The Environmental Impact Assessment Executive Summary of

Transcription

The Environmental Impact
Assessment Executive Summary of
ELDORADO Project, Brazil
ELDORADO Brasil
Reference: 0152083
www.erm.com
Delivering sustainable solutions in a more competitive world
REPORT
ELDORADO Brasil.
The Environmental Impact
Assessment Executive
Summary of ELDORADO
Project, Brazil
April, 2012
Reference: 0152083
Verified by: Leonardo Gonçalves
Project Manager
Signed: ___________________________________
Approved by: Carolina Retamal
Technical Reviewer
Signed: ___________________________________
Authorized by: Elizabeth Penhalber
Partner in Charge
Signed: ___________________________________
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
PROJECT BASELINE
BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING STATUS OF ELDORADO PULP MILL
FORESTRY OPERATIONS LICENSING
LOGISTICS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING PROCESS
PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
3
9
15
17
18
25
2
THE ELDORADO PROJECT BACKGROUND
25
2.1
2.2
2.3
OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL SITE AND CURRENT STATUS
OVERVIEW OF FORESTRY OPERATIONS AND CURRENT STATUS
OVERVIEW OF THE LOGISTICS PROJECT
29
40
44
3
PULP MILL AND FOREST OPERATIONS
50
3.1
3.2
3.3
ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSES
INFLUENCE AREAS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
MITIGATION MEASURES
50
74
119
4
MULTIMODAL TERMINAL AT APARECIDA DO TABOADO
131
4.1
4.2
4.3
ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSIS
MITIGATION MEASURES
131
141
150
5
BIBLIOGRAFY
154
2
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
ELDORADO - APRIL, 2012
1
INTRODUCTION
ERM Brazil Ltda. (ERM) was commissioned by ELDORADO BRASIL
(ELDORADO) to perform a Social and Environmental Assessment of its pulp
and paper plant project that is being installed in Três Lagoas State of Mato
Grosso do Sul/Brazil and logistics operations destined to the transportation of
pulp produced in the industrial complex under construction, until the port of
Santos in the State of São Paulo, with the objective of providing technical
information for the financing process with FINNVERA.
This report contains a summary of the Environmental Impact Assessment of
the ELDORADO’s Pulp Mill Project in Três Lagoas/MS and relevant
environmental and social documents that were used to assess impacts and
risks of the project.
This report was developed with basis in the following documents:
 EIA/RIMA - Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Impact Statement. Investimentos Florestais S/A. Eldorado.
Três Lagoas, MS, 2009;
 PBA - Basic Environmental Plan – Part 1 - Investimentos Florestais S/A.
Eldorado. 2011;
 PBA Basic Environmental Plan – Part 2 - Investimentos Florestais S/A.
Eldorado. 2011;
 RAS – Simplified Environmental Report - Implementation of the
Multimodal Terminal in Aparecida Taboado, Vol.1, 2012;
 RAS – Simplified Environmental Report - Implementation of the
Multimodal Terminal in Aparecida Taboado, Vol.2, 2012;
 Spreadsheet evaluation of aspects and environmental impacts, 2012
 Selection of high conservation values areas, planning and environmental
monitoring. Piracicaba, 2012;
 Inventory of High Conservation Values Areas with sociocultural
importance in the region of the Eldorado Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul.
Piracicaba, 2012;
 Social Territory Diagnosis; and
2
 Archaeological Survey in Eucalyptus Planting Area of Eldorado Brazil municipalities of Três Lagoas, Selvíria, Aparecida do Taboado, Inocência,
Água Clara, Ribas do Rio Pardo and Santa Rita do Pardo / MS, 2011.
1.1
PROJECT BASELINE
Industrial Plant
ELDORADOs’ pulp and mill facility consist in the installation of a bleached
kraft eucalyptus pulp mill, eucalyptus homogeneous reforestation and related
infrastructure such as pier, railway and power transmission lines.
In the project phase it was decided that the power transmission lines, railway,
pier and fuel station would have distinct licensing process and therefore
would require their own permitting process. An Environmental Impact
Assessment Study was developed only for the pulp and mill facility. The other
associated infrastructure had simplified environmental process.
During the EIA analysis process by the State Environmental Agency
(IMASUL), it was conducted a Public Hearing held on December 3rd, 2009, at
7pm in Três Lagoas city, in Centro de Eventos Leiloado at Road BR 262, km 11.
Forest Operations
For the forestry activities no Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Environmental Basic Plan (PBA) were developed, according to the exemption
granted by State regulations. The State legislation requires ELDORADO to
issue to IMASUL a "Planting Informative" of the concerning areas for such
activity as well as the appropriate "environmental clearance for cutting of
planted forests."
Logistics Project
For the logistics project, ELDORADO will be responsible for the Aparecida do
Taboado licensing process and construction. A Simplified Environmental
Report - RAS has been developed and submitted for IMASUL approval.
Adjustments of the railway extension access in Aparecida do Taboado, will be
performed by company ALL (América Latina Logística), and the licensing
procedures and related vegetation suppression with its compensations will be
managed by this company.
For the Pederneiras Terminal, ELDORADO has hired EGTM Navegação
(Torque) which already owns a multimodal terminal and will expand its
boundaries in other to meet the demand. EGTM Navegação will be
responsible for the waterway transportation and permitting process of
3
terminal and water transportation.
Adjustments of the railway extension access in Pederneiras, will be performed
MRS LOGÍSTICA S.A and the licensing procedures and related vegetation
suppression with its compensations will be managed by this company.
At Santos Port, ELDORADO will have the following activities:
 Temporary warehouse: owned by Hipercon Terminais de Cargas Ltda
which currently holds an installation license according information
available on State Environmental Agency’s (CETESB) website.
ELDORADO has informed that the area will be operated by this company
which will be responsible for obtaining and maintaining environmental
permits and licenses, as well as for complying with the environmental
legislation;
 Warehouses III, VIII, XIII and XVIII: they have been purchased by
ELDORADO from Rodrimar S/A Transportes Equipamentos Industriais e
Armazéns Gerais; and
 Warehouses IX to XII: ELDORADO has the intention to acquire these areas.
Table 1.1 presents the status of all infrastructure of the project.
4
Table 1.1
Environmental Status of the Project Areas/ Infrastructure
Project area
Pulp and Paper Mill
Environmental Project
Responsibility
ELDORADO
Brazilian Environmental License
Preliminary License nº 314/2009
(IMASUL, 2009);
Phase
Status
In
construction
Other information
In operation
since 2011
-
No
information
was
provided
The concessionaire of the fuel station is
PETROBRAS and, reportedly, this company is
responsible for issuing the documentation for the
Installation and Operation License, since they will
be operating the station.
Installation License nº 17/2011,
(IMASUL, February 24th, 2011);
Application for a Installation Permit
(plant expansion for sodium
chlorate manufacturing plant):
application done on August 31,
2011;
Application for a Commissioning
Permit: done on November 18th,
2011;
Operation License: to be obtained
after industry construction is
finished.
Power Transmission
Line and Electrical
Substation
ELDORADO
(IMASUL, July 22th, 2010);
ELDORADO has decided to include a sodium
chlorate manufacturing plant on site, instead of
transporting the sodium chlorate by tanker trucks
from market suppliers. As a result, it applied for
an Installation Permit for the plant expansion on
August 31, 2011. Additionally, it developed an
environmental study (EAP – Estudo Ambiental
Preliminar) and a risk analysis, considering the
presence of the Chlorate plant to support the
licensing process. The Installation Permit for the
Chlorate Plant has not been issued to date.
ELDORADO also applied for a permit for the
commissioning stage on November 18th, 2011 in
order to include in the Installation Permit the
commissioning of: pulp production, chemical
recovery, utilities and manufacturing systems for
sodium chlorate, chlorine dioxide and oxygen
manufacture.
Installation License nº 148/2010
(IMASUL, (October 27th, 2010);
Operation License nº 83/2011
(IMASUL, February 24th, 2011).
Fuel Station
ELDORADO /
PETROBRAS
(IMASUL, November 4th, 2010).
5
Phase
Status
Application
for
Installation
License
Other information
(IMASUL, November 4th, 2010)
Application
for
Installation
License
-
ELDORADO
Allowed to operate according to
Environmental regulations.
Already in
operation
since 2010.
No Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Environmental Basic Plan (PBA) were developed,
according to the exemption granted by State
regulations. The State issued an authorization in
case there is the need to cut vegetation for
eucalyptus plantation. In case of pasture land
conversion there is no need for previous
authorization.
Multimodal Terminal
(Aparecida do
Taboado)
ELDORADO
Application for Preliminary License:
Simplified Environmental ReportRAS was submitted to the state
environmental agency IMASUL:
application done on March/April,
2012.
Awaiting
Preliminary
License
Simplified Environmental Report - RAS is being
analyzed by IMASUL, in order to provide the
preliminary license or request further
clarifications/complementation before issuing
Preliminary License.
Increase in federal
road traffic (BR 158)
between Industrial
Plant and Aparecida
do Taboado
ELDORADO
Environmental Study included on
Multimodal Terminal (Aparecida do
Taboado): Simplified Environmental
Report - RAS was submitted to the
state environmental agency
IMASUL (application done on
March/April, 2012).
Awaiting
Preliminary
License
Simplified Environmental Report-RAS is being
analyzed by IMASUL, in order to provide the
preliminary license or request further
clarifications/complementation before issuing
Preliminary License.
Responsibility
ELDORADO
Internal railway
extension (inside
pulp mill)
ELDORADO
Forestry operations
Project area
Pier Mooring close to
the industrial site
(IMASUL, November 4th, 2010).
6
ELDORADO has submitted to IMASUL a study
called EAP – Preliminary Environmental Study, to
change in 300m the coordinates of the pier which
were informed in the EIA.
Project area
Multimodal Terminal
(Pederneiras)
Responsibility
EGTM Navegação
(Torque)
and
MRS LOGÍSTICA
The licensing procedures at
Multimodal Terminal will be
managed by EGTM Navegação
(Torque).
Phase
Status
-
The licensing procedures at railway
extension will be managed by MRS
LOGÍSTICA.
Other information
According to the Service Agreement signed by
Eldorado and EGTM (December 22th, 2011),
EGTM Navegação (Torque) agrees to observe and
comply with environmental legislation, being
responsible for fines and notices of violation of
activities directly related to the transportation of
cellulose, and is responsible for obtaining and
maintaining any permits or licenses required by
public agencies, due to the object of the contract.
Additionally, the adjustments of the railway
extension access in Pederneiras, will be performed
by MRS LOGÍSTICA. The licensing procedures
will be managed by this company, as reported by
ELDORADO.
Construction and
adaptation of existing
structures at the Port
of Santos
ELDORADO, Hipercon
Terminais de Carga
Ltda and
MRS LOGÍSTICA
Temporary warehouse: installation
license issued by CETESB. To be
operated by Hipercon.
Warehouse III and VIII: operating
permit under Rodrimar’s name
(previous owner) - warehouse III
nº18001394 has been issued on
28/12/2009 and is valid until
28/12/2013; operating permit for
warehouse VIII nº 18001731 has
been issued on 03/10/2011 and is
valid until 13/07/2014.
-
Temporary warehouse: the licensing procedures
are managed by Hipercon;
Warehouse III, VIII, XIII and XVIII: future
licensing procedures will be managed by
ELDORADO;
MRS Logística will be responsible for the
adjustments of the railway extension access, and
its licensing, as reported by ELDORADO.
Warehouse XIII and XVIII: not yet
licensed.
7
Project area
Construction and
adaptation of existing
structures at the Port
of Santos
Responsibility
ELDORADO, Hipercon
Terminais de Carga
Ltda and
MRS LOGÍSTICA
Phase
Status
Other information
Warehouses IX and XII: in process
of acquisition.
MRS Logística will construct
adjustment at the temporary area
and the railway extension access.
Adjustments of the
railway extension
access to Aparecida
do Taboado
ELDORADO
The construction and licensing
procedures will be managed by
ELDORADO.
-
Adjustments of the railway extension access in
Aparecida do Taboado will be performed by
ELDORADO. The licensing procedures will be
Existing Waterway –
Tiete River (from
Industrial Plant to
Pederneiras)
ETGM Navegação
The licensing procedures at the
waterway are managed by EGTM
Navegação (Torque).
Already in
operation.
Existing and operating waterway. Specific
responsibilities are covered by a contract.
External and existing
Railway (MRS)
MRS LOGÍSTICA
Already licensed (MRS LOGÍSTICA
responsibility).
Already in
operation.
Existing and operating railway.
External and existing
Railway (ALL)
ALL (América Latina
Logística)
Already licensed (ALL
responsibility).
Already in
operation.
Existing and operating railway.
8
1.2
BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING PROCESS OVERVIEW
It should be pointed out if the intended activities demand an environmental
permit. The Resolutions 01/86 and 237/97 issued by Federal Environmental
Council – CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente) treat about the
environmental permitting at federal level and define that the licensing is
required for the construction, installation, enlargement and operation of
establishments and activities which use environmental resources and are
considered as effective or potential polluters or can cause environmental
degradation. The Annex 1 of the CONAMA Resolution 237/97 presents the
list of activities and establishments which are subject to environmental
permitting.
The next step required is to decide which environmental authority is
responsible for the analysis. The Resolutions mentioned above define the rules
for determining which sphere of authority (federal, state or municipal) is
indicated for the analysis, regarding the dimensions of the impacts generated
by the activities/establishment.
Federal Scope – Permit provided by (IBAMA ( Instituto Brasileiro do Meio
Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis) the Brazilian Institute of
Environment and Renewable Natural Resources
Establishments and activities:
I. Located or developed jointly at Brazil and adjacent Country; at territorial
ocean waters; at the continental shelf; at the exclusive economic zone; at
indigenous lands or at Federal preservation areas;
II. Located or developed at two or more States;
III.Which of direct environmental impacts outreach the territorial boundaries
of the Country or of one or more States;
IV. Purposed to investigate, to explore, to produce, to process, to transport, to
store and to dispose of radioactive material, at any stage, or
activities/establishments that use any kind of nuclear power for any kind
of purpose, authorized by the National Commission of Nuclear Energy
(CNEN); and
V. Military bases or establishments, whenever applicable, considered the
specific legislation.
9
Licensing process under Federal Scope
The environmental licensing process of activities that are considered potential
sources of pollution or present potential environmental impacts is regulated at
the Federal level by Federal Law 6938/81; Federal Decrees 99274/90 and
3942/01; CONAMA Resolution 001/86 and CONAMA Resolution 237/97.
The governmental agency responsible for analyzing the permits requirements
is the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources –
IBAMA.
The regulations mentioned above describe the main characteristics of the
Federal Licensing:
 Three general permit stages: Preliminary Permit (Licença Prévia – LP),
Installation Permit (Licença de Instalação – LI) e Operation Permit (Licença de
Operação – LO);
 Permitting procedure start point for great impacting establishments/
activities: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (Estudo de Impacto
Ambiental - EIA). On less impacting cases it must be required only a
Preliminary Environmental Report (Relatório Ambiental Preliminar – RAP), a
Simplified Environmental Report (Relatório Ambiental Simplificado – RAS) or
other type of assessment; and
 It does not guarantee for the applicant the status quo in force when of its
bestowal (= temporal stability).
The Federal Regulations mentioned before also indicate that the
environmental authorities shall make licensing procedures compatible with
the planning and implementation steps of new projects. That is the reason
why the permitting is divided into three phases:
Preliminary Permit (Licença Prévia - LP)
It is issued at the preliminary scheming phase of the establishment/activity,
approving its location and conception, certifying its environmental viability
and laying down the essential prerequisites and circumstances to be followed
during the following phases.
Expiration Term: at least the period stated by the timeline of the plans,
programs and projects related to the establishment/ activity, not being greater
than 5 years.
10
Installation Permit (Licença de Instalação - LI)
This permit authorizes the construction/ installation of the establishment/
activity, according to the specifications listed in the approved plans, programs
and projects, including the environmental control measures and other
conditions.
Expiration Term: at least the period stated by the establishment /activity
installation timeline, not being greater than 6 years.
Operation Permit (Licença de Operação - LO)
The last stage of licensing authorizes the operation of the establishment/
activity. It is issued after verified the fulfillment of the technical requirements
established by the previous permits, including the environmental control
measures, and the conditions established for the proper operation procedures.
Expiration Terms: varies from 4 to 10 years.
According to the CONAMA Resolution 237/97, article 14, the governmental
agency responsible for the permits issuing has a maximum period of 6 months
to analyze the requirements. Whenever an EIA is required, the maximum
period is 12 months.
Existing plants/ facilities/ developments must obtain new environmental
permits whenever any processes are changed, any facilities are expanded or
new facilities are constructed, which includes any new equipment or building.
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
CONAMA Resolution 01/86 requires that Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment (EIA) must be conducted by developers for new projects or
expansions of projects listed in Article 2, including mining facilities, railways,
ports, pipelines, transmission lines above 230 kV, energy power plants above
10 MW etc. However, this list is only indicative, allowing State or Municipal
agencies to require an EIA for other planned industries or enlargement of
existing ones.
An EIA and its report RIMA - Environmental Impact Report (Relatório de
Impacto Ambiental) must be developed, submitted to the environmental
protection agency and to a public hearing, reviewed and approved before the
issuing of the Preliminary Permit.
The authorities responsible for the EIA review at Federal Level are the IBAMA
and CONAMA, and at State Level is the Environment Office/Environmental
Council of the respective State.
11
CONAMA Resolution 01/86 also indicates that the EIA must be conducted by
a qualified multidisciplinary team, independent of the project entrepreneur.
Alterations, Suspensions and Annulments
All the 3 stages of permit described previously, besides having an expiration
term, are also subject of alterations, suspensions and annulments. These
actions can happen on the following cases:
 Violation or unsatisfactory fulfillment of any legal rule or circumstance;
 Omission or misdirection of relevant information during the permitting
process; and
 Occurrence of severe environmental and/or heath risks.
Publicity
According to the Federal Regulations, the permits must be publicly
announced. This measure was created in order to allow the stakeholders to
take part on the licensing procedure. As stated by the CONAMA Resolution
006/86, “all the permit requests, renewing and issuing must be published at
the official journal, as well as at regional or local periodicals of great
circulation”. Failure in doing so causes the cancellation of the permit by the
government or the judicial power, by means of a class action.
State Scope – Permit provided by a State Agency
Establishments and activities:
I. Located or developed at two or more Municipal Districts, or at State
preservation areas;
II. Located or developed at forests or at any other formations of natural
vegetation which are considered of permanent preservation, according to
the 2° article of the Federal Law 4771/65, and at all other areas considered
of permanent preservation due to federal, state or municipal regulations;
III.Which of direct environmental impacts outreach the territorial boundaries
of one or more Municipal Districts; and
IV. Assigned by the Union to the States, by means of legal document or pact.
12
Municipal Scope – Permit provided by a Municipal Agency
Establishments and activities of local environmental impact and the ones
assigned by the State to the Municipal Districts, by means of legal document
or pact, after consulted the Union, the States and the Federal District.
Figure 1.1 summarizes these key stages of the EIA process on Federal Scope.
Figure 1.1
Key stages of the EIA process on Federal Scope
Submit a letter to IBAMA
2 months
Submit the FCE
Present and explain
the project enterprise
LEGEND
1 month
Issuance of the
Reference Term
6 to 8 months
Activities
Reports
Elaborate and file EIA/RIMA
Decisions
Publication of the
Preliminary permit
applying
12 months
Amend Plan
Not Approved
Normal flow
EIA/RIMA evaluation
Possible
iteration
Public Hearings
Possible
flow
Approved
Preliminary Permit
Publication of the
Preliminary permit
concession
1 month
Elaborate PBA
Evaluation of Plan by:
Authorities
6 months
Approved
Installation Permit
Not Approved
Publication of the
Installation permit
concession
1 month
Elaborate Final Report
Evaluation by
Authorities
> 6 months
Approved
Not Approved
Operation Permit
Publication of the
Operation permit
concession
13
1.2.1
Licensing under Mato Grosso do Sul State Scope
Each State has some particularities regarding the environmental permitting
procedures.
The Mato Grosso do Sul State Environmental Licensing process follows the
Federal regulations and establishes complementation to the State and local
responsibilities.
The laws and resolutions bellow summarize the legislation on the subject.
Mato Grosso do Sul State Law nº 2257/01 establishes the guidelines for state
environmental licensing and the time for issuance of Licenses and
Environmental authorizations.
According to art. 4 the procedure for environmental licensing must follow
the steps listed below:
I. Environmental license requirement by the entrepreneur, accompanied by
the documents appropriately filled out and following the legal and material
requirements, projects and environmental studies requested and its
publicity;
II. Documents, projects and environmental studies analysis presented and
technical inspections, when necessary;
III. Public Hearings, when necessary, according to the regulations;
IV. Explanations and clarifications may be requested due to the analysis of
the public hearings; and
V. Issuance of the permit and publication of the permit concession.
In art. 6 the specific procedures for environmental license authorization are
defined, as well as the unique characteristics of a project or activity, for
instance, simplified procedures for low potential environmental impact
which will be approved by State Environmental Control Council.
Art. 8 define the limit date for notifications or expiration dates for licenses.
According to art. 14 municipalities are responsible for environmental
licensing of enterprises and activities considered to have local impact, as well
as those delegated by IMASUL – Environmental Institute of Mato Grosso do
Sul State (Instituto de Meio Ambiente do Mato Grosso do Sul) by legal instrument
or agreement.
14
SEMA Resolution nº 1 from January 26th, 1989 establishes the State
Environmental Licensing service for pollutant activities, defining the process
which consists in obtaining three permits: Preliminary, Installation and
Operating permits and the activities subjected to it.
State Decree nº 10.600 from December 19th, 2001 establishes the technical and
administrative cooperation between state and municipal environmental
agencies aiming the licensing and inspection of activities with local
environmental impacts.
State Decree nº 11.204 from May 7th, 2003 establishes the State jurisdiction for
environmental licensing in Mato Grosso do Sul State.
SEMA/IMAP Resolution nº 01, from April 30th, 2003 establishes the
procedures for environmental licensing process analysis.
According to Organic Law of Três Lagoas/MS city nº 1.795 from July 16th,
2002 the municipality is responsible to legislate about local public interests,
complementing Federal and State regulations; promote spatial order through
use and soil occupation control among others.
1.3
THE ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING STATUS OF ELDORADO PULP MILL
ELDORADO’s activities in the city of Três Lagoas, State of Mato Grosso do Sul
-MS consists in the installation of a bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp mill,
eucalyptus homogeneous reforestation and related infrastructure such as pier,
railway and power transmission lines. The Pulp mill is located on the road BR
158, km 231, Fazenda Santa Vera in the municipality of Três Lagoas in the
center western region of Brazil.
The pulp mill has been granted, to date, with Preliminary and Installation
Permits by the State Environment Agency IMASUL – Mato Grosso do Sul
Environmental Institute (Instituto de Meio Ambiente do Mato Grosso do Sul).
The Installation Permit – LI refers to the second step of the environmental
licensing process, which includes the approval of the environmental and
social impact assessment (EIA) and also the proposed environmental
monitoring plans outlined in the Impact Assessment Study and then detailed
within an Environmental Basic Plan - PBA (Plano Básico Ambiental).). The
technical requirements of both licenses are being implemented. Therefore, the
company is in compliance regarding the environmental licensing process.
The process began in 2009 with the elaboration of the EIA for a Pulp mill
developed by the former owner of the entrepreneurship Florestal
Investimentos Florestais S⁄A (Florestal). Florestal has developed a strategic
eucalyptus cultivation and also partnership and leasing contracts of wood in
15
Três Lagoas, Selvíria, Água Clara, Inocência, Aparecida do Taboado in Mato
Grosso do Sul state and also other cities in the state of São Paulo.
During the EIA analysis process the Environmental Agency IMASUL
conducted a Public Hearing held on December 3rd, 2009, at 7pm in Três Lagoas
city, in Centro de Eventos Leiloado at Road BR 262, km 11.
ELDORADO Brasil received the Preliminary License LP nº 314/2009. After
this, a complementary study called Basic Environmental Project (Projeto
Básico Ambiental - PBA) was developed in order to detail the environmental
programs proposed in the EIA and to comply with the technical requirements
imposed on the LP by the Environmental Agency.
In this phase of the project it was decided that the power transmission lines,
railway, pier and fuel station would have distinct licensing process and
therefore would require their own preliminary, installation and operating
licenses. The forest is not subject to environmental licensing process.
The environmental programs PBA (Plano Básico Ambiental) Basic
Environmental Plans are currently being implemented.
After the elaboration of the PBA, public meetings were held with stakeholders
representing all the society sectors in order to create a transparent process and
take in account different opinions.
Therefore, after analysis of documents from the environmental agency,
ELDORADO received the Installation License nº 17/2011 issued on February
24th, 2011. The Installation License is valid until March 26th, 2013.
ELDORADO has recently decided to include a sodium chloride
manufacturing plant at the site, instead of transporting the sodium chloride by
tank trucks from market suppliers. As a result, it applied for an Installation
Permit for the plant expansion on August 31st, 2011. Additionally, it
developed an environmental study (EAP – Estudo Ambiental Preliminar) and
a risk analysis, considering the presence of the sodium chloride plant to
subsidize the licensing process. The Installation Permit for the sodium
chloride plant has not been issued to date.
The company foresees the completion of installation in November, 2012.
Afterwards it will apply for the Operating Permit. In the meantime,
ELDORADO applied for a permit for the commissioning stage on November
18th, 2011 in order to include in the Installation Permit the commissioning of:
pulp production, chemical recovery, utilities and production systems for
sodium chloride, chlorine dioxide and oxygen.
16
The company has other licensing processes as follows below:





