this study - Chung Shi USA Site

Influence of
Chung Shi AuBioMo Technology
on the Spine Stabilization
Musculature
A Prospective Study
Sports Medicine Upper Country ®
Am Moraltpark 1E
83646 Bad Tolz
Tel: 08041-7919570
[email protected]
CREATIVE KINETICS
Brandl 5
82549 Königsdorf
Tel: 08046-188030
[email protected]
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................3
2.
General Methodology ....................................................................................................................................5
2.1.
Object of Study ............................................................................................................................................5
2.2.
Test Materiel (Subjects) ..........................................................................................................................6
2.3.
Examination Procedures .........................................................................................................................8
2.4.
Statistics ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.
Presentation of Issues, Specific Methodology, and Results ........................................................ 16
3.1. Activation Characteristics of Trunk and Neck Muscles Between AuBioMo Shoes and
Normal Shoes .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.1.
Question ................................................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.2.
Methodology......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.1.3.
Results..................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2. Maximum force development of the trunk muscles after wearing AuBioMo shoes in
combination with strength training............................................................................................................... 24
3.2.1.
Question ................................................................................................................................................. 24
3.2.2.
Methodology......................................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.3.
Results..................................................................................................................................................... 26
3.3.
Development of spinal posture for regular wearing of AuBioMo shoes .......................... 31
3.3.1.
Question ................................................................................................................................................. 31
3.3.2.
Methodology......................................................................................................................................... 31
3.3.3.
Results..................................................................................................................................................... 34
4.
Practical Everyday Consequences......................................................................................................... 36
5.
Outlook ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
6.
Summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 37
7.
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................... 39
8.
Raw Statistics................................................................................................................................................. 40
2
1. Introduction
Back pain is pervasive in our society (Fraunhofer Institute, Federal Institute for
Occupational Medicine, Working Group on "Healthy Back", a study
Globe 91).
The causes of back pain are varied and are often caused by more than one
factor. The combination of lack of exercise and poor biomechanics is almost always
responsible for back pain and in the long term can lead to permanent damage to the
bony spine.
The physical inactivity and biomechanical failures continuously increase the
overwork of trunk muscles. Strong, well-trained core muscles are significantly
important for humans to achieve and maintain upright posture and prevent
paid. The body center, e.g. these core muscles, also form the "abutment" to help with
stresses in the extremities. The body core is defined as the area of the pelvis and the
lumbar spine. The underlying muscles stabilize the abdomen, back, and pelvis.
Muscular deficits in these areas lead to a significant deterioration in load
distribution. The passive structures, including the vertebrae, inter-vertebral discs,
and facet joints (Facets) are overloaded in the long term, possibly resulting in
irreversible degeneration. The result: painful facet joints wear, disk protrusions,
discs prolapsing, etc.
Acute back pain of muscular origin can temporarily be treated with drugs, heat
treatments and physical therapy. The immediate goal is to reduce pain and muscle
detoning. It favors early mobilization and specific exercise therapy over
immobilization and bed rest.
But, what is best is preventive action to eliminate first the lack of exercise.
Individuals should seek targeted strengthening of all of the involved muscles. In
addition to special strengthening programs as part of therapy, especially demanding
motor sports such as Nordic Walking, back and front crawl, and cross-country skiing
are particularly effective because they use large muscle groups for a complete body
workout. Of course, patients in pain should always consult with their physician or
therapist before engaging in these activities.
3
Another, different, way to activate the muscles is to wear and train in
"Active Shoes" with specially shaped outer soles that incorporate rangedependent different materials. They call for the muscle activation and
coordination rather subtly and unconsciously. A product in this
market segment is footwear of the brand name Chung Shi with AuBioRig
Technology (AuBioRig = Auto Biomechanically correct walking). [Reader note: In
English-speaking countries, the technology is known as AuBioMo, “Automated
Biomechanical Motion”.]
Wearing these shoes activates the muscles of the lower extremities during standing
and walking.
The increased muscle activity in the lower extremities was
already scientifically evaluated at the University of Calgary (Human
Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2006).
AuBioMo shoes are manufactured in two models (although there are many styles of
each model). The Comfort Step model has a forefoot-rearfoot angle in
the sole of 15°, and the Balance Step model has a forefoot-rearfoot angle in
the sole of 20 °.
Studies will reveal the effect extensive use of Chung Shi’s AuBioMo technology has
on the center core trunk muscles previously discussed.
If successful, such a product would be a great approach to improving the strength
and stability of center core muscles without additional expenditure of time, or of
engaging in aggressive programs to which the wearer may be ill-suited. With
the erection of the spine and strengthening the body core, one may expect relief
of back pain problems. (by Laar, Meichsner, VitArea study, Bad Tolz,
2007, Freiwald 2006, Huber, 2008).
This leads to the following questions:
1. What degree of activation of the trunk and neck muscles can AuBioMo be
expected to deliver as compared to normal shoe?
2. How much improvement in trunk muscle power will these shoes, with
regular wearing time, provide in combination with targeted strength training?
3. Does regular wearing of Chung Shi AuBioMo shoes influence the attitude of the
Spine?
4
2. General Methodology
The following describes the general methodological aspects of the study are
presented.
2.1.
Object of Study
The footwear studied are AuBioMo shoes in each of
the two models:
Comfort Step, in the 15° forefoot-rearfoot angle, and
Balance Step, in the 20° forefoot-rearfoot angle.
Sole Angle
Fig. 2.1. – 1: Representation of the sole angle
(Figure 2.1.—1). For the study, only the “Sport” style in the Comfort Step model (15
° angle sole) were used.
To maintain the sole constant angle under load in the area of the fulcrum, a steel plate
was inserted. The aim of the angle is first to reduce
the contact area (Figure 2.1.—2) to ensure that
the interior stabilizing muscles activate. The
second objective is that during the rolling
process when walking, the individual is forced
to actively provide slight resistance to the
Fig. 2.1. – 2: declined—stood flat
angle. This should lead to a more active and more
fluid gait. The Metatarsal in this case runs
from the outside rear slightly diagonally
forward inside (Figure 2.1—3). The crosssections of Forefoot and Heel have an
opposite position angle to each other.
The heel is characterized by an increased
2mm medial edge of a slight supination from
the foot strike. The metatarsal and forefoot, on
Fig. 2.1. – 3: Diagonal course of the metatarsal
the other hand, are at a 2mm increased
lateral edge, provided to guide the foot into a pronated position.
The slightly diagonal metatarsal corrects for pronation. Inside the shoe
is provided a midfoot upward curved insole for support of the longitudinal arch.
Furthermore, a stimulation of the foot muscles occurs. The transverse holelike recess in the heel area dampens the shock.
5
2.2.
Test Materiel (Subjects)
For the study, a total of 20 subjects (12 women and 8 men) in the Ages range from
25 to 64 years were selected. The average age (arithmetic mean) was 48.81 years
(± s = 11.41 years).
