Chemical Services

Transcription

Chemical Services

DISCOVER WHY MOST
PULP AND PAPER
COMPANIES CHOOSE
ECONOTECH FOR ALL
THEIR TESTING NEEDS
ECONOTECH
STANDARD
SERVICE LIST
March 2012
Econotech Services Ltd.
852 Derwent Way
Delta, British Columbia
Canada
V3M 5R1
Tel: 604.526.4221
Toll Free: 1.800.463.5700
Fax: 604.526.1898
Email:[email protected]
Website:www.econotech.com
Version: March 2012
Econotech Services Ltd. 852 Derwent Way, Delta, British Columbia, Canada, V3M 5R1
Tel: 604.526.4221 Toll Free: 1.800.463.5700 Fax: 604.526.1898 www.econotech.com
General Inquiries
604-526-4221
[email protected]
Department
Contact
Email
Phone
Pulping Analytical
Chemistry
Thomas Yuen
[email protected]
604.529.2834
Contaminant
Identification
Eric Chao
[email protected]
604.529.2833
Environmental & AOX
Jodi Murphy
[email protected]
604.529.2808
Pulping and Bleaching
Studies
Sabrina Burkhardt
[email protected]
604.529.2804
Pulp and Paper Testing
Sandra Fodor
[email protected]
604.529.2814
Microscopy
Jodi Murphy
[email protected]
604.529.2808
Dissolving Pulp
Evaluation
Sabrina Burkhardt
[email protected]
604.529.2804
Reburned Lime
Analyzer
Jacquie Stanley
[email protected]
604.529.2800
Call us today
Version: March 2012
Page 2
Chemical Services
Contact: Thomas Yuen
[email protected]
604.529.2834
A
Acetone extractives
Acid insolubles
Acid insoluble ash (free carbon)
Acidity or alkalinity, pulp
Alkali resistant cellulose (by calculation)
Alpha, Beta, Gamma cellulose
Ash @ 525°C, @ 725°C, @ 1000°C
Ash fusion temperature (oxidizing or reducing atmosphere )
B
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD, pulp and liquor
C
Carbon, fixed
Carboxyl functional group content
Carboxyl and aldehyde functional group content
Carbohydrates (wood sugars: (arabinan, xylan, mannan, glactan, glucan)
Caustic solubility, 1% 100°C
Caustic solubility, 10% 25°C
Caustic solubility, 18% 25°C (hemicellulose)
Caustic solubility, 21.5%, 25°C
Caustic solubility, 20°C
Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, pulp and liquor
Chloride, water soluble
Chloride
Chromium, hexavalent
Conductivity
Consistency, pulp suspensions
Copper number
D
Dichloromethane extractables (DCM)
E
Ethanol extractables
Ether extractables
Version: March 2012
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Chemical Services
[email protected]
604.529.2834
F
Formaldehyde, (7 standard, specific and international methods)
Formaldehyde, free emulsion polymers
H
Hemicellulose (see Caustic Solubility)
K
Kappa number
Klason lignin
L
Lignin:
Klason in wood, bleached and unbleached pulps
Soluble lignin
Residual in bleached, dissolving grade pulps
M
Metals:
Routine metals in wood, pulp and lime (23 elements):
Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni,
P, K, Si, Na, Sr, Ti, V, Zn
Optional metals: B, Hg, Se, Th
By element: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb
Organo silicone
Moisture (oven dry method)
P
Pentosans
Permanganate number (K number)
pH (cold)
pH (hot)
Pitch, detrimental in pulp
Potential tall oil in wood (includes grinding)
Potential turpentine in wood
Version: March 2012
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Chemical Services
[email protected]
604.529.2834
R
Residual lignin, bleached dissolving grade pulps
S
Slime test (presence/absence)
Sodium (total, washable and bound sodium)
Solubility, 10% KOH
Surface pH
Starch
Sulfate, water soluble
Sulfur, (total)
Sulfur, reducible (TRS)
Sulfur, total and bound
V
Viscosity, 0.5% CED
Viscosity, 0.5% CED moisture teller method
Viscosity, 1% ball fall
Viscosity, level off intrinsic (LOIV)
Viscosity, intrinsic/degree of polymerization
W
Water solubility of wood, pulp & paper (hot & cold pH)
Water soluble chloride
Water soluble sulfate
Version: March 2012
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Chemical Services
[email protected]
604.529.2834
All Liquors
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD
Boiling Point
Carbohydrates (wood sugars: arabinan, xylan, mannan, galactan,
