Smart Grid

Transcription

Smart Grid

ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON
RENEWABLE ENERGY
“Italian innovative and best
practices”
Smart Grid
Experiences of Italy as the World’s 1st
pioneer of smart grid and today’s technology
Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok,
21st -22nd March 2012
Speaker:
Carlo Figà Talamanca
SMART GRID…
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWAL ENERGY
“Italian innovative and best practices”
Sofitel So Hotel, Bangkok, 21st – 22nd March 2012
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CONTENT
•
Today’s electrical grids and its limitations.
•
Smart grids: definition, the future, features and applications.
•
Smart energy demand.
•
Smart grid in Italy:
• Smart meters
• Smart homes
• Electric mobility
• Smart cities
• Smart MV networks
• 1st Italy’s smart grid in Isernia
•
Conclusions
3
WHAT WORKED IN THE PAST WON’T WORK ANYMORE…
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TODAY’S GRID
5
THE TRADITIONALE GRID
6
GROWING COMPLEXITY
7
SMART GRID: THE INTEGRATION OF TWO INFRASTRUCTURES
Electrical Infrastructure
+
“Intelligence” Infrastructure
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DEFINITION OF SMART GRID
The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware, management and
reporting software, built atop an intelligent communications
infrastructure.
or more “simply”…
Smart Grid is a combination of:
· Smart devices
· Two-way communications
· Advanced control systems
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WHY SMART GRIDS?
10
GRIDS OF TOMORROW
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THE VISION OF THE FUTURE
Small hydro power
Hydro power
Low emission station
power plant
Off-shore
wind
Solar power
plant
Biomass
HVDC link
Microgrid
Transformer
Wave
energy
Residential CHP
Solar
H2
production
an filling
station
Photovoltaic
Underground info
and power
transmission
Micro storage of
electricity
Thermal storage
Demand side
management
SMES
Fuel cells
Compressed
hydrogen
storage
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FEATURES OF SMART GRIDS
A SMART GRID is able to integrate the activities of all connected actors –
producers, consumers and both (“prosumers” ) to distribute energy in an
efficient, sustainable, economic and reliable way.
The vision for the electricity network of the future is:
• Flexible: fulfilling customers’ needs whilst responding to the changes and
challenges ahead;
• Accessible: granting connection access to all network users, particularly for
renewable power sources and high efficiency local generation with zero or low
carbon emissions;
• Reliable: assuring and improving security and quality of supply, consistent with the
demands of the digital age with resilience to hazards and uncertainties;
• •Economic: providing best value through innovation, efficient energy management
and ‘level playing field’ competition and regulation.
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SMART GRID APPLICATIONS
Demand Response and Dynamic Pricing
Distributed Generation and Alternate Energy Sources
Self-Healing Wide-Area Protection and Islanding
Asset Management and On-Line Equipment Monitoring
Real-time Simulation and Contingency Analysis
Participation in Energy Markets
Shared Information – Continuously Optimizing – Intelligent Responses!
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SMART ENERGY DEMAND
The energy user component of the smart grid, which includes any energy-user
actions to:
• enhancement of reliability
• reduce peak demand,
• shift usage to off-peak hours,
• lower total energy consumption,
• actively manage electric vehicle charging,
• actively manage other usage to respond to solar, wind, and other renewable
resources
• buy more efficient appliances and equipment over time based on a better
understanding of how energy is used by each appliance or item of equipment.
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SMART ENERGY DEMAND MECHANISMS
All of these actions minimize adverse impacts on electricity grids and
maximize utility and consumer savings. Smart Energy Demand mechanisms
and tactics include:
• smart meters;
• dynamic pricing;
• smart thermostats and smart appliances;
• automated control of equipment;
• real-time energy information feedback to electricity users;
• usage by appliance data;
• scheduling and control of loads such as electric vehicle chargers, home area
networks (HANs), and others.
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ITALY – INTERNATIONAL LEADER IN SMART GRID
•
Italy’s Smart Grid policy is
leading the path in Europe.
