Rapid Plus
Transcription
Rapid Plus
Manual Getting the most from your Rapid Plus Online Software Welcome to the Rapid Plus Online Software! Using this software students and teachers can access all the printed texts as ebooks, both at home and at school. The first few pages of this booklet have been written by the Series Editor, Dee Reid, and explain how the software can be used. Contents Admin Using the Rapid Plus software Using the Rapid Plus Online Software in school 3 The sequence of teaching and learning with the software 4 Ideas for using the software 4 Other benefi ts of the software 5 How to interpret the student admin screen 18 How to create and edit student accounts 19 How to create and manage groups 20 How to create and edit teacher accounts 21 How to manage licences 22 Student experience Teacher home page How to log in as a student 23 How to log in as a teacher 6 Rapid Plus Online Software at home 24 How to navigate the Home screen 7 Advice about using the software at home 25 How to search for ebooks 8 How to navigate My ebooks 26 How to interpret the search results 9 How to launch and exit an ebook 27 How to allocate ebooks 10 How to navigate an ebook 28 How to view an ebook 12 How to answer quizzes 29 How to receive rewards 30 How to view completed ebooks 31 Minimum requirements 32 Acknowledgements 33 My Students How to interpret class reports 13 How to interpret individual student reports 14 How to interpret quiz feedback 15 How to generate reports 16 How to monitor students 17 2 Using the Rapid Plus software Using the Rapid Plus Online Software The Rapid Plus Online Software has been designed for very flexible use both in school and at home. It enables students to practise literacy skills and consolidate learning in an engaging and stimulating way. Using Rapid Plus software in school Schools will have a variety of ways of organising support for students who struggle with reading and the Rapid Plus Online Software can be slotted in to any organisational model. Withdrawing students from lessons Some schools prefer to withdraw students from a complete lesson (50 – 60 minutes). These students will need a carousel of activities during their withdrawal time. For example: 15 minutes, individual tuition with a Teaching Assistant, using a Rapid Plus text 15 minutes, small group reading supported by the Guided Reading notes in the Rapid Plus Teaching Guide (e.g. teaching assistant and 3 – 4 students) 5 minutes working independently to complete the relevant photocopiable activity from the Teaching Guide 15 minutes using the Rapid Plus Online Software (independent work) This carousel model combines tasks where students need adult support and tasks where students work independently. Thus it can maximise the use of teaching assistant or SENCo time. Teaching opportunities outside timetabled lessons Some schools may use slots before school, tutor time, or lunch periods to provide extra opportunities for struggling readers to develop their literacy skills. These slightly shorter blocks of time can be used for any element of the Rapid Plus programme but students are often highly motivated to spend this time using the Rapid Plus Online Software. The software is designed to be used independently by students. For instance, SENCos, teachers and teaching assistants can easily access comprehensive information about student performance without having to sit beside the student as they complete the activities. This element of autonomy for the student is an important part of confidence-building and helps them to build self-discipline when working independently. 3 Using the Rapid Plus software The sequence of teaching and learning with Rapid Plus (texts and software) Generally, this is the recommended sequence of teaching and learning for students when using the Rapid Plus books and software: 1. A supporting adult monitors the student’s oral reading either 1:1 or in a small group. 2. A supporting adult assesses the student’s comprehension using the Quiz page of the relevant Rapid Plus text. 3. The student works independently using a Rapid Plus photocopiable page to practise word level skills, spelling and comprehension. 4. The student can then work independently using the Rapid Plus Online Software. Using the software When students are using the software, the following approach is suggested: 1. The student listens to the whole text being read aloud (by pressing the ‘Read to me’ button). Hearing a text read aloud helps the student to develop fluency and phrasing as they are provided with an excellent model of fluent reading. 2. The student can also click on any individual word if they wish to hear it read again at any point. In addition, the student can zoom in to take a closer look at the pictures. 3. The student then completes the interactive activities by clicking on the ‘hotspots’ within the books. These can be found at the end of the books, on the Quiz page. For fiction books in Stages 7-9, there are additional hotspots for comprehension activities on the final pages of Chapters 1, 2 and 3. Students press the ‘Read to me’ button to hear the text read aloud and the sentences highlighted. The comprehension activities further challenge the student to reflect upon their reading and to develop improved comprehension skills. They are not identical to the comprehension activities elsewhere in the resources. The word knowledge activities appear in all books within Stages 3-6 and enable students to make links with word level work taught in the classroom; for example, identifying adjectives or verbs, finding rhyming words, finding synonyms or antonyms. Author style activities appear in fiction books within Stages 7-9. These are a progression from the word knowledge activities within the 3-6 books, and ask students to identify specific words which the author has used to achieve a particular effect; for example, they might be asked to identify two adjectives that describe the landscape. Non-fiction activities appear in place of word knowledge activities for non-fiction books in Stage 7-9. These activities enhance students’ knowledge of the texts through focusing on features such as subheadings, graphs, flow charts and labelling that appear in non-fiction texts. In the spelling activities students are challenged to spell useful high frequency words using the ‘see, say, hear, remember, spell, check’ technique. In books for Stages 7-9, they are further challenged to spell these words in the context of a sentence taken from the book they have read, to enhance understanding of its meaning and usage. 4 Using the Rapid Plus software Other benefi ts of the software Using the Rapid Plus software at home The Rapid Plus software is online. This means that students can log in and access their ebooks at home. They can carry on with one of their allocated ebooks and try the activities. Or they can open any of the ebooks they have already finished if they want another look. Whether students access the software at home or at school, you will be able to keep track of how they are getting on. Feedback in the Rapid Plus software The Rapid Plus software works as an independent activity because the support within the software assists the student wherever they have needs. For instance, if the student makes an error when attempting one of the activities, the software is designed to give a gentle prompt to direct the student to try again successfully. This level of support makes Rapid Plus software suitable for all students, even those who are anxious about making mistakes. Using Rapid Plus software with EAL students Students who have English as an additional language may well benefi t from using the Read to Me component of the Rapid Plus software before they read aloud the text 1:1 with a teaching assistant or in a Group/Guided reading situation. This enables those students to have the benefi t of engaging with the text in a non-threatening context and they can tune in to the vocabulary and concepts of the text without facing the extra challenge of reading the words. It also provides an excellent model of spoken English for them to absorb. EAL students will also benefi t from the opportunity to click on any individual word to hear it read. 5 The teacher Home screens The teacher home screens How to log in as a teacher 1. Go to www.rapid-plus.co.uk 2. Enter your School ID (this is the four digit code that you received in your registration email). You will only need to enter your School ID once and from then on this field will automatically be populated when you next log in on the same computer. 