Operation License nº 83/2011 from November 27th , 2010 for electrical
substation – currently supplying energy to the construction works;
Installation License nº 148/2011 from July 7th, 2010 for electrical substation
– currently installing on site;
Preliminary License nº 135/2010 from November 4th, 2010 for the pier –
Reportedly ELDORADO has submitted to IMASUL a study called EAP –
Preliminary Environmental Study, to change in 300m the coordinates of
the pier which were informed in the EIA;
Preliminary License nº 137/2010 from November 4th, 2010 for the fuel
station – The concessionaire of the fuel station is Petrobras and, reportedly,
this company is responsible to issue the documentation for Installation
and Operation License, since they will be operating the station and
Preliminary License nº 136/2010 from November 4th, 2010 for rail
extension inside the enterprise.
All the licenses listed above are currently valid.
1.4
FORESTRY OPERATIONS LICENSING
For the forestry activities no Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and
Environmental Basic Plan (PBA) were developed, according to the exemption
granted by State regulations.
The State legislation requires Florestal to issues to IMASUL - state
environmental agency - "Planting Informative" of the concerning areas for
such activity as well as the appropriate "environmental clearance for cutting of
planted forests."
These documents demand proof of preservation of legally protected areas.
The legally protected areas, such as legal reserve and permanent preservation
areas are defined by Brazilian legislation. Reportedly, it is expected an average
use of 65% of the properties. According to information provided on site visit
from the total of 32,295 m² of legally protected areas, 24,044 m² are legal
reserves and 8,251m² are permanent preservation areas. Relating to the legal
reserves, reportedly 13% of all legal reserves are submitted and recognized by
the environmental agency, 53% has been submitted to the environmental
agency for approval and 34% has signed term of commitment for proof of
legal reserve within two years.
According to documents samples of eucalyptus cultivating areas, provided
during site visit, ELDORADO complies with licensing requirements and
procedures with the state environmental agency.
17
1.5
LOGISTICS PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL LICENSING PROCESS
Herein is described the licensing process of the Multimodal Terminal in
Aparecida do Taboado, the Terminal in Pederneiras – SP, Temporary and
future warehouses in Santos Port Terminal-SP.
1.5.1
Licensing under Federal scope
Description of licensing under Federal scope is already presented in section
1.2. The following information is concerned specifically to the Logistics
Licensing Process.
The Federal Law nº. 8630 of February 25th, 1993, deals with the legal operation
of organized ports and port facilities and other measures.
ANTAQ Resolution nº. 830, July 11, 2007 approves the leasing program of
areas and port facilities in port of Santos.
MMA Ordinance nº. 424/2011, provides for specific procedures to be applied
by IBAMA in environmental regulation of ports and port terminals, as well as
those granted to Companhia Docas.
The area of the Organized Port of Santos is composed in accordance with
Ordinance No. 1021 of 12/20/93, of the Ministry of Transport by:
a) the existing land port facilities on the right bank of the estuary formed by
the islands of Sao Vicente and Santo Amaro, from Ponta da Praia to
Alemoa and on the left bank, from the island of Barnabé to the confluence
of the Rio Santo Amaro, including all piers, docks, bridges, piers and
mooring berths, warehouses, yards, buildings in general, internal
circulation roads and rail roads, and also the land along these marginal
bands and their surroundings, belonging to the Union, incorporated or not
the property of the Port of Santos, or under its custody and responsibility,
including also the Itatinga Hydroelectric Power Plant and the range of
domain of its transmission lines, and
b) for infrastructure protection and waterway access, such as anchorage areas,
evolution basin, the access channel until the parallel 23 º 52 '15 "south and
adjacent to the banks of the ground facilities of the oganised Port as defined
in letter "a" above, which is or will be constructed and maintained by the
Port or other agency of government.
1.5.2
Licensing under Mato Grosso do Sul State Scope
The Mato Grosso do Sul State Environmental Licensing process follows the
Federal regulations and establishes complementation to the State and local
responsibilities.
18
According to SEMAC Resolution nº. 008 of May 31, 2011, it was established
the documentation required for environmental licensing of an infrastructure
project, such as the multimodal terminal with an area of up to 10,000 m²,
which is ELDORADO’s case. To obtain the preliminary license it is required to
submit the following studies to the state environmental agency (IMASUL):
RAS - Simplified Environmental Report, PBA - Basic Environmental Plan and
Form of linear works. In addition, to obtain the operating permit it is required
the RTC-Technical Report of Completion. In this case, the installation license is
not required.
1.5.3
Licensing under São Paulo state scope
The São Paulo State Environmental Licensing process follows the Federal
regulations and establishes complementation to the State and local
responsibilities.
In the State of São Paulo, CETESB is the agency assigned with the authority to
issue permits for potential pollution sources, including industrial activities.
SMA (State Secretary of Environment) reviews licensing procedures for other
potential pollution sources in the event a Environmental Impact Assessment
exists, in accordance with Federal regulations.
According with the State Law 997, issued on May 31st, 1976, modified by Law
9477/96, every installation, construction or enlargement and operation of
pollutant sources listed in this law are subject to prior authorization by the
Environmental Authority via permits.
Permits issued by the Environmental State Authority include:
 Preliminary Environmental Permit – LP (Licença Prévia): issued during the
planning of a pollution source. LP contains the basic requirements that
must be complied with during the location, installation and operation of
the project;
 Installation Environmental Permit – LI (Licença de Instalação): this permit
authorizes the installation / construction of the project; and
 Operating Environmental Permit - LO (Licença de Operação): authorizes
the operation of the site and any environmental control equipment, in
accordance with LP and LI requirements.
The expiration date of the permits will be defined by the Environmental
Agency, depending on the projects potential for polluting. An Operating
Environmental Permit has a validity of approximately 5 years.
State Decree 8468 issued on September 08, 1976 regulates State Law 997/76.
Title V of the State Decree, modified by State Decree 47397/02, establishes the
19
permitting requirements for São Paulo State. Pollution sources subject to an
Environmental Permit are listed in Article 57 of State Decree 8468/76. Annex
10 of State Decree 8468/76 defines the projects subjected to LP. Article 58-A of
State Decree 8468/76, presents the activities subjected to an Installation Permit
and Article 62 establishes the activities subjected to an Operating Permit.
According to Article 58-A of State Decree 8468/76, the Installation Permit
should be obtained for:
 The construction, reconstruction, enlargement or renovation of any
building where a potential pollution source is installed;
 The installation of a new potential pollution source in an existing building;
and
 The installation, enlargement or alteration of a pollution source.
According to Article 62 of State Decree 8468/76, the LO should be obtained
for:
 Use of a new building or modification to an existing building where a new
pollution source will be installed;
 The operation of a pollution source within an existing building;
 The operation pollution source already installed, enlarged or modified; and
 Land subdivision, detachment condominium and housing development,
prior to occupation, and cemeteries.
Article 59 of State Decree 8468/76 states that a Municipal Certificate is
required when a facility applies for the installation permit, in order to verify if
the location and type of the installation are in accordance with municipal
legislation.
Article 71 of the State Decree 8468/76 states that the pollution sources already
covered by an Operating Permit obtained prior to December 04, 2002 will be
contacted by CETESB during the next five years, in order to update the
permit.
State Decree 47397, issued on December 04, 2002 modify State Decree 8468/76
and establishes deadlines for installation and operating permits applications,
expiration dates of operating permits and the fees charged for issuing a
permit.
State Decree 47400/02 issued on December 04, 2002 regulates State Law
9505/97 and establishes expiration dates for each type of environmental
20
permit and the conditions for the permit renewal. The Operating Permit will
be valid for a period ranging from 2 to a maximum of 10 years.
SMA Resolution 22, issued on May 17th, 2007 establishes the unification and
integration of environmental permitting in the State of São Paulo, and also
modifies permitting procedures for those activities listed in its
attachments.The intermodal Terminal in Pederneiras will be managed and
operated by a third party company which will be responsible for all
environmental licesing procedures as detailed below.
1.5.4
Port Licensing
There are different agencies with responsibilities related to environmental
controls in the area affected by the operations of the port of Santos: CODESP,
which coordinates and monitors the progress of environmental management;
the Navy, who must control the ships and pollution episodes caused by them,
as well as channels and tide lands; the State Environmental Agency (CETESB),
tasked with overseeing potentially polluting activities, monitor the
environment and perform the licensing of activities that modify the
environment; and the Federal Environmental Agency, IBAMA which is also
responsible for environmental licensing.
The Board of IBAMA Environmental Licensing, along with some state
environmental agencies (OEMA), are adopting the criteria of location in the
territorial sea or internal waters for the definition of competence of jurisdiction
of environmental agencies to conduct the environmental permits for ports. To
do so, they are using the demarcation of straight baselines established by
Federal Decree 4,983/2004.
It is clear that, in accordance with Article 1 of Federal Law nº 8,617/1993, the
Brazilian territorial sea is a belt of twelve nautical miles wide, measured from
the low tide line of the coastal mainland and islands, as indicated in largescale charts officially recognized in Brazil. In locations where the coastline is
indented and cut deep or where there is a fringe of islands along the coast in
its immediate vicinity, it is adopted the method of straight baselines
connecting the appropriate points for drawing the baseline, from which to
measure the extent of territorial sea.
According to the Federal Decree 4,983/2004, in all other parts of the mainland
and island coasts of Brazil, where there were delimited straight baselines, are
adopted Baseline Standard, as indicated in the large scale charts published by
the Board Hydrography and Navigation of the Navy of Brazil. Also according
to its Article 4, the Straight and Normal Baselines should be used only as a
source for the trace of the outer limits of the territorial sea, the contiguous
zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, whose concepts are
specified in the Act No 8,617/1993.
21
Regarding the definition of internal waters, it can be found in the Federal Law
9,966/2000 and at least two CONAMA Resolution n. 344/2004 and n.
392/2005. According to these legal instruments, would be those waters:
 between the coast and the line-of-base line, from which the territorial sea is
measured;
 waters of the ports;
 of the bays;
 the rivers and their estuaries;
 of lakes, ponds and canals;
 of the islands; and
 the waters from the shallows and the discovery coast.
Thus, in the case of the Port of Santos, both the port itself and the disposal
area where oceanic sediments are disposed of dredging are located under the
legal point of view, in internal waters. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that
the licensing outside the organized port (which will be the temporary
warehouse managed and owned by a third party company and also
warehouses III, VIII, XIII and XVIII purchased by ELDORADO) is the State
Environmental Agency (CETESB) responsibility under the management of
Management Port Authority (CODESP).
In accordance with the provisions of Federal and State Environmental
legislation (mainly the CONAMA Resolution 237/1997 and the State Decree
47,400/2002) CETESB sets out the developments and port activities to be
licensed.
The permanent areas of the organized port, warehouses IX to XII, are licensed
under Federal Environmental Agency (IBAMA).
1.5.5
Environmental Licensing Status
Aparecida do Taboado - MS
As previously explained, ELDORADO acquired a parcel of land, with 61.7
hectares, which was part of a farm (Fazenda Boa Esperança) to build the
multimodal terminal in Aparecida do Taboado, in Mato Grosso do Sul state.
Reportedly, the area in which the warehouses will be built is aproximatelly
from 7,000 to 8,000m². Therefore, ELDORADO has hired Poyry Silviconsult in
order to develop the Simplified Environmental Report-RAS required for
issuance of Preliminary License. The study was developed and reportedly
22
submitted to the state environmental agency IMASUL. The study is being
analysed by IMASUL, in order to provide the preliminary license or request
further clarifications/ complementations before issuing such license.
Reportedly, the adjustments of the railway extension access in Aparecida do
Taboado, will be performed ALL (América Latina Logística). As informed, the
licensing procedures and related vegetation suppression with its
compensations will be managed by this company.
Pederneiras - SP
Reportedly, a warehouse will be constructed by ELDORADO, with
approximately 6,000-m² covered area, in Pederneiras. ELDORADO has hired
EGTM Navegação (Torque) which already owns a multimodal terminal and
will expand its facility boundaries in other to meet the demand.
Regarding this company hired to work in the cellulose logistics waterways of,
it was reported that the Service Agreement signed by the parties on December
22, 2011 has an item referring that EGTM Navegação (Torque) agrees to
observe and comply with environmental legislation, being responsible for
fines and notices of violation of activities directly related to the transportation
of cellulose, and is responsible for obtaining and maintaining any permits or
licenses required by public agencies, due to the object of the contract.
Therefore, ELDORADO stated that has no responsibility regarding permits or
licensing of the area.
Reportedly, the adjustments of the railway extension access in Pederneiras,
will be performed MRS LOGÍSTICA S.A. As informed, the licensing
procedures and related vegetation suppression with its compensations will be
Santos-SP
The port of Santos is a logistic complex, with countless facilities, with a share
of common use, under the management of the Port Administration - CODESP,
and partly directed to cargo handling, directly operated by private entities,
under leasing agreements. There are few private use terminals in the
organized area of the port. These private companies have the use of the area
where they are.
The port is equipped with rail to rail transit and railroads that serve it, and has
areas for the storage of general cargo, including containers, dry and liquid
bulk, and the entire complex is managed by CODESP and policed by port
guard.
According to information available on IBAMA’s website, CODESP is currently
23
going through a regularization process and has been granted with the
Installation License nº 852/2011 on December 23rd, 2011.
Reportedly, the railway to be used by the leased land is property of MRS
LOGÍSTICA S.A. According information provided during interview with
ELDORADO staff, in order to built the rail extension needed for wagons
maneuver, approximately 1.5km, the state agency would require an expansion
plan from MRS. The area is close to mangrove vegetation considered as
preservation area by the Brazilian Environmental Legislation (Forest Code).
Therefore, it is possible that MRS be subjected to compensation plans for the
suppression areas.
The temporary warehouse, in which was established a service provision
contract out of the organized port of Santos, is owned by Hipercon Terminais
de Cargas Ltda which currently has installation license according information
provided on CETESB’s website. ELDORADO has informed that the area will
be operated by this company which will be responsible for obtaining and
maintaining environmental permits and licenses, as well as for complying
with the environmental legislation. Reportedly, the area of warehouses III,
VIII, XIII and XVIII, inside the previously mentioned Elmar Terminal, has
been purchased by ELDORADO from Rodrimar S/A Transportes
Equipamentos Industriais e Armazéns Gerais. Evidence has not been
provided. Operating permits for warehouses III and VIII are currently under
Rodrimar’s name, according information on CETESB’s website. Operating
permit for warehouse III nº18001394 has been issued on December 28th, 2009,
and its valid until December 28th, 2013; operating permit for warehouse VIII nº
18001731 has been issued on October 3rd, 2011, and its valid until July 13th,
2014. No information has been provided regarding changes in the corporate
name of these permits.
Regarding the permanent warehouses IX to XII, ELDORADO has provided
the Letter of introduction of the project of Port Terminal Eldorado Brazil /
Santos-SP Portway submitted to IBAMA on March 3rd, 2011, showing that the
following items were issued:
 Illustrative picture of terminal project (former sugar terminal);
 Plan of leased areas and planned to lease in the port of Santos;
 Layout plan- conceptual design - Terminal Eldorado; and
 Layout plan of the future passenger terminal in Santos/ SP.
According to IBAMA’s website, Terminal Eldorado Brasil (regarding
warehouses IX to XII) is in the initial phase of licensing and has requested a
term of reference; however the area is still not offered by CODESP in a public
tender process.
24
1.6
PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS
The CONAMA Resolution 01 /86 which established the criteria and
guidelines for the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment in the Brazil,
as well as the CONAMA Resolution 237/97 that improved this
environmental protection public policy, require a Public Hearing as condition
for the Preliminary Environmental License issue of all Projects that can cause
significant environmental and social impacts.
ELDORADO has the following consultation initiatives:
 For the purpose of social economic diagnosis, a sample of citizens and local
governmental authorities were interviewed to identify vulnerability of the
region;
 For the development of the Inventory of Areas of High Biodiversity study,
stakeholders were consulted to identify the areas of high biodiversity
important to the community and the use of it;
 As a result of the local vulnerabilities identified at the social economic
diagnosis, local governmental representatives were consulted by
ELDORADO to identify projects that could be supported by ELDORADO;
 During PTEAS - Economic, Environmental and Social Technical Project
(“Projeto Técnico Econômico, Ambiental e Social”) process, neighbors of the
lands were ELDORADO’s operate receive information about ELDORADO
and orientation on how to contact the company;
 Forums and public hearings were held for the purpose of the industry
license process and disclosure information about the EIA and PBA and
identified community concerns about the project; and
 A public hearing for the forestry project will be held for certification
purpose and the Forest Management Plan will be disclosured.
A community relationship plan is being developed. No physical resettlement
was carried out by ELDORADO, and, according to ELDORADO, neither
economic resettlement, for which there is no consultation initiative in place.
2
THE ELDORADO PROJECT BACKGROUND
ELDORADO BRASIL is engaged in the production of pulp and paper, being
one of the major global players in this sector. It is composed by the following
assets/activities: industrial, forest and logistics. The main characteristics of
each one are:
25
 Industrial site: the industrial complex is being installed in Três Lagoas,
State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The startup is estimated as November/2012
and the total installed capacity will be 4.5 MM tons, divided into 3 (three)
lines:
 Line 1: 1.5 MM tons (2012);
 Line 2: 1.5 MM tons (2017); and
 Line 3: 1.5 MM tons (2021).
The industrial production will be based on the Kraft process and on the
concept of having the BAT – Best Available Technology. The industrial
process is described in Section 2.1.
The workforce in the industrial project is currently composed by:
 Employees directly hired by ELDORADO: 186 (36 women and 150 men);
and
 Contractors (workers engaged by third parties, who are performing work
for the construction phase of the project): 7,750 (total workers, estimated),
out of which approximately 6,195 are workers that are not originally from
the area.
 Forestry Operations: currently covers 134 farms, of which approximately
10% is owned by ELDORADO, and 90% belongs to third party companies
with whom ELDORADO has established leasing contracts or partnership
arrangements. The total managed area will be:
 2012: 137,000 hectares;
 2017: 361,000 hectares; and
 2021: 413,000 hectares.
Currently, the planted area corresponds to 80,000 hectares (December,
2011) and an estimated 26,000 hectares will be planted annually.
The workforce in the Forestry Operations is composed of:
 Employees directly hired by ELDORADO: 1,515 (327 women and 1,188
men); and
 Contractors (workers engaged by third parties): 577 (50 women and 527
men).
26
The Forestry Operations are described in Section 3.2.
 Logistics project: described in section 3.3, will guarantee the production
transportation to clients. The majority of production will be exported
through Santos Port and, to accomplish that the Project establishes that
ELDORADO will be responsible for the construction of 2 (two) multimodal
terminals only, making use of third-party’s railway and roads, as the 2
(two) models described below:
 Model 1: road transportation from the industrial plant to Aparecida do
Taboado (90km) multimodal terminal, to be built by the Company and,
then, railroad transportation to Santos Port (900 km), where the product
will be loaded into ships for exportation. ELDORADO will improve a
terminal at the existing Santos Port for its needs; and
 Model 2: transportation from the industrial plant to Pederneiras
multimodal terminal (to be built by the Company) by barges through
Tietê river (350 km) and, then, using a third party railway (MRS) to
Santos Port (520 km), where the product will be loaded into ships for
exportation.
Exportation of pulp will be mainly to Europe (45%) and China (45%), with
a minor part destined to America (10%).
Figure 2.1 presents the location of all activities and assets described above.
27
Figure 2.1
Project Location Map
A. TaboadoSão Simão
Campo
Grande
São José
do Rio Preto
Três
Lagoas
Panorama
Ribeirão
Preto
Araçatuba
Araraquara
Marília
Ponta
Porã
Pederneira
Bauru
Botucatu
Piracicaba
Campinas
São Paulo
Porto
Tedesa