Age in years
Figure 2.2.—1: Age distribution of the total sample n = 20
The test subjects were divided into four groups of samples (groups A, B, C and D),
with five subjects in each group. The classification was performed
by randomization. The gender distribution within each sample group is in
Figure 2.1.—2.
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Women
4
2
2
2
Men
1
3
3
3
Figure 2.2.—2: Sex Distribution Within The Sample Groups
6
The age groups within the samples were as follows:
Age in Years
Figure 2.2.—3: Age Range and Average Age Within The Sample Groups
7
2.3.
Examination Procedures
The investigation was done at the beginning and the end of the study period
of 8 weeks, with three methods of investigation. The investigations were
completed in the following order:
• Surface EMG (SEMG)
• Spinal surveying with MediMouse®
• Maximum isometric trunk muscle strength measurements (MTS)
AuBioMo – Study
Wearing Instructions
The shoes that you received from us during
the ALTAG (and possibly also during your training in VITAREA) are
yours to keep. Please wear the shoes as long during each day as
indicated in the table. An initially unfamiliar feeling is quite normal
and will reduce over time. If you unexpectedly experience pain
or other problems, Contact us at the addresses below immediately.
Wearing Time (Hours per day)
1st
Day
2nd Day
3rd Day
4th Day
5th Day
6th Day
7th Day
8th Day
9th Day
10th Day until end
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5
6
At least 6
Of course you can keep your shoes!!!
Figure 1.3.—1: Fact sheet on wearing requirements of the AuBioMo shoes for
the subjects from Group A, B and C.
8
The four test groups (A, B, C, D) received the following treatments for a
Period of 8 weeks:
Group A: Daily wearing of shoes AuBioMo by default (Figure 1.3 - first).
In addition, this group completed a deficit-oriented strengthening
program for the core muscles (at least 2 times per week) in a health
center (VitArea, Bad Heilbrunn). The AUBIOMO shoes were also worn during
training. The subjects received a second identical pair of shoes.
Group B: Same as group A, but the AuBioMo shoes were worn only in everyday life
by default (Figure 1.3—1). During the training sessions were, however, the group
was using only normal sports shoes.
Group C: AuBioMo shoes were worn in an everyday setting
(Fig. 1.3—1). There was no training completed.
Group D: Control group. No AuBioMo shoes, no training. Normal
everyday behavior.
After 8 weeks of follow-up all groups that completed the above
studies were listed in the same order with the same test conductors.
The measurements were performed in standardized form.
Surface Electro Myographic Measurement (SEMG)
The surface EMG recorded over the skin used
glued together bipolar electrodes connected
to muscle action potentials, measured in units
of millivolts (mV). This is how the activity of
a muscle under the skin is measured. By using
amplifiers, the potentials are visibly displayed on a
screen. Special software analyzes the patterns of
activation and intensity of the potential. The data
collected was subject to the usual scientific
quality criteria (LM Knutson et al., 1994, Winter DA,
Yack HJ. 1987, 1999).
Figure 2.2.—4: Electromyographic
Measurements and their Results
The electromyographic study used an 8-channel surface EMG
Company SinfoMed GmbH (St. Kalscheurener 19.50354 Hürth).
By the multi-channel technique, four different pairs of muscles were measured at
the same time.
9
It has a surface EMG (SEMG) under standardized conditions in
individual familiar, everyday shoes and even brought in AUBIOMO shoes
in three different positions (Fig. 2.2 - 2) over 10 seconds each
recorded. First, the backfoot stance, 2nd, the through stance, and 3rd, the Forefoot
Stance.
Figure 2.2.—2: a) normal shoe, b) AuBioMo shoe rearfoot position, c) AuBioMo shoes
Forefoot position, d) AuBioMo shoes metatarsal position
Muscles were measured following characteristics (Fig. 2.2—3) with the reference
electrode at the 7th Cervical vertebra (C7):
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
M. lumbar erector spinae (at L3)
M. trapezius - ascending portion (amounting TH6)
M. trapezius - descending part
M. rectus abdominis - lower compartment
M. external oblique
Figure 2.2.—3: Electrode placement on the reference muscles and the reference electrode
The measurement frequency was defined as 240 Hz. For the evaluation the SEMG
raw signal rectified. The subjects were in identical pre- and post-test positions, as
several photos of each subject were from taken of subject after the pretest. For the
photos in the post-test, the electrodes were reapplied. This was done for better
comparability of results. We measured the mean levels of activity, using a "sliding
mean "(Average Rectified Value, AVR1) in 10 second intervals.
1 Def.
AVR: Rectification and integration of the raw SEMG signal over a defined time
window and dividing by the window length.
10
Trunk strength diagnostics
For this purpose, a torque measuring chair
(Fig. 2.2—4), for representation of the
maximal isometric force of trunk muscles,
was used. Measured were the flexors,
extensors, flexors and rotators of the spine in
the region of the body core (Lumbar and
thoracic spine transition). The torque
developed is over 16 calibrated daily, in the
slide on thoracic height positioned strain
gauges (DMS) and registered for evaluation via
Bluetooth connection transmitted to a PC. The
data analysis and evaluation based on a
dynamic biomechanical Model (Blümel, G.,
Fa BfMC Leipzig, 2004).
Figure 2.2.—4: Torque measurement firm chair
SinfoMed and position of strain gauges
Measurement procedure:
The subject is seated in the chair for torque measurement (MTS Medical Training
System) of the company SinfoMed, gets clamped, and is given direction to press
against the post with maximum force. The following standardized process was used
to prevent design and test errors:
•
•
•
•
•
No warm-up
A clear notice to execute: No use of the arms and hands permitted, an
indication of breathing, call for maximum use, the end of the
individual measurement (length and timing)
Always same order: flexion, extension, lateral flexion left, right lateral flexion,
rotation left, rotation right
Prior to any new direction there is always a short motion description and
a test run, to the exclusion of coordination errors. Execution errors were
corrected by the test administrator. The trial run should be to preserve
the memory and creatine kinase neuronal resources only be performed
with sub-maximal force.
After the trial run, two maximum force measurements of each 5 seconds,
with 12 seconds rest in between, were performed.
11
The analysis includes the following three anatomical planes of motion with
the corresponding directions of movement and the accompanying
Main function muscle groups:
Plane of Motion
Movement
Sagittal
Flexion
Frontal
Lateral Flexion
Transversal
Rotation
Main Muscle Function
m.rectus abdominis
m. obliquus externus abdominis
m. obliquus internus abdominis
m. errector spinae
m. obliquus externus abdominis
m. obliquus internus abdominis
m.quadratus lumborum
m.errector spinae
m. obliquus externus abdominis
m. obliquus internus abdominis
m.errector spinae
To determine the maximum force, steps were carried out as follows:
Of the torque curves of the two measurements each direction was measured.