3. Enter your username and password. If you are the first person to be logging in at your school, your username and password will be provided in the registration email (with the School ID). If you have been set up as a new user by the school, your username and password will be given to you by the person in the school who set up your account. 4. Click Login. If any login information is entered incorrectly, an error message will appear prompting you to try again. If you have forgotten your login details, please click Forgot login details? and follow the instructions. (You will need to enter your email address to receive a reminder.) 5. The teacher Home screen will now appear. You should now see your name and School ID at the top of the screen. 6. When you have finished using the Rapid Plus Online Software, click Log out at the top of the screen. 6 The teacher Home screens How to navigate the Home screen The Home screen is the first thing you will come to after logging in. This is where you can quickly and easily search for ebooks to allocate to your students. This is also where you will see a news feed about the Rapid Plus Online Software and any alerts about your licence and the students you monitor. a You can use Book Search to search for ebooks according to a particular Rapid Plus Stage. It is important to remember that each print book has been turned into two separate ebooks: one for the fiction text and one for the nonfiction text. You should allocate these separately. The second dropdown here allows you to select just the fiction, non-fiction or both types of ebook. e c a b g h d b You can use Quick Search to search for ebooks according to key words, e.g. title, characters, author. c Click Help for access to the Manual for the software and video walk-throughs. d You can access Rapid Plus’s Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy by clicking on each of these links. e If your account has been set up by someone in your school, you can change your username and password in My profile. Please note, you can only change the username and password for the original account you were sent in the registration email by calling the Customer Support helpline. f Click Contact us to open a form where you can quickly send a query to the Customer Support Team. f g The news feed will appear here and will flag up any news about the software that may be of interest to you, for example if new content is added to the software. h The Welcome message gives you some brief on-screen information to help you get started with the software. 7 The teacher Home screens How to search for ebooks The Home screen allows you to find all the Rapid Plus ebooks. There are two ways to search for ebooks: using either a Rapid Plus Stage search or a quick search. Looking for ebooks by Rapid Plus Stage 1. From the Home screen, choose your Rapid Plus Stage from the first dropdown menu. You can choose either an entire Stage (e.g. ‘All Stage 4’) or just one sub-stage (e.g. ‘Stage 4b’ only). 2. Using the second dropdown, choose whether you want to search for ‘All types’ of ebook (e.g. fiction and non-fiction) or just one or the other. 3. Click Search to generate a list of ebooks matching your chosen criteria. To change your search simply choose different dropdown menu options and click Search again. 4. To return to the original Home screen (i.e. with the Welcome message and news feed) just click Clear search at the top right of the list of results. Looking for ebooks using quick search 1. Enter your search term in the text field on the right hand side of the Book Search panel. This could be part of a text title, a character name or an author name. 2. Click Search to generate a list of ebook results matching your chosen criteria. 3. If your search returns no results, you will see an error message and you will need to try again with a different search. 4. You can carry out a new search whenever you are ready, or just click Clear search. 8 The teacher Home screens How to interpret the search results The Book Search function allows you to search for ebooks and learn more about them. Remember that each print book exists as two separate ebooks: one for the fiction text and one for the non-fiction text. From this screen, you can allocate ebooks to your students or just open an ebook to look at it yourself or to use it with students. a Click Show detail to see extra information about an ebook, e.g. description, length, word count and a link to the text’s fiction/ non-fiction partner text. b a c e g b Once you have selected one or more ebooks by ticking their boxes, the Allocate button will become active. Click this to send those ebooks to your students. The button will be greyed out until you have chosen an ebook. c Click an ebook title to launch that ebook. d Tick the boxes to select ebooks individually, or tick the box at the very top of the column to select them all. d f e You can see the Rapid Plus reading Stage (e.g. ‘3a’) in the first lozenge and the National Curriculum reading level associated with that Stage in the second lozenge. g This dropdown shows you whether the ebook has already been allocated to any students. The student disappears from the list when they have completed the ebook. f The Linked ebook gives the title of the partner fiction/non-fiction text that sits alongside the text you are looking at in the print book. You can launch the linked ebook by clicking on the title. This is only shown if Show detail has been clicked for an ebook. 9 The teacher Home screens How to allocate ebooks The Allocate button allows you to give students access to selected ebooks via their own Rapid Plus login details. You can allocate up to a maximum of 8 ebooks per student. This means that you can allocate all the ebooks in any one stage to a student in one go, e.g. you may want a student to have access to all the Stage 3a ebooks. 1. NOTE: Before you can allocate ebooks it is important to make sure that the students you want to use the ebooks have been added to the software (see page 19) and also that they will know how to log in and use the software (see pages 23-24). 2. Select the ebooks that you want to allocate by ticking the boxes on the left hand side of each title in the Book Search screen. 3. Click Allocate. A pop-up like the ones below will appear. If you had selected just one ebook, it will look like the first screen shown below. If you had selected two or more ebooks, it will include some additional information, as shown by the second screen below. a Select which students you want to view from the Allocate to dropdown. If any groups have been added, they will be shown here. b The table shows the students you can allocate the ebook to. By default, all the students in your school who use the software will be listed. Choosing from the Allocate to dropdown can narrow this list down. c The Current column indicates how many ebooks each student currently has allocated to them. The Previously read on column indicates whether that particular student has already seen that ebook and when. d d b a c If you had selected more than one ebook to allocate, you will also be prompted to choose whether you want to allocate all the ebooks in one go or whether you would like to allocate each ebook one at a time, so you can choose different students for each ebook. 10 The teacher Home screens 4. Select the students you want to allocate the ebook(s) to by ticking the boxes. You can select individual students by ticking individual tick boxes. Alternatively, you can select the tick box at the very top of the column to select all the students on that current list. 5. Click the Allocate button at the bottom of the pop-up when you have ticked the required students. 6. You will then see a pop-up that confirms whether the allocations were actioned. This may look like the example below. a The top table lists all the successful allocations from the previous screen. If you had allocated more than one ebook to students from that screen then the titles of those ebooks will be listed in the dropdowns. a b c b In the Current allocations column you can also see here how many ebooks each student now has allocated to them. c The bottom table lists any allocations that were not successful. The reason is listed so you can see why. There are two possible reasons why an allocation may be unsuccessful: • The student already has that ebook in their My ebooks area. Note that the software would not stop you allocating an ebook to a student if they have already had it but have finished it. (This is useful because you may want them to read it again and have another go.) • The student already has 8 ebooks in their My ebooks area. No student can have more than 8 ebooks in this area at any one time. You will need to de-allocate another ebook if you want to go ahead and allocate the new ebook (see page 14). 