Best Practice Guide towards Tachograph Systems Compliance
Transcription
Best Practice Guide towards Tachograph Systems Compliance
A Best Practice Guide towards Tachograph Systems Compliance www.soe.org.uk SOE (Society of Operations Engineers) is a professional membership organisation that represents some 17,000 individuals and companies in engineering. It supports and encourages members throughout their careers and is committed to their ongoing growth and personal development. Through a network of trustees, industry partners and members, SOE promotes best practice in operational and health and safety initiatives. SOE offers members continuous professional development and support throughout their careers, providing definitive recognition for both achievement and status. The organisation is a Licensed Member of ECUK and can nominate members for ECUK registration at EngTech, IEng and CEng levels. SOE represents the Professional Sectors IRTE, IPlantE and BES and also runs the irtec Licensing Scheme. IRTE (Institute of Road Transport Engineers), one of the most respected names in UK transport, has always been recognised as an impartial voice of the industry. IRTE publishes an industry-leading technical journal, Transport Engineer, every month. Transport Engineer is renowned for its incisive coverage of key issues, authoritative reporting, news analysis and informed comment. IRTE also hosts regular technical seminars and forums and works alongside the DfT to promote efficiency and best practice. Recent events include trips and falls from vehicles, truck operation, fuel efficiency and the Road Safety Act. IRTE’s technical committee also produces regular industry guidance on key topics. Recent publications include Roadworthiness: Industry Best Practice, Coupling or Uncoupling & Parking of Large Goods Vehicle Trailers and Tail Lift – Specification Guide for Road Vehicles. IRTE members come from a wide variety of transport-related roles. These include workshop managers, fleet engineers, transport managers, company directors, apprentices and technicians in the light and heavy goods vehicle and bus and coach sectors. For more information about IRTE technical activities please contact [email protected] This guide was first published by the SOE in March 2008 ISBN: 978-0-9555685-2-7 Author: Gordon Humphreys Editor: David Jones Design: Hazel Tufton Guide Coordinator: Sarah Prest © 2008 Society of Operations Engineers Contents SECTION PAGE Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 Management/Supervisors/Traffic Planners/Office Staff ....................................................... 7 Drivers ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Chart/download management and analysis ....................................................................... 10 Chart analysis ......................................................................................................................... 13 Digital issues ........................................................................................................................... 15 Other issues ............................................................................................................................ 17 About the author/Useful telephone numbers ..................................................................... 18 Other IRTE Publications ........................................................................................................ 19 Picture credits Pages 4, 10 and 11 – Stoneridge Electronics Ltd – www.stoneridgeelectronics.info All other pictures in this booklet are from istockphoto.com Introduction The purpose of this guide is to give an indication of what your tachograph systems should include for you to protect your Operator’s Licence. In an industry of litigation and prosecution, operators cannot afford to fall short of Court and Traffic Commissioner expectations. As they endeavour to work within the EC Drivers’ Hours and Tachograph Regulations, and the Road Transport (Working Time) Directive, operators can still be vulnerable to prosecution if one of their drivers is involved in an incident. Merely having systems in place will not prevent a prosecution or provide a defence. To ensure compliance, systems must be monitored and, if necessary, action taken. Included in this guide are guidelines on how to meet expectations. Operators’ liabilities of undertakings are set out within EC Regulation 561/2006, which came into effect on 11th April 2007. Their ‘Liability of Undertaking’ is set out in Article 10, Paragraphs 1 & 2, and states: 4 “1. A transport undertaking shall not give drivers it employs or who are put at its disposal any payment, even in the form of a bonus or wage supplement, related to distances travelled and/or the amount of goods carried if that payment is of such a kind as to endanger road safety and/or encourages infringement of this Regulation. 