoSveba eTmoboda, cal-calke gadaicemoda ekonomi291 kis, kulturis, sportis, ucxoeTis axali ambebi, amindis prognozi da a.S. TiToeuls Tavisi konkretuli dro da sakuTari musikaluri qudi hqonda. ase rom, msmenelma zustad icoda, rodis SeeZlo mieRo informacia misTvis saintereso Temaze. saRamoze 4 gamoSveba mravalTemiani iyo. maTSi gaerTianebuli iyo sazogadoebriv-politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu kulturuli movlenebi, zogjer Tan erTvoda wamyvanis komentaric. `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ TviTon informaciebs ar moipovebda, sargeblobda sainformacio saagentoebis, presis, teleradiokompaniebis masalebiT. sainformacio gamoSvebebs, rogorc wesi, Jurnalistebi uZRvebodnen. 1995-1999 wlebSi sainformacio samsaxuris SemoqmedebiT jgufs saqarTvelos radios saSinao politikis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtoris moadgile lia wiklauri xelmZRvanelobda, Semdeg — nino rodonaia. dRis gamoSvebebze ori wamyvani muSaobda: marika bocvaZe da Tamar cxovrebaZe, saRamos gamoSvebebze — oTxi: qeTevan mumlaZe, nino rodonaia, irma jalaRonia da manana abaSiZe. Semdeg sxvadasxva dros `radio-2 — qarTul radioSi~ sainformacio programebze muSaobdnen Jurnalistebi: aleko elisaSvili da nino qvaTaZe, administratorebi: lela varazaSvili, zurab zurabiSvili, sofio matkava da mariam nemsaZe. sxva sazogadoebriv-politikuri, publicisturi xasiaTis gadacemebi `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ arxze, misi formatidan gamomdinare, ar yofila. erTaderT ucnaur gamonakliss warmoadgenda saqarTvelos radios generaluri direqtoris moadgilis ilia kevliSvilis saavtoro programa `cxeli talRa~ (Tbilisis meris monawileobiT), romelic 2002 wlis yovel oTxSabaTs gadaicemoda 12 saaTsa da 30 wuTze 30 wuTis moculobiT (am dros is pirveli arxis eTerSic iyo) da meordeboda kviras, imave dros. es formatis sawinaaRmdegod raRac sxva mizezebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. `radio-2~-is musikalurma mauwyeblobamac 9 wlis manZilze garkveuli cvlilebebi ganicada. Tavidan igi moicavda yvela Janris, droisa da qveynis musikas. magram 1996 wels Catarebuli qarTuli simReris festivalis — `ligis~ Semdeg saRamos eTeri 21 saaTidan mTlianad daeTmo Zvel da axal qarTul musikas yvela kategoriis msmenelisaTvis da, rogorc aRvniS292 neT, ewoda `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ (Tumca dRis musikaluri programa erTxans isev `mravalerovani~ darCa). `liga~ pirveli iyo, romlis organizebaSi `radio-2~-mac miiRo monawileoba, Semdeg, 2002 wels, man damoukideblad moawyo festivali `zafxulis saRamoebi~, xolo imave wlis bolos qalaqis meriis kulturis samsaxurTan erTad — festivali `Sen gimReri, Cemo Tbilis-qalaqo!~. 2000 wlidan `qarTuli radios~ principi `radio-2~-is mTel mauwyeblobaze gavrcelda: dRisa da Ramis eTerSi JRerda yvela droisa da Janris mxolod qarTuli musika an ufro iSviaTad ucxouri simRerebi qarTveli momRerlebis SesrulebiT. Tavidan musikalur programaze 9-kaciani SemoqmedebiTi jgufi muSaobda, romelsac `radio-2~-is xelmZRvaneli, saqarTvelos radios programebis direqtoris moadgile (da Semdeg direqtori) manana xvedeliZe uZRveboda. dRis ganmavlobaSi eTerSi jer ori, Semdeg ki oTxi musikaluri wamyvani muSaobda, romlebic dila-saRamos enacvlebodnen erTmaneTs (maT wamyvanebs uwodebdnen da ara dijeebs, rogorc es komerciul musikalur-informaciul arxebzea miRebuli). sxvadasxva periodebSi `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ eTerSi muSaobdnen: Tekla TalakvaZe, Tamar boWoriSvili, nino gegeSiZe, sergo kobalava, ani bregvaZe, Tamar gvelesiani, xaTuna koberiZe, sandro jangiraSvili da sxv. musikaluri programa TiTqmis mTlianad personalur saavtoro gadacemebze iyo agebuli da wamyvanebis msmenelebTan kontaqti pirdapir eTerSi ganapirobebda komunikaciis stabilurobasa da efeqtianobas. `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ musikaluri mauwyebloba, ra Tqma unda, diferencirebuli xasiaTisa iyo, magram mis ZiriTad nawils mainc msubuqi, saestrado musika Seadgenda, rac damaxasiaTebelia am formatis radiosaTvis da upiratesad axalgazrdul auditorias izidavs. eTerSi JRerda rogorc axali, ise retromusika, Zveli da axali hitebi. wlebis manZilze Camoyalibda mTeli rigi mimarTulebani Sesabamisi rubrikebiT. mravalwlian tradiciad iqca programebi: `marika CijavaZe gTavazobT~ (klasikur musikaze, 30 wT.), marine kviJinaZis, Semdeg nana mSvidobaZis `Cven mSvidoba~ (xalxur musikaze, 30 wT.), manana xvedeliZisa da jimSer iaSvilis `jaz breiqi~ 293 (1 sT.), nia baxtaZis `musikaluri kalendari~ (30 wT.). sxva programebidan aRsaniSnavia: `musikaluri katalogi~ — saukeTeso simRerebi saukeTeso momRerlebis SesrulebiT, toqSouebi — Sexvedrebi momRerlebTan pirdapir eTerSi, unikaluri Canawerebi saqarTvelos radios audiofondidan; `audiomedia~ — `radio-2~-is kompetenturi azri qarTuli Soubiznesis Sesaxeb (manana xvedeliZe, ani bregvaZe, nino gegeSiZe, 1 sT.); `saxli 100 da 9~ — cnobil SemoqmedTa kidev ufro axlos da ucnob aspeqtSi gacnoba. auditoriaSi popularobiT sargeblobda rubrikebi: `dabadebis dRe~, `benefisi~ (calkeul musikosebze), `kinomusika~, `ritmuli musika~, `retro~, `rokis 15 wuTi~, `jazuri kompoziciebi~, `Wrel-Wreli miqsi~ (msmenelTa TxovniT), `peijingi — 1~, `xalxuri musikis 5 wuTi~, `tradiciuli qarTuli simRera~ da sxv. yovelkvireulad ewyoboda `radio-2~-is qarTuli hit-aRlumebi~, romlebic garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo elementebsac Seicavda. saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi arsebuli sxva informaciul-musikaluri radiosadgurebisagan `radio2 — qarTuli radio~ gamoirCeoda musikaluri programebis ukeTesi xarisxiTa da mravalferovnebiT, wamyvanebis ufro TavSekavebuli da daxvewili saubriT, rasac, cxadia, upirvelesad arxis koleqtivis SemoqmedebiTi principebi da samauwyeblo koncefcia gansazRvravda. amasTan es koncefcia garkveulwilad imiTac iyo ganpirobebuli, rom mas saxelmwifo statusis gamo komerciuli struqturebisagan gansxvavebuli socialur-politikuri funqciebi ekisreboda. es statusi gansazRvravda agreTve erovnuli kulturis ufro aqtiur propagandasa da saRamos eTeris qarTuli musikisaTvis daTmobas. TviTon audiospotebis optimisturi xasiaTic miuTiTebda, rom igi situaciebs ufro farTo TvalsazrisiT uyurebda: `yvelaferi kargad iqneba!~, `ar daiviwyoT megobrebi, moikiTxeT isini!~ da a.S. garda sainformacio gamoSvebebisa da musikaluri programebisa, `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, garkveul dros uTmobda saganmanaTleblo gadacemebsac. magaliTad, 2001 wels kviraSi orjer pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda rubrika `sqesi, seqsi, qorwineba~ (wamyvani merab nebie294 riZe); programa `sqolio~ aseve pirdapir eTerSi ganixilavda literaturisa da xelovnebis saintereso sakiTxebs, auditorias iwvevda Tavisufal Temebze sasaubrod, msmenelebi zogjer sakuTar leqsebsac ki kiTxulobdnen (wamyvani nana lomiZe, 1 sT.); gadacema `interpasivi~ msmenelebs sTavazobda sxvadasxva viqtorina-TamaSebs da gamarjvebulebs ajildoebda (wamyvani Tekla TalakvaZe, 1 sT.) da a.S. daarsebis dRidan `radio-2~ sistematurad uTmobda eTers agreTve radiospeqtaklebs, romlebic sxvadasxva dros iyo Seqmnili da audiofondSi inaxeboda. 90-ian wlebs ganekuTvneba agreTve garkveuli cvlileba pirveli programis struqturaSic. saqme exeba Ramis programis daarsebas, romlis calkeuli cdebi 80-iani wlebis bolosac iyo. tradiciulad saqarTvelos radios pirveli programa 24 saaTze amTavrebda muSaobas, magram 1991-1992 wlebSi igi erTi saaTiT gaizarda, rogorc gameorebis, ise originaluri gadacemebis xarjze (24 saaTis Semdeg gadaicemoda, magaliTad, 1991 wels programa `kviraZals~ da 1991-1992 wlebSi `roki naSuaRamevs~). 1993-1999 wlebSi igi 00.00 saaTidan 03.00 — 03.20 wuTamde grZeldeboda, magram gadaicemoda mxolod radiosadgurebiT (sadenebiani mauwyeblobiT ar ismineboda) da moicavda rogorc pirveli programis gadacemebis gameorebebs, ise axal gadacemebsac. 2000-2002 wlebSi `Ramis programis~ yoveldRiur struqturas Seadgenda: radio `Tavisuflebis~ erTsaaTiani qarTuli gadacema (translacia praRidan) da momdevno dRis programis xuTwuTiani anonsi, xolo danarCeni dro popularul klasikur musikas eWira. 2003-2004 wlebSi es struqtura mkveTrad Seicvala — klasikuri musikis dro Semcirda da yoveldRiur gadacemebs daemata xuTwuTiani sainformacio gamoSveba, amindis grZelvadiani prognozi da saqarTvelos radiosa da bi-bi-sis erToblivi erTsaaTiani programa `JAZZ FM~. garda amisa, orSabaTidan xuTSabaTis CaTvliT, 2 saaTsa da 19 wuTze 30 wuTi eTmoboda `literaturul kiTxvas~, xolo SabaT-kvira — programebis: `internetniusis~, `galereisa~ da `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gameorebebs. rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, saqarTvelos radio daarsebidan mravalenovani iyo, rac, cxadia, qveynis mosaxleobis 295 mravalerovnulobiT iyo ganpirobebuli. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda mauwyeblobas erovnul umciresobaTa enebze. es mauwyebloba 90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan gaformda rogorc saqarTvelos radios III programa. yoveldRiurad eTerSi gadaicemoda erTsaaTiani somxuri da naxevarsaaTiani azerbaijanuli programebi, xolo kviraSi erTxel 15-wuTiani gadacema SabaTs berZnul enaze da kviras qurTul enaze (aqve SevniSnavT, rom am gadacemebis gazrdis moTxovna aRniSnul auditorias arasdros gamouTqvams, Tumca es araviTar siZneles ar warmoadgenda mokle talRebze momuSave III programisaTvis). 90-ian wlebSi kvlav ganagrZobda funqcionirebas saqarTvelos sagareo radiomauwyeblobac. sazRvargareT mcxovrebi Tu mivlinebuli TanamemamuleebisaTvis ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavar redaqciaSi qarTul enaze mzaddeboda programa `saqarTvelo~. igi operatiulad aSuqebda Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis umniSvnelovanes movlenebs, qarTuli mecnierebis, kulturis, xelovnebisa Tu sportis ambebs, gadascemda qarTul musikas. 1994 wlidan qarTuls daemata Turqulenovani mauwyebloba, 1995 wlidan — germanulenovani da frangulenovani, 1996 wlidan ki — berZnulenovani. 1999 wels daiwyo radiomauwyebloba ruseTze. duSeTis radiosadguridan mokle talRebiT programa `saqarTvelo~ vrceldeboda israelze, germaniasa da norvegiaze, `georgien~ — germaniasa da norvegiaze, `gruzia~ ki — damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis qveynebze. 1996 wels ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqcia kvlav daiyo televiziis saerTaSoriso programebis mTavar redaqciad (mTavari redaqtori Samil WiabriSvili) da radios ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavar redaqciad (mTavari redaqtori badri mdinaraZe). 1999 wels ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqciis bazaze saqarTvelos radioSi Seiqmna ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis departamenti, romelsac daemata agreTve manamde propagandis mTavari redaqciis SemadgenlobaSi myofi somxuri, azerbaijanuli da qurTuli gadacemebis redaqciebic. am sami redaqciis 296 profilis Secvlam (somxuri da azerbaijanuli gadacemebi Sesabamisad mimarTuli iyo mezobel respublikebze, qurTuli ki — axlo aRmosavleTze) misi TanamSromlebis protesti gamoiwvia, rasac saqarTvelos parlamentSi somexma da azerbaijanelma deputatebmac dauWires mxari. isini moiTxovdnen gadacemebs adgilobrivi, saqarTveloSi damkvidrebuli somexi da azerbaijaneli mosaxleobisaTvis (rac 2005 wlisTvis aRdga kidec). Turqulenovani gadacemebi mzaddeboda kviraSi oTxjer, berZnuli da qurTulenovani — kviraSi erTxel, danarCenebi ki yoveldRiurad naxevari saaTis moculobiT. yoveldRiuri 10-wuTiani sainformacio gamoSveba mzaddeboda qarTulad da Semdeg iTargmneboda danarCen enebze, berZnuli da qurTuli gadacemebis ganyofilebebi am gamoSvebaTa mixedviT amzadebdnen kviris daijests. sainformacio gamoSvebas mosdevda Tematuri siuJetebi saqarTvelos cxovrebisa da adresat qveynebTan megobrobisa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia am qveynebis saelCoTa mxardaWera saqarTvelos sagareo radiomauwyeblobisadmi. germaniis, somxeTis, azerbaijanis saelCoebma monawileoba miiRes Sesabamisi ganyofilebebis teqnikur aRWurvaSi. saelCoTa TanamSromlebi saWiro literaturiT uzrunvelyofdnen Jurnalistebs, aqtiurad monawileobdnen radiogadacemebSi. qarTveli Jurnalistebis kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad ewyoboda treiningebi rogorc saqarTveloSi, ise sazRvargareT (kerZod, germaniis saelCos daxmarebiT). saqarTvelos radios sazRvargareT sakmaod bevri msmeneli hyavda. amis dasturia uamravi werili, romlebsac sistematurad pasuxobdnen Sesabamis ganyofilebaTa TanamSromlebi, dainteresebul pirebs ugzavnidnen qveynis istoriisa da kulturis amsaxvel fotosuraTebs, sxva saWiro masalebs. am periodSi radioSi muSaobda bevri specialisti, romlebic safuZvlianad flobdnen rogorc Jurnalistur profesias, ise ucxour enebs: rusuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — Temur nadiraSvili, irina Cuprinina, nino berikaSvili, giuli CaCanaSvili; somxuri gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — susana xaCaturiani, gohar mazmaniani, maia kiRuraZe; azerbaijanuli gadace297 mebis ganyofilebidan — nazi alieva, emin mahmudovi, mirza maSovi; Turquli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — nino Sengelia, maka kiknaveliZe; berZnuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — xaTuna jervaliZe, mari amaSukeli; qurTuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — qerim anyosi, leila CaldarguSi, bela kaxoeva; inglisuri gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — maka maisuraZe, nato guguSvili, zurab amiranaSvili; germanuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — eka sanikiZe, irine gegeWkori, naTia daTuaSvili, lia mumlaZe; franguli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — qeTi kapanaZe, mixeil koRoSvili; dabolos, qarTuli gadacemebis ganyofilebidan — manana qebaZe da nana lomiZe. am ganyofilebaSi mzaddeboda rogorc sainformacio gamoSveba, ise Tematuri siuJetebic, romelTa umravlesoba iTargmneboda 9 sxvadasxva enaze sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT gadasacemad. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2004 wlis 22 martis 236 gankargulebiT, mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb saTanado kanonis miRebamde Seiqmna sazogadoebrivi monitoringis droebiTi komisia, romelsac daevala rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba saqteleradiomauwyeblobis marTvis srulyofisa da sakadro optimaziciisaTvis reformebis mosamzadeblad. imdroindelma Tavmjdomarem zaza Sengeliam komisias SesTavaza saqarTvelos radios sagareo mauwyeblobis daxurva da miuxedavad saqarTvelos parlamentis sagareo saqmeTa komitetis mondomebisa da ucxouri organizaciebis rekomendaciebisa misi SenarCunebis aucileblobaze, 2005 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos radios ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyebloba naxevarsaukunovani arsebobis Semdeg daixura. saeWvoa es gadawyvetileba swori yofiliyo. Soreuli norvegiisa da inglisis msmenelebisaTvis yoveldRiuri naxevarsaaTiani gadacemis efeqtianoba SeiZleba sadavo iyos, magram Cvens mezobel qveynebze — TurqeTsa da iranze (sadac mravalricxovani qarTuli mosaxleobaa) qarTulenovani da ruseTze (sadac totaluri antiqarTuli propaganda mimdinareobs) yoveldRiuri ramdenimesaaTiani rusulenovani mauwyeblobisaTvis albaT namdvilad Rirda am struqturis SenarCuneba. 90-ian wlebis umwvavesma socialur-politikurma movlenebma Tavisi gavlena iqonia qarTuli radiopresis mdgomareo298 bazec. 1991 wlis seqtembris Sua ricxvebidan teleradiodepartamentis organos `eTerSia saqarTvelos~ gamocema Sewyda da ganaxlda mxolod rvaTviani intervalis Semdeg, 1992 wlis maisSi, axali xelisuflebis dros. igi tradiciulad mcire formatis oTxgverdiani gazeTi iyo da teleradioprogramebTan erTad publicistur werilebsac aqveynebda — exmaureboda mimdinare aqtualur problemebs, gadacemaTa reklama-anotaciebs xSirad politika cvlida. sabolood man ori welic ver iarseba — 1994 wels gamovida gazeTis ramdenime nomeri da gamocema Sewyda. samwliani intervalis Semdeg, 1997 wlis seqtembridan saqteleradiokorporaciam daiwyo axali mcireformatiani gazeTis `axali talRis~ gamocema (redaqtori g. zubaSvili). gazeTis pirveli 7 nomeri 12-gverdiani iyo, xolo me-8 nomridan gamocemis bolomde — 16-gverdiani. `axali talRa~, SeiZleba iTqvas, faqtobrivad arc iyo dargobrivi gazeTi, miuxedavad imisa, rom sistematurad aqveynebda yovelkvireul teleprogramebs (rogorc saqarTvelos, ise ruseTis ZiriTadi arxebis) da saqarTvelos radios pirveli arxis programas, agreTve saqarTvelos televiziis I da II arxebze gamavali teleserialebis beWdur variantebs (amas bevri sxva gazeTic akeTebda). gazeTis pirvel nomerSive gacxadebuli dapireba, rom `axali talRa~ gansakuTrebul yuradRebas dauTmobs televiziisa da radios Teoriisa da praqtikis sakiTxebs~ ganuxorcielebeli darCa (erTaderTi gamonaklisi iyo lamara kikaliSvilis metad saintereso werilebi da mogonebani Tavisi Jurnalisturi praqtikidan). gazeTi Segnebulad gacda specifikuri mimarTulebis organos funqciebs, rasac adasturebs kidec 1999 wels warwera gazeTis saxelwodebis qveS: `sazogadoebriv-politikuri gazeTi~. ZiriTadi adgili eTmoboda politikur sensaciebs (rogorc Tanamedroves, ise istoriuls), kinovarskvlavebsa da Soubiznesis warmomadgenlebs. faqtobrivad, `axali talRa~ ufro komerciuli tipis gamocema iyo, igi 1999 wlis seqtembramde gamodioda. sakuTari beWduri organos gamocemis kidev erTi cda iyo 2000 wels. 25 agvistos gamovida mcire formatis ilustrirebuli gazeTi saxelwodebiT `2x2~ (2001 wlis 11 maisidan mas 299 isev tradiciuli saxeli `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~ daubrunda). igi Tavidan 12-gverdiani iyo, 2001 wlis me-14 nomridan ki 16-gverdiani gaxda. misi mTavari redaqtori iyo mixeil mWedliZe, moadgile badri ciramua, pasuxismgebeli mdivani zaal WeliZe. gazeTi did yuradRebas uTmobda JurnalistikaSi Seqmnil problemebsa da Teoria-praqtikis siaxleebs. aRsaniSnavia radios `oqros fondis~ Canawerebis sagazeTo teqstebi, romlebsac TiTqmis yvela nomrisaTvis amzadebda Jurnalisti nunu dalaqiSvili. gazeTis mkiTxvels saSualeba hqonda gacnoboda saxelovani winaprebis radiogamosvlebs. amasTan, gazeTis furclebi eTmoboda sazogadoebriv-politikur problemebs, mecnierebis, xelovnebis, religiis sakiTxebs da sxv. drom Tavisi kvali daamCnia gazeTis ganviTarebas — teleradioprogramebisa da reklama-anotaciebis gamoqveynebas daemata jer dargobrivi gazeTisa da Semdeg sazogadoebriv-politikuri organos funqciebi. samwuxarod, 2002 wlis martidan gazeTis gamocema Sewyda. ase dasrulda 1957 wels ganaxlebuli qarTuli teleradiogazeTis 45-wliani istoria da mas Semdeg saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobas sakuTari beWduri organo aRar hqonia. teleradiomauwyeblobis beWduri organos gauqmebam upirvelesad radioauditoriaze iqonia uaryofiTi gavlena. satelevizio programebs isedac mravali sxvadasxva gazeTi beWdavda, radioprogramebs ki mxolod igi aqveynebda da misi daxurvis Semdeg radiomsmenelebs kviris programaSi orientirebis araviTari saSualeba aRar darCaT (es xom teleradiogazeTis erT-erT ZiriTad funqcias Seadgenda — radiokomitetis pirvel beWdur organos, romelic 1935 wels gamovida, asec erqva — `radioprogramebi. radiomsmenelTa damxmare~). garda amisa, jer kidev 1999 wels Sewyda (radios programebis mTavari direqciis mTavari direqtoris medea gegeSiZis gardacvalebis Semdeg) rubrika `ramdenime wuTi saqarTvelos radios programebis direqciisaTvis~, romelic 1991 wlidan moyolebuli yovel paraskevs gadaicemoda diliT 7 saaTsa da 45 wuTze, 5 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da radiomsmenelebs momavali kviris ZiriTad gadacemebs acnobda (mas Tavad programebis direqtori uZRveboda). 300 dRevandel aCqarebul droSi SesaZloa kviris radioprogramis winaswari gacnoba auditoriisTvis arc iyos aucilebeli, magram dabeWdil programebSi faqtobrivad saqarTvelos radios saqmianoba aisaxeboda da ufro dasanania, rom am saqmianobis fiqsacia Sewyda. Tanamedrove radiomauwyebloba ufro dRis programis reklamaze, mis saTanado `SefuTvaze~ zrunavs. amas emsaxureba mravaljeradi anonsebi adre dilidan gvian Ramemde, audiospotebi da devizebi, musikaluri sacnobebi da qudebi da a.S. aman ganapiroba 90-iani wlebis meore naxevridan saqarTvelos radioSi diqtorebis `gadakvalificireba~ dRis programis wamyvanebad (2001 wels programaSi dRis manZilze ramdenimejer `wamyvanis fanjarac~ ki cxaddeboda). magram aseTi `wamyvanebic~ radioSi erTeulebi SemorCa. esec bunebrivi procesi iyo — diqtoris, rogorc teqstis wamkiTxvelis, profesia Tavis droze warmoiSva da aseve dros Tan gahyva rogorc bevri sxva profesia. radiosa da televiziaSi sxvagvari Jurnalistika Camoyalibda, xolo radioeTeris baton-patronebi Jurnalistebi da dijeebi gaxdnen. 1992-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios programaSi TvalSi sacemia rubrikebis simravle (xuT aTeulamde perioduli gadacema) da arcTu iSviaTad maTi dublirebac ki. samagierod, 2004 wlis Semodgomidan radikalurad sawinaaRmdego procesTan gvaqvs saqme — rubrikebis raodenoba mkveTrad mcirdeba. gamoCnda ucnauri rubrika `musika saqarTvelos radioSi~ (yoveldRiurad ramdenimejer), rac albaT yvela musikaluri Janrisa da mimarTulebis nawarmoebebis erT rubrikaSi moqcevis surviliT iyo nakarnaxevi. magram rubrikis aseTi saxelwodeba gaumarTlebelia (sxva musikaluri rubrikebi, romlebic mis paralelurad arsebobda, musikas ar moicavda?). am logikiT mTeli radioprograma SeiZleba ramdenime rubrikaSi moqceuliyo: `informacia saqarTvelos radioSi~, `publicistika saqarTvelos radioSi~, `sporti saqarTvelos radioSi~, `literatura saqarTvelos radioSi~ da a.S. rubrika gadacemebis tipizacias, garkveuli kriteriumebis (Temis, ideis, Janris, auditoriis) mixedviT maT dajgufebas gulisxmobs — igi arc metismetad viwro SeiZleba iyos, magram arc ise farTo, rom mTeli mauwyeblobis udides nawils moicavdes. 301 isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom 90-iani wlebis mauwyeblobis dargobrivi principi (mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba, mecniereba da a.S.) sakmaod Seryeulia, Tumca calke gadacemebi eTmoba samedicino da samarTlebriv Tematikas. 2000 wlidan TviTon ekonomikis Temac ki (romelsac arasdros daukargavs aqtualoba) CarTulia mravalTemian sazogadoebriv-pilitikur programebSi: `rakursi~, `amer-imeri~, `gansxvavebuli azri~, `Ria studia~, agreTve sainformacio-musikaluri programa `pikis saaTSi~. Seicvala TviTon rubrikebis periodulobac. yovelTviuri rubrikebi, romlebic 80-iani wlebis bolomdec ki iyo SemorCenili, gaqra da radioprograma mTlianad yovelkvireul rubrikebs daemyara (cxadia, operatiul yoveldRiur gadacemebTan erTad). da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, 90-iani wlebidan aSkarad sagrZnobi xdeba radios komunikaciuri aqtivizacia, rac pirdapiri mauwyeblobis pirobebSi interaqtiuri komunikaciuri formebis masobriv danergvas emyareba. radiomsmenels saSualeba eZleva telefonis meSveobiT pirdapir CaerTos gadacemis msvlelobaSi da komunikaciis ormxrivi xasiaTi aqvs — radio ara mxolod gadamcemi, aramed erTdroulad mimRebic xdeba. radiopublicistikis amgvari formebis Camoyalibebas Tan sdevs komunikaciis procesSi pirovnuli faqtoris gaZliereba, `Ria~ struqturebze gadasvla da, aqedan gamomdinare, pirdapiri mauwyeblobis Semdgomi ganviTareba, rac Tanamedrove teqnologiur SesaZleblobebTan erTad upirvelesad sazogadoebis demokratizaciis Sedegic aris (am problemas rom CavuRrmavdeT, logikurad mivalT sazogadoebaSi pirovnebis integraciis, misi socialuri pasuxismgeblobis realizaciis gacilebiT rTul sakiTxebamde). pirdapiri mauwyeblobis dominirebam saqarTvelos radioSi, erTi mxriv, ganapiroba im publicisturi Janrebisa da formebis Semcireba, romlebic winaswar fiqsaciasa da montaJs moiTxovda (korespondencia, narkvevi, e.w. `paketis~ tipis gadacemebi), xolo, meore mxriv, gza gauxsna eTerSi Jurnalistur improvizacias, saavtoro, personaluri programebis damkvidrebas, msoflio praqtikaSi kargad cnobili `toqra302 dios~ principebis ganxorcielebas — e.w. satelefono toqSous formebis damkvidrebas saqarTvelos radioSi. faqtobrivad, auditoriisaTvis radioJurnalistebis saxelebi 90-iani wlebidan xdeba masobrivad cnobili da dasamaxsovrebeli: `medea gegeSiZe radioarxiT `TanagrZnoba~, `anzor gelaSvili programiT `sarke~, `lamara kikilaSvili programiT `saxsovari~, `lia ZiZiguri programiT `galerea~, `zinaida mWedluri da sazogadoebriv-literaturuli programa `droeba~, `dodo Sonava sainformacio-analitikuri programiT `faqti plusi~, `ivane jafariZe programiT `irao~ da a.S. personaluri programebis bumi ganapiroba imanac, rom gauqmda sabWoTa periodSi dakanonebuli wesi, romelic avaldebulebda redaqcias honoraris 60 procenti gareSe avtorebze gaeca, xolo Statis muSakebisaTvis danarCeni 40 procenti gaenawilebina. es, cxadia, zRudavda StatSi momuSave Jurnalistebis SemoqmedebiT aqtivobas (bevri maTgani gansazRvruli normis Sesrulebis Semdeg aRar amzadebda saavtoro gadacemas, radgan veraviTar anazRaurebas ver miiRebda), magram amave dros farTod uRebda karebs redaqciis gareT myof SemoqmedebiT Zalebs da uzrunvelyofda radioprogramis Tematur Tu SemoqmedebiT mravalferovnebas. am wesis gauqmebis Semdeg TiTqmis mTeli saredaqcio honorari Statis muSakebma daisakuTres, ramac mkveTrad gazarda saavtoro gadacemebis ricxvi da dadebiTTan erTad uaryofiTi Sedegebic gamoiwvia: erTi mxriv, radioJurnalistikis profesionalebs (mcire jgufs) meti Tavisufleba mieca, magram, meore mxriv, momravlda dabalxarisxovani personaluri gadacemebi (yvela rodi aRmoCnda mzad auditoriasTan urTierTobisaTvis), xolo gareSe avtorebze uaris Tqmam gaaRariba da ufro daStampuli gaxada radioprograma. sabolood, radios TiTqmis yvela SemoqmedebiTi muSaki mxolod avtorad iqca da dakarga literaturuli muSakis, redaqtoris funqcia — TiToeuli TviTon iyo Tavisi gadacemis avtoric, redaqtoric da reJisoric. cenzuris gauqmebasTan erTad radios xelmZRvanelobam ratomRac CaTvala, rom saerTod aRar aris saWiro arc saredaqcio saqmianobis kontroli da nel-nela daiwyo marTvis sistemis moSla: daeca dagegmvis 303 xarisxi, aRar imarTeboda saredaqcio TaTbirebi da ar xdeboda saeTero produqciis Sefaseba, aRar mzaddeboda saredaqcio programebi, aRar xdeboda teqstebis redaqtireba — igi aRar gadioda adre savaldebulo safexurebs rigiTi muSakidan mTavar redaqtoramde (xSirad ki Tavmjdomaris moadgilemdec). pirdapiri eTeris sababiT xSirad arc gadacemebis teqstebi mzaddeboda winaswar da eTerSi argumentirebul msjelobas arcTu iSviaTad komerciuli arxebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli dijeebis primitiuli dialogi cvlida — masobrivi komunikaciis organo radio satelefono interpersonaluri komunikaciis saSualebas daemsgavsa. saqarTvelos radiom mniSvnelovanwilad dakarga is, rasac darajad edga aTeulobiT wlebis manZilze — gamarTuli qarTuli ena. ra Tqma unda, es yvela gadacemas ar Seexeba, magram uaryofiTi tendenciebi aRniSnuli mimarTulebiT mainc sagrZnobia (aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom am process didad uwyobda xels radios finansuri da materialur-teqnikuri daqveiTebac). radios komunikaciuri aqtivizaciis meore mimarTulebad 1992-2004 wlebSi warmoCnda popularuli musikis intensiuri SemoWra informaciul-publicistur mauwyeblobaSi da saestrado-musikaluri programebis moZaleba. am procesis pirveli niSnebi jer kidev 80-iani wlebidan iCens Tavs, magram am periodSi igi gansakuTrebiT aSkarad gamoikveTa. Tavi rom davaneboT musikaluri formatis `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ daarsebas, Tavad pirveli programac musikalurad ufro datvirTuli da popularul-gasarTobi xasiaTisa gaxda. `pikis saaTze~ da sxva sainformacio-musikalur programebze dilis yoveldRiuri sainformacio-musikaluri blokis `dilaadrianis~ damateba (1999) da pirdapir eTerSi iseTi programebis damkvidreba, rogoric iyo: `koncerti 6 saaTze~, `alo, gismenT 59 da 9~, `estrasfero~, `roki, smoki da ...