São Vicente
Santos



Forestry Operations and Industrial Assets: Três Lagoas (MS)
Logistics Terminals: A. Taboado (MS), Pederneira (SP) and Santos (SP)
Paraná River
Novoeste Railway
Ferroban Railway
City
Multimodal terminal
Port
Source: ELDORADO presentation to the banks, December/2011
28
ELDORADO BRASIL has the following shareholders:
 J&F – 58.4%;
 MJ Empreendimentos – 25.0%;
 Petros – 8.2%;
 Funcef – 8.2%; and
 Vitória Asset – 0.1%.
2.1
OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL SITE AND CURRENT STATUS
According to management representative of ELDORADO, the construction
initiated in June 2010. The current status of the implementation is that around
70% of the civil infrastructure has been installed and 7,750 contractor’s
personnel are working on-site (estimated). It is expected that, in March 2012,
the number of contractors working on site reaches the maximum of 8,000
workers, involved mainly in assembling of machines and production lines.
ELDORADO reported facing difficulties in local hiring for which around 80%
of contractors personnel are migrant workers from the Northeast or Central
West regions of Brazil. Around 60% of those workers are living in
accommodations provided by ELDORADO, while the other 40% are living in
accommodations provided by contractors.
Accommodations under ELDORADO responsibility are managed by a third
part company named Meta. This company is also responsible for monitoring
conditions of accommodations provided by contractors. The Engineering
Department of ELDORADO is responsible for the construction management.
The pulp mill operations, when completed, will comprise the following areas
 Wood handling
 Cooking;
 Unbleached pulp washing and screening;
 Oxygen delignification;
 White liquor oxidation;
 Pulp bleaching;
29
 Pulp drying;
 Pulp baling and storage;
 Production handling and storage of chemicals, including:
 Oxygen production;
 Hydrogen peroxide handling and storage;
 Sodium hydroxide handling and storage;
 Sulfuric acid handling and storage;
 Methanol handling and storage;
 Sodium chlorate production, handling and storage; and
 Chlorine dioxide production.
 Energy recovery, including:
 Black liquor evaporation;
 Recovery boiler;
 Power boiler (biomass-fueled); and
 Causticizing and lime kiln.
Pulp transport associated facilities, include:
 Pier for docking of barges that will be used for the produced pulp inland
water transportation; and
 Internal railway branch; and
 Energy production in a small power station and distribution through a
transmission line.
Other auxiliary installations that will be part of the complex include:
 Water intake and treatment;
 Boiler water treatment system;
30
 Wastewater treatment system;
 Utilities;
 Steam and energy generation and distribution;
 Fuel station; and
 Industrial/sanitary landfill.
Operation of the industrial complex is foreseen to start up in November 2012.
The following sections present a brief description of the production areas as
are being implemented. Emphasis is given, when appropriate, to the
environmental controls of each area, associated with effluents generation and
atmospheric emissions.
2.1.1
Wood Handling
Wood logs will be received from the forestry areas by trucks and debarked
through a dry debarking system (no effluents generation).
Debarked logs will be conveyed to a washing station. Water for wood
washing will be kept in closed circuit, thus not generating effluents. Industrial
water will be introduced into the system to compensate for losses.
After the washing station the wood logs will be chipped and chips stored in a
chip pile to be later fed to the digestion system. Prior to be fed to the digestion
system, chips will be classified and off-specification chips will be sent to the
biomass pile to be used as fuel in the power boiler.
2.1.2
Cooking
The adopted concept of the cooking plant is continuous digester, which is, as
reported, the current best available technology, not only associated with pulp
production itself, but also in what refers to environmental performance, given
that it allows better chemicals recovery, resulting in lower chemicals
consumption and efficient energy conservation.
Wood chips will be directed to the impregnation, where they are impregnated
with hot black liquor from the digester cooking zone. Impregnated chips will
then be fed to the top of the digester and flow downwards in controlled
temperature and pressure conditions, for a sufficient time to allow the
chemical reaction between the cooking liquor and the wood fibers bonding
components, mainly lignin.
31
After the chemical reactions in the digester, the cooking liquor is turned into
black liquor. The black liquor extracted from the digester is pumped through a
black liquor filter and heat exchanger (to recovery energy for the production
of hot water) before being sent to the weak black liquor tank in the
evaporation plant.
2.1.3
Pulp Washing and Screening
The brown stock (unbleached pulp) washing stage will accomplished using
recycled filtrates from subsequent stages, thus minimizing chemicals
consumption and effluent generation.
The main purpose is to remove impurities from the pulp prior to the
subsequent processing steps. Separation will mechanically accomplished by
screen plates. The accepted fraction will be conveyed to the washing stages
and the screening rejects will be sent back to the digester.
Washed pulp will be stored for subsequent delignification with oxygen.
2.1.4
Oxygen Delignification
The main goal of this stage is to remove residual lignin in the pulp, thus
reducing the chemicals consumption in the bleaching stages and the effluent
organic load.
In the delignification, the brown stock is mixed with oxidized white liquor
produced in the causticizing area or sodium hydroxide. Brown stock will be
conveyed to the delignification feeding tank and subsequently to the
delignification reactor, where oxygen produced in the mill will be injected.
The pulp will then be pumped to an additional screening and washing stage,
to remove organic and inorganic impurities. Washed pulp will then be stored
in the brown stock storage tank.
2.1.5
Pulp Bleaching
Pulp bleaching will be accomplished through an elementary chlorine-free
(ECF) bleaching system. The ECF process, with the use of chlorine dioxide as
the main bleaching agent, represents the current best available technology
regarding minimization of chlorinated organics (AOX) in the effluent.
In the future pulp mill, pulp washing will be accomplished by counter current
washing systems between the bleaching stages, thus minimizing the effluents
generation.
32
2.1.6
Pulp Drying and Baling
Bleached pulp will be stored in the bleached high-consistency pulp storage
tower and from the tower it will be pumped to the drying machine.
The drying machine is of the “floating sheet” type, in which the pulp floats on
a stem-heated hot-air “mattress”.
At the end of the drying machine, the pulp sheet will be cooled, cut and piled
to form 250-kg pulp bales, which will be transferred to the baling unit to form
2.0-ton bale groups. The 2.0-ton pulp bales will then piled and stored in the
bleached pulp warehouse prior to transportation to the port facilities for
export.
2.1.7
Chemicals Production, Handling and Storage
The chemicals production and handling facilities will include:
 Oxygen production
Oxygen will be produced on site by a third company (White Martins) in a
cryogenic air separator unit and will include liquid oxygen storage and
vaporizers to be used in case of abnormal conditions in the oxygen
production process, so as to guarantee the oxygen supply to the pulp mill.
Oxygen will be used, for example, in the delignification process and in the
white liquor oxidation.
 Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide will be transported to the pulp mill in tank trucks in
concentrated solution (50 to 60%) and stored in a storage tank. From the
storage tank it will be pumped to the bleaching lines.
 Sodium Hydroxide Storage and Handling
Sodium hydroxide 50% will be transported to the site in tank trucks and
transferred to storage tanks to be used in the liquor systems, oxygen
delignification, bleaching and other areas such as the boiler water
treatment and wastewater treatment.
 Methanol Handling and Storage
Methanol will be transported to the site by tank trucks and transferred to
the storage tank. From the storage tank, it will be pumped to the chlorine
dioxide plant.
33
 Sodium Chlorate Production and Storage
Originally, sodium chlorate was going be acquired in the market and
transported to the plant by tanker trucks.
Recently, after technical and economic feasibility studies, ELDORADO
decided to install a chlorate production plant on site. Reportedly,
environmental aspects had also a significant weight in the decision,
considering that instead of transporting the finished product, the site will
receive sodium chloride by trucks, thus minimizing environmental risks.
Sodium chlorate is the main raw material for the production of chlorine
dioxide that will be used in the bleaching line.
 Chlorine Dioxide Production
Chlorine dioxide will be produced on site through the methanol-based
method, by the reduction of sodium chlorate in acid media, using methanol
as reducing agent, to obtain a chlorine dioxide solution.
Chlorine dioxide will be used in the bleaching lines.
2.1.8
Energy Recovery
ELDORADO energy recovery system will include:
 Black Liquor Evaporation
The main goal of the evaporation is the concentration of the weak black
liquor form the cooking stage to be burned in the recovery boiler.
The evaporation system will concentrate the black liquor to a minimum
solids concentration of 80%. The evaporation system to be installed at
ELDORADO plant will be of the multi-stage indirect-contact type.
Evaporation condensates will be segregated in different quality degrees.
Cleaner condensates will be reused in the pulp washing processes.
Intermediate condensates will be reused in the causticizing plant. Foul
condensate will be treated in a gas/liquid separation column (stripping)
also allowing its reuse.
 Recovery Boiler
The main objective of the recovery boiler is to recover chemicals used in the
pulp production process and the generation of steam used in the
production process and for the generation of energy.
34
The main fuel of the recovery boiler is the concentrated black liquor
generated in the evaporation system. The organic matter present in the
black liquor provides the required calorific power for combustion and the
inorganic content (mainly sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide) that
leaves the boiler as smelt is re-dissolved in the smelt dissolution tank
generating the green liquor that will be further processed in the
causticizing area.
The recovery boiler to be installed at ELDORADO pulp mill will be of the
low-odor emission type, with indirect contact, thus reducing the pollutant
emissions to the atmosphere. It will also be equipped with high-efficiency
electrostatic precipitator to retain particulates.
Additionally, the recovery boiler will also be used as the primary control of
concentrated and diluted non condensable gases, thus minimizing odor
emissions.
 Power Boiler (biomass-fueled)
The power boiler will burn eucalyptus bark and wood rejects as fuel and
will work as a backup system for the treatment of concentrated and diluted
non-condensable gases, in case of abnormal operational conditions of the
recovery boiler.
The boiler capacity is:
 Burning Biomass only t/h 70;
 Burning Fuel Oil only t/h 120; and
 Burning Biomass and Fuel Oil t/h 105.
The power boiler will be equipped with a high-efficiency electrostatic
precipitator to retain particulates.
 Causticizing and Lime Kiln
The green liquor produced in the recovery boiler smelting dissolving tank
will be further processed in the causticizing area to produce the cooking
(white) liquor, through the reaction of sodium carbonate with sodium
oxide, producing sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, which will be
separated by filtration.
Green liquor will be fed to the causticizers to be converted into white
liquor, in one single line. Dregs and grits (inerts from the process) will be
dried and will constitute an industrial waste. In the original project,
ELDORADO would dispose of this waste in an industrial landfill to be
35
constructed in the complex. However, ELDORADO is currently
considering sending these wastes to a composting system to be later used
as fertilizer.
The calcium carbonate that is formed in the causticizing process will be
converted to calcium oxide to be used in the reaction with green liquor. The
operation will be achieved in a rotary lime kiln.
The lime kiln will be equipped with a high-efficiency electrostatic
precipitator to reduce the particulate emissions. The particulate removed
from the exhaust gases in the precipitator will return to the lime kiln, thus
reducing process losses and waste generation.
2.1.9
Pulp Transport and Associated Facilities
Finished bleached pulp will be transported to port facilities located in the city
of Santos, State of São Paulo, using preferably combined fluvial and rail
transportation.
An internal railway branch will be constructed providing a connection with
the existing railway system.
Similarly, a pier will be constructed at the site, allowing the transportation of
finished product by barges using the existing Paraná-Tietê hydro way until
the municipality of Pederneiras, located in the State of São Paulo
(approximately 350 km from the site) and from Pederneiras to the port
facilities via railway.
Alternatively, the finished product can be transported by trucks or integrated
highway-railway system, as described in Section 3.0.
2.1.10
Water Intake and Treatment
Water will be abstracted from Paraná River, downstream of the effluent
discharge outfall.
ELDORADO is authorized to abstract a total flow of 7, 500 m³/h from Paraná
River.
Water intake will include mechanically cleaned bar screens, water pumps and
a water pipeline that will convey the water to the treatment system.
The treatment system will consist of a parshall flume, where chemicals
(coagulant, flocculant, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide) will be
added. Subsequently the water will be submitted to flocculation, flotation,
clarification (with lamellae settlers) and filtration in gravity sand filters.
36
Treated water will be stored in a 30,000 m³ reservoir, including fire-fighting
water reserve (3,000 m³).
Clarifier sludge will be conducted to the wastewater treatment system and the
filters backwash water to the beginning of the treatment process.
For the construction stage, ELDORADO installed a temporary water
treatment plant, with the same unitary operations and 120-m³ capacity.
 Boiler Water Treatment
Treated water will be further treated in a reverse osmosis system to produce
demineralized water used for steam production in the boilers.
2.1.11
Wastewater Treatment System
Industrial effluents will be segregated into two lines: solids-containing
effluents and solids-free (low solids) effluent.
High solids effluent will be submitted to screening and primary clarification
prior to joining the low solids effluent in the neutralization tank, where the
effluent will have its pH adjusted. Primary sludge will be dewatered in screw
press and reportedly sold to be used as raw material by low-grade paper
producers or destined to a recycling central.
The effluent will then be cooled in a cooling tower to lower the temperature to
a suitable level for biological treatment.
The biological treatment, which will also treat the sanitary effluents, will
consist of an activated sludge system composed of an aerated selective reactor
(to eliminate filamentous organisms), an aeration tank, a secondary clarifier
and biological sludge recycle. The excess biological sludge will be dewatered
in a centrifuge system. Dewatered sludge will reportedly be treated in a
composting system to be used as fertilizer. It can alternatively be disposed of
in the industrial landfill to be constructed at the site.
The effluent treatment system will include an emergency lagoon, which will
receive off-specification effluents from the process areas, to be gradually
pumped to the wastewater treatment, in the neutralization tank, so as to avoid
operational disturbances.
Treated effluent will be discharged into Paraná River, via an effluent outfall,
upstream of ELDORADO’s water intake point.
For the construction stage, ELDORADO implemented a sanitary wastewater
treatment system consisting of an aerated lagoon followed by a polishing
37
lagoon. Treated sanitary effluent is being discharged to Paraná River, via a
temporary effluent outfall.
2.1.12
Waste Management
ELDORADO will construct an industrial landfill, designed to receive nonhazardous wastes (Class IIA and IIB, according to Brazilian classification
established in the standard ABNT NBR 10004). This landfill is included in the
environmental licensing of the industrial project and the current Installation
License establishes parameters for groundwater monitoring at the industrial
site, including the land of the future landfill.
The landfill will be constructed with compacted soil and will be lined with
synthetic (HDPE) membrane. It will be equipped with leak detection system
connected to a monitoring sump.
Leachate will be collected and pumped to the wastewater treatment system.
For the construction stage, ELDORADO is disposing of non-recyclable wastes
(mostly sanitary wastes) in a licensed sanitary landfill in Três Lagoas.
Concrete debris is currently being piled in an area within the property. This
waste is currently being crushed and will be used in the forest areas to cover
the access roads, so as to minimize waste disposal.
Hazardous wastes are being managed by a contractor, Podium, and are
currently being temporarily stored in specific areas near the construction
works, by each contractor prior to being removed, packed by Podium and sent
to their final disposal. Podium is currently constructing a central hazardous
waste temporary storage area.
Figure 2.2 shows the industrial site location and layout.
38
Figure 2.2
Industrial Site Location and Layout
39
BRASIL
N
N
NW
NE
NE
W
E
E
SW
SE
S
NW
SE
Amazonas
W
SW
RN
PB
S
PE
Acre
AL
Sergipe
Tocantins
Bahia
Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso
do Sul
Minas Gerais
Rio de Janeiro
Sta. Catarina
Rio Grande
do Sul
MATO GROSSO DO SUL
N
NW
NE
W
E
SW
SE
CLIENT
DESCRIPTION
Eldorado Brasil
0
150
300
SCALE 1:15.000km
SIZE A3 - FRAME 386 x 279 mm
450km
PROJECT
Environmental and Social Assessment of Industrial,
Forest and Logistics Projects, According to the IFC
Performance Standards and EHS Guidelines
WORK ORDER
Industrial Plant Location
EDITION CONTROL
04/19/2012
04/19/2012
EDITION
REVISION
THIS DOCUMENT IS PROPERTY OF
ERM BRASIL LTDA. AND CANNOT BE COPIED,
REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED BY ANY OTHER
MEANS, OR USED FOR PURPOSES DIFFERENT
OF THOSE FOR WHICH IT WAS DONE.
0152083
FIGURE / ANNEX
FIGURE 1.1
EDITOR / DESIGNER
CARLOS ROBERTO
TECHNICAL RESPONSABLE
CIP
SOURCE:Google Earth Pro - 2004.
0152083-1-Plant Lo
S
2.2
OVERVIEW OF FORESTRY OPERATIONS AND CURRENT STATUS
Activities and exploitation of eucalyptus plantation are being carried out on
behalf of the company Florestal Brasil (Florestal). ELDORADO Industrial and
Florestal have recently merged into one company, ELDORADO.
The forest areas will support the operation of the pulp mill. Reportedly, in
order to operate the first production line, an area of 162 thousand hectares of
eucalyptus cultivation will be necessary. Therefore, the goal is to plant 26
thousand hectares per year. Until December 2011 the planted area was 80
thousand hectares.
Regarding wood production it is expected a productivity of 40-50m³/year per
hectare, according to soil and zoning studies performed by ELDORADO.
Currently, according information provided during the site visit, 23.6% of the
land is owned by the company and 76.4% are leased or are object of
partnership contracts.
The operation also involves a seedling nursery, working with six different
eucalyptus clones, in an area of 159,000 m² in the municipality of Andradina in
São Paulo state. ELDORADO directly employs 1,566 people in 6 different
municipalities (Três Lagoas, Selvíria, Inocência, Água Clara, Santa Rita do
Pardo at Mato Grosso do Sul State). 88% of these workers are rural workers
and 37% of them are migrant workers from the states of Bahia, Maranhão,
Piauí and the municipality of Aquidauana in Mato Grosso do Sul state. All
migrant workers are men employed in planting and growing activities, which
include pesticides application, among other activities.
Women are hired in the above mentioned cities and employed at the seedling
nursery, which has 260 workers employed.
Besides, there are 534 contractors workers from two different companies:
Plantar, JS Florestal and Ruah.
The planting and maintenance, including the application of pesticides and
herbicides, are held by ELDORADO and contractors, Ruah, JS Florestal and
Plantar.
2.2.1
Management System
Regarding management system, the Forestry Operation has software for
project management which includes environmental activities such as
procedures regarding assessment of planting or wood cutting areas. A
procedure has been recently defined in order to assess economic,
40
environmental and social aspects of the owned, leased or partnership areas.
This procedure is called PTEAS – Economic, Environmental and Social
Technical Project (“Projeto Técnico Econômico, Ambiental e Social”) and it is
developed by a multidisciplinary team.
The Forestry Operation intends to have by 2017 all the wood used in the
project certified by FSC- Forest Stewardship Council. All the process that the
Forestry Operation manages will be certified.
The certification process will be conducted in phases. The first phase involves
all the existing planted wood and the ones to be planted until July 2012. Preaudit is scheduled for March 2012 and final audit in July 2012. After that
ELDORADO will include the new plantings in the scope year by year.
2.2.2
Forestry Operations Description
ELDORADO (Forestry Operations) is currently working with 4 models of
land contract:
 Land owned by ELDORADO;
 Leased land;
 Partnership land, and
 Wood supplier.
Land owned by ELDORADO:
ELDORADO is responsible for the whole forestry operations, which means
planting, maintenance, harvesting and transportation of the wood, employing
ELDORADO’s employees or contractors workers. It is also responsible for
complying with environmental legislation.
Leased Land:
ELDORADO rents the land for 14 years, 2 eucalyptus cycles. ELDORADO is
responsible for the whole forest operation, which means planting,
maintenance, harvesting and transportation of the wood, employing
ELDORADO’s employees or contractors workers.
Partnership land:
For partnership contracts, ELDORADO is in charge of the operation and its
costs, for which it will receive a percentage of wood production (80%). The
partner, the land owner, can choose to sell his percentage of the wood to
ELDORADO or others.
41
ELDORADO is also responsible for the whole forestry operations, which
means planting, maintenance, harvesting and transportation of the wood,
employment and/or contractors workers.
There are currently 121 partnership and leased land contracts in 12
municipalities: Água Clara/MS, Selvíria/MS, Três Lagoas/MS, Santa Rita do
Pardo/MS, Pontal do Araguaia/MT, Corumbá/MS, Alto Araguaia/MS,
Inocência/MS, Dois Irmãos do Buriti/MS, Ribas do Rio Pardo/MS, Aparecida
do Taboado/MS and Anastácio/MS.
To sign a contract for leased land and partnership, ELDORADO request the
land owner provide several documents to verify that the land is in compliance
with environmental and social legislation.
ELDORADO is responsible to operate the land in compliance with Brazilian
environmental and social Legislation.
Wood Supplier:
ELDORADO will be in charge of harvesting and transport, while the land
owner was in charge of planting and growing. Reportedly, wood supply will
be used in the first years of operation, until 2016. The wood will arrive from
the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso.
Wood from São Paulo will be transported by river and the others by truck.
ELDORADO has a procedure for the Development of Environmental, Social
and Technical Project (PTEAS) which should be applied to every farm 1 or 2
months before intervention (planting and harvesting) to support land
management. This PTEAS should be developed by a multidisciplinary group
composed of representatives of the following areas/departments: social,
cartography, environmental, certification, communication (community
relations), harvesting, agroforestry, health and safety and logistic. Each
representative is responsible to identify the technical features of the farm to
support the land management planning. This procedure is dated December
2011 and PTEAS was not carried out at farms in which planting was
performed before it.
Figure 2.3 shows the location map of the farms described in table 1.1.
42
Figure 2.3
Location Map of the Farms
43
.
Mato Grosso
Goias
Boíivia
Minas Gerais
5
!
Aparecida do Taboado
Mato Grosso do Sul
5
!
Campo Grande
5
!
Três Lagoas
Sao Paulo
5
!
Paraguai
Parana
Legend
5
!
Cities
Conservation Units
Main Rivers
Indigenous Areas
Location of Farms
Biome
CLIENT
Cerrado
Mata Atlântica
Pantanal
0
45.000
90.000
Meters
PROJECT
Eldorado Brasil
DESCRIPTION
Location of the Farms
EDITION CONTROL
04/19/2012
EDITION
04/19/2012
REVISION
PROJECT NUMBER
0152083
FIGURE / ANNEX
FIGURE 1.2
EDITOR / GRAPHIC DESIGNER
TECHNICAL RESPONSIBLE
CIP
2.3
OVERVIEW OF THE LOGISTICS PROJECT
Based on technical, economic and environmental feasibility factors,
ELDORADO will construct two multimodal terminals according to two
distinct models, as described below:
 Model 1: road transportation from the industrial plant to Aparecida do
Taboado (90km) multimodal terminal, to be built by the Company and,
then, railroad transportation to Santos Port (900 km), where the product
will be loaded into ships for exportation; and
 Model 2: transportation from the industrial plant to Pederneiras
multimodal terminal by barges through Tietê river (350 km) and, then,
using a third party railway (MRS) to Santos Port (520 km), where the
product will be loaded into ships for exportation. In the port of Santos,
ELDORADO will construct and improve two terminals. One of them
comprises existing Warehouses IX, X, XI and XII of the Organized Port of
Santos (Porto Organizado de Santos), hereinafter referred as Terminal
Eldorado and the other area comprises the warehouses III, VIII, XIII and
XVIII, hereinafter referred as Terminal Elmar, as identified by
ELDORADO.
Further information is provided in the sections ahead for each terminal.
2.3.1
Aparecida do Taboado Multimodal Terminal
In Aparecida do Taboado, ELDORADO acquired a parcel of land, with 61.7
hectares, which was part of a farm (Fazenda Boa Esperança). As informed, in
Pederneiras a warehouse will be constructed by ELDORADO, with
approximately 6,000-m² covered area. The finished product from the pulp mill
in Três Lagoas will be transported by trucks through Federal BR-158 highway
(Rodovia BR-158) and secondary State road MS-316.
Bleached pulp will be unloaded and stored in the warehouse. Stored pulp will
then be loaded to rail compositions and transported to the Santos port
terminal by existing railway operated by the concessionaire ALL (América
Latina Logística).
According to ELDORADO site contacts, the company will be responsible for
the construction of the terminal, but all the operation will be carried out by
ALL.
The terminal is still in project stage and the construction works have not yet
started. An internal railway branch will also be part of the project and will be
constructed by ELDORADO.
44
2.3.2
Pederneiras Multimodal Terminal
This model considers the transportation of bleached pulp bales by barges from
the pulp mill to the multimodal terminal located in the municipality of
Pederneiras, approximately 350 km from Três Lagoas, in the State of São
Paulo, using the existing Tietê - Paraná hydro way. In Pederneiras, one
warehouse and one internal railway branch will be constructed.
The pulp mill project comprises the construction of a pier at ELDORADO site
in Três Lagoas, which is already included in the pulp mill licensing process.
The Pederneiras terminal destined to ELDORADO’s support operations
consists of the expansion of an existing terminal operated by private
companies EPN/Torque. ELDORADO established a contract with the
navigation company EGTM Navegação (Torque), which will be responsible for
the expansion of the existing terminal and the construction of the required
warehousing space for pulp storage, as well as will be in charge of obtaining
all the required permits. The existing operations at the terminal are mostly
related to grains storage and transportation. No further details are available
regarding the expansion.
Similarly, a new railway branch will be constructed in the terminal. The
railway lines from Pederneiras to Santos Port are operated by the
concessionaire MRS Logística, which will reportedly be responsible for the
construction of the railway branch and obtaining all required authorizations.
The contract was not provided for analysis.
The operation of the Pederneiras multimodal terminal will be responsibility of
the existing operator EGTM Navegação – Torque.
2.3.3
Santos Port Terminal
Background
Santos Port administration was granted, since 1888 through an imperial
decree, to an economical group (Gaffre, Guinle & Cia.) that won a public
tender process. The group constituted a company called Companhia Docas de
Santos, which was granted 39 years concession for the port administration,
later extended to 90-year concession.
In 1980, the legal concession period expired and the Federal government
constituted the company Companhia Docas do Estado de São Paulo – CODESP,
which is the current port authority in Santos.
CODESP delegates the port operation to private operators through public
tender processes.
45
ELDORADO intends to construct and operate two port terminals in Santos.
However, due to time constraints, two different situations will occur. A brief
timeline of the port operations by ELDORADO is presented herein.
First Two Years of Operation – Terminal Elmar
ERM visited the area of the Terminal Elmar on February 10, 2012 and was
accompanied in the visit by Mr. Alvaro Bunster, Eldorado’s Logistics
Executive Manager.
ELDORADO acquired part of the shares of a company that already operates a
port terminal in the port of Santos. The company operates with solid bulk
materials and is in conformance with the Santos Port Development and
Zoning Plan (PDZPS – Plano de Desenvolvimento e Zoneamento do Porto de Santos
– CODESP, 2006), which allows the handling and movement of solid bulk
materials of vegetal or mineral origin, liquids of vegetal origin, containers and
general loads at that area. ELDORADO operations will also be in compliance
with this zoning regulation, given that pulp is classified as general load.
The concession acquired by ELDORADO comprises two existing warehouses
currently operating (Warehouses III and VIII), one area corresponding to a
demolished warehouse (Warehouse XIII) and one warehouse in process of
demolition (Warehouse XVIII).
For the first two years of operation, ELDORADO has also established a
service provision contract to use an area out of the organized port of Santos,
which is operated by a company named Hipercon Terminais. According to
information provided by the company’s contacts, in this area two tarpaulin
sheds will be assembled and one internal railway branch will be constructed.
The tarpaulin sheds will constitute a buffer for the ships loading. One
additional railway branch will also be constructed by the railway
concessionaire at that area, parallel to existing railway lines, directly
connecting Hipercon’s area to the port terminal area. Reportedly, ELDORADO
will finance the construction of the required infrastructure in Hipercon’s area,
but the operations will remain in the name of that company, which will be
responsible for obtaining all the required permits for construction.
Two tarpaulin sheds will also be assembled in the Terminal Elmar, on the area
corresponding to the Warehouse XIII, already demolished and on the area
corresponding to Warehouse XVIII, in process of demolition.
In order to be allowed to demolish warehouse XVIII, ELDORADO is required
to develop a demolition plan and submit it to CODESP, which will issue an
authorization. ELDORADO has already developed the demolition plan and
submitted to CODESP and is currently waiting for the company’s
authorization. The tarpaulin sheds at Terminal Elmar will also work as a
buffer for the ships loading.
46
Initially, the pulp from the industrial complex in Três Lagoas will arrive to the
area operated by Hipercon and will be unloaded at the tarpaulin sheds to be
constructed. Pulp will then be loaded and transported by trucks to the area of
Terminal Elmar, where it will be either unloaded to the tarpaulin sheds in the
terminal area or directly to the ships. At the port terminal, the transport of
pulp from the tarpaulin sheds to the mooring berths will initially be
accomplished by trucks.
It is expected that the issuance of all the required authorizations, the process
of constructing the internal railway branches and assembly of the tarpaulin
sheds in Hipercon’s area, the demolition of Warehouse XVIII and the assembly
of the tarpaulin sheds in the Terminal Elmar’s area will take approximately six
months, coinciding with the pulp mill startup, thus allowing the initial
operation in the Port of Santos.
After this initial operation stage, ELDORADO will demolish Warehouses III
and VIII and construct new warehouses, which will be specifically designed
for the movement of pulp bales, using cranes (automated operation).
ELDORADO also foresees the installation of a conveyor, connecting the
warehouses to the mooring berths (approximately 300 m), thus reducing the
traffic of trucks in the region.
ELDORADO expects that the process of obtaining all required authorizations,
improving the existing warehouses, construction of the railway branch until
the Terminal Elmar area and installing the conveyor, will take approximately
two years. After this period, ELDORADO will leave Hipercon’s area and will
definitively operate only in Terminal Elmar’s area.
Future Operations – Terminal ELDORADO
Foreseeing the future expansions of the pulp production industrial complex in
Três Lagoas, ELDORADO will also build one additional terminal,
approximately 500 meters north of Terminal Elmar area.
This terminal corresponds to the existing warehouses IX, X, XI and XII, which
are currently operating. As the concession granted by CODESP for the
operation of these warehouses is about to expire, a new public tender is
ongoing. ELDORADO is participating of this public tender process.
ELDORADO has already submitted to CODESP the project of the new
terminal. Considering that the warehouses are in area of Federal management
(area belonging to the Federation), ELDORADO has also submitted the
project to the Federal Environmental Agency – IBAMA.
The Terminal Eldorado will consist of four warehouses, whose improvement
will be specifically designed for the movement of pulp bales using cranes
(automated operation).
47
Two internal railway branches will be constructed by the railway
concessionaire at the area, thus releasing the existing railway lines for the
traffic of other compositions and avoiding traffic congestion.
The timeline for completion of the second port terminal in Santos is not yet
defined.
Figure 2.4 shows the location of the logistics projects and correlated
infrastructure.
48
Figure 2.4
Logistics Project Location Map
49
.
MS
-3
16
:
&
- 32
0
BR
-1
58
SP
:
&
Três Lagoas
SP
-3
MINAS GERAIS
10
MATO GROSSO
DO SUL
SÃO PAULO
RIO DE
JANEIRO
&
:
Pederneiras
&
:
São Paulo
:
&
Santos
PARANÁ
Atlantic Ocean
Legend
:
&
CLIENT
Cities
Highway
Possible Railway Paths
Hydrography
PROJECT
Eldorado Brasil
DESCRIPTION
Logistics Project Location
EDITION CONTROL
04/19/2012
EDITION
04/19/2012
REVISION
PROJECT NUMBER
0152083
FIGURE / ANNEX
FIGURE 1.3
EDITOR / GRAPHIC DESIGNER
TECHNICAL RESPONSIBLE
Logistics Project Location
Source: Bing Maps.
CIP
3
PULP MILL AND FOREST OPERATIONS
This section summarizes all environmental aspects of Pulp Mill and Forest
Operations.
The environmental diagnosis was performed considering the project influence
areas, which are related to potential social and environmental impacts, as
follows:
 Indirect influence area – AII: probable occurrence of indirect environmental
impacts;
 Direct influence area – AID: probable occurrence of direct environmental
impacts; and
 Directly affected area – ADA: direct interference of the activities involved,
including the industry, the gas pipe, power line and other support
activities.
3.1
ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSES
3.1.1
Physical Environment
Local Climate
According to EMBRAPA, data obtained in 30 years show that the local climate
has an average total annual rainfall around 1,300 mm. The rainiest trimester is
the period from November to January (average 120 mm), while the driest
months are June-August (less than 50 mm).
The relative humidity in the region remains on average at 75%, showing a
decrease in August and September (67 and 61%), and an increase in May and
June (80%).
According to INMET data, the hourly average air temperature during a 2.5
year sampling period was 24.8 ° C, and the minimum and maximum
temperatures were 6 ° C and 40 ° C, respectively. The coldest months (May to
August) indicate an average temperature of 21.3 ° C, while in the hottest
months (September to April) it was found 26.4 C.
According to INMET data obtained from 1995 to 2009, local winds frequently
occur preferentially from NE, E and SE. Wind speed is higher from N, NE and
SE, with a general average of 1.49 m / s.
50
Noise
For the noise level analysis, a noise monitoring campaign was conducted in
November, 2009, so as to establish the background condition of the area where
the industrial complex is inserted. No activities were being carried out at the
time of monitoring. Meteorological data during the day of the monitoring
campaign was obtained from the National Meteorology Institute (INMET) and
the adopted parameters were from the automatic meteorological station
located in the municipality of Valparaíso, State of São Paulo, approximately
100 km distant from Três Lagoas. The noise monitoring was conducted during
the day at four points inside the property, being two next to BR-158 road and
two closer to Paraná River, opposite to the highway.
The area where the site is located is a rural area as reference for evaluation, the
noise levels were compared with the limits established by Federal CONAMA
Resolution 01/1990, which establishes that noise levels for acoustic comfort
defined in the Brazilian Standard NBR 10151. The noise levels measured at
monitoring points 1 and 2 (next to the highway) exceeded the limit for rural
areas and daily period established in the mentioned standard. This was
attributed to the vehicles traffic at the highway, given that at points 3 and 4,
the noise levels resulted significantly lower than the established limit.
The established limit for rural areas during the day (from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm)
is 40 dB(A). The limit for night period is 35 dB (A).
Air Quality
Air quality analysis was done by the evaluation of two monitoring campaigns,
on three monitoring points:
 24-hour monitoring at Fazenda Santa Vera (where the mill will be located);
 24-hour monitoring at Assentamento Pontal do Faia (located approximately
6.0 km East from ELDORADO Pulp Mill site); and
 24-hour monitoring at one point in the city of Três Lagoas (distant
approximately 22 km southeast of ELDORADO site, straight line).
Monitoring campaigns were conducted in September and December, 2010.
Monitored parameters included particulates (inhalable particles and total
suspended particles), NO2, ozone, carbon monoxide and SO2.
The results indicated that the monitored parameters, in all points, meet all the
air quality standards established in Brazilian regulations.
51
Geology and Geotechnics
Regional Aspects
Regionally, the geological framework consists of stratigraphic units of the
Paraná Basin, more specifically basaltic lithologies of the Serra Geral
Formation (São Bento Group), sandstone rocks of the Bauru Group, Vale do
Rio do Peixe Formation, Caiuá Group and Santo Anastacio Formation, as well
as Quaternary Alluvial Deposits related to fluvial activities of the main rivers Paraná and Sucuriú (Lacerda Filho et. all., 2006).
The regional stratigraphic sequence of the Indirect Influence Area, from lower
to upper stratigraphic levels, is listed below:
 São Bento Group - Serra Geral Formation (basaltic rocks);
 Bauru Group - Vale do Rio do Peixe Formation;
 Caiuá Group - Santo Anastácio Formation; and
 Quaternary Unit - Alluvial deposits.
Geology of the direct iInfluence area – AID
The study area is included in the Paraná Sedimentary Basin and is part of the
Central Plateau of Paraná Basin.
The direct influence area of the project consists of different types of lithology,
as follows: Recent Alluvial deposits occur close to Paraná river, and are
related to fluvial activity of this river. In distant parts from the river it´s also
observed basaltic lithologies from Serra Geral Formation. In the upper
geographically portions occur sandstone lithologies from Santo Anastácio
Formation.
The area directly affected by the implementation of the project consists of a
sandstone rock, composed predominantly of quartz grains with a particle size
ranging from fine to medium, with little or no cement, making it friable,
