lubocino-1 exploration well

“Science for Industry: Necessity is the mother of invention”
Third Networking Event dedicated to the Polish experience
in the field of shale gas exploration
Activities of PGNiG in exploration of
unconventional hydrocarbon resources
in Poland
Michał Makos
Main criterions for development of unconventional HC accumulation:
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High content of TOC (total organic carbon)
Significant thickness of TOC-rich rock
Proper thermal maturity for oil/gas generation
Type of organic matter (kerogen) adequate to thermal maturity
Fast burial of the source rock – high subsidence in the basin
Insignificant post-burial tectonic activity
Main criterions for exploration of unconventional HC accumulation:
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Depth of pay zone location – generally not deeper than 4500 metres
Low level of tectonic deformation – horizontal or nearly horizontal bedding
Proper pressure in the basin – overpressure is the best
Proper porosity and permeability of the reservoir rock
Proper brittleness of the reservoir rock
Conventional reservoirs or at least HC shows confirmed in the basin
Classification schemes for unconventional resource systems
Shale gas
Shale oil
Jarvie (2012)
PGNiG’s concessions for shale gas exploration
Wejherowo
Kartuzy-Szemud
Górowo Iławeckie
Stara Kiszewa
Blok 172
Blok 192
Blok 173
Blok 193
Kock-Tarkawica
Wiszniów-Tarnoszyn
Granice
PGNiG’skoncesji
concessions
Gaz
Gas
Ropa
Oil
!!
Otwory planowane w roku 2013
Tomaszów Lubelski
Wells drilled on PGNiG’s concessions
Pomerania Region
Wejherowo
concession:
Kartuzy-Szemud
concession:
Stara Kiszewa
concession:
Górowo Iławeckie
concession:
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 Borcz-1 (07.2013)
 Miłowo-1 (05.2014)
 Wysin-1 (03.2013)
 No wells
 Research in progress
Lubocino-1 (02.2011)
Lubocino-2H (11.2012)
Opalino-2 (12.2012)
Kochanowo-1 (07.2013)
Lubocino-3H (12.2013)
Opalino-3 (01.2014)
Opalino-4 (04.2014)
Tępcz-1 (06.2014)
Lublin Region
Kock-Tarkawica
concession:
Wiszniów-Tarnoszyn
concession:
Tomaszów Lubelski
concession:
 Wojcieszków-1 (12.2013)
 Kościaszyn-1 (10.2013)
 Lubycza Królewska-1 (08.2012)
Central Poland
Block 172
Block 173
Block 192
Block 193
 No wells
 Research in progress
Wejherowo concession (No 4/2009/p)
Validity 21.05.2012 - 30.04.2021
Exploration works carried out
Well
Opalino-SH1
Lubocino-4H
Opalino-7W
Lubocino-1
Lubocino-2H
Lubocino-3H
Opalino-2
Opalino-3
Kochanowo-1
Opalino-4
Tępcz-1
3 050
3 980
3 572
3 050
3 070
3 275
3 100
3 380
Seismic
2D [kmb]
3D [km2]
Opalino - Lubocino 2D
Lubocino 3D
181,1
34/34
Opalino 3D
30/70
Exploration works in progress
Opalino-6W
Lubocino 3D
Depth [m]
Kochanowo-TępczCząstkowo 3D
Opalino - Lubocino 2D
Planned exploration works
Kachanowo - Tępcz - Cząstkowo 3D
Kochanowo-2H
Lubocino-4H
Opalino-6W
Opalino-7W
Opalino-SH1
Kochanowo-2H
Cząstkowo-1
Tępcz-1
Cząstkowo-1
Wells and seismic carried out
Wells and seismic in progress
Planned wells and seismic
4 300
3 100
3 100
4 300
4 500
3 400
30/70
LUBOCINO PAD
LUBOCINO-1 EXPLORATION WELL
Deep seismic line T0064307
KOŚCIERZYNA-GDAŃSK 2D (Geofizyka Toruń, 2008)
Depth Map of the Top of Cm2
OPALINO-LUBOCINO 2D (Geofizyka Toruń, 2011)
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3051 m, after penetrating a 70 m thick section
Middle Cambrian deposits.
The chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic section of the lower palaeozoic
section in the lubocino-1 well
(Z. Mikołajewski, 2013)
Geochemical logs of the parameters resulting from laboratory measurements
The degree of organic matter transformation
Thermal maturity (Tmax) and hydrogen index (HI) plot
by Silurian and Ordovician formations
Mineralogy
QUARTZ, ARGILLACEOUS MINERALS AND CARBONATE CONTENT
IN INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND FORMATIONS
Kwarc
0
formacja ze Słuchowa
formacja z Kopalina
formacja z Sasina
formacja z Prabut
100
25
25
100
25
50
ORDOVICIAN
75
75
50
50
75
0
Minerały Ilaste
25
75
50
ogniwo z Jantaru
formacja z Pasłęka
formacja z Pelplina
formacja z Kociewia
ogniwo z Redy
formacja z Pucka
Kwarc
0 100
50
75
100
0
0
100
Minerały
Ilaste
Węglany
25
25
50
SILURIAN
75
0
100
Węglany
2800
2200
2820
2300
2840
2400
Ludlow
2860
PASŁĘK
2880
2900
JANTAR
PRABUTY
Głębokość [m]
Głębokość [m]
2500
2600
2700
2920
Wenlok
SASINO
2800
2940
Landower
2900
Ordowik
2960
0
5 10 15 2,4
Porowatość
całkowita [%]
2,7
3,0 0
Gęstość
3
materiałowa [g/cm ]
5
TOC (%)
0
1
2
Gaz
3
całkowity [m /t]
Depth distribution of total porosity, material density, total organic
carbon and total gas contents in individual members and
formations (from desorption) in interval of 2800 – 2970 m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Przepuszczalność szczelinowa [mD]
Depth distribution of fractured permeability
in interval of 2200 - 2969 m
7
CORE DESORPTION –
TOTAL, LOST AND RESIDUAL GAS CONTENT
Hydraulic fracturing
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First Silurian interval was fracked through 13 m
Perforation 2894-2907m MD,
Perforation 16 shots/m, phasing 600
Treatment fluid: CMHPG 20#, 1200m3
Proppant: sand 100 mesh and proppant Bauxite 30/50
Average volumes of hydrocarbons and post frac fluids
during tests:
 285m3/24h gas
 0,3m3/24h oil
 0,22m3/24h water
Gas:
 associated with oil
 methane content increases with depth
 molecular composition associated with increasing maturity
 nitrogen does not exceed 15%, carbon dioxide concentration reaches 10%
 high energy content resulting from enrichment with heavy HC
Oil:
 oil from the Lubocino-1 well originates from oil-generating, low-sulphur type II kerogen
 it is light oil (0.803 g/cm3 i.e. 44.4 °API) and has low sulphur content (<0.3%).
 oil was not exposed to any secondary processes such as vaporisation of lighter
hydrocarbon fractions, water washing, biodegradation.
 maturity of the oil is high and corresponds to the final stage of the oil window
 geochemical properties of the oil from Lubocino-1 well are similar to those found in
the fields of: Dębki, Białogóra and Żarnowiec
LUBOCINO-2H EXPLORATION WELL
Depth Map of the Top of Ordovician Orstr
OPALINO-LUBOCINO 2D (Geofizyka Toruń, 2011)
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3981 MD, tj. 2924,29 m TVD
in Sasino formation.
Results of fracturing in the Lubocino 2H well (microseismic measurements) Pinnacle,
Halliburton)
 Perforation by jet on CT of the interval
3543-3545 MD,
 1. attempt max Q = 376 l/min, max p =
433 bar,
 2. attempt max Q = 580 l / min, pav=
450 bar
 15 shots were jetted on 2 m interval
 High viscosity pills were pumped after
jetting each of the three holes
 Fluid treatment – water and friction
reducer
Average volumes of hydrocarbons and post
frac fluids during tests:
 500m3/24h gas
 3.5m3/24h oil+water (30% oil)
19
OPALINO-2 WELL
OPALINO-2 EXPLORATION WELL
OPALINO-2
OPALINO-2
The location of the OPALINO-2 well against the
“Preliminary Depth Map of the Cm2 Top , OpalinoLubocino 2D”, Geofizyka Toruń, 2011”
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3050 m, after penetrating a 100 m thick section
Middle Cambrian deposits.