7. Click Finish to return to the Book Search screen, or OK to return to the Allocate screen if there are ebooks you had selected that still need to be allocated. 11 The teacher Home screens How to view an ebook from the teacher area If you launch an ebook from the teacher area of the software, you will have access to all the features that a student has (see pages 28-29) plus some additional ones. a Click this button to hide all Rapid Plus quiz activity hotspots. You may want to hide them if they prove distracting when using the ebook (for instance, if you are viewing the ebook with a student). b Click to open the annotation tools. Note that you cannot save your annotations. More details below. a b c Colour palette. d c d e f g h Cursor allows you to de-select the annotation options. e Pencil for annotating or underlining the text. f Highlighter for annotating or highlighting the text or pictures. g Eraser to remove annotations. Click the eraser on your pencil or highlighter lines to remove them. h Click the cross to exit the annotation tools. You can also drag and drop this annotation palette around the page so it does not obstruct where you want to annotate. 12 My Students My Students How to interpret class reports Click on the ‘My Students’ tab at the top of the screen to access the software’s useful monitoring and reporting features. These allow you to see how many ebooks students have read, how many quizzes they have completed, and how successfully they have been completing those quizzes. a a Click on the My Students tab at the top of the screen to access this information. c b The students are listed in alphabetical order, by last name. You can access more detailed information about each student by clicking on that student’s name. This is also where you would go to de-allocate an ebook from a student (i.e. remove it from the student’s My ebooks area). d You can see the number of ebooks a student currently has allocated to them. e Details are provided of the most recent ebook the student has opened. Click the title to launch that ebook. The date that ebook was last viewed can be a useful means of checking when a student last used the software. The Rapid Plus Stage of that ebook is also given. e d f j By default, the dropdowns are set to list all the students in your school who use the software. You can narrow the list down, either by cohort or by group, using the dropdown lists. This allows you to see just the details of the students you are working with. c b g h i f i You can see how the student has performed with the quizzes in the last viewed ebook. The information provided will depend on how far the student got with that ebook. See page 15 for information about quiz feedback. Select a number of students and then click Print to create a printable report for the selected students. You will then be prompted to define the period to be covered by that report (information will only be given about ebooks read in that period). You can easily select all the students shown on the screen by ticking the tick box at the top of the column on the far right. See page 16 for more information about this report. g If not already set up, you can easily create a new group of students. Do this by selecting students using the tick boxes and clicking Create group. You will need to give the group a name. That group will then be shown in all the group dropdowns across the software. Note that you can create groups on this screen but you cannot amend them. For more information about how to amend the groups, see page 20. j Find out more about the Read to me function, prompts and rewards on page 14. h Find out about monitoring students on page 17. 13 My Students How to interpret individual student reports To access reporting details about an individual student, go to the ‘My Students’ screen and click on the student’s name. a You can use the dropdown menu to toggle between students. a b g b The top table is where you can see all the ebooks that a student currently has in their My ebooks area. You can see if they have made a start with each ebook and how they are getting on. d e h k f c To remove an ebook from a student’s My ebook area simply tick it and then click Remove ebook. d This tells you how many ebooks the student has completed in total since starting using the Rapid Plus Online Software. e This tells you how many reward stickers the student has earned since starting to use the software. You may wish to link the number of stickers that a student earns to your own school’s reward policy. For each sticker a student earns, they also get a joke. For more information about rewards, see page 30. f For both current and completed ebooks, you can see a record of how students have performed with their quizzes. There is one cell for each quiz in the ebook. For help understanding the quiz feedback, see page 15. c i j g The Prompts column of the tables gives you details about how many words the student clicked on to hear in each ebook. Click on the numbers in the column to see a list of the actual words clicked on in that ebook. This can be helpful for identifying common areas of difficulty for the student. h You can generate a graph style report on the student’s performance in each quiz type across a Rapid Plus Stage by clicking on the graph icon. You can print the graph displayed. i You can also see the student’s own feedback on completed ebooks in the feedback column. This uses a star system where 3 stars means the student liked the ebook. You may want to discuss what the star buttons mean with students so you can use them in the most useful way for your students. j Click Print to create a report for the selected student. You will then be prompted to define the period to be covered by the report (information will only be given about ebooks read in that period). See page 16 for more information about this report. k It is possible to switch the Read to Me functionality on or off for a student at any point, either through this individual student report screen (use the tick box at the top of the page) or on the Admin tab. The Read to Me column shows whether the student had access to the Read to Me at the time of reading each book. 14 My Students How to interpret quiz feedback For every ebook a student reads, the software keeps a record of how they have performed with the quiz activities. This allows you to identify if they are struggling with a particular type of activity. There is one cell for each quiz in the ebook. They are labelled as follows to indicate the focus of each quiz: = Literal comprehension (there will be four of these in each of the fiction books in Stages 7-9) = Inferential comprehension = Word knowledge (books in Stages 3-6 only) = Author style activity (fiction books in Stages 7-9 only) = Non-fiction activities (non-fiction books in Stages 7-9 only) = Spelling quiz Students get three goes at each quiz. So if they get it wrong on their first or second go, they can have another try. As your students complete each quiz, the white cell changes colour to indicate the student’s performance: Green = correct after 1st attempt Orange = correct after 2nd or 3rd attempt Red = incorrect after 3rd attempt Look at the example from a book in Stages 3-6 below: This information shows that the student performed as follows: They got the literal comprehension quiz correct on their first attempt. They got the inferential comprehension quiz correct on their second or third attempt. They got the word knowledge quiz correct on their first attempt. They did not get the spelling quiz correct and used up all three attempts. 15 My Students How to generate reports There are two types of report that you can generate from the My Students area of the software. One provides a summary of how a group of students have been using the software across a given period. The other provides a summary for any individual student. Group report 1. This is accessed from the My Students summary screen. 2. Select students to include in the report using the tick boxes. Alternatively click the tick box at the top of the column to select all the students shown in the list. 3. Click Print report. 