The curve with the higher maximum power value is selected. The Maximum
force value was determined by the software. It is defined by the Average of
all readings in the corridor of ± 0.15 seconds to the maximum peak value of the
torque curve (Fig. 2.2—5). To assess and define, the reference values
for the statistical evaluation were calculated using a biomechanical model
of the dynamic target or reference values according to Dr. sc nat. G. Blümel,
from Leipzig BfMC calculated.
Figure 2.2.—5: Mathematical Determination of maximum force. Arithmetic mean
from the highest force value and all values ± 0.15 sec See the white corridor.
12
Factors to determine the reference values are:
• Gender
• Height
• Body Weight
• Fuselage segment length (= length of individual levers of the torque
measurement chair during clamping of the subjects measured)
The evaluation of the subjects are presented in tabular (Fig. 2.2—6) and
graphic (Fig. 2.2 –7) form. Two key statements can for the subjects are taken:
1. Expression of maximum force in any plane of movement in relation to
Reference value (2.2 –6). It should be pointed out that in the indicated
reference values, a minimum value for the performance of the core
muscles to protect everyday stresses can be seen. "Ordinary" is therefore a
physically defined average working person. This is physically difficult for
working people and therefore for an athlete, a much higher torque to
stabilize passive structures in the body core is expected.
2. Balance of power relationship within a plane of movement (Fig.
2.2.—6). Through the biomechanical and anatomical differences of the
opponents of the sagittal plane is here by an ideal ratio of
Nat flexion to extension with 40:60 to Dr. sc. G. Blümel
gone out. Frontal and transverse planes at the ideal ratio should trivially on
the basis of body symmetry at 1:1 lie.
Difference from
The Nominal Value
Deviation from
the Ideal Ratio
Figure 2.2. - 6: Exemplary tabular result of isometric Maximum force measurement
Reference Value
Reference Value
Figure 2.2. - 7: Exemplary graphical result of isometric Maximum force measurement
For ease of statistical analysis, the system has a data Export function in
Microsoft Excel.
13
MediMouse ®
The MediMouse idiag Company (Switzerland) is a computerized medical device for
clinical practice, by the simple manual retraction of the back, the shape and mobility
of the spine in the sagittal plane can be determined. The subject can be measured in
different positions. Within this study only standing subjects were
measured. The MediMouse measures the length (in mm) and the local inclination
relative to the vertical (in degrees) of the spine between the 1. Breat (BWK1) and
the 3. Sacrum (SWK3).
From this the information software
calculates the sagittal contour (Fig. 2.2.—
2) of the spine (thoracic vertebrae,
Lumbar spine and sacrum). An
intelligent recursive algorithm calculated
from the superficial form below into
account the local curvature (kyphosis or
Lordosis), information on the relative
position of Vertebral bodies of
the underlying bony spine. As a result
one obtains a height accurate
localization of the vertebral body as a
projection of their Centers lie on the
superficial back contour. Furthermore,
the algorithm computes the angles of
all segmental mobile segments of
the thoracic and lumbar spine and the
sagittal position of the pelvis (tilt
and erection).
Figure 2.2. - 8: Measurement of the MediMouse
Idiag company and the graphical implementation
in the representation of the spine
Barefoot
position
Rear-foot
position
Forefoot
position
Mid-foot
position
By default, the measurement was within the
individual study in four standing positions (Fig. 2.2.—
9) was carried out. By comparing the results in the
different stances, the measurement system provides
information on changes in the segmental spine posture.
For determining the degrees of each vertebral body each
other, has the opposite MediMouse the classical X-ray to
be superior been found (Schulz, p 1999; Keller, S. et al.
Figure 2.2. - 9: Medi-Mouse Measurement sequence
for the Level positions in chronological order from
top to bottom re-measurement and the change in
overall inclination of the spine Vorzu Posttest.
2000). The analysis was based on clinical
the change in angular degrees of pre-and post
measurement and the variation of the entire
inclination of the spinal column of before test to after test.
14
2.4.
Statistics
The statistical analysis was performed exclusively on the personal computer
using the software program Microsoft Excel 2000.
The following statistical measures and testing procedures found in this
Working application:
Arithmetic mean
The arithmetic mean () of measured values is defined as the sum (Σ) divided
by their number (s) (Clauss / Finze / Partzsch 1994).
Variance and standard deviation
The variance (s ²) of a sample is the sum of squares of all measured values (n) of
a distribution from their arithmetic mean ()., Divided by the diminished by
1 number (n-1) of the measurements (Clauß / Ebner 1985).
The standard deviation (± s) is calculated as the square root of the variance
(Clauss / Ebner, 1985)
Frequency distribution
The presentation of the results in the frequency distribution is a form of
descriptive statistics is in tables or graphs to help of characteristic measures, such
as for example arithmetic mean (). it can to assess whether the empirical
frequency distribution of a typical distribution shape is similar (bell-shaped, Ushaped, J-shaped, unimodal, bimodal, schmalgipflige or flat curve).
Furthermore, the analysis can be a frequency distribution comparison to
similar empirical distribution investigations.
Way analysis of variance
When a factorial analysis of variance tested whether an independent variable has an
influence on the mean values of a dependent variable. The variance analysis is
based on a partitioning of variation. The total scattering is here
from a scattering between the groups, the scatter of the residuals
and the spread between the subjects together. For the mathematical
Derivation we refer to Clauss / Ebner (1985), Sachs (1984) and Winer (1971).
15
All significance tests are based on the following limitations:
p> 0:05 is not significant
p ≤ 0.05 slightly significant (*)
p ≤ 0.01 significant
(**)
3. Presentation of Issues, Specific Methodology, and Results
3.1.
Activation Characteristics of Trunk and Neck
Muscles Between AuBioMo Shoes and Normal Shoes
3.1.1.
Question
On the basis of social development to more passivity, inactivity and lack of time,
innovative approaches are in demand for the prevention of health problems. Any
such concepts that would reduce the amount of time or physical effort have to be
perceived as an attractive opportunity, especially in our society. "Active-shoes" of
the brand Chung Shi are a very interesting approach to people during their everyday
life, subtly and unconsciously causing you to activate muscles. This is extremely
useful for better joint stabilization and structural improvement of the lower
extremities. The impact of technology AuBioMo were already evaluated at the
University of Calgary (2006).
Looking at the joint and muscle chains of the human body can, an increased
activation of the lower extremities and an influence on the activation of the central
core muscles is expected. Increased tension in the trunk muscles favors the
functional derivative the forces acting on the body (Gottlob 2007) and is thus
extremely profitable. The following question was examined in this study: Does the
regular wearing of AuBioMo shoes activate of trunk and neck muscles to a higher
degree as compared to normal shoes?
3.1.2.
Methodology
To investigate this question, two research groups from the total sample used.