glucan)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Chlorides
Metals:
Routine metals for liquors (24 elements)
Optional metals (Hg, Se, Th)
By element (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb)
Soluble (dissolved) metals
Sulfur, Total
White, Green Liquor and Smelt
ABC titration
Active alkali
Effective alkali
Total titratable alkali
Sulfidity, ABC Titration
Causticity, ABC Titration
Na2S
Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfite and sodium thiosulfate
Polysulfide sulfur
Black Liquor
Active alkali/effective alkali
Total alkali, conductometric
Total titratable alkali
Anthraquinone
Ash @ 600°C
Ash, sulfated, organic/inorganic ratio
Boiling point rise
Calorific Value, Parr Calorimeter/Higher Heating Value (HHV)
Density (weak and strong black liquor)
Fiber content
Version: March 2012
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Chemical Services
Contact: Tom Yuen
[email protected]
604.529.2834
Black Liquor (continued)
Lignin, UV
Oxalate
Tall oil content
Thermal value, black liquor solids
Solids, total, oven drying, weak and strong black liquor
Swelling characteristics, dry liquor solids
Viscosity @ various temperature levels Viscosity curve @ 90°C, 100°C, 110°C
Viscosity, sample preparation to various solids levels
Microanalysis, elemental analysis
C,H,N,O
Sulfur, S
Chloride, Cl
Sodium, Na
Potassium, K
Inerts (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Si)
Anions
Sulfide
Carbonate
Oxalate
Thiosulfate
Sulfite
Sulfite and sodium thiosulfate
Sulfate
Chlorine Compounds
Cl-, ClO2-, ClO3- in bleach solutions
Version: March 2012
Page 7
Chemical Services
Contact: Tom Yuen
[email protected]
604.529.2834
Condensate
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH)
Methyl disulfide (CH3)2S and dimethyl disulfide (CH3)2S2
Methanol
Resin and fatty acids
Total reducible sulfur
Terpenes:
α-pinene, Camphene, ß-pinene, Myrcene, Δ3-carene,
α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, ρ-menthene, ρ-cymene,
α-limonene, ß-ocimene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol
Lime Mud
Free carbon (ash and lime)
Available (free) lime, CaO
CaCO3, loss on ignition @ 1000°C
CaCO3, by gas chromatography
Hydrated lime Ca(OH)2
Limestone or Reburned Lime
Available lime, (CaO), sugar test
Available (free) lime (CaO), calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Preparation, if required (crushing, grinding, etc.)
Metals:
(preparation by ashing and acid digestion or by ashing and alkali fusion of acid solubles)
Routine metals in lime (24 elements):
Al, As, Ba, B, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo,
Ni, P, K , Si, Na, Sr, Ti, V, Zn
Saltcake
Carbonate
Chloride
Free Carbon
Insoluble matter
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium sulfite
pH
Sulfate
Version: March 2012
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Chemical Services
Contact: Tom Yuen
[email protected]
604.529.2834
Spent Sulfite Liquor
Sulfate as SO3
Total sulfur
Tall Oil
Acid number
Bottom solids and water (BSW)
Rosin acids, fatty acids and unsaponifiables
Black Liquor Analysis Packages:
Thermal data special
Calorific value (BTU/lb)
Percent solids
Organic/inorganic ratio (sulfated ash)
Routine black liquor monitoring
Percent solids
Total sulfur (S)
Total chloride (Cl)
Total sodium, potassium (Na, K)
Micro elemental analysis (CHNO)
Extended black liquor evaluation
All of the Routine Black Liquor Monitoring package plus:
Carbonate (Na2CO3)
Sulfate (Na2SO4)
Sulfite and thiosulfate (Na2SO3, Na2S2O3)
Active (and estimated effective) alkali
Total alkali
Viscosity of as received liquor measured at three
temperatures in the range of 90°C to 115°C
Inerts (Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, Al)
Tall oil content
Version: March 2012
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Chemical Services
Contact: Tom Yuen
[email protected]
604.529.2834
Viscosity and Swelling Properties
Reduced pressure evaporation of black liquor to three
solids levels followed by measurement of viscosity at
three temperatures.