highly porous and permeable. This substrate is predominantly sandy, thin,
friable, slightly silty and with absence of clays.
Geotechnical aspects of the direct influence area
The sandstones that occur in the project area are generally friable and with
few silt and clay fractions. These features result in a high degree of
transmissivity, which leads to a fast liquid infiltration.
52
Occurrence of erosion process is the main geotechnical risk in the study area.
The factors that may influence the erosive potential in the study area are:
geomorphologic aspects, lithology, vegetation cover and climate factors.
The intensity of water erosion is strongly influenced by the slope of the
terrain. In addition, the soil erosion potential tends to decrease as the fraction
of clay increases, and to increase as the fraction of silt and fine sand decreases.
The low presence of clay material provides a low-quartz aggregate particles,
which generates a potential susceptibility to erosion, especially in areas within
dissected landscapes.
Taking into account such aspects, it is considered that the study area is
composed by materials with medium susceptibility to erosion, which requires
special control measures during earthwork activities, including runoff control
and monitoring of the soil erosion.
Geomorphology
The project is located in a geomorphological compartment called the Northern
Highlands of Paraná Basin, in the northern portion of the Paraná Sedimentary
Basin. Regionally, altitudes vary between 300 and 500 meters, with
predominance of sedimentary lithologies of Bauru and Caiuá Groups.
This compartment is characterized by an extensive and gently dissected
surface (Dt), with large tabular landforms, preserved forms, and convex
surfaces (Dc) associated with regional watercourses. In addition, along the
major rivers, there are flattened areas associated with fluvial landforms (Apf),
as well as floodplains and terraces originated from the deposition of
sediments of the Parana River.
Locally, the project area is located in flat to gently undulating terrains, with
estimated slope at 2.17% to the east direction.
The landforms were formed by natural dynamic processes (dissecting
processes). However, although the local soil is mostly sandy (which increases
the susceptibility to erosion), the low slopes minimize the erosion potential
and provide conditions to the implementation of civil works, provided that
mitigation measures are taken in order to reduce the risk of the occurrence of
erosion processes.
Pedology
The predominant soil in the study area is the combination of dystrophic red
medium texture Oxisol + red - yellow dystrophic sandy texture Latosol +
quartzipsamment + dystrophic red - yellow medium texture Oxisol, which
occurs in the upper and intermediate fluvial terraces, hills, and areas formed
by detrital sediments and sandstones of the Santo Anastácio Formation.
53
Hydrogeology
The freatic level of the aquifer is associated with the geologic framework. In
the case of the Santo Anastacio Formation, the sandstones are disaggregated
and have a high infiltration coefficient, and therefore the rainwater infiltrate
by gravity to great depths. Other two aquifers occur in the region associated
with different geological units: the Serra Geral Aquifer and Aquifer Guarani
(Botucatu).
Local Hydrogeology
The study area is located in the domain of Santo Anastacio aquifer. It is
characterized as unconfined, homogeneous and isotropic aquifer, which
indicates a local circulation of groundwater. The charge area is located in the
watershed boundaries of Bebedouro and São Mateus creeks, and the discharge
area is in the Paraná River.
The higher areas have deeper water level, which becomes shallower toward
the floodplains of the Paraná River. This indicates that the watershed
boundaries coincide with the hydrogeological basins, whose flow direction is
consistent with the slope of the terrains. The flood plains are areas of aquifer
discharge.
In general, this aquifer has a regional extension, primary porosity, opened to
semi-confined, discontinuous, heterogeneous and anisotropic. Its thickness is
in the range of 80 m with an average flow 8-30 m3 / h. Apparent permeability
is in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 m / d, for a storage coefficient of 0.0001 to 0.01.
Water Surface
The project area is inserted into the Paraná River basin, located in northeastern
Mato Grosso do Sul, taking as delimiters the Paraná River, Bebedouro and
Santa Vera Creek, which flow into the Paraná river, in the reservoir of the
Jupiá hydroelectric plant (Jupiá UHE).
The uptake of water and effluents discharge from the project will be carried
out on the Paraná River, taking advantage of its large hydro capacity.
Paraná River – water flow
According to ANA – National Water Agency, a flow measurement at Paraná
River was registered for the period of 22 years. Within this period, the average
flow was 7,299 m³/s, with a maximum flow of 28,222 ³/s and minimum of
1,597 m³/s. The characteristic flow (Q95) was 2,070 m³/s (occurring 95% of the
time).
54
Baseline water quality
Baseline water quality was considered from different monitoring results on
EIA, and also from two additional monitoring campaigns, as following:
 EIA – Paraná River water quality (in general): numerous official results,
specifically in Paraná River;
 EIA – Paraná River water quality, downstream of the effluent outfall:
official results from CETESB (Environmental Agency – São Paulo), between
2007 – 2008; and
 Additional monitoring performed by Eldorado, at six monitoring points
defined in the area of direct influence of the pulp mill:
1. Santa Vera Creek (southern property boundary), downstream of the
future pulp mill;
2. Santa Vera Creek, upstream of the future pulp mill
3. Bebedouro creek (northern property boundary), upstream of the future
pulp mill;
4. Bebedouro creek, downstream of the future pulp mill;
5. Paraná river, upstream of the effluent outfall; and
6. Paraná River, downstream of the effluent outfall.
The tables bellow show the water quality results mentioned above.
Table 3.1
Paraná River water quality (in general) – EIA
Parameter
Unit
pH
-
Results
Brazilian Standards –
CONAMA 357/05 – Class 2
5,4 … 7,7
6.0 - 9.0
Temperature
ºC
Conductivity
μS/cm
Turbidity
NTU
Colour
mg Pt / L
Total alkalinity
ppm CaCO3
15 ... 28
-
Total hardness
ppm CaCO3
13.5 84.0
-
Calcium
mg Ca / L
1.67... 6.90
-
Silica, SiO 2
mg / L
0.29... 14.80
-
Dissolved Solids
mg / L
11… 131
500
Suspended solids
mg / L
1 ... 100
-
22 … 30
-
40 … 99,3
-
0,55 … 17,00
100
5 ... 69
55
75
Parameter
Unit
Results
CONAMA 357/05 – Class 2
Total solids
mg / L
39… 210
-
Dissolved oxygen
mg O2 / L
6.5 ... 8.0
>5
BOD
mg / L
0.42… 4.60
<5
COD
mg / L
3 ... 56
-
mg / L
<0.02
3.7mg/L N, for pH ≤ 7.5
2.0 mg/L N, for 7.5 < pH ≤
8.0
1.0 mg/L N, for 8.0 < pH ≤
8.5
0.5 mg/L N, for pH > 8.5
Nitrate.
mg N / L
0.02... 0.38
10
Nitrite
mg N / L
<0.02 ... 0.03
1
mg / L
<0.02 ... 2.70
-
Fecal coliforms /
100 ml
NMP/100 mL
0 … 200
1,000
Total coliforms /
100 ml
NMP/100 mL
0 ... 1986
-
Index of phenols
mg / L
<0.001 ... 0.030
0.003
Ammonia N
Total phosphate
PO4
Cyanide
mg CN / L
<0.01
-
Chloride
mg Cl / L
2… 50.2
250
Fluoride
mg F / L
<0.1
1.4
mg / L
1.3 ... 20
Virtually absent
mg / L LAS
<0.05
0.5
Oil and grease
Surfactants
Sulphate
mg / L
2.71… 78.70
250
mg S / L
0.027 … 0.230
-
Aluminum
mg / L
<0.05
-
Arsenic
mg / L
<0.05
0.01
Barium
mg / L
<0.1
0.7
Beryllium
mg / L
<0.1
0.04
Boron
mg / L
<0.1
0.5
Cadmium
mg / L
<0.001
0.001
Copper
mg / L
<0.02 ... 0.82
-
Hexavalent
Chromium Cr +6
mg / L
<0.01
-
Total chromium
Cr
mg / L
<0.05
0.05
Iron
mg / L
0.07… 0.89
-
Magnesium
mg / L
0.96… 2.05
-
Manganese
mg / L
<0.08
0.1
Mercury
mg / L
<0.0002
0.0002
Nickel
mg / L
<0.02
0.025
Lead Pb
mg / L
<0.03 ... 0.12
0.01
Selenium
mg Se / L
<0.005
0.01
Tin (Sn)
mg Sn / L
<0.05
-
Sulfide
Vanadium
Zinc
mg V / L
<0.1
0.1
mg Zn / L
<0.05 ... 0.37
0.18
SOURCE: EIA (2009)
56
Table 3.2
Paraná River water quality, downstream of the effluent outfall (CETESB, 2007/2008) – EIA
Results 2007
Parameter
Results 2008
Unit
CONAMA 357/05 –
Feb
Apr
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
Feb
Apr
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
Class 2
pH
-
7.7
7.77
8.2
7.2
7.6
6.9
7.4
6.9
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.4
6.0 – 9.0
Temperature
ºC
28
27,5
20
22
25
28
27
27.9
20.5
25
25.6
28.5
-
mg / L
0.71
0.18
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
0.06
0.11
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
0.1
mg / L
2.25
2.1
1.9
4.2
3.7
3.7
3.1
0.9
2.49
2.3
2
2.9
250
mg / L
0.01
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
0.009
Conductivity
μS/cm
56
56
53
102
78
70
71.5
29
59.7
56
50
52
-
BOD
mg / L
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<2
<1
<1
<1
<5
COD
mg / L
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
< 50
-
Phenols
mg / L
<0.001
<0.002
<0.002
<0.002
<0.003
<0.003
<0.003
0.003
mg / L
0.43
0.14
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.06
0.31
0.08
0.04
0.01
0.03
0.3
mg / L
0.03
<0.02
0.08
<0.02
<0.02
0.04
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
<0.02
mg / L
0.01
0.02
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.0036
0.0019
0.0024
0.0069
0.0077
0.0041
0.1
mg / L
<0.0002
<
<
<
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
< 0.0002
0.0002
Aluminum
dissolved
Chloride
Copper
dissolved
Iron
Dissolved
Total
Phosphorus
Total
Manganese
Total Mercury
< 0.009
<0.001
<0.0002
<0.0
1
0.001
57
0.03 (lentic), 0.05
(intermediate)
Results 2007
Parameter
Results 2008
Unit
CONAMA 357/05 –
Feb
Apr
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
Feb
Apr
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
Class 2
3.7mg/L N, for pH ≤
7.5
2.0 mg/L N, for 7.5 <
N. Ammonia
mg / L
<0.03
<0.03
0.05
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
0.17
< 0.1
0.13
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
pH ≤ 8.0
1.0 mg/L N, for 8.0 <
pH ≤ 8.5
0.5 mg/L N, for pH >
8.5
Total Nickel
mg / L
<0.02
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
<0.004
0.025
Nitrate
mg / L
4.61
0.58
0.47
0.44
<0.3
<0.3
< 0.3
0.39
0.07
0.19
0.74
0.07
10
Nitrite
mg / L
0.005
0.004
<0.002
<0.003
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.006
0.003
0.005
1
NKT
mg / L
0.11
0.3
0.36
0.21
0.99
0.71
< 0.5
1
< 0.5
0.32
1.06
< 0.5
-
mg / L
7.5
5.9
7.3
7.8
7
6.9
6.3
5.2
7.2
7.9
7.3
6.7
>5
mg / L
64
70
66
82
62
70
56
64
414
58
44
48
500
mg / L
80
88
302
356
352
348
94
70
462
66
78
72
-
mg / L
24
36
84
52
48
42
24
22
100
14
14
38
-
Turbidity
NTU
15
8
3
0.9
1
1.2
3.2
13
4.1
1.1
0.9
1.5
100
Total Zinc
mg / L
<
<
<
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.06
0.04
< 0.005
0.18
Dissolved
oxygen
Dissolv. Total
solids
Total solids
Total Volatile
solids
<0.02
<0.02
<0.04
58
Results 2007
Parameter
Fecal
Results 2008
Unit
CFU/10
coliforms
0mL
Toxicity
-
CONAMA 357/05 –
Feb
Apr
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
Feb
Apr
Jun
Aug
Oct
Dec
<18
7.8
2
<2
<2
<2
130
<1
1
<1
<1
1
1000
chroni
non-
non-
non-
non-
chroni
non-
c
toxic
toxic
toxic
toxic
c
toxic
non-toxic
-
nontoxic
chronic
chroni
c
chronic
Class 2
Chlorophyll-a
g / L
0.27
<0.01
< 0.01
0.53
0.8
0.8
< 0.01
0.27
10
Pheophytin-a
g / L
1.23
0.75
0.56
< 0.01
0.13
0.32
1.04
1.04
-
SOURCE: EIA (2009)
59
Table 3.3
Additional monitoring done by Eldorado – September 2010
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Brazilian
Standards
–
CONAMA
357/05 –
Class 2
ºC
27.2
26.2
26
29
24.2
25.2
-
Air
temperature
ºC
25.3
24.4
26.8
30.1
30
30
-
Conductivity
μS/cm
48
20
22
47
50
54
-
BOD
mg / L
5
4
6
2
1.5
2.5
≤ 5,0
COD
mg / L
8
7
9
3.5
2.5
4
-
Surfactants
mg / L
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.15
0.02
0.13
0.5
Nitrate
mg / L
0.1
1.8
0.6
1.8
0.9
1.2
10,0
Nitrite
mg / L
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,0
N. Ammonia
mg / L
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
3,7
N.Kjedahl
mg / L
0.3
2.1
0.7
1.9
1
1.2
--
Dissolved
oxygen
mg / L
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.3
> 5.0
pH
-
6.61
5.88
5.96
6.65
6.5
6.7
6.0 - 9.0
Total solids
mg / L
120
175
162
190
174
162
---
Chlorophyll-a
g / L
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
10
Turbidity
NTU
5.4
4.3
5.3
1
0.7
0.5
100
Chloride
mg / L
0.2
2.75
1.84
4
7
2
250
Parameter
Unit
Temperature
Oil and grease
mg / L
8
6
18
3
2
2.5
Virtually
absent
Dissolved iron
mg / L
<0.01
0.14
0.2
0.1
0.06
0.11
0,3
Total hardness
mg / L
18
6
8
16
18
19
--
Lead Pb
mg / L
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0,01
Total
Phosphorus
mg / L
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0,025
Total
chromium
mg / L
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0,05
Copper
dissolved
mg / L
0.02
0.07
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.01
0,09
Total Zinc
mg / L
0.14
0.15
0.17
*0.19
0.03
0.1
0,18
Aluminum
dissolved
mg / L
0.01
0.02
0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.1
Potassium
mg / L
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.25
0.56
--
Sodium
mg / L
4.5
5.2
1.8
3
2.5
4.8
--
Total
manganese
mg / L
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
<0.01
0.1
Total Mercury
mg / L
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
0,0002
Cyanobacterial
density
Cel/mL
1,800
4,700
2,060
2,000
1,600
2,400
50,000
Fecal coliforms
UFC/100mL
4.5 102
7.1 . 102
3.0 102
8.0 102
5.0. 102
9.5 102
103
SOURCE: PBA (2011)
60
Table 3.4
Additional monitoring done by Eldorado – December 2010
Brazilian
Standards –
Parameter
Unit
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Point 7
Point 8
CONAMA
357/05 –
Class 2
Temperature
ºC
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
-
Air temperature
ºC
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
-
Conductivity
μS/cm
16.13
18.19
16.97
50.06
40.57
16.48
14.82
47.64
-
BOD
mg / L
*6.2
*7.0
*6.5
5.0
2.0
*7.2
4.5
3.7
≤ 5.0
COD
mg / L
9.0
10.0
9.3
8.8
3.7
12.5
8.0
7.2
-
Surfactants
mg / L
0.02
0.0
0.0
0.01
0.02
0.98
0.0
0.0
0.5
Nitrate
mg / L
0.0
1.27
1.93
2.19
1.29
2.19
0.26
0.0
10.0
Nitrite
mg / L
0.0
0.05
0.05
0.0
0.04
0.07
0.0
0.0
1.0
N. Ammonia
mg / L
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.0
0.01
0.01
0.02
3.7
Total nitrogen
mg / L
0.02
1.35
2.03
2.24
1.33
2.27
0.27
0.02
--
Dissolved oxygen
mg / L
6.80
6.72
6.61
6.90
7.10
5.90
6.47
6.81
> 5.0
pH
-
6.22
6.38
6.34
6.72
6.82
6.02
6.15
6.90
6.0 - 9.0
Total solids
mg / L
140.0
118.0
103.0
166.0
180.0
220.0
130.0
160.0
---
Chlorophyll-a
g / L
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
10
Turbidity
NTU
10.6
16.4
13.1
2.37
1.97
3.99
6.64
2.92
100
Chloride
mg / L
1.0
4.0
9.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
2.5
3.4
250
Oil and grease
mg / L
1.0
1.6
2.0
1.0
0.6
3.0
0.4
0.2
Virtually
absent
61
Brazilian
Standards –
Parameter
Unit
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Point 7
Point 8
CONAMA
357/05 –
Class 2
Dissolved iron
mg / L
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.3
Total hardness
mg / L
3.7
5.1
6.0
15.2
14.4
2.5
3.9
15.0
--
Lead Pb
mg / L
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.01
Total Phosphorus
mg / L
*0.03
0.02
*0.03
0.02
0.01
*0.03
0.01
0.01
0.025
Total chromium
mg / L
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.05
Copper dissolved
mg / L
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.09
Total Zinc
mg / L
0.0
0.04
*0.24
0.13
0.0
*0.25
0.06
0.04
0.18
mg / L
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
*0.13
0.0
0.0
0.1
mg / L
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.01
--
mg / L
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
--
Total manganese
mg / L
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.0
0.12
0.0
0.0
0.1
Total Mercury
mg / L
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0002
2,200
8.0x10²
2,600
1,900
1,400
3,700
4,200
2,800
50,000
3.0x10²
8.0x10²
4.4x10²
5.8x10²
1.0x10²
9.5x10²
6.0x10²
3.0x10²
103
Aluminum
dissolved
Potassium
Sodium
Cyanobacterial
density
Fecal coliforms
Cel/mL
UFC/100mL
SOURCE: PBA (2011)
62
Comparing the results from the water quality monitoring, it is observed that
the majority of the parameters are within the limits set by the Brazilian
Standards. Thus, the conclusion is that the general water condition is good.
This fact can be confirmed by the IQA values (Water Quality Index),
calculated for the two additional monitoring campaigns performed by
ELDORADO. All points in both campaigns, had an IQA ranked as GOOD.
Although some of the BOD values were above than Brazilian standards, the
corresponding dissolved oxygen concentrations were high as well. Total
phosphorus was also detected above Brazilian standards at some points.
3.1.2
Biological Environment
Biotic Environment Diagnostic to the pulp and paper plant
In relation to the biotic environment, the impact assessment that preceded the
implantation of the pulp and paper plant was based only on secondary data
(eg. data obtained from bibliographic research). Once the Pulp mill has been
granted with the Installation License the environmental programs that were
proposed at the impact assessment report are now been undertaken. To the
biotic environment these programs include the monitoring of fauna (terrestrial
and aquatic) and flora and currently have four field surveys. Therefore, as a
biotic environment diagnostic for the areas of influence the data obtained in
these four field surveys of monitoring to fauna and flora is presented as
follow.
Fauna
The fauna diagnostic's considers the terrestrial vertebrates: herpetofauna,
avifauna, and mastofauna; and the aquatic organisms: ichthyofauna and
benthic invertebrates organisms.
The terrestrial fauna was raised in five sampling points located in the direct
and indirect areas of influence of the industry. Three sampling points
comprehends small riparian remnants, one at Santa Vera Stream and two in
water spring. The other two sampling points are larger remnants of less
degraded area at the Paraná River margin´s.
The benthonic organisms were sampled in eight sampling points distributed
in the Santa Vera Stream, Bebedouro Stream and Paraná River, while the
ichthyofauna was sampled in five points: two water spring and the same
stream and river that the benthos were sampled.
63
Herpetofauna
Nineteen species of amphibians were raised, all belonging to the Anura Order.
Among the reptiles were recorded two snakes, one amphisbaena, a lizard and
an alligator.
The species richness of amphibians and reptiles in the project area is low. This
probably reflects the history of environmental degradation in the region,
where previously to the enterprise most of native vegetation has been
converted to pasture.
Avifauna
During the field surveys, there were recorded 103 species of birds belonging
to 41 Families, in wich the Passeroformes accounted for 42% of bird species.
Four of these species are endemic and other 4 are exotic. Two species
considered as Near Threatened at the red list of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature: Rhea Americana (Greater Rhea) and Alipiopsitta
xanthops (Yellow-faced Amazon).
In general the bird species recorded are considered resident and they breed in
Brazil and specifically in the Cerrado, and has important conservation value
due to the particular functions performed in the ecosystem, as pollinators,
seed dispersers, controllers of insect pests, among others.
The avifauna community raised in the area of Eldorado Pulp Industry is
mainly composed of common and generalists species, typical of degraded
environments that have lost most sensitive and forestry specialist species of
birds.
Among the species found in the area of this study there were identified 10
bird species considered dependent on forested habitats. Such species are
usually more sensitive to environmental disturbances, because they do not
occur frequently outside of forests and hardly travel long distances in open
areas to move between forest fragments.
Mastofauna
It was recorded 18 species of terrestrial small and large mammals, and the
Orders Carnivora and Rodentia are the most representatives. Among these 18
species three are found in the Brazil’s list of endangered species: anteater (M.
tridactyla), the maned wolf (C. brachyurus) and puma (P. concolor). The main
threats to these species are habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting and road
run overs or vehicles hits.
64
With the project construction, the traffic of small and large vehicles will be
intensified on both the facilities of the enterprise and on the road of access
from to Três Lagoas to the site. This fact may contribute to increased threats to
mammals besides another common problems found in sites with hundreds of
workers, such as hunting that is an illegal activity in Brazil but widely
practiced. It is recommended Environmental Education programs that address
the themes related with hunting, running over, habitat loss and biodiversity
loss.
Ictiofauna
Fifteen fish species were found in the area. Among these, six species are not
native and were introduced mainly as a result of fish farming. None of the
recorded species is in classified as endangered in lists of endangered species.
Even with the four monitoring campaigns, the number of species found does
not allow a robust ecological characterization of the fish community in the
area.
Benthic Organisms
Fourteen taxa of invertebrate benthos were recorded, which the Phylum
Insecta being the most representative, followed by Annelida, Mollusca and
Crustacea.
This study reported an invasive species, the gastropod Melanoides tuberculata.
This species can affect populations of native species by reducing diversity and
causing changes in the trophic chain.
The genus Cryptochironomus also has great importance for the monitoring of
surface water, since this group population increase indicates possible
eutrophication of the environment by allochthonous material input. Although
the density of this genus remained low during all campaigns, monitoring is
needed to control the quality of these environments.
In face of these results it is recommended the continuation of benthic
invertebrates monitoring because benthic community is continually subject to
human interference, reflecting in an integrated way the possible impacts in the
sampled sites.
Flora
In the project area, the original forest formations, belonging to the Cerrado,
were reduced to small fragments, resulting in the isolation and habitat
fragmentation due to intense agriculture.
The flora sampling was carried in the same five sampling point used for
terrestrial fauna survey.
65
Two hundred an nineteen individuals were sampled within 15 permanent
plots established in the influence area of the Eldorado Pulp and Paper
Industry. All individuals received plaques for monitoring continuity.
The monitored areas have characteristic species of Semideciduous Forest and
Cerrado, and indicate possibility of regeneration in most part. Although the
areas are already very restricted and limited by deforestation and now also by
the Industry installation, the remaining fragments of native vegetation should
be targeted in conservation and recovery actions due to its importance as
scattering points of matrices trees. Besides they are vegetation remnants near
waterways, making them essential for the whole biological and environmental
conservation.
In general, the state in which the fragments and riparian vegetation require
attention because the areas have been greatly reduced. Even though there are
patches of forest, local biodiversity maintenance may not be feasible , because
many abiotic and / or biotic factors may lead to the decline of native species
sensitive to habitat alteration, as well as for the invasion and dominance of
competitive alien species. Such events may cause an unbalance in the
population of the species in the region.
High Conservation Values Areas (HCVA)
For Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification purpose, a study of High
Conservation Values Areas (HCVA) was undertaken to identify fragments of
biodiversity that should be preserved.
To be considered a HCVA, the area shall have one or more of the following
attributes:
(1) concentrate on ecological values related to biodiversity, including endemic,
rare or threatened species, or housing shelters, such as fauna reproduction;
(2) have large areas, that ensure the development life-cycle of animal and plant
populations, without human intervention;
(3) cover specific ecosystems and habitats or rare, threatened or not, that is
relevant and essential to maintain and conserve biodiversity on a local
scale;
(4) maintain vital environmental services, for example, erosion control,
especially in areas characterized as environmental weakness or
preservation of watersheds;
(5) contain areas that offer resources (e.g water or other supplies) to local
communities; and
66
(6) Cover culturally critical areas, including social, religious or economical
aspects, especially when applied to traditional or indigenous communities.
These areas are especially important because, although located in private
lands and not included on the national conservation system, might cover
relevant biotic communities, especially when they have a great extension,
which may also act as areas source of seeds for both flora and fauna, might
facilitate the displacement of animals and work as a stepping stones.
The scope of the study included the selection of HCVA areas in ELDORADO’s
Project, including lands owned by ELDORADO or operated by them (leased
land and partnership agreement) and to develop a Monitoring Plan for
medium and large term for the selected units.
Goals
The main goals of the study are:
1) Mapping the entire forest-based enterprise;
2) Characterization of the area of influence in Landscape Unit, based on the
physical aspects to identify ecological theorists attributes that maximize the
biodiversity conservation;
3) Selecting of potential HCVA's based on complementary and representation
methodologies that seeks to include in the monitoring and conservation
planning the largest species and Landscape Unit; and
4) Ranking and prioritization of the remaining areas to the inventory for
species, monitoring and other studies.
Methodology
To the analysis and definition of Landscape Units, a geographic cut was
considered in 200Km around the ELDORADO’s pulp plant, located at Três
Lagoas, considering only the right margin of the Parana River, covering areas
of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul and a small portion of the State of Goias.
The study area is composed of remnants of various formations of the Cerrado
(especially those more forest), pasture (especially in areas newly acquired
farms or neighbors) and some areas are already occupied by eucalyptus
plantations, characterized relatively homogeneous.
Thus, after the delimitation of the area scope of study, decided to use physical
aspects that may influence the composition and diversity of fauna and flora in
the differentiation of Landscape Units: altitude, total annual precipitation and
average annual temperature.
67
The study development was divided in 6 steps:
1. Selection of environmental variables;
2. Criteria for selection of fragments;
3. Definition and characterization of Landscape Units;
4. Selection of Areas of High Conservation Value;
5. Diagnostic of the field; and
6. Prioritization, prioritization and planning of the Monitoring Plan
The study covered 67 farms, representing 153,926.4 hectare and identified 40
fragments, with a total of 26,852.6 hectare. There includes areas of Mata
Atlântica and Cerrado Biomas, characterized in specific phisionomies that
consider the density of vegetation (“cerradão”, “cerrado sensu stricto”,
“campo limpo”, “campo sujo”), swamp forests, wetlands (wetfields, meadows
and veredas) and semideciduous forest, besides open areas such as disturbed
areas in the initial and pioneer stages of regeneration.
These areas (around 27 thousand hectares), corresponds to 67% of the Legal
Reserve and Permanent Protected Area and 16.2% of the total ELDORADO’s
area, above the protection target established by the Convention on Biological
Diversity of 10%. The fragments varies of 103.9 hectares to 2,576.5 hectares,
nine of them are above 1,000 hectare.
Of these 40 fragments, 8 of them were prioritized in HCVAs:
Farm
Barraca
Fragment (in hectare)
1067.4
Bonito
2576.5
Campo Limpo II
642.3
Cristo Rei
567.8
Santo André
287.9
São Judas Tadeu
1315.9
São Judas Tadeu
349.3
São Vic./Barranco Vermelho
2316.3
Community was consulted to identify:
 HCV5: Forest areas fundamentals to maintain the basic needs of the local
communities; and
 HCV6: Forest areas critical to the cultural traditional identity of local
communities.
68
Twenty eight (28) farms were visited at the municipalities of Aparecida do
Taboado, Água Clara, Inocência, Santa Rita do Pardo, Selvíria, Ribas do Rio
Pardo e Três Lagoas, in which residents, workers, land owners and neighbors
were interviewed. The consultation aimed to identify the types of occupation
within the neighbor eucalyptus farms and identify existing of communities
nearby.
3.1.3
Socioeconomic Environment
Regional Aspects
The State of Mato Grosso do Sul is located at the center-western region of
Brazil, located among the main consumers centers in Brazil, region South and
Southest, and borders with Paraguay and Bolivia.
The State economy is based on cattle rising and agribusiness, with a total of
30,056,947 ha of the state occupied by 64,862 rural properties, according data
from the IBGE 2006, divided in:
 74.9% of the rural properties are occupied with cattle raising, employing
144,307 people;
 23.6% of the lands are occupied with agriculture, employing 66,884 people;
 1% is occupied with sylviculture and forest exploration.
 75% of the lands are managed by the owner;
 4.6% of the lands are leased; and
 0.4% are in partnership agreement.
Since 2003, the agriculture production is growing over cattle raising areas,
especially soya, and since 2007, sugar cane and eucalyptus. This growth of
sugar cane and eucalyptus is observed in the area surrounding Três Lagoas
and Anastacio and Dois Irmãos do Buruti as well.
The state is also characterized by large land property. In the two census, 1996
and 2006, there was an increase of small properties, between 0 to 100 hectare,
representing 2,2% in 1996 and 3,1% in 2006, mainly because of the new
settlement established by the National Institute of Colonization and
Agricultural Reform (INCRA).
The state population in 2000 is around 2 million people, with a urbanization
rate of 84%. The state has low density rate, 11,34 inhabitant/km²,
concentrating 53% of the population in six municipalities.
69
Demographics and Human Development Index
The process of industrialization has led to the successive increase of urban
population and a decrease of the rural population.
According to the IBGE (2007), Três Lagoas has a total of 85.914 inhabitants,
74.127 in the town. Density population is considered 7.7 inhabitants per km ².
The overall mortality rate remained stable in recent years.
Table 3.5
Demographic Aspects
Population
2000
(year 2000)
Extension
(km²)
(year
2000)
Demographic
Density
(year 2000)
Urbanization
Rate %
(year 2000)
Água Clara
14,424
11,031,37
1.31
66.52
Municipal
Human
Development
1
Index (HDI-M)
1991
2000
0.6190 0.7585
Aparecida do
Taboado
22,320
2,750.13
8.12
90.09
0.6890
0.7630
Inocência
7,669
5,766.26
1.33
63.60
0.7420
0.7720
Santa Rita do
Rio Pardo
7,259
6,143.08
1.18
48.72
0.5570
0.7217
Municipality
(year 2000)
Selvíria
6,287
3,258.32
1.93
76.01
0.6230
0.7356
Três Lagoas
101,791
10,207.04
9.97
95.35
0.7190
0.7839
Ribas do Rio
Pardo
20,946
17,308.72
1.21
61.87
0.6580
0.7337
Anastacio
22,477
2,957.5
7.6
76.82
0.639
0.725
9,335
2,351.2
4
46.74
0.609
0.686
95,701
65,165.8
1.5
90
0.723
0.771
Dois Irmaos
do Buruti
Corumba
Source: IBGE 2010 – PNUD 2000
Três Lagoas was the municipality with the main increase in population
growth that reflects the demographic density and the urbanization rate
(percentage of the population living in urban area), followed by Aparecida do
Taboado.
The larger density also indicates the capacbility to attract people and
consumer, but also means pressure over public services.
In relation to the Municipal Human Development Index, Três Lagoas had the
best result in 2000, while Dois Irmãos do Buruti had the worst result
considering the studied municipalities. In the period of 1991-2000, the
Municipal Human Development Index (HDI) of Três Lagoas grew 10.73%,
from 0.708 in 1991 to 0.784 in 2000.
The HDI-M is a Brazilian governement index, based on the Human Development Index from the UNDP, but adapted to
the caractheristics of locales smalleer than countries. Information is disclosure at the Atlas of Human Development in
Brazil. .
1
70
According to the classification of the UNDP, Três Lagoas is considered a
medium human development area (HDI between 0.5 and 0.8).
Education
According to EIA (2009), Três Lagoas has a performance of 0.869 in education
according to UNDP - United Nations Program for Development, which is
considered high. The vast majority of schools - kindergarten, elementary and
high school, is located in the urban area. Literacy rates have improved and the
permanence of the population on schools has increased.
At all the regional municipalities assessed there are schools and places for all
those that want to study, in except of nursery school.
Table 3.6
Literated Population (2009)
Municipality
Literated Population %
2009
Água Clara
81.86
83.62
Inocência
80.31
Santa Rita do Rio Pardo
80.41
Selvíria
82.41
Três Lagoas
85.15
Ribas do Rio Pardo
79.79
Source: IPEA 2009
Table 3.7
Literated Population (2000)
Municipality
Literated Population %
2000
Anastacio
86.5
Dois Irmaos do Buruti
83.6
Corumba
-
Source IBGE 2001
Health care
In relation to health care, the World Health Organization recommends 3 to 4
beds for 1000 inhabitants. All the municipalities studied are bellow that rate.
Municipality
Bed for 1000 inhabitants
Child Mortality Rate (for
each 1000 born alive)
0.8
30.1
Água Clara
1.8
9.7
Inocência
1.1
11.1
1.1
10.2
Selvíria
0.9
22
2
11.7
Três Lagoas
71
Municipality
Bed for 1000 inhabitants
Child Mortality Rate (for
each 1000 born alive)
Ribas do Rio Pardo
0.8
11.1
Anastacio
-
31.3
-
41.6
Corumba
-
31.4
As Três Lagoas has the best health infrastructure, it concentrates the demand
of health care of the neighboring municipalities, increasing the pressure over
the local health system.
In relation to the Child Mortality Rate, in developed countries the rate is 13 for
1000 child born alive.
Income rates
According to IBGE (2000) the economically active population so far was 36.152
people (60% men). The average per capita income grew 39.15% between 1991
and 2000.
Poverty decreased by 27.05%, whereas the inequality increased: the Gini index
rose from 0.54 to 0.57 (1991 – 2000).
Economic Activities
The northeast part of the state has been developed based on cattle raising
activities, but recently, it has been trying to diversify its economy with the
expansion of industrial poles, with the focus on the municipalities of Três
Lagoas and Aparecida do Taboado. The most promising industrial sectors are
pottery, ceramics, dairy products, textiles, clothing, household appliances and
industrial products and by-products from forestry, paper and sugarcane.
A few infrastructure actions are currently in place to support the integration of
this region, like gas pipeline Bolivia-Brazil, Waterway Tietê-Paraná, Thermo
power plant of Três Lagoas, Hydropower plant of Porto Primavera,
dupplication of the road SP-300.
Table 3.8
GDP Data
Municipality
(year 2000)
GDP
(R$1,000.00)
(year 2000)
276,058.44
GDP per capta (R$1.00)
(year 2000)
328,265.46
16,065.46
Inocência
132,802.69
17,608.42
139,368.30
18,874.36
Água Clara
72
20,264.14
Municipality
(year 2000)
Selvíria
Três Lagoas
Ribas do Rio Pardo
Anastacio
Corumba
GDP
(R$1,000.00)
(year 2000)
84,676.15
GDP per capta (R$1.00)
(year 2000)
1,518,087.11
17,135.71
402,948.92
20,371.53
149,710
6,295
82,434
8,554
-
-
12,814.19
Source: Atlas of Human Development in Brazil, 2003
Regional Infrastructure – Transport
Três Lagoas is located in a junction of road, rail and river transport
infrastructure in Brazil, which allows easy transport of all its agricultural and
industrial production to the markets of Brazil, South America and other
regions.
The main highways of the city are BR-158 and BR 262. The river transport
links the city directly to the Port of Santos. Três Lagoas is also connected by
rail to the Port of Santos and Chile. The local airport has been expanded in
recent years.
Historical and Cultural Heritage
Environmental relevance
The lakes located in the urban area of Três Lagoas and its urroundings, the
Sucuriú, Verde and Pombo Rivers and their respective tributaries, and the
Paraná River, are considered assets of environmental relevance, and cultural
landscape.
Indigenous Population
Centuries ago, the indigenous ethnic group of Ofayé lived in the Eastern
region of Mato Grosso do Sul, where now the city of Três Lagoas is located.
The Ofayé constituted themselves collectors, hunters and fishermen, and were
nomads in lands located between the Paraná and Serra de Maracaju rivers,
limited to the north at Sucuriú river.
From the eighteenth century, it was registered a number of explorers from São
Paulo. This continuous exploration territory led to significant impacts on the
Ofayé population.
73
Currently, the State of Mato Grosso do Sul is the second state in Brazil with
the largest indigenous population, with 61,525 indigenous people in 2007.
At Três Lagoas municipality, there is no indigenous land. The closest
indigenous land is named Ofayé-Xavante and is located at Brasilândia
municipality, located 96 km away from the Pulp mill, and around 90 km away
from the closest ELDORADO’s farm, at Santa Rita do Pardo municipality.
ELDORADO’s owns 4 lands and operates 2 leased land at the municipalities
of Dois Irmãos do Buruti and Anastacio. In this municipalities, there are 7
indigenous land, with 3,785 indigenous people. The closest indigenous land is
22 Km away from Jaticua farm, owned by ELDORADO.
Table 3.9
Indigenous people and land at Anastacio and Dois Irmãos do Buruti
municipalities
Municipality
Anastacio
Indigenous Land
Aldeinha
Dois Irmãos do Buruti
Agua Azul
Ethnic group
Terena
Number of people
360
430
Barreirinho
135
Buruti
1165
Lagoinha
465
Olho D’água
520
Córrego do Meio
710
Source: SEPROTUR/AGRAER, 2007
3.2
Analysis of influence areas and environmental impacts are presented in
different parts, considering the pulp mill and the forest operations separately.
The information about the Pulp mill and the Forest operations were obtained
from different sources, such as environmental studies or informative
spreadsheets, each of them with its own environmental impact methodology.
As mentioned above, for the Forest operations licensing, it is not necessary a
formal environmental study (EIA), when the plantation area is located in a
pasture land.
Therefore the information regarding environmental impacts assessment of
Forest operations was obtained from an informative spreadsheet and not from
a complete environmental study.
74
3.2.1
PULP MILL - Influence Areas
As previously mentioned, the EIA defined the influence areas based on data
and information from the conceptual project and the related potential social
and environmental impacts, as follows:
 Indirect influence area – AII: probable occurrence of indirect environmental
impacts;
 Direct influence area – AID: probable occurrence of direct environmental
impacts; and
 Directly affected area – ADA: direct interference of the activities involved,
including the industry, the gas pipe, power line and other support
activities.
Directly affected area
ADA was defined as the area with direct interference activities, located in a
rural property called Fazenda Santa Vera, in Três Lagoas / MS, with an area
of approximately 1,000 hectares. ADA geographical boundaries are roadway
BR158, Bebedouro and Santa Vera Creek, and Paraná River.
75
Figure 3.1
Directly affected area - ADA
SOURCE: EIA (2009)
Direct influence area
AID was defined as the place restricted to the urban area of Três Lagoas, with
a connecting corridor (roadway BR/MS 158) to the project area.
AID was established considering the social economic and biophysical impacts.
It was considered that both effluent and atmospheric dispersion will have a
projection area only at ADA.
76
Figure 3.2
Direct influence area - AID
SOURCE: EIA (2009)
Indirect influence area
AII was defined as the entire municipality of Três Lagoas, since it will receive
the direct and indirect project impacts, particularly related to social economic
aspects.
77
Figure 3.3
Indirect influence area - AII
SOURCE: EIA (2009)
3.2.2
PULP MILL – Environmental Impacts
Environmental Impacts Metodology
Environmental Impact can be defined as “Any change in physical, chemical,
or biological properties of the environment, caused by any form of matter or
resulting energy from human activities that directly or indirectly, affect: a)
population health, safety and welfare b) social and economic activities c) biota
d) esthetic and sanitary environment conditions d) environmental resources
quality.” (Translated from CONAMA Resolution 001/86).
Environmental Aspect is a “Feature or characteristic of an activity, product, or
service that affects or can affect the environment.” (ISO 14001).
The qualifying criteria used on the EIA involved an analysis of phase
occurrence, impact nature, incidence, importance level, magnitude, duration,
reversibility, scope, mitigation and monitoring.
The items below present the impact evaluation, considering its description,
classification (activities, environmental aspects and technological processes
78
involved). For each situation, mitigation measures and programs are
proposed.
Environmental Impacts Assessment
The environmental impact assessment has been done for construction and
operational phases.