Groups C and D together were compared. In Group C, the AuBioMo shoes were
worn regularly (See page 8) for 8 weeks in everyday life, while Group D is used as a
control group (cf. P.9). Group D was only the initial and final measurement
AUBIOMO shoes. This study resulted in the following sample constellation:
16
Group C
Group D
Women
2
2
Men
3
3
Total
5
5
While each subject was standing, the muscle activity was measured in individual
normal street shoes and AuBioMo shoes in the forefoot and rearfoot
Metatarsal position over 10 seconds was measured. Five key muscles (in brackets
are the abbreviations for each muscle) were using surface-EMG (SEMG) is
sampled (see p.9ff.).
•
Erector spinae at L3 lumbar (L3)
•
Trapezius - ascending portion in the amount TH8 (TH8)
•
Trapezius - descending part (OTP)
•
Rectus abdominis - lower compartment (ABR)
•
External oblique (OAI)
To determine the influence of permanent wearing of AuBioMo shoes has on
the muscle activity, we evaluated the change in muscle activity between Pre-and
post-test comparison.
For the classification of increased muscle activity, there is little information
on reference data (Freiwald et al., 2007). Since SEMG levels individually must then
be considered for this study, the reference values chosen were very conservative.
For measured values <10 mV (microvolts), the muscle is seen in the resting tone.
In the case of measuring values> 10 mV with a high degree of certainty of an
increased muscle activity can be expected.
17
3.1.3.
Results
Figure 3.1.3—1: shows the average percentage change in the relative
muscle activity of the two sample groups between pre-and posttest.
Standard Shoe
AuBioMo
AuBioMo
Hindfoot
Forefoot
Group C
rel. 0
Muscle
OTP right
OTP left
TH 8 right
TH 8 left
L 3 right
Left L3
ABR right
ABR left
OAI right
OAI left
Group D
rel. 0
Group C
rel. 0
Group D
rel. 0
Group C
rel. 0
Group D
rel. 0
AuBioMo
Metatarsus
Group C
rel. 0
Group D
rel. 0
% Change % Change % Change % Change % Change % Change % Change % Change
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
In
Activation Activation Activation Activation Activation Activation Activation Activation
101.3
25.12
-6.87
5.67
-4.89
-1.97
14.79
21.68
-1.38
-6.61
28.2
10.06
-12.81
29.22
-15.94
11.49
-16.66
-8.28
-15.52
-0.68
46.15
117.05
2.94
0.26
10.62
24.39
13.02
19.53
11.11
-7.42
99.62
16.74
-29.52
36.11
-10.16
23.89
-24.12
-14.82
-2.03
0.43
33.53
137.89
27.37
42.67
18.1
28.3
14.87
14.76
10.22
-8.32
101.76
11.41
-26.22
16.91
-11.62
17.66
-27.35
-16.31
-12.4
0.31
4.3
44.83
40.49
24.58
8.83
14.21
10.77
7.06
-15.05
-19.38
101.76
11.41
-26.22
16.91
-11.62
17.66
-27.35
-16.31
-12.4
0.31
Figure 3.1.3—1: Table showing the mean percentage change
relative pretest to posttest of between group C and control group D.
Distribution of activity increase or reduction:
The changes in standard shoe (Figure 3.1.3—2) show a rather diffuse picture.
Here, 50% of the measured muscles in an increase in activity. The
second 50% show a decrease. It is similar with the control group. 60%
the muscles showed a decreased activity level, 40%, a slight increase.
This results in no significant change in the trend results in the summary of
all measurements in one direction.
18
Figure 3.1.3—2: Graphical representation of the mean percentage change from
Pretest to posttest in the normal standing shoe.
The picture changes when measured in AuBioMo shoes. On the standing hindfoot (Abb.3.1.3 - 3) the statistics show a more uniform image in the group C
compared to the control group. Group C showed 90% of the measured muscles
increase activation, while in the control group we have the rather diffuse image
with 60% activity reduction and 40% increase still increased.
Figure 3.1.3—3: Graphical representation of the mean percentage change from pre-test
standing on the posttest AuBioMo shoe on the backfoot.
19
When set the subject wearing the AuBioMo shoe on the forefoot (Abb.3.1.3 - 4), it
yields a very similar picture with respect to the rearfoot position. Group C has an
over 90% increase in the measured muscle activity, while the control group a
second time has a diffuse image of a distribution of 50% increase and
50% reduction.
If the position of the metatarsal (Figure 3.1.3—5) is changed, the results
differ only minimally. Since the AuBioMo shoe requires balance through
the midfoot rocker position, it should be expected to activate all the muscles.
Amazingly, the previous picture changed only minimally. 80% of the
muscles of group C have an increase in activity compared to the preliminary
investigation. In the control group, the picture is unchanged at 50% increase to
50% reduction.
Figure 3.1.3—4: Graphical representation of the mean percentage change from pre-test
standing on the posttest AuBioMo shoe on the forefoot.
20
Figure 3.1.3—5: Graphical representation of the mean percentage change from
Pretest to posttest in AuBioMo shoe on the metatarsal balancing.
Overall, there is a tendency with AuBioMo shoes, at a regular and long development
period, for the core muscles to activate more than relax. Critically, it must be noted
however that due to the low sample size, this result may represent only a tendency.
To clarify the question of the significance of change between the Groups of
samples within each individual muscle that were measured, the data is subject to a
variance analysis. This is the only way to make valid statements about the ability of
the shoe to invoke lasting changes.
Figure 3.1.3 - 6 shows the result of analysis of variance. The goal was to
show whether the AuBioMo carrier of group C had a significantly higher
change activity than the control group.
21
Muscle
OTP right
OTP left
TH 8 right
TH 8 left
L 3 right
L 3 left
ABR right
ABR left
OAI right
OAI left
Significance test (F test)
Standard Shoe
AuBioMo
AuBioMo at
at Heel
Forefoot
4.29
9.96 *
15.85 *
15.04 *
9.82 *
112.00 **
1.01
1.69
1.03
4.32
3.5
8.83 *
2.78
11.64
9.57 *
1.24
1.9
1.21
4.54
7.38 *
8.32 *
1.13
1.62
1.67
3.04
1.98
1.5
1.2
2.2
4.1
AuBioMo at
middle
11.40 *
67.27 **
4.51
1.69
9.55 *
4.22
2.96
3.63
1.61
7.20 *
Figure 3.1.3—6: Results of testing for homogeneity of variance between group C
(AuBioMo carrier) and the control group.
p<=5%
p>=1%
Slightly
Significant*
Significant**
Significant increases compared with the control group show in Figure 3.1.3—6. The
significant changes to show a rather diffuse picture, as often Relative frequency of
increased SEMG activity of all measurements
Elevated levels in the VT
Elevated levels in the NT
Group C
31.00%
29.00%
Group D
17.00%
17.00%
Figure 3.1.3—7: Graphical and tabular representation of the percentage increased Comparison of
muscle activity in the pre-test (VT) to posttest (NT) within Group C (AuBioMo carrier) and the control group (D).