2. A transport undertaking shall organise the work of drivers referred to in paragraph 1 in such a way that the drivers are able to comply with Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 and Chapter II of this Regulation. The transport undertaking shall properly instruct the driver and shall make regular checks to ensure that Regulation (EEC) No 3821/85 and Chapter II of this Regulation are complied with.” These broad statements give no specific guidance on what, for example, a “regular” check comprises. However, guidance is available on the actions expected of the operator. These are stated in Transport Tribunal, Alison Jones L56, which concluded: Introduction (continued) “In our view the statutory undertaking requires more than to set up adequate systems and then leave them to run themselves. What is required is constant supervision and monitoring to ensure that the systems work. In other words I direct myself to the efficacy (the effectiveness) of the system to detect drivers’ hours and tachograph offences and the resulting action taken as a consequence of such findings” Again, this statement does not provide specific methods on how to comply with your statutory undertakings. However, it does set out that the onus is on the operator to detect the offence and resolve problems. Article 10(3) of EC Regulation 561/2006 places further onus on the operator, as an offence committed by a driver in their employ may also result in the operator being equally guilty. Article 10(3) states that: The Department for Transport Response to the Consultation Paper of EC Regulation 561/2006 states that a company must be able to prove they have systems in place for: • Regular training (for drivers this will also be covered in the Driver’s CPC from 2009) • Scheduling work in compliance with the rules • Checking and monitoring compliance • Taking appropriate action in cases of non-compliance This Guide will summarise what these systems should entail. “A transport undertaking shall be liable for infringements committed by drivers of the undertaking, even if the infringement was committed on the territory of another Member State or a third country. Without prejudice to the right of Member States to hold transport undertakings fully liable, Member States may make this liability conditional on the undertaking's infringement of paragraphs 1 and 2. Member States may consider any evidence that the transport undertaking cannot reasonably be held responsible for the infringement committed.” In summary, if the system in place does not fulfil your obligations then you may also be guilty of any offence committed by a driver. 5 6 Management/Supervisors/Traffic Planners/Office Staff Management, Supervisors, Traffic Planners and Office Staff have a legal obligation to organise drivers’ work so they can comply with regulations and must ensure drivers are properly instructed. Therefore, those planning drivers’ work must fully understand and schedule the work in accordance with the law. Operators must not allow a driver to schedule their own work. Summing up, when reviewing Management/Office Staff, companies should have systems in place to: 1 Assess the individual’s knowledge and take corrective action should weaknesses be found 2 Provide appropriate training 3 Provide ongoing retraining and assessment Whether or not office staff have industry awareness before employment, operators must assess their knowledge and train them in the law they must apply when scheduling drivers’ work. Operators should have on-going training processes to ensure law changes, or changes in the interpretation of law, are taken into account. Proof of knowledge obtained from training seminars and/or assessments should be recorded. 4 Review drivers’ offences for any weakness in scheduling and control 5 Implement necessary disciplinary processes and/or re-education/training. For management/supervisors etc, operators should assess the nature of offences committed by drivers in their employ. Offences must be reviewed to determine if a driver failure caused them, or if office staff failed to organise work in a way that enabled the driver to comply with law. When proven that a member of office staff caused the offence, either directly or indirectly, then as with drivers (to be covered later) operators must take appropriate steps, via re-training and/or disciplinary processes, to prevent the repetition of the offence. 7 Drivers Drivers, because of their work, are often remote from their companies. However, operators must still show proper control over drivers’ actions and must instruct them in a way that ensures compliance. Due to this remote aspect, drivers MUST have full knowledge of the legislation. Consequently, operators must conduct a proper assessment of drivers’ knowledge. 8 Despite a driver having, for example, twenty years LGV/PCV experience, this does not necessarily mean they are compliant with the EC Drivers’ Hours and Tachograph Regulations. Operators must assess drivers’ knowledge to determine any areas of weakness. Best Practice dictates this assessment is undertaken before the driver works on your behalf. Failure to identify weaknesses in the Drivers (continued) driver’s knowledge, which subsequently lead to offences, will mean that the system is not sufficiently robust. If weakness is identified, it should be addressed and any action taken should be logged as proof, e.g. education/training. A further obligation for operators is that drivers are formally trained in the EC Drivers’ Hours and Tachograph Regulations. Such training should be monitored, controlled and preferably undertaken before