Review of energefics Endotherms and ectotherms Endotherms and
Transcription
Review of energefics Endotherms and ectotherms Endotherms and
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Glycerol 0.008 J*""K$)+&2'6"*5)-"&5)1&$)2'6"*5)-"& •!!c%$$7$!+2-$%(#0$!,.!(!*$+(<2-,0(--'!I01$(3$%J!.+%(+$&'P!,+!$#.5%$.!(! .1(%3!)$0-,#$!,#!*$+(<2-,0!%(+$!)5%,#&!02-)!.3$--.!(#)!(?2,).!+1$!#$$)! +2!.'#+1$.,7$!(#64%$$7$!*2-$05-$.D! •!!c%$$7$!,#+2-$%(#0$!*('!<$!+1$!<$.+!.+%(+$&'!,#!+1$%*(--'!?(%,(<-$! $#?,%2#*$#+.e!,+!(--2=.!+1$!(<,-,+'!+2!.=,+01!<$+=$$#!(06?$!(#)! ,#(06?$!.+(+$.!_5,+$!%$(),-'D! •!!d2=$?$%K!4%$$7$!,#+2-$%(#+!(#,*(-.!(%$!.5<q$0+!+2!+1$!02#.+(#+!+1%$(+! 24!,0$!#50-$(62#e!,4!,0$!%(3,)-'!42%*.!,#!+1$!<2)'!0(?,+'!,#!(#! 5#02#+%2--$)!*(##$%K!)$(+1!=25-)!%$.5-+D! •!!A(#'!2?$%=,#+$%,#&!,#.$0+.!(%$!#2+!%$(--'!4%$$7$!+2-$%(#+!2%!,#+2-$%(#+! <$0(5.$!+1$'!),$!4%2*!01,--!,#q5%'!=$--!(<2?$!4%$$7,#&!32,#+D! 806?,+'!(#)!*$+(<2-,.*! A$+(<2-,.*!;5.$!24!89:>!.$+.!-,*,+!+2!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!*(/,*5*!32=$%!25+35+!)$3$#).!2#!)5%(62#! 24!(06?,+'P! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Ectotherms – especially vertebrate endotherms – are ‘sprinters’: they are not endurance athletes. They cannot sustain intense activity. So, no flying, no long-distance running, etc. Endotherms can do both sprint and endurance exercise. Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! Q,*,+.!+2!.5.+(,#(<-$!(06?,+'! “Regular” marathon: 42 km (26.2 miles) Badwater Ultramarathon •! Badwater in Death Valley (-280 feet) to Mt. Whitney Portal (8,000 feet) •! 216 km (135 miles) •! held in July (when Death Valley temperatures are 115-125 °F) •! run NON-STOP! “Regular” marathon: 42 km (26.2 miles) Badwater Ultramarathon •! Badwater in Death Valley (-280 feet) to Mt. Whitney Portal (8,000 feet) •! 216 km (135 miles) •! held in July (when Death Valley temperatures are 115-125 °F) •! run NON-STOP! L#"*5+"!$#$%&'!02.+.! L#"*5+"!$#$%&'!02.+.! c2%!(!=,)$!%(#&$!24!(#,*(-.K!+1$!(?$%(&$!%(+$!24!$#$%&'! 5.$!;U0(-a)('>!,.!P(&+(Q(R(+1$!*,#,*5*!*$+(<2-,0!%(+$! ;.0(-$.!+2!*(..![D^E>!M!5&4"5.B*"&'(&(''1&*"MB$*"4")2.! c2%!(!=,)$!%(#&$!24!(#,*(-.K!+1$!(?$%(&$!%(+$!24!$#$%&'! 5.$!;U0(-a)('>!,.!P(&+(Q(R(+1$!*,#,*5*!*$+(<2-,0!%(+$! ;.0(-$.!+2!*(..![D^E>!M!5&4"5.B*"&'(&(''1&*"MB$*"4")2.! •! !+%5$!42%!<2+1!$0+2+1$%*.!(#)!$#)2+1$%*.! •! !%$b$0+.!(#)!(#,*(-J.!F-,4$.+'-$GL! •! !+%5$!42%!<2+1!$0+2+1$%*.!(#)!$#)2+1$%*.! •! !%$b$0+.!(#)!(#,*(-J.!F-,4$.+'-$GL! •! J+D!,#!.-2+1.!;(<25+!B!6*$.!OAr>! •! S-$6!,#!I(+1-$+$.J!;(<25+!^!6*$.!OAr!,#!.2*$!?$%'!(06?$!.*(--! *(**(-.!(#)!<,%).>! •! I)2*$.60(+$)J!15*(#.!,#!)$?$-23$)!025#+%,$.P!(<25+!`DECB! 6*$.!OAr! •! N$+3".2&A'..$C6"!42%!15*(#.!;32-(%!+%$UU$%.K!$+0D>P!(<25+!E! 6*$.!OAr!2?$%!*(#'!)('.& J+D!,#!.-2+1.!;(<25+!B!6*$.!OAr>! This •!requires making and using about •! S-$6!,#!I(+1-$+$.J!;(<25+!^!6*$.!OAr!,#!.2*$!?$%'!(06?$!.*(--! 200 kilograms of ATP per day! *(**(-.!(#)!<,%).>! •! I)2*$.60(+$)J!15*(#.!,#!)$?$-23$)!025#+%,$.P!(<25+!`DECB! 6*$.!OAr! •! N$+3".2&A'..$C6"!42%!15*(#.!;32-(%!+%$UU$%.K!$+0D>P!(<25+!E! 6*$.!OAr!2?$%!*(#'!)('.&