Only one side of a muscle pair (standard shoe: m trapezius pars descendens.
left; AuBioMo hindfoot and forefoot: m. right rectus abdominis; AuBioMo
Midfoot: m. and left external oblique m. errector spinae L3) shows a striking
increase. A reaction in terms of muscle activation is made to the AuBioMo
technology, however, for the measured paired muscles at the same time expects a
similar intensity, if not pathological phenomena. It should thus rather changes in
response to the wearing of AuBioMo shoe to be scored, which occur in pairs
significantly. In order to remain changes in m. trapezius - pars descendens in
all AUBIOMO positions as well as the change in m. errector spinae in TH8-AUBIOMO
forefoot position. To this classify this observation even better; the basic activity
level (Figure 3.1.3—7) of all measurements was examined quantitatively. It was
22
noticeable that in group C in the pretest and posttest 31.00% 29.00% almost
unchanged for all measurements increased activity levels (> 10 mV) showed. In the
control group D had only 17.00% in the pre-and post-test is an increased level of
activity (> 10 mV). About two thirds of all subjects from Group C or more than
three-quarters of all relative frequency of increased SEMG activity of the OTP in
relation to all remaining muscle groups with increased levels
m.trapezius compare VT
m.trapezius compare NT
Group C
29.31%
27.87%
Group D
85.29%
88.24%
Figure 3.1.3 - 8: Graphical and tabular representation of the percentage of the increased muscle activity values in the
comparison of pre-test (VT) to posttest (NT) within Group C (AuBioMo carrier) and the control group.
Subjects from Group D were thus Ruhetonuswerte (<10mV) on. within the
Range of 0 to 10mV are activity changes in the range of measurement tolerances and
therefore mean very little. The statistical significance of paired m. trapezius pars descendens of Figure 3.1.3—6 suggest although one real influence of
AuBioMo technology, however, this conclusion must be relativized be, as to just
29.31% in the pretest and posttest 27.87% in the whole the elevated readings fall
outside the measurement range of tolerance (Figure 3.1.3—8). A significant
activating or relaxing effect on the core muscles can therefore not confirm first.
A filtering out of the values is at a study with a significantly higher number of
subjects is recommended.
23
3.2.
Maximum force development of the trunk
muscles after wearing AuBioMo shoes in combination
with strength training
3.2.1.
Question
An active muscular joint protection is the basis for a pain-free life with respect to
the passive and active musculoskeletal system. Especially in the area the spine is a
high power level of assurance is essential muscles. A majority of back pain can be
attributed to too weakly traced back muscles (Denner, 2003). Therefore, it should
aim and duty of everyone to have spine-stabilizing muscles with a minimal level of
strength. To improve the muscular ability of the body are in the therapeutic sense
physiotherapy and medical training therapy (MTT) or prevention. Post
rehabilitative commercial area health centers and gyms are used. It is believed that
active-brand shoes like the Chung Shi with AUBIOMO technology activate the core
muscles while walking and standing. The question is whether the activation perhaps
leads to even a power increase in the trunk muscles. This would allow the shoe to
effectively be used as a standalone training tool. Perhaps the effect in combination
with a strength training program would be even more effective. The shoe could be a
supplement to the training and be classified as "effective enhancer". Therefore, the
investigation is to clarify the following question: Could AuBioMo shoes, with regular
wearing time, in combination with deficit oriented targeted strength training, help
maximize the strength of the core muscles?
3.2.2.
Methodology
To investigate this question, four research groups from the total sample were
used. There were Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D compared with each other
(see p.9). First, a preliminary investigation was completed. This was the maximum
isometric force by a body torque measuring chair (see S.11ff) charged. We were
able by the measurement to reveal existing power imbalances and deficiencies in
the flexion-extension, lateral flexion to left-right rotation and right-left
rotation. These results formed the basis for strength training of the groups A and B.
In connecting the sample groups, they were given different treatments (Fig.3.2.2—
1). The groups received the following treatments:
Group A: Daily wearing of shoes AuBioMo by default (see p.8). In addition,
a deficit-oriented strength training on machines and with free weights at least 2x
per week based on the results of trunk strength diagnostics in a health center
(VitArea, Bath Heilbrunn graduated). The specific training exercises were
professional coaches trained together. the AUBIOMO shoes were also worn during
training. The subjects received a second identical pair of shoes.
Group B: Same as group A, but the AuBioMo shoes were worn only in everyday life
as specified (see p.8). During the training sessions they however, only wore normal
sports shoes.
24
Group C: This group only wore AuBioMo shoes in an everyday setting (see page 8).
There was no training completed.
Group D: This was the control group. No AuBioMo shoes, no training, and normal
everyday behavior. Group D was only during the beginning and final measurement
wearing AuBioMo shoes.
Deficit-Oriented
Strength Training
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
YES
YES
NO
NO
Deficit-Oriented
Strength Training
With AuBioMo
YES
NO
NO
NO
AuBioMo In
Everyday Life
YES
YES
YES
NO
Figure 3.2.2—1: Overview of matrix on the care of individual samples.
After 8 weeks, the maximal isometric trunk strength among standardized
conditions was measured. A note on sample: A male respondent in group B
was sick, so he did not complete the measurement and could not complete the
study. An additional male subject of this group became ill during the treatment
period for three weeks, so that the duration he performed his treatment was three
weeks. Although final measurement was completed, but its measuring results were
worse than his baseline measurement and in order to falsify the results were not
included in our analysis.
In group C there was no time made available for a female volunteer to complete the
force measurement. There was no further date within the time window of followup to locate her. The SEMG-examination, however, was completed.
This resulted in this investigation, the following sample array:
Female
Male
Total
Group A
4
1
5
Group B
2
1
3
1
3
Group C
4
2
3
Group D
5
To determine the influence of permanent wearing of shoes on AuBioMo has on
the capability of the fuselage stabilizing muscles, the change in trunk
strength between pre-and post-test measurements were compared.
25
3.2.3.
Results
The three-body force torques in the diagnosis were measured in Unit
Newton meter (Nm). There were directions of movement in the following order
of testing:
FLEXION (FLEX)
EXTENSION (EXT)
Lateral flexion (LATFLEX)
ROTATION (RED)
= flexing the trunk forward
= stretching the fuselage to the rear
= flexion of the torso to the side
= rotation of the torso to the side
22% Increase from
the reference value
90% in the pretest with
respect to the target
value achieved
112% in the Posttest achieved
Mid=100%
Nominal Value
Figure 3.2.3—1: Illustration of the relative reference as the basis for the statistical analysis
Important for the next results: Documented here are the changes in trunk
muscle strength between pre-and follow-up. To improve inter-individual (between
the different subjects) to establish comparability, all statistical calculations not on
basis of the results created in Nm. Instead, in this documentation resorted
to relative values in percent (Abb.3.2.3 - 1). The values are individually
to the testing of the hardware and software calculated nominal value. Since
a maximum isometric force was measured, and motivation play day form is not to
be underestimated. Therefore, measuring tolerance ± 10% is taken into account
(i.e. an increase of a power value below 10%, or a degradation of less than
10%, were unchanged as performance interpreted.