•
Italy sees the Smart Grid policy
as a mean of improving
economic growth through
competitiveness and a
sustainable energy policy.
•
Italy has implemented a set of
energy projects that emphasize
the use of decentralized
energy production from
renewable sources, the use
of short transmission lines,
and through the use of
reduced power loss
distribution technologies.
•
Italy is co-leader (United
States and Korea) in Smart
Grid at international level.
ITALIAN TECHNOLOGIES ON RENEWABLE ENERGY
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FOCUS OF SMART GRID DEVELOPMENT IN ITALY
• Active participation of the consumer
• “Intelligent measurement of consumptions”
• Integration of renewable energies;
• Electricity storage;
• Electric mobility.
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SMART METERS
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SMART METERS
A smart meter is an electrical meter
that records consumption of electric
energy “real time” and communicates
that information back to the utility for
monitoring and billing purposes.
Smart meters enable two-way
communication between the meter and
the central system.
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SMART METERS IN ITALY
Between 2001 and 2006, Enel SpA, the dominant utility in Italy with about 30
million customers, deployed smart meters to its entire customer base.
These meters are fully electronic and smart and have:
• integrated bi-directional communications;
• advanced power measurement and management capabilities;
• integrated, software-controllable disconnect switch.
They communicate over LV power line using standards-based power line technology
to data concentrators at which point they communicate via IP to Enel's enterprise
servers.
The system provides a wide range of advanced features, including:
• the ability to remotely turn power on or off to a customer;
• read usage information from a meter;
• detect a service outage;
• detect the unauthorized use of electricity;
• change the maximum amount of electricity that can be demanded at any time;
• remotely change the meter's billing plan (credit – prepay; flat-rate - multi-tariff).
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ENEL’s SMART METER DEPLOYMENT IN ITALY
With 99% of smart meters installed already in 2006, Italy is widely
anticipating the targets set by European authorities in terms of diffusion
of smart meters (minimum 80% by 2020).
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THE TECHNOLOGY
The deployment of the smart meter technology entailed the following principal
elements:.
• Smart meters, for the measurement of
electric consumption, the remote
communication of the relative data and
the management of the electric provision
plan (billing plan).
• Concentrators, installed in MV to LV
transformation cabins, for the gathering
of all data from the connected smart
meters.
• Central system, for the remote
management of the smart meters,
elaboration of the inforamtion for billing
purposes and service quality control.
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ENEL’s SMART METER STRATEGY
."We wanted to improve efficiency, create higher margins, and help customers reduce
their energy bills." (Livio Gallo, Enel's director of infrastructure and networks)
• The Italian utility can now collect customer data and manage its energy
network remotely, instead of sending out costly technicians.
• Improved data on consumers' electricity habits permit Enel to run its power
plants more efficiently.
• Enel is obtaining annual cost savings of EUR 500 million from the new
technology – return on investment in just four years (total investment EUR 2,1
billion) .
Rolling out the technology as quickly as possible, helps achieve a fast return on
investment. During the mass installation phase, around 50,000 meters were
produced and 40,000 installed daily.
Focus on the customer! ENEL spent resources and time educating the public about
its benefits.
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SOME NUMBERS ABOUT ITALY’S SMART METER
DEPLOYMENT
Italy/Enel is first in the world regarding the deployment of smart meters!
• 33 million installed in Italy by Enel from 2001 – investment of 2,1 billion Euro;
•
• 4 million supplied to other utility companies in Italy;
• 13 million new generation smart meters about to be installed to Endesa
customers in Spain, by 2015.
• Over 1 million supplied to other utilities in Europe.
• Enel’s technology is the most diffused in the world.
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BENEFITS OF SMART METERS FOR THE
CONSUMERS
• Transparency of consumptions – the customer can know any time how much
he/she is consuming.
• Simplicity of management – billing plans are managed remotely without any
disturbance for the customers.
• Environmental friendly - tens of thousands of CO2 emissions avoided, thanks to
the efficient management of utilities.
• Possibility to choose and change different billing plans offered on the market
without the need to change the meter.