~, `jazis moyvarulTaTvis~, sxvadasxva hitaRlumebi da a.S. uTuod Seesabameboda auditoriis gazrdil interess musikalur-gasarTobi formebisadmi da komunikatorTan pirdapiri urTierTobis moTxovnilebas. wamyvanebi programebisa `dilaadrian~ da `alo~, gismenT!~ ara marto aqtiurad monawileobdnen msmenelebTan dialogSi, aramed saintereso Temebsac sTavazobdnen 304 maT eTerSi improvizaciisaTvis; amasTan auditoriasTan ormxrivi kontaqtisaTvis musikaluri, sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebis redaqciebi xSirad iyenebdnen sxvadasxva saxis viqtorinebsa da saxaliso konkursebs. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom am periodSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda or aTeulamde saavtoro musikaluri programa, bevri maTgani ki yoveldRiurad Tu ara, kviraSi ramdenimejer mainc da uSualod pirdapir eTerSi. SesaZloa pirveli programis aseTi `musikaluri intensifikacia~ musikaluri formatis komerciul arxebTan konkurenciiT da auditoriis (gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdobis) dakargvis SiSiTac iyo gamowveuli, rac marTlac realuri Cans. iqneb imanac iqonia gavlena, rom 90-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi TiTqmis yvela xelmZRvaneli Tanamdeboba musikaluri redaqciis TanamSromlebma daikaves. maT kargad icodnen musika da misi popularizaciis meTodebi, magram naklebad — Jurnalistika da bolomde ar esmodaT saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radiomauwyeblobis, rogorc Jurnalisturi arxis, sazogadoebrivi daniSnuleba. igi xom am tipis erTaderTi arxi iyo saqarTveloSi da samarTlianad uwodebda Tavis Tavs `mTavar radios~ (aseTi `mTavari radio~ yvela ganviTarebul qveyanaSia SenarCunebuli). aRniSnuli momentebis gauTvaliswineblad Znelia im samauwyeblo politikis gaazreba, ramac sabolood pirveli programis radikaluri gardaqmna gamoiwvia. 2004 wlis seqtembridan, roca samauwyeblo bade e.w. programuli borbalis principiT aigo, kviris programaSi SemorCa sul 15-mde gadacema, danarCeni dro musikas, Teatralur speqtaklebis nawyvetebs, sainformacio gamoSvebebs, anonsebs, amindis prognozs da a.S. ekava. TiToeuli saaTi iwyeboda sainformacio gamoSvebiT (zogjer mas cvlida sportis axali ambebi — `estafeta~ da `pikis saaTi~, anda musikaluri programa `alo, gismenT!~) da mTavrdeboda amindis prognoziT. faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos erTaderTi mravalprofiliani radio sainformacio-musikaluri formatis radiod gardaiqmna. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom am periodSi aRniSnuli tipisaa meore saxelmwifo radioarxi `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~ da saqarTvelos yvela damoukidebeli radiosadguri, kidev erTi sainfor305 macio-musikaluri arxis Seqmnis saWiroeba metad sakamaToa. unda vifiqroT, rom Jurnalisturi funqciebis Semcirebam erTgvarad daaqveiTa kidec saqarTvelos radios, rogorc `mTavari radios~ statusic da 2004 wlis masobrivi daTxovnebis Semdeg igi saqarTvelos televiziis rigiTi ganyofilebis msgavs danamatad iqca TanamSromlebis metad Semcirebuli jgufiT. rogorc adre aRiniSna, am periodSi saqarTvelos radio mauwyeblobas eweoda sami arxiT (programiT). ZiriTadi SemoqmedebiTi datvirTva modioda pirvel arxze, romelic dRe-RameSi iuwyeboda 21 saaTis xangrZlivobiT da 2004 wlamde programuli mravalferovnebiTa da ideur-mxatvruli xarisxiT qveyanaSi analogi ar moepoveboda. meore arxis anu `radio-2 — qarTuli radios~ sadReRamiso mauwyebloba 16 saaTsa da 30 wuTs Seadgenda, yovel saaTSi gadascemda sainformacio gamoSvebas, danarCeni dro ki musikas da gasarTobi tipis ramdenime gadacemas ekava. mesame arxi daTmobili hqonda sazRvargareTze mauwyeblobas (sanam igi saerTod gauqmdeboda) da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi araqarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis gankuTvnil gadacemebs somxur, azerbaijanul, qurTul da berZnul enebze (dReSi 9 saaTi). sul samive arxze saqarTvelos radios yoveldRiuri moculoba 46 saaTsa da 30 wuTs Seadgenda. samwuxarod, am moculobis samuSaoze daxarjuli inteleqtualuri da finansuri resursi nawilobriv wyalSi iyo gadayrili radiosignalis gavrcelebis uaRresad mZime mdgomareobis gamo. duSeTSi arsebuli grZeltalRovani gadamcemi, romelsac Teoriulad saqarTvelos mTeli teritoriis dafarva SeeZlo, moZvelebuli iyo da didi raodenobis eleqtroenergias saWiroebda (saaTSi 1,5 megavats). misi dafinanseba metad gaZnelebuli iyo da amitom usistemod, kviraSi 2-3 saaTi Tu muSaobda. eleqtroenergiis deficitis gamo aseve seriozuli SeferxebiT muSaobda baTumSi arsebuli saSualotalRovani gadamcemi, rodesac normalur pirobebSi SeeZlo pirveli arxis gadacemebis gavrceleba saqarTvelos mTel SavizRvispireTSi. SedarebiT gamarTulad, magram lokaluri masStabiT muSaobdnen Tbilisisa da quTaisis radiosatranslacio qselebi da Tbilisis FM-gadamcemi 102,4 sixSireze. 306 rac Seexeba raionebSi arsebul FM-gadamcemebs, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriis daaxloebiT mesameds moicavda, energodeficitis pirobebSi isinic SeferxebiT muSaobda. kidev ufro mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~. 1999 wels saqarTvelos kavSirgabmulobisa da fostis saministrom moralurad moZvelebis sababiT gaaCera Tbilisis zRvaze arsebuli saSualotalRovani radiosadguri, saidanac `radio-2~-Tan erTad somxuri, azerbaijanuli, berZnuli da qurTuli gadacemebi vrceldeboda da igi saprivatizacio siaSi Seitana. rogorc Semdgom gairkva, am xerxiT saministros TanamSromlebs surdaT Calis fasad CaegdoT xelSi rkinis uzarmazari konstruqciis anZa, rom Semdeg sarfianad gaeyidaT. yvelaze paradoqsuli isaa, rom am `saqmis~ dasruleba moxda axali ministris xelSi, romelic manamde mTeli Tavisi cxovreba radio-televiziis sistemaSi muSaobda. sabolood verc privatizaciis `avtorebma~ Seisrules ganzraxuli — 2000 wlis 21 seqtembers prezidentis gankargulebiT Tbilisis zRvis teritoriaze mdebare radiosadguris qoneba dakavebuli miwis farTobTan erTad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gadaeca (am radiosadguriT vrceldeba amJamad sapatriarqos radios `iveriis~ gadacemebi). `radio-2~ ki darCa FM-gadamcemis amara, romelic 100,9 sixSireze muSaobs da misi gavrcelebis areali ZiriTadad dedaqalaqiTa da misi SemogareniT Semoifargleba (masTan SedarebiT ramdenadme gaumjobesda pirveli arxis mdgomareoba, romelic 2000 wlidan saTanamgzavro mauwyeblobaze gavida). Tanamedrove moTxovnebs ver akmayofilebda verc radiostudiebis aRWurviloba da sxva teqnikuri saSualebani (xmis gadamcemi da samontaJo saaparatoebi, audiokasetebze da minidiskebze Camweri teqnika, sxvadasxva saxis mikrofonebi da a.S.), Tumca TviTon teqnikuri samsaxuris struqtura ZiriTadad SenarCunebuli iyo. kvlav ganagrZobda funqcionerebas radiomauwyeblobis sastudio-sawarmoo kompleqsi (ufrosi hamlet cagareiSvili), radiomauwyeblobis ganyofileba (ufrosi revaz asaTiani, ubnis ufrosebi: guram mesxiSvili, mirian mosuliSvili, tariel kobaxiZe), xmis Camweri ganyofileba (ufrosi jumber xobelia), studiisgare radiogadacemaTa gan307 yofileba (ufrosi omar areSiZe), teqnikuri kontrolis ganyofileba (ufrosi levan koberiZe), xmis reJisorTa ganyofileba (ufrosi iuri nucubiZe), audiofondis samsaxuri (direqtori nino JRenti). 2004 wlis masobrivi daTxovnebis dros am ganyofilebebSi momuSaveTa ricxvic radikalurad Semcirda da TanamSromlebis mxolod minimaluri raodenoba darCa. aseTi iyo zogadad 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios saerTo mdgomareoba da is ZiriTadi procesebi, romelTa mimdinareoba Tavis gavlenas axdenda mis SemoqmedebiT saqmianobaze, programebis mimarTulebebsa da xasiaTze. 2. informaciul-publicisturi mauwyebloba informaciul da publicistur gadacemebs saqarTvelos radioSi 90-ian wlebSic dokumenturi mauwyeblobis udidesi nawili eWira. operatiul-informaciul gadacemebs amzadebda informaciis mTavari redaqcia, romelic or mimarTulebas moicavda — sainformacio gamoSvebebsa da sainformaciomusikalur programa `pikis saaTs~. sainformacio gamoSvebebze muSaobdnen: irma loria (koordinatori), lia kamlaZe, nino mWedliSvili, nino qvaTaZe, irakli natroSvili, Salva adomliSvili, roin Txilava, nino azmaifaraSvili, maia xoStaria, naTia arvelaZe da sxv. rogorc aRvniSneT, operatiuli informaciuli cnobebis biuletens saqarTvelos radioSi 1991 wlidan `ukanasknel cnobebs~ aRar uwodebdnen da igi eTerSi gadioda ubralod `sainformacio gamoSvebis~ saxelwodebiT. 1996 wlidan radios sainformacio gamoSvebebs `moambe~ ewoda. es saxeli erqva TiTqmis meoTxedi saukune saqarTvelos televiziis sainformacio gamoSvebas. magram 1992 wels igi `macneTi~ Seicvala, radiom ki, rogorc Cans, ar iukadrisa Tavisi ufro popularuli partnioris `gamonacvalis~ gamoyeneba. Semdeg televiziam `moambe~isev aRadgina sainformacio gamoSvebis saxelwodebad da, Sesabamisad, radios sainformacio gamoSvebebmac erTxel kidev Seicvala saxeli — 2000 wels ewoda `am saaTisaTvis~. es saxelwodeba SerCa mas 2004 wlis bolomde, sanam saqarTvelos radio saxelmwifo radios statusiT mauwyeblobda. 308 miuxedavad saxelebis aseTi cvlisa, saqarTvelos radios sainformacio gamoSvebebis arc daniSnuleba, arc perioduloba da arc qronometraJi arsebiTad ar Secvlilia. 19922004 wlebSi misi ganrigi ase gamoiyureba: 1992 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (SabaTs), 13.00 (samSabaTs), 14.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00 (SabaT-kviras), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (SabaT-kvirisa da orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.55 1993 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (SabaTs), 14.00 (kviradRis garda), 17.00 (SabaT-kviras), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (SabaTkvirisa da orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50 1994 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 12.00 (SabaTs), 13.00 (kviras), 14.00 (kviradRis garda), 15.00 da 17.00 (kviras), 19.00 (SabaTs garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (samSabaTs, oTxSabaTs da xuTSabaTs), 22.00, 23.50 1995 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 14.00 (kviradRis garda), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (SabaT-kviris da orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50 1996 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00 (SabaTis garda), 15.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50 1997-1998 — 6.03, 7.00, 9.00 (SabaT-kviras), 11.00, 15.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 19.00 (SabaTis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50 1999 — martis Tvemde, `dilaadrianis~ daarsebamde — 1998 wlis ganrigiT, Semdeg — 2000 wlis msgavsad. 2000-2002 — 11.00, 15.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 19.00 (qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.50 2003-2004 (seqtembramde) — 11.00 (orSabaTis garda), 15.00, 17.00 (kviras), 19.00 (kviradRis garda, qarTul-rusulad), 20.00 (orSabaTis garda), 22.00, 23.55 2004 (seqtembridan) — 11.00, 12.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 13.00, 15.00, 16.00 (SabaT-kviris garda), 17.00 (SabaT-kviras), 19.00 (kviras), 20.00 (kviradRis garda, rusul enaze), 22.00, 23.55 309 ZiriTadad yoveldRiurad pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda 7-8 gamoSveba (garda SabaT-kvirisa), dasvenebis dReebSi — 6 (1993-1995 wlebSi — 9 gamoSveba). pirveli gamoSveba diliT, 6 saaTsa da 3 wuTzea eTerSi, bolo — saRamos, 23 saaTsa da 50 an 55 wuTze. 1992-1995 wlebSi gamoSvebaTa qronometraJi 5, 10, 15 wuTia, 1996-2000 wlebSi — 3, 5, 8, 15 wuTi, Semdeg, 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi — 5-10 wuTi (dRis monakveTebis gaTvaliswinebiT). ZiriTadi sainformacio gamoSveba 22 saaTze, romelic dRis Sejamebas warmoadgens, stabilurad moicavs 20-25 wuTs (2004 wlis meore naxevarSi saqarTvelos radios bade radikalurad Seicvala — igi e.w. `programuli borbalis~ princips daemyara da yvela sainformacio gamoSveba 5 wuTi gaxda). dilis gamoSvebaSi, 6 saaTsa da 3 wuTze, rogorc wesi, saubari iyo gasuli dRis mTavar ambebze, Semdeg gamoSvebebSi ki TandaTanobiT Cndeboda uaxlesi informaciebi (1992-1995 wlebSi, magaliTad, saRamos 7 saaTis gamoSveba mTlianad eTmoboda sazRvargareTis axal ambebs — xSirad mas aseTi qvesaTauric hqonda `depeSebi sazRvargareTidan~). dRis manZilze operatiulad Suqdeboda sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtebi da movlenebi, gadaicemoda informaciebi saSinao da saerTaSoriso cxovrebis aqtualur sakiTxebze, politikis, ekonomikis, mecnierebis, kulturis, sportis Sesaxeb. amasTan, `mSral~ informacias, faqtebis fiqsacias xSirad erwymoda mokle analizic. es upiratesad damaxasiaTebeli iyo 22 saaTis gamoSvebisaTvis, romelic yvelaze vrceli iyo da dRis axali ambebis Sejamebas warmoadgenda. 1992-1995 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios sainformacio samsaxuri operatiulad asaxavda qveyanaSi daZabul situacias, qarTul-osuri konfliqtis ganviTarebas, afxazeTSi mimdinare brZolebs, didi adgili eTmoboda 1992 wlis saparlamento da 1995 wlis saprezidento arCevnebs. sainformacio gamoSvebaSi sistematurad gadaicemoda kerZo biznesis ambebi, ganixileboda konfliqtis zonidan devnilTa sayofacxovrebo problemebi, regionebis cxovreba, kriminaluri mdgomareoba qveyanaSi da a.S. saerTaSoriso mimomxilveli irakli jafariZe msmenelebs mouTxrobda msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebze, acnobda wamyvani saxelmwifoebis politikas saqarTvelos mimarT da sxv. 310 1996-2000 wlebSi upiratesi yuradReba eqceoda qveynis politikuri da ekonomikuri stabilizaciis problemebs, teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenisa da saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis sakiTxebs, 1999 wlis saparlamento da 2000 wlis saprezidento arCevnebs, Suqdeboda kulturisa da xelovnebis sakiTxebic. 2001-2004 wlebSi sainformacio gamoSvebebSi ZiriTadi adgili kvlav damoukidebeli saqarTvelos zemoT aRniSnul mudmiv problemebs ukavia, amas emateba 2003 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis wina da momdevno procesebis asaxva, `vardebis revoluciisa~ da Semdgomi politikuri movlenebis warmoCena. Tavidan sainformacio gamoSvebebs upiratesad ori wamyvani uZRveboda — qali da mamakaci (ufro xSirad diqtorebi), Semdeg ki es funqcia daekisra Jurnalists (romelsac moderators uwodebdnen), ZiriTadad morige redaqtors. TiToeuli gamoSveba ramdenime siuJets da met-naklebad ramdenime Janrs moicavs: gvxvdeba reportaJebi, mokle interviuebi, gamosvlebi, komentarebi, da a.S. bevr gamoSvebaSia pirdapiri CarTvebi `cxeli~ wertilebidan da sxva adgilebidan. garda yoveldRiuri gamoSvebebisa, saqarTvelos radios informaciis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda specialuri sainformacio programebi, romlebic eZRvneboda mniSvnelovan socialur-politikur RonisZiebebs, kulturul Tu sportul movlenebs. magaliTad, 1992 wels germaniis sagareo saqmeTa ministris hans ditrix genSeris saqarTveloSi Camosvlas mieZRvna specialuri gamoSveba `megobruli vizitiT~, romelsac uZRveboda Tavad gadacemis avtori dimitri kikvaZe. saprezidento da saparlamento arCevnebs 1992, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2003 wlebSi Tan axlda damatebiTi specialuri sainformacio gamoSvebebi. aseve, zafxulobiT gadaicemoda specialuri gamoSvebebi `gamocdebi, gamocdebi~, romelic qveynis umaRles saswavleblebSi mimdinare misaReb gamocdebs exeboda. specialuri gamoSvebebi mieZRvna 1999 wels xelovnebis saerTaSoriso festivals `saCuqars~, romelic pirvelad Catarda saqarTveloSi da a.S. calke unda aRiniSnos is sainformacio gamoSvebebi, romlebic erT konkretul dargsa Tu Temas exeboda, socialuri 311 sinamdvilis erTi sferos siaxleebs asaxavda (saerTaSoriso cxovreba, kultura, kriminaluri qronika, sporti). magaliTad, 1992-1995 wlebSi yovel SabaTs 14 saaTze ucxoeTis axal ambebs acnobda msmenelebs 10-wuTiani sainformacio gamoSveba `interkurieri~. amave saxisa iyo 1998-1999 wels sainformacio programa `planetis ambebi~, romelic samuSao dReebSi gadaicemoda 15 wuTis moculobiT. 1998 wels Tematur sainformacio gamoSvebas warmoadgenda agreTve yovelkvireuli `kulturuli cxovrebis qronika~ da programa `radiopatruli~, romelic 1992-2003 wlebSi yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi SabaT-kviris garda 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. mas uZRveboda ori Jurnalisti — maia TavarTqilaZe da koba kobaiZe (avtori). `radiopatruli~ aSuqebda respublikaSi momxdar kriminalur SemTxvevebs, acxadebda dakargulTa da samarTaldamcavTa mier Zebnil damnaSaveTa Sesaxeb, msmenelebs acnobda dRis kriminalur qronikas. saqarTvelos radioSi yovelTvis mniSvnelovani adgili eWira sportis axal ambebs da es tradicia grZeldeboda 19922004 wlebSic — operatiuli informaciebi sportis Sesaxeb gadaicemoda sainformacio gamoSvebebsa da sainformacio-musikalur programebSi. garda amisa, sportuli programebis mTavari redaqcia amzadebda mudmiv rubrikebsa da calkeul gadacemebs am Temaze (radios sportuli gadacemebis ganyofileba, romelic manamde saqarTvelos teleradiomauwyeblobis sportuli programebis saerTo mTavar redaqciaSi Sedioda, 1994 wlidan damoukidebel samsaxurad Camoyalibda). sportis axali ambebi operatiulad Suqdeboda rubrikaSi `5 wuTi sportis moyvarulTaTvis~, romelic 1991 wlidan kviraSi oTxjer gadioda eTerSi. 1994 wels am rubrikas ewoda `sportis moyvarulTaTvis~ da gadaicemoda imave periodulobiT 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT; 1995-1997 wlebSi erqva `sporti~ da eTerSi iyo yoveldRe, kviris garda. 1995 wels sportul gadacemaTa ricxvs Seemata 10-wuTiani programa `asparezi~, romelic moicavda informaciebs saqarTvelosa da ucxoeTis sportuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, reportaJebs matCebidan da preskonferenciebidan, interviuebs, komentarebsa da sportul mimoxilvebs. 1998 wels `sports~ ewoda `estafe312 ta~ da gadaicemoda dReSi samjer (7.15, 14.00, 22.20), yoveldRe, kviris garda (amzadebdnen sportuli Jurnalistebi: sandro cnobilaZe, givi gvencaZe, aleko jiblaZe, elene bilixoZe). 1999 wlis martidan, eTerSi `dilaadrianis~ damkvidrebis Semdeg, 2004 wlis bolomde igi gadaicemoda dReSi orjer. garda amisa, 1998 wels yovel diliT, kvira dRis gamoklebiT, 6 saaTsa da 13 wuTze gadaicemoda `sportis axali ambebi~. 1999 wlis april-seqtemberSi yovel SabaTs eTerSi iyo agreTve `safexburTo mimoxilva~ jer 10 da Semdeg 25 wuTis moculobiT (aqve aRvniSnavT, rom 1999 wlamde ganagrZobda arsebobas yovelkvireuli tradiciuli naxevarsaaTiani sportuli programa `utevani~ — wamyvani Tamila kaxiZe). 2000 wlidan sportul mauwyeblobas Seemata yovelkvireuli gadacema `qarTuli sporti guSin, dRes, xval~ (20-25 wuTi), romelsac uZRvebodnen sportuli programebis mTavari redaqtori Tamila kaxiZe, Jurnalistebi: daviT minaSvili, aleko jiblaZe, nino axvlediani da sxv. 2001 wlis seqtembridan mas Seenacvla toqSou `sportuli programa `lelo~, romelmac samSabaTobiT 14 saaTze `estafetas~ adgili daikava da arsebobda 2003 wlis bolomde. 2003 wels igi orSabaTobiT gadaicemoda Ria eTerSi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT da masSi sportis moyvaruli radiomsmenelebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen satelefono kavSiris saSualebiT. gadacemis stumrebi iyvnen saxelganTqmuli Tu axalbeda sportsmenebi, mwvrTnelebi, gulSematkivrebi da a.S. imarTeboda msjeloba sportis yvelaze aqtualur da saWirboroto sakiTxebze (wamyvani Tamila kaxiZe). gamokveTilad unda aRiniSnos saqarTvelos radioSi informaciul-musikaluri mauwyeblobis ganviTarebaze 19922004 wlebSi. informaciul-publicistur mauwyeblobaSi popularuli musikis intensiuri SemoWra da saestrado musikaluri programebis moZaleba naTlad gviCvenebs, rom Tanamedrove mauwyebloba cdilobs musikis gasarTobi funqciis gamoyenebas komunikaciuri efeqtis gazrdisaTvis. radios erTerT popularul gadacemad kvlav rCeboda sainformacio-musikaluri programa `pikis saaTi~. 1992-1998 wlebSi Seicvala misi eTerSi gasvlis dro da qronometraJi — gadaicemoda yoveldRe, SabaT-kviris garda, diliT, 7 saaTsa da 50 wuTze 2-sa313 aTiani gamoSveba da 12 saaTze da 17 saaTze — 1-saaTiani gamoSveba. 1999 wlidan ki `dilaadrianis~ daarsebis gamo `pikis saaTis~ dilis gamoSvebam 8 saaTze gadainacvla. kidev erTi cvlileba moxda 2004 wlis Semodgomaze, roca saqarTvelos radios bade radikalurad Seicvala — `pikis saaTisaTvis~ gamoiyo 1 saaTi da 30 wuTi dilis 8 saaTze da 1 saaTi saRamos, 17 saaTze. `pikis saaTs~ Tavdapirvelad uZRveboda ori wamyvani: qali da mamakaci, Semdeg erTi pirovneba. sxvadasxva dros eseni iyvnen: oTar SaorSaZe, lili maRalaSvili, gela kapanaZe, dodo Sonava, nato oniani, ramaz qarTveliSvili, manana laWyepiani, lali bziaSvili, gogi CokoSvili, aleko farulava, baia SaraSiZe, nino rodonaia, aleko elisaSvili da sxv. dilis programis dasawyisSi isini msmenels acnobdnen gadacemis anonss da saqarTvelos hidrometcentris cnobas mosalodneli amindis Sesaxeb. Semdeg mas mohyveboda sainformacio gamoSveba wina dRiT momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebze. `pikis saaTis~ daijesti mimoixilavda sazRvargareTis presis sayuradRebo publikaciebs (mogvianebiT gadaicemoda `doiCe veles~ mier momzadebuli ucxouri presis mimoxilva). intensiurad gamoiyeneboda qarTuli da ucxouri sainformacio saagentos masalebi. `pikis saaTi~ yovelTvis mravalTemiani iyo. programaSi operatiulad Suqdeboda saqarTveloSi momxdari politikuri, socialuri da kulturuli movlenebi, mosaxleobis yofiTi problemebi. TiToeul Temas gamoyofili hqonda Tavisi rubrika, sxvadasxva sakiTxebis analizisaTvis studiaSi iwvevdnen saTanado specialistebs, ewyoboda pirdapiri CarTvebi movlenebis epicentridan, programaSi gadaicemoda dRis horoskopi, rubrikiT `kalendari~ aRiniSneboda istoriuli TariRebi, msmenels acnobdnen sportis axal ambebs, saubrobdnen muzeumebze, kinosa da Teatris cxovrebaze, axal literaturul nawarmoebebze. rubrika `qronikebi didi mamuliSvilis cxovrebidan~ eTmoboda qarTuli literaturis, xelovnebis, mecnierebis gamoCenil moRvaweebs. yuradRebis miRma arc msmeneli rCeboda. maTi TxovniT gadaicemoda gancxadebebi rubrikiT `satelefono zaris Semdeg~. 8 saaTze programas asrulebda sainformacio gamoSveba. `pikis saaTi~ ufro mravalferovani gaxda 1992 wlidan, 314 roca gaizarda misi qronometraJi da eTerSi gasvlis sixSire. saRamos gamoSvebaSi gamoCnda siuJetebi privatizaciis Sesaxeb, romelic im periodSi metad aqtualuri iyo da msmenelTa did interess iwvevda (`privatizacia, siaxle, problemebi~, `privatizacia interesebis gzajvaredinze~, `privatizacia, rogor vemzadebiT?~ da a.S.). maT amzadebda Jurnalisti marika silagaZe. programas daemata agreTve rubrikebi: `TxuTmetsaukunovani ganZi~ (literaturuli gverdi), `umniSvnelovanesi saerTaSoriso movlenebi~ (erTveboda `amerikis xma~), `kriminaluri qronika~. gadaicemoda sarkinigzo da sahaero transportis reisebis ganrigi. programa gamoirCeoda Janrebis siuxviTac: mokle gamosvla, interviu, komentari, korespondencia, reportaJi da a.S. 1999 wels maT daemata radiodadgmis formis gadacemac. es iyo 10-wuTiani seriali `Cveni ojaxi~ (scenaris avtori devi ivanov-Ciqovani), romelic TiTqmis `pikis saaTis~ yoveli dilis gadacemaSi iyo CarTuli. igi erTi tradiciuli qarTuli ojaxis yoveldRiur problemebze mogviTxrobda da aqtiurad exmaureboda qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur da ekonomikur procesebs (amgvari saojaxo radioserialebi evropul radioprogramebSi 50-iani wlebSi iRebs saTaves da, rogorc Cans, saukunis bolos saqarTveloSic SemoaRwia). `pikis saaTis~ Semdeg saqarTvelos radioSi gaCnda araerTi programa, romelic uxvad iyenebda musikalur Canawerebs. 1999 wlis martidan eTerSi gavida axali sainformacio-musikaluri xasiaTis programa, ufro zustad, wamyvanebiT gaerTianebuli dilis gadacemebis bloki `dilaadrian~, romelic 6 saaTisa da 3 wuTidan pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda jer yovel samuSao dRes, Semdeg ki, maisidan — yoveldRiurad, SabaTkviris CaTvliT. misi qronometraJi samuSao dReebSi ori saaTi iyo, xolo SabaT-kviras — sami saaTi. programa mokled exeboda yvela Temas — politikas, ekonomikas, kulturas, saerTaSoriso ambebs, Tumca mis mTavar mizans mainc radioauditoriisTvis dilis ganwyobilebis Seqmna warmoadgenda. `dilaadrian~ gamoirCeoda aseve auditoriasTan uSualo kontaqtiT. wamyvanebi xSirad sTavazobdnen msmenels raime improvizaciul Temaze saubars (magaliTad, `ras gaakeTeb radioJurna315 listi rom iyo?~, `saukeTeso kuriozi~, `raze ocnebobT?~ da a.S.). amave dros, isini mTeli programis manZilze acnobdnen mas dRis gadacemaTa ganrigs, amindis prognozs, rCevas aZlevdnen modis mimdevrebs, kulinarul receptebs sTavazobdnen diasaxlisebs da a.S. yuradRebis gareSe ar rCeboda arc RirsSesaniSnavi TariRebi. programas uZRvebodnen: Tamar cofuraSvili, merab SariqaZe, Salva londariZe, irma jalaRonia, eka talaxaZe, giorgi nioraZe, nino azmaifaraSvili da sxv. igi eTerSi iyo 2004 wlis bolomde. yvelaferi es uxvad iyo gajerebuli sxvadasxva Janris xalisiani musikiTa da simRerebiT. sainformacio-musikalur programebs unda mivakuTvnoT agreTve `eqvsidan Svidamde~ da `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebi~ (eTerSi ase cxaddeboda kidec). miuxedavad imisa, rom isini nakleboperatiuli, yovelkvireuli programebia da ufro vrcel siuJetebsac moicavs, ZiriTadad mainc informaciuli xasiaTisaa (gamosvlebi, interviuebi, reportaJebi) da musikaluri nomrebiT gaformebul mimoxilvebs emsgavseba. programa `eqvsidan Svidamde~ faqtobrivad `pikis saaTis~ yovelkvireul rusul variants warmoadgenda da 1992-1993 wlebSi yovel SabaTs gadaicemoda, rogorc saxelwodeba gviCvenebs, saRamos eqvsidan Svid saaTamde. 1993 wlis zafxulidan mas ubralod `sainformacio-musikaluri programa~ daerqva, 1995 wlidan ki sabolood ewoda `kviris Sedegebi~ da 2004 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda SabaTs an kviras 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programa gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saqarTvelos rusulenovani mosaxleobisaTvis da exeboda kviris yvela mniSvnelovan movlenas. sxvadasxva wlebSi mas amzadebdnen informaciis mTavari redaqciis rusulenovani jgufis Jurnalistebi: Tamaz kandelaki, iuri dekanosiZe, Tamar sogoraSvili, mzia kutivaZe, elna mumlaZe, Temur nadiraSvili, maka roitbaki-dedabriSvili, irina Cuprinina-kikvaZe (aqve SevniSnavT, rom bolo sami Jurnalisti rusuli respublikuri cnobebis TanamSromlebs daemata gacvliTi programebis redaqciisa da `gadacema sabWoTa armiis meomrebisaTvis~ daxurvis Semdeg. saqarTvelos radioSi bolo dromde am jgufs evaleboda yvela rusulenovani gadacemis momzadeba, rogorc operatiuli sainformacio gamoSvebebis, ise publicis316 turi programebis da misi xelmZRvaneli guram kuciava informaciis mTavari redaqciis mTavari redaqtoris moadgiled iTvleboda). 1992-1993 wlebSi informaciis mTavar redaqciaSi aseve grZeldeboda sainformacio-musikaluri programis `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebis~ momzadeba. igi gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs dilis saaTebSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da asaxavda dedaqalaqis cxovrebas, misi mosaxleobis problemebs. aqtualur, saWirboroto sakiTxebze sasaubrod studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen sxvadasxva profesiisa Tu socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebs. radgan gadacema pirdapiri xasiaTisa iyo, msmenels SeeZlo aqtiurad Cabmuliyo am saubarSi, gamoeTqva sakuTari azri, mieRo pasuxi misTvis saintereso kiTxvaze. programa moicavda mudmiv rubrikebs politikis, ekonomikis, kulturis, ekologiis da a.S. sakiTxebze. rogorc msoflios mravali radiosadguris praqtikaSi, ise saqarTvelos radios programaSic erTgvari damatebiTi sainformacio gamoSvebis rols asrulebda presis mimoxilva. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis pirveli naxevari. 1992-1995 wlebSi eTerSi mudmivad iyo rubrika `respublikuri yoveldRiuri presis mimoxilva~, romelic gadaicemoda yoveldRe, garda SabaT-kvirisa. Tavdapirvelad igi msmenelebs acnobda respublikaSi im dros gamomavali yvela Jurnal-gazeTis saintereso da mniSvnelovan statiebs, 1993 wlidan ki — mxolod `saqarTvelos respublikis~ furclebze dabeWdil masalebs. 1992-1995 wlebSi kviraSi 4-5-jer gadaicemoda ucxoeTis mediis masalebze agebuli 45-wuTiani `saqarTvelos radios daijesti~ (igi erTxans 1998 welsac gamoCnda ufro mcire qronometraJiT). igi iZleoda rogorc politikur, ise kulturul informacias, presasTan erTad zogjer iyenebda radiosadgur `amerikis xmis~ mier gavrcelebul cnobebsac. ucxoeTis Jurnal-gazeTebSi dabeWdil umniSvnelovanes statiebs, agreTve sensaciur informaciebs acnobda qarTvel msmenelebs aseve programa `pres-reviu~, romelic 1998-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad 2-3-jer iyo eTerSi (qronometraJi 10 wuTi). 1993 wels mzaddeboda programa `qarTuli damoukidebe317 li presis mimoxilva~, romelic kviraSi oTxjer gadaicemoda 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. misi gamoCena ganapiroba saqarTveloSi demokratizaciis procesma, Tavisufali sityvis ganviTarebam da sxvadasxva mimarTulebis damoukidebeli JurnalgazeTebis masobrivad gamocemam. ase rom, 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi operatiul-informaciul mauwyeblobas wamyvani adgili uWiravs. informaciuli xasiaTis gadacemebi TiTqmis yvelaze met dros ikavebs. wina planze wamoiwia faqtebisa da movlenebis operatiulma fiqsaciam, maTma `cocxlad~ gadmocemam pirdapir eTerSi, rac upirvelesad uaxles informaciaze auditoriis mzardi moTxovnilebiT aris gamowveuli. publicisturi mauwyeblobis meore mimarTulebas warmoadgens Tematur-analitikuri mauwyebloba, romelsac praqtikaSi ufro sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobas uwodeben (Tumca Tavisi arsiT informaciuli mauwyeblobac sazogadoebriv-politikuri xasiaTisaa). igi moicavs saSinao da sagareo politikis, ekonomikis, kulturis, samarTlisa da moralis, yofa-cxovrebis sakiTxebs da a.S. mas Tavisi aqtualurobisa da gamokveTili propagandistuli xasiaTis gamo (faqtebisa da movlenebis interpretacia-ganzogadeba, cxovrebiseuli tendenciebis gaazreba da sazogadoebisaTvis garkveuli socialuri orientirebis dasaxva) yovelTvis didi adgili ekava saqarTvelos radios programaSi. magram 90-iani wlebidan, jer kidev pirveli erovnuli xelisuflebis droidan, igi Tavisi suliskveTebiT radikalurad gansxvavdeboda wina aTwleulebisagan. ZiriTadi Tavisebureba, rac axasiaTebs 90-iani wlebisa da axali saukunis dasawyisis saqarTvelos radios sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobas, isaa, rom igi uSualod ukavSirdeba mimdinare socialur-politikur, ekonomikur da kulturul movlenebs, Rebulobs operatiuli analizis formas da faqtobrivad sainformacio-analitikur mauwyeblobad yalibdeba. amasTan, 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radio gansakuTrebiT politizebuli xdeba da politikuri Temebi programaSi wamyvan adgils ikavebs. es, ra Tqma unda, ganapiroba saqarTvelos damoukidebel saxelmwifod Camoyalibebam, 318 orjer xelisuflebis Secvlam, teritoriuli mTlianobis rRvevam, politikur Zalebs Soris gamudmebulma dapirispirebam da sxva Sida Tu gare faqtorebma. am periodis gadacemaTa reitingi cxadyofs, rom radioauditoria aSkara upiratesobas aniWebs politikuri informaciiT gajerebul gadacemebs, aqtiurad monawileobs amgvar programebSi satelefono kavSirisa da werilebis meSveobiT. TandaTan xSirdeba studiaSi politikuri liderebis mowveva da msmenelebis pirdapiri kontaqti maTTan programis msvlelobaSi. dialoguri gadacemebi scildeba studiis farglebs da toqSoud gadaqcevis tendencias iCens. 1992 wels saqarTvelos radioSi daiwyo 45-wuTiani yovelkvireuli programis `reglamentis~ momzadeba, romelic 19931999 wlebSi naxevarsaaTiani gaxda da kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda eTerSi. `reglamenti~ operatiulad aSuqebda qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis sakiTxebs, sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis muSaobas, afxazeTSi brZolebis mimdinareobas, ekonomikuri reformebis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs da sxv. programaSi saubrobdnen adamianis uflebaTa dacvaze, mosaxleobis socialur garantiebze, umuSevrobis zrdaze, sxva yofiT problemebze (wamyvanebi: lia wiklauri, lela vaSakiZe, medea cxovrebaZe). amave wels gamoCnda eTerSi 1-saaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `faqti plusi~, romelSic yvelaze mniSvnelovan faqtebsa da movlenebs emateba maTi analizi. programa Tematuradac da Janrobrivadac mravalferovani iyo — exmaureboda yvela siaxles, ganixilavda politikur, ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul problemebs. `reglamentisagan~ gansxvavebiT igi pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda da did dros uTmobda radiomsmenelebis urTierTobas studiaSi mowveul pirebTan. ZiriTadad erT gamoSvebaSi erTi aqtualuri Tema ganixileboda. Tu romelime stumari studiaSi mosvlas ver moaxerxebda, igi kamaTSi satelefono kavSiris saSualebiT erTveboda. sxvadasxva dros programaSi monawileobdnen iuristebi zurab adeiSvili da inga Todria, religiamcodne nugzar papuaSvili, fsiqologi nana CaCua, strategiul gamokvlevaTa centris direqtori naTela saxokia, politologebi soso cinca319 Ze da paata zaqareiSvili, fsiqologiuri centris direqtori manana SaraSiZe da sxv. 2003 wels programis xSiri stumari iyo mixeil saakaSvili. `faqti plusi~ 1995-2004 wlebSi 40-50 wuTis xangrZlivobiT gadaicemoda. mas sxvadasxva dros uZRvebodnen marika CxartiSvili (programis pirveli avtori), dodo Sonava da irma jalaRonia. 1993-1995 wlebSi kviris ganmavlobaSi momxdar faqtebsa da movlenebs aanalizebda yovelkvireuli 50-wuTiani programa `aqtualuri mikrofoni~ — studiaSi mowveul pirebTan erTad maT Sesaxeb pirdapir eTerSi msjelobdnen radiomsmenelebic. xSirad iyo satelefono CarTvebi sxvadasxva regionebidan an movlenis adgilidan. programas monacvleobiT uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: nodar beTaniSvili, ilia mxeiZe, Tamaz xmalaZe. 1996-1999 wlebSi programa Seicvala imave saxelwodebis 15-wuTiani rubrikiT, romelic kviraSi ramdenimejer gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi da konkretuli problemebis gadaWraze amaxvilebda yuradRebas — warmatebiT iTavsebda wminda organizatorul funqcias. rubrikas uZRveboda saqarTvelos radios politikuri mimomxilveli nodar beTaniSvili. 1993 wels sazogadoebriv-politikur mauwyeblobas Seemata 1-saaTiani yovelkvireuli sainformacio-analitikuri programa `dRes~. igi iwyeboda sainformacio blokiT kviris manZilze momxdari movlenebis Sesaxeb. Semdgom ganixileboda dRis yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia. studiaSi mowveuli iyvnen sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi — politikosebi, ekonomistebi, sociologebi, fsiqologebi, literatorebi da a.S. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi ganixileboda respublikis konfliqtur regionebSi Seqmnili situacia, msoflios damokidebuleba mis mimarT, saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierToba, qveyanaSi Seqmnili yofiTi problemebi, devnilTa mdgomareoba, ekonomikuri krizisi da a.S. programa gadaicemoda Canaweris saxiT, uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: lia wiklauri, medea cxovrebaZe, arCil CxartiSvili. 1996-1999 wlebSi `dRes~ naxevarsaaTiani gaxda, uZRveboda avtori — lia wiklauri. Zneli SesamCnevi araa, rom yvela zemoT ganxiluli prog320 rama erTmaneTis msgavsia. gansxvaveba mxolod isaa, rom zogi pirdapir gadaicema eTerSi da zogi Canaweris saxiT. magaliTad, 1992-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad eTerSia sami erTnairi gadacema: `reglamenti~, `faqti plusi~ da `dRes~ (aRarafers vambobT `aqtualur mikrofonze~, romelsac 1993-1995 wlebSi aseve maTi msgavsi programis saxe aqvs). wamyvanebis nawilic or erTnair gadacemas uZRveba da TviTon am gadacemebSic arcTu iSviaTad erTi da igive pirebi monawileoben. aseTi situacia an isev radios zedmeti politizaciiT aixsneba, anda programirebis xarvezebiT da igi 2000 wlidan ramdenadme daregulirda kidec. 1992 wels kvlav grZeldeboda 1-saaTiani rusulenovani sazogadoebriv-politikuri programis `speqtris~ gadacema. 1993-1996 wlebSi misi xangrZlivoba 25 wuTamde Semcirda, 1997-1998 wlebSi ki Seicvala axali gadacemiT `Tema~. es iyo politikuri toqSou, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (rigrigobiT uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: maia roitbaki-dedabriSvili, mzia kutivaZe, Temur nadiraSvili, irina Cuprinina). orive programa rusulenovani mosaxleobisTvis iyo gankuTvnili da igive funqciebi ekisreboda, rac zemoT ganxilul qarTul sazogadoebriv-politikur programebs. sxva programebidan aRsaniSnavia yovelkvireuli programa `faqti, komentari~ (1997-1998), romelsac pirdapir eTerSi uZRveboda Jurnalisti nino cxoiZe. auditorias saSualeba hqonda moesmina sxvadasxva mosazreba problematuri sakiTxebis irgvliv, gacnoboda politikuri partiebis cxovrebas, xelisuflebasa da opozicias Soris arsebul winaaRmdegobebs, qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis perspeqtivebs da a.S. 1996 wlidan tradiciad iqca saqarTvelos prezidentis eduard SevardnaZis interviu, romelic yovel orSabaTs, dilis 10 saaTze gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. igi pasuxs scemda im kiTxvebs, romelic ainteresebda saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, komentars ukeTebda kviris manZilze momxdar mniSvnelovan movlenebs, saubrobda momavlis gegmebze da a.S. Tumca ZiriTadad es interviu sazogadoebrivi azriT manipulirebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, igi uTuod iwvevda 321 radiomsmenelebis didi nawilis interess. intervius mudmivad uZRveboda Jurnalisti nato oniani (gadacema prezidentis gadadgomamde grZeldeboda). 2000-2001 wlebSi sazogadoebriv-politikuri programebis ricxvs miemata programa `politika de faqto~, romelic kviraSi erTxel, SabaTobiT, mimoixilavda rogorc saqarTvelos, ise sazRvargareTis politikur cxovrebas (avtori da wamyvani lia wiklauri). aseve politikuri xasiaTis iyo programa `rakursi~, romelic 2000-2002 wlebSi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 50 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvani lia wiklauri). toqSous forma, romelic iTvaliswinebs gadacemaSi radiomsmenelebis aqtiur monawileobas satelefono CarTvebis meSveobiT da axasiaTebda zemoT ganxilul radioprogramebs, yvelaze TvalsaCinod gamovlinda `radioklub `kontaqtSi~ (isic ar unda iyos SemTxveviTi, rom mas Tavidanve `klubi~ uwodes da ara `programa~, xolo `kontaqti~ radiomsmenelebTan uSualo kavSiris principze migvaniSnebda). igi eTerSi gadioda 1992 wlidan 2004 wlis bolomde, yovel SabaTs, 1 saaTis moculobiT. Tumca `kontaqti~ `pikis saaTis~ redaqciaSi aRmocenda, mas Tavidan monacvleobiT amzadebdnen sxvadasxva redaqciis TanamSromlebi da eTerSi sxvadasxva Jurnalisti uZRveboda (magaliTad, lia ZiZiguri, nato oniani, lia wiklauri, Tamaz xmalaZe da sxv.). bolo 10 wlis manZilze ki `klubis~ erTpirovnuli wamyvani gaxda Jurnalisti giorgi CokoSvili. `klubSi~ saubrobdnen mniSvnelovan politikur, ekonomikur, socialur Tu sxva movlenebze, rac kviris manZilze qveyanaSi an mis farglebs gareT moxda. studiaSi mowveuli sxvadasxva sferos warmomadgenlebi pirdapir eTerSi aanalizebdnen am movlenebs da ekamaTebodnen telefonis meSveobiT gadacemaSi monawile radiomsmenelebs. gansakuTrebiT didi dro eTmoboda prezident e. SevardnaZis orSabaTis interviuSi wamoWril sakiTxebs, xSirad am intervius fragmentebsac iyenebdnen. garkveuli TaviseburebiT xasiaTdeboda yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani sainformacio-analitikuri programa `aTasi wvrilmani~ (1993-1997 wlebi). igi exmaureboda yvela movlenas, rac saqarTveloSi xdeboda, iqneboda es politikuri, ekono322 mikuri Tu socialuri xasiaTisa. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi da interviuebi, magram, rac mTavaria, programis avtori da wamyvani ilia kevliSvili studiaSi kiTxulobda radiomsmenelTa mier gamogzavnil werilebs da kompetenturi pirebis daxmarebiT pasuxobda maT kiTxvebs. es albaT erTaderTi gadacemaa 1991-2004 wlebis publicistur mauwyeblobaSi, sadac komunikatorisa da auditoriis urTierTkavSiri momentalurad ki ar xorcieldeba pirdapir eTerSi satelefono CarTvebiT, aramed radiomsmenelTa werilebis meSveobiT. rogorc Cans, aq garkveuli roli Seasrula im gamocdilebam, romelic avtorma werilebze agebuli gadacemebis — `saRamo mSvidobisa~ da `studenturi diskoTekis~ momzadebisas SeiZina. faqtobrivad, `aTasi wvrilmanis~ gagrZelebas warmoadgenda ilia kevliSvilis meore programa `informacia gansjisaTvis~, romelic 1997 wlis noembridan 2004 wlamde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programa ZiriTadad socialur Temebs exeboda, ganixileboda problemuri sakiTxebi, romlebic yvelaze metad awuxebda mosaxleobas: ekonomikuri krizisi, adamianis uflebebis darRveva, socialurad daucveli fenebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa mdgomareoba, qveynis kulturisa da sportis degradacia da a.S. programas ZiriTadad erTi stumari hyavda, iSviaTad — ramdenime. erTsa da imave programas zogjer ramdenime gadacema eTmoboda (magaliTad, sam-sami gadacema momzadda ninowmindaSi upatrono bavSvTa saxlis daarsebisa da gazis saerTaSoriso korporacia `iteras~ Sesaxeb). Tu `aTas wvrilmanSi~ ufro reportaJebi Warbobda, es programa ZiriTadad studiur dialogze iyo agebuli, Tumca zogjer aqac iyo xolme satelefono CarTvebi. 1999 wlis Tebervlidan eTerSi gavida Jurnalist ilia kevliSvilis kidev erTi saavtoro gadacema `cxeli talRa~, romelic 2003 wlis noembramde yovel xuTSabaTs iyo eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT — jer gadaicemoda SuadRisTvis, Semdeg ki imave dRes meordeboda saRamos saaTebSi (2002 wels igi `radio-2~-is programaSic iyo CarTuli). igi ewyoboda Tbilisis meris vano zodelavas misaRebidan da xSirad ramdenime sa323 xelwodebiT cxaddeboda: `cxeli talRa~ anu vano zodelavas radiomisaRebi~, `vano zodelava da Tbiliselebi~. gadacema xan pirdapir eTerSi iyo (saWiroebis mixedviT), xan kidev Canaweris saxiT miewodeboda msmenels. studiaSi, ufro zustad, meris misaRebSi, wamyvanTan erTad mxolod erTi respondenti ijda — Tavad qalaqis meri da Jurnalisti xSirad usvamda xazs mis damsaxurebas qalaqis mwvave problemebis gadawyvetaSi. gadacemis pirveli nawili eTmoboda dedaqalaqis problemebze saubars, xolo meore — Semosul werilebze pasuxis gacemas, daxmarebis Txovnaze gamoxmaurebas. zogjer gadacemaSi erTveboda Canaweri Tbilisis quCebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvebidan, sadac moqalaqeebi saubrobdnen TavianT yofiT problemebze da mers sTavazobdnen saqmian winadadebebs. unda iTqvas, rom `cxeli talRa~ am periodSi saqarTvelos radios yvela gadacemaze metad asrulebda Jurnalistikis organizatorul funqcias da garkveulwilad xels uwyobda konkretuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetas. 2002-2004 wlebSi pirdapir eTerSi iyo gadacema `gansxvavebuli azri~. mis Taviseburebas Seadgenda is, rom uZRveboda ara profesiuli Jurnalisti (Tumca sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da uSualod xelmZRvanelobda mTavari redaqtori), aramed garedan mowveuli, sazogadoebisaTvis avtoritetuli pirovneba, romelic erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda gadacemaTa erT ciklze erTi Temis garSemo. am Temis mixedviT wamyvani Tavad irCevda da studiaSi iwvevda saWiro pirebs. sxvadasxva dros `gansxvavebuli azris~ wamyvanebi iyvnen: mxatvari gia buRaZe (`saxelmwifoebrivi orientacia~), profesori valeri loria (`konstituciuri SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris~), poeti rati amaRlobeli (`Tbilisi — Cemi qalaqi~), reJisori merab kokoCaSvili (`saqvelmoqmedo saqmianoba saqarTveloSi~) da sxv. `gansxvavebuli azri~ ZiriTadad emyareboda studiuri dialogis formas, gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi kviraSi orjer, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. aqtiuri politikuri Tu socialuri problematikiT datvirTuli gadacemebis gverdiT kvlav grZeldeboda medea gegeSiZis saavtoro programis `TanagrZnobis~ gadacema. igi, 324 rogorc adre aRiniSna, 1989 wels Seiqmna da avtoris gardacvalebamde, 1999 wlis Suaxanebamde yovel SabaTs iyo eTerSi 1 saaTis moculobiT. Tavisi TiTqmis ormocwliani moRvaweobis manZilze saqarTvelos radioSi medea gegeSiZem mravali SesaniSnavi gadacema moamzada da mraval popularul rubrikas Cauyara safuZveli, magram misi Jurnalisturi niWi da gamocdileba yvelaze metad gamoikveTa swored programa `TanagrZnobaSi~, romelic eTerSi `radioarxis~ saxeliT gadioda. es iyo marTlac adamianis TanagrZnobis, misi siyvarulisa da ndobis radioarxi, mxatvruli radiopublicistikis namdvili nimuSi. nimuSi imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba adamianebis gamxneveba, imedis Canergva, siyvarulisa da sikeTis rwmenis dabruneba, rasac swored im periodSi — ngreviT, tanjviTa da uimedobiT aRsavse 90-ian wlebSi hqonda yvelaze didi mniSvneloba. radioarx `TanagrZnobis~ Tematuri da Janrobrivi struqtura xSirad icvleboda gadacemidan gadacemamde: xan gulaxdili interviuebi Warbobda, xan portretuli Canaxatebi Tu reportaJuli dakvirvebani; studiaSi mowveul cnobil poets aseve cnobili fsiqologi cvlida (rubrika `adamianis instituti~), fsiqologs — sruliad ubralo, rigiTi adamiani, magram uaRresad saintereso swored Tavisi ubraloebiTa da adamianuri RirsebiT. `TanagrZnobis~ mudmivi rubrikebi iyo: `saukunis dasawyisidan~, `cxovreba baraTebSi~ (Jurnalisti maia wereTeli msmenels acnobda gamoCenil qarTvel SemoqmedTa werilebs), `zepiri memuarebi~ (saxviTi xelovnebis warmomadgenelTa cxovrebaze), `medalionebi~ (portretuli radionarkvevebi) da sxv. xSirad kiTxulobdnen nawyvetebs axalgamosuli wignebidan, msjelobdnen istoriis, religiis, sportis sakiTxebze da a.S. `TanagrZnobis~ bevr gamoSvebas yovelTvis eqneba Tavisi Rirebuleba. isini daculia radios iSviaTi Canawerebis fondSi da 2004 wlamde drodadro gadaicemoda kidec. 1992-2003 wlebSi grZeldeboda agreTve zogierTi tradiciuli programis momzadebac. pirvel rigSi es iyo programa `lile~ — gaTanamedrovebuli varianti `soflis dilisa~, romelic saqarTvelos radioSi 50-60-iani wlebidan arsebobda. `lile~ mzaddeboda saxalxo meurneobis mTavar redaqciaSi, soflis meurneobis ganyofilebaSi (es redaqcia, rogorc ad325 rec aRiniSna, mogvianebiT sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciasTan gaerTianda) da 1992-1998 wlebSi gadaicemoda yoveldRe, garda SabaT-kvirisa, adrian diliT, 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. uZRvebodnen Jurnalistebi: dilar jvebenava, zurab maxaraZe, gela zedelaSvili, megi janeliZe, barbare benaSvili. 1998 wlis ivlisidan misi perioduloba Seicvala — igi mxolod SabaT-kviras gadaicemoda da monacvleobiT uZRvebodnen dilar jvebenava da zurab maxaraZe. `lile~ operatiulad aSuqebda saqarTvelos soflis meurneobaSi mimdinare procesebs, cdilobda aesaxa am sferoSi arsebuli siaxleebi da problemebi. igi moicavda mokle sainformacio gamoSvebas, mudmiv rubrikebs: `sasoflo-sameurneo mimoxilva~, `rCeva mebaRes~, `soflis gasaWiri~ (interviuebi raionis xelmZRvanelobasTan, TviTon mSromelebTan — mevenaxeebTan, mwyemsebTan da a.S.). studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen dargis specialistebs. 1998 wlis ivlisidan, roca `lile~ SabaT-kviras damkvidrda, zogierTma misma rubrikam (`kaleidoskopi~, `rCeva mebaRes~, `saqarTvelos soflebi~, `Wotebi da torolebi~) damoukidebeli gadacemis saxe miiRo da `dilaadrianis~ blokSi gadainacvla. aseve `liles~ paralelurad gadaicemoda eTerSi 2001-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireuli 30wuTiani programa `amer-imeri~, romelsac monacvleobiT amzadebdnen Jurnalistebi: ivane jafariZe da dilar jvebenava (am ukanasknelis gardacvalebis Semdeg — barbare benaSvili). 1992-2004 wlebSi mzaddeboda sxva gadacemebic, romlebic dargobrivi Tu ara, gamokveTili Tematuri mimarTulebiT mainc gamoirCeoda. ucxoeTis qveynebze mauwyeblobis mTavari redaqcia 1992-1995 wlebSi kvlav gadascemda yovelkvireul 20-wuTian programas `qveynebi da kontinentebi~. studiaSi mowveuli saerTaSoriso mimomxilvelebi saubrobdnen ucxoeTSi mimdinare movlenebze, kviris axal ambebze, ganixilavdnen Cveni qveynis sagareo politikis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, saqarTvelos kontaqtebs gare samyarosTan. programaSi CarTuli iyo interviuebi sazRvargareTis qveynebis warmomadgenlebTan, reportaJebi ucxour delegaciaTa vizitebis Sesaxeb da a.S. 2000-2001 wlebSi am programis erTgvar analogs warmoadgenda yovelkvireuli 20-wuTiani gadacema `mzera Tbilisi326 dan~ (avtori Samil WiabriSvili, wamyvani TamTa kokelaZe). ucxoeTSi mcxovreb qarTvel emigrantebs eZRvneboda amave redaqciis programa `gza~ (albaT igulisxmeboda is gza, romelic ganvlo 20-iani wlebidan evropas TavSefarebulma qarTulma politikurma emigraciam). igi gadaicemoda 19922003 wlebSi kviraSi erTxel, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRveboda Jurnalisti nana lomiZe. programaSi xSirad iyo interviuebi sazRvargareT moRvawe qarTvelebTan, msmenelebs acnobdnen ucxoeTSi arsebuli qarTuli organizaciebis saqmianobas da a.S. dasamaxsovrebeli iyo gadacema viqtor nozaZis Sesaxeb, romelSic CarTuli iyo `radiosadgur `Tavisuflebis~ qarTulenovani mauwyeblobis veteranis karlo inasariZis adrindeli interviu parizSi mcxovreb 80 wlis viqtor nozaZesTan da nana lomiZis interviu viqtor nozaZis ZmisSvil xaTuna nozaZesTan. aseve, msmenelTa didi interesi gamoiwvia gadacemam safrangeTSi mcxovrebi qarTveli poetis giorgi yifianis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, grigol robaqiZeze, mixako wereTelze, noe Jordanias ojaxze da sxv. es gadacemebi mzaddeboda germaniaSi mcxovrebi Jurnalistis, radio `Tavisuflebis~ qarTuli ganyofilebis yofili direqtoris karlo inasariZis arqivis safuZvelze. radioprogramas did daxmarebas uwevdnen agreTve profesori guram SaraZe, qarTuli emigraciis muzeumi, TvalsaCino qarTveli mwerlebi da sazogado moRvaweebi, visac urTierToba hqonda qarTul emigraciasTan. rogorc cnobilia, gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan ucxoeTSi axali qarTuli emigraciis Camoyalibeba daiwyo (sxvadasxva monacemebiT sazRvargareTis qveynebSi milionamde Cveni Tanamemamulea wasuli saarsebo wyaros mosapoveblad). amitom sruliad bunebrivia, rom amave redaqciaSi maTTvis daiwyes axali programis `yovelTa qarTvelTas~ momzadeba. programa Seiqmna 1996 wels organizacia `yovelTa qarTvelTa kongresis~ TanadgomiT da 2000 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. cxadia, am gadacemis ZiriTadi stumrebi da gmirebi swored samSoblos mowyvetili Cveni Tanamemamuleebi iyvnen. programa `yovelTa qarTvelTa~ xSirad gadaicemoda qvesaTaurebiT: `qarTvelebi TurqeTSi~, `qarTvelebi parizSi~, qarTvelebi berlinSi~ da a.S. 327 erTTemiani, gamokveTili mimarTulebis gadacemebs ganekuTvneboda radioprograma `mxedruli~, romelic 1992-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT. programis mTavari Tema iyo erovnuli armiis mSenebloba, misi dRevandeli cxovreba da momavali ganviTarebis gzebi. ganixileboda saqarTvelos saSinao da sagareo samxedro politikis, samxedro-samoqalaqo urTierTobis aqtualuri sakiTxebi. 1992-1993 wlebSi farTod Suqdeboda afxazeTSi mimdinare brZolebi da programis audioarqivs bevri qarTveli mebrZolis, samSoblosaTvis Tavdadebuli mamuliSvilis xma SemorCa. programaSi xSirad iyo reportaJebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi ganlagebuli sajariso nawilebidan, interviuebi jariskacebTan da meTaurebTan, Suqdeboda saqarTvelosa da sazRvargareTis samxedro-politikuri urTierTobebi, samxedro ganaTlebis sakiTxebi da sxv. regularulad gadaicemoda informaciebi sazRvargareTis qveynebSi samxedro momzadebis, saqarTveloSi ucxoeli umaRlesi samxedro pirebis vizitebis, Tanamedrove samxedro bazebSi danergili uaxlesi teqnologiebis, wvrTnisa da aRWurvis programebSi Cveni monawileobis Sesaxeb da a.S. programa `mxedruls~ Tan mosdevda naxevarsaaTiani koncerti `erovnuli armiis meomrebisaTvis~. TiTo-orola gadacema mzaddeboda qalebisaTvis da qalebis Sesaxebac. ase magaliTad, 1992-1993 wlebSic kvlavindeburad gadaicemoda yovelkvireuli 45-wuTiani programa `mxolod qalebisaTvis~, romelsac amzadebda sainformacio-musikaluri programis `pikis saaTis~ saredaqcio jgufi (wamyvanebi: nana jafariZe, marika darCia, nino ramiSvili, manana laWyepiani). programis yvela gamoSvebaSi msmenelebs (savaraudod, qalebs) aZlevdnen kosmetologiur rCevebs, acnobdnen kulinarul receptebs qarTuli da ucxouri kerZebis mosamzadeblad. studiaSi mowveuli stumrebi saubrobdnen iseT globalur problemebze, rogoricaa narkomania, Sidsi, alkoholizmi, qalTa uflebebis darRveva da a.S. programis yvela gamoSvebaSi msmeneli xvdeboda gamoCenil qarTvel qalbatonebs, ismenda maTTan intervius Tu reportaJs ojaxidan. programis mudmivi rubrika iyo `vuxmobT dedaTa CvenTa~ (bavSvTa aR328 zrdis Sesaxeb), agreTve rubrikebi: `qali da musika~, `Teatri da ojaxi~ (momReral da msaxiob qalTa cxovrebaze) da sxv. 1995-1998 wlebSi programas `mxolod qalebisaTvis~, mohyva `programa qalebisaTvis~ anu gepatiJebiT radioklubSi `finjan Caize~. mas amzadebda saSinao politikis mTavari redaqcia, mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis jgufi, gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvanebi: nanuli WavWaniZe, irine keSelava, barbare benaSvili). programa, cxadia, ZiriTadad aSuqebda im problemebs, romlebic qalebis saqmianobasa da yofa-cxovrebasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. studiaSi mowveuli cnobili qarTveli mandilosnebi tradiciulad saubrobdnen TavianT cxovrebasa da saqmianobaze. gadacemaSi CarTuli iyo astrologiuri prognozi, kosmetologiuri da kulinariuli rCevebi, bavSvTa aRzrdis problematuri sakiTxebi, informaciebi qalTa saukeTeso salonebze da a.S. saqarTvelos radios eTerSi Tavisi adgili ekava samarTlebriv Temasac. 