Frequency of change in the Isometric Maximum hull strength:
Image 3.2.3—2 shows the average frequency of occurrence of a
force change between the groups of samples in each direction. This was to simplify
the presentation, three classes created:
IMPROVED = Max-body strength increased by more than 10%
UNCHANGED = No change in maximum force by more than 10%
AGGRAVATED = Maximum body strength by more than 10% worse
26
Improved
Deteriorated
Unchanged
Figure 3.2.3 - 2: Graphical representation of the mean value of the frequency distribution of
force changes across all groups of samples and directions
It turns out that all sample groups have improved. Group B with 61.11% showing
improved strength values, the best positive development. This is followed by Group
A at the 50.00% of the subjects with improved values. Interestingly, Group C with
8.33%, the lowest degradation rate exhibits. Very evenly distributed is the control
group with an improvement rate of 33.33%. A more detailed look at the frequency
of changes occurring within the individual directions of movement is an indication
of whether certain patterns exist within certain groups of subjects. See Figure
3.2.3—3.
Figure 3.2.3—3
Graphical representation of the frequency distribution of force changes in
the sample groups within the individual directions of movement found that
the control group always in each direction of movement also has deterioration.
27
However, this is similar to the Group A. Only in the inflection point in this test
group do subjects experience no deterioration. It is interesting that within only a
few subjects of Group C deterioration occurs. These occur at low frequency in
the number flexion (5.88%) and in the left lateral flexion (5.88%) on.
To speak of a recognizable pattern that would be due to the low sample size but not
very serious. A look at the amount of change can be within the experimental groups.
However, it is another view of the effectiveness of AuBioMo technology.
Qualitative changes in Isometric Maximum hull strength:
Figure 3.2.3—4 shows that within an average of 33.33% of group A
of volunteers increased maximal isometric trunk strength by over 30%. A
mean increase (20 to 29.99%) still had a 16.67% increase, and a slight (10
to 19.99%) showed a 10% increase in the subjects from Group A.
% Change
- 100 to -30
- From 29.99 to -20
- From 19.99 to -10
- 9.99 to + 9.99
+ 10 to + 19.99
+ 20 to + 29.99
+ 30 to + 100
Group A
10.00%
6.67%
6.67%
16.67%
10.00%
16.67%
33.33%
Group B
0.00%
0.00%
5.56%
5.56%
16.67%
16.67%
55.56%
Group C
4.17%
4.17%
4.17%
41.67%
25.00%
12.50%
8.33%
Group D
26.67%
10.00%
3.33%
33.33%
6.67%
6.67%
13.33%
Figure 3.2.3—4: Summary table of the average frequency distribution of
qualitative changes in power over all directions of movement
Even more clearly fell out of the positive values in group B. It improved over half of
the subjects (55.56%) by more than 30% of Isometr. maximum force in the
fuselage. A medium-sized and small improvement still showed each
16.67% on. And only 5.56% showed only a slight deterioration (-19.99 to 10%) of
the force values over all planes of movement. This cuts at the group B
clearly positively. Within group C, showing 41.67% of the subjects with
unchanged force values (-.99 to 9.99%) in the trunk muscles. Only 8.33% showed a
high increase in strength. We reported a mean change 12.50% of the subjects.
However, 25.00% reported at least a slight improvement in power, while on the
other hand, the maximum power loss of light (4.17%), medium (4.17%) to severe
(4.17%) can be classified as relatively low. It may not be forgotten in this group that
only AuBioMo Shoes were worn and were not familiar with the usual sporting
activities engaged in. The control group gave, as expected, the force worst change of
all the sample groups. Wherein still 13.33% significantly, an average 6.67% and
6.67% had a slight increase in strength. In contrast, however, are 26.67% of subjects
with significant, 10.00% with medium and 3.33% with mild motor loss. 33.33%
were unchanged Force values. Figure 3.2.3 - 5 shows the overall results again at a
glance.
28
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Figure 3.2.3 - 5: Graphical summary of the average frequency distribution of
qualitative changes in power over all directions of movement
The significance test (Fig. 3.2.3 - 6) showed that group A in the lateral, light
significant improvements occurred compared with the control Group D. Group
has slightly significant changes in the extension, the imbalance between extension
and flexion, lateral flexion to the left and in the imbalance on the lateral flexion.
p<=5%
Slightly
Significant*
p>=1%
Significant**
Significance test of all groups compared with the control group D
FLEX
EXT.
DYSBex
flex
LATFLEX
LI
LATFLEX
RE
DYSB
LATFLEX
ROTLI
ROTRE
DYSB
ROT
VARIANCE Group A
510.09
1,338.44
624.47
711.81
810.51
504.27
618.05
817.05
33.20
VARIANCE Group D
275.95
2,038.85
1,076.35
7,971.12
4,445.47
1,911.98
450.87
695.69
147.33
1.85
1.52
1.72
11.20
5.48
3.79
1.37
1.17
4.44
VARIANCE Group B
744.60
115.96
57.26
368.89
1,550.58
67.72
43.78
170.91
47.65
VARIANCE Group D
275.95
2,038.85
1,076.35
7,971.12
4,445.47
1,911.98
450.87
695.69
147.33
2.70
17.58
18.80
21.61
2.87
28.23
10.30
4.07
3.09
VARIANCE Group C
641.48
199.93
314.49
1,060.62
191.59
179.36
24.74
81.66
98.14
VARIANCE Group D
275.95
2,038.85
1,076.35
7,971.12
4,445.47
1,911.98
450.87
695.69
147.33
2.32
10.20
3.42
7.52
23.20
10.66
18.22
8.52
1.50
Result F-Test
Result F-Test
Result F-Test
Figure 3.2.3 - 6: Summary table of the results of significance tests. The Groups A, B and C were
compared with the control group.
Group C has the most significant changes compared with the Control group. In the
extension, lateral much right on both sides (Latflex significantly **) and its
imbalance as well as in the rotation on both sides (red links highly significant **)
showed significant changes compared with the control group. It is thus a tendency
that AuBioMo shoes are seemed to have favorable effect on the body force, as
compared to the wearing of normal shoes. Due to the small sample size, the results
29
of qualitative changes in maximal isometric force are at best a tendency to evaluate
and require an investigation to verify with higher with number of samples.