4. Define a start date and an end date for the report. Information will only be given about ebooks read in the period between those two dates. 5. The report is generated as shown below. The report can be customised by adding in comments. Individual student report 1. This is accessed by clicking on an individual student’s name from the My Students summary screen. 2. Click Print. 3. Define a start date and an end date for the report. Information will only be given about ebooks read in the period between those two dates. 4. The report is generated as shown below. The report can be customised by adding in comments. 16 My Students How to monitor students Monitoring students is a totally optional feature of the software. It allows you to receive alerts about the students you are monitoring. It also means you can very easily view information about just those students. How to select students you want to monitor The easiest way to choose students to monitor is from the My Students screen. a The Monitored column tells you which students you are monitoring. By default, it is set to ‘no’, i.e. unless you state otherwise, you will not be monitoring any students. a b b c How to select students for other teachers to monitor You may wish to go through all the staff who use the software and assign them to monitor particular students. For information on how to do this, see page 21. This is useful if you have a large number of students using the software with different members of staff responsible for groups of them. The advantages of monitoring students It is quite possible to use the software without ever monitoring any students. It is a totally optional feature. However, it may be a useful feature if there are a large number of students in your school who use the software and if you only work with a small number of them. By monitoring students you have the following advantages: To select students to monitor, use the tick boxes and then click Monitor selected. (The button is greyed out until you have selected at least one student.) The Monitored column for those students should then change from ‘no’ to ‘yes’. c If at a later point you decide you want to stop monitoring one or more students you had selected, just tick them and then click the Don’t monitor selected button. The monitored column for those students should then change from ‘yes’ to ‘no’. You will receive alerts when any of those students run out of ebooks. You will receive alerts when any of those students have not read an ebook (i.e. not used the prompt or Read to Me functionality or completed any quizzes) for more than two weeks You can choose the ‘Students I monitor’ option from the group dropdown menus as a convenient way of accessing information about just those students. 17 The Admin screens The Admin screens How to interpret the Student Admin screen The Student Admin screen allows you to set up Rapid Plus accounts for students and to amend the details of those accounts. You can create as many accounts for students in your school as you need; there is no limit. a d c b f h e j a Within the Admin tab there are four sub-tabs. Make sure you are looking at the one you need! b Use the dropdown menus to filter the list of students to show just a particular cohort or group. By default, all the students who have an account are listed. If you monitor students (see page 17) you can just select ‘Students I monitor’ from the ‘Groups’ dropdown. c The Quick Search allows you to enter part of a student’s name to look for that student. d Click Add student to create a new student account. g i e All the login details (i.e. usernames and passwords) are displayed here. Click on the student’s name to edit these details. f The Monitored by column lists any adults monitoring each student. See page 17 for details about monitoring students; if the monitoring feature is not being used, this column will be blank. g To delete one or more students, use the tick boxes to select them and then click Delete selected. h Note that the cohort field gets updated automatically on the 1st August every year to move the student up to the next cohort. After Year 10, the student moves into a cohort category called ‘Other’. i Click Print to create a document summarising all these admin details for the selected students. You need to tick individual students to include in this report or tick the box at the very top of the column to select all of them. j You can turn the Read to Me functionality on or off for any student on this screen. Use the tick boxes to select the relevant students, and then click either ‘Allow Read to Me’ or ‘Disable Read to Me’. When Read to Me is turned off for a student, they will not be able to see the ‘play’, ‘pause’ or ‘rewind’ buttons for this functionality in any of the ebooks they read. See also page 14 for information on Read to Me. 18 The Admin screens How to create student accounts 1. Click on the Admin tab and then on the Students sub-tab. 2. Click Add student. 3. To create a student account you will need to know the first and last name of the student and their cohort. You can also provide an email address for the student if this is appropriate. (This would mean that, if the student forgets their login details, they can request that a reminder be sent to that address. However, this is an optional field and can be ignored.) 4. Choose whether to add student accounts individually or in bulk. If you want to add individual student accounts, carry on reading here. If you want to add students in bulk using a .csv file, see the section below called ‘Adding student accounts in bulk’. 5. Fill in the form at the top of the pop-up. You can ignore the bottom part of the form. You must provide the cohort and first and last name. Email is optional. Putting the student into an existing group is also optional. 6. Click Add when you are done. 7. You will be taken back to the list of students. You should see that the student has been added to the list. A simple username and password will be generated for the student and this will be displayed here. However, these can be changed (see the section below). 8. You will need to make a note of the student’s username and password and share these, along with the School ID, with the student. You could use the form on page 24 for sharing this information. Editing a student’s details You may want to edit the student’s details. For instance, you may want to assign a different username or password to the student. 1. Click on the name of the student to open a pop-up populated with that student’s detail. 2. Make the changes to the form. 3. Click Save. Adding student accounts in bulk Students can also be added in bulk by creating a spreadsheet of your students’ details. 19 The Admin screens How to create and manage groups The Groups Admin screen lists all the groups of students that have been created in your school. On this screen you can view those groups, edit them and delete them. a c d b e a Remember that there are four sub-tabs within the Admin area. Make sure that you are looking at the right one! b All the Rapid Plus groups that have been created by teachers at your school are listed here so you can easily view groups that others have set up. They are listed by name, alphabetically. f c Click Add new group to create a new group. A pop-up will appear in which you need to give the group a name and assign students to it. Remember that you can also create a group on the My Students screen (see page 13) but you cannot edit or delete groups from that screen. d For each group, you can see how many students are in it and the name of the teacher who created it. e To view more details about a group, click on its name. This launches the Edit group pop-up where you can change the name of the group and move students into or out of the group. Click Save on the pop-up when you are done. f To delete one or more groups, select them using the tick boxes and then click Delete selected groups. Note that when you delete a group this does not delete the students who were in the group, it only removes the group itself. 