1992 wels adrindeli gadacemebis nacvlad Seiqmna axali programa `kanoni kanonia~, romelic kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvanebi, Jurnalistebi: dimitri lobJaniZe da lili maisuraZe) da 1999 wlis bolomde arsebobda. igi garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo informaciasac iZleoda — operatiulad aSuqebda samarTlebriv sferoSi momxdar movlenebs, studiaSi mowveuli samarTalmcodneebi da samarTaldamcavi struqturebis warmomadgenlebi saubrobdnen sakonstitucio cvlilebebze, axalmiRebul kanonebze, adamianis uflebebis dacvaze da sxv. magram programas upirvelesad publicisturi daniSnuleba hqonda (rac, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia bevri samarTlebrivi gadacemisaTvis) — ganixilavda respublikaSi arsebul kriminalur viTarebas, acxadebda dakargul moqalaqeTa Sesaxeb da a.S. programis bolo 10 wuTi eTmoboda msmenelTa SekiTxvebs, Tumca pirdapiri dialogi ar mimdinareobda — SekiTxvebs windawin iwerdnen da specialistebi Semdgom iZleodnen ganmartebas. Semdgom programa `kanoni kanonias~ nacvlad Seiqmna programebi: `Cemi uflebebi~ (mogvianebiT, `Tqveni uflebebi~, 20002004) da `iuridiuli konsultacia~ (2001-2002). pirveli maTga329 ni imiT gansxvavdeboda wina samarTlebrivi programebisagan, rom msmenels SeeZlo Tavad daesva SekiTxva pirdapir eTerSi da maSinve mieRo pasuxi iuridiuli konsultantis, parlamentis kvleviTi centris wamyvani specialistis lali yifSiZisagan. aseTi cocxali komunikacia uTuod xels uwyobda gadacemis popularobas. rac Seexeba meore gadacemas, isic pirdapir eTerSi uwevda konsultacias radiomsmenelebs, ZiriTadad socialur sakiTxebze (binebis privatizacia, qonebrivi deklaracia, yofiTi problemebi), magram aq wamyvani irine Rlonti winaswar Caweril SekiTxvebs pasuxobda. sakonsultacio xasiaTisa iyo agreTve toqSou `socialuri saaTi mrgval magidasTan~, romelic 2002-2004 wlebSi jer kviraSi orjer, Semdeg ki erTxel gadioda pirdapir eTerSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (wamyvani lia wiklauri). igi radiomsmenelebs acnobda im samarTlebriv da socialur uflebebs, romlebic yovel moqalaqes kanoniT aqvs miniWebuli, aswavlida maT rogor daecvaT es uflebebi, rogor emoqmedaT da visTvis miemarTaT saWiro SemTxvevaSi. am mizniT redaqciaSi winaswar iwereboda radiomsmenelTa mier telefoniT mowodebuli SekiTxvebi, saCivrebi, winadadebebi, romlebic Semdeg ganixileboda gadacemaSi saTanado specialistebis mier, anda uSualod gvardeboda redaqciis daxmarebiT (garda amisa, gadacemis rigi gamoSvebebi eZRvneboda samedicino sakiTxebs, rasac mogvianebiT ganvixilavT). calke unda gamoiyos gadacemebi ekonomikisa da biznesis Temaze. damoukidebel saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebi did gavlenas axdenda am sferos mdgomareobaze. samoqalaqo dapirispirebam da omma afxazeTSi, qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis rRvevam, aTwleulobiT moqmedi ekonomikuri kavSirebis gawyvetam, kriminaluri bandebis TareSma da sayovelTao korufciam, sxva arasasurvelma Sida da gare faqtorebma dangrevis piras miiyvana qveynis ekonomika. swored ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevis gzebis Zieba da sasikeTo Zvrebis operatiuli asaxva iyo mudmivi funqcia im gadacemebisa, romlebic iqmneboda ekonomikur Temaze 1992-2004 wlebSi. am gadacemebs amzadebdnen rogorc saSinao politikis, ise axalgazrdobisa da sainformacio-musikaluri programebis redaqciaTa TanamSromlebi. 330 samoqalaqo dapirispirebisa da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis periodSi, rogorc aRiniSna, teleradiocentris Senobidan regularuli mauwyebloba Sewyda da mxolod ramdenime Tvis Semdeg ganaxlda. gadacemebis nawili kvlav gavida eTerSi, nawili ki axliT Seicvala. 1992 wels komerciuli programa `bumerangi~ isev gadioda eTerSi, magram 1993 wlidan igi Secvala saSinao politikis mTavari redaqciis programa `biznesklubma~ (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti qeTevan TergiaSvili). `biznesklubi~ 1994 wels kviraSi orjer, xolo 1995 wels erTxel gadaicemoda 25 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da, cxadia, ZiriTadad biznesmenebs uTmobda eTers (rubrikebi: `informacia biznesis samyarodan~, `mewarmeTa Tvalsazrisi~, `biznesdosie~ da sxv.). 1993 wlidan eTerSi gamoCnda agreTve yovelkvireuli 5-wuTiani gadacema `biznesklubis radiobirJa~, 1994-1995 wlebSi mas ubralod `radiobirJa~ erqva. `bumerangis~ msgavsad, programa `ekonomika, biznesi, komercia~ Seicvala axali yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani rubrikiT `saubrebi ekonomikaze~. masSi Semavali gadacemebi exeboda kerZo sakuTrebas, mrewvelobis mdgomareobas, sabanko saqmianobas, birJebs, ekonomikuri reformis mimdinareobas da a.S. 1992 wels aseve kviraSi erTxel iyo 15-20-wuTiani calkeuli gadacema ekonomikis sxvadasxva sakiTxze: saqarTvelos ekonomikur urTierTobaze sazRvargareTis qveynebTan, ekonomikuri ganviTarebis modelebze (`romel models airCevs saqarTvelo~?) da a.S. mzaddeboda programa `bazari da orientacia~, masSi xSirad msjelobdnen regionebis ekonomikur mdgomareobaze, sagadasaxado reformebze da sxv. 1995 wlidan ekonomikur mauwyeblobas Seemata mTeli rigi axali programebi: 1995-1999 wlebSi saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda yovelkvireuli 25-wuTiani programa `ekonomika-biznesi~ (avtorebi: marika silagaZe da qeTevan TergiaSvili). programa mimoixilavda saqarTveloSi arsebul socialur da yofiT problemebs, ekonomikis sferoSi gatarebul reformebs. masSi CarTuli iyo dialogebi ucxoel investorebTan da mrewvelebTan, gancxadebebi da reklamebi. farTod Suqdeboda mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis sakiTxebi, umuSevrebisTvis gadaicemoda informaciebi vakansiebis Sesa331 xeb, reportaJebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionidan da a.S. aseve, 1998-1999 wlebSi met-naklebi periodulobiT eTerSi iyo gadacema `bazris monitori~ (15 wT.) da 2000 wels — `bizneskurieri~ (15 wT.). amave periodSi mzaddeboda 20-25-wuTiani yovelkvireuli programa `biznesklubi~ (wamyvani — Jurnalisti maia gvritiSvili). igi imeorebda 1993-1995 wlebSi arsebuli saSinao politikis mTavari redaqciis programis saxelwodebas, magram ramdenadme gansxvavebuli Tematika hqonda — radiomsmenelebs acnobda msoflio biznesis ambebs, ucxoel da qarTvel biznesmenTa TanamSromlobas. rubrika `biznesdosies~ saSualebiT dainteresebul pirebs SeeZlo mieRoT informacia sxvadasxva firmis produqciis Sesaxeb, erTxans igi damoukidebeli rubrikac iyo. `biznesklubSi~ regularulad monawileobdnen ekonomikis specialistebi, biznesmenebi, sagadasaxado inspeqciis warmomadgenlebi. 1997-1998 wlebSi gadaicemoda 1-saaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `marketingis siaxleni~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda marketingis sferoSi mimdinare cvlilebebs, misi ganviTarebis gzebs Cvens qveyanaSi da sxva saintereso informaciebs. rogorc vxedavT, ekonomikur Temas saqarTvelos radioSi 1992-2004 wlebSi sakmaod didi dro hqonda daTmobili, magram isic advili SesamCnevia, rom bevri rubrika da programa erTmaneTs imeorebs — icvleba saxelwodeba, magram igive rCeba avtori da gadacemis suliskveTeba. TvalSi sacemia isic, rom ekonomikur Temaze erTdroulad da erTmaneTTan SeuTanxmeblad ramdenime mTavari redaqcia muSaobs (saSinao politikis, sainformacio-musikaluri programebis, axalgazrduli gadacemebis). es ki iwvevs Temebis dublirebas da xels uSlis am sferoSi mauwyeblobis erTiani politikis SemuSavebas. 3. mxatvruli mauwyebloba damoukideblobis pirobebSi mxatvrul mauwyeblobas arsebiTi cvlilebebi ar ganucdia. ra Tqma unda, Seiqmna axali gadacemebi, magram kvlav darCa bevri tradiciuli rubrika da mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebic ar Secvlila. ro332 gorc Cans, amis saWiroeba arc yofila. politikurisgan gansxvavebiT mxatvruli mauwyebloba drois koniunqturaze naklebad iyo damokidebuli da axal pirobebSi ubralod mas meti saSualeba mieca maradiuli esTetikuri da zneobrivi Rirebulebebis warmosaCenad. 1992-2004 wlebSi literaturuli mauwyebloba (literaturuli gadacemebis ganyofileba) kvlavindeburad did adgils uTmobda qarTuli Tu ucxouri poeziisa da prozis saukeTeso nimuSebs. isev iyo eTerSi tradiciuli rubrikebi. 2000 wlamde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda `poeti mikrofonTan~ (sakuTari nawarmoebebis kiTxva — 10 wuTi), kviraSi orjer — `poezia upirveles yovlisa~ (cnobil poetTa leqsebi msaxiobebis kiTxviT — 5 wuTi). 1996-2004 wlebSi maT daemata yovelkvireuli 20-wuTiani rubrika `poeziis qnari~ (ZiriTadad ikiTxeboda calkeul poetTa Semoqmedebis nimuSebi). 2004 wels eTerSi gamoCnda yovelkvireuli 5-wuTiani rubrika `qarTuli poeziis radioanTologia~. yuradRebis miRma ar rCeboda arc qarTuli xalxuri poezia. xalxuri leqsebi gadaicemoda sxvadasxva cikliT: `saero poezia~, `sakulto poezia~, `sagmiro poezia~, `satrfialo poezia~ da a.S. aseve kvlav iyo eTerSi tradiciuli rubrika `literaturuli kiTxva~ (mxatvruli proza msaxiobebis kiTxviT), romelic dRis saaTebSi kviraSi 2-3-jer gadaicemoda 20-25 wuTis moculobiT (2002 wels igi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 23 saaTsa da 30 wuTze). Znelia iTqvas, rom mas masobrivi msmeneli hyavda, magram mainc gaugebaria misi gadatana 2004 wels Ramis programaSi — 2 saaTsa da 15 wuTze, rac saerTod gamoricxavs yovelgvari msmenelis arsebobas. TandaTan ufro iSviaTad gadaicemoda agreTve naxevarsaaTiani rubrika `mwerali mikrofonTan~, romelic qarTvel mwerlebs eTmoboda sakuTari nawarmoebebis wasakiTxad (bolo wlebis manZilze mxolod erTxel gaisma programaSi mwerlis sityva — es iyo `rezo WeiSvilis zepiri novelebi~ 2004 wlis 4 seqtembers). 2002 wlamde grZeldeboda `radiodiqtorTa literaturuli salonis~ gadacemac. 1996 wels mas radios cnobili diqtoris qeTo landias saxeli mieniWa. gaizarda misi perioduloba da qronometraJi — yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani gada333 cema gaxda yovelkvireuli da erTsaaTiani. am rubrikiT gadaicemoda sxvadasxva saxelwodebis programebi qarTveli mwerlebisa da poetebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac Tan erTvoda maTi nawarmoebebis kiTxva. mzaddeboda radiokompoziciebic (`karg ymad vina vTqvaT, vaJebo!~, `mxolod sizmrad qrian lurja cxenebi~, `sityva gadvagde erSia~ da a.S.). gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda xalxuri poeziisa da patriotuli suliskveTebiT gamsWvaluli literaturis nimuSebs. sxva literaturuli gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia literaturul-musikaluri radiokompoziciebi, romlebic periodulad mzaddeboda am wlebSi da uxvad Seicavda fragmentebs qarTveli poetebis leqsebidan (`he mamulo!~, `es paemanze modis aprili~, `gmadlobT, dedaenav!~ da sxv.) literaturuli mauwyeblobisaTvis 1992-2004 wlebSi aseve damaxasiaTebelia dokumentur-mxatvruli formebis arseboba, roca erT gadacemaSi gaerTianebulia publicisturi da mxatvruli nawarmoebebi. pirvel rigSi es exeba publicisturmxatvrul programa `droebas~. igi, rogorc wina TavSia aRniSnuli, 1988 wlidan arsebobs da Tavis droze didi Rvawli dasdo erovnuli cnobierebis aRorZinebas, saqarTveloSi demokratiuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. `droebas~ stabiluri adgili ekava saqarTvelos radios programaSi — 1992-2000 wlebSi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT, 20012004 wlebSi ki — kviraSi erTxel 45 wuTi. igi regularulad asaxavda kulturisa da xelovnebis sferoSi mimdinare procesebs, gadmoscemda reportaJebs sxvadasxva literaturuli RonisZiebebidan, mimoixilavda literaturul Jurnal-gazeTebSi gamoqveynebul masalebs, msmenelebs awvdida informacias axalgamosuli wignebis Sesaxeb da a.S. didi dro eTmoboda TviTon literaturuli nawarmoebebis kiTxvas (rubrikebi: `daumorCilebeli poezia~, `qarTuli mWevrmetyveleba~, `msoflio poeziis saganZuri~, `ganZeuli foliantebi~ da sxv.). seriulad gadaicemoda saubari gamoCenil mxatvarTa cxovrebaze, romelsac uZRveboda mxatvari gia buRaZe. amasTan, `droeba~ regularulad aSuqebda qveyanaSi mimdinare socialur-politikur procesebs, im problemebs, romlebic awuxebda qarTvel mwerlebs da, saerTod, Semoqmed adamianebs. 1999 wlis 334 bolodan programaSi gaCnda axali rubrika `droebis~ anketis kvaldakval~, romelic miznad isaxavda axali nawarmoebebis warmoCenasa da msmenelTaTvis miwodebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, `droeba~ erTdroulad cdilobda esTetikuri, publicisturi da saganmanaTleblo funqciebis Sesrulebas. 2001 wlidan `droebaSi~ gamoCnda axali rubrikebi: `avs rom avi ar davarqo, kargi rogor unda vaqo~ (qveyanaSi arsebul problemebze), `axali literaturuli Canawerebi~, `qarTvel mefeTa cxovrebidan~, `zneobrivi analogiebi~, `mwerlis arqivi~, `erTi leqsis istoria~, `Zveli Jurnal-gazeTebidan~, `SemoqmedebiTi kalendari~, `oqros fondi~ da sxv. bolo 10-15 wlis manZilze `droebis~ avtorebi da wamyvanebi iyvnen: zina mWedluri, rusudan sulakauri, dali morgoSia. dokumentur-mxatvruli xasiaTisa iyo agreTve programa `kino sxvadasxva rakursiT~, romelic satirisa da iumoris redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da 1986 wlidan 2000 wlamde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti lia ZiZiguri). igi eZRvneboda qarTuli kinos istoriasa da Tanamedroveobas, msmenelebs acnobda qarTvel kinoreJisorTa Semoqmedebas, kinoxelovnebis siaxleebsa da mimdinare problemebs, gadascemda audiofragmentebs qarTuli kinofilmebidan, reportaJebs gadasaRebi moednebidan da a.S. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi studiaSi iwvevdnen kinoxelovnebis muSakebs — veteranebsa da axalgazrdebs, kinofakultetis studentebs da sxv. 2000-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 15-wuTiani rubrika `ialkiali~ (sabas ganmartebiT — `cota Rrubeli, bevri mze~). es iyo radioeseis Tu radioCanaxatis Janris gadacema, romelic erT calkeul Temas eZRvneboda (magaliTad, `cekva~, `sicili~, `frinvelebi~, `sadRegrZelo~, `bavSvi~, `silamaze~ da a.S.), erTdroulad mxatvrul-SemecnebiTic iyo da gasarTobic (gadacemis avtori da wamyvani zaza qinqlaZe). calke unda iTqvas samwerlo publicistikis Sesaxeb, romelic mxatvrul mauwyeblobas ar miekuTvneba, magram rogorc mwerlis sityva literaturuli gadacemebis ganyofilebaSi mzaddeboda. am tipis iyo rubrika `Sexvedra mwerlebTan~, romelic 1992 wlis Semdeg aRar gamoCenila. igi exeboda 335 rogorc literaturis aqtualur sakiTxebs, ise qveyanaSi arsebul problemebs da dialoguri forma hqonda — mwerals esaubreboda redaqciis warmomadgeneli. gansxvavebuli xasiaTisa iyo `mwerali da cxovreba~, romelic met-naklebi sixSiriT, magram sistematurad gadaicemoda 1992-1995 wlebSi 20 wuTis moculobiT. es iyo publicisturi gamosvlebi yvelaze aqtualur Temebze, romlebsac avtorebi Tavad kiTxulobdnen mikrofonTan, agreTve narkvevebi da sxva dokumenturi nawarmoebebi cxovrebis mwvave sakiTxebze. garda amisa, drodadro gadaicemoda romelime konkretul Temaze calkeul avtorTa publicisturi werilebis mimoxilva. msmenelTa gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro radioserialma `saubrebi universitetSi~, romelic 2002-2003 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi. mas safuZvlad daedo audioCanawerebi leqciebisa, romlebsac Cveni drois gamoCenili erovnuli moRvawe akaki baqraZe 1979-1982 wlebSi kiTxulobda Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi xelovnebis fakultetze, rogorc miwveuli leqtori. es ar yofila literaturis istoriis an Teoriis mwyobri, erTiani kursi. ubralod, es iyo msjeloba saerTod literaturasa da xelovnebaze, maT bunebasa da Taviseburebebze, daniSnulebasa da amocanebze, qarTul kulturasa da qarTul erovnul Rirebulebebze. leqciebma studentebis garda farTo sazogadoebis didi interesic gamoiwvia da mravali msmeneli miizida, rasac sabolood leqtoris universitetidan gaZeveba mohyva. akaki baqraZes ganzraxuli hqonda gaeerTianebina misi studentebis mier Semonaxuli am leqciebis stenografiuli Tu audioCanawerebi da wignad gamoeSva, magram aRar dascalda. misi gardacvalebis Semdeg misma meuRlem, teleradiomauwyeblobis reJisorma neli rusiSvilma Tavi mouyara am Canawerebs, gamoiyena mwerlis statiebi, interviuebi, dRiurebi, sxvadasxva saarqivo dokumentebi, agreTve saqarTvelos radios `oqros fondis~ masalebi da sabolood mas dokumenturmxatvruli radiokompoziciebis forma misca. akaki baqraZis saubars amdidrebda Temidan gamomdinare literaturuli, Teatraluri Tu musikaluri fragmentebi, imaTi xmebi, vis Sesaxebac avtori saubrobda da sxv. Segrovebuli masala samoc336 daaTamde gadacemisTvis aRmoCnda sakmarisi da eTerSi ori wlis ganmavlobaSi gadioda (pirveli maTgani 1992 wlis 10 Tebervals gadaica). calkeuli gadacemebi mieZRvna dimitri yifians, niko lorTqifaniZes, grigol robaqiZes, mixeil javaxiSvils, konstantine gamsaxurdias, giorgi leoniZes, Salva nucubiZes, Tengiz abulaZes, rezo TabukaSvils, medea jafariZes, sxva mraval mamuliSvilsa da amagdar pirovnebas. gadacemebis nawili, akaki baqraZis leqciebis Sesabamisad, Tematuri xasiaTisa iyo: `rogor yalibdeba pirovneba~, `sulieri saqarTvelo~ `ra aris zneobrioba~, `Cven yvelani Cvens qveyanas vekuTvniT~, `erovnuli energia~ da a.S. 2003 wlis ivnisSi gadacemaTa cikli amoiwura, magram radiomsmenelTa interesi akaki baqraZis Semoqmedebisadmi imdenad didi iyo, rom gadawyda axali radioserialis momzadeba misi cnobili wignis `niko nikolaZis~ mixedviT. es miT ufro gamarTlebuli Canda, rom idga niko nikolaZis saiubileo weli — aRiniSneboda misi dabadebis 160 wlisTavi. axali serialis avtorebi iyvnen neli rusiSvili da vaxtang nanitaSvili (sul momzadda 19 gadacema). XX saukunis 90-ian wlebsa da axali saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos radioSi uTuod gamoirCeoda SesaniSnavi Jurnalistis lamara kikilaSvilis saavtoro seriali `saxsovari~ (Tumca avtori mas mxatvrul programas uwodebda, TiToeuli gamoSveba, rogorc wesi, erT pirovnebas an erT Temas eZRvneboda da ufro publicistur-mxatvrul gadacemas warmoadgenda). 1992 wlidan igi yovelkvireulad gadioda eTerSi 45-60 wuTis moculobiT. gadacemis idea iyo msmenelebisaTvis qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis, zogadad qarTuli kulturis moRvaweTa da maTi Semoqmedebis gacnoba, im sulier faseulobaTa propaganda, winaprebma rom Seqmnes, Tanamedroveoba ki momavals gadascems. aqedan gamomdinareobda radioserialis koncefcia da mizandasaxuleba — erTxel kidev gaazreba imisa, Tu vin varT, saidan movdivarT da saiT mivdivarT. `saxsovaris~ upirveles Rirsebas warmoadgenda daxvewili qarTuli ena, gamarTuli arqiteqtonika, Temis siRrmiseuli plastebis wvdoma, personaJTa saxeebis ostaturad xatva, dialogis warmarTvis originaluri avtoriseuli manera da 337 a.S. es yvelaferi, ra Tqma unda, erTbaSad ar aRmocenebula — mas win uZRoda avtoris TiTqmis ocdaaTwliani muSaoba radios literaturul gadacemaTa ganyofilebaSi, urTierToba qarTuli literaturis, xelovnebis, kulturis gamoCenil moRvaweebTan, aseulobiT gadacemisa da audioCanaweris momzadeba, romelTa didi nawili dRes saqarTvelos radios audiofondSia daculi. swored avtoris udidesi Jurnalisturi gamocdileba (cxadia, literaturul niWTan erTad) da mis mier Segrovebuli udidesi audiomasala daedo safuZvlad `saxsovaris~ mravalwaxnagovan serials. axal gadacemaSi Zveli Canawerebis gamoyenebis idea (Taviseburi meTodi xangrZlivi radiodakvirvebisa) lamara kikilaSvilma jer kidev 1973-1975 wlebSi ganaxorciela gadacemaTa serialSi `rac daviwyebiT ar ibindeba~, romelsac mogvianebiT (1976-1987 da 1991 wlebSi) `gauxunar ferTa eqo~ ewoda. magram isini upiratesad mainc warsulis gauxunar RirebulebaTa `eqo~ iyo, `saxsovarSi~ ki `droSi mogzauroba~ dRevandeli TemiT iyo ganpirobebuli da `ormagi ganzomilebiT~ ufro reliefurad warmoaCenda gadacemis gmirs. `saxsovaris~ TiToeul gamoSvebas Tavisi gamokveTili Tema da saxelwodeba hqonda: magaliTad, `mxiaruli da sevdiani nodar dumbaZe~ — stumrad nanuli dumbaZesTan, `Wa — savse cocxali wyliT~ — Sexvedrebi Tamaz WilaZesTan, `Taoba — gza ar mTavrdeba~ — Sexvedrebi lana RoRoberiZesTan, `ferweris kompozitori~ — ramdenime Canaweri `oqros fondidan~ daviT kakabaZis saxsovrad da a.S. xSirad erT pirovnebas ramdenime gadacema eTmoboda. magaliTad, lana RoRoberiZes mieZRvna xuTi gadacema, sergo zaqariaZes — eqvsi, besik xaranauls — Svidi, Tamaz WilaZes — rva da a.S. Cveulebrivad avtori 3-4 gadacemiT Semoifargleboda da maT serials uwodebda. sxvadasxva dros `saxsovaris~ gmirebi iyvnen: niko firosmanaSvili, Sio mRvimeli, elene axvlediani, sergo zaqariaZe, Tengiz arCvaZe, Tamaz Cxenkeli da sxv. 1992 wlidan, rac es seriali Seiqmna, 500-ze meti gadacema momzadda, 1993 wlidan ki mas satelevizio variantic Seemata. `saxsovaris~ samarTliani aRiareba iyo is, rom mis avtors am serialis radiosa da televiziaSi ganxorcielebisaTvis 2000 wels saxelmwifo premia mieniWa. 338 gansakuTrebuli Rirebulebis mqone Zveli audioCanawerebi saqarTvelos radios programaSi yovelTvis iyo warmodgenili sxvadasxva rubrikiT. 1998-2000 wlebSi aseTi rubrika iyo `unikaluri~ (ufro zustad, `unikaluri — xmebi daculi radios `oqros fondSi~), romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 15 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi moicavda radios audiofondSi dacul marTlac unikalur masalebs: qarTuli literaturisa da xelovnebis TvalsaCino warmomadgenelTa saubars, mogonebebs maT Sesaxeb, maT nawarmoebebs, romlebsac kiTxulobdnen: uSangi CxeiZe, veriko anjafariZe, erosi manjgalaZe da sxva gamoCenili msaxiobebi. eTerSi ismoda galaktion tabiZis, giorgi leoniZis, ioseb griSaSvilis, konstantine gamsaxurdias da XX saukunis sxva klasikosTa xmebi. 20012003 wlebSi gadacemas saxelwodeba Seecvala da eTerSi gadioda saTauriT — `Zveli radio — is, rac mexsierebas SemorCa da `oqros fonds~. orive rubrikis redaqtori iyo nino JRenti. erT-erTi tendencia, romelic SeiniSneba 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi, isaa, rom portretuli narkvevebi Tu Canaxatebi, romlebic wina wlebSi TiTqmis yvela redaqciaSi mzaddeboda (maT Soris, saxalxo meurneobis, propagandis, axalgazrdobis), nel-nela qreba da sabolood mxolod literaturul-dramatul mauwyeblobas SemorCa. TavisTavad cxadia, rom am nawarmoebTa gmirebic literaturisa da xelovnebis warmomadgenlebi iyvnen. rubrikebiT: `SemoqmedebiTi portretebi~, `Strixebi portretisaTvis~, `xelovanis gza~ radiomsmenelebi ecnobodnen mwerlebis, musikosebis, mxatvrebis, reJisorebis, msaxiobebis da a.S. cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas, ismendnen nawyvetebs maTi nawarmoebebidan, scenebs speqtaklebidan, musikalur Canawerebs da sxv. es rubrikebi cvalebadi periodulobiT da qronometraJiT gadaicemoda. 90-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi SedarebiT sistematuri xasiaTi hqonda 15-wuTian rubrikas `literaturuli portreti~, romelic msmenelebs mouTxrobda gamoCenili qarTveli mwerlebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze (SoTa rusTaveli, ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, mixeil javaxiSvili, lado asaTiani, guram doCanaSvili da sxv.). drodadro gamoCndeboda xolme calkeuli gadacemebic, magaliTad: `mSvenieri xar Sen, Semoqmedo!~ 339 (veriko anjafariZeze — 1991 weli), `didi xelovani~ (kote marjaniSvilze — 1992 weli). 2002-2003 wlebSi am tipis gadacemebs Seemata rubrika `portreti 3X4~, romelic TveSi orjer gadaicemoda eTerSi (3X4 zomis fotosuraTi, rogorc cnobilia, pasportSi da sxva dokumentebSi gamoiyeneba da albaT saxelwodeba migvaniSnebs, rom gmiris portretic dokumenturad da mokled gadmoicema). igi dramatuli gadacemebis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda da Tavidan, rogorc wesi, msaxiobebs, reJisorebs, scenaristebs acnobda msmenelebs (mas enacvleboda rubrika `cxovrebiseuli etiudebi~, romelic aseve Teatralur moRvaweebs eZRvneboda). rubrikis avtori da wamyvani iyo Jurnalisti Tamar kikvaZe. dasawyisSi es iyo mokle kiTxva-pasuxebze agebuli e.w. portretuli interviu da 20 wuTi grZeldeboda. SemdgomSi gadacemis Sinaarsi bevrad Seicvala, radgan avtori sul ufro Rrmad iWreboda studiaSi mowveuli stumris Sinagan sulier samyaroSi. igi mihyveboda ara respondentis biografiul cnobebsa da faqtebs, aramed cdilobda gaexsna misi pirovneba, eCvenebina msmenelebisaTvis misi damokidebuleba cxovrebisadmi, saqmisadmi, samyarosadmi. 2003 wels rubrika ukve yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. gaizarda respondentebis speqtric — Teatralur moRvaweebs sxva sferos warmomadgenlebic daematnen (magaliTad, mwerali nugzar SataiZe, poeti gigi sulakauri, momRerali nani bregvaZe, mTasvleli biZina gujabiZe). rubrikaSi gamoCndnen agreTve sxva, naklebad cnobili adamianebic. portretuli intervius Janrs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT agreTve seriuli gadacema `galerea~ (cxadia, rom aqac saxelwodeba portretebis galereaze migvaniSnebs). misi winamorbedi iyo iumoristuli gadacema `Cveulebrivi araCveulebrivi adamianebi~, romelic 1996 wlidan gadaicemoda eTerSi erTi saaTis xangrZlivobiT. rubrikis avtori da wamyvani lia ZiZiguri (Tumca igi mas `programas~ uwodebda) stumrad iwvevda xelovnebis cnobil moRvaweebs, romlebic TavianTi kolorituli iumoriT gamoirCeodnen da gulwrfelad yvebodnen studiaSi Tavs gadaxdenil kuriozebs (nino ramiSvili, vaxtang tabliaSvili, biZina kvernaZe, ipolite xviCia, sesilia TayaiS340 vili, kote maxaraZe da sxv). 1997 wels swored es rubrika Secvala `galeream~, romelic mxolod xumrobebisa da mxiaruli mogonebebis gadmocemas ki aRar isaxavda miznad, aramed pirovnebaTa rac SeiZleba, srulad Cvenebas. rubrika aseve yovelkvireuli iyo da gadaicemoda 45 wuTis moculobiT. gadacemis gmirebi umeteswilad isev xelovnebis moRvaweebi iyvnen, Tumca drodadro sxva sferos warmomadgenlebic gamoCndebodnen xolme (eliso virsalaZe, robert sturua, guram saRaraZe, liana isakaZe, nino ananiaSvili, elguja amaSukeli, lia sturua, agreTve: akademikosi evgeni xaraZe, profesori gia arseniSvili, arqiteqtori vaxtang daviTaia, afxazeTis kulturis ministri svetlana qecba da sxv.). saerTod ki, iumoristuli gadacemebi literaturuldramatuli mauwyeblobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan mimarTulebas warmoadgenda da mas satirisa da iumoris jgufi amzadebda (lia ZiZiguri, guliko kakabaZe) — `kino sxvadasxva rakursiT~ da `galerea~ mxolod gamonaklisi iyo. 1992-2004 wlebSi aqac SeimCneva garkveuli cvlileba: ekranidan qreba satira — pamfleti, mware dacinva, dokumenturi feletonic ki, rCeba mxolod uwyinari iumori — xumrobebi, parodiebi, kuriozebi da a.S. iumoristul gadacemebs aRar aqvs mebrZoli, publicisturi xasiaTi (Tavs anebebs sazogadoebriv mankierebaTa mxilebas) da mxolod gasarTobi funqciiT Semoifargleba. sxvadasxva rubrikaSi xSirad gaerTianebulia informaciulgasarTobi da mxatvrul-gasarTobi xasiaTis masalebi, romlebic Seicaven sasacilo SemTxvevebs cnobil adamianTa cxovrebidan, kuriozul faqtebs, nawyvetebs komediebidan da iumoristuli nawarmoebebidan. 1992 wlidan satirisa da iumoris jgufma daiwyo yovelkvireuli, 35-wuTiani axali programis `abi glukozas~ momzadeba, romelic ufro mravalferovani iyo (avtorebi goCa beria, gia joxaZe, guliko kakabaZe). igi iwyeboda cnobili kinokomediis `Serekilebis~ kolaJiT, Seicavda sasacilo informaciebs (`raze icinian adamianebi?~), `mxiarul horoskops~, `glukozas sasacilo koncerts~, `mxiarul biovels~, reportaJebs iumoristuli saRamoebidan da a.S. yovel gamoSvebas hyavda stumari an stumrebi, romlebsac SekiTxvebs usvamdnen 341 aseve studiaSi mowveuli radiomsmenelebi. stumrebi — umetesad sazogadoebisTvis kargad cnobili pirebi — ixsenebdnen TavianTi cxovrebis sasacilo SemTxvevebs, gansakuTrebiT, profesiuli saqmianobisas Seqmnil uxerxul situaciebs, megobrebsa da kolegebze Tavsgadaxdenil kuriozebs. xSirad erTi da igive pirovneba ramdenime gadacemaSi monawileobda (magaliTad, mwerali nana kandelaki, romelic ixsenebda Jurnal `niangSi~ muSaobis wlebs da sasacilo istoriebs yveboda Tavis kolegebze — cnobil qarTvel literatorebze). `abi glukoza~ 2000 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda. 1998 wlis bolos da 1999 wlis dasawyisSi ramdenimejer gadaica rubrika `politikosebi politikis miRma~ — studiaSi mowveuli cnobili politikuri moRvaweebi saubrobdnen TavianTi xasiaTis Taviseburebebze, bavSvobis, studentobisa da profesiuli saqmianobis sasacilo momentebze, xalxSi gavrcelebul ucnaur Worebze da a.S. garda zemoT CamoTvlili gadacemebisa, 1996-2000 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios samauwyeblo badeSi xSirad iyo informaciul-gasarTobi iumoristuli rubrikebi: `dila mxiaruli~ (saxaliso informaciebi da kuriozebi) da `dilis Rimili~ (msoflios cnobili adamianebis xumrobebi, anegdotebi, sasacilo ambebi da sxv.). aseve, specialuri iumoristuli gadacemebi mzaddeboda saaxalwlod, 1 aprilisaTvis da a.S. (`mekvle~, `cxeli arxi — heraldika~, `alo, Tovlis babua gismenT!