Construction Phase
Impact: Topography modification by earthworks
IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION
Classification
Description
Activities
Earthworks / access opening / land cleaning /
foundations excavation.
Sediments Generation
Implementation worksite entrance / bathroom / dining /
warehouses /administration / access roads.
Construction of the pulp mill.
Construction of the railway branch inside enterprise’s
facilities.
Construction of the fuel station.
Construction of the high voltage transmission line.
Construction of pier.
Environmental aspects
Technological processes
MITIGATIONS MEASURES
1. The excavation and earthworks shall be accompanied by temporary surface drainage works
and implementation of deviation and control of superficial drainage, installation of hydraulic
damping devices and sediment retention using preventive plastic lining on the excavated
material or areas of exposed soil.
2. Continuous monitoring of foundations construction areas, in order to ensure continuous
contention efficiency of the sediment.
3. Construction procedures should adopt protective measures of areas with exposed soil and
sediment contention.
4. It is recommended that the works are carried out, preferentially during the dry season.
5. Separate storage of topsoil for use in land restoration of degraded areas should be applied as
measures for the recovery after the end of the plant construction.
6. Restrict the removal of soil to the areas of project implementation.
7. Being in synchrony with the implementation schedule of works, so there will be no openings
of work fronts without a clear definition of the beginning and end of work.
PROGRAMS
MONITORING OF EROSION AND SILTATION
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM FOR CONSTRUCTION
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Impact: Risk of air quality alteration
Classification
Activities
Description
foundations excavation.
Sediments suspension
Implementation of the construction site and of construction
procedures.
1. During construction access soils, roads, construction sites and other areas likely to generate
fugitive dust should be moist with periodic sprays. Trucks transporting soil, rocks and all
powdery material should have their load covered, preventing the release of particles and dust.
2. It should be mandatory the use of individual protection equipment as masks for employees
exposed to this impact.
3. Preventive maintenance of machines and equipment and operator training.
4. Adoption of an internal program for monitoring proper maintenance of the fleet and to the
emission of black smoke according to Decree n. 85 of 17 October 1996, established by the
Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources - IBAMA.
5. Enforcement actions of the fleet that travels on the highway, checking for discharge of the
emanations.
6. These supervision campaigns should be conducted by supervisory agencies (Police Road and
Environmental Agencies).
PROGRAMS
Impact: Alteration of superficial water dynamics
Classification
Description
Activities
foundations excavation / Covered areas for sheltering
Dynamics of the drainage system, exposure of soil to erosion
and sealing of areas.
Construction of the railway branch inside enterprise’s facilities.
Construction of pier .
1. Control of the execution of drainage works, demolition and cleanup of temporary works,
clearing the flow of talwegs and avoiding the formation of preferential paths for water,
recovery of vegetation in deforested areas and clean.
2. Specify timelines between teams or activities, cleaning talwegs, structural design of energy
dissipator in the output of culverts, drainage, creation of temporary drainage redirecting flows
during the construction of structures or special works.
3. Join the temporary drainage structures
PROGRAMS
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Impact: Demand for deposits
Classification
Activities
Description
Earthworks / regularization of lands for the establishment of
works. Excavations and material displacement.
Employment of loan materials.
Constructive processes
1. Establish procedures for earthworks activities through control of the balance between cut and
fill in order not to be necessary to dispose off and loan material in locations outside the project
field.
2. If necessary the obtaining of deposits outside the plot these deposits must be undertaken in
licensed mines in the district of Três Lagoas preferentially.
PROGRAMS
Impact: Risk of alteration on surface water quality
Classification
Description
Activities
Spillage of fuels, greases, lubricant oils in soil / disposal of
solid waste (organic and industrial).
Sediment generation / increase of turbidity of surface water /
Alteration of soil properties.
solid waste (organic and industrial).
1. Construction of an effluent treatment station as prevention and control of impacts related to
disposal of wastewater generated in the process of implementation of the factory.
2. Implementation of a Program Monitoring of Effluent and
Water Quality, to ensure the proper functioning of the effluent treatment station and quality
control of water bodies adjacent to the worksite
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF MONITORING SURFACE WATER QUALITY
Impact: Risk of alteration on groundwater quality
Description
Classification
Activities
solid waste (organic and industrial). Accidental spills of fuels,
lubricants, oils and greases. Accumulation of waste to be sent
to sanitary landfill and industrial landfill / leaks.
Alteration of groundwater quality
Vehicle fueling / maintenance and vehicle operation /
maintenance and operation of equipment / solid waste
generation.
1. Management actions for prevention. In case of accident specific programs should be deployed
in order to avoid a recurrence of the accidents.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF MONITORING GROUDWATER QUALITY
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Impact: Risk to the aquifer by soil impermeabilization
Classification
Activities
Description
Water abstraction for the implementation of the Pulp mill.
Decrease in the wells water production.
Soil impermeabilization by construction of buildings and
storage yard.
1. It is recommended the development of feasibility studies for groundwater abstraction that
will evaluate the potential of local aquifers to this demand.
PROGRAMS
Development of feasibility studies for groundwater abstraction
Impact: Noise generation
Classification
Activities
Description
Earth moving (excavators, shovel loaders, graders, trucks,
etc..), foundations (pile-driving pneumatic hammers ), civil
works (concrete mixers and vibrators), takedowns and
explorations of building materials (drills and crushers)
Noise level alteration
Use of excavators / mixers / vibrators.
1. The noise mitigation measures in construction phase consist essentially in the planning of
works to be carried out preferentially during the day.
2. Installation of work site and auxiliary facilities away from passive recipients, permanent
mechanical preventive and corrective maintenance of equipment, crushing and others in the
sense that are not emitted noise levels beyond those provided for each product, besides the use
of Collective Protection Equipment (CPE ) and
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the working staff.
PROGRAMS
NOISE MONITORING PROGRAM
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Impact: Alteration of landscape patterns
Classification
Activities
Description
Earthworks / regularization of lands for the implementation of
works. Excavations and material displacement.
Elements strange to the physiognomy
Implementation worksite entrance = / bathroom / dining /
Implementation of vegetable curtain in places with structures that remain active during the
operation, recovery of the areas used and abandoned with the enrichment of native vegetation;
completion of vegetation restoration near the crossings of water resources (riparian forest).
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF RECOVERY, ENRICHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
VEGETATION.
Impact: Risk of changing the fauna by the increase of hunting, fishing and
trade in wild animals
Classification
Activities
Description
Increasing in movement of people in the area of direct
influence.
Increase in degree of disturbance on the environment / scaring
of animal species.
Construction of pier .
1. Setting standards of conduct for employees, provided through a program of environmental
education to workers, people, passersby in the construction sites to minimize irregular
initiatives of degradation of wildlife and vegetation.
2. The activities of the workers who remain in the area outside of working hours should be
supervised for the prohibition of the use of firearms by unauthorized personnel.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF TRAINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
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Impact: Fauna scaring
Classification
Activities
Description
Increasing in movement of people, machines and equipment in
the area of direct influence.
Increase in the degree of disturbance in the environment /
scaring the animal species / restrictions of individuals of the
species that survive as meta populations that rely on
vegetation corridors, especially of those who depend on the
area directly affected.
1. In fragmented landscape, the preservation of corridors is always crucial, since these are
essential for the maintenance of genetic exchange for disjoint plant and animal populations.
2. Management of remaining natural vegetation on the property and increase of the legal
reserve. Increase of permanent preservation area along the reservoir and Jupiá Stream and
Bebedouro Stream.
3. To assess the degree of disturbance of the animal community implement a monitoring
program of populations of indicator species, using available resources in riparian corridor: the
pumas and small wild cats, by their dependence on forest and corridors.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF SURVEY OF MAMMALS POPULATIONS
Impact: Risk of running over the fauna
Classification
Activities
Description
Implementation of the construction site.
Increasing in the road kill of native animals.
Increasing in movement of buses, and trucks.
1. It must be carried out a permanent monitoring (preferably every two months) for the
identification of critical points of road kills.
2. At critical points will be required the controlling mechanisms of speed to mitigate this
impact.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF SURVEY OF MAMMALS POPULATIONS
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Impact: Risk of change in aquatic communities
Classification
Activities
Description
Implementation of the construction site, of the industrial unit,
transmission lines and distribution of energy, pipeline outfall,
of water pumping station of Jupiá Dam , access roads for
deployment of landing pier in Rio Bebedouro..
Implementation of the construction site and access roads
internal to the enterprise.
Construction of landing pier for barges.
wastewater treatment station / Pier berthing
1. To minimize the consequences of erosion, measures will be adopted:
a. Protection of areas with exposed soil during construction deployment of the pier.
b. The work will be done preferentially during the dry season and the land directly affected,
protected from the erosive action.
c. Deployment of temporary deviations of water runoff surface and a device for containing
sediment.
PROGRAMS
MONITORING PROGRAM OF AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
Impact: Increase in the offer of services
Classification
Activities
Description
Hiring contractors for the construction process
Changes in the population of of Três Lagoas city.
Implementation of the construction site and internal access
roads to the enterprise.
Construction of the internal railway branch at the enterprise.
Construction of fuel station.
1.The accommodation granted by the municipal government of Três Lagoas should be used for
the employees. In case it is necessary to rent housing, they will be identified with the name of
the contractor employed and preferably located outside the areas strictly residential as
indicated by the Master Plan of Três Lagoas.
2. This impact can be enhanced to the extent that the strength of local labor is privileged in
hiring and receive guidance and specific training, if it has sufficient level of qualification.
3. Implement a social communication program with disclosure of job opportunities and the
necessary requirements. Partnerships with professionalizing institutions are desirable and can
contribute to a better utilization of local manpower .
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH COMMUNITIES
NEXT TO THE PROJECT
PROGRAM FOR INCENTIVE TO ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
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Impact: Increase in tax collections
Classification
Activities
Description
Hiring of contractors / Purchase of materials / labor hire
Changes of tax collection in Três Lagoas city.
Construction of the internal railway branch to the enterprise.
Because it is a predominantly positive impact and negative aspects potentially requiring the
elaboration of macro-regional policies, the scope of this project does not include mitigation,
allowing its increase to the extent that the new entrepreneurs, local or attracted to the region the
due to the growth of local economy, and also because they receive support and guidance in the
areas of training (managerial and commercial) and funding, which, besides improving the gains
for the region's economy, can indirectly minimize the tendency of concentration of income
among entrepreneurs with greater accumulation of capital and market knowledge.
PROGRAMS
NEXT TO THE PROJECT
PROGRAM TO INCENTIVE TO ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT
Impact: Pressure on services and public facilities - education / health / safety
/ culture
Classification
Activities
Description
Hiring of contractors / Purchase of materials / labor hire
Increased demand for services and public facilities.
Construction of the internal railway branch to the enterprise.
Monitoring the volume and quality of provision of infrastructure and essential services
available to the population through social indicators and the establishment of institutional
agreements in order to meet demands set and plan the expansion of these services, optimizing
the location and profile of equipment and services; empowering municipalities to prepare plans
to expand the network of services and infrastructure, predicting the use of programs and
policies that provide resources and funding alternatives for the implementation and
maintenance of the expansion of supply.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR ADEQUACY OF INFRASTRUCTURE
PROGRAM OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY
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Impact: Risk to the historical and artistic heritage
Classification
Activities
Description
Earthworks /Access opening /Cleaning of land / Excavation
of foundations
Disturbance of archaeological sites.
Implementation of construction sites.
Archeological survey and rescue prior to the activities of land clearing and earthworks with
monitoring through the programs.
PROGRAMS