Swelling characteristics of dry liquor solids (duplicate)
Micro elemental analysis (CHNO)
Chemical Services - Woodwaste, Sludge, Hog Fuel & Biomass Fuels :
Fuel ultimate analysis:
Ash @ 750°C
Carbon, C
Hydrogen, H
Nitrogen, N
Oxygen, O
Total sulfur, S
Chloride content, Cl
Fuel proximate analysis:
Volatile matter
Fixed carbon
Ash @ 750°C
Higher heating value (Calorific value)
Size classifications (Williams or Tyler sieve)
Wood density
Ash analysis
Metals/Oxides
Routine scan (23 elements):
Al, As, Ba, B, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, K, Si, Sr, Ti, V, Zn
By element: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb
Optional metals: Hg, Se, Th
Ash fusion temperature (oxidating or reducing atmosphere )
Version: March 2012
Page 10
Chemical Analysis
Contact: Eric Chao
[email protected]
604.529.2833
Contaminant Identification
Material identification projects require the following support services:
Sample preliminary evaluation
Analytical preliminary evaluation
Analytical scheme design
Data evaluation and interpretation
Consultation
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy:
FTIR
Includes the following techniques:
KBr disc
Pyrolysis
NaCl salt plate
Samples such as solids, powder, liquid, plastic, rubber, extractives can be identified using one or
more of the above listed FTIR techniques. Pulp & paper process deposits, deposits, contaminants,
plastics, unknown materials, coating material, etc. are analyzed frequently.
FTIR – Microscope
Microtransmission
Microreflectance
Micro amounts of pulp & paper contaminants, process deposits, tape pull, fly ash, plastic coating,
etc. can be identified using these techniques.
Version: March 2012
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Environmental Services
Contact: Jodi Murphy
[email protected]
604.529.2808
A
Anions:
fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodine, nitrite, nitrate,
sulfate, sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate, chloride, chlorite,
chlorate
B
Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD5, liquor or pulp
C
Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, from pulp
Chlorine, residual or total
Chloride
Conductivity
F
Formaldehyde, colorimetrically, water/aqueous extracts
Formaldehyde, in pulp/paper products
(7 standard, specific and international methods)
M
Methanol, ethanol, effluents, condensates
Methylene blue active substances, MBAS, effluents
N
Nitrogen, Kjeldahl, effluents, solids
P
Phenols (colorimetric)
Phosphate, total (HClO4 digestion), effluents, solids and
sludges
Phosphate, total dissolved (ortho), (PO4)
Version: March 2012
Page 12
[email protected]
604.529.2808
R
Resin and fatty acids:
aqueous, soil, (free and total)
Resin acids:
pimaric acid, sandaracopimaric acid, isopimaric acid,
levopimaric acid, dehydroabietic acid, abietic acid,
neoabietic acid, chlorodehydroabietic acid,
dicholordehydroabietic acid
Fatty acids:
C12 lauric acid, C14 myristic acid, C16 palmitic acid,
C18:0 stearic acid, C18:1/C18:3 oleic/linolenic acid, C18:2
linoleic acid, C20 arachidic acid, C22 behenic acid, C24
lignoceric acid
S
Starch, soluble, effluents
Sulfide, sulfite, thiosulfate (see anions)
Surfactant, anionic (MBAs)
T
Tannin and lignin-like compounds, TLLC
Terpenes, aqueous or solids:
α-pinene, Camphene, ß-pinene, Myrcene, Δ3-carene,
α-phellandrene, α-terpinene, ρ-menthene, ρ-cymene,
α-limonene, ß-ocimene, γ-terpinene,α-terpineol
Version: March 2012
Page 13
[email protected]
604.529.2808
Organic Halides Analysis AOX, TOX, EOX and OX
Effluent Water
AOX (total, dissolved or suspended)
Pulp or Paper
AOX (water leachable, adsorbable organic halogen)
OX/TOX (total organic halogen)
TX (total halogen)
EOX (extractable organic halogen)
Various pulp specific methods available including
PAPTAC, PTS, ISO, USEPA and SCAN.
Solvent, Oil, Grease, Sludge, Pulp
Extractable Organic Halogen (EOX)
Total halogen (TX)
Version: March 2012
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Pulping and Bleaching Studies
Contact: Sabrina Burkhardt
[email protected]
604.529.2804
Sample Preparation
Whole logs, woodchips and non-wood samples can be processed. Whole logs are used in specific
species studies. Logs are manually debarked and chipped in our disk chipper. Pure species chips
can be evaluated or mixed in specified proportions to produce a new mill chip blend for evaluation.
Mill chip samples or lab produced chips can be further modified using thickness or roundhole chip
screening to determine the impact of chip screening improvements on pulping operations.
Wood and Chip Testing
Chip samples can be classified using thickness or roundhole
screens. Tyler sieve classifiers are available for sawdust
samples. Chip or sawdust samples can also be analyzed for
bark or rot content. The basic wood density of the samples can
be determined or the bulk chip packing density can also be
measured.
Lab Pulping
Kraft cooks can be performed in 6-L bomb digesters or in a 20-L
circulating liquor digester. Bomb cooks are used to evaluate
benefits of anthraquinone, surfactants and deresinating agents.