~ — parodia gadacemisa `alo, gismenT 59 da 9~). mxatvruli mauwyeblobis mniSvnelovan mimarTulebas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos radioSi dramatuli mauwyebloba. igi, rogorc adrindel periodebSi, axlac moicavda, erTi mxriv, Teatralur da radiospeqtaklebs, xolo, meore mxriv, publicistur-mxatvrul gadacemebs Teatris Sesaxeb. 1992-2004 wlebSi mudmivad iyo eTerSi tradiciuli rubrika `Teatri mikrofonTan~. 90-iani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi dedaqalaqis wamyvan Teatrebs radios programaSi Tavisi dReebic ki hqondaT gamoyofili. ase magaliTad, rusTavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo akademiuri Teatris speqtaklebis Canawerebi gadaicemoda xuTSabaTobiT, kinomsaxiobTa Teatrisa — kviradReobiT da a.S. saerTod ki, yovelkvireulad radioe342 TerSi erTi Teatraluri speqtakli mainc iyo. 1996 wlidan speqtaklebi ZiriTadad kupiurebiT gadaicemoda. igi drodadro wydeboda da rubrikis wamyvani T. vaxvaxiSvili studiaSi mowveul reJisorTan Tu msaxiobebTan erTad pirdapir eTerSi ganixilavda mimdinare speqtakls, Teatraluri cxovrebis mniSvnelovan movlenebs, Teatris Temaze gamoqveynebul werilebsa da recenziebs, ganmartavda calkeul scenebs da a.S. msmenelebs SeeZloT daerekaT da gasaubrebodnen gadacemis monawileebs (qronometraJi 2 saaTi). 2001-2004 wlebSi `Teatri mikrofonTan~ amave saxiT da amave qronometraJiT gadaicemoda, oRond or kviraSi erTxel (meore kvira eTmoboda saopero speqtaklis gadacemas). wamyvani guliko kakabaZe Teatris epizodebs Soris pirdapir eTerSi esaubreboda studiaSi mowveul raJisorsa Tu msaxiobebs, saubarSi radiomsmenelebic monawileobdnen satelefono CarTvebis saSualebiT. am periodSi eTerSi gadaica mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~ da `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~, grigol robaqiZis `lamara~, nodar dumbaZis `me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~ da `me vxedav mzes~, laSa TabukaSvilis `darabebs miRma gazafxulia~ da `mere ra, rom svelia sveli iasamani~ da sxv. garda dedaqalaqis Teatrebisa, saqarTvelos radio Tavis eTers uTmobda agreTve quTaisis, Telavis, baTumis, mesxeTis Teatrebis dadgmebsac. Teatraluri speqtaklebis paralelurad drodadro programaSi gamoCndeboda xolme rubrikebi: `scenebi speqtaklebidan~ (19921994) da `sayvareli Teatraluri da kinogmirebi~ (2002-2003). saqarTvelos radioSi aseve sistematurad (kviraSi ramdenimejer) gadaicemoda radiospeqtaklebic, romlebic sxvadasxva dros momzadda. amave dros iqmneboda axali radiospeqtaklebic. 1992-2004 wlebSi Caiwera 60-ze meti radiospeqtakli (maT Soris 3 radioseriali, romlebic 10, 20, 30 serias moicavda). pirvel rigSi es iyo rogorc qarTuli klasikuri literaturis, ise Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerlebis cnobil nawarmoebTa radioinscenirebebi: n. lorTqifaniZis `Selocva radioTi~, m. javaxiSvilis `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~, gr. robaqiZis `falestra~, o. CxeiZis `cxrawyaro~, g. rCeuliSvilis `irine~, g. doCanaSvilis `samoseli pirveli~ da `kaci, romelsac Zlier uyvarda literatura~, a. morCilaZis `upatrono ZaRlebis pi343 radi cxovreba~ da sxv. Seiqmna agreTve radioinscenirebebi sazRvargareTis mweralTa nawarmoebebis mixedviT: vladimer nabokovis `meore napiri~, kobo abes `qali qviSaSi~, o'henris `personaluri magnetizmis Zala~, patrik ziuskindis `kontrabasi~ da sxv. radioTeatris repertuarSi sul ufro met adgils ikavebs specialurad radiosTvis Seqmnil nawarmoebebze — radiopiesebze agebuli speqtaklebi: z. kandelakis `kurdRlebi~ da `gamarjoba, senior pirandelo!~, n. batiaSvilis `Zaxili~, m. sariSvilis `sami vedro Tovli~, i. lomouris `buu~, g. naxucriSvilis `rogor gviyvarda Cven erTmaneTi~, n. mamacaSvilis `dialogi wvimian mwuxrSi~, n. SataiZis `daWrili wero~, m. jaliaSvilis `sauzme beRurebisaTvis~, T. miloravas `molodini~ da sxv. faqtobrivad, saqarTveloSi am periodSi Camoyalibda radiopiesa rogorc dramaturgiis Janri. aleqsandre orbelianis sazogadoebis xelSewyobiT gamoica originaluri qarTuli radiopiesebis ori krebuli. radiopiesis Janris ganviTarebam xeli Seuwyo qarTuli radioTeatris gasvlas saerTaSoriso asparezze. cnobil germanul radiosadgur ve-de-erTan erTad moewyo konkursi saukeTeso qarTuli radiopiesis gamosavlenad. am konkursSi gaimarjva da jer saqarTveloSi, Semdeg ki germaniaSi daidga Tamaz WilaZis radiopiesa `samoTxis kvarteti~. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos radios mTavari reJisoris zurab kandelakis warmatebebi. 1992 wels misma saavtoro speqtaklma `ufalo, gamiyvane derefnis bolos!~ dsTsa da baltiis qveynebis radiodadgmebis festivalze meore prizi moipova, xolo 1994 wels saerTaSoriso festivalze moskovSi (sadac 30 qveynis radiospeqtaklebi iyo warmodgenili) speqtaklma `repeticiam~ (romlis avtorica da reJisoric Tavad iyo) gran-pri — `ostankinos prizi~ daimsaxura. imave wels es radiopiesa daidga sloveniaSi, Semdeg germaniaSi (ve-de-ersa da `doiCland radioSi~). 1996 wels `repeticia~ da `kurdRlebi~ daidga slovakeTis radioSi. `gamarjoba~, senior pirandelo!~ da `melodramis Cveulebrivi xibli~ moxvdnen `Prix Europa~-s saukeTeso radiopiesebis aTeulSi. es piesebi daidga serbiasa da poloneTSic. 2005 wels `Prix Europa~-s Jiu344 ris specialuri prizi moipova n. dumbaZis `kukaraCas~ mixedviT Seqmnilma radiospeqtaklma `kidev erTxel siyvarulze anu Cao, Cao!~ (adaptaciis avtori da reJisori zurab kandelaki). 90-iani wlebis bolodan qarTul radioTeatrTan nayofierad TanamSromlobdnen axalgazrda reJisorebic. levan lorTqifaniZem, xaTuna bedelaZem, naTia xoStariam, koba cxakaiam xmis reJisorebTan — romeo ter-grigorianTan, nana sanduxaZesTan, Tamar gogliZesTan da giorgi cagareiSvilTan erTad araerTi speqtakli Seqmnes. 1992 wels radioTeatrs didi xelovanis, saqarTvelos radios yofili diqtoris erosi manjgalaZis saxeli mieniWa da amis Semdeg yvela radiodadgma eTerSi gadaicemoda rubrikiT — `erosi manjgalaZis saxelobis radioTeatri~. es miT ufro samarTliani Cans, rom am radiodadgmebis arcTu mcire nawilSi misi jadosnuri xma aris SemorCenili. 1992-2004 wlebSi Teatralur cxovrebaze kvlavindeburad mzaddeboda publicistur-mxatvruli gadacemebic (zogierT maTgans garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo mniSvnelobac hqonda). 1992-1994 wlebSi kvlav gadioda eTerSi tradiciuli programa `Teatri da cxovreba~. igi gadaicemoda TveSi erTxel 2 saaTis moculobiT da Teatralur dadgmebsac moicavda (avtorebi Sovina qacarava da manana TevzaZe). programis mudmivi stumrebi iyvnen Teatrmcodneebi, dramaturgebi, reJisorebi, msaxiobebi, romlebic saubrobdnen saqarTveloSi arsebuli Teatrebis warsulsa da Tanamedroveobaze, ganixilavdnen Teatralur premierebs, msjelobdnen dRevandelobis problemebze da a.S. sistematurad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `scenaze gacocxlebuli literaturuli gmirebi~, `Cveni Canawerebidan~, `qarTuli Teatris cxovrebis ramdenime furceli~, `Sexvedrebi Teatris xelmZRvanelebTan~ da sxv. 19952004 wlebSi programas `Teatri~ ewodeboda da gadaicemoda TveSi orjer 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. programas daemata zogierTi rubrikac (magaliTad, `msoflio scenaze~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda sazRvargareTis Teatralur cxovrebas), dedaqalaqis Teatrebis speqtaklebis anonsi da a.S. 1993 wels da 1994 wlis garkveul periodSi drodadro eTerSi ikiTxeboda akaki baqraZis `Svidi weli TeatrSi~. igi 345 enacvleboda rubrikas `scenebi speqtaklebidan~. mzaddeboda agreTve calkeuli gadacemebi Teatris Temaze, magaliTad: `mRerian Teatris msaxiobebi~, `fardis miRma~, `arqivis masalebi~. 1992 wels moewyo pirdapiri reportaJi vaso goZiaSvilis, xolo 1993 wels giorgi tovstonogovis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili saRamodan da a.S. 2000 wels eTerSi gadioda vaxtang kobaiZis saavtoro programa `radiobenefisi~. igi gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 30 wuTis moculobiT. misi saavtoro programa iyo agreTve 2000-2003 wlebSi `sayvareli Teatraluri da kinogmirebi~. pirdapir eTerSi saubrobdnen studiaSi mowveuli msaxiobebi, reJisorebi, dramaturgebi, pasuxobdnen msmenelTa satelefono zarebs. gadacema kviraSi samjer gadioda eTerSi 25-30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (mogvianebiT mas xaTuna baqraZe uZRveboda). 2001-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi Jurnalist nino iaSvilis 40-wuTiani saavtoro programa `xelovneba~. igi aSuqebda kulturisa da xelovnebis axal ambebs, agreTve sxvadasxva Temebs literaturis, kinos, Teatris, musikis, mxatvrobis, arqiteqturis sferodan (rubrikebi: `alteri~, `kadri~, `palitra~, `afiSa~, `obieqtivi~, `msoflio scenaze~, `premiera~ `musikaluri integralebi~, `retrospeqtiva, `moda~ da sxv.). TveSi orjer mas uZRveboda Jurnalisti vaxtang kobaiZe, orjer — Jurnalisti nino iaSvili. 2002 wels Seiqmna axali publicistur-mxatvruli programa `saxioba~, romelic, erTi mxriv, programa `Teatris~, xolo, meore mxriv, programa `xelovnebis~ gagrZelebas warmoadgenda. 2004 wlis bolomde igi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRvebodnen: guliko kakabaZe, nino iaSvili da naTia xoStaria. programa exeboda Teatraluri da kinoxelovnebis sakiTxebs, gamoirCeoda Janrobrivi mravalferovnebiT (studiuri dialogi, interviu, reportaJi, gamosvla, komentari). sxvadasxva dros misi stumrebi iyvnen: sofiko Wiaureli, robert sturua, rezo kldiaSvili, amiran SalikaSvili da sxv. garda imisa, rom informaciul-publicisturi, literaturul-dramatuli Tu saganmanaTleblo gadacemebis didi nawili aqtiurad iyenebs musikas gamosaxviT saSualebad Tu Se346 reuli programebis gasamdidreblad, nebismieri radiomauwyeblobis udides nawils musika Seadgens (aRarafers vambobT specializebul musikalur radioarxebze). saqarTvelos radioSi 1992-2004 wlebSi mTeli mauwyeblobis or mesamedze mets musikaluri mauwyebloba Seadgenda. igi sakmaod rTul struqturas warmoadgenda, radgan mravalprofiliani, universaluri saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis erTian sistemaSi iyo moqceuli. auditoriis sxvadasxva nawilis gemovnebisa da mxatvruli interesebis mkveTri gansxvaveba, agreTve TviTon musikaluri Janrebisa da formebis mravalferovneba ganapirobebda musikaluri radiogadacemebis diferencirebul xasiaTs. eTerSi regularulad gadaicemoda operac da xalxuri simRerac, simfoniuri musikis koncertic da saestradoc. zogi gadacema masobrivi auditoriisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili, zogi kidev — maRali gemovnebis msmenelisaTvis. ZiriTadad ki SeiZleba gamoiyos musikaluri mauwyeblobis sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba. romelic istoriulad Camoyalibda saqarTvelos radioSi da 1992-2004 wlebSic ar ganucdia cvlileba — klasikuri musika, saestrado da msubuqi musika da xalxuri musika. TiToeuli Janris musikaluri nawarmoebebi gaerTianebuli iyo saTanado rubrikebSi, rac redaqcias maTi tipizaciis saSualebas aZlevda da xels uwyobda mudmivi auditoriis Camoyalibebas. klasikuri musikis moyvarulTaTvis eTerSi regularulad gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `klasikuri musikis koncerti~, `simfoniuri musikis koncerti~, `msubuqi saorkestro piesebi~, `kameruli nawarmoebebi~, `savioline piesebi~, `sakvarteto miniaturebi~, `Zveleburi musikis koncerti~, `gamoCenil musikos-SemsrulebelTa koncerti~, `scenebi operebidan~, `saopero musikis koncerti~ da mravali sxva. es iyo wminda sakoncerto rubrikebi — mxolod musikaluri nawarmoebebis an maTi fragmentebis gadacema. maT gverdiT aranaklebi adgili eWira Sereuli tipis musikalur-publicistur Tu musikalur-saganmanaTleblo koncert-saubrebsa da programebs, romlebsac Cven aseve mxatvrul mauwyeblobas mivakuTvnebT, radgan miuxedavad publicisturi da saganmanaTleblo elementebisa, ZiriTadad mainc esTetikur funqcias asruleben (TandarTuli komentarebi mxolod exma347 reba auditorias musikaluri nawarmoebebis gagebasa da aRqmaSi). am tipis, koncerti-saubris Janris, gadacemas warmoadgenda konservatoriis profesor nodar andRulaZis saavtoro programa `msoflios saopero scenis varskvlavebi~ (saerTod, 1992-2004 wlebSi yvela programa saavtoro xasiaTisaa — personalurad amzadebs erTi an ramdenime avtori, saerTo-saredaqcio programebi warsuls Cabarda). es iyo gagrZeleba 19841985 da 1988-1990 wlebSi arsebuli amave saxelwodebis rubrikisa, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis moculobiT. avtori msmenelebs mouTxrobda popularul saopero momReralTa cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze, asmeninebda maT mier Sesrulebul nawarmoebebs (programis momzadebaSi redaqcias exmareboda Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoriis pedagogi goCa beJuaSvili). 1992 wels grZeldeboda agreTve analogiuri xasiaTis yovelkvireuli erTsaaTiani rubrika pirdapiri eTeriT `50 opera~, Semdeg `asi opera~ da `opera RamiT~ (avt. l. gabunia). 19922004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda programa `mxolod opera~, 45-55 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani marika CijavaZe). igi mravalferovani programa iyo, Seicavda saintereso cnobebs sxvadasxva saopero nawarmoebis Sesaxeb, fragmentebs operebidan, interviuebs saopero momRerlebTan, kompozitorebTan, musikismcodneebTan. rubrikebi: `cota ram istoriidan~, `ase iqmneboda saopero Sedevrebi~, `Cveni saunje~, romelic msmenelebs acnobda saqarTvelos radios audiofondis unikalur musikalur Canawerebs, `nomeri anu musikaluri Canaweri ukomentarod~ da sxv. programa pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda da msmenels masSi monawileobis saSualeba hqonda. 1992-1999 wlebSi koncerti-saubris formis gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia `saSemsruleblo xelovneba — fenomenebi, virtuozebi~ (avtori lali vardanaSvili). igi msmenelebs acnobda saSemsruleblo xelovnebis varskvlavebs — pianistebs, meviolineebs, vokalistebs, diriJorebs da a.S. 1993-1997 wlebSi misi analogiuri iyo aseve yovelkvireuli erTsaaTiani gadacema `variaciebi rokokos Temaze~ (avtori lali gabunia). igi msmenelebs mouTxrobda klasikuri musikis sxvadasxva 348 mimdinareobis Sesaxeb, maTi Camoyalibebis istoriaze, maT saukeTeso warmomadgenlebze. klasikuri musikis nawarmoebebs da maT Semsruleblebs eZRvneboda agreTve 1996-1998 wlebSi yovelkvireuli 45-wuTiani cikli `musikaluri `Sedevrebi~ (avtori da wamyvani ani bregvaZe). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es iyo koncerti winasityvaobiT, saintereso informacia-ganmartebebiT. calkeuli gamoSvebebi mieZRvna beThovenis, mocartis, baxis, vivaldis, belinis, rosinisa da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas. aRniSnul programebTan erTad 1999-2000 wlebSi eTerSi iyo ramdenime cikli klasikur musikaze: `operebi karaianis diriJorobiT~, `beThovenis simfoniebi~ `ucnobi operebis furclebze~ da sxv. 2001-2002 wlebis gadacemebidan aRsaniSnavia `XX saukune. musika da musikosebi~ (avtori da wamyvani marika CijavaZe). am proeqtma gaimarjva fond `Ria sazogadoeba `saqarTvelos~ konkursSi da misgan gamoyofili grantiT mzaddeboda (m. CijavaZesTan erTad gadacemaze muSaobdnen kompozitori T. bakuraZe da musikismcodne q. bolaSvili). klasikur musikas eZRvneboda agreTve cikli ` msoflios gamoCenili musikos-Semsruleblebi~, romelsac koncertis forma hqonda da komentarebis gareSe gadaicemoda. ufro adre, 1992-1996 wlebSi TiTqmis yoveldRe gadaicemoda calkeuli koncertebi (magaliTad, `zaqaria faliaSvilis saopero musika~, `vaJa azaraSvilis nawarmoebebi~, `mReris baTu kraveiSvili~ da a.S.). amgvari praqtika 2003 wlis bolomde grZeldeboda. programaSi Tavisi adgili ekava sagundo musikas, eTerSi iyo rubrikebi: `qarTuli sagaloblebi~, `sagundo musika~ da sxv. 1992 wels momzadda gadacemaTa cikli `sagundo xelovnebis samyaroSi~. ciklis avtori da wamyvani sagundo diriJori boris ZnelaZe yovel gamoSvebaSi acnobda msmenelebs romelime koleqtivs, misi Seqmnis istoriasa da moRvaweobas. xSirad gadacemis Tema iyo saeklesio musika, qarTuli sagaloblebi. gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad (45 wuTi). musikaluri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia operatiulad exmaureboda agreTve yvela RirSesaniSnav movlenas, romelic klasikuri musikis sferoSi xdeboda. ase magaliTad, 1997 wlis oqtomberSi gadaicemoda `pianistTa Tbilisis pirveli saerTaSoriso konkursis dRiuri~, 1998 wlis april-maisSi — saope349 ro musikis saerTaSoriso festivali `bravo~, romelic TbilisSi gaimarTa paata burWulaZis iniciativiT, Caiwera saqarTvelos radiom da reportaJebis garda mTliani saopero speqtaklebic gadaicemoda. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoboda 1992-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos radioSi saestrado da msubuq musikas. mas yovelTvis didi auditoria hyavda da radioprogramaSi mudam uxvad iyo saTanado ciklebi da rubrikebi: `dilis koncerti~ (yoveldRiuri), `saestrado meridianze~ (kviraSi samjer), `melodia, ritmi, ganwyobileba~ (yovelkvireuli), `saestrado koncerti~, `msoflio estradis melodiebi~, `qarTuli estradis melodiebi~, `lirikuli melodiebi~, `uberebeli melodiebi~, `saRamos melodiebi~, `ekranis melodiebi~, `msubuqi musikis koncerti~, `retro, retro~, `musikaluri reviu~, `musikaluri kolaJi~, `dilis ritmebi~, `qarTvel kompozitorTa simRerebi~ da sxv. garda met-naklebad mudmivi rubrikebisa, eTerSi gadaicemoda saestrado simRerebis calkeuli koncertebi, magaliTad: `revaz laRiZis simRerebi~, `giorgi cabaZis kinomusika~, mReris ansambli `orera~, `mReris maikl jeqsoni~, `oskar pitersonis koncerti~ da a.S. Cveulebriv koncertebTan erTad mravlad iyo personaluri saavtoro gadacemebi — koncerti-saubrebi, musikalurpublicisturi da musikalur-saganmanaTleblo programebi. 1992-1998 wlebSi yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda manana xvedeliZis erTsaaTiani saavtoro programa `koncerti 6 saaTze~ (Tavidan masTan erTad programas uZRveboda gogi WilaSvili). igi popularizacias uwevda roks, jazs, bluzs, kinomusikas, gadascemda ucxoel SemsrulebelTa Canawerebs. gadacemaSi monawileobdnen estradis momRerlebi, musikaluri jgufebi, kompozitorebi, musikismcodneebi. isini saubrobdnen TavianT Semoqmedebaze, auditorias acnobdnen axal nawarmoebebs da a.S. programa pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda da msmenels maTTan gasaubrebis saSualeba hqonda. analogiuri xasiaTisa iyo yovelkvireuli erTsaaTiani programa `estrasfero~ (avtori da wamyvani irine moseSvili), romelic amave wlebSi gadaicemoda. igi iuwyeboda kviris ganmavlobaSi momxdar siaxleebs estradis sferoSi, eTers uT350 mobda simRerebis premieras, studiaSi iwvevda momRerlebsa da kompozitorebs. programis mudmivi rubrikebi iyo: `Cveulebrivi varskvlavebi~, `simReris premiera~, `axali saxelebi~, `estrasfero da bavSvebi~, romelic msmenels acnobda norC Semsruleblebs da `axali simRerebi~ — axalgazrda momRerlebis Semoqmedebaze. 1993 wlidan maT daemata `jaz-spiriti~, romelsac Tamaz darsaveliZe uZRveboda. 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Seiqmna specialuri programebi, romlebic eZRvneboda roksa da jazs. 1992-1995 wlebSi yovelkvireulad, xolo 1996-1998 wlebSi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi 1-saaTiani musikalur-gasarTobi programa `roki, smoki da ... `. misi avtori da wamyvani iyo udrood gardacvlili niWieri Jurnalisti da musikosi darejan guliaSvili (zogjer mas partniorobas uwevda ediSer abulaZe). `roki, smoki da ...~ mravalferovani programa iyo: gadaicemoda informaciebi saqarTveloSi rok-musikis ganviTarebaze, sazRvargareTis musikalur cxovrebaze, qarTveli da ucxoeli momRerlebis Canawerebi, fsiqologTa rCevebi, anekdotebi, sensaciuri ambebi da a.S. programaSi CarTuli iyo viqtorina da gamarjvebulebs prizebiT ajildoebdnen. garda amisa, asrulebdnen msmenelTa musikalur dakveTebsac. 1992-1997 wlebSi darejan guliaSvilis saavtoro programa iyo agreTve `roki naSuaRamevs~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda gvian RamiT aseve pirdapir eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. masSi rok-musikis Zvel da axal Canawerebs Tan axlda informaciebi qarTuli da sazRvargareTuli rok-jgufebis Sesaxeb, reportaJebi rok-saRamoebidan, interviuebi rok-musikis moyvarulebTan, hit-paradi da a.S. studiaSi xSirad modioda msmenelTa werilebi, — isini ZiriTadad iTxovdnen sxvadasxva musikaluri nawarmoebis gadacemas. 90-iani wlebis bolos darejan guliaSvilma kidev moamzada ori saavtoro gadacema: musikalur-gasarTobi xasiaTis `musikaluri horoskopi~ (1998), romelic msmenels acnobda Cinur da iaponur horoskopebs musikis TanxlebiT da `gamiRime~ (1999), romelic Tanamedrove pop-musikiTa da mokle informaciebiT Semoifargleboda. orive programa mxolod ramdenimejer gadaica eTerSi. 351 1992-1999 wlebSi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda koncerti-saubris formis 1-saaTiani programa `jazis saaTi~ (mas l. karanaZe da m. CitiZe uZRvebodnen). igi informacias awvdida jazis moyvarulebs am musikaluri mimarTulebis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, acnobda jazis pionerebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebas, mimoixilavda Tanamedrove jazis mdgomareobas da uaxles jazur musikas. programaSi uxvad iyo Zveli da axali jazmenebis Canawerebi. msmenels saSualeba hqonda pirdapir eTerSi gasaubreboda gadacemis wamyvans. Tavidan gadacemas uZRveboda SesaniSnavi Jurnalisti gela leJava, romelmac 15 weli imuSava musikaluri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi da cxovrebis didi gza ganvlo — rigiTi redaqtoridan saxteleradios Tavmjdomaris moadgilemde. misi udrood gardacvalebis Semdegac jazur musikas saqarTvelos radioSi saTanado adgili eWira da mis popularizacias jimSer iaSvili eweoda. 1997-2004 wlebSi eTerSi iyo `jazis moyvarulTaTvis~, 2001-2002 wlebSi `Ramis jazi~, xolo 2004 wels Ramis eTerSi kviradRis garda yoveldRe iyo saqarTvelos radiosa da bi-bi-sis erToblivi programa `JAZZ FM~ (qronometraJi 75 wuTi). 1996 wels Seiqmna yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `bluzidan dRemde~, romelic mimoixilavda musikis sxvadasxva mimarTulebis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis etapebs — rogorc Tavad bluzs, ise mZime roks, rok-en-rols da a.S. gadaicemoda uamravi saintereso informacia da musikaluri Canaweri (avtori da wamyvani leqso turiaSvili). 1996-1997 wlebSi, adrian diliT, SabaT-kviris gamoklebiT, yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi musikalur-gasarTobi programa `dilis talRaze~, romelic msmenels awvdida Tanamedrove qarTul da ucxour popularul musikalur Canawerebs, amasTan, gadascemda saintereso, sensaciur da gasarTob informacias. zogierTi cikli uSualod Seexeboda qarTuli estradis Tanamedrove problemebs. magaliTad, 1998-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 40-wuTiani programa `leqsi da simRera~. misi avtori da wamyvani gulnara odiSaria studiaSi mowveul kompetentur pirebTan erTad ganixilavda qarTuli sasimRero leqsisa da simReris dRevandel mdgomareobas. am sakiTxebze msjelobaSi sxvadasxva dros monawileobdnen: nani 352 bregvaZe, Tengiz CoCua, aleqsandre basilaia, eka kvaliaSvili da sxv. 1998 wels analogiuri xasiaTisa iyo rubrika `kidev erTxel qarTul simReraze~. saqarTvelos radio arc im adamianebs iviwyebda, visac udidesi wvlili miuZRvis musikaluri saSemsruleblo xelovnebis ganviTarebaSi. 1990-1995 wlebSi periodulad gadaicemoda musikaluri programa `gaxseneba~ (avt. lali imnaiSvili). studiaSi mowveuli megobrebi da axloblebi ixsenebdnen gardacvlil Semoqmeds, mis pirovnul da profesiul Tvisebebs, eTerSi gadaicemoda mis mier Sesrulebuli nawarmoebebi. 1999 wels saqarTvelos radios saestrado musikalur gadacemebs Seemata sami axali programa: `harmonia~, `axali patefoni~ da `alo, gismenT 59 da 9!~. programa `harmonia~ (anu igive `leqsi da simRera~ — mas mxolod saxelwodeba Seecvala) eTers uTmobda qarTuli estradis cnobil warmomadgenlebs (eka mamalaZe, vaxtang kikabiZe, robert barZimaSvili, merab sefaSvili, Temur wiklauri, Tamar WoxoneliZe da sxv.). isini saubrobdnen axal simRerebze, momavalSi dagegmil koncertebsa da gastrolebze. amave dros eTerSi gaismoda simRerebi, romlebmac maT popularoba moutanes. `harmonia~ eTerSi gadaicemoda TveSi orjer 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. programa `axali patefoni~ (avtori da wamyvani xaTuna koberiZe) gadaicemoda kviraSi orjer aseve 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da sxvadasxva rubrikisagan Sedgeboda. rubrika `axali ambebi~ mokled acnobda msmenels qarTuli saestrado musikis siaxleebsa da sxva mniSvnelovan ambebs; `retrofoni~ eZRvneboda qarTuli retromusikis Rirseul moRvaweTa warmoCenas; `kviris simRera~ msmenels warudgenda bolo kviris yvelaze popularul simReras; rubrika `klubi~ studiaSi iwvevda qarTuli Soubiznesis warmomadgenlebs da eTers uTmobda maTTan saubars da a.S. gansxvavebuli xasiaTis iyo musikalur-gasarTobi programa `alo, gismenT 59 da 9!~, romelic 2004 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda. Tavidan albaT saxelwodeba mianiSnebda, rom programa 59 da 9 meaTedi wuTi grZeldeboda, magram radgan yvela gamoSveba am qronometraJis ar iyo, 2001 wlidan mas `alo, gismenT!~ ewoda. `alo, gismenT!~ pirdapiri eTeriT gadaicemo353 da samSabaTidan paraskevis CaTvliT, dReSi orjer — diliT, 9 saaTsa da 30 wuTze an 10 saaTze da saRamos 18 saaTze. dilis gamoSveba naxevarsaaTiani iyo, saRamosi — erTsaaTiani. rogorc programis saxelwodeba cxadyofs, komunikatorebi mudmivad iyvnen mzad msmenelTan urTierTobisaTvis da es zedmiwevniT aqtiurad xorcieldeboda. dilisa da saRamos programebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeboda: Tu diliT wamyvanebi cdilobdnen xalisiani ganwyobilebis Seqmnas, saRamos programa ufro auditoriis interesebisa da moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad iyo agebuli. programaSi uxvad iyo informaciebi Soubiznesis Sesaxeb. studiaSi iwvevdnen qarTuli estradis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic saubrobdnen msmenelTaTvis saintereso sakiTxebze da pirdapir eTerSi pasuxobdnen maT SekiTxvebs. paralelurad eTerSi JRerda musikaluri nomrebi mowveuli stumrebis SesrulebiT. garda amisa, programaSi CarTuli iyo radioviqtorina, cnobebi mosalodneli mniSvnelovani kulturuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, amindis prognozi da sxv. dilis programaSi auditoriasTan kavSiris gaZlierebis mizniT wamyvanebi msmenelebs sTavazobdnen improvizaciul Temebs, isinic aqtiurad rekavdnen da pirdapir eTerSi saubrobdnen dasaxelebul Temebze, zogjer sakmaod seriozul sakiTxebzec. programas rigrigobiT uZRvebodnen: manana xvedeliZe, nia baxtaZe, lali seTuriZe da lali imnaiSvili. 2000 wels Seiqmna kidev erTi yovelkvireuli saestrado-musikaluri rubrika `qarTuli hitaRlumi~. mis yovel gamoSvebaSi Sedioda 7 saukeTeso popularuli simRera, romlebic radioauditoriis satelefono zarebis meSveobiT iyo gamovlenili. igi 15 wuTs grZeldeboda da am drois manZilze eTerSi JRerda es Svideuli, rasac Tan erTvoda mokle informaciebi SemsrulebelTa Sesaxeb (avtori da wamyvani ani bregvaZe). klasikuri da saestrado musikis gverdiT Tavisi adgili ekava qarTul xalxur Semoqmedebas — musikasa da simRerebs, Tumca misi moculoba gacilebiT mcire iyo. 1992-2004 wlebSi eTerSi mudmivad iyo rubrikebi: `qarTuli xalxuri musika~, `qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi~, `Cveni mTa-baris hangebi~ (yoveldRiurad kviradRis garda), `Tarodan CamoRebuli simRe354 rebi~, `qalaquri hangebi~ da a.S. periodulad mzaddeboda oriode programac. 