any driving. Proper records of training courses attended should be kept within the driver records. And vitally, operators must ensure those conducting the training have a proper knowledge of the law. Failure to ensure this may lead to drivers being misinformed, potentially causing offences. Processes and timetables should also be put in place to ensure all drivers undergo regular re-training, as well as specific training, when there are changes to interpretation of legislation, or new regulations. Finally, if drivers commit an offence it is essential that corrective action be put in place. Such action should include retraining and, where appropriate, written advice. Any action must be logged and documented along with proof of receipt by the driver. There must also be a disciplinary process linked to the EC Drivers’ Hours and Tachograph offences. Failure to have appropriate disciplinary processes may allow a driver to continue offending. As such, the operators’ obligation (to prevent a repetition of the offence) is not adhered to. In conclusion, the following processes must be in place for drivers: 1 Assessment of driver’s Regulations knowledge before employment (for existing drivers who have not been assessed, it should be undertaken when implementing your internal tachograph procedures). 2 All drivers should have weaknesses identified and addressed, via assessment, before any driving is undertaken. 3 All drivers should preferably be trained before driving commences. Where this is not practical, the operator should take full control of the driver’s hours worked and driven until training is complete. 4 Records of all training and assessments should be logged and documented. 5 A full and proper process should be in place to ensure necessary retraining, written advice and disciplinary action is taken to ensure drivers improve or are dismissed - should sufficient improvement not be forthcoming. Ensure that as with any disciplinary action all procedures meet the requirements of employment law. 9 Chart/download management and analysis The criteria for this section is to ensure relevant processes are in place to issue drivers with the correct type of chart or roll of paper for digital tachographs, and to make sure all records are received, stored and analysed as appropriate. With respect to managing records, the following processes/checks should be in place: 1 It is necessary to determine the types of tachograph in the fleet of vehicles. Not all tachographs use the same type of chart and it is the operator’s responsibility to issue the correct type of chart. To do this, establish the make and model of the tachograph and therefore the type of chart to be used. It is advisable to keep a record of this. 2 It is essential to ensure that operators have sufficient stock of each type of chart or digital roll and a suitable stock monitoring and re-order process. 3 It is necessary to establish which drivers have driven on which dates and where applicable, which vehicle was driven. If records are missing this will identify the drivers responsible. Action can then be taken to recover records at the earliest available opportunity. 4 Best Practice processes ensure drivers have been issued with a sufficient number and the correct type of chart, and their issue is recorded. 5 There must be a record of return to ensure that all charts are returned, including all dirty or damaged charts, as prescribed by legislation. 6 The return of charts should be cross- referenced with the record of drivers 10 working to ensure drivers return charts for each working day, i.e. they have not used un-issued charts to record working periods that subsequently are not submitted. 7 Records must be kept of all drivers’ downloads of digital cards. This should identify the last download date and Chart/download management and analysis (continued) ensure driver downloads are undertaken at appropriate intervals, which may be less than the minimum legal requirement of twenty-eight days. 8 Downloads for Best Practice should be undertaken at regular intervals, preferably on a weekly basis where this is practical. This ensures that any offences are identified and acted upon at the earliest opportunity. The resulting downloads should be checked to ensure there is a record for each day worked to identify, at the earliest opportunity, whether the vehicle was driven without a digital card inserted. 9 If records are missing, e.g. missing charts or driver downloads, operators must obtain manual records for the analogue charts from the driver for the work they have done. For those with missing digital records, if possible the driver should produce a printout from the vehicle unit from the start and end of their shift. Failure to do so will leave gaps in the driver’s work record, meaning that rest periods and working time records are inaccurate. With reference to scheduled work, drivers should make manual records, using any timed documentation, e.g. fuel receipts, gate logs, weighbridge tickets, to prove times shown are accurate. The same process should be undertaken if charts are stolen, in addition to the crime reference number that should be stored with the manual record. 