20 The Admin screens How to create and edit teacher accounts The Teacher Admin screen allows you to set up Rapid Plus accounts for teachers and other members of staff and to amend the details of those accounts. You can create as many accounts for teachers in your school as you need; there is no limit. a c b f d e a Remember that there are four sub-tabs within the Admin area. Make sure that you are looking at the right one! b All the teachers or members of staff who have an account are listed here, in alphabetical order. c Click Add teacher to create a new account. You will need to provide a first name, last name and an email address for the teacher. An email address is required for teachers. d A username and password will automatically be created for each teacher account. By default this will be based on the teacher’s first name. You may wish to amend these login details; just click on the teacher’s name to do this. e You can edit the details of any teacher by clicking on the teacher’s name. A pop-up will appear in which you can amend the teacher’s details. This popup is also where you can select which students that teacher should monitor (just click the Edit monitored student button on the pop-up to do this). f To remove one or more teacher accounts, use the tick boxes to select them and then click Delete selected. 21 The Admin screens How to manage licences The Licences Admin screen details when your subscription to the Rapid Plus Online Software started and when it is due to expire. This will also include information about how to go about renewing your subscription. 22 Student experience Student experience How to log in as a student 1. You first need to make sure that the student you want to login as has been added to the software (see page 19). You will need to give each student their personal login details. You can use the Rapid Plus Online Software at home sheet (on page 24) to enter this information and give to your students as a photocopiable hand-out. 2. Go to www.rapid-plus.co.uk 3. Enter the School ID. This code will be the same for all students and teachers in your school and is in the registration email that was sent to the school. 4. Enter the student’s username and password. If the student has forgotten their login details, or entered them incorrectly, they will see a message telling them to try again. If an email address has been given for the student then the student can click Forgot Login details? to have their login details sent to that address. They can try again as many times as required. 5. Click Login. 6. The student´s My ebooks screen will now appear. You will see a welcome message with the student’s name in the navigation panel at the bottom of the screen. 7. When you have finished using the Rapid Plus Online Software click Log out at the bottom left of the screen. 23 Student experience Rapid Plus Online Software at home The Rapid Plus Online Software aims to help students improve their reading skills at home and school. Your Rapid Plus login details School ID: ___________________________________________________ Username: __________________________________________________ Password: ___________________________________________________ How to log in to the Rapid Plus Online Software 1. Go to www.rapid-plus.co.uk 2. Enter your school ID. 3. Enter your username and password. 4. Click login. 5. Your homepage screen will now appear. You should see your name at the bottom of the screen. You can now: Select an ebook from My ebooks to open and read. Collect Rapid Plus Points by completing the quizzes and finishing your ebooks. See your points go up on the meter and see rewards appear when you reach the top of the meter! Click My rewards to see your rewards whenever you want. Click Ebooks I have read to see all the ebooks you have completed and take another look if you want. 24 Student experience Advice about using the software at home The Rapid Plus Online Software is designed for your child to use independently (although they may like it if you show an interest in what they are doing!) The texts and activities on the software will be suited to your child’s needs so you can be confident that they will enjoy the tasks and benefi t from them. The Rapid Plus software is online and this means that your child can continue ebooks and activities started in school at home. They can keep building up their total points score wherever they use it. What does the Rapid Plus Online Software offer? Read to me Every Rapid Plus text (fiction and non fiction) can be read aloud to your child by using the ‘Read to me’ function. Hearing a text read aloud is an important part of developing reading skills and you should encourage your child to use this. If you can spare the time, listen to the text with your child. This gives them the message that you think reading is important. This functionality can be turned on or off by your child’s teacher, depending on what he/she feels is most suitable. Word prompt Your child can click on any word to hear that word read aloud. You could make a game of this with your child: Use the cursor to point at a word on the screen Challenge your child to read the word Ask your child to click on the word to see if they got it right Fun quizzes Every Rapid Plus ebook has a series of follow-up quizzes at the end. These link closely to the text your child has read but they should be able to answer the questions without looking at the text again. Your child will be challenged to answer the questions and to score points. The follow-up activities help your child get better at: understanding what they have read understanding how sentences and words work in English spelling Your child will score points every time they complete a quiz activity. If they make an error, the software is designed to give them a clue to get the activity right on a second try. If they still find it tricky they will get a further clue. Usually children make mistakes because they are not looking carefully enough at the task and they make a decision too quickly. Encourage your child to spend a bit of time thinking before they click on their answer. Success There are lots of things that can improve pupils’ progress in literacy but using quality software and having the interest of an adult at home are two key factors. Get involved with your child’s progress and you will both be delighted with the results. 25 Student experience How to navigate My ebooks This is the first screen that students will come to once they have logged in. From this screen, students can launch the ebooks allocated to them and see the number of Rapid Plus Points they have collected. a d b c a The student will see up to eight print book covers displayed. They can roll over any cover image to see the ebooks that go with it. Depending on what has been allocated to them, they may see a fiction ebook title, a nonfiction ebook title or both ebook titles (for each cover). When the student has completed an ebook (i.e. when they have completed or used all their lives for the quizzes in that ebook), it will move to the Ebooks I have read area. b Click on Parent’s help to launch some information about the software for parents. c The student can use the navigation panel to move between the main student screens: My ebooks, Ebooks I have read and My rewards. They will see a welcome message on the left hand side of the panel. d The student can see the number of Rapid Plus Points they have collected by looking at the Rapid Plus Points meter. They will collect points each time they finish an ebook (i.e. when they have completed all the quizzes). See page 30 for more information. 26 Student experience How to launch and exit an ebook 1. Make sure you are in the My ebooks area. 2. Roll over the thumbnail image of the book cover you want and then choose the ebook title you wish to launch (you will see the fiction ebook title, nonfiction ebook title or both, depending on what has been allocated). 3. A pop-up will appear confirming which ebook you have chosen. In that pop-up, you can also see the maximum number of Rapid Plus Points that are available in the ebook. The number of quiz activities in the ebook is shown by the icons in the white panel at the bottom of the pop-up. 4. Click the open book button to launch the ebook. 