Changes in individual existing power deficits:
It appears (Abb.3.2.3—7), that over all groups of samples in relation to the existing
power deficits for each subject only slightly changes have occurred. It must be
noted, however, that many subjects of the investigations have no strength deficits in
the trunk muscles that have been reported.
The changes are assigned as follows:
IMPROVED = an existing deficit has been reduced, thus improving
UNCHANGED = a change may indeed have taken place, but an existing deficit has not
been eliminated nor created.
WORSE = a deficit was created or increased
Group B with 22.22% showing improved strength values and with only 5.56%
deterioration in the most favorable development of all groups. Group C intersects in
the overall summary were the weakest. On average, at this group is not subject
improved, however, have deteriorated to 8.33% and 91.67% remained unchanged.
This is in the region of the control group, which has also not worked specifically on
deficits. It has a deterioration rate of 16.67% and 76.67% unchanged values nor
minimal improvement rate of 6.67% respectively. Amazingly, even results for group
A, which has trained deficit-oriented, not really a dramatic difference in the
compared to the control group (13.33% improved, 73.33% unchanged, 13.33%
worse).
Improved
Deteriorated
Unchanged
Figure 3.2.3—7: Graphical representation of the frequency distribution of all groups all directions
In summary, the deficit-oriented view did not determine significant
differences. There purposefully normally at least for the coaching groups A and B is
an improvement rate is expected (Laar, Meichsner 2008), is also the small sample
30
size in any suspected representative statements to make.
Summary
With respect to the targeted training of core muscles to increase performance, the
data rather suggests that training without AuBioMo technology with volunteer
coaches from the coaching part, exercises were completed. With AuBioMo
as their shoes, the proprioceptive properties developed were as not so good. In
future students, however, the low sample size must be addressed, as it is perhaps
not as representative for the whole population as the result may suggest.
The aim was to identify possible trends. And here we can say that Group
C (AuBioMo in everyday life, and no training) from the control group
certainly stands out. This in turn suggests that these shoes seem to produce subtle
muscular effects, less in the area of global moving muscles, but tend to be
in the local short-joint stabilizers. Therefore, wearing in daily life is recommended.
The answer to the question at the moment, however, can only be:
The AuBioMo technology has no significant effect on the maximum isometric
body force.
3.3.
Development of spinal posture for regular
wearing of AuBioMo shoes
3.3.1.
Question
The spine is a flexible but robust structure of our body. It provides the basis for the
human upright posture. Position of the individual vertebral bodies to each other is
affected by passive structures such as ligaments, intervertebral discs and in the
highest degree of surrounding muscles. The anatomical structure provides for a
complex biomechanically favorable bracing system to protect the spine, to secure
loads and effectively dissipate forces (Gottlob 2007). By deficits in attitudes,
problems are inevitable over longer periods. A function described of the AuBioMo
technology is setting the body in a spinal upright posture and a more
biomechanically favorable position. If an individual adopts a good attitude about
improving his back health, AuBioMo is a useful preventive agent for posture
correction.
This yields the following relevant questions, which in this part of investigation
in focus: Does the regular wearing of AuBioMo shoes influence the attitude of the
spine?
3.3.2.
Methodology
To investigate this question, the four study groups the total sample used. There
were group A, group B, group C, and group D compared with each other (see p.9).
Initially was in the context of preliminary investigation prior to the survey of the
maximum isometric trunk strength measurements (see S.11ff), the posture of the
31
spine using MediMouse ® (From Idiag, Switzerland). This kind of diagnostics allows
a valid image (Schulz 1999, Keller, Mannion, coarse 2000) of the spine in the sagittal
level (see S.14ff). Measurements were taken in the order of barefoot, and in
AUBIOMO shoes in the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot positions. After 8 weeks of
treatment, the individual groups of samples were standardized in all subjects.
We measured again with the follow-up MediMouse. The treatment (Abb.3.3.2—1)
of the sample groups followed these steps:
Group A: The subjects were wearing the shoes AuBioMo by default (see p.8).
Zusätzlich is a deficit-oriented strength training on machines and with using free
weights at least 2x per week based on the results of trunk strength diagnostics in a
health center (VitArea, Bath Heilbrunn graduated). The specific exercises were
TRAINING ¼ of professional coaches trained together. the AUBIOMO shoes were
also worn during training. The subjects each received a second identical pair of
shoes.
Group B: same as group A, but the AuBioMo shoes were only worn in everyday life
as specified (see p.8). Normal sneakers were worn exclusively during the exercise
training.
Group C: There were AuBioMo shoes worn exclusively for daily life (see page 8).
There was no training completed.
Group D: Control group: No AuBioMo shoes, no training, and normal everyday
behavior. Group D was only for the beginning and final measurement in AuBioMo
shoes.
Deficit Oriented
Strength Training
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
YES
YES
NO
NO
Deficit Oriented
Strength Training
with AuBioMo
YES
NO
NO
NO
AuBioMo Worn In
Everyday Life
YES
YES
YES
NO
Figure 3.3.2 - 1: Overview of matrix on the care of individual samples.
Note on the sample:
A male respondent in group B was sick, so he did not complete the measurement
and could not complete the study. An additional male subject of this group became
ill during the treatment period for three weeks, so that for the duration he could
perform his treatment only during three weeks. Although final measurement
was completed, the measuring results were not included in our analysis.
After 8 weeks, the spine posture among standardized conditions was measured.
Through the re-mapping of the spine, the change in the attitude could be clearly
documented. To ensure that the sustainability of the effect of AUBIOMO technology
32
could be clearly documented, measurements were only taken while subjects were
barefoot.
The changes were assessed clinically and evaluated individually. A clinical
assessment is superior to a purely statistical evaluation, since an attitude change of
a subject not only on the basis of degrees may be seen as positive or negative. It has
the overall development of the spine, including their inclination (= forward tilt and
back tilt) also to be considered. The evaluation question is therefore not only
provided after the change, but the question is: Has anything in a positive direction
for the subjects developed?
The evaluation of the results is divided into two perspectives:
1. Have the arcs (lordosis) in the lumbar spine (lumbar =) or (Kyphosis) in
the thoracic spine (= BWS) harmonized? A good and healthy attitude is it
pronounced by a naturally Lordosis in the lumbar spine and a mean
Brustwirbelkyphose considered. The perpendicular from
7.Brustwirbel (TH7) it should for optimal power dissipation fall through the sacrum.
2. Has the inclination (tilt of the entire spine) changed? An inclination of about
1 ° degrees forward in his assessment as the optimum viewed (from IDAG, notes on
interpretation). Depending on the strength of the deviation from these values, you
will change as positive, negative or rated neutral.
The overall pattern of change in spinal posture is the critical factor
and is documented as follows:
The assessment is via a simple classification:
+ =
Positive change in the attitude of individual spine
O = Neutral, positive or negative change
-
=
Negative change in spinal posture
33
3.3.3.
Results
In Figure 3.3.3—1 it is clear at first glance, all groups have developed attitude
(spinal alignment).