10 If drivers regularly fail to return charts or download digital smart cards, operators should act appropriately to prevent a repetition of the offence. This may require disciplinary action. 11 Vehicle Units: These should be downloaded regularly. Dependent upon the operation, these downloads should be undertaken every three months as a minimum but preferably every four to six weeks, or earlier. This is because downloads contain important information about vehicles’ over-speeding, movements without a digital card and other major events or faults that may require immediate attention. 12 The operator should undertake further checks to ensure there is no missing mileage. Charts are better stored by vehicle so continuity of odometer readings and recordings can be checked whilst filing. Where drivers use more than one vehicle a day, a copy of the chart should be filed with each vehicle’s records. 11 Chart/download management and analysis (continued) 13 All vehicle units and driver card downloads should be stored in a format that can be made available for any investigating authority. 14 Records must be stored for at least twelve months to comply with EC Drivers’ Hours and Tachograph Regulations. 15 If operators use charts/downloads to show compliance with the Working Time Directive, the recordings must be stored for two years from the end of the reference period. 16 Drivers should retain at all times the analogue tachograph charts for the current day, any charts for the twenty- 12 eight calendar days before the current day, plus any digital printouts taken over the same period, i.e. the current day and the previous twenty-eight calendar days. They should also retain their digital driver card if they have one, even if it was not used during this period or has never been used. As a maximum, the driver cannot hold charts that are in excess of forty-two days old. 17 If a driver is off work for a lengthy period, the operator is advised to issue them with a letter detailing the dates they were absent from work. The company’s contact details should be noted so enforcement authorities can verify information. Chart analysis 1 Whether the chart analysis is undertaken internally or externally, analysts must be trained to examine records accurately. In other words, they must not merely transfer the data from the record sheet onto the computer and then believe the task is complete. Analysts must interpret records in conjunction with other data. 2 If analysis is substandard, by way of inputting data or because software is unable to meet the complexities of the legislation, then operators will still be liable. Furthermore, if operators are not clear about their expectations and standards for analysis, they will be liable. Tom McCartney, Traffic Commissioner for the North East, stated in the Annual Traffic Commissioners’ Report that “Failure to carry out full analysis of tachograph charts should not be countenanced by any reputable firm. Failure to carry out a full analysis of tachograph charts is akin to carrying out the safety inspection of vehicles, while ignoring the braking system of vehicles, something that would never be contemplated by any decent firm”. 3 Therefore, the onus is on operators to ensure compliance of law through analysis. A reputable firm will undertake regular audits of the analysis, either externally or internally. 4 When analysing records it is important to look at: • How often charts are analysed • The turn-round time for analysis, from receipt of charts from the driver through to the completion and return of analysis • The percentage of charts to be analysed. This may vary as certain drivers undertake work where the law is unlikely to be broken. However, where the driver undertakes work where offending is possible, operators should view a 100% analysis as best practice • The accuracy of the analysis - which should also be audited. 5 Operators should review and have set systems in place when presenting offences to drivers: • An appropriate individual with specific knowledge should review all offences before presenting them to the driver • Where appropriate a copy of the driver’s record should be made available and the offence highlighted for easier understanding • All offences should be presented to the driver • All drivers should sign to acknowledge that the offences were explained to them. The company representative presenting the offence(s) should also sign, in addition to noting any comments made by either party with respect to the offence or advice given • Operators must also have corrective procedures in place to ensure drivers do not continue repeating the offences. These include: a) Re-education/training courses – logged and documented b) Educational literature, specific to the driver’s needs c) A documented disciplinary process that will result in dismissal if the driver does not improve sufficiently to meet the required standard. 13 Chart analysis (continued) 6 Operators should consider other documentation to compare against the tachograph records, whether digital or analogue. For example, a comparison should be made of tachograph charts against a driver’s time sheet, job sheet, clock card or other similar document. These should be reviewed to determine whether claimed hours on one document match periods recorded on the tachograph chart or digital record. Where there is a difference, it is necessary to determine which record is correct. If there is missing time from the tachograph chart or digital record, this may hide an offence and may constitute failing to keep a proper record, or making a record that was known to be false. 