5. To close an ebook after opening it, click the close button on the bottom right of the ebook screen. Some points to remember: When the student exits an ebook, they will see the pop-up shown below. The icons at the bottom indicate which activities are complete or incomplete (the completed quiz activity icons are greyed out). At this point, the student can choose to continue to exit the ebook or they can return to the ebook to keep reading and complete any unfinished quizzes. If the student clicks close book after finishing all the quizzes, they will then be told how many points they have earned. They will also have an opportunity to give feedback on the ebook by rating it via a star system – 3 stars being the most positive. You may want to discuss what the star buttons mean with students so you can use them in the most useful way for your students. When the student relaunches an incomplete ebook from My ebooks, they will be reminded how many points are available in the ebook. The quiz icons that they have completed will be greyed out. 27 Student experience How to navigate an ebook The Rapid Plus Online Software offers students an audio narration of the text as well as the ability to click on any particular word to hear that word. They can also zoom in on the text and pictures. The ebooks contain fun quizzes to develop students’ skills and motivate them as they read, as well as providing you with information on their reading skills. g a b Look out for the Rapid Plus hotspots. These show when a page has a quiz question. They are usually on the last page (i.e. the Quiz page) of each ebook but fiction books in Stages 7-9 also have hotspots at the end of Chapters 1, 2 and 3. Click the hotspot icon to launch the quiz. When the student has completed a quiz, the hotspot will change as shown. a Use this button to adjust audio. If you cannot hear audio when using the software you should check the settings here plus the settings on your own computer. c e d b Click the magnifying glass icon to zoom in on the current page, e.g. to focus on the text or pictures. You can then pan around the page. Click again to zoom out. c Click the Read to me play button to hear the audio for the current page in the book. You can pause and restart this audio as required. One sentence in the text at a time is highlighted to accompany the audio. This helps students to make the link between the audio and the text. d Click the left and right arrow buttons to go to the previous or next page. f e You can type in any page number to go straight to that page. f Click to close the ebook. You will see a summary of how many quizzes have been completed in that ebook. You will get a choice to keep reading and return to the ebook or to continue to close the ebook. g You can click on any word in the text to hear that word read aloud. A list of clicked words for each ebook is recorded by the software in the teacher area so you can review how a student is using the facility (see page 14). 28 Student experience How to answer quizzes The quizzes are a great way to engage students and to motivate their reading through the collection of Rapid Plus Points. The software also provides you with real-time information about students’ progress, based on their performance in these quizzes. 1. Click on a Rapid Plus hotspot to launch a quiz question. You will normally find these on the last page of each ebook (i.e. the Quiz page) but fiction books in Stages 7-9 also have hotspots at the end of Chapters 1, 2 and 3. In each ebook, there will be at least one quiz focusing on each of the following: literal comprehension inferential comprehension word knowledge, author style or non-fiction features spelling. a a The quiz activities all have audio. The main instruction text plays automatically when the activity is opened. To hear it again, just press the speaker button. b b c 2. The student has three attempts to complete each quiz correctly. 3. If the student answers all parts of the quiz on that screen correctly, they will see a positive feedback screen. A green tick will appear next to the answers. The Done button may then be greyed out to show that the quiz is complete. The Back to the ebook button will flash to show what to do next. 4. If the student answers any part of the quiz incorrectly on their first or second attempt, they will see a feedback message encouraging them to try again. For some quizzes, the feedback is specifically related to the task, to support them to reach the right answer. They can then try again. Green ticks and red crosses will be shown to indicate what they need to change. 5. If the student answers any part of the quiz incorrectly on their third and final attempt, they will see a feedback message telling them to click a Show answers button to see what they should have put. They should take a look at this screen before returning to the ebook so that they can learn from their mistakes. Click Done when the instructions have been followed. To support students, this button can only be clicked once enough answers have been selected or attempted. A feedback pop-up will appear after clicking Done. c Click the book icon to go back to the ebook page you were on. 29 Student experience How to receive rewards Once the student has completed an ebook and all the quizzes within it, the new Rapid Plus Points that they have collected will be added to the points meter on their My ebooks screen. The student will see the level on the meter rise and they will also see their total number of points as a figure. Once the number of Rapid Plus Points reaches the top of the meter, the student will earn a reward. This will be shown in a reward pop-up. The reward takes two forms: A sticker: the student accumulates stickers as they use the software. The number of stickers a student has earned is recorded by the software and the teacher can see a running total for each student. If they choose, the teacher could then link the number of stickers earned to the school’s own reward policy. A joke: the student also gets a joke with every sticker. These are different from the jokes in the print books and can be read aloud for the student by pressing the speaker button next to the joke. When the student closes the reward pop-up, they will see any remaining points earned get added to their meter. To see how many stickers they have earned and to revisit all the jokes they have collected, the student will need to navigate to My rewards. They can open their joke book by clicking the Open joke book button. 30 Student experience How to view completed ebooks The Ebooks I have read screen allows the student to view all the ebooks they have completed since starting to use Rapid Plus. This means they can revisit favourite books and have another go at quizzes whenever they want. This area also helps further motivate students by showing a running total of the number of ebooks that they have completed. a b c a All the Rapid Plus ebooks that a student has completed are shown and can be launched from here. To launch an ebook, just roll over a cover image and select the ebook title from the list shown (e.g. the fiction ebook or the non-fiction ebook). b Only a small number of book covers can be shown on screen at a time so the student may need to use the arrow buttons to scroll through them. c The counter shows how many ebooks the student has completed since starting to use the software. 31 Minimum requirements Minimum requirements Windows PC: Hardware: • Pentium ® 4 1GHz processor or equivalent (2 GHz vista) • 512 MB RAM (1GB required for Vista) • 24 bit / high colour • Sound card • 1024 x 768 screen resolution Software: • Windows XP Pro sp3 / Vista sp2 / Windows 7 • Internet Explorer 7+, Mozilla Firefox 3.5+ • Adobe Flash Plug-in V10 • Office 2003 or later (or 100% compatible alternative) For read-only access, you may download the viewer applications for Word, Excel or PowerPoint for free, from www.microsoft.com. • Adobe Reader (8 or later – available for free from www.adobe.com) * Earlier versions of Windows may run the site, but will not have been tested upon or supported in the event of an error. Macintosh: Hardware: • Power Mac G4 1.25 GHz • 1GB RAM • 1024 x 768 screen resolution Software: • Mac OS X 10.4.11 • Mozilla Firefox 3.5+, Safari 4+ • Adobe Flash Plug-in V10 • Microsoft Office 2004 or later (or 100% compatible alternative) • Adobe Reader (8 or later – available for free from www.adobe.com) * Earlier versions of OS X may run the site, but will not have been tested upon or supported in the event of an error. * Pearson makes no representations for the availability or suitability of thirdparty software. Please note that while it is possible to run the Rapid Plus Software on Apple Macintosh computers, it is NOT possible to use it on Apple tablets, such as the iPad, or Apple smartphones such as the iPhone. This is due to the fact that these pieces of hardware do not support Adobe Flash Player. 