CORE PICTURES FROM
THE TOP PART OF MIDDLE
CAMBRIAN SECTION
TIGHT SANDSTONES
Interval 2947-2978m
Porosity – 3.5%
Permeability – 0.3mD
Gas inflow with liquid HC
(50 ml of gasoline)
Interval 2983-3050m
Porosity – 6.5%
Permeability – 0.45mD
Gas inflow with liquid HC
4-16 m3/min.
KOCHANOWO-1 WELL
KOCHANOWO-1 EXPLORATION WELL
KOCHANOWO-1
KOCHANOWO-1
TĘPCZ-1
CZĘSTKOWO-1
Location of the Kochanowo-1 well against
the depth map of the Cm2 Top
(KOŚCIERZYNA – GDAŃSK 2D, Geofizyka
Toruń, 2008)
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3275m, after penetrating a 27 m thick section
Middle Cambrian deposits.
The chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic section of the Lower Palaeozoic
section in the Kochanowo-1 well
(Z. Mikołajewski, 2013)
dry gas
wet gas
immature
oil
Geochemical logs of the parameters resulting from laboratory measurements
Mineralogy
QUARTZ, ARGILLACEOUS MINERALS AND CARBONATE CONTENT
IN INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS AND FORMATIONS
Kwarc
0 100
25
Kwarc
0
100
formacja z Kociewia
formacja z Pelplina
formacja z Pasłęka
ogniwo z Jantaru
75
50
50
SILURIAN
75
formacja z Prabut
formacja z Sasina
formacja z Kopalina
0
100
Węglany
50
75
25
100
75
50
50
75
25
0
Minerały Ilaste
25
25
100
0
Minerały Ilaste
25
50
75
ORDOVICIAN
0
100
Węglany
2980
1
3000
3020
3040
Głębokość [m]
3060
3080
2
3100
3120
3140
3160
3
3180
3200
4
3220
6
3240
7
0
10
20
Porowatość
całkowita
[%]
0
1
Gaz
całkowity
3
[m /t]
2
0
40
80
Nasycenie
wodą
[%]
0
10
Nasycenie
bituminami
[%]
Depth distribution of total porosity, material density, total organic carbon and total gas contents in
individual members and formations (from desorption)
0
40
80
Nasycenie
gazem
[%]
5
Kartuzy – Szemud Concession (No 72/2009/p)
Validity 10.12.2012 - 10.12.2014
Exploration works carried out
Well
Depth [m]
Borcz-1
Hopowo - Borcz 3D
Miłowo-1
Borcz-2H
Seismic
3 759
Somonino - Przywidz 2D
Exploration works in progress
3 800
2D [kmb]
3D [km2]
281,95
Planned exploration works
Hopowo-1
Miłowo-1
Borcz-2H
4 300
Hopowo-1
3 800
Somonino - Przywidz 2D
Miłowo 3D
Wells and seismic carried out
Planned wells and seismic
Hopowo - Borcz 3D
Miłowo 3D
65,4/150
16/40
BORCZ-1 WELL
BORCZ-1 EXPLORATION WELL
Location of the Borcz-1 well against the depth map of
the Cm2 Top (KOŚCIERZYNA - GDAŃSK 2D , Geofizyka
Toruń, 2008 )
GŁĘBOKOŚCIOWY PRZEKRÓJ SEJSMICZNY T0164307
2D KOŚCIERZYNA-GDAŃSK (Geofizyka Toruń, 2008
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3759m, after penetrating a 32.5 m thick section
Middle Cambrian deposits.
The chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic section of the lower Paleozoic
section in the Borcz-1 well
(Z. Mikołajewski, 2013)
dry gas
oil
immature
wet gas
Geochemical logs of the parameters resulting from laboratory measurements
Depth distribution of total porosity
Depth distribution of fractured permeability
Stara Kiszewa Concession No 1/2011/p
Validity 11.01.2011 - 11.01.2017
Exploration works carried out
Well
Depth [m]
seismic
2D [kmb]
3D [km2]
4 040
Somonino - Przywidz 2D
281,95
Wysin-1
Exploration works in progress
Będomin-1
Wysin-3D
Wysin 3d
16/76
Planned exploration works
Będomin-1
Więckowy-1
Będomin-3D
3 750
Będomin 3D
Wysin-2H
Więckowy-1
Wysin-2H
Somonino - Przywidz 2D
Wells and seismic carried out
Wells and seismic in progress
Planned wells and seismic
4 020
5 000
16/40
WYSIN-1 WELL
WYSIN-1 EXPLORATION WELL
GŁĘBOKOŚCIOWY PRZEKRÓJ SEJSMICZNY
K0100903
KOŚCIERZYNA-GDAŃSK 2D
(Geofizyka Toruń, 2008)
WYSIN-1
Location of the Wysin-1 well against the depth map of the Cm2
Top (KOŚCIERZYNA - GDAŃSK 2D , Geofizyka Toruń, 2008 )
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 4040 m, after penetrating a 54.5 m thick section
Middle Cambrian deposits.
The chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic section of the lower palaeozoic
section in the Wysin-1 well
(Z. Mikołajewski, 2013)
dry gas
wet gas
immature
oil
Geochemical logs of the parameters resulting from laboratory measurements
3650
3700
1
Głębokość (m)
3750
3800
2
3850
3900
3
4
3950
6
9
4000
0
7
14
Porowatość
całkowita [%]
0
1
2
Gaz
3
całkowity [m /t]
0
50
Nasycenie
wodą [%]
100 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5
Nasycenie
bituminami [%]
Depth distribution of total porosity, material density, total organic carbon and total gas contents in
individual members and formations (from desorption)
0
50
Nasycenie
gazem [%]
100
5
7
8
Well to well correlation
Results of isotope analysis
OCCURANCE OF GAS AND OIL IN SHALE:
THERMOGENIC GAS WITH CONDENSATE
DIVERSITY OF ISOTOPE COMPOSITION
REFLECTS INCREASING TRANSFORMATION
RATIO
Bernard plot for samples from:
LUBOCINO-1, OPALINO-2, KOCHANOWO-1, BORCZ-1,
WYSIN-1 wells
Plot of gas quality depending on carbon and hydrogen
isotope composition in methane
LOW TEMPERATURE THERMOGENIC GAS ON WEJHEROWO CONCESSION
HIGH TEMPERATURE THERMOGENIC GAS ON „SOUTHERN” CONCESSIONS
Górowo Iławeckie Concession No 47/2001/p
Valid to 31.12.2017
Planned exploration works
Exploration works planned for 2014
well
Depth [m]
Żelazna Góra - Dębowiec Warmiński 2D
Górowo Iławeckie
Works planned for 2014
Seismic
2D [km]
Żelazna Góra Dębowiec Warmiński 2D
200
Rock-Eval data
Dębowiec Warmiński – 2 well
Sp/
Sw
Pridolian –
Wenlokian
undivided
Sla Pasłęk shale
O3
Orneta marl
Morąg lime.
Ok/ Sasino shale
Oln
Kielno lime.
44
Maturity trend against the top of Ordovician
(Poprawa, 2011)
45
Concessions 172 nr 10/2010/p, 173 nr 11/2010/p, 192 nr 12/2010/p,
193 nr 13/2010/p
Valid to 23.02.2015
Planned exploration works
Exploration works planned for 2014
Well
Depth [m]
Seismic
2D [kmb]
4 500
Płock-Sierpc- Płońsk 2D
343,92
200
Mystkowo-1
(2014)
Blok 172
Blok 173
Mystkowo-1
Blok 192
Blok 193
Planned wells and seismic
Kock – Tarkawica Concession No 52/2001/p
Valid to 31.12.2016
Exploration works carried out
Planned works - 2014
Well
Wojcieszków-1
Depth [m]
Seismic
3D [km2]
3 150
Planned exploration works
Wojcieszków-2H
Wojcieszków-1
Wojcieszków-2H
Wojcieszków 3D
Kock-Tarkawica
otwory i prace sejsmiczne w realizacji
otwory i prace sejsmiczne planowane
Wojcieszków 3D
16/40
WOJCIESZKÓW-1 WELL
WOJCIESZKÓW-1
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3094
m, after penetrating 17.5 m thick section of
Cambrian deposits.