14 Digital issues The four cards used in digital tachographs are: 1. Company Card 2. Driver Card 3. Control Card 4. Workshop Card 1 Company Card These cards are issued to the company for the purpose of: • Identifying the company • Allowing for the display, download and printing of company related data (remember the Company Card must be in the tachograph head to fulfil these functions) • Allowing data on the Vehicle Unit to be locked in or locked out – It is recommended that on the vehicle’s receipt, the tachograph head be locked into your company. On the return/sale of the vehicle the tachograph head can be locked out to prevent other operators accessing your information A record should be kept of the Company Card numbers and of who holds the cards. 2 Driver Card These are cards issued personally to each individual driver and must be applied for from the DVLA. a) The Company should make a regular check (every six months) of the digital cards to ensure: • The driver’s card number remains the same • The driver has not replaced the card without company knowledge • The card has not expired Each card is valid for no more than five years and the driver must apply for a replacement within fifteen calendar days of its expiry. b) If a driver has never applied for a digital card, or is waiting for their first card, they are not permitted to drive a vehicle with a digital tachograph. c) If the card is lost/stolen/damaged or malfunctions drivers can continue to drive a digital tachograph vehicle for up to fifteen days. However, they must apply for a replacement card within seven days and the relevant authority should issue the new card within five working days. The driver may be required to collect a replacement card in person from the local VOSA testing centre. Whilst defective, the driver must take a printout from the vehicle unit at the start and end of each shift. These records should be kept as though they were tachograph charts and submitted to the company for retention and analysis. IMPORTANT – Drivers must retain any printout taken for the required period. It must also be returned to the company as though it were a tachograph chart. If the card is found after being reported lost or stolen, under no circumstances should it be used, as a replacement will already be issued. d) Once issued, drivers should carry their card with them at all times, even when driving a vehicle with an analogue tachograph and even if the driver never used the digital card. e) Cards should be inserted into the tachograph head before commencement of driving. Digital tachographs are not a 15 Digital issues (continued) ‘push and go’ system and drivers must be trained in their use to: • Make manual entries, i.e. work done either before insertion of the card or after removal or between vehicles if changing vehicles during the shift • Know when and how to take printouts • Change times and many other processes Failure to provide training may result in drivers having incomplete records, which is an offence. 16 3 Control Card These are used by enforcement personnel to allow identification of the control body for reading, printing and/or downloading from digital tachographs. 4 Workshop Card These are not for use by operator’s workshops, but for approved individuals within calibration centres to activate, calibrate and download data from digital tachographs. Other issues 1 As well as time sheets, operators may also consider other timed documentation, e.g. gate logs, fuel receipts or weighbridge tickets, for comparison to drivers’ records to confirm the accuracy of the chart or download. 2 Wage records should be checked to ensure drivers are not paid in a way that is illegal, i.e. bonuses or wage supplements that may be considered an inducement for drivers to offend. In addition, hours records should be verified to ensure drivers only work legislated hours and are not claiming hours worked which could not be undertaken legally. where applicable, together with the record of inspection sheet - a copy of which should be given to the vehicle operator. Furthermore, both the driver and operator are responsible for correct working of the tachograph head. If a defect is found, the repair must be carried out as soon as possible. Whilst defective, drivers must make manual records of their activity and, if possible, take printouts from the digital tachograph for retention. 3 Agency Drivers: Although the onus is on the agency to provide drivers who have taken required rest periods, it is Best Practice for operators to check drivers’ records before they commence employment. Similarly, operators should ensure drivers understand regulations, company procedures and that they sign a declaration to confirm this. If it is found, on receipt of driver records from the agency, that a driver has breached regulations, the agency should be notified. Drivers should not be employed until it is proven they took appropriate training and education to prevent a repetition of the offence. 