Operation Phase
Impact: Change in the dynamics of surface water
Description
Classification
Activities
Operation of boats / collection of pluvial water in the drainage
canals.
Erosion of the banks of the Rio Parana and Rio
Bebedouro/precipitation
Pier / drainage of internal urbanization of the company
1. When diagnosed the outbreak of erosion, these should be stopped as soon as possible,
preventing further damage.
2. Proceed to monitoring for the possible formation of landslides on banks. If the process still
occurs there should be deployed structures to dissipate energy waves and protection margins.
3. Drainage system for rainwater capable of supporting a peak of rain with 25-year recurrence
period.
PROGRAMS
MONITORING OF EROSION AND SILTATION
PROGRAM FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER
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Impact: Risk of change in natural soil quality
Classification
Description
Activities
maintenance and operation of equipments.
Alteration of soil properties.
Fuel Stations / Handling of hazardous materials /
maintenance workshops / landfill / wastewater treatment
station.
1. Carry out inspections on vehicles in compliance with legislation in place. The fuelling and
maintenance of vehicles shall be made in a suitable place provided with oil and water separator.
2. For situations in which the shedding may occur even with the implementation of the
measures mentioned above, corrective actions will be the removal of the soil with the leakage
and absorption of the spilled material provided a set of tools for emergencies, containing at
least: shovel, hoe gloves, hand spade and mainly hydrophobic absorbing materials (dried peat)
of high power absorption of oils.
3. The soil removed shall be stored and subsequently allocated to an industrial landfill properly
licensed by the environmental agency responsible.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF GROUNDWATER
Impact: Risk of change in the quality of surface water
Classification
Activities
Description
maintenance and operation of equipment / generation and
waste management / leaks / spills of fuels, lubricants, oils and
greases.
Alteration of the properties of surface waters.
station.
1. Implementation of operations management system focusing on measures such as:
a. Preventive maintenance of equipment and vehicles;
b. installation of oil and water separator in areas where there is the likelihood of spillage of oils,
greases and fuels.
c. treatment and control of contaminated rainwater.
2. Implementation of a Monitoring Program Water Quality and Wastewater.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR MONITORING THE QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER
It is important to point out that, according to the Pulp mill project, effluents
will be treated in an on-site wastewater treatment system and discharged into
Paraná River via an effluent outfall, installed upstream of the pulp water
intake point. The effluent treatment system will consist primary treatment
(solids-containing effluent) and a biological treatment for effluents (activated
sludge).
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It was evidenced compliance with the discharge limits established by the
applicable standards.
Similarly, the treatment process guarantees result in the following specific
flow and loads:
Parameter
Specific value
Flow (m³/ADt)