1998-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 40-wuTiani publicistur-musikaluri programa `qarTuli xalxuri simReris moamageni~ (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti nana garsevaniSvili). igi exmaureboda qarTuli xalxuri simRerebis cnobili Semsruleblebisa da am sferoSi moRvawe sxva cnobil SemoqmedTa saiubileo TariRebs. uxvad iyo gamoyenebuli saqarTvelos radios audiofondSi daculi, maT mier Sesrulebuli unikaluri Canawerebi, cnobil pirovnebaTa mogonebani maT Sesaxeb da a.S. gadacemaSi monawileobdnen rogorc dedaqalaqis, ise sxvadasxva raionSi moRvawe TviTmoqmedi ansamblebi da calkeuli momRerlebi. 2000-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTiani saganmanaTleblo-musikaluri programa `Cven mSvidoba~. igi msmenelebs acnobda im Zvel tradiciebs, romlebic odiTganve arsebobda Cvens qveyanaSi da dRes ukve naklebadaa SemorCenili. garda amisa, Suqdeboda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi arsebuli wes-Cveulebebi da ritualebi (magaliTad, niSnobis, qorwinebis, dakrZalvis da a.S.). gadacemaSi uxvad iyo CarTuli Sesabamisi qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi, xSirad iyo agreTve saeklesio sagaloblebi (wamyvanebi marina kviJiniZe da nana mSvidobaZe). zemoT ganxiluli `dargobrivi~ (klasikuri, saestrado Tu xalxuri musikis) koncertebisa da programebis gverdiT saqarTvelos radioSi mzaddeboda ramdenime Sereuli saxis programac, romelic musikaluri mauwyeblobis samive mimarTulebas moicavda. 1999-2000 wlebSi pirdapir eTerSi gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTiani yovelkvireuli programa `musikaluri koleqciidan~ (avtori da wamyvani lali imnaiSvili). igi mTlianad iyo agebuli kerZo koleqcionerebis mier mowodebul musikalur Canawerebze da moicavda sxvadasxva Janrs respondentis gemovnebis mixedviT. studiaSi mowveuli iyvnen am CanawerTa mflobelebi, romlebic uSualod esaubrebodnen radiomsmenelebs, acnobdnen sxvadasxva unikaluri audiomasalis istorias, msjelobdnen musikis Tanamedrove problemebze da a.S. gadacemaSi sxvadasxva dros monawileobdnen: gogi WiWinaZe, robert barZimaSvili, laSa buRaZe da sxv. 355 2000 wels Seiqmna programa `musikaluri panorama~, romelic msmenels acnobda msoflio musikaluri samyaros siaxleebs, axal jgufebsa da Semsruleblebs. uxvad iyenebda musikalur Canawerebs. igi gadaicemoda yovel SabaTs 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRveboda marika CijavaZe. faqtobrivad, am programis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda marika CijavaZis meore saavtoro gadacema `internetniusi~, romelic aseve msoflios musikalur siaxleebs moicavda (eyrdnoboda internetiT mopovebul masalebs) da 2003-2004 wlebSi yovel samuSao dRes gadaicemoda 15 wuTis moculobiT (meordeboda imave dRes). amave wels Seiqmna Sereuli saxis rubrika `brwyinvale musika~ (proeqtis avtori lali gabunia). igi popularizacias uwevda rogorc klasikuri musikis Sedevrebs, ise sxva Janris unikalur nawarmoebebs. eTerSi JRerda fragmentebi operebidan da simfoniuri nawarmoebebidan, jazuri musikis, bluzis, pop-musikis Canawerebi, informacia maTi avtorebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. yoveli gamoSveba romelime erT mimarTulebas eZRvneboda da Tavisi wamyvani hyavda. arsebiTad es iyo koncerti-saubris Janris gadacema, koncerti ganmartebebiT. 2000-2002 wlebSi rubrika yoveldRiurad iyo eTerSi, 20032004 wlebSi ki — kviraSi oTxjer, 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. aseve Sereuli xasiaTis iyo: `musikis saaTi axalgazrdobisaTvis~, `koncerti erovnuli armiis meomrebisaTvis~, `maTTvis, vinc gzaSia~ da sxv. dabolos, unda aRiniSnos musikaluri mimoxilvebis Sesaxeb, romlebic 1992-1998 wlebSi drodadro gamoCndeboda xolme saqarTvelos radios programaSi. am formis iyo radioprograma (Tu radioJurnali, rogorc xSirad cxaddeboda) `Cangi~, romelic saqarTvelos radioSi 1963 wlidan arsebobs da 1998 wlis Tebervlamde gadaicemoda (avtori lali gabunia). igi yoveli Tvis bolos iyo eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT da msmenelebs acnobda am Tvis manZilze musikis sferoSi momxdar yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebs. studiaSi mowveuli momRerlebi, kompozitorebi, musikismcodneebi saubrobdnen saqarTvelosa da mis farglebs gareT mimdinare samusiko cxovrebis — koncertebis, Sou-programebis, festivalebis Sesaxeb. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi sakoncerto dar356 bazebidan, musikaluri nomrebi qarTveli momRerlebis SesrulebiT da sxv. iSviaTad `Cangs~ enacvleboda mimoxilvebi: `musikaluri ianvari~, `musikaluri Tebervali~, `musikaluri marti~ da a.S. 1992-1995 wlebSi musikaluri gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi mzaddeboda agreTve wlis musikaluri movlenebis Semajamebeli programebi saxelwodebiT: `musika 1992(1993...) wels~. `Cangis~ Semdeg ramdenime xans, 1998 wlis ivnisamde, eTerSi iyo mimoxilva `kviris musikaluri siaxleebi~ (mas calkeuli rubrikebic hqonda, magaliTad, `axali Cems SemoqmedebaSi~ da `visac jazi giyvarT~, romelsac jimSer iaSvili uZRveboda). es TiTqos ufro misaRebi forma iyo, magram aRar gagrZelebula — TandaTan aSkara gaxda, rom amgvari mimoxilvebi (miT ufro yovelTviuri da yovelwliuri) musikaluri mauwyeblobis Tanamedrove struqturas aRar Seesabameboda. 4. saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba saqarTvelos radios programaSi 1992-2004 wlebSi Tavisi gamokveTili adgili eWira saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas, romelic moicavda mecnierebisa da teqnikis, istoria-eTnografiis, samarTlis, medicinis, ekologiisa da sxva msgavs Temebze Seqmnil gadacemebs. zogierTi maTgani adrindeli, tradiciuli programebisa da rubrikebis gagrZelebas warmoadgenda, umetesoba ki am periodSi pirvelad gavida eTerSi. am programebs amzadebdnen sazogadoebriv-politikuri gadacemebis mTavari redaqcia (romelic am dros ukve saxalxo meurneobis mTavar redaqciasac moicavda), literaturul-dramatuli programebis mTavari redaqcia, aseve sabavSvo, axalgazrduli da musikaluri gadacemebis redaqciebic, magram isini imdenad specifikuria, rom umjobesi iqneba maTi erToblivad ganxilva. mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilze saqarTvelos radio yovelTvis axerxebda garkveuli dro daeTmo eTerSi saqarTvelos istoriis, eTnografiis, erovnuli kulturuli memkvidreobis sakiTxebisaTvis. qveynis damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg amis SesaZlebloba, cxadia, bevrad gaizarda. suverenuli qveynis saxelmwifo radiom saqarTvelos istoriis gacno357 ba patriotuli aRzrdis efeqtur saSualebad aqcia. warsulis saamayo ambebisa da Rirseul mamuliSvilTa gaxsenebiT saqarTvelos radio Tanamedroveebs samSoblos damoukideblobisa da teritoriuli mTlianobis dacvisaken mouwodebda. am suliskveTebiT iyo gaJRenTili mweral vaxtang WeliZis saavtoro gadacemaTa cikli `saqarTvelos istoria — gmirebi da movlenebi~, romelic 1992-1996 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 25-30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (mikrofonTan TviTon avtori gamodioda). es cikli saTaves 1983 wlidan iRebs da mudam iwvevda msmenelTa did interess. rogorc cnobilia, misi beWduri varianti ramdenimejer da ramdenime tomad gamoica kidec `qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebis~ saxelwodebiT. 1997-2000 wlebSi vaxtang WeliZis cikls Caenacvla mweral Tamaz natroSvilis cikli `etiudebi Cveni warsulidan~ (Semdeg igi 2004 wlis programaSic gamoCnda). cikli popularizacias uwevda Cveni gmiri mefeebis moRvaweobas, qarTveli meomrebis patriotul SemarTebas, qristianobisTvis wamebuli adamianebis cxovrebas da a.S. programis TiToeul gamoSvebas Tavisi saxelwodeba hqonda: `raindebi~, `ubadlo mesaWe daviT aRmaSenebeli~, `jerjerobiT auxsneli~, `JamTa aRmwereli~, `CafuSuli revanSi~ da sxv. (qronometraJi 30 wuTi). aseve, 1992-1993 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda Jurnalist qeTevan sadRobelaSvilis saavtoro programis `kviraZalis~ gadacema. es mxatvrul-saganmanaTleblo programa yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 1 saaTis moculobiT. 1998 wels gaCnda axali 15-wuTiani rubrika `Tbilisis istoriidan~. masSi saubari iyo Tbilisis daarsebaze, mis sataxto qalaqad qcevasa da Semdgom ganviTarebaze, im brZolis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTvel ers mouxda ucxoel dampyroblebTan dedaqalaqis SenarCunebisaTvis, qalaqis sxvadasxva drois Taviseburebebze da a.S. aseve, 1997 wels programa `lileSi~ Seiqmna rubrika `saqarTvelos soflebi~, romelmac erTi wlis Semdeg damoukidebeli saxe miiRo. igi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda adrian diliT 15 wuTis moculobiT. avtorebi — ivane da sofiko jafariZeebi msmenelebs mouTxrobdnen saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis soflebze, maT warsulsa da Tanamedroveobaze, acnobdnen iq arsebul istoriul Zeglebs, adaT358 wesebs da sxv. am rubrikebma ori weli iarseba. 2000-2001 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios literaturuldramatuli gadacemebis redaqciaSi mzaddeboda yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `sayrdeni~ (avtori giorgi zariZe), romelic exeboda istoriul-filosofiur problemebs, rac dResac mTavar saazrovno sayrdens warmoadgens mecnierebisaTvis. esaa: saxelmwifos arsi da mniSvneloba, misi simtkicisa da rRvevis safuZveli, samyaroSi arsebuli kanonzomierebani da sxva, sadReisod metad aqtualuri da jer kidev pasuxgaucemeli sakiTxebi. masSi gamoyenebuli iyo narkvevebi politikur moZRvrebaTa istoriidan, fragmentebi sxvadasxva filosofosTa publicisturi naSromebidan da a.S. saqarTvelos istoriul warsulsa da tradiciebs eZRvneboda agreTve 20-wuTiani programa `foliantebi~, romelic 2001-2002 wlebSi aseve yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti dali morgoSia). yovel gamoSvebaSi TiTo stumari iyo mowveuli, magaliTad: istorikosi merab vaCnaZe, arqeologi ramin ramiSvili, enaTmecnieri avTandil arabuli, eTnografi Tina oCiauri da sxv. xSirad ikiTxeboda Sesabamisi nawyvetebi mxatvruli nawarmoebebidan. programaSi saubari iyo agreTve im qveynebis istoriasa da eTnografiaze, sadac pirvelad Caisaxa civilizacia (egvipte, saberZneTi, indoeTi da sxv.). msmenelebs acnobdnen ucxoeli mogzaurebis Tu cnobili pirebis gamonaTqvamebs saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebis Sesaxeb da a.S. amave redaqciis ramdenime saganmanaTleblo gadacema eZRvneboda qarTul enas, literaturas, Teatrs. rogorc adre aRiniSna, 1991 wlis maisSi daiwyo da 10 welze metxans iyo eTerSi literaturuli ganyofilebis programa `enai Semkuli da kurTxeuli~ (avtori da wamyvani mwerali da Jurnalisti Tamaz xmalaZe). igi gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da msmenelebs acnobda qarTuli enis raobas, mis mniSvnelobas eris cxovrebaSi (`rogor viciT dedaena~, `ena da erovnuli kultura~, `kavSiri dedaenisa eris sulTan da xorcTan~, `Tavankara qarTuli~, `ra pasuxs gavcemT STamomavlobas~ da a.S.). sxvadasxva dros programaSi monawileobdnen enaTmecnierebi, literatorebi, mwerlebi, mTargmnele359 bi, pedagogebi (magaliTad: enaTmecnierebis institutis direqtori prof. besarion jorbenaZe, prof. giorgi gogolaSvili, filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidati maia lomaia, iaponeli qarTvelologi iasuhiro kojima, prof. genadi burWulaZe, Jurnal `saguramos~ mTavari redaqtori andro bedukaZe, afxazuri enis specialisti prof. Teimuraz gvancelaZe da sxv.). isini saubrobdnen qarTuli enis sadReiso saWirboroto sakiTxebze: qarTuli sityvis kulturaze, enobriv darRvevebze, sasaubro enaSi arasworad damkvidrebul terminebze, im barbarizmebze, romelic uaryofiTad moqmedebs Tanamedrove saliteraturo enaze da sxv. programaSi agreTve CarTuli iyo poeziis nimuSebi, publicisturi werilebi. garkveulwilad saganmanaTleblo, ufro zustad saganmanaTleblo-publicisturi xasiaTi hqonda Tamaz xmalaZis meore saavtoro gadacemas, `literatura da sxva~, romelic 20022004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi imeorebda 20-iani wlebis cnobili qarTuli Jurnalis saxelwodebas da exeboda ara mxolod literaturisa Tu xelovnebis sxva dargebs, aramed yvelafers, rac eris sulier, kulturul cxovrebas ukavSirdeba, ganixilavda iseT Temebs, rac maradiuli da yvela droisTvis mniSvnelovania. gadacema radiosaubris Janrs miekuTvneboda. dialogi mimdinareobda wamyvansa (avtorsa) da studiaSi mowveul stumars Soris, romelic, rogorc wesi, sazogadoebisaTvis sakmaod cnobil pirovnebas warmoadgenda da uTuod hqonda saTqmeli da auditoriisTvis gasaziarebeli (magaliTad, Tsu mesxeTis filialis reqtori merab beriZe, mwerlebi nugzar SataiZe, zaur kalandia, guram doCanaSvili, laSa daviTaSvili da sxv.). `literatura da sxvas~ yoveli gamoSveba erT Temas eZRvneboda, Tumca saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba am Temaze saubari ramdenime gadacemaSic gagrZelebuliyo. magaliTad, 2004 wlis 4 aprilis gadacemaSi mowveuli iyo soxumidan axaldabrunebuli mwerali guram odiSaria, Sesabamisad, saubari exeboda afxazeTis, kerZod qarTvelebisa da afxazebis urTierTdamokidebulebas istoriis manZilze da axla. am saubars `literatura da sxvas~ sami gamoSveba daeTmo. qarTuli Teatris ganvlil gzas asaxavda gadacema `qar360 Tuli Teatris cxovrebis safexurebi~ igi sistematurad gadaicemoda 1995 wels naxevari saaTis moculobiT (avtori da wamyvani Teatrmcodne naTela uruSaZe). demokratiuli sazogadoeba, yvela sxva niSan-TvisebasTan erTad, upirvelesad samarTlebrivi sazogadoebaa da cxadia, rom demokratiis gzaze damdgari saqarTvelos radioSi samarTlebrivi codnis gavrcelebas saTanado yuradReba eqceoda. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia 1999 wlis Semodgomaze Seqmnili programa `kanonma mogvaniWa~, romelsac mogvianebiT `me, Sen da kanoni~ ewoda da 2004 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda. programa mzaddeboda saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi, uZRveboda Jurnalisti giorgi CokoSvili. am periodSi miRebul iqna axali samoqalaqo kodeqsi, romlis SeqmnaSic qarTvel specialistebTan erTad aqtiurad monawileobdnen germaneli iuristebic. aqedan gamomdinare, gadacemaTa es cikli mzaddeboda goeTes institutTan da germaniis teqnikur sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobiT. pirveli gadacema 1-saaTiani iyo da eTerSi gavida saxelwodebiT `es ufleba kanonma mogvaniWa~ — studiaSi iyo iuristi koba daviTaSvili. Semdgom programa gadaicemoda jer or kviraSi erTxel 45 wuTis, mere ki — yovelkvireulad 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. sxvadasxva dros masSi monawileobdnen axalgazrda iuristTa asociaciis wevrebi: zviad korZaZe, vaxtang kobiaSvili, Tamuna metreveli da sxvebi, bolo ramdenime wels ki gadacemas hyavda ucvleli iuristi diana berikaSvili. zogjer studiaSi iwvevdnen moqmed mosamarTleebsac. saubari mimdinareobda pirdapir eTerSi msmenelebis aqtiuri monawileobiT. ZiriTadi Temebi iyo qonebis, memkvidreobis, qorwinebisa da sxva socialur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi dokumentebi da kanonTa kodeqsebi. programa 2004 wlis bolomde arsebobda. saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo agreTve samarTlebrivi gadacema `uflebebi 18 wlamde~, romelic 2001 wlis noembridan 2002 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda. igi dafinansebuli iyo gaeros fondis grantiT (avtori lia wiklauri, qronometraJi 20 wuTi). samarTlebriv sakiTxebTan erTad mosaxleobis gansakuTrebul interess yovelTvis iwvevda samedicino informacia, 361 janmrTelobis dacvis sakiTxebi. am mxriv saqarTvelos radioSi garkveuli tradicia didi xnidan arsebobda da axlac grZeldeboda. 1992-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda programa `janmrTeloba~, romelic 60-ian wlebSi Seiqmna (wamyvanebi — gulnara arobeliZe da asmaT barsoniZe, qronometraJi 20 wuTi). msmenelebs uxvad miewodebda informacia sxvadasxva daavadebis warmoqmnis, gavrcelebisa da mkurnalobis Sesaxeb. studiaSi mowveuli medicinis muSakebi saubrobdnen axal preparatebze, samedicinos sferos siaxleebze, uaxles teqnologiebze, daavadebaTa mkurnalobis Tanamedrove meTodebze, pasuxobdnen msmenelTa SekiTxvebs. programas garkveulwilad publicisturi datvirTvac hqonda — TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi sxvadasxva samedicino dawesebulebidan, Suqdeboda maTi saqmianoba da problemebi. yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi aseve tradiciuli 15-wuTiani rubrika `janmrTeli rom viyoT~. masSi gaerTianebuli iyo sxvadasxva gadacemebi, romlebic exeboda bavSvTa daavadebebs da maT mkurnalobas, mozardTa seqsualur aRzrdas, grips da misi gavrcelebis gzebs, infeqciur daavadebebsa da maTi Tavidan acilebis saSualebebs da a.S. 1992 wels samedicino gadacemebs Seemata Sereuli saxis programa `vidre saxlidan gaxvidodeT~. igi kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 10 wuTis xangrZlivobiT — erTxel samedicino Temaze, meored ki iuridiuli konsultaciis saxiT. 1993 wels mas ewoda `vidre Sinidan gaxvidodeT~ da eTerSi gadioda oTxjer imave qronometraJiT (Temebic aseve icvleboda), uZRvebodnen: asmaT barsoniZe, jemal melqaZe, irine keSelava da sxv. 1996-1998 wlebSi programis avtori da wamyvani iyo Tamar dondua. programis samedicino gamoSvebebi mosaxleobas awvdida saTanado rCeva-darigebas sxvadasxva daavadebis, infeqciisa da epidemiis Tavidan asacileblad. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom afxazeTSi brZolebis dros programa erTgvari Suamavlis rols asrulebda radiomsmenelebsa da meomrebs Soris. saxelmwifos xSirad ar hqonda saSualeba droulad miewodebina saTanado medikamentebi daWrili jariskacebisaTvis. `vidre Sinidan gaxvidodeT~ regularulad mimarTavda mosaxleobas daxmarebisaTvis, acnobda saWiro medikamentebis nusxas, misamar362 Tebs, sadac unda mietanaT Semowiruleba, gadascemda, Tu ra jgufis sisxli iyo saWiro daWrilebisaTvis da a.S. 2002-2004 wlebSi samedicino rCevebs garkveul adgils uTmobda agreTve adre ganxiluli Sereuli saxis sakonsultacio toqSou `socialuri saaTi mrgval magidasTan~. gamoSvebebs samarTlebriv Temebze enacvleboda gamoSvebebi, romlebic mTlianad samedicino sakiTxebs eZRvneboda (wamyvani — Jurnalisti maia gvritiSvili, qronometraJi 45 wuTi). sxva samedicino rubrikebidan aRsaniSnavia `ojaxis eqimi~ (1998) da `radioafTiaqi~ (1999). pirvel gadacemaSi studiaSi mowveuli eqimi pasuxobda radiomsmenelTa SekiTxvebs da aZlevda saWiro rCevebs, meore (wamyvani maia gvritiSvili) — msmenelebs acnobda sxvadasxva preparatis daniSnulebas, ojaxSi mkurnalobis wesebs, pirveladi daxmarebis meTodebs da a.S. orive rubrikis qronometraJi 15 wuTi iyo. am gadacemebis nacvlad 1999 wlis oqtombridan Seiqmna axali samedicino gadacema `eqimi gvirCevs~, romelic 2002 wlis bolomde kviraSi orjer gadaicemoda 15 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. gadacemas amzadebda samkaciani jgufi: Jurnalisti (maia gvritiSvili) da ori eqimi. pirdapir eTerSi erT gamoSvebaze muSaobda ojaxis eqimi, meore gamoSvebaze ki — jandacvis saministros pressamsaxuris ufrosi. ramdenadme gansxvavebuli xasiaTi hqonda samedicino rubrikas `icocxleT, batono!~ (1998-1999). igi mTlianad eZRvneboda jansaRi cxovrebis wesis propagandas. ganxiluli iyo, Tu rogor uaryofiTad moqmedebs adamianis fiziologiur da fsiqikur mdgomareobaze iseTi mavne Cvevebi, rogoricaa: Tambaqos weva, loToba, narkotikebis miReba, rogor SeiZleba maTgan Tavis daRweva. zemoT aRniSnuli samedicino programebis Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom adre ganxiluli ekonomikuri gadacemebis msgavsad mTeli rigi programebi aqac hgavs erTmaneTs, xdeba Temebis gaumarTlebeli dublireba da a.S. magram im dros, roca qveyana ZiriTadad fasian samedicino momsaxurebaze gadavida da mosaxleobis udidesi nawilisaTvis araTu mkurnaloba, aramed eqimis ubralo darigebac ki xelmiuwvdomeli gaxda, radioTi gadmocemuli samedicino konsultaciebi da rCeva363 darigebebi albaT bevrisTvis iqneboda saWiro da sainteresoc. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1992-2003 wlebSi saqarTvelos radios samauwyeblo bade sakmaod mravalferovani iyo, gadacemebs, romlebic qveyanaSi mimdinare mecnierul-teqnikur procesebs asaxavda, masSi arcTu ise didi adgili hqonda daTmobili. es arsebuli sinamdvilis anarekli iyo — samoqalaqo dapirispirebebiTa da teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZoliT Zalagamoclil qveyanas am sferos ganviTarebisaTvis arc finansuri da arc materialur-teqnikuri resursebi aRar gaaCnda da qveynis didi mecnieruli potenciali ZiriTadad gamouyenebeli rCeboda. Sesabamisad, radioprogramaSi samecniero informaciis wili sagrZnoblad Semcirda, Tumca drodadro gadaicemoda calkeuli samecniero gamokvlevisa Tu aRmoCenis Sesaxeb. ZiriTadi adgili daikava mecnierebis ganviTarebis axali gzebis Ziebam, sazRvargareTis samecniero centrebTan urTierTobis Temam, msoflio teqnikuri miRwevebis propagandam da a.S. 1993 wlidan `mecnierebisa da teqnikuri progresis~ rubrikiT eTerSi gamoCnda yovelkvireuli 25-30-wuTiani programebi: `kvanti~, `amplituda~ da `axali idea~. `kvanti~ eTerSi gadaicemoda 1993 wlis maisamde. misi mTavari amocana iyo msmenelebisaTvis gaecno saqarTveloSi mecnierebisa da teqnikis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi, qarTvel da ucxoel mecnierTa gamogoneba-aRmoCenebi, respublikaSi axali teqnikis danergvis mimdinareoba da a.S. analogiuri programa iyo `amplituda~, romelic mxolod dekembris TveSi gadaicemoda. programa `axali idea~ (avtorebi da wamyvanebi — nanuli WavWaniZe da irine keSelava) ZiriTadad gadascemda cnobebs qarTvel gamomgonebelTa muSaobaze. studiaSi iwvevdnen axal ideaTa avtorebs, romlebic saubrobdnen TavianT saqmianobaze, arsebul problemebze. didi yuradReba eTmoboda sazRvargareTis firmebsa da fondebs, romlebic zrunavdnen saqarTvelos teqnikuri ganviTarebisaTvis. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi sawarmoebidan da samecniero laboratoriebidan, samecniero-teqnikuri konferenciebidan, romlebic imarTeboda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. 1996 wlidan `axali ideis~ perioduloba dairRva — igi xan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda, xan or 364 kviraSi erTxel an TveSi erTxel. zogjer ki mas enacvleboda calkeuli gadacemebi: `menejmenti mecnierebaSi~, `reforma mecnierebis organizaciaSi~, `saqarTveloSi mineraluri resursebis koncefcia~, `Tbilisis stabiluri izotopebis instituti~, `monitoringi geologiaSi~ da a.S. garkveuli adgili eWira saqarTvelos radioSi ekologiis Temas. damoukidebel saqarTveloSi mimdinare arasasurvelma procesebma, dausrulebelma ekonomikurma krizisma am mxrivac mravali problema warmoqmna, rac saTanado gadacemebSic aisaxa. 1992 wlidan daiwyo `ekologiuri radioprogramis~ gadacema, romelic mzaddeboda saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti barbare benaSvili). igi naxevari saaTis xangrZlivobisa iyo da 1992-1993 wlebSi yovelTviurad gadaicemoda, 1994-1995 wlebSi ki — TveSi orjer. 1996-1998 wlebSi mas `ekologia~ erqva da yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi imave qronometraJiT. programa radiomsmenelebs mouTxrobda qveynis sxvadasxva regionis ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. studiaSi mowveuli ekologebi saubrobdnen, Tu rogor ziandeba wylebi, niadagi, tyeebi, nakrZalebi mewarmeebis, brakonierebisa Tu ubralod ekonomikurad SeWirvebuli mosaxleobis mier da rogor aviciloT Tavidan es ubedureba. am Temaze regularulad gadaicemoda reportaJebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionidan, romlebsac specialuri korespondentebi amzadebdnen. rubrikebi `ekoglobusi~ da `ekodaijesti~ msmenelebs acnobda ucxoeTis informaciebs rogorc calkeuli qveynebis, ise globaluri ekologiuri problemebis Sesaxeb. 1998 wels `ekodaijesti~ damoukidebel gadacemad Camoyalibda, magram eTerSi araregularulad gadaicemoda. igi iZleoda informacias mobiluri telefonebis moxmarebis wesebze, kompiuteruli sistemebis danergvaze, benzingasamarTi sadgurebis mavneobaze da a.S. sxva saganmanaTleblo programebidan aRsaniSnavia yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `maTTvis, vinc gzaSia~, romelic 1992-1995 wlebSi mzaddeboda saSinao politikis mTavar redaqciaSi specialurad mZRolebisaTvis (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti zaza zviadauri). masSi saubari iyo transportze da masTan dakavSirebul problemebze, mZRolebis 365 uflebebsa da movaleobebze, Tanamedrove saukeTeso markis manqanebze da sxv., rasac zogjer emateboda informaciebi sagzao SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb. Tavisi arsiT saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas esazRvreba gadacemebi religiis Temaze — religiuri codnis gavrcelebasa da religiuri rwmenis damkvidrebaze. mas Semdeg, rac sabWoTa imperia daingra da saqarTvelom damoukideblobas miaRwia, adrindeli, saxelmwifo ideologiiT savaldebulo aTeizmi Cvens qveyanaSi warsuls Cabarda da religiur Temas masmediaSi yovelgvari SezRudva moexsna. 1992-2000 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda 15-30-wuTiani religiuri programis `mwyemsi keTilis~ gadacema (avtori Tina kobalaZe, 1996 wlidan — marika dauSvili, uZRveboda TinaTin elbaqiZe). 1994 wlamde igi kviradReobiT iyo eTerSi, Semdeg ki — yovel SabaT-kviras. programaSi saubari iyo qristianul rwmenaze, morwmune adamianebis Tanamedrove cxovrebaze, wmindanTa moRvaweobaze da a.S. aRniSnavdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebs, mowameTa xsenebis dReebs. ramdenime gadacema mieZRvna wmindan mefeTa cxovrebas. programaSi CarTuli iyo `saeklesio moambe~. xSirad kiTxulobdnen saqarTvelos kaTalokos-patriarqis ilia meores epistoleebs. gadacemaSi aqtiurad monawileobdnen samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebi. 1996-1997 wlebSi eTerSi iyo rubrika `saubrebi marTlmadideblobaze~. es iyo sasuliero pirTa 10-15-wuTiani qadagebani imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda cxovrobdes WeSmariti qristiani, rogor tardeba saeklesio ritualebi da sxv. amasTan, isini pasuxobdnen msmenelTa SekiTxvebs, iZleodnen rCeva-darigebas. 1999 wels Seiqmna 15-wuTiani yovelkvireuli rubrika `sagzali sulis sazrdod~ (2000 wlidan `sagzali~). igi msmenelebs mouTxrobda morwmuneTa Tavganwirvaze qristianuli rwmenis SenarCunebisaTvis, sxvadasxva kuTxiT ganixilavda ama Tu im istoriul da religiur faqtebs da xels uwyobda auditorias garkveuliyo sasuliero sakiTxebSi. amave wlis 28 agvistos pirvelad gavida eTerSi saeklesio programa `uflis gzaze~, romelic mieZRvna mariamobis dResaswauls. ganmartebuli iyo, Tu ras niSnavs es dResaswauli da rogor unda aRniSnos igi qarTvelma marTlmadidebelma 366 qristianma. programis Semdgomi gamoSvebebi mieZRvna sxva religiur TariRebs qarTvel da ucxoel didmowameebs. gadacema auditorias acnobda agreTve Zvel da axal aRTqmas, aswavlida fsalmunebsa da sxva mniSvnelovan locvebs, aZlevda saWiro rCeva-darigebas. garda amisa, specialurad mzaddeboda calkeuli gadacemebi Sobis, aRdgomis, bzobis, xarebis, amaRlebisa da sxva tradiciuli saeklesio dResaswaulebis aRsaniSnavad. magaliTad, 2000 wlis 30 aprils aRdgomis brwyinvale dResaswauls mieZRvna 40-wuTiani gadacema `sikeTisa da siyvarulis madliT~, romelsac uZRveboda Jurnalisti gulnara odiSaria. igi esaubreboda saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqs ilia meores, romelmac miuloca ers aRdgoma da ganmarta misi mniSvneloba, agreTve ganmarta saeklesio sagaloblebi, romelic paralelurad ismoda eTerSi. aseve, sainformacio-musikalur, sabavSvo da literaturul programebSi xSirad iyo rubrikebi religiur Temaze. `dilaadrianis~ programiT gadaicemoda rubrikebi: `dRe meeqvse~ da `dRis wmindani~. SabaTis tradiciuli rubrika `dRe meeqvse~ auditorias acnobda, rogor warmoiSva saeklesio nivTebi: jvari, zari, sakmeveli, barZimi da a.S., rogor moeqcnen qristianul rwmenaze zeciuri saswaulebis Sedegad urwmunoni da sxv. rubrika `dRis wmindani~ gadaicemoda wmindanTa xsenebis dReebSi da msmenelebs mouTxrobda maT cxovrebasa da moRvaweobaze. 