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SMART METER FUNCTIONS FOR THE CUSTOMER
• Customer number;
• Date
• Time
• Time band: F1, F2, F3;
• Actual power (kw used at the moment);
• Cumulative energy and power used in the different time bands (current and
previous billing period):
• Total energy used in kwh in the different time bands (A1, A2, A3).
• Maximal power used in in kw in the different time bands (P1, P2, P3);
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TIME BANDS IN ITALY
The authority for Electrical Energy and Gas has defined the times and days for
3 different time bands which can be applied in the electric consumption
reading:
F1 (peak hours): 8:00-19:00, Monday-Firday
F2 (intermediate hours):
• 7:00-8:00, 19:00-23:00, Monday-Friday
• 7:00-23:00 on Saturdays.
F3 (off-peak hours):
• 00:00-7:00, 23:00-24:00, Monday-Saturday
• all Sundays
• 11 days of public national holidays..
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BI-DIRECTIONAL SMART METER (CONTRACT)
Measures the energy taken from the grid and the one provided to the grid.
• Time band: F1, F2, F3;
• Actual power (kw provided at the moment);
• Cumulative energy and power provided in the different time bands (current
and previous billing period):
• Total energy provided in kwh in the different time bands (A1, A2, A3).
• Maximal power provided in in kw in the different time bands (P1, P2, P3);
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SMART HOMES
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SMART HOMES (1/3)
Smart homes use advanced technological solutions to optimize/rationalize the
energy utilization at home.
• It guarantees the confort and at the same time improoves energy savings.
• Interactions with the grid are crucial for an optimal balancing of houshold
consumptions.
• Enel is working to offer advanced devices, able to interact with the grid and the
domestic houshold appliances.
• The objective is is to «network» the household appliances with eachother and
to connect them to the electronic and technological devices in the homes
(for example to the smart meters).
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SMART HOMES (2/3)
Energy@Home: Enel has partnered with
Telecom Italia and Electrolux for a
communications platform for a home
area network that will allow for some of
the value-added services that integrates
the smart metering.
The network will
leverage its
broadband gateway
and Google is
reportedly developing
web applications.
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SMART HOMES (3/3)
Modern consumer electronics devices now consume over half the power in a
typical home.
The ability to shut down or hibernate devices when they are not receiving data
could be a major factor in cutting energy use.
To save energy/money, optimizing consumptions by scheduling the utilization
(on-off) of household appliances, according to the different time bands (different
cost of energy) and the own needs.
Key devices that aide to shed load during times of peak demand include air
conditioning units, washing machines, dish washers, electric water heaters, water
pumps and other high wattage devices.
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ELECTRIC MOBILITY
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ELECTRIC MOBILITY (1/3)
Italy sees the development of Electric Vehicles (EV) technologies as crucial to
its energy policy.
As part of that policy a EV pilot project between Enel and Daimler (E-mobility Italy) is
currently underway (start September 2010) :
• Deployment of 400 recharging stations in the cities of Milan, Rome and Pisa.
• Daimler will deliver 140 Smart electric cars to private customers, maintenance
free.
• ENEL will build a distribution network capable of supplying RECS certified
power (Renewable Energy Certificate System), which is an international system
involving 25 European countries.
In May 2011, 130 private and public recharging points were in place, and over 50
EVs had been delivered. Participants in the pilot pay EUR25 including VAT/taxes for
recharging.
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The need for multidisciplinary projects – not only Utilities sector and ICT but also
with Automotive sector, Oil companies, public administrations, etc.
Enel has signed agreements for similar projects with Renault-Nissan, Piaggio,
Citroen, General Motors and Toyota.
The project includes communication between the charging point and the EV and
remote integration with utility billing systems to automatically debit users’ accounts.
It has also planned similar pilot projects in Bologna, Rimini and Reggio Emilia in a
memorandum of understanding with the Region Emila Romagna.
Enel is collaborating with major distributors/«gas stations» companies in Italy to
consolidate a common EV recharging model/standard.
Following the pilot projects, Enel plans a mass roll-out of smart recharging
infrastructure from 2012 to 2019.