Average

Design
28.9
36.8
BOD (kg/ADt)
0.59
TSS (kg/ADt)
1.11
AOX (kg/ADt)
0.14
It is also important to point out that the EIA developed for ELDORADO pulp
mill took into account water availability as one factor for location alternatives.
Water will be abstracted from Paraná River and a flow measurement for the
period of 22 years was considered. Within this period, the average flow was
7,299 m³/s, with a maximum flow of 28,222 ³/s and minimum of 1,597 m³/s.
The characteristic flow (Q95) was 2,070 m³/s (occurring 95% of the time).
Considering an effluent flow of 144,000 m3/day (or 1.67 m3/s), it represents
only 0.08% of Paraná River (Q95) flow.
Impact: Risk of change in groundwater quality
Classification
Activities
Description
Leaks / spills / tanks and ducts disruptions / solid waste
generation
Alteration of the properties of groundwater.
station.
The management actions focus on comprehensive programs that address the accident
prevention, with the control, supervision, and monitoring.
Implementation of monitoring wells in the aquifer (upstream and downstream of the landfill
area).
Collection and treatment system of liquid leachate.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR MONITORING THE EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
STATION
PROGRAM FOR MONITORING OF GROUNDWATER
89
Impact: Change in air quality
Classification
Description
Activities
Operation of the recovery boiler, furnace calciners, and power
boiler
Change in air quality and odor generation.
Generation of air pollutants: particulate matter, sulfur oxides
and carbon monoxide.
The emission sources (recovery boiler, calcining kilns, and power boiler) should be monitored
through measurements of gas chimneys regularly, following the methodology regulated.
Parameters should be measured on a regular basis: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and (Total Reduced
Sulfur) TRS.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING
According to the “Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling”, the locations where the
greatest change will occur in air quality are the highest concentration of
pollutants can occur in wind speed between 3 and 5 m / s with distance
between 500-700 meters. The probability of this occurring is weather condition
around 4.2%. The largest share of pollutants will be dispersed to the
Southwest direction and Northeast, more than 62.9% of the time.
Impact: Generation of noise
Classification
Activities
Description
Noise sources by the various industrial production equipment
such as the receiving area of logs, wood chippers, pulp
preparation and production.
Continuous noise sources and nearly uninterrupted
Pulp mill
Acoustic control through the deployment of Collective Protection Equipment (CPE) such as
protective barriers, baffles, silencers to be defined in detailed design of projects and acoustic
adjustments after the operation phase.
PROGRAMS
MANAGEMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
PROGRAM FOR NOISE MONITORING
90
Impact: Changing the standard scenic-landscape
Classification
Description
Activities
Industrial complex
The surrounding landscape.
Building of the pulp mill.
Internal railway branch of the enterprise.
High voltage transmission line.
Pier.
Enrichment of native vegetation and forestry with the completion of vegetation recovery at the
crossings of water resources (riparian).
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR RECOVERY, ENRICHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
VEGETATION
Impact: Fauna scaring
Classification
Activities
Description
Increased movement of people, machines and equipment in
the area of direct influence.
scaring species of animals / restrictions of individuals of the
species that survive as metapopulations that depend on the
runners, especially of those who depend on the area directly
affected.
High voltage transmission line
Pier.
Monitoring of natural processes of displacement or relocation of wildlife from environments
currently stabilized and colonized.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR RECOVERY, ENRICHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
VEGETATION
PROGRAM FOR SURVEY OF MAMALS POPULATIONS.
91
Impact: Risk of running over the fauna
Classification
Activities
Description
Increased movement of people, machines and equipment in
the areas of direct and indirect influence.
scaring species of animals / restrictions of individuals of the
species that survive as metapopulations that depend on the
runners, especially of those who depend on the area directly
affected.
High voltage transmission line
Pier.
Enrichment of native vegetation in carrying out the vegetation recovery near the crossings of
water resources (riparian vegetation) and habitat corridors.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR SURVEY OF MAMALS POPULATIONS.
Impact: Risk of change in aquatic communities
Classification
Activities
Description
Increase in organic matter / Increase in turbidity and
suspended solids / Increase in color / Disposal of treated
wastewater / in the waters of Jupiá Dam .
Disturbance in aquatic communities.
Disposal of treated wastewater into the waters of the Parana
River.
Implementation of a Monitoring Program for Wastewater and Water Quality.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR MONITORING THE AQUATIC COMMUNITIES
Impact: Proliferation of vectors
Classification
Activities
Description
Disposal of domestic solid waste sludge from treatment
system and from some of the organic waste generated in the
production process in landfills and composting sites.
Increase in proliferation of disease and nuisance vectors
Management of waste in landfills
Cautions in the management and operating system of the landfill, such as continuous cell
compaction of waste, cover and proper maintenance of the drainage of rainwater. These
measures will be essential to reduce the chances of excessive proliferation of vectors.
PROGRAMS
MANAGEMENT IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
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Impact: Stimulation of the economy
Classification
Activities
Description
Payment of wages, taxes and fees
Stimulation of the economy
Operation of Pulp Mill - Eldorado Project
Because it is a predominantly positive impact and negative aspects potentially requiring the
elaboration of macro-regional policies the scope of this does not include mitigation, allowing its
increase to the extent that the new entrepreneurs local or attracted to the region the due to the
growth of local economy and also because they receive support and guidance in the areas of
training (managerial and commercial) and funding of the project, which besides improving the
gains for the region's economy can indirectly minimize the tendency of concentration of income
among entrepreneurs with greater accumulation of capital and market knowledge.
PROGRAMS
NEXT TO THE PROJECT
Impact: Increase in demand for public services
Classification
Activities
Description
Increase in demand for services and public facilities, especially
in health but also in telephone services, sanitation, water,
education and security in the town of Três Lagoas.
Stimulation of the economy and the migrant population
Monitoring the volume and quality of provision of infrastructure and essential services
available to the population through social indicators and the establishment of institutional
agreements.
Agreements with the focus set to meet demands and to plan the expansion of these services,
optimizing the location and profile of equipment and services; empower municipalities to
prepare plans to expand the network of services and infrastructure, predicting the use
programs and policies that provide resources and funding alternatives for the implementation
and maintenance of the expansion of supply.
PROGRAMS
PROGRAM FOR ADEQUACY OF INFRASTRUCTURE
PROGRAM FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY
93
Impact: Risk of exclusion of local communities
Classification
Activities
Description
Increase in demand for qualified work
Stimulation of the economy and demand for skilled labor.
Incentive to increase the competitive capacity of local human resources (training programs and
information) the establishment of reference standards (quality programs in production and
management, both in economic and environmental, social, educational and others) in
stimulating seizing opportunities (incubators, access to credit, entrepreneurial skills and / or
associative).
PROGRAMS
NEXT TO THE PROJECT
3.2.3
Forest Operations – Environmental Impacts
As mentioned above, for forest operations licensing, it is not necessary a
formal environmental study (EIA), when the plantation area is located in a
pasture land.
Therefore the information regarding environmental impacts assessment of
forest operations was obtained from an informative spreadsheet, and not from
a complete environmental study.
The environmental impact assessment was performed for forest operations
activities in general.
The environmental impact assessment was done considering the identification
of the following items:

Process activity;

Aspects;

Direct impacts;

Evaluation;

Indirect impacts; and

Procedure / Management Program / Monitoring indicators.
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The table below presents the environmental impact assessment for forest
operations.
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Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
PROCESS - Activity - Operation
Monitoring
Indicators
PLANNING
Planning of conservation areas
Planning productive areas
Maintenance and
enhancement of
natural
environments
Maintenance and
enhancement of
productive areas
Maintenance / increase /
connections of natural
environments
Maintenance / increase /
connections of natural
environments
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high
high
Qualitative and quantitative
Water maintenance / improvement
of water resources
Air
Maintenance / improvement
of the microclimate
Soil
Reduction of erosion
Fauna
of biodiversity
Flora
of biodiversity
x
x
% conserved area
% recovery area
% productive area
indicators for the
conservation of flora
and fauna
x
% conserved area
% recovery area
% productive area
indicators for the
conservation of flora
and fauna
Qualitative and quantitative
Water maintenance / improvement
of water resources
Air
of the microclimate
Soil
Fauna
of biodiversity
Flora
of biodiversity
x
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
Increased pollution by
agrochemicals
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
Monitoring
Indicators
FORESTRY (Silviculture)
Seedlings production
Fertilization
low
Contamination of
Water groundwater and water
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Change in the chemical
properties
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
Fauna Reduction of biodiversity
Irrigation
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Change in the physical and
chemical properties
Flora
Insignificant
Seedling storage (waiting seedling nursery)
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
97
Insignificant
Irrigation
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Indirect impacts
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
Kilometers of roads
stored
Number of
communities that
benefit from
Flora
Monitoring
Indicators
Insignificant
Cleaning of the area
Construction and maintenance of roads and firebreaks
Tilling the topsoil
Increased soil erosion
medium Water
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Flora
Maintenance and
improvement of
secondary roads
Improvemento of
conditions on secondary
roads
Insignificant
medium Water Reduction of sedimentation
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Fauna Insignificant
Flora
98
x
Insignificant
Control of ants
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
Tipping, drag and removal
Removal of natural
vegetation
Suppression and
fragmentation of natural
environments
Insignificant
medium Water Change in water balance
Air
Change of microclimate
Soil
Increase of erosion
x
Stump removal
Tilling the topsoil
low
Flora
Reduction of biodiversity
Water
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Flora
99
Insignificant
x
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Soil preparation
Control of ants
low
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
Subsoiling
Tilling the topsoil
medium Water
Insignificant
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna Insignificant
Flora
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Insignificant
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
100
Insignificant
Chemical control of weed competition
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Contamination of
medium Water groundwater and water
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
Implementation
Planting seedlings
Consumption of
water and soil
nutrients
Reduction of water
availability
high
Flora
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Insignificant
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
101
Insignificant
Irrigation
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Indirect impacts
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
x
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Replanting of seedlings
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
x
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
Monitoring
Indicators
Reform
Planting seedlings
Consumption of
water and soil
nutrients
Reduction of water
availability
high
Flora
102
x
Insignificant
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Irrigation
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
x
Replanting of seedlings
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
Flora
103
x
Insignificant
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Inducing regrowth
Inducing regrowth (chemical elimination of sprouts)
low
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Insignificant
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Irrigation
Water consumption
Reduction of water
availability
low
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
Flora
104
Insignificant
Direct impacts
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Indirect impacts
Procedure
Management
Program
Aspects
Evaluation
Monitoring
Indicators
Maintanence after planting
Fertilization
Control of ants
Mechanical control of weed competition
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
Tilling the topsoil
agrochemicals
105
low
low
low
Water
Contamination of
groundwater and water
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Water
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Elimination of regrowth (chemical)
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Indirect impacts
medium Water
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
medium Water
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Maintenance years 1 and 2
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
106
low
Direct impacts
Control of ants
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Maintenance for roads and firebreaks
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
Tilling the topsoil
agrochemicals
107
low
Indirect impacts
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
Monitoring
Indicators
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
medium Water
Procedure
Management
Program
Aspects
Evaluation
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
x
Maintenance for roads and firebreaks
Tilling the topsoil
Improvement of
secondary roads
Indirect impacts
medium Water
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Kilometers of roads
stored
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Reduction of sedimentation
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Maintenance years 3, 4 and 5
Fertilization
Control of ants
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
agrochemicals
108
low
low
Removal of natural Suppression and
vegetation
(understory)
environments
Maintenance of roads and firebreaks
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
Tilling the topsoil
agrochemicals
109
low
Indirect impacts
Water
Insignificant
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Insignificant
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
x
x
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)physical
and chemical
indicators of water
quality
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
medium Water
Management
Program
Mechanical control of weed competition (manual)
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
x
Monitoring
Indicators
Tilling the topsoil
Improvement of
secondary roads
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Kilometers of roads
stored
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
Monitoring
Indicators
medium Water Reduction of sedimentation
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Fauna Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
Maintenance – year 6
Fertilization
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
x
Flora
Control of ants
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
low
Insignificant
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Flora
110
x
Insignificant
Mechanical control of weed competition (manual)
Removal of natural Suppression and
vegetation
(understory)
environments
low
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Indicators of fauna
and flora
conservation
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Water Insignificant
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Insignificant
Flora
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
agrochemicals
Insignificant
Contamination of
medium Water groundwater and water
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
x
Flora
Tilling the topsoil
111
medium Water
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
x
Tilling the topsoil
Improvement of
secondary roads
Indirect impacts
medium Water
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Kilometers of roads
stored
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
flow rate in
different seasons
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Water
Reduction of water
availability
Air
Insignificant
Soil
chemical properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Forest Protection
Control of pests and diseases (mechanical, chemical,
biological)
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
Increased pollution of
agrochemicals
low
x
Asset Protection
Prevention of fires and firefighting
Water
consumption
Reduction of water
availability
112
low
x
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
and water
Increased pollution for
chemical substances
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
Monitoring
Indicators
Maintenance of forestry equipments
Fueling on field
Mechanical maintenance
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
and water
chemical substances
low
low
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
x
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water
qualityIndicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
Indicators for
vehicle monitoring
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
Driving, Operation and Use of Automotive
Equipment
Transport of people, machines and equipment
Traffic on roads
and extensions
Increase in traffic of
vehicles and machines
113
medium Water
Insignificant
Air
Increased concentration of
pollutants
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
(roadkill)
Flora
Insignificant
x
Implementation of forestry operations
Traffic on roads
and extensions
Implementation of forestry operations
Traffic on roads
and extensions
Increased soil compaction
Indirect impacts
medium Water
Monitoring
Indicators
Insignificant
Air
pollutants
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
(roadkill)
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
x
Indicators for
vehicle monitoring
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
HARVESTING
Wood harvesting
Drag and bucking trees
Traffic on roads
and extensions
Increased soil compaction
114
medium Water
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
Tilling the topsoil
Cutting and delimbing trees (mechanized)
Tilling the topsoil
Supression of
planted trees
Improvement of
secondary roads
Suppression and
environments
115
Indirect impacts
medium Water
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
Monitoring
Indicators
x
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Kilometers of roads
stored
x
x
Indicators of fauna
and flora
conservation
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
Change in water balance
Air
Change of microclimate
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Redução da biodiversidade
Flora
Insignificant
Traffic on roads
and extensions
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
Monitoring
Indicators
Wood transport
Loading and transportation of wood
medium Water
Insignificant
Air
pollutants
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
(roadkill)
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
Water
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna
Flora
Insignificant
x
x
Indicators for
vehicle monitoring
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
Maintenance of harvesting equipment
Fueling on field
Mechanical maintenance
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
and water
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
and water
chemical substances
chemical substances
116
low
low
x
x
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
Monitoring
Indicators
Driving, Operation and Use of Automotive Equipment
Transport of people, machines and equipment
Development of harvesting operations
Development of harvesting operations
Traffic on roads and Increase in traffic of
extensions
Traffic on roads and Increase in traffic of
extensions
Traffic on roads and Increased soil
extensions
compaction
117
medium Water
Insignificant
Air
pollutants
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
(roadkill)
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
x
x
Indicators for
vehicle monitoring
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
Insignificant
Air
pollutants
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
(roadkill)
Flora
Insignificant
medium Water
x
Indicators for
vehicle monitoring
Indicators of
wildlife
conservation
x
chemical properties
Air
Insignificant
Soil
Increase of erosion
Fauna
Insignificant
Flora
Insignificant
x
number of erosive
processes (severe,
routine)
physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Indirect impacts
Management
Program
Direct impacts
Procedure
Aspects
Evaluation
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
x
x
Physical and
chemical indicators
of water quality
Monitoring
Indicators
STORAGE YARD
Wood moving
Loading, unloading and transshipment of timber
Waste Disposal
(decomposition)
chemical substances
low
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna Insignificant
Flora
Machine washing
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
and water
chemical substances
low
Insignificant
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna Insignificant
Flora
Fueling and lubrication
Disposal of
chemicals on soil
and water
chemical substances
low
Insignificant
Contamination of
streams
Air
Insignificant
Soil
properties
Fauna Insignificant
Flora
118
Insignificant
3.3
MITIGATION MEASURES
3.3.1
Pulp Mill – Mitigation Measures
The Environmental Monitoring Programs were develop in accordance with
the environmental legislation and guidance given by the technical
requirements included in the Preliminary License nº 314/2009 and Installation
License nº 17/2011, issued by the former State Environmental Agency of Mato
Grosso do Sul State-IMAP. The main programs are listed below:
Project for Social Communication and Relationship with Communities
close to the Enterprise – PCS
Objectives:

Establishment of communication channels between the enterprise and
communities close to the project;

Implementation of social inclusion, and technical and operational
learning; and

Cooperation with public and private entities related regional
development, aiming to define cooperative actions.
Activities:

Development and implementation of a direct and continuum
communication channel between the enterprise and society as a whole, in
order to provide clearly and accurate information about its activities; and

Consultation with stakeholders (particularly the community members), in
order to discuss their demands, needs and opportunities.
Frequency:

During construction and operational phases.
Environmental Quality Control Project – PCQA
Monitoring of Surface Water Quality
119
Objectives:

Evaluation of surface water quality, during construction and operational
phases. Monitoring of the most important quality parameters.
Monitoring Points:

Construction phase:

Paraná river, upstream of the enterprise;
 Paraná river, downstream of the enterprise;

Bebedouro creek, upstream of the enterprise; and
 Bebedouro creek, in confluence with Paraná river.

Operational phase:
 Paraná river, upstream of the effluent outfall;

Paraná river, downstream of the efluente outfall;
 Bebedouro creek, upstream of the enterprise;
 Bebedouro creek, in confluence with Paraná river.
Parameters:

Water temperature, pH, BOD, COD, dissolved oxygen, colour, turbidity,
solids (total, suspended, dissolved, sedimented, volatile suspended, fixed
suspended), nitrogen (total and ammonia), total phosphorus, oils and
greases, phenols, fecal and total coliforms.
Frequency:
Monitoring of groundwater quality
Objectives:
Evaluation of groundwater quality, during construction and operational
phases. Monitoring of the most important quality parameters, in order to
verify possible contaminants.
120
Monitoring Points:

Upstream and downstream of each tank and production sites, considering
the groundwater flow direction; and

Water wells for human consumption.
Parameters:

Upstream and downstream of each tank and production sites:
The minimum parameters to be monitored are organic substances found
in synthetic oils, greases and fuels, and inorganic and organic elements,
according to Brazilian Regulation for Water Potability (currently, Portaria
MS Nº 2914/2011).
During operational phase, it will be included the following parameters:
 Sulfuric acid storage - minimum parameters: sulphate, sulfur, electrical
conductivity, temperature, pH;
 Methanol Handling and Storage - minimum parameters: methanol
compounds and their products reaction with the soil and groundwater;
 Sodium Chlorate Handling and Storage - minimum parameters:
chloride, sodium, conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH;
 Chlorine Dioxide Production - minimum parameters: chloride, pH,
electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids;
 Evaporation, Recovery Boiler (black liquor system) - minimum
parameters: electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium,
color, sulphate, sodium, pH; and
 Caustification - minimum parameters: pH, alkalinity, carbonates and
bicarbonates, sodium, sulfide and sulfate, metals, total dissolved
solids, electrical conductivity.