32 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Text © Pearson Education Limited 2011 ISBN: 9780992417178 Copyright notice All rights reserved. The material in this publication is copyright. You may annotate, copy, or print out sections of text or pictures only where expressly allowed in the product and the accompanying materials, solely for use within your purchasing institution. Creation of Rapid Plus platform by Unovision Ltd - www.unovision.co.uk Activities written by Shirley Button and Julia Waines Voiceover recording © Pearson Education Ltd / Tom Dick + Debbie Productions with thanks to Charles Armstrong and Wayne Forester Original illustrations © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Illustrated by: Mark Boardman (5b fiction titles), Ollie Cuthbertson (3b and 7 Vikings fiction titles), Stephen Elford (5a fiction titles), Nelson Evergreen (8 Ghosts fiction titles), Dylan Gibson (3a, 4a and 6a fiction titles), Fabio Leone (9 Chillers fiction titles), Sonia Possentini (9 Supernatural fiction titles), Peter Richardson (4b and 6b fiction titles), Andy Stephens (6a fiction titles), Daniel Tarrant (8 Crime fiction titles) and Paul Williams (7 Fame fiction titles). Print titles The right of Diana Bentley, Jon Blake, David Clayton, Julia Golding, David Grant, Dennis Hamley, Alison Hawes, Benjamin Hulme-Cross, Sylvia Karavis, Penny Kendal and Dee Reid to be identified as authors of the Rapid Plus texts has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Acknowledgements The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce their photographs. Activities: Rapid Plus 3a: Canals Word Knowledge: Fotolia / twoonealpha; Comprehension: Shutterstock / George Burba Rapid Plus 3a: How Embarrassing! Word Knowledge: Rex Features / Ken McKay; Comprehension: Rex Features / Ray Tang Rapid Plus 3a: Gum Word Knowledge: iStockPhoto.com / Izabela Habur; Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / Lise Gagne Rapid Plus 3a: History of Cool Word Knowledge: Alamy / Trinity Mirror / Mirrorpix; Comprehension (inferential): iStockPhoto.com / Craig Swatton Comprehension (literal): Getty Images / Walter Sanders Rapid Plus 3b: Fangs Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Cathy Keifer; Comprehension: Shutterstock / Rolandino Rapid Plus 3b: Man-eaters Word Knowledge: iStockPhoto.com / Nancy Nehring; Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / kristian sekulic Rapid Plus 3b: Raptors 33 Acknowledgements Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Ronnie Howard; Comprehension: Fotalia / Yakov Stavchansky Rapid Plus 3b: Roman Slaves Word Knowledge: iStockPhoto.com / Amanda Rohde; Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / Vladimir Maravic Rapid Plus 4a: History of Loos Word Knowledge and Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / Michael Courtney Rapid Plus 4a: Salt Word Knowledge: Corbis / Corbis Sports; Comprehension: Shutterstock / Jiri Hera Rapid Plus 4a: Scared Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Maria Dryfhout; Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / Sharon Dominick Rapid Plus 4a: Too Hot? Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / S J Francis; Comprehension: Shutterstock / AJP Rapid Plus 4b: Earthquakes Word Knowledge: Getty Images /Jewel Samad; Comprehension: Corbis / Corbis News Rapid Plus 4b: Tornadoes Word Knowledge: Getty Images /National Geographic; Comprehension: Photolibrary Rapid Plus 4b: Survival Word Knowledge: Corbis / Archival; Comprehension: Mary Evans Picture Library Rapid Plus 4b: The Worst Fire Word Knowledge: Press Association Images / AP; Comprehension: Getty Images / AFP / Torsten Blackwood Rapid Plus 5a: April Fool! Word Knowledge: All images courtesy of Paul Bailey of williamsfotos.co.uk; Comprehension: Getty Images / Keystone / Hulton Archive Rapid Plus 5a: Kung Fu Word Knowledge: Press Association Images / AP; Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / dondesigns Rapid Plus 5a: Really Big Lies Word Knowledge & Comprehension (Literature): Shutterstock / jovannig; Comprehension (Non-Fiction): Abagnale and Associates Rapid Plus 5a: The Wrong Man Word Knowledge & Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / Rtimages Rapid Plus 5b: Bridges Word Knowledge: Mary Evans Picture Library; Comprehension: Shutterstock / Sailor Rapid Plus 5b: Car Crime Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Dudarev Mikhail; Comprehension: Fotolia / photocreo Rapid Plus 5b: Hoaxers Word Knowledge: iStockPhoto.com / Emilie Duchesne; Comprehension: iStockPhoto.com / Mlenny Photography Rapid Plus 5b: Miracle Landings Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Dobresum; Comprehension: Shutterstock / Tyler Olson Rapid Plus 6a: Get the Message Word Knowledge: Pearson Education Ltd / Sophie Bluy; Comprehension: Getty Images / Photodisc Rapid Plus 6a: Hackers Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / IKO; Comprehension: Shutterstock / Paul Fleet Rapid Plus 6a: Viruses Attack! Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / MathaGraphics; Comprehension: Shutterstock / PzAxe, Shutterstock / wawritto 34 Acknowledgements Rapid Plus 6a: What’s the Password? Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Pedro Miguel Sousa; Comprehension: Shutterstock / Denis Vrublevski Rapid Plus 6b: 33 Brave Men Word Knowledge: Shutterstock / Dennis Donohue; Comprehension: PA Photos / Chilean Government Rapid Plus 6b: Simulation Word Knowledge: Alamy / Justin Leighton; Comprehension: Getty Images / AFP / Roslan Rahman Rapid Plus 6b: Space Facts Word Knowledge & Comprehension: Shutterstock / dezignor Rapid Plus 6b: Space Travel Word Knowledge & Comprehension: NASA Rapid Plus 7 Vikings: Up Helly Aa Literal Comprehension: Alamy Images / Dave Donaldson; Inferential Comprehension: Alamy Images / Roger Cracknell 01 / Classic; Non-fiction: Press Association / Andrew Milligan / PA Archive Rapid Plus 7 Vikings: Viking Weapons Literal Comprehension: FotoLibra / Mandy Collins; Inferential Comprehension: Photolibrary.com / John Coutts; Nonfiction: Getty Images / The Bridgeman Art Library Rapid Plus 7 Fame: Doubles Literal Comprehension: Getty Images / Ian Gavan; Inferential Comprehension: Getty Images / Stone +; Non-fiction: Shutterstock.com / PhotoStock10 Rapid Plus 7 Fame: Super Fans Literal Comprehension: iStockPhoto / cynoclub; Inferential Comprehension: Shutterstock.com / Szymon Apanowicz Rapid Plus 8 Crime: Dumb Criminals Literal Comprehension: Shutterstock.com / Uss Sergey Valentinovich; Inferential Comprehension: Alamy Images / Vario Images GmbH & Co. KG; Non-fiction: Shutterstock.com / Willie Cole Rapid Plus 8 Crime: Forensics Literal Comprehension & Non-fiction: Science Photo Library / Mauro Fermariello; Inferential Comprehension: Shutterstock.com / Alexander Vasilgev Rapid Plus 8 Ghosts: Buried Alive Literal Comprehension: iStockPhoto / © spxChrome; Inferential Comprehension: Getty Images / SuperStock; Nonfiction: Shutterstock.com / Fer Gregory Rapid Plus 8 Ghosts: Scared for Fun Literal Comprehension: Shutterstock.com / Michaela Stejskalova; Inferential Comprehension: Masterfile UK Ltd / Graham French; Non-fiction: Ronald Grant Archive Rapid Plus 9 Chillers: Dead Bodies Literal Comprehension: Shutterstock.com / Lichtmeister; Inferential Comprehension: Mary Evans Picture Library / Ronald Grant Archive; Non-fiction: Alamy Images / Mary Evans Picture Library Rapid Plus 9 Chillers: Running with Wolves Literal Comprehension & Non-fiction: Getty Images / National Geographic; Inferential Comprehension: Alamy Images / Alaska Stock Rapid Plus 9 Supernatural: Chain Reaction Literal Comprehension: Corbis / Bettmann; Inferential Comprehension: Kobal Collection / Columbia / Marvel; Nonfiction: Shutterstock.com / Myn-Jhee Rapid Plus 9 Supernatural: History of Angels Literal Comprehension: Corbis / Alfredo Dagli Orti / The Art Archive; Inferential Comprehension: Getty Images / Film Magic / Jason LaVeris; Non-fiction: Glow Images 35 Acknowledgements ebooks: Rapid Plus 3a: Canals Alamy Images: David Hoffman Photo Library 16, nobleIMAGES 1, 17, tradewinds 20; Fotolia.com: twoonealpha 21; iStockphoto: Elzbieta Sekowska 18; Press Association Images: Ian Nicholson / PA Archive 22; Rex Features: Neil Bird 23; Shutterstock.com: George Burba 15, Tramper 19 Cover images: Back: Rex Features: Neil Bird Rapid Plus 3a – How Embarrassing! FremantleMedia Image Library: 20; Getty Images: AFP 21; Rex Features: 15, c.ABC Inc / Everett 22-23, Ken McKay 16, 17, Ken McKay / ITV 1, 18, Ray Tang 19 Cover images: Back: Rex Features: Ray Tang Rapid Plus 3a: Gum Alamy Images: David Gee 23tr, Glowimages RM 16-17, imagebroker 23br, Justin Kase z10z 20; Corbis: LWA-Dann Tardif 