Group A—
Comfort Step In
Life and
Training
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Subject 4
Subject 5
Change Before
Versus After
Group B—
Comfort Step In
Life and Not
Training
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Change Before
Versus After
Group C—
Comfort Step In
Everyday Life
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Subject 4
Subject 5
Change Before
Versus After
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
o
+
Group D
Change Before
Control Group
Versus After
Subject 1
o
Subject 2
Subject 3
Subject 4
Subject 5
Figure 3.3.3 - 1: Results of the change in spinal posture
Group A and B show a 100% improvement in the posture of the spine. Whether
the over eight weeks using AuBioMo shoes contributed to this result or have only
the strength training to thank is for group C show. This group only wore AuBioMo
34
shoes everyday without any strengthening program. 4 of 5 subjects in Group
C showed a significant improvement in the spine posture. Only one subject showed
the spine image unchanged. Some exemplary figure shows changes 3.3.3 – 2.
Figure 3.3.3—2
Some examples selected MediMouse representations compared before (1) vs.. Nacher (2). the
illustrated recordings were barefoot stand recorded. Shows by means of examples
also the individuality of sine posture. To this individuality in the evaluation of needs, was a
clinical assessment of the logical consequence.
Thus AuBioMo technology alone seems to have a sustainable influence on the
attitude of the spine - even without any muscular training. The significance of this
result is mainly driven by the control group are underlined. In four of five subjects
in this group (D) the spine shape over the study period become even worse. Only
one test subject in this group maintained same attitude (spinal alignment).
In summary, despite the small sample size, a very clear tendency to be pointed
out is a sustainable AuBioMo technology influence on the spinal column, and thus
on the position. AuBioMo has shown it can improve spinal attitude in addition
to influencing a targeted fortifying of back muscles.
35
4. Practical Everyday Consequences
On the basis of the measurements AuBioMo shoes can certainly be a
large social circle are recommended.
Daily longer wear recommended
Since it is the muscle activity in the body that is needed to intensify, the AuBioMo
shoe would not be regarded as too aggressive on these structures. Wearing over a
period of 6 or more hours would be a significant demand (cause fatigue to) on the
core muscle, which one would expect could result in decreased hedging of the spine.
This is probably in the 15 ° version of the shoe AuBioMo. The shoe is thus from this
perspective appropriate even for long wearing periods (4 hours and more are
recommended).
No weight training replacement and still an interesting addition
When training for improvement of the global large superficial deep-lying trunk
muscles, results cannot be seen from AuBioMo technology. Unfortunately,
the influence on the deeper layers of muscles is not technically measured.
However, is the presumption is compelling that the shoe has an effect on the small
local stabilizers of the spine that is similar to a simple non-aggressive sensorimotor
used as a training device (e.g. therapy gyro, etc.). Therefore, the use in patients with
back pain quite apart of the adjuvant treatment is recommended. Also, AUBIOMO
Technology is recommended for preventive use.
Prevention and optimization of posture
Poor posture in our own time by is a phenomenon of all social classes. The
body adapts to the often sedentary life style. This is accompanied primarily by
attitude changes in the spine. The proven positive impact on the attitude of
the spine by AuBioMo indicates it should be the shoe for people who want
to prevent or to improve existing deficits in the attitude of the spine.
5. Outlook
The active segment of footwear is so far little explored scientifically. There
are different concepts and approaches. The science is only a small part of their
proven effects. Therefore, we must look beyond merely scientifically
recommended product comparisons, to a much more nuanced look at this product
gaining market acceptance. This would allow recommendations to be made to
vendors, therapists, physicians, or make the product easier to select. The
producers would also make sure of the core positioning of the product.
This investigation provided us with an interesting impression of AuBioMo footwear.
For the future, we should the first eliminate the recognized weaknesses of this
particular study. Above all, the next study will be carried out with a larger sample
size. But there are still many unanswered questions that should be clarified.
36
The obvious would be the following questions as to the effect AuBioMo Technology:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Effect on back pain?
Impact on the attitude while walking?
Achieved structures AuBioMo sustainable change in the arch of the
foot?
Impact on gait in orthopedic cases in the problem area the
lower extremities?
Impact on the balance of power?
Effect when used in free weight training as an additional
sensorimotor component?
Functional comparisons of different product lines or manufacturers
U.v.m.
The development and implementation of AuBioMo technology should definitely
continue to operate as an enriching part of the Health products market.
6. Summary
In the SEMG study, AuBioMo shows quite a bit of a tendency to higher muscle
activity within the measured trunk muscles in compared to the control group. The
activity level is very low, however on a higher level. A significant difference is
therefore not sustainable.
However, a muscular claim in homeopathic doses people with low levels of physical
activity already generate positive effects.
Since changing the attitude in a positive way while wearing shoes AuBioMo provide
lasting change, the question arises, what makes this effect. Within the short
examination time, the passive structures like ligaments hardly are given the time to
adapt. Rather, a muscular phenomenon must be happening. The authors assume
that the underlying local stabilizers (mm. multifidus, mm. interspinali, etc., which
are unfortunately not measurably changed). From this could be concluded that the
shoes very, very, subtly affect the mentioned muscular structures and improve
them, and a change of attitude cause.
With regard to the maximum isometric trunk strength seems to be a specific
training the trunk muscles to increase the efficiency in the segment to the mid-body
effect. The data rather suggests that training without AuBioMo technology is
critical, but it should be said that in the exercising of subjects, in part exercises were
completed in combustion engines. Only at the machines could AuBioMo shoes
sensorimotor properties be properly evaluated.
However, here is a tendency in favor of AuBioMo technology recorded. The group,
which has AuBioMo worn in everyday life, and no training completed, stood out
from the control group entirely. The difference is not significant. This in turn
37
suggests that these shoes seem to muscular effects produce, the less the area of
global moving muscles, but tend to be in the local short-joint stabilizers.
Seen as highly representative, however, the sustained positive change posture of the
spine, even without additional training. An attempt by the explanation was given
already in connection with the SEMG-examination.
In summary, despite the small sample size, a very clear tendency to be pointed is a
sustainable technology AuBioMo technology influence on the spinal column, and
thus on the position. AuBioMo also shows a fortifying influencing on all back
muscles.
With respect to all three study programs (muscle activity in the body,
maximum power increase in the fuselage and improve posture seems) the
AuBioMo technology based on the investigations carried more positive
than negative attention. Thus, a significant number of our company highly
recommended AuBioMo products.
Finally, there is a factor worth mentioning, for which within this study no data was
collected. But it is of crucial importance. The feedback from participants
about the AuBioMo shoes they have worn was consistently without exception
absolutely positive. The subjective feeling has been widely commented upon
and all subjects have continued to wear the shoes in everyday life.
38
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8. Raw Statistics
(Detailed data sheets are available upon request).
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