2001-2002 wlebSi religiur Temaze saqarTvelos radios badeSi mxolod erTi programaa — `wyaro~ (qronometraJi 15 wuTi), 2003 wlidan ki aRarc is Cans. savaraudoa, es imiT aixsneba, rom am periodSi ukve muSaobs saqarTvelos sapatriarqos radiosadguri `iveria~, romelic mTel respublikaze eweva mauwyeblobas. 5. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyebloba saqarTvelos radioSi yovelTvis iyo sazogadoebis garkveuli nawilisaTvis gankuTvnili TiTo-orola `misamarTiani~ rubrika (magaliTad, gadacemebi qalebisaTvis, mSoblebisaTvis, mZRolebisaTvis, enebis SemswavlelTaTvis da a.S.). mag367 ram arsebiTad mauwyeblobis es sistema moicavda or did sferos — sabavSvo da axalgazrdul mauwyeblobas. am mxriv, ra Tqma unda, yvelaze gamokveTili iyo sabavSvo mauwyebloba. igi 1992-2004 wlebSic inarCunebda Tavis sistemur saxes, radgan erTdroulad moicavda sxvadasxva asakis auditorias (umcrosi, saSualo da ufrosi asakis bavSvebs) da sxvadasxva saxis mauwyeblobasac (publicisturs, saganmanaTleblos, mxatvruls). samauwyeblo rubrikebis sistemac amgvar diferenciaciaze iyo damyarebuli. nawili adrindeli rubrikebisa (`cicinaTela~, `Zilispiruli~, `cxra-naxevari~, `wignis Taro~ da sxv.) isev ganagrZobda arsebobas, magram ZiriTadad programa axali rubrikebisagan Sedgeboda, rac upirvelesad ganpirobebuli iyo sabavSvo mauwyeblobis mkveTri deideologizaciiT, politikuri aRzrdis nacvlad didaqtikuri da saganmanaTleblo funqciebis win wamoweviT, norCi TaobisaTvis patriotuli suliskveTebis CanergviT. es rubrikebi mzaddeboda saqarTvelos radios saymawvilo-saganmanaTleblo programebis mTavar redaqciaSi — ase ewoda mas 1992 wlidan, roca kvlav gamoeyo sabavSvo da axalgazrduli programebis mTavar redaqcias da isev damoukidebeli statusi SeiZina (mTavari redaqtori julieta lomTaZe). am periodSi redaqciaSi muSaobdnen: anzor gelaSvili, ema bugianaSvili, dodo iaSvili, lili WaniSvili, Tamar gamrekeli, Tamar kikvaZe, ivane jafariZe, rusudan varZiaSvili, irma xarSilaZe, neli rusiSvili, maia macxonaSvili, guranda kasraZe, nino jijavaZe, cisana elisaSvili. radios saymawvilo-saganmanaTleblo programebi yovelTvis gamoirCeoda mravalTemianobiT, magram gadacemebis forma specifikuri iyo: TamaSis, dadgmis elementebi, konkursebi, viqtorinebi, msmenelebTan uSualo kontaqti, Tavad maTi monawileoba gadacemebSi ganapirobebda imas, rom mozardebisaTvis saintereso da advilad aRsaqmeli yofiliyo seriozuli movlenebi da problemebi. es gansakuTrebiT umcrosi da saSualo asakis bavSvebs Seexeba. 1999 wlamde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda patara msmenelebisaTvis 20-wuTiani `radiosadguri `cicinaTela~ — mokle zRapari-dadgmebi. zogjer mas radiokompoziciis formac hqonda da garkveul Temas eZRvnebo368 da. aseve grZeldeboda maTTvis saRamos zRapris — `Zilispirulis~ gadacema, romelic eTerSi iyo yoveldRe, kvirisa da orSabaTis garda (15 wuTi). 1993-1999 wlebSi patarebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili agreTve yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `qaRaldis frani~ (`eZRvneba maT, visac uyvars frena da amisTvis xandaxan qaRaldis fransac akeTebs~). programis avtori da mudmivi wamyvani, bavSvebis didi megobari da mesaidumle `guga~ (guranda kasraZe) advilad amyarebda urTierTobas am specifikur auditoriasTan. bavSvebi mas usvamdnen uamrav SekiTxvas maTTvis saintereso Temebze da TviTonac Tamamad saubrobdnen realur Tu gamogonil ambebze. gadaicemoda nawyvetebi sabavSvo speqtaklebidan, musikaluri nomrebi, TviTon bavSvTa Semoqmedeba — leqsebi, Canaxatebi, moTxrobebi da a.S. xSirad bavSvebi urekavdnen wamyvans da masTan saubarSi ibadeboda gadacemis axali Tema, romlis formas ganapirobebda seriozuli sagnebis Sesaxeb msubuqi iumoriT gajerebuli dialogi, saxaliso formiT miwodebuli informacia. SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `bardnala~ msubuqi, xalisiani formiT patarebs awvdida informacias cxovelTa, frinvelTa da mcenareTa samyaros Sesaxeb, kosmosze, bunebis movlenebze, istoriaze, folklorze, xelovnebaze da a.S. gadacemaSi CarTuli iyo Temis Sesabamisi simRerebi, zRaprebi, leqsebi, romlebsac xSir SemTxvevaSi Tavad bavSvebi kiTxulobdnen. SemecnebiTi masala emyareboda dialogs wamyvansa (maia macxonaSvili) da gadacemis mudmivmoqmed zRaprul personaJebs Soris. programa gadaicemoda kviraSi erTxel 1997 wlis ianvridan 2000 wlis seqtembramde. 2000-2004 wlebSi `bardnalis~ funqcias ramdenadme agrZelebda gadacema `zRapareTi~, romelic miznad isaxavda bavSvebis fantaziis gaRvivebasa da mexsierebis ganviTarebas. gadacemis wamyvani nino jijavaZe bavSvebs uambobda zRapars da Semdeg esaubreboda masSi wamoWril sxvadasxva Temaze. rubrikaSi `jadosnuri Wogriti~ msaxiobebis mier gacocxlebuli zRapris gmirebi msmenelebs zRapareTis qveynis siaxleebs acnobdnen, xolo `zRapareTis skivrSi~ sayvarel zRaprebs yvebodnen. `jadosnuri patefoni~ bavSvebs mxiarul simRerebs asmeninebda. 369 bavSvobis Temas ukavSirdeboda `gemi `bavSvoba~ (avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe), romelic 1999-2001 wlebSi TveSi erTxel enacvleboda programa `ablabudas~. es iyo simboluri `gemi~ Tavisi mudmivi ekipaJiT (kapitani, Sturmani, koki, mezRvaurebi), romelzec stumrad iwvevdnen romelime popularul pirovnebas Tavis bavSvobaSi samogzaurod. igi igonebda Tavis ezos, baRs, skolas, ixsenebda bavSvobaSi sayvarel simRerebs, leqsebs da a.S. gadacemas Tan axlda viqtorina msmenelebisaTvis da gamarjvebul bavSvebs iwvevdnen Semdeg Sexvedraze. saSualo da ufrosi asakis bavSvebisaTvis mauwyeblobas ukve diferencirebuli xasiaTi hqonda — eTerSi iyo rogorc publicisturi, ise saganmanaTleblo da mxatvruli gadacemebi. saymawvilo publicisturi programa iyo `dila mSvidobisa!~, romelic 1991 wels daiwyo da 1994 wlis bolomde grZeldeboda, misi mTavari Tema skola da masTan dakavSirebuli problemebi iyo (wamyvanebi rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe, gadaicemoda yovelkvireulad 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT). Sereuli saxis, publicistur-saganmanaTleblo Tu publicistur-mxatvrul programebs warmoadgendnen `cxra-naxevari~ da `ablabuda~. lili WaniSvilisa da dodo iaSvilis programa `cxra-naxevari~, rogorc adre aRiniSna, 1989 wels Seiqmna da 1994 wlis bolomde yovel kviradRes gadaicemoda eTerSi 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. saskolo cxovrebis asaxvasTan erTad programa bavSvebs acnobda saqarTvelos istoriis RirsSesaniSnav epizodebs, qarTuli mwerlobis saukeTeso nimuSebs, uyveboda sensaciur da saxaliso ambebs da anekdotebs. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi ganmartavdnen religiis sxvadasxva sakiTxebs bavSvebisaTvis gasageb enaze, aRniSnavdnen saeklesio dResaswaulebs da a.S. programas Tavad moswavleebi uZRvebodnen. programa `ablabuda~ 1992 wlidan yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda pirdapir eTerSi 2004 wlis meore naxevramde 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (aqedan 15 wuTi eTmoboda bavSvTa qarTuli simReris `hit-aRlums~), uZRvebodnen avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe. programa ZiriTadad saskolo cxovrebis amsaxvel siuJetebs Seicavda. gadaicemoda repor370 taJebi skolebidan, interviuebi moswavleebTan, informaciebi kulturis sxvadasxva sferodan, norC xelovanTa Semoqmedebis nimuSebi. programas hyavda Tavisi sportuli komentatori da hqonda saganmanaTleblo rubrikebi. `hit-aRlumis~ mizani iyo sabavSvo auditoriaSi qarTuli sabavSvo simReris popularizacia, niWieri momRerali bavSvebis gamovlena. wamyvanebi (bavSvi da popularuli momRerali) yovel gamoSvebaSi waradgendnen sam sakonkurso simReras da bavSvebis satelefono zarebis mixedviT Tvis bolos gamovlindeboda maT Soris saukeTeso — Tvis hiti. yovelwliurad an weliwadSi orjer ki xdeboda gamarjvebulTa prizebiT dajildoeba. aRniSnuli proeqtis ganxorcielebisaTvis sakuTari musikaluri fondic Seiqmna. gansxvavebuli xasiaTis iyo (adrindeli wlebis gadacemas — `yvelas safiqralsa da sazrunavs~ exmianeboda) toqSou `erTad~, romelic 2002-2004 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 50 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi exeboda im mwvave problemebs, romlebic mozardebis winaSe daayena qveynis dRevandelma mdgomareobam (danaSaulobaTa zrda, narkomania, prostitucia, maTxovari bavSvebi da sxv.). saxelwodeba albaT mianiSnebda, rom am problemebis gadaWra mxolod sazogadoebis erTiani ZalisxmeviT aris SesaZlebeli. studiaSi TavSeyrili mSoblebi, pedagogebi, fsiqologi an sxva specialisti Ria eTerSi ismendnen winaswar momzadebul siuJets zemoT aRniSnul romelime sakiTxze, Semdeg ki iwyeboda masze msjeloba, romelSic telefoniT radiomsmenelebic Rebulobdnen monawileobas. ase rom, es gadacema mozardebis garda ufrosi Taobis msmenelebisTvisac iyo gankuTvnili (avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe). 2001 wlis seqtembridan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi da Semdeg 2003 wels eTerSi iyo amave avtorebis gadacema `klubi `p~ (anu profesionalTa klubi — 40 wuTi). igi mozardebis profesiul orientaciac emsaxureboda da acnobda adamianis saqmianobis sxvadasxva sferos. gadacemis pirvel nawilSi studiaSi myofi mozardebi ismendnen saTanado informacias romelime konkretul profesiaze da gamoTqvamdnen TavianT Sexedulebebs. meore nawilSi stumrad mowveuli aRniSnuli profesiis warmo371 madgenlebi saubrobdnen TavianTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb da pasuxobdnen bavSvebis SekiTxvebs. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda sabavSvo-saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobas (es TviTon redaqciis saxelwodebaSic garkveviT aris miTiTebuli — `saymawvilo-saganmanaTleblo~). 1992-1995 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda tradiciuli yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programis `wignis Taros~ gadacema (avtori dodo iaSvili, uZRvebodnen diqtorebi: elene tabliaSvili da Temur CxikvaZe). igi bavSvebs acnobda qarTveli da ucxoeli Tanamedrove mwerlebis Semoqmedebas. aseve grZeldeboda anzor gelaSvilis saavtoro cikli `cxovreba xelovnebaSi~ (mxatvrebsa da moqandakeebze). anzor gelaSvili erT-erTi yvelaze niWieri Jurnalisti iyo saqarTvelos radioSi. misi bevri, maRalprofesiul doneze momzadebuli gadacema (ZiriTadad radionarkvevebi) dRemde inaxeba radios audiofondSi. magram misi didi erudicia, literaturuli niWi da daxvewili gemovneba yvelaze mkafiod gamovlinda programa `sarkeSi~. igi pirvelad gavida eTerSi 1992 wlis dekemberSi da avtoris gardacvalebamde, 2003 wlis bolomde, yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda jer naxevari saaTis, Semdeg ki 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (drodadro axlac gamoCndeba xolme safondo Canaweris saxiT). saganmanaTleblo-publicisturi gadacema `sarke~ (rogorc cxaddeboda) faqtobrivad radioeseebis seriali iyo, romelsac eTerSi kiTxulobdnen: Tina elbaqiZe, zina kverenCxilaZe, Tengiz arCvaZe, gizo sixaruliZe da mxatvruli kiTxvis sxva gamoCenili ostatebi. igi mozardebs acnobda gamoCenili qarTveli da ucxoeli sazogado moRvaweebis, mwerlebis, poetebis, mxatvrebis, musikosebis, kinosa da Teatris SemoqmedTa cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas, vinc waruSleli kvali datova sakacobrio, upiratesad mxatvruli azrovnebis istoriaSi. `mTavari am programaSi qarTuli samyaro da qarTuli esTetikuri azria — qarTuli poeziis, qarTuli musikis, qarTuli Teatrisa da mxatvrobis Sedevrebi, romelsac siymawvilidanve unda Seexo da eziaro~ — iuwyeboda gadacemis anonsi. sxvadasxva dros gadacemis gmirebi iyvnen: daviT aRmaSenebeli, vaxtang VI, qeTevan dedofali, giorgi mTawmindeli, dimit372 ri yifiani, arCil jorjaZe, mirza gelovani, miqelanjelo, pikaso da sxv. Tumca gadacemebis didi nawili ucxoelebs eZRvneboda, maqsimalurad iyo win wamoweuli maTi damokidebuleba saqarTvelosadmi. qarTuli kulturisadmi (magaliTad, gadacemaSi boris pasternakis Sesaxeb). `sarkeSi~ uxvad iyo gamoyenebuli saqarTvelos radios audiofondis unikaluri Canawerebi. gansakuTrebuli datvirTva hqonda musikas — JRerda mxolod klasikuri musikis Sedevrebi. 1993-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad iyo eTerSi 45-wuTiani programa `irao~ (avtori da wamyvani ivane jafariZe). misi mTavari Tema iyo mogzauroba, saerTod, geografia. bavSvebs miewodeboda saintereso cnobebi msoflios qveynebis, okeaneebis, mdinareebis, mTebis da a.S. Sesaxeb; saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi arsebul istoriul Zeglebze, gamoCenil qarTvel da ucxoel mogzaurebze da a.S. mudmivad iyo rubrikebi: `msoflio mogzaurebi~, `miviwyebuli aRmoCenebi~, `varaudi~ `saintereso ambebis samyaroSi~ da sxv. programaSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi, interviuebi, gamosvlebi da a.S. garkveulwilad analogiuri xasiaTisa iyo programa `qveyanaTmcodneobis darbazi~, romelic kviraSi erTxel gadaicemoda 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtorebi — neli rusiSvili da lili WaniSvili). igi bavSvebs acnobda sxvadasxva qveynis istoriasa da Tanamedrove cxovrebas, kulturas, xelovnebas, erovnul tradiciebs da a.S. 2000 wlis seqtemberSi pirvelad gavida eTerSi lili WaniSvilis saavtoro programa `qarTlis cxovreba~, romelic mieZRvna dmanisSi milion Svidasi aTasi wlis winandeli pirvelyofili adamianebis Tavis qalebis aRmoCenas. mas Semdeg — 2004 wlis bolomde, igi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da yoveli gamoSveba exeboda erT romelime konkretul Temas — erTi mefis moRvaweobas, kulturis erT Zegls an istoriis erT gamokveTil periods. magaliTad, erT gadacemaSi saubari iyo X-XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebaze, sxva gadacema mTlianad mieZRvna sveticxovlis taZars da a.S. yovel gadacemaSi Temis Sesabamisad mowveuli iyo erTi istorikosi an sxva specialisti (andria afaqiZe, mariam lorTqifaniZe, oTar lorTqifaniZe, roin metreveli, daviT musxeliSvili, devi kaWarava, daviT xoStaria da sxv.). maTi mo373 naTxrobi Sevsebuli iyo msaxiobebis mier wakiTxuli epizodebiT `qarTlis cxovrebidan~, ivane javaxiSvilis `qarTveli eris istoriidan~, vaxtang beriZis `Zveli qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebidan~ da a.S. aseve CarTuli iyo TemasTan dakavSirebuli mxatvruli nawarmoebebis nawyvetebi (magaliTad, nawyveti k. gamsaxurdias romanidan `didostatis marjvena~ da xalxuri leqsi `xekorZulas wyali misvams~). saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobis Tavisebur formas warmoadgenda gadacema `radioauqcioni~ (Jurnalistebi — dodo iaSvili da Tamar kikvaZe). igi, ra Tqma unda, mxolod sabavSvo auditoriisaTvis ar iyo gankuTvnili da arsebiTad imdroindeli socialuri realobiT iyo ganpirobebuli. `radioauqcions~ gamokveTili organizatoruli funqcia hqonda — wignebis propaganda-gayidva. wamyvani asaxelebda sxvadasxva Janrisa da Tematikis wignebs (ZiriTadad mxatvrul literaturas), mokled uambobda msmenelebs maT Sesaxeb, acnobda sad da ra fasad SeeZloT maTi SeZena. gadacema pirvelad 1994 wels gavida eTerSi da im duxWir periodSi bevri inteligenturi ojaxi sTavazobda redaqcias wignebs gasayidad Tavisi biblioTekidan. momdevno wlebSi `radioauqcionis~ Tematika TandaTan gafarTovda: ewyoboda reportaJebi wignebis bazrobebidan da literaturuli saRamoebidan; aRiniSneboda mwerlebis, musikosebis, iubileebi, saeklesio TariRebi; gadaicemoda unikaluri Canawerebi saqarTvelos radios audiofondidan; pirdapir eTerSi ikiTxeboda poeziis RirsSesaniSnavi nawarmoebebi, religiuri Tu filosofiuri wignebis fragmentebi, sazRvargareTis sabavSvo literaturis nimuSebi. 2001-2002 wlebSi mas jer `karceri `luqsi~ erqva, Semdeg ki — `radiobiblioTeka~ da yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. Suqdeboda mimdinare kulturuli movlenebi. rubrika `axali gamocemebi~ operatiul informacias iZleoda axalgamosuli wignebisa da Jurnal-gazeTebis Sesaxeb. studiaSi iwvevdnen mecnierebs, musikosebs, politikosebs (g. SaraZe, n. wuleiskiri, b. kvernaZe, m. saakaSvili da sxv.), maTTan saubarSi xSirad erTvebodnen radiomsmenelebic. mwerlebi kiTxulobdnen nawyvetebs TavianTi nawarmoebebidan da a.S. eTerSi iyo rubrikebi: `sityvis salaro~, `oqros fondi~, `Cemi sayvareli wig374 ni~, `Cemi sayvareli literaturuli gmiri~ da sxv. 2003 wels gadacemis saxeli isev Seicvala da ewoda `eZie wigni~, gadaicemoda 2004 wlis ivlisamde. calke unda gamoiyos SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `riski~ — rogorc eTerSi cxaddeboda, `Wkuis gasavarjiSebeli-gasamxiarulebeli-gasarTobi-dasasvenebeli TamaSi~, romelic miznad isaxavda bavSvebisaTvis saqarTvelos istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis gacnobas. masSi monawileobda ori saskolo gundi. konkursi 6 etapad mimdinareobda da TiToeuli maTgani emsaxureboda gundebis wevrTa codnis gamovlenas, agreTve maTi improvizaciis unaris gamomJRavnebas. konkursebis Sedegebs afasebda cnobili adamianebisgan Semdgari `brZenTa sabWo~, romlis gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba mxolod gulSematkivrebs SeeZloT. `riski~ 1992-1993 wlebSi TveSi orjer gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT, uZRvebodnen avtorebi — rusudan varZiaSvili da irma xarSilaZe. faqtobrivad es iyo TamaSis formis erTaderTi gadacema mTel imdroindel sabavSvo-saganmanaTleblo mauwyeblobaSi. aseve, erTaderTi saswavlo gadacema iyo 1991-2004 wlebSi `visac inglisuri enis Seswavla surs~. igi yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda, garda kviradRisa, adre diliT, 20 wuTis xangrZlivobiT da meordeboda gvian saRamos. sabavSvo mauwyeblobis kidev erT ZiriTad mimarTulebas warmoadgenda mxatvruli gadacemebi — mxatvruli nawarmoebebis kiTxva, radiodadgmebi, musikaluri koncertebi da programebi. mzaddeboda rubrika — `mwerali, romelsac unda icnobdeT~ (magaliTad, gadacema Sio aragvispirelze 1993 wels, Semdeg es rubrika 1999 welsac gamoCnda). periodulad gadaicemoda radiodadgmebi, romlebic aTeuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi iqmneboda sabavSvo gadacemebis mTavar redaqciaSi da sakmaod mdidari fondi Seadgina. 2002 wlis seqtembridan eTerSi gavida cikli `vkiTxulobT biblias~ (amgvari gadacemis momzadebis pirveli cda jer kidev 1993 wels iyo — cikls erqva `vkiTxulobT Zvel aRTqmas~). mas safuZvlad edo iakob gogebaSvilis `saRvTo istoria~ (`Zveli aRTqmis~ popularuli gadmocema) da bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnili `axali aRTqmis~ adaptirebuli varianti. proeqtis avtori iyo julieta lom375 TaZe, teqsts kiTxulobda msaxiobi grigol witaiSvili, xolo yoveli Tvis bolos wakiTxulis ganmartebebs iZleoda sasuliero akademiis leqtori, sapatriarqos pressamsaxuris ufrosi zurab cxovrebaZe. 2004 wlis ivnisis bolos cikli Sewyda da aRar gagrZelebula. didi cvlileba ganicada sabavSvo musikalurma mauwyeblobam. erTaderTi tradiciuli gadacema, romelic 1992-1993 wlebSi SemorCa, iyo `musikis saaTi bavSvebisaTvis~. yvela sxva rubrika, romelic 2004 wlis ivlisamde gadaicemoda, axali iyo. es cvlileba ganapiroba, erTi mxriv, Tanamedrove musikisadmi gaZlierebulma interesma da, meore mxriv, mauwyeblobis axali formebis Ziebam. 1992-1996 wlebSi TveSi orjer gadaicemoda programa `favoritebi~, romlebsac uZRvebodnen sandro staJaZe da giorgi xmalaZe. isini msmenelebs mouTxrobdnen sxvadasxva musikaluri mimarTulebis aRmocenebasa da ganviTarebaze, calkeuli musikaluri jgufebisa da Semsruleblebis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze. mTavari yuradReba eqceoda pop-musikisa da rok-musikis warmomadgenlebs. programaSi uxvad iyo CarTuli musikaluri nawarmoebebi. 1995-1996 wlebSi TveSi orjer gadaicemoda 40-wuTiani programa `debiuti~ (avtorebi — Tamar gamrekeli da cicino menTeSaSvili). misi mizani iyo TanatolebisaTvis gaecno norCi musikosebi, romlebic pirvel nabijebs dgamdnen SemoqmedebiT gzaze. msgavsi xasiaTisa iyo yovelkvireuli naxevarsaaTiani programa `dueti~. ori norCi wamyvani studiaSi esaubreboda bavSvebis sayvarel kompozitorebs Tu kulturis sxva moRvaweebs. isini yvebodnen TavianT cxovrebaze, pasuxobdnen SekiTxvebs profesiuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. studiaSi myofi norCi musikosebi asrulebdnen mowveuli kompozitorebis nawarmoebebs, ewyoboda miniviqtorina da a.S. musikalur mauwyeblobas ukavSirdeboda sabavSvo radioTeatri `mosawvevi baraTi~. moswavleTa (ZiriTad, xelovnebis gimnaziis) monawileobiT idgmeboda musikaluri zRaprebi, kompozitorebis inscenirebuli biografiebi. aseve inscenirebis saxiT bavSvebi ecnobodnen sxvadasxva samusiko sakravebs. 2000 wels sabavSvo musikalur programebs Seemata yovelTviuri naxevarsaaTiani programa `dabadebis dRe~. studiaSi 376 Tavs iyridnen im TveSi dabadebuli Tanamedrove kompozitorebi da musikosebi, bavSvebi, romlebmac TvalsaCino warmatebebs miaRwies (sxvadasxva festivalebis, konkursebisa Tu olimpiadebis gamarjvebulebi, sportul SejibrebaTa priziorebi da a.S.). garda amisa, kalendarulad aRiniSneboda klasikosi musikosebis saiubileo TariRebic. gadacemas hqonda radiowveulebis forma — misi monawileebi mRerodnen, cekvavdnen, yvebodnen kuriozebs da sasacilo ambebs, saCuqrad ki iRebdnen musikalur milocvebsa da leqsebs. ewyoboda saxaliso miniviqtorinac. sxva gadacemebisagan uTuod gamoirCeoda SemecnebiT-gasarTobi xasiaTis saymawvilo-musikaluri viqtorina `mxiaruli melomanebi~, romelic 2000-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtorebi — Tamar gamrekeli da cicino menTeSaSvili). studiaSi moTamaSe gundSi gaerTianebuli iyvnen sxvadasxva samusiko skolis IV-X klasis moswavleebi. maT evalebodaT ara marto gamoecnoT mosmenili nawarmoebi, aramed gamoemJRavnebinaT musikaluri literaturis codnac da msmenelisTvis miewodebinaT informacia kompozitorze, nawarmoebis Janrze, misi Seqmnis istoriaze. viqtorina rom calmxrivi ar yofiliyo, TamaSSi CarTuli iyvnen patara radiomsmenelebic. gadacemis msvlelobisas isini rekavdnen redaqciaSi da pasuxobdnen SekiTxvebs (radgan eTerSi Cawerili gadacema midioda, swori pasuxis avtorebi Semdeg gadacemaSi vlindeboda). studiaSi myof bavSvebTan erTad qulebs radiomsmenelebic agrovebdnen da TamaSis pirobebis Tanaxmad ematebodnen studiaSi moTamaSe gunds. saaxalwlod gamarjvebulebi cnobili xdebodnen da jildovdebodnen samaxsovro prizebiTa da sigelebiT. garda zemoT ganxiluli gadacemebisa, saymawvilo musikaluri mauwyebloba sistematurad aSuqebda mravalricxovan festivalebs, konkursebs, sabavSvo musikis kvireulebs da, rac mTavaria, TviTonac gamodioda festivalebis organizatorad. swored misi didi mondomebiT 1996 wlidan 2003 wlis CaTvliT rvajer moewyo bavSvTa qarTuli simReris festivali `gazafxulis zarebi~ (festivalis direqtori — julieta lomTaZe, samxatvro xelmZRvanelebi — irma xarSilaZe da ru377 sudan varZiaSvili, musikaluri xelmZRvaneli — gia nacvliSvili). festivalis mizani iyo qarTuli xalxuri da saestrado simReris popularizacia, axali sabavSvo simRerebis aJRereba, niWier bavSvTa aRmoCena, saqarTvelos qalaqebsa da soflebs Soris mWidro kulturuli urTierTobis damyareba. samwuxarod, rogorc saymawvilo-saganmanaTleblo programebis mTavari redaqciis yvela sxva saintereso wamowyeba, es festivalebic Sewyda: 2004 wlis ivlisidan redaqcia saerTod gauqmda da saqarTvelos radios programaSi sabavSvo gadacemebidan mxolod `qarTlis cxovreba~ darCa (xandaxan gamoCndeboda xolme `Zilispirulisa~ da `sarkis~ safondo Canawerebic). damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radioSi mkveTri cvlilebebi ganicada axalgazrdulma mauwyeblobam. jer erTi, komunisturi aRzrdis funqcia, romelic axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis safuZvels warmoadgenda, Seicvala demokratiuli azrovnebis danergvisa da axalgazrdobis erovnulpatriotuli aRzrdis amocanebiT; meore, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam da saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma socialur-politikurma movlenebma (saxelmwifo gadatrialeba, SeiaraRebuli samoqalaqo dapirispireba, teritoriuli mTlianobis darRveva, ekonomikuri stagnacia da a.S.) udidesi gavlena iqonia axalgazrdobis cxovrebaze da Tavisi asaxva pova axalgazrdul gadacemebSic. amasTan, 90-iani wlebidan publicisturi programebis gverdiT sul ufro imata saganmanaTleblo da gasarTobma programebma, rac, saerTod, damaxasiaTebelia Tanamedrove axalgazrduli subkulturisaTvis, xolo meore naxevridan TiTqmis mTlianad daikava axalgazrduli mauwyeblobis eTeri. am procesis logikuri dasasruli iyo is, rom 2000 wlidan redaqciis tradiciuli saxelwodebac gauqmda da mas SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programebis mTavari redaqcia ewoda. redaqciis SemadgenlobaSi am periodSi sxvadasxva dros muSaobdnen: manana laWyepiani (mTavari redaqtori), marine andronikaSvili, mzia gogniaSvili, maia gvritiSvili, lali daTukiSvili, zezva zviadauri, guliko kakabaZe, nino kvaracxelia, Tamar kikviZe, maia krawaSvili, giorgi leoniZe, qeTino maRraZe, ilia mxeiZe, Tamar oqruaSvili, nino JRenti, nato robaqiZe, soso simoniSvili, amiran usenaSvili da sxv.; musika378 luri redaqtorebi: nino ToraZe, guram paataSvili, daviT CabraZe, gogi ClaiZe, reJisorebi: Temur aleqsiSvili, nino andronikaSvili, zurab meqvabiSvili. rogorc aRvniSneT, axalgazrduli (Semdgom ki — SemecnebiT-gasarTobi) gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis programebSi 1992-2004 wlebSi sami ZiriTadi mimarTuleba gamoikveTa — publicisturi, saganmanaTleblo da gasarTobi (rig gadacemebSi isini gaerTianebulic aris). 1992 wels wina wlis publicisturi programa `me-10 studia~ Seicvala aseve yovelkvireuli erTsaaTiani programa `arealiT~, romelic ufro mravalferovani iyo — gadascemda politikis, ekonomikisa da kulturis siaxleebs, dedaqalaqis ambebs (avtorebi nato robaqiZe da nino kvaracxelia). masSi aqtiurad ganixileboda axalgazrdobis problemebi, studentTa cxovreba, axalgazrduli sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis muSaoba. aRsaniSnavia rubrikebi: `zneoba da politika~, `qarTul-rusuli kulturuli urTierTobis istoriidan~ (1994 wlidan) da sxv. 1996 wlidan `areali~ 25-wuTiani gaxda da mas axali avtorebi — ilia mxeiZe da maia krawaSvili amzadebdnen. wina programis msgavsad isic aqtualur sazogadoebriv-politikur sakiTxebs exeboda. studiaSi iwvevdnen politikosebs, romlebic saubrobdnen qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebze, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebze, natoSi gawevrianebaze, ucxoel liderTa vizitebze da a.S. didi yuradReba eqceoda narkomaniis problemas, axalgazrdobis zneobrivi da esTetikuri aRzrdis sakiTxebs da sxv. programa 1997 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda. amave periodSi eTerSi yovelkvireulad iyo 45-wuTiani programa `studenturi~ (avtori da wamyvani — Tamar oqruaSvili), romelic exmaureboda saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo sferoSi mimdinare mniSvnelovan movlenebs, gadascemda reportaJebs umaRlesi saswavleblebidan, interviuebs studentebTan da profesor-maswavleblebTan yvelaze aqtualur Temebze. rubrikebi: `studentis TvaliT~, `studenturi wlebis gaxseneba~ (studiaSi mowveuli ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebisa), `gacnoba~ (Sexvedrebi Semoqmed studentebTan) da sxv. programaSi regularulad Suqdeboda im droisaTvis jer kidev tradiciuli studenturi dReebi, agreTve samecniero konferenciebi da a.S. 379 1998 wels `studenturis~ adgili samauwyeblo badeSi daikava gadacemam `1+1 anu qali da mamakaci~, romelic 1997 wels or kviraSi erTxel enacvleboda mas (avtori da wamyvani Jurnalisti nato robaqiZe). igi, rogorc anonsSi moixsenieboda, kentad mosiarule radiomsmenelebisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili — `maTTvis, vinc ipova, vinc eZebs, visac sjera ojaxuri bednierebisa~. gadacema ZiriTadad agebuli iyo studiaSi mowveul stumrebTan saubarze da radiomsmenelTa mier pirdapir eTerSi dasmul SekiTxvebsa Tu Txovnebze. masSi CarTuli iyo reportaJebi kafe-baridan, sadac saRamoobiT gadacemis mudmivi msmenelebi da wamyvani erTmaneTs xvdebodnen, mRerodnen, cekvavdnen, mxiarulobdnen. rubrikebi: `saojaxo fsiqologia~ (studiaSi fsiqologebi), `fsiqologiuri testi~, `ase uyvardaT winaT~, `uxerxuli kiTxvebis seria~, `faruli mikrofoni~, `poetebi siyvarulze~, `pirveli paemani~, `stumrad ojaxSi~ da sxv. 2002 wlidan gadacemas `ojaxi~ ewoda da 2004 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda. aqtualur sazogadoebriv-politikur sakiTxebs exeboda agreTve programa `dialogi Temaze~ (avtori nino kvaracxelia), romelic 1997-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 30 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. igi farTo aspeqtiT warudgenda msmenels qveyanaSi Seqmnil problemebs. aqtiurad ganixileboda afxazeTis problema, romelzec saubrobdnen studiaSi mowveuli axalgazrda politologebi da diplomatebi. garda amisa, programaSi saubari iyo qveyanaSi momravlebul seqtantur da sxva religiur mimdinareobaTa uaryofiT rolze, yvelaze mwvave Tanamedrove daavadebebze, romelic safrTxes uqmnis nebismieri asakis adamians, gansakuTrebiT ki — axalgazrda Taobas da sxv. amiT amoiwureba `wminda~ publicisturi programebi 19922004 wlebSi. yvela danarCeni axalgazrduli programa saganmanaTleblo, gasarTobi an Sereuli saxisa iyo, Tumca Seicavda publicistur elementebsac. 