Location of the Wojcieszków-1 well against the depth map of the
Ordovician Top
LUBOCINO-1
WOJCIESZKÓW-1
PG
NEGR
Total gas
[m3/t]
Tgas %
Total gas
[m3/t]
TOC %
Tgas %
TOC %
C4 %
wenlok
ludlow dolny
w – wy
mielnickie
wenlok
5,7%
2,2 – 3 mD
.1 m
28 m
landower
3-10 %
0,0015 – 6,4 mD
śr.1,3 mD
5m
landower
11 m
3 - 10 %
0,01 – 22 mD
ordowik
śr. 5,1mD
ordowik
12 m
2m
kambr
1.5%
2%
TOC %
Quality of the potential source rocks based on Rock-Eval analysis
excellent
very good
good
medium
poor
50
Upper Devonian – another unconventional target ???
Location of the regional seismic lines
Linia 4
Linia 5
1
2
4
8
3
56
2
7
3
4
Mełgiew-1
Linia 4
Kock IG-2
Fammenian thickness~1400 m
7
Lublin IG-1
Fammenian thickness~1600 m
NE
Fammenian thickness ~1650 m
SW
Geochemical analysis – Rock-Eval
Kerogen type and thermal maturity of the Devonian section
Wiszniów – Tarnoszyn Concession, no 3/2009/p, valid to 05.02.2018
Tomaszów Lubelski Concession, no 7/2011/p, valid to 27.04.2017
Carried out
nazwa otworu
głębokość [m]
Lubycza Królewska-1
3 504
Kościaszyn-1
3 900
Planned
Majdan Sopocki-1
Wiszniów-Tarnoszyn
Kościaszyn-1
Majdan Sopocki-1
Lubycza Królewska-1
Tomaszów Lubelski
otwory i prace sejsmiczne zrealizowane
otwory i prace sejsmiczne w realizacji
otwory i prace sejsmiczne planowane
3 100
sejsmika
zdjęcie 2D [kmb]
zdjęcie 3D [km2]
KOŚCIASZYN-1 WELL
Kościaszyn-1
Kościaszyn-1
3828 m MD
The drilling stopped at the final depth of 3828 m, after
penetrating a 29 m thick section of Cambrian deposits.
Location of the Kościaszyn-1 well against the depth
map of the Ordovician Top
KOŚCIASZYN- 1 WELL
Upper Silurian
Gaz całkowity [%]
TOC=0,84%
TOC=0,99%
TOC=1,26%
TOC=0,7%
TOC=2,28%
TOC=3,32%
Lower Silurian
Ordovician
Cambrian
Gaz z desorpcji [%]
Gaz resztkowy [%]
Gaz tracony [%]
Total gas [%]
C4 [%]
Content of carbonate rocks [%]
Thermal maturity trend for lower Silurian and upper Ordovician potential source
rocks
Summary
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PGNiG explores on 11 concessions with potential for unconventional resources
Fifteen drilled wells, two wells are in progress, another wells are planned
Two horizontal wells drilled
Most of wells drilled in the Pomeranian Basin (11)
Two 3D seismic realised, two more are in progress and two more are planned
Three 2D seismic realised and two more are planned
The main target is the Lower Paleozoic complex of shaley deposits (Llandoverian + Caradocian)
Another target is the Middle Cambrian tight sandstone
We do not exclude the Upper Devonian carbonates as the another potential target
TOC up to 10% in the Lower Paleozoic source rocks
Geochemical factors indicate good and very good potential for HC generation from the Lower Paleozoic source rocks
Thermal maturity indicates potential for shale oil and shale gas
Thickness of the source rock exceeds 20 metres in the Pomeranian Basin and is much lower in the Lublin Basin
The Lower Silurian source rocks contain organic matter composed of oil-prone, type-II kerogen
Geochemical characteristics of desorbed gas indicates its thermogenic character
Geochemical characteristics of oil from the Lubocino-1 well indicates that the Silurian/Ordovician shales could have
supplied conventional reservoirs in the Middle Cambrian sandstone
Single test in the Lubocino-1 well indicates underpressure conditions in this part of the basin. This finding, however,
needs confirmation in another wells
Clay content in the shaley intervals is between 25% and 70%. Layers rich in smectite are the most significant obstacle
for hydraulic fracturing process
The average effective porosity of the Lower Paleozoic shale is around 6%. Its permeability is between 0.0001 and 0.1 mD
Good source rock with good petrophysical properties is confirmed
The most significant problem is a technology of reservoir completion
Thank you
for your attention