Because of the small volume (6-L) in our bomb digesters,
overthick chips and chip fines are removed from the chips to
reduce variability in pulping results. One bomb digester cook
produces sufficient pulp for an unbleached strength evaluation.
Bomb cooks are also used to evaluate sawdust samples.
The 20-L circulating liquor digester can cook up to 3000 grams
O.D. for accurate yield determinations. Multiple furnishes can be
evaluated in using the same pulping conditions for layered
cooks. The 20-L digester produces enough pulp for unbleached
and bleached pulp evaluations. We report total yield, screened
yield, rejects, knots and residual EA for all cooks.
Version: March 2012
Page 15
Pulping and Bleaching Studies
[email protected]
604.529.2804
Lab Pulping (continued)
Many pulping processes are simulated in our 20-L digester including kraft, kraft/AQ, sulfite (acid and
alkaline), NSSC medium, kraft liner and chemical pulping. A laboratory refiner is used in the
linerboard and medium studies. Low energy batch simulations, (i.e. RDH®, SuperBatch®) and alkali
profiling cooks can be run (i.e. MCC, EMCC, LoSolids cooks). Pre-hydrolysis by steam, water, or
acid can also be run.
Two atmospheric refiners are available for running mechanical pulping studies or determining chip
brightness after refining.
Bleaching
Bleaching is performed in polyethylene bags or in pressurized reactors. We can simulate any
bleaching process using chlorine dioxide, oxygen, ozone, hydrosulfite, peroxide, hypochlorite or
chlorine. Most of our studies involve the ODEopDED or DEopDED sequences. Enzyme or xylanase
pretreatment can be studied in our laboratory to determine chlorine dioxide savings. Our equipment
is scaled to use 300 g of brown stock, which provides sufficient fully bleached pulp for pulp strength
testing. We can generate 5 to 10 kg of fully bleached pulp for our customer evaluations.
Version: March 2012
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Pulp, Paper, Board - Physical Testing and Related
Services
Contact: Sandra Fodor
[email protected]
604.529.2814
Pulp Strength Evaluations
PFI mill
Valley Beater
Canadian Standard Freeness
*above evaluations will include CSF, burst, tear, tensile, bulk, tensile energy absorption and stretch
Mechanical Pulp Evaluations
Mechanical Pulp Handsheets including latency removal (Domtar mixer)
Mechanical Pulp Evaluations using Whitewater Recirculation including latency removal (Domtar
mixer)
Post latency freeness (Domtar mixer)
*above evaluations will include CSF, burst, tear, tensile, bulk, tensile energy absorption and stretch
Bauer McNett Fiber Classification
4 fractions, +14, +28, +48, +100 mesh
5 fractions, +14, +28, +48, +100, +200 mesh
(other mesh screens also available)
Pulmac Shive Analyzer
As received With latency removal With display sheets Duplicate
runs (0.004”, 0.006” and 0.010” screens available)
Handsheet Preparation
British Standard Sheet Machine
Version: March 2012
Page 17
Services
[email protected]
604.529.2814
Additional Physical Strength Tests
Basis weight
Britt jar fines
Castor oil absorption
Dennison wax pick
Drainage time
Fold, MIT
Grease resistance
Internal bond
Kit level, oil absorption
Klemm absorption
K and N ink absorbency
Modulus of Elasticity
Porosity, Gurley
Porosity, Sheffield
Porosity, Parker Print Surf
Repulpability
Ring crush
Roughness, Parker Print Surf
Short span, dry or wet, Pulmac
Shrinkage, handsheets
Silver tarnishing
Sizing, Hercules Size Test
Smoothness, Sheffield
Smoothness, Gurley
Softness, Gurley
STFI, Short Span Compression
Fracture Toughness (In-Plane Tear)
Printability
MBR print indicator
Version: March 2012
Page 18
Services
[email protected]
604.529.2814
Additional Physical Strength Tests (continued)
Stiffness, Gurley
Stiffness, Taber
Tensile, rewetted
Water absorption, water drop method
Water Absorption, Cobb
Water resistance, paper
Water retention value
Water vapor transmission rate
Wet web tensile @ 30% solids
Zero span tensile, dry or wet, Pulmac
Dirt and Shive Evaluation
Reflected light, Transmitted light
Fiber Characteristics
Fiber Quality Analyzer including fiber length, fiber width, coarseness, kink index, curl, percent fines
and population
Optical Properties
Brightness, ISO, Color Touch PC
Brightness, reversion @ 105 C
Color, CIE, Hunter
Fluorescence
Gloss 75°, 20°
Light scattering coefficient
Light absorption coefficient
Opacity
Tristimulus, x,y,z
Whiteness, ASTM, CIE
Dominant wavelength, Purity, Luminosity
Version: March 2012
Page 19
Services
[email protected]
604.529.2814
Fluff Pulp Properties
Conditioned basis weight
Fluffing, Weber hammermill
Fiber damage ratio
Hardness index
Neps or nodules
Specific volume, resiliency, absorption capacity and time
Talc, Clay and Lime Analyses
Bulk density, loose and compacted
Oil absorption
Water absorption
Brightness, ISO
Filler and additive evaluations
Specialty Tests and Services
Density
Absorbency and capacity, fabric
Face wire replacement (British Standard Sheet Machine grid plates)
Version: March 2012
Page 20
Microscopy - Species and Fiber Analysis
[email protected]
604.529.2808
Species Analysis: (pulp, paper and chip samples)
Includes percentage breakdown of species and pulp type. We can
identify all common North American pulpwoods – hardwoods and
softwoods. Also experienced with samples from Europe, South
America and Asia. Identification of sawdusts, wood chip and
powdered products is also available.