1992 wels kvlavindeburad mzaddeboda Sereuli saxis, publicistur-mxatvruli programa `SabaT diliT~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda eTerSi 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani mzia gogniaSvili). programis mTavari 380 Tema iyo kultura. igi Seicavda reportaJebs sagamofeno darbazebidan da Teatrebidan, interviuebs mwerlebTan, mecnierebTan, msaxiobebTan da a.S. rubrikaSi `SabaTis stumari~ iwvevdnen Semoqmed adamianebs, xolo `Cemi wyal-Walis xmebSi~ kiTxulobdnen qarTveli mwerlebis nawarmoebebs. amasTan, `SabaT diliT~ aqtiurad aSuqebda axalgazrdobis problemebs, studentebis cxovrebas. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi iyo siuJetebi sxvadasxva universitetidan. mzia gogniaSvilis meore yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani programa `pirispir~ (`tet-a-tet~), romelic 1991 wels Seiqmna da 1999 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda, publicistur-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo da garTobis elementebsac Seicavda. mogvianebiT misi Tematika gafarTovda. programaSi aisaxeboda saqarTvelos istoriis mniSvnelovani movlenebi, calkeuli regionebis warsuli da tradiciebi, qarTuli Teatris ganvlili gza da sxv. 1996 wlidan masSi politikuri Temebic gamoCnda. axalgazrda politikosebs maspinZlobda rubrika `faqtebis pirispir anu msoflio Tavdayira~, saxelmwifo struqturebSi momuSave axalgazrdebs — rubrika `axali nacnoboba~, qarTuli estradis warmomadgenlebs — rubrika `Sexvedrebi retrobarSi~ (paralelurad eTerSi JRerda maT mier Sesrulebuli musikaluri nomrebic) da a.S. aseve publicistur-saganmanaTleblo xasiaTisa iyo Jurnalist nino JRentis saavtoro programa `hopla, Cven vcocxlobT!~, romelic 1990-1999 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. cnobili qarTuli komediis saxelwodebis gameoreba, rogorc Cans, imdroindel umZimes pirobebSi auditoriis optimisturi ganwyobilebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. programa Tematurad ar iyo SezRuduli da sul sxvadasxva sakiTxebs moicavda, romelTa ganxilvaSi qarTuli inteligenciis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi monawileobdnen, sakmarisia davasaxeloT: akaki baqraZe (`Rirsebis grZnoba~), vaxtang beriZe (`saganZuri~), merab berZeniSvili (`duman Tu ara muzebi~), biZina kvernaZe (`gza~), mixeil TumaniSvili (`saqmeze Seyvarebuli kaci~), mixeil qvliviZe da guram saRaraZe (`me xom mas vicnob~), goderZi Coxeli (`sikvdili~), amiran SalikaSvili (`xelebi~), zurab kiknaZe da besik xaranauli (`sa381 qarTvelos istoria da qarTuli xasiaTi~), suliko JRenti da amiran WiWinaZe (`scenis gmirebi da avtorebi~), rusudan fetviaSvili (`mxatvari~), anzor erqomaiSvili da kukuri WoxoneliZe (`roca guli mReris~) da sxv. gadacemis xSiri stumrebi iyvnen fsiqologebi, romlebic saubrobdnen adamianis xasiaTis Taviseburebebze, grZnobebze, miswrafebebze; ganixileboda sxvadasxva profesiis dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi mxareebi da a.S. gadacema improvizaciuli xasiaTisa iyo da monawileTa mravalricxovnebis gamo iwereboda saqarTvelos radios yvelaze vrcel, erosi manjgalaZis saxelobis dramatul studiaSi (xmis reJisorebi — lavrenti WeliZe da romeo ter-grigoriani). faqtobrivad, es iyo ara programa, aramed toqSous tipis gadacema, romelsac uZRvebodnen avtori nino JRenti da Jurnalisti gia joxaZe. 2000 wlidan `hopla, Cven vcocxlobT!~ Tavis avtorTan erTad gadavida saqarTvelos radios audiofondis ganyofilebaSi da Secvlili saxiT warudga radiomsmenelebs. igi eyrdnoboda audiofondSi dacul dramaturgiul masalas da saSemsruleblo xelovnebis nimuSebs, agreTve literaturaTmcodneobiT Canawerebs sxvadasxva nawarmoebis Sesaxeb. 1992-2001 wlebSi kvlav grZeldeboda agreTve yovelkvireuli 1-saaTiani SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa (rogorc ewodeboda) `kamaras~ gadacema (wamyvanebi — ilia mxeiZe da lali daTukiSvili). 1993-1995 wlebSi `kamaram~ cvlileba ganicada da ufro mravalferovani gaxda. Seiqmna axali rubrikebi: `yvelaze... yvelaze... yvelaze...~ (kuriozebi, paradoqsebi, mxiaruli rekordebi), `informaciis skivri~ (rogor erTobian sazRvargareT), `mogzauroba kacobriobis istoriaSi~, `kamaras~ musikaluri klubi. 1996-2001 wlebSi `kamara~ 20 wuTamde Semcirda. gaCnda axali rubrikebi: `cxovreba mxiarulia~, `radioganzomileba~, daemata viqtorinebi, saxaliso informaciebi rubrikiT `kamara-niusi~, `hit-paradi~ da sxv. programis wamyvanad darCa lali daTukiSvili. 1993 wlis oqtombridan pirvelad gavida eTerSi erTsaaTiani sainformacio-musikaluri programa `dedaqalaqi~, romelic 1999 wlis bolomde gadaicemoda yovel kvira dRes, dilis saaTebSi (avtorebi da wamyvanebi — ilia mxeiZe da maia kra382 waSvili). arsebiTad igi sainformacio-musikaluri programa `Tbilisi da Tbiliselebis~ gagrZelebas warmoadgenda, oRond Tbilisis socialur-ekonomikuri problemebis gverdiT yvelaze farTod mainc kulturis sferos aSuqebda. TiTqmis yvela gamoSvebaSi mowveuli iyvnen xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis warmomadgenlebi (magaliTad, mwerali mixeil anTaZe, kompozitori vaJa azaraSvili, msaxiobi medea Caxava da a.S.). programis mudmivi rubrika iyo `gulSematkivarTa klubi~, romelic msmenelebs sportis siaxleebs acnobda. 2000 wlidan `dedaqalaqs~ retroarxi `reproduqtori~ ewoda. Zvel droSi, roca ara mxolod batareebze momuSave, aramed eleqtroqselSi CasarTavi radiomimRebebic didi iSviaToba iyo da mTeli saqarTvelo sadenebiani mauwyeblobis qseliT iyo dafaruli, TiTqmis yovel ojaxs hqonda reproduqtori anu iaffasiani aparati, romelic radioprogramas satranslacio xazebiT (mavTuliT) iRebda da awvdida msmenels (radioprogramis `reproduqcias~ eweoda). radiogadacemis aseTi saxelwodeba da `retroarxad~ gamocxadeba aSkarad mianiSnebda, rom `dedaqalaqma~ mimarTuleba Seicvala da sxva tipis programad gardaiqmna. igi axla warsulis mogonebebze iyo agebuli, adrindeli wlebis cxovrebas acocxlebda (qalaquri iumori, Jurnal `saunjis~ istoria, alpinizmi saqarTveloSi, niko kecxovelis droindeli studentoba, mozard mayurebelTa Teatri, Tbilisis cnobili Tamadebi da a.S.) zogierTi gamoSveba mTlianad romelime cnobili pirovnebis gaxsenebas eZRvneboda (magaliTad, nodar axalkacis, Temur CirgaZis, ipolite xviCias, zurab kakabaZis). studiaSi mowveuli stumrebi igonebdnen Zvel ambebs da pasuxobdnen satelefono zarebs. uxvad iyo gamoyenebuli saarqivo Canawerebi saqarTvelos radios audiofondidan. `reproduqtori~ ar eweoda warsulis idealizacias — gardasul dReTa gaxsenebiT is aCvenebda im maradiul Rirebulebebs, romelTa aTviseba Tanamedrove axalgazrdobisTvisac aucilebeli iyo. `reproduqtoris~ msgavsad, sxva redaqciebis programebis (`mxolod qalebisaTvis~ da `programa qalebisaTvis~) Temas ganagrZobda gadacema `qali interierSi~, romelic 2000-2002 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevari saaTis xan383 grZlivobiT (uZRveboda Jurnalisti qeTevan TvalWreliZe). igi ZiriTadad erT calkeul pirovnebas eZRvneboda. studiaSi mowveuli qalbatoni, Cveulebrivad, cnobili Semoqmedi an sazogado moRvawe, saubrobda Tavis cxovrebasa da saqmianobaze, ixsenebda seriozul Tu sasacilo SemTxvevebs profesiuli cxovrebidan, aRniSnavda Tavisi xasiaTis Taviseburebebs, pasuxobda msmenelTa SekiTxvebs da a.S. SesamCnevia isic, rom axalgazrduli gadacemebis Tema xSirad xdeba ubralo adamianuri problemebi da adamianuri urTierTobani, romelTa ganxilvaSi sul ufro xSirad monawileoben fsiqologebi. erT-erTi aseTi gadacema iyo programa `yovelgvar amindSi~, romelic 2000-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 40 wuTis xangrZlivobiT (avtori da wamyvani mzia gogniaSvili). igi ZiriTadad warmoadgenda sazogado moRvaweebis, mwerlebis, mxatvrebis, msaxiobebis, musikosebisa da, rac mTavaria, fsiqologebis saubars adamianuri urTierTobis amindze. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, axalgazrduli gadacemebis mTavari redaqciis bazaze 2000 wels Seiqmna SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programebis mTavari redaqcia. es imasac niSnavda, rom meti yuradReba daeTmoboda radiomauwyeblobis iseT masobriv gasarTob formebs, rogoricaa iumoristuli programebi, sxvadasxva saxis viqtorinebi da konkursebi. am periodSi marTlac iyo eTerSi aRniSnuli xasiaTis ramdenime gadacema. 2000-2001 wlebSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda naxevarsaaTiani programa `muxruWebis gareSe~ (avtori da wamyvani Tamar oqruaSvili). rogorc gadacemis qudi iuwyeboda, `muxruWebis gareSe~ iyo maTze, `vinc riskavs, Sinaganad Tavisufalia da cotaTi ucnauri~. Janrobrivi TvalsazrisiT igi ZiriTadad intervius warmoadgenda. studiaSi mowveuli iyo ramdenime respondenti, romlebsac wamyvani cal-calke esaubreboda. programis Sinaarss Seadgenda cnobili Jurnalistebis, msaxiobebis, momRerlebis monaTxrobi kuriozebi da sasacilo ambebi (magaliTad, iseTi pirovnebebisa, rogoric arian mwerali rezo WeiSvili, momRerlebi — eTer kakulia da Temur wiklauri, reJisori da klipmeikeri giorgi wulaia, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Tbilisis specrazmis ufrosi Temur mRebriSvili da sxv.). 384 2001 wlis seqtembridan `muxruWebis gareSe~ Sewyda da Tamar oqruaSvilma mzia gogniaSvilTan erTad daiwyo axali iumoristuli programis `Jangbadis baliSis~ momzadeba, romelic 2002 wlis bolomde yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 45 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. studiaSi xSirad iwvevdnen mxiarulTa da sazrianTa konkursis monawile gundebs, romlebic msmenels warudgendnen TavianT programas. aseve, eTerSi gadaicemoda anekdotebi da iumoristuli xasiaTis informaciebi. mzaddeboda siuJetebi iseT Temebze, rogoricaa: `ulvaSi~, `Rvino~, `kuTxuri iumori~ da sxv. studiaSi mowveuli iyvnen mwerlebi, reJisorebi, msaxiobebi, mecnierebi da a.S. (magaliTad, mwerlebi — mixeil qvliviZe da gizo niSnianiZe, Jurnalisti zaza qinqlaZe, profesori mixeil qurdiani, reJisori rezo esaZe, msaxiobebi — gogi gelovani da nanuli sarajiSvili, Soumeni giorgi gogiCaiSvili da sxv.). Tamar oqruaSvilisa da mzia gogniaSvilis avtorobiT mzaddeboda agreTve gasarTobi programa `Ramis labirinTi~ (maTTvis, visac ar eZineba), romelic 2003 welsa da 2004 wlis pirvel naxevarSi yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda Ramis pirdapir eTerSi 1 saaTis xangrZlivobiT. rac Seexeba viqtorinebs, am mxriv gamorCeuli iyo SemecnebiT-gasarTobi programa `SuadRemde~, romelic 2002 wels, kviradRis garda, yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda 45-50 wuTis moculobiT da moicavda viqtorinebs sxvadasxva Temaze (zogjer ase cxaddeboda kidec — `programa `SuadRemde~ viqtoriniT~). programis xelmZRvaneli da erT-erTi viqtorinis wamyvani iyo lali daTukiSvili. sxva viqtorinebsac hyavdaT Tavisi wamyvanebi, romlebic kiTxvebs Soris msmenelebs awvdidnen sxvadasxva saintereso da saxaliso informacias, asmeninebdnen musikalur nawarmoebebs da a.S. orSabaTobiT `SuadRemde~ mxolod musikalur programas moicavda, samSabaTs eTerSi iyo viqtorina `dilis gamamxnevebeli varjiSi anu TavSesaqcevi~ (wamyvani lali daTukiSvili), oTxSabaTs — `horizontidan zenitamde~ (qarTuli enis siwmindeze — gia joxaZe), xuTSabaTs — `ekosamorine~ (barbare benaSvili), paraskevs — `rubikoni~ (lili WaniSvili), SabaTs — `musikaluri viqtorina~ (gulnara odiSaria). 385 2002-2004 wlebSi eTerSi iyo gasarTobi programa `yviTeli radio~, romelic yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda SabaTs, mogvianebiT ki SabaT-kviras 45-50 wuTis moculobiT (avtorebi da wamyvanebi — irine moseSvili da qeTevan TvalWreliZe). igi imiT gamoirCeoda yvela sxva axalgazrduli programisagan, rom yviTeli Jurnalistikis (gansakuTrebiT ki dedaqalaqSi momravlebuli komerciuli radiosadgurebis) parodias warmoadgenda, parodiuli formiT awvdida auditorias sxvadasxva informacias, esaubreboda aqtualur cxovrebiseul sakiTxebze. rubrikebi: `mamaCemis yviTeli ubis wignakidan~ (`radio-101~-is anu `mamaCemis radios~ gaSarJeba), `yviTeli afiSa~, `yviTeli kalendari~ (im dRis sasacilo da sensaciuri ambebi warsulSi), `yviTeli interviu~ (respondentis savaldebulo simReriT), `pres-relizi~ (yviTeli presis mimoxilva — saTaurebi pikanturi werilebisa, romlebzec awyobilia am tipis Jurnal-gazeTebi) da a.S. mxatvruli (arsebiTad, musikaluri) gadacemebi axalgazrdul (Tu SemecnebiT-gasarTob) mauwyeblobaSi 1992-2004 wlebSi damoukidebeli saxiT ar mzaddeboda da sxvadasxva programebSi gafantul musikalur nomrebs moicavda. wamyvani adgili eWira mas mxolod toqSouSi `studia `a~, romelic eTerSi gavida 2000 wlis seqtemberSi (nino kvaracxelias proeqtma gaimarjva 2000 wlis zafxulSi saqarTvelos radioSi gamarTul tenderSi). es iyo musikaluri formatis radiosadgurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipuri gadacema, sadac profesionali dijei radiomsmenelebs sTavazobda garkveuli mimarTulebis (ZiriTadad modur) musikas da pasuxobda maT satelefono zarebs. mis gasaZRolad saqarTvelos radioSi moiwvies dijei mamuka berika. Semdeg redaqcia `msubuq Temebze~ dijeis mokle saubriT aRar dakmayofilda da 2001 wels damatebiT moiwvies Jurnalisti gia joxaZe. gadacemas daemata reportaJebi, interviu studiaSi mowveul stumrebTan, saintereso gasaubreba radiomsmenelebTan pirdapir eTerSi. am periodSi igi yovelkvireulad samjer gadioda eTerSi — orjer saRamoTi 85 wuTi (sadac musikas Tan axlda radiomsmenelebTan saubari) da erTxel naSuadRevs naxevari saaTi, romelic ZiriTadad musikalur miqss warmoadgenda, dijeis mokle teqsti ki 386 `msubuq~ da saxaliso Temebs exeboda. 2003 wlidan `studia `a~ kviraSi samjer gadaicemoda saRamos saaTebSi (22.30 an 23.00) 85 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. misi yoveli gamoSveba erT konkretul Temas eZRvneboda da nawilobriv saganmanaTleblo xasiaTic hqonda. 2004 wlidan man garkveuli saxecvlileba ganicada da ewoda `xuTi meoTxedi~, gadaicemoda kviraSi samjer TiTo saaTis moculobiT, rigrigobiT uZRvebodnen: mamuka berika, irine moseSvili da jimi iaSvili. 2004 wlis meore naxevridan, roca saqarTvelos radios bade sainformacio-musikaluri radiosadguris principebiT aigo, `xuTi meoTxedi~ yovelkvireulad gadaicemoda 22 saaTsa da 30 wuTze 85 wuTis xangrZlivobiT. samagierod, radikalurad Semcirda sxva gadacemebis ricxvi — zemoT ganxiluli programebidan saqarTvelos radios mxolod `ojaxi~, `yviTeli radio~ da `reproduqtori~ SemorCa. *** saqarTvelos radios saxecvlileba, ra Tqma unda, SemTxveviTi ar yofila. axal saukuneSi igi aRar SeiZleboda yofiliyo iseTi, rogoric Tavisi arsebobis `klasikur xanaSi~, an Tundac wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi. mravalarxiani televiziis, saTanamgzavro da sakabelo telemauwyeblobis, internetisa da multimediis ganviTarebam Seaviwrova misi funqciebi da ufro mokrZalebuli adgili miuCina informaciis erTian sistemaSi. 2004 wlis dekembridan saqarTvelos saxelmwifo radio-televizias oficialurad mieniWa sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis statusi. amiT damTavrda saqarTvelos radios, rogorc saxelmwifo radiomauwyeblobis, TiTqmis oTxmocwliani istoriac. es istoria udidesi movlenebiT iyo aRsavse. saqarTvelos radiom gamoiara axali, komunisturi ideologiis damkvidrebisa da politikuri represiebis periodebi, msoflio omi, mravalnairi sazogadoebrivi reformebi, saxelmwifo gadatrialebebi, gamoicvala sami xelisufleba. yvelaferi es, ra Tqma unda, Tavis gamoxatulebas poulobda eTerSi, aisaxeboda radios yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi. arqivebSi dacu387 li radiogadacemaTa teqstebi Tu sxva dokumentebi, audiofondSi Senaxuli Canawerebi udides masalas iZleva rogorc sakuTriv radios, ise mTlianad epoqis istoriazec, warmoaCens ara marto qarTuli radioJurnalistikis ganviTarebis etapebs, aramed qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebsa da procesebsac. swored Jurnalistikis amgvari ganuyofeli kavSiri qveynis cxovrebasTan gansazRvravs saqarTvelos radios istoriis Seswavlis mniSvnelobasac da gvexmareba im warsulis gaazrebaSi, romlis pirdapiri memkvidre Cveni dRevandelobaa. 388 avtorebisagan es wigni saqarTvelos radios istoriis gadmocemis pirveli cdaa da albaT ar aris xarvezebisagan dazRveuli. iqneb calkeuli sakiTxebi ufro vrclad unda ganxiluliyo, anda zogierTi momenti saerTod araa gaTvaliswinebuli. magram SeuZlebeli iyo erT naSromSi srulad asaxuliyo yovelive is, rac rva aTeuli wlis manZilze yoveldRiurad gadaicemoda eTerSi adre dilidan gvian Ramemde. aseve, SeuZlebeli iyo wignSi yvela im adamianis dasaxelebac, vinc am drois ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos radioSi muSaobda (miT umetes, rom 1961 wels gaCenili xanZris Sedegad radio-televiziis arqivis mniSvnelovani nawili ganadgurda da bevri dokumenti sabolood gaqra). wignSi mxolod mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia asaxuli da is xalxia warmodgenili, vinc sxvadasxva periodSi gansazRvravda qarTuli radioJurnalistikis ganviTarebas, mis profesiul xarisxs. maT ricxvSi JurnalistebTan, reJisorebTan, diqtorebTan erTad igulisxmebian radios teqnikuri muSakebic — teleradiocentris TanamSromlebi. SeiZleba kamaTi gamoiwvios iman, rom wignSi empiriuli masala sWarbobs Sefasebasa da analizs. avtorebis azriT, istoriul naSromSi (gansakuTrebiT mediis Sesaxeb) asec unda iyos, igi uwinaresad faqtografiulad unda iyos Rirebuli — zust informacias iZleodes mimdinare movlenebis, radiociklebisa da rubrikebis, maTi avtorebisa da monawileebis Sesaxeb. mkiTxvelma pirvel rigSi is unda gaigos, ra gadacemebi mzaddeboda saqarTvelos radioSi, ra formebi viTardeboda, ra funqciebi iyo win wamoweuli. es aucilebelia Tundac imitom, rom bevri ram, rac dRes TiTqos pirvelad xdeba, didi xnis win ukve iyo da axla sxvanairad gaazrebas moiTxovs. avtorebi cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleba meti faqti, meti gadacema Tu rubrika, meti avtori moxvedriliyo wignis furclebze, Tumca 389 Sefasebasa da analizsac aqvs daTmobili saTanado adgili, dro ki sabolood yvelafers Tavis adgils miuCens. aseve, saqarTvelos radio kvlav elis momaval mkvlevrebs, momavali wignebis avtorebs. winamdebare naSromi mxolod pirveli nabijia saqarTvelos radios istoriis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT. sxvadasxva arqivebsa da fondebSi jer kidev bevri masalaa mosaZebni, jer kidev bevri sakiTxia gasarkvevi da gasaanalizebeli (sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, guldasmiTaa Sesaswavli TviTon yofili teleradiokomitetis arqivi, romelic jer sistematizebulic ki ar aris). avtorebi madlierebiT miiReben yvela saqmian SeniSvnasa Tu winadadebas, miT umetes, aqamde ucnob informacias. es gaamdidrebs Cvens codnas da saSualebas mogvcems ufro srulad iqnes warmodgenili saqarTvelos radios istoriis yvela mniSvnelovani momenti. 390 saqarTvelos radio — wlebi da movlenebi 1924 — moewyo pirveli radiotranslacia Tbilisis operisa da baletis saxelmwifo Teatridan eleqtromeqanikuri qarxnis muSaTa klubSi. 1925 — moewyo pirveli sacdeli radiosatelefono gadacema navTluRis radiosadguridan. 1927 — saqarTvelos radiom daiwyo regularuli mauwyebloba. — gazeTebma `komunistma~ da `zaria vostokam~ daiwyes saqarTvelos radios programebis gamoqveyneba. 1928 — a/k fosta-telegrafi komisariatTan Seiqmna amierkavkasiis radios centraluri sabWo. — saqarTvelos fosta-telegrafis komisariatSi Seiqmna radiosammarTvelo, romelsac 1931 wlidan ewoda am komisariatTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobis komiteti. — Seiqmna pirveli radiogazeTi. — Seiqmna pirveli sabavSvo da axalgazrduli gadacemebi. 1932 — a/k centraluri aRmasrulebeli komitetis prezidiumTan dafuZnda amierkavkasiis radiomauwyeblobisa da radiofikaciis komiteti. — gauqmda radiogazeTebi da daiwyo `ukanaskneli cnobebis~ gamoSveba. 1933 — Seiqmna saqarTvelos ssr saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemaTa komiteti. 1934 — daiwyo diqtorebis institutis Camoyalibeba. 1935 — gauqmda a/k radiomauwyeblobisa da radiofikaciis komiteti da Seiqmna a/k federaciis saxkomsabWosTan arsebuli radiofikaciisa da radiomauwyeblobis rwmunebulTa sammarTvelo, romelmac 1936 wlis meore naxevramde iarseba. — aRmocenda qarTuli radiopresa (`radiogazeTi~, `radioprogramebi~, `radiofronti~). 1936 — pirvelad daiwyo xmis Cawera `Sorinofonis~ gamoyenebiT. 391 1945 — gadaica pirveli safexburTo reportaJi `dinamos~ stadionidan. 1946 — daiwyo xmis magnituri Cawera, ramac safuZveli daudo saqarTvelos radios audiofondis Seqmnas da qarTuli radioTeatris intensiur ganviTarebas. 1949 — radiofikaciisa da radiogadacemaTa komitets ewoda saq. ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis komiteti. 1953 — radioinformaciis komiteti gadavida kulturis saministros daqvemdebarebaSi da ewoda saq. ssr kulturis saministrosTan arsebuli radioinformaciis mTavari sammarTvelo. 1956 — daarsda saqarTvelos radios II programa. 1957 — radio-televizia gamovida kulturis saministros daqvemdebarebidan da Seiqmna saq. ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radiomauwyeblobisa da televiziis saxelmwifo komiteti. — daarsda komitetis mcireformatiani gazeTi-programa `laparakobs Tbilisi~ (SemdgomSi `laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi~, `eTerSia saqarTvelo~, `2X2~). 1960 — Seiqmna `mxatvrul-musikaluri programa~ ultramokle talRebze. 1963 — ganviTareba daiwyo saqarTvelos sagareo radiomauwyeblobam — calke Camoyalibda ucxoeTze mauwyeblobis redaqcia. 1970 — saq. ssr ministrTa sabWosTan arsebuli radio-televiziis komiteti gardaiqmna saq. ssr ministrTa sabWos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komitetad. 1975 — eTerSi gavida damoukidebeli sterefonuri programa ultramokle talRebze. 1978 — radio-televizia gaformda damoukidebel uwyebad — ewoda saq. ssr televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komiteti (saxteleradio). 1979 — I arxze daiwyo sainformacio-musikaluri programebis Camoyalibeba. 1990 — saq. ssr televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis saxelmwifo komiteti gardaiqmna saqarTvelos respublikis teleradiodepartamentad. 392 1993 — teleradiodepartamenti gardaiqmna saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis korporaciad. 1995 — saqarTvelos radios II programis nacvlad Seiqmna `radio-2 — qarTuli radio~. — saqarTvelos radios I da II arxebze CaerTo `amerikis xmisa~ da `Tavisuflebis~ yoveldRiuri qarTulenovani programebi. 1999 — saqarTvelos televiziisa da radiomauwyeblobis korporacias ewoda sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri (ssip) saqarTvelos televizia da radiomauwyebloba. 2000 — radioSi televiziasTan erTad pirvelad Catarda tenderi, romelic safuZvlad daedo mauwyeblobis axal bades da Sesabamisad saStato struqturas. 2004 — sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri saqarTvelos televizia da radiomauwyebloba gaxda sazogadoebrivi mauwyebeli. 393 bibliografia 1. e. TadumaZe. narkvevebi radios istoriidan. Tb., 1955. 2. e. iberi. radioJurnalistika. Tb., 2003. 3. e. iberi. qarTuli radiopresis saTaveebTan. `saistorio moambe~, 69-70, 1997. 4. T. mJavanaZe. radios diqtori — warsuli da dRevandeloba. `teleradioJurnalistikis sakiTxebi~, VI, 2003. 5. T. mJavanaZe. laparakobs da uCvenebs Tbilisi! `teleradio-Jurnalistikis sakiTxebi~, VII, 2005. 6. g. niSnianiZe. brZola eTerSi (saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba didi samamulo omis wlebSi). `Jurnalistikis sakiTxebi~, 7-8, 1981. 7. p. SamaTava. eTerSi da cisfer ekranebze. Tb., 1979. 8. d. xmiadaSvili. radioteqnikis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1961. 9. М. Глейзер. Радио и телевидение в СССР. М., 1989. 10. Гуревич П., Ружников В. Советское радиовещание. Страницы истории. М., 1976 . 11. История советской радиожурналистики. Документы, тексты, воспоминания. М., 1991. 394 Sinaarsi Sesavali (e. iberi) ......................................................................... 5 Tavi I. radiomauwyeblobis aRmoceneba da Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi (1925-1940) (n. talaxaZe) ..................... 11 Tavi II. saqarTvelos radio meore msoflio omisa da omisSemdgom wlebSi (1941-1956) (n. talaxaZe) ......... 66 Tavi III. saqarTvelos radios mmarTvelobiTi funqciebis gafarToeba da mauwyeblobis struqturis ganviTareba (1957-1984) (T. mJavanaZe) ........................ 132 1. saqarTvelos radio saxelmwifo marTvis struqturaSi .................................................................... 132 2. mauwyeblobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani .............. 152 Tavi IV. saqarTvelos radio demokratiuli gardaqmnebisa da erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobis periodSi (1985-1991) (T. mJavanaZe) ............................. 243 Tavi V. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos radiomauwyebloba (1992-2004) (e. iberi) ........................................................ 280 1. saerTo mimoxilva ....................................................... 2. informaciul-publicisturi mauwyebloba ....... 3. mxatvruli mauwyebloba ........................................... 4. saganmanaTleblo mauwyebloba ............................... 5. sabavSvo da axalgazrduli mauwyebloba ............. 280 308 332 357 367 avtorebisagan ............................................................................... 389 saqarTvelos radio — wlebi da movlenebi ........................... 391 bibliografia ................................................................................ 394 395 wigni aawyves ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis poligrafiul laboratoriis TanamSromlebma valida meqvabiSvilma da Tamar pirvelaSvilma. gamomcemlobis redaqtori garekanis dizaini kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa cira jiSkariani TinaTin CirinaSvili nino vaCeiSvili 0128, Tbilisi, i. WavWavaZis gamziri 14 0128, Tbilisi, 14, I. Chavchavadze Av. www.press.tsu.ge (25-14-32)