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SMART CITIES
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SMART CITIES
Smart cities combine in one urban model the environment protection, energy
efficientcy and sustainable economy.
Infrastructures, services and technologies enable energy savings, reductions
of emissions and consumption control for citizens, public administration and
businesses.
How?  SMART GRIDS
Smart cities are a combination of all smart grid technologies:
• smart meters;
• grid automation;
• efficient public lighting;
• electric mobility;
• integration of renewable energy sources;
• energy storage systems;
• devices that increase consumption awareness.
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SMART MV NETWORKS
In 2009 Enel started the “Biggest Program” in the Smart Grid framework: “Smart
MV Networks” in Southern Italy. 4 projects, funded with 77M from the Italian
Government, with the following main goals:
1. Test and improve distributed generation along with the management of
active/passive power networks. Make MV power Networks ready for connection
with PV plants (sizes 0.1-1 MW).
2. Control voltage, to allow a safe and clean disconnection of main generation in
the case of primary supply loss.
3. Distributed delivery, to allow the reclosing (remotely controlled) of MV producers
depending on the network conditions and in compliance with rules/regulation.
4. Possibility of a meshed grid configuration, to increase short-circuit power
redistribution.
Fundamental to this program is the development and installation of a high bandwidth
communication network backbone.
Expected to be completed by end 2012. Currently 400km of overhead line and
hundreds of automated remotely controllable switchgears have been installed.
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THE 1st SMART GRID IN ITALY – ISERNIA PROJECT
November 2011, in Isernia, in the southern region of Molise, Italy/Enel has
started installing the first smart grid, to handle electricity flows from
decentralized, fluctuating renewable power sources.
• Several thousand customers will take part in the 10 million EURO pilot project,
which are linked to a substation in Carpinone, Italy.
• Isernia was chosen because its geography and climate offers the perfect setting to
fully exploit solar, hydroelectric, wind and biogas efficiently and the smart
grid will integrate the renewable energy sources into the distribution network.
• The new smart grid entails the involvement of both distributors and customers
(prosumers).
• Smart grids use data from generation, transmission and consumers to
efficiently deliver reliable power at the lowest cost.
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ISERNIA PROJECT TECHNOLOGIES
The pilot smart grid includes:
• systems for estimating power generated from renewable resources;
• sensors for the advanced monitoring of grid volumes;
• interaction with power generators to provide advanced regulation of input flows;
• WiMax broadband connection and a fiber-optics communications infrastructure
integrated with the electronic meters;
• a storage facility using lithium-ion battery technology with a capacity of 0.7
MW to modulate flows of electricity, built by Siemens, recharging stations for
electric vehicles and equipment installed in homes.
42
CONCLUSIONS
Italy/Enel is currently implementing a 10-year restructuring plan for its entire
distribution network (over 1 million kilometres), coordinated with programmes
for encouraging the introduction of smart grids launched by the European
Commission.
As with digital metering, Enel Distribuzione is a leader in applying innovative
solutions to improve network efficiency and the quality of the service offered
to customers.
43
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REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING
•
“Come utilizzare il contatore elettronico monofase/trifase” – Enel, 2010
•
“Smart Grids – Le reti intelligenti guidano il futuro” – Enel, 2010
•
“The Smart Grid… Lunch and Learn, Session 1: Smart Grid and its Benefits” – Session 1
Series on the Smart Grid, GE Energy, Integration at work
•
“Smart Grid projects in Europe: lessons learned and current developments” - Vincenzo
Giordano, Flavia Gangale, Gianluca Fulli (JRC-IE), Manuel Sánchez Jiménez (DG ENER),
JRC Reference Reports, ©European Union 2011
“Resilience Against Single Attacks in Wireless Mesh Networking for the Smart Grid” – Tae
Oh, Galisono College of Computing and Information Science, Rochester Institute of
Technology, 2012
http://smartgrid.ieee.org
http://www.greentechmedia.com
http://www.smartgridopinions.com
http://climatelab.org
http://www.enel.com
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Contact details:
E-mail:
Telephone:
[email protected]
+855 978159256
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Smart Grid

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