Chemical/Mechanical Pulp Content
Non-Wood and/or Synthetic Fiber Determinations
General Species Characterization
Individual wood species, non-wood fibers (grasses, straws,
cereals, synthetic, etc.)
Specific types of synthetic can be identified by FTIR technique.
Comparative Vessel Counts
Determines the relative amounts of hardwood vessel elements between pulps in a batch of samples.
Vessels can also be categorized by size or observable damage (fibrillation, fragmentation).
Photomicrographs are also an available service.
Cell Wall Thickness and Fiber Diameter
Sclereid Identification and Count
Total Sticky Area and Count
Determines the amount of stickies contamination in recycled pulps and papers. Reported as total
count of stickies and as total surface area of stickies per 100 o.d. grams of sample.
Total Ink Count and Total Ink Area
Count and measure ink particles in recycled pulps and papers. Largest, smallest and average ink
particle size; as well particle color can be noted.
Version: March 2012
Page 21
Microscopy - Species and Fiber Analysis
[email protected]
604.529.2808
Contaminant Identification
General microscopic examinations identify common pulp and
paper contaminants like shives, bark, sclereids and foreign
material like plastic or synthetic fibers. Chemical identification is
further available by FTIR techniques. Photomicrographs are
often a useful addition.
Photomicrographs
A digital camera specially mounted onto microscopes with 10X through 400X magnification allows
for detailed photographs of your sample. Very helpful in demonstrating what has been observed at
the microscopic level. Many applications including general pulp or fiber qualities, embedded
contaminants, physical materials or debris, general print quality, etc.
Particle Size by Microscopic Methodology
Projecting a high-magnification microscopic image of your solid or liquid sample onto a video
monitor allows for the measurement of particle diameters into any size categories you choose.
Detection limit is 1µm.
Asbestos Analysis
Asbestos Bulk Samples – identifying asbestos in various materials like insulation, floor tiles, etc.
(NIOSH 9002)
Asbestos Fiber Counts – fiber counts on air samples (NIOSH 7400)
SEM or TEM
Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) or Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is
arranged through subcontract.
Version: March 2012
Page 22
Dissolving Pulp - Viscose and Acetate Testing
[email protected]
604.529.2804
Viscose Preparation and Evaluation
Laboratory scale preparation of alkali cellulose is followed by aging to a specified end point target
viscosity. Xanthation of the alkali cellulose results in the formation of cellulose xanthate or viscose.
The viscose is dissolved in alkali with further aging resulting in a viscose solution simulating that
used in the production of rayon. Both the slurry and sheet steeping procedures may be used.
Characterization of viscose preparation and solution includes:
Aging time
Filterability
Haze
Clarity
Ball fall viscosity
In addition, should sheet steeping be assessed, the procedures used allow for the determination of
capillary rise, sheet flotation, caustic absorption, swelling volume and density.
Cellulose Acetate Preparation and Evaluation
Laboratory scale preparation of cellulose triacetate is carried out by the catalyzed acetylation of
conditioned cellulose. This is subsequently hydrolyzed to form secondary cellulose acetate. The
secondary acetate is dissolved allowing for the determination of:
Clogging constant
Plugging value
Haze
Colour
Viscosity
In addition, phase contrast microscopy can be used to photograph the product and to determine the
population of un-acetylated or partially acetylated fibers and the presence of particulate impurities.
Chemical properties such as the Acetyl value may also be determined.
Version: March 2012
Page 23

Chemical Services

Transcription

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