4 Calibration and repairs: Both analogue and digital tachograph heads must be calibrated. Systems should be in place for each tachograph head fitted to undergo calibration checks every two years from the date of manufacture. Every six years they should undergo a full calibration. All calibrations must be undertaken by an approved calibration centre that should retain test charts, 17 About the author The author, Gordon J F Humphreys, is a Senior Tachograph Consultant for Foster Tachographs, a division of Rainkine Thompson Limited. He is an Associate Member of the SOE (Society of Operations Engineers), an Associate Member of the IRTE (Institute of Road Transport Engineers) and is a graduate in Government and Public Policy (BA Hons). Involved in tachographs for over twenty years, Gordon Humphreys is recognised as a leading expert in the forensic analysis of tachograph charts, EC Driver’s Hours and Tachograph Regulations, Road Transport Working Time Regulations and Tachograph Systems Compliance. He has worked on many high profile cases for both defence and prosecution, including those involving Corporate Manslaughter and Conspiracy. He has given evidence at many Public Inquiries and Court cases throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. Based upon this knowledge and experience, Gordon advises various transport operators on appropriate systems for their organisation - advice designed to meet the expectations of Courts and Traffic Commissioners. The summary of these systems is given in this guide to help aid your compliance. Foster Tachographs, A Division of Rainkine Thompson Ltd, 44 Lower Market Street, Broadbottom, Hyde, Cheshire SK14 6AA Useful telephone numbers ACTIA ................................................................................. DEPARTMENT FOR TRANSPORT FOSTER TACHOGRAPHS ................................................ .......................................................... IRTE (INSTITUTE OF ROAD TRANSPORT ENGINEERS) RAINKINE THOMPSON LIMITED SIEMENS VDO 18 .................................................. ...................................................................... STONERIDGE ELECTRONICS VOSA ....................... 01686 611150 020 7944 8300 01772 655155 020 7630 1111 01457 767309 0121 326 1234 .................................................... 0871 700 7070 ................................................................................. 0870 606 0440 Other IRTE publications Roadworthiness Guide IRTE Guide to Tipper Stability The guide, written by the North Western Goods Vehicle Maintenance Liaison Committee and supported by North West Traffic Commissioner Beverley Bell, is intended to assist vehicle operators and managers regardless of fleet size, to improve their vehicle maintenance controls and standards. Essential guidance for those wishing to implement best practice when operating tipping vehicles or tipper trailers. Tail Lift – Specification Guide for Road Vehicles Guidance for manufacturers, specifiers, installers, suppliers and users of tail lifts as to the safety issues associated with tail lift installations. A simple guide for Tail Lift Operators This guide provides some basic information and highlights the user’s legal responsibilities in the use, maintenance and examination of tail lifts. It is written in a simple question and answer format and is intended to be used as a basic guide to clarify current legislation that applies to tail lifts and tail lift manufacturers’ recommendations. Coupling or Uncoupling and Parking of Large Goods Vehicle Trailers The IRTE code of practice is aimed at managers, supervisors and trainers but has good advice for everyone who has responsibility for the safety of large goods vehicles and drivers. ‘Wheel Loss – No Longer a Mystery’ booklet The SOE’s guide to wheel loss is based on BS AU50 Part 2 section 7a (1995). The guide explains the mechanisms of wheel loss and provides helpful best practice guidance to assist those specifying and maintaining commercial vehicles to reduce wheel loss incidents. ‘Guide to Wheel Security’ Poster – The associated quick reference poster for the ‘Wheel loss – No longer a mystery’ booklet All these guides can be downloaded from www.soe.org.uk. To order hard copies of any of these publications please contact the technical services department at [email protected] or telephone 020 7630 1111. IRTE is a professional sector of SOE (Society of Operations Engineers). Sponsor IRTE thanks the following company for their support in publishing this guide. Stoneridge Electronics Ltd, formerly Veeder-Root, is an international provider of superior products, services and expertise within the commercial vehicle aftermarket. With a long history in the tachograph business and a huge worldwide service network we are in a unique position when it comes to understanding our users and providing a product that meets their every need. Stoneridge Electronics Ltd Claverhouse Industrial Estate Dundee DD4 9UB Tel: +44 871 700 7070 Fax: +44 870 887 9241 www.stoneridgeelectronics.info www.optac.info IRTE is a Professional Sector of SOE 22 Greencoat Place, London SW1P 1PR. Tel: 020 7630 1111 Website: www.soe.org.uk Email: [email protected] Registered Charity No.1081753 Registered in England Company No: 3667147