23tl; iStockphoto: Izabela Habur 1, 16, Lise Gagne 15, Steve Shepard 17; Shutterstock.com: Ioannis Pantziaras 22, Peter Nadolski 18-19, Starcea Gheorghe Silviu 23bl Cover images: Back: Alamy Images: imagebroker Rapid Plus 3a: History of Cool Alamy Images: Image Source 19r, Trinity Mirror / Mirrorpix 1, 16-17, 22-23; DK Images: 21b; Getty Images: Maria TaglientiMolinari 15, Popperfoto 18, Tim Graham 20, Walter Sanders 17; iStockphoto: Craig Swatton 19l; Rex Features: Lynn McAlley 21t Cover images: Back: Alamy Images: Trinity Mirror / Mirrorpix Rapid Plus 3b Book 3 - Fangs Alamy Images: Eddie Linssen 23; Corbis: Photolibrary 20, Tom Walker 15; Moviestore Collection Ltd: 22; Photolibrary. com: DV 17, Joe McDonald 16; Science Photo Library Ltd: Jamie Chirinos 19; Shutterstock.com: Cathy Keifer 1, 21, Rolandino 18 Cover images: Back: Corbis: Tom Walker Rapid Plus 3b Book 4 - Man-eaters Fotalia: doublme 17; iStockphoto: Guenter Guni 16, kristian sekulic 1, 15, Nancy Nehring 20-21, Tom Grundy 22-23; Moviestore Collection Ltd: 18, 22; The Field Museum: 19, 23 Cover images: Back: iStockphoto: Guenter Guni Rapid Plus 3b: Raptors Alamy Images: Blickwinkel 21; Fotalia: Yakov Stavchansky 22; Photolibrary.com: John Fairclough 20, Juan Carlos Munoz 19, Rolf Nussbaumer 2, 16; Science Photo Library Ltd: Jim Zipp 23; Shutterstock.com: B.G Smith 17, Hunta 15, Ronnie Howard 18 Cover images: Back: Shutterstock.com: B.G Smith Rapid Plus 3b: Roman Slaves Alamy Images: World History Archive 19; Corbis: Bettmann 15t, 17l, 22-23, Bettmann 15t, 17l, 22-23, Bettmann 15t, 17l, 2223, Elio Ciol 1, 20, Ron Nickel 16bl, 17r, Sunset Boulevard 21; iStockphoto: Amanda Rohde 16tl, Evgueni Groisman 15b, Skip O Donnell 15c, Vladimir Maravic 16r Cover images: Back: Corbis: Bettmann Rapid Plus 4a: History of Loos Alamy Images: Chris Howes / Wild Places Photography 21, Clynt Garnham 26, North Wind Picture Archives 22; Getty Images: Bridgeman 25, Hulton Archive 24; iStockphoto: AlexMax 22-23, DNY59 24-25, Michael Courtney 31, Milan Vasicek 27; Kobal Collection Ltd: Film 4 30; Lee Abley: 1, 23; Urilift.com : 28, 29l, 29r; York Museums Trust : Yorkshire Museums 19 Cover images: Back: iStockphoto: Milan Vasicek Rapid Plus 4a: Salt 36 Acknowledgements Alamy Images: ArteSub 28, Aurora Photos 21, Jack Sullivan 23, Photoshot Holdings Ltd 30, Steve Morgan 26-27; Corbis: CorbisSports 20, ImageSource 24, ImageSource 24, Karen Kasmauski 1, 27; Shutterstock.com: Bernhard Richter 31, Jiri Hera 19, Joe Gough 25, Nickolay Vinokurov 28-29, Phase4Photography 22 Cover images: Back: Alamy Images: Photoshot Holdings Ltd Rapid Plus 4a: Scared Alamy Images: MARKA 20; Corbis: Bettman 24-25, ImageSource 30-31, Zefa 21; Getty Images: Stone 23, Taxi 26-27; iStockphoto: Eric Isselée 29, Sharon Dominick 19; Shutterstock.com: Anthony Hall 28-29, Maria Dryfhout 1, 22 Cover images: Back: Shutterstock.com: Maria Dryfhout Rapid Plus 4a: Too Hot? Alamy Images: amana images inc 22, JG Photography 19, John Rensten 28, mediablitzimages (uk) 1l, 21r, PhotosIndia. com LLC 27; iStockphoto: Ivar Teunissen 24-25; Press Association Images: AP 31; Shutterstock.com: AJP 20, Kurhan 29, leungchopan 23, Losevsky Pavel 30, S J Francis 26; Used by permission of Unilever: 1r, 21l Cover images: Back: Shutterstock.com: S J Francis Rapid Plus 4b: Earthquakes Corbis: Corbis News 20, 24-25t, Reuters 21, 22-23; Getty Images: Jean-Philippe Ksiazek 26-27, Jewel Samad 30-31, Joe Raedle 28-29, Juan Barreto 1, 24-25b, Mario Tama 26, Robyn Beck 19, Thomas Coex 31 Cover images: Back: Corbis: Corbis News Rapid Plus 4b: Tornadoes Alamy Images: ACE STOCK LIMITED 31, Emil Enchev 30, Mark Dean 23; Corbis: CorbisNews 24-25, 25; Getty Images: National Geographic 26; Photolibrary.com: 1, 19, 20-21, 21, 22, 28, 29 Cover images: Back: Corbis: CorbisNews Rapid Plus 4b: Survival Alamy Images: Norma Joseph 23, 25; Corbis: Archival 26-27, 30; Mary Evans Picture Library: 19br; iStockphoto: José Luis Gutiérrez 19tl; Royal Geographical Society with IBG: 1, 20, 21, 22-23, 24, 28-29, 31 Cover images: Back: Royal Geographical Society with IBG Rapid Plus 4b: The Worst Fire Alamy Images: Derrick Alderman 20-21, Will Steeley 21; Corbis: Reuters 24-25, Sygma 1, 23; Getty Images: Luis Ascui 31, National Geographic 22, Paul Crock 27, Stone 19, Torsten Blackwood 30; Press Association Images: 28-29, 29, Press association images 26 Cover images: Back: Getty Images: Torsten Blackwood Rapid Plus 5a: April Fool! Alamy Images: Peter Titmuss 1, 20; Burger King: 27; Cut2White: 21; Getty Images: Erik S. Lesser 30-31, GSO Images 24, Keystone / Hulton Archive 28, Nick Dolding 25; iStockphoto: Jacob Wackerhausen 28-29, Juan Estey 23b, Kurt Paris 22; Press Association Images: AP / Associated Press Photos 29; Shutterstock.com: Penka Todorova Vitkova 23t; Virgin Mobile: 26 Cover images: Back: Press Association Images: AP / Associated Press Photos Rapid Plus 5a: Kung Fu Alamy Images: Ed Thompson 25, Linda Richards 31; Corbis: Bettman 23, Wang Song / Xinhua Press 1, 20-21; Courtesy of Paul Bailey of williamsfotos.co.uk: 26-27, 28-29, 30; Getty Images: Blue Jean Images 24-25; iStockphoto: dondesigns 19; Moviestore Collection Ltd: 21, 22 Cover images: Back: Moviestore Collection Ltd Rapid Plus 5a: Really Big Lies Abagnale and Associates: 27; Alamy Images: Archive Pics 20; Getty Images: DigitalVision 19, Hulton Archive 21, Keystone-France 23, Robin Utrecht 25, Time Life Pictures 30, Timothy A. Clary / AFP 31; Moviestore Collection Ltd: 26-27; Press Association Images: AP / Press Association Images 1, 24, 28, 29; Shutterstock.com: jovannig 22-23 Cover images: Back: Getty Images: Time Life Pictures 37 Acknowledgements Rapid Plus 5a: The Wrong Man Alamy Images: samuel wordley 30; Mary Evans Picture Library: 22, 23, 24; Getty Images: George C. Beresford 20, 25l, Hulton Archive 1, 20-21, 25r, Michael Krasowitz 27; iStockphoto: RTimages 19, Yuriy Kirsanov 28; Newspix: Troy Rodgers 26; Press Association Images: AssociatedPressPhotos 29; Shutterstock.com: Robyn Mackenzie 31 Cover images: Back: Getty Images: Hulton Archive Rapid Plus 5b: Bridges Alamy Images: Skyscan Photolibrary 19, Tim Myers 1, 30-31, Tom Mc Nemar 23; Corbis: LARRY DOWNING / Reuters 29; Mary Evans Picture Library: 24-25, Illustrated London News Ltd 26-27; Ohio Historical Society: 22; Press Association Images: AP Photo / John Weeks III 28, Feng Zi / ColorChinaPhoto 21; Shutterstock.com: Sailor 20-21 Cover images: Back: Alamy Images: Skyscan Photolibrary Rapid Plus 5b: Car Crime Alamy Images: Image Source 20, Steve Lovegrove 26, Steven May 28; Fotolia.com: photocreo 21, Sergey Sukhorukov 27, wojtek 24, z 22; Pearson Education Ltd: Lord and Leverett 29; Shutterstock.com: Dudarev Mikhail 19, Oleksiy Mark 30; Simon Lidstone: 1, 31 Cover images: Back: Shutterstock.com: Dudarev Mikhail Rapid Plus 5b: Hoaxers Mary Evans Picture Library: 19, 21, College of Psychic Studies 20l, Peter Underwood 25, 26-27; iStockphoto: Emilie Duchesne 29, Mlenny Photography 1, 22-23, Nuno Silva 20r, Ugurhan Betin 24; Shutterstock.com: Cherevko 30-31, Perry Correll 28 Cover images: Back: iStockphoto: Ugurhan Betin Rapid Plus 5b: Miracle Landings British Airways: Newscast 1, 19b, 30-31; Getty Images: 23, 26-27, Geoffrey Clifford 22; iStockphoto: Albert Campbell 2223, chuwy 19t; Pearson Education Ltd: Photodisc / InterNetwork Media Inc. 21; Press Association Images: Jeff Moore / Jeff Moore / Empics Entertainment 28-29, Steven Day / AP / Press Association Images 27; Shutterstock.com: Dobresum 25, hunta 31, SVLuma 24-25, Tyler Olson 20-21 Cover images: Back: Getty Images: Geoffrey Clifford Rapid Plus 6a: Get the Message Comstock Images: 23; Fotolia.com: terex 27; Getty Images: Bloomberg 29, Fox Photos / Archive Photos 24, FPG / Archive Photos 21, Science & Society Picture 25l; iStockphoto: Jill Battaglia 19t; Motorola: Motorola 25r; National Archives and Records Administration (NARA): 20l; Pearson Education Ltd: Jules Selmes 28, Sophie Bluy 1, 19r, 31; PhotoDisc: 26; Shutterstock.com: cristi180884 22, Sue McDonald 20r, 30-31 Cover images: Back: Fotolia.com: terex Rapid Plus 6a: Hackers iStockphoto: Viktor Chornobay 28-29; Pearson Education Ltd: GarethBoden 22; Shutterstock.com: Borko Ciric 23t, carlos castilla 19, Dan Bannister 26-27, fotohunter 29, IKO 24-25, Knorre 21, Max Earey 23b, Mikael Damkier 20, Paul Fleet 31, Pixel 4 Images 1, 28, stavklem 20-21; Simon Lidstone: 25, 26 Cover images: Back: Shutterstock.com: Pixel 4 Images Rapid Plus 6a: Viruses Attack! 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