Water wells for human consumption:
In case of of water wells that serve the demand for human consumption, it
will be included:
 Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Cadmium, Cyanide, Lead, Copper,
Chromium, Fluoride, Mercury, Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium, Acrylamide,
Benzene, Benzo [a] pyrene, vinyl chloride, 1,2 dichloroethane, 1,1
Dicloroeteno, Dichloromethane, styrene, carbon tetrachloride,
121
tetrachloroethene, Trichlorobenzenes, trichloroethene, Alachlor, Aldrin
and Dieldrin, Atrazine, Bentazone, Chlordane (isomers), 2,4-D, DDT
(isomers), endosulfan, Endrin, Glyphosate, Heptachlor and Heptachlor
epoxide, Hexachlorobenzene,
Lindane (γ-BHC), metolachlor, Methoxychlor, Molinate,
Pendimethalin, Pentachlorophenol, Permethrin, Propanil, Simazine,
Trifluralin, Microcystins, Bromate, chlorite, free chlorine,
monochloramine, 2,4,6 trichlorophenol, Total Trihalomethanes,
Aluminum, Ammonia, Chloride, Color Apparent, hardness,
Ethylbenzene, Iron, Manganese, monochlorobenzene, Smell, Taste,
Sodium, Total dissolved solids, sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, surfactants,
Toluene, Turbidity, Zinc, Xylene, Escherichia coli or fecal coliforms,
total coliforms.
Frequency:

Every six months (upstream and downstream of each tank and
production sites) and anually (water wells for human consumption).
Monitoring of liquid effluent at the treatment effluent station
Objectives:

Determine the efficiency of the Treatment Effluent Station.
Monitoring points:

Raw effluent (before treatment); and

Treated effluent.
Parameters:

Raw effluent: flow, pH, condutivity, temperature, suspended solids,
sedimented solids, color, DOB, COB, AOX; and

Treated effluent (final): flow, pH, condutivity, temperature, suspended
solids, sedimented solids, color, BOD, COD, turbidity, total phosphorus,
total nitrogen, AOX, heavy metals, sulfate, chloride, sulfide, phenol,
sodium, calcium, iron, oil and grease, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity,
dioxins and furans.
Frequency:

During construction and operational phases. Sampling will be variable,
depending on the parameter (it can be online, daily, twice a week,
monthly, etc).
122
Monitoring of erosion and sedimentation
Objectives:

Indicate measures for controlling erosion and sedimentation during
project construction phase.
Frequency:

Periodic inspections, whenever there is more intense precipitation.
Noise monitoring
Objectives:

Monitoring noise levels in the project surroundings.
Monitoring points:

Monitoring points will be determined after the start of project operation.
Frequency:

During project operation.
Monitoring of air emissions (air quality maintenance)
Objectives:

Evaluate air quality maintenance, through monitoring of air emissions.
Monitoring points:

Air emissions at source, which emit gaseous effluents, or equipment such
as boilers recovery, lime kiln and power boiler / biomass.
Parameters:

At least the reduced sulfur compounds (TRS); NOx and Particulate
Matter.
Frequency:

Perform at least two campaigns per year (one in winter and another in
summer).
123
Monitoring and Conservation of Flora
Objectives:

Compensation of native vegetation removal;

Minimization of interference on usual animal movements and dispersion
of zoochorous plant seedlings; and

Increase of wild animals circulation (through the expansion of the
ecological corridor along Paraná river and Bebedouro creek, increasing
also natural resources supply).
Activities

Mapping and characterization of vegetation and physiognomies
associated to secondary succession (structure, composition, evidence and
disturbing factors etc.);

Evaluation of the composition and dynamics of seed and seedling forests;
and

Forest restoration: soil analysis - chemical and physical properties
evaluation.
Monitoring and Conservation of Terrestrial Fauna
i. Monitoring and Conservation of Avifauna.
ii. Monitoring and Follow-up of Herpetofauna.
iii. Monitoring and Supervision of the mammals.
Objectives:

Systematic evaluation of construction and operacional effects on local
terrestrial fauna; and

Mapping of local indicator species.
Activities:

Estimation of population densities, selected in the developed surveys
(area of influence of the project).
124
Frequency:

Should be implemented during the construction phase and maintained for
about two years after operation beginning.
Monitoring of Aquatic Communities
i. Monitoring and Conservation of Fish fauna.
ii. Fauna Monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates.
Objectives:

Evaluation of the effect changes introduced in aquatic communities, by
the mooring docks construction and also by the effluent outfall;

Knowing of natural patterns and communities fluctuation, identifying
possible anomalies, resulting or not by the Pulp mill implementation and
operation; and

Contributing to the knowledge of local fish assemblages.
Activities:

The proposed monitoring should include groups of phyto-and
zooplankton, periphyton and fish fauna, which represent the aquatic
plankton, benthos and Necton.
Frequency:

It should be implemented before the Pulp mill construction and
maintained for approximately two years after operation beginning.
Sampling should be quarterly.
Monitoring points:

Sampling points should be distributed along Paraná river and stream
upstream and downstream of effluent outfall; and

It should be determined some basic parameters such as oxygen dissolved,
temperature, transparency, pH and conductivity as well as characterized
the aquatic macrophytes and the conservation of local vegetation.
125
Social Development Projects – PDS
Project for Development Entrepreneurial
Objectives:

Contribution to regional development;

Collaboration of public and private entities related to regional
development; and

Maximization of benefits related to local economy, contributing to its
dynamization.
Activities:

Providing technical and operational knowledge for local people
capacitation. It will improve their job opportunities.
Frequency:

Adequacy of Project Infrastructure
Objectives:

In cooperation with official institutions, this program aims to analyze and
adjust to the additional demands for public facilities in the town of Três
Lagoas and Selvíria.
Activities:

Establishment of agreements and partnerships with neighboring
municipalities.
Public Health Project
Objectives:

Contribute to government agencies accountable to epidemiological
surveillance and health, and help to control diseases in the districts of
Indirect Influence Area (AII), which may arise due to the increase in
population (caused by the enterprise attractiveness), especially in its
construction phase; and
126

Contribute to government agencies responsible for public security in the
area of Indirect Influence (AII), which may arise as a result of population,
especially in its construction phase.
Activities:

Provide information for monitoring disease and other sexually
transmitted diseases associated with the influx of employee. Information
will be given at industry infirmary and lodging (construction phase); and

Participation on public health programs.
Security Project – Proseg
Objectives:

With the increase in population during the project construction phase,
there will be a greater demand on public facilities and safety services. In
partnership with government and agencies responsible for public safety,
the company seeks to strengthen the existing monitoring and public
security services, aiming to maintain the community welfare.
Activities:

Participation on security programs and actions. Actions can include, for
example, vehicle donation for municipal police.
Project for education, leisure and culture to the employees
Objectives:

Using lodging facilities after the completion of project construction phase,
for hosting events related to education, culture and leisure.
Activities:

Encourage activities of education, culture and recreation to the
community.
Occupational Health and Safety
Objectives:

Providing principles of personnel and local security, considering a health
work environment.
127
Activities:

Development of the following themes: Mission, Vision and Values; Policy
and Principles; Management System; Policies, standards and procedures;

Establishment of training groups for policy, standard and procedure
learning; and

Implementation of each policy, standard and procedure.
Environmental Education and Training Project– PTEA
Objectives:

Inform the population (involved in the project) about the regional
environmental and socioeconomic characteristics and also the
environmental benefits of the project;

Dissemination of information on initiatives to preserve environmental
quality (related to the project);

Guide and contribute to the development works and the improvement of
quality standards life of the population, by introducing and / or
reinforcement of knowledge and good practices, as following:
 Training public school teachers, technicians and other agents involved
on environmental education;
 Encouraging the formation of environmentally right habits and attitudes
next to the school population;
 Contributing to prevention and minimization of environmental and
social impacts; and
 Integrating and harmonizing environmental education actions of the
project.
Activities:

Conduct survey and analysis of existing studies and programs;

Establish partnerships with regional institutions linked to education and
environmental areas, and other local partners that can collaborate with
the program's actions;

Identify and characterize the population of the highway influence area;
128

Prepare local agents in environmental education practices;

To set guidelines for articulation with other environmental programs; and

Establish mechanisms for program monitoring.
Environmental Projects for Construction – PAC
Objectives:

Ensure that the works are deployed and operate safely, avoiding
environmental damage, and setting actions to prevent and reduce
impacts, promoting mitigation and control.
Activities:

Employees mobilization;

Implementation of facilities to support the construction work;

Worksites operation; and

Demobilization of manpower and facilities.
Archaeological Rescue Program
Objectives:

Identification and rescue of archaeological sites during construction
phase.
Activities:

Identify and classify archaeological sites according to their potential and
scientific information, rarity of occurrence and conservation status; and

Rescue possible archaeological sites identified.
Frequency

During the earthmoving and project construction.
129
Monitoring and control of transport operations
Objectives:

Identify solutions and mitigate the impact of the flow vehicle increase on
Highway 158 and region.
Activities:
3.3.2

Set of preventive actions and create a coordinated system attendance to
accidents involving hazardous materials; and

Implement preventive measures, inspection procedures, as well as
corrective emergency measures. The damaging effects should be
recovered and monitored.
Forest Operations – Mitigation Measures
Considering the forest operations, the mitigation measures are related to the
monitoring indicators, presented on Table (Environmental Impacts
Assessment of forest operations).
Mitigation measures can include:
 Conservation of flora and fauna;
 Water quality monitoring; and
 Erosive processes monitoring.
Besides that, ELDORADO has been preparing to obtain a FSC (Forest
Stewardship Council) certification. The company intends to certify the forest
management (owned and lease lands and partnership agreement) and the
wood custody chain.
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4
MULTIMODAL TERMINAL AT APARECIDA DO TABOADO
4.1
ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSIS
4.1.1
Physical Environment
Geology - Regional Aspects
The study area is located on the geotectonic unit Paraná Sedimentary Basin,
which is an intracratonic basin located on the South American Platform, and it
is represented by São Bento and Bauru Groups - lithostratigraphic units of
Mesozoic age.
In the study area, the São Bento Group is made up solely by the Serra Geral
Formation. The Bauru Group is present in the region by sandstone of
Adamantina, Caiuá and Santo Anastácio Formations.
Regional geomorphology
General characteristics of the topography
The study area is located in the Western Highlands, which is characterized by
landforms with low slopes and low altitudes, preferably represented as
smooth hills. There is also aggradation landforms represented by alluvial
plains and fluvial terraces, located downstream of the Jupiá reservoir.
The city of Aparecida do Taboado is located in the Northern Highlands of
Paraná Basin, consisting of dissected landforms with convex and tabular
surfaces.
Regional Pedology
The study area has two major types of soil: red Oxisols and red-yellow
Ultisols.
Local Geological-geomorphological and pedological aspects
The project area is located in hill lands with gentle slopes (less than 5%) The
terrains area made by sandy material susceptible to erosion, and is covered by
grass ridges.
The ADA has similar lithostratigraphic characteristics, with the presence of
sandstones of the Santo Anastacio Formation over the Serra Geral basalts,
which occur in the valley of the Sucuriú River.
131
The highest part of the unit is the Serra do Aporé, which is characterized by
flat top, with sediments consisting of sands, silts and clays. These soils overlie
a layer of ferruginous crusts of variable thickness.
The domain of the railroad track displays oxisols with texture varying from
fine sand to very fine silty-clay.
Along the railway line, it can be observed altered massive sandstones with
incipient plane-parallel stratification.
Local Geological and Geotechnical Aspects
Percussion drillings carried out in the construction site indicate the following
geological and geotechnical horizons, from top to bottom:

Vegetal layer or topsoil, with 0.07 m thick;

Fine sandy clay layer, with 1.80 m thick;

Sandy clay layer of soft consistency, with 7.0 m thick;

Sandy clay layer of medium stiff consistency, with fine gravel and a
variable thickness from 2.0 to 4.0 m; and

Sandy clay layer of soft to medium consistency, with variable thickness
from 4.0 to 10.0 m.
It was also verified the occurrence of sandy silt clay, with hard consistency,
from the depth of 21.0 m up to the limit of drilling holes.
The groundwater level varied in depth from 3.53 to 10.0 m.
Local Climate
The climate in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul is the semi-tropical, hot and
humid. The state is characterized by summer rains and dry periods in winter.
To characterize the climate of the study area, it can be considered data from
the city of Três Lagoas. All information relating to climatic variables, incluing
rainfall, relative humidity, temperature and wind, are already presented in
section 3.1 of this report, regarding the Environmental Study of Pulp Mill.
132
Water Resources - Surface Water and Groundwater
Units of Planning and Management (UPG) – Regional Water Resources
The Multimodal Terminal is located within the UPG Quitéria (I.7). Therefore
this UPG correspond to the study of Regional Hydrology and Hydrography.
Hydrogeology
The hydrogeological units and aquifer systems in the state of Mato Grosso do
Sul are identified by two major groups of rocks: sedimentary rocks, related to
the porous aquifers; and the igneous-metamorphic rocks, that are related to
fractured aquifers or cracks. The porous aquifers occur in sedimentary unites
of Paraná and Pantanal Basins, and the fractured aquifers are associated with
crystalline basement and volcanic rocks of the Paraná Basin.
The eastern area of Mato Grosso do Sul, which is included in the UPG
Quitéria (I.7), presents the Bauru-Caiuá Aquifer System, consisting of fine to
medium sandstone with interbedded mudstones and siltstone, predominantly
of fluvial origin.
The region belongs to the Hydrogeological Province of Parana, which involves
the sedimentary basin of the same name, and it is of great importance in
relation to the availability and use of water resources. This aquifer system is
characterized as a porous, open to semi-confined, with regional extension,
with average thickness of 200 m, and with outcrop area of about 353,420 km2.
Surface Water Availability
The average flow of UPG Quitéria (I.7) is in the range 60 to 92 m³ / s.
The 95% guaranteed flow (Q95) of UPG Quitéria (I.7) is in the range 0-3 m³ / s.
Q7,10 flow (7-day duration and 10-year return time) of UPG Quitéria (I.7) is in
the range 36.2 to 115.2 m³ / s.
Ground Water Availability
The UPG Quitéria (I.7) has exploitable reserves of 119 million m³ / year,
mainly available in Bauru Aquifer System.
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Major Rivers and Local Water Resources
The main rivers in the present UPG Quitéria (I.7) are as follows: Grande river,
Paranaíba river, Parana River, Pântano river and Quitéria river.
The Multimodal Terminal is located near a local creek called Campo creek,
which has a length estimated at 16.5 kilometers, is classified as a Class 2
waterbody, and has an average depth of 1.60 m, with a flow of 0.74 m³ / s.
Water Quality
The water quality of the Campo creek was evaluated by physical-chemical
and microbiological analyzes carried out on samples collected in December
2011 at a monitoring point located approximately 360 meters of the railway.
The abstraction point is located downstream of the city of Aparecida do
Taboado, and it was selected in order to verify possible anthropogenic
influence on water quality due to the release of sewage from the district.
Table below shows the results of physico-chemical and microbiological
analyzes.
Table 4.1
Water quality results (Campo creek, december 2011)
Results
Brazilian
Standards –
CONAMA 357/05
– Class 2
mg/L
7
-
Aluminium
mg/L
<0.20
-
Lead
mg/L
<0.01
0.01
Condutivity
S/cm
25.5
-
Apparent color
mg Pt/L
80
-
Real color
mg Pt/L
50
75
BOD
mg/L
6
5
COD
mg/L
12
-
Total hardness
mg/L
11
-
Dissolved iron
mg/L
0.42
0.3
Total fosfate
mg/L
0.09
0.1
Orto fosfate
mg/L
0.01
-
Mercury
mg/L
<0.00018
0.0002
Parameter
Unit
Total alkalinity
134
Results
Brazilian
Standards –
CONAMA 357/05
– Class 2
mg/L
< 0.002
-
Ammonia N.
mg/L
0.08
3.7
Nitrate
mg/L
0.54
10.0
Nitrite
mg/L
0.01
1.0
Total nitrogen
mg/L
0.64
-
Oil and grease
mg/L
< 2.0
absent
Dissolved oxygen
mg/L
6.4
≥ 5.0
pH (Lab)
UpH
5.96
6.0 to 9.0
pH (Field)
UpH
6.06
6.0 to 9.0
Total dissolved solids
mg/L
22
500
Total suspended solids
mg/L
15
-
Sulfate
mg/L
< 2.0
250
Turbidity
F.T.U
5.0
100
Zinc
mg/L
< 0.003
0.18
Bacteria count
UFC/100 mL
15000
-
Fecal coliforms
N.M.P/100 mL
6
1000
Parameter
Unit
Dissolved manganese
Among the analyzed parameters, the BOD, the pH (lab) and dissolved iron are
in disagreement with the standards established by CONAMA Resolution
357/2005 for Class II River.
As for dissolved iron, it was due to local natural soil characteristics. The high
organic load was due to anthropogenic activities in the region, as the
collection point was downstream from Aparecida do Taboado (this city has no
sewage treatment system).
Noise
For the noise level analysis, a noise monitoring campaign was conducted in
December, 2011, so as to establish the condition of the area where the
multimodal terminal is inserted.
The noise monitoring was conducted during the day and night, at six points
surrounding the Project area.
The areas where the measurements were made are rural (monitoring points
R1 and R3) and residential urban areas (monitoring points R2, R4, R5 and R6).
The results indicate moderately higher values to the limits established by
135
Federal CONAMA Resolution 01/1990, in both periods (day and night). This
was attributed to the vehicles traffic close to the highway, animals and human
activities.
The established limit for rural areas during the day (from 7:00 am to 10:00 pm)
is 40 dB(A) – rural areas, and 50 dB(A) – residential urban area. The limit for
night period is 35 dB (A) – rural area, and 45 dB(A) - residential urban area.
4.1.2
Biological Environment
Flora
The monitored areas have characteristic species of the Cerrado biome.
In the directly influenced area (AID), the original forest formations, belonging
to the Cerrado, were reduced to small fragments, resulting in the isolation and
habitat fragmentation due to intense agriculture.
Considering the directly affected area (ADA), which has 62 ha, predominant
flora is low vegetation (exotic grasses) and isolated native trees. These are
typical physiognomy of the cerrado.
It can be observed traces of livestock presence in the area, indicating intensive
management of grassland.
There were no endangered species identified in the ADA.
Fauna
The fauna diagnostic's considers the terrestrial vertebrates: mastofauna,
avifauna and herpetofauna.
The fauna characterization was performed using primary data (local
information) and secondary data (regional information).
The following items presents fauna characterization through primary data,
which is specific for the project area.
Mastofauna
Among all mammal species potentially occurring in the region, only 4 were
identified. These species belong to 3 families and 3 orders.
The low number of species is related to the human disturbance in the study
area, which is fully inserted in a pasture land with isolated trees, surrounded
by farms in the vicinity.
136
Identified species were classified as generalists, with high ecological plasticity,
being able to adapt to different habitats and with great adaptability to
disturbed habitats.
Among the recorded species, bio indicators of environmental quality were not
detected, since all are able to adapt in disturbed environments and have food
plasticity.
There were no endemic species and / or endangered.
Avifauna
Twenty eight bird species were recorded in the study area, distributed in 13
orders and 16 families, with 28.5% of passerine taxa and 71.5% of not
passerines.
Considering the proportion of species in relation to human activities, it was
observed 79% of species with low sensitivity, and 21% with an average
sensitivity. There were no species highly sensitive to anthropogenic
environments.
The absence of highly sensitive species, as well as a smaller proportion of
medium sensitivity species, is related to local human interventions, over time.
The species recorded in the area are well adapted in disturbed environments.
The species with an average sensitivity to human interventions are considered
to be the first to feel the changes in habitat. Thus the decrease or
disappearance of these species may indicate changes in environmental quality.
There were no endemic species and / or endangered.
Herpetofauna
During the field campaign, the only species that had their registration
confirmed was the tegu (Tupinambis merianae), which was identified through
traces left in the soil.
Most amphibians are extremely sensitive to environmental changes, including
modifications naturally occurring or manmade.
It is observed that the project area is located near the industrial district of
Aparecida do Taboado, bypassed by a railroad (Ferronorte), and close to a
state roadway (MS 316), a federal highway (BR 158) and a grassland in the
west. This may explain the absence of records within these limits, where the
project will be implemented.
137
Among the species mentioned as of possible occurrence in the area, the lizards
and snakes can promote feeding on insects, rodents and birds that nest on the
ground or in burrows.
The herpetofauna can be considered an excellent bioindicator of
environmental quality, because they are very sensitive to the effects of
environmental variation, due to its biological characteristics.
Conservation Units
In the area of indirect influence (AII) of the project, there are two municipal
parks, both located in municipality of Três Lagoas: Municipal Natural Park
Recanto das Capivaras and Municipal Natural Park Jupiá.
Municipal Natural Park Recanto das Capivaras
Located on the right bank of the Paraná River channel, it has a total area of
70.68 hectares, and covers some remaining areas of Cerrado, floodplain and
riparian forests.
Municipal Natural Park Jupiá
It covers the remaining areas of Cerrado, and has an extensive degraded area.
Regeneration of native vegetation is slow, hampered by the invasion of
adjacent pasture grasses and anthropogenic interference.
According to IMASUL, there were no protected areas, indigenous lands, and
Buffer Zones in the directly affected area (ADA) of the Multimodal Terminal.
Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation
The directly affected area (ADA) is not included in any class of Priority Areas
for Biodiversity Conservation.
Only part of the indirect influence area (AII) is located in a portion on the
border of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo state, where 5 Priority Areas for
Biodiversity Conservation are defined.
4.1.3
Socioeconomic Environment
Aparecida do Taboado is located in the middle region of the eastern state of
Mato Grosso do Sul, with an altitude of 392 meters and an area of 2,750 km ².
Its neighboring cities are Inocência, Parnaiba, Selvíria and the state of São
Paulo.
138
Demography
The total population of the city of Aparecida do Taboado grew 47.11%
between 1991 and 2010 (higher than the state rate). In 2010, the total
population consisted of 22,320 inhabitants.
Between 1991 and 2010, there was growth in urbanization level of 90.04% in
Aparecida do Taboada, which was also higher than the urbanization degree of
the state (85.64%).
Considering population density, it was observed an increase between 1991
and 2010. This year, the city recorded a density of 8.12 inhabitants / km ².
Human Development Index
The HDI of Aparecida do Taboado grew between 1991 and 2000, as well as the
specific HDI Income, Longevity and Education.
The HDI of Aparecida do Taboado was 0.763, considered mid-level by UN.
Among the specific HDI, HDI-Education provides the highest, followed by the
HDI- Longevity and HDI-Income.
Productive Sectors
Considering the productive sectors of Aparecida do Taboado, the Services
sector represents the largest share of local GDP (45.07%), followed by industry
(27.26%) and Agriculture (27.67%).
Transport
With regard to transport infrastructure, the enterprise has a privileged
location, offering good conditions of road, rail and waterway, which can
complement each other in various ways, yielding several alternative routes for
the production flow and receiving inputs.
More specifically for the city of Aparecida do Taboado, attention should be
given to road and rail networks.
Highway Network
The road network consists of federal, state and municipal highways. Among
these, attention is given to the BR-158, which should be directly impacted by
the construction of multimodal terminal.
In order to evaluate the impact on local traffic, it was designed a study of
traffic conditions in the BR-158. Road capacity and traffic conditions were
139
evaluated in the stretch between the plant's pulp Eldorado Brazil (Três
Lagoas / MS) and Multimodal Terminal area (Aparecida do Taboado / MS).
For this analysis, it was selected four strategical points of traffic on Federal
Highway.
The characterization of the highway was done in order to identify the main
determinants of traffic capacity and the risk of accidents. The BR-158 is a
highway withone traffic lane in each direction, and asphalt paved.
The main conclusions of the Traffic Study are presented below:
 The results indicate that traffic volumes generated by the multimodal
terminal project, should not change the demand pattern in BR 158;
 In the current scenario without the project, this portion of BR 158 highway
has good traffic conditions, low traffic volumes and consequently high
levels of traffic service;
 The forecast of the entrepreneur is to transport of up to 1,500,000 tons of
pulp from the factory (Três Lagoas) to the Multimodal Terminal. The traffic
studies conducted with conservative assumptions indicate that the traffic
generated to the implementation of the project and start-up, even with
shipping the entire production of 1,500,000 tons / year, corresponds to the
equivalent allocation of 120 vehicles / hour per direction of traffic. This
volume of traffic, even though significant in percentage terms, shall not
change the default Service Level Traffic maintaining good traffic
conditions; and
 Projecting the current demand, which in theory is independent of the
multimodal terminal demand, it was considered the relevant rates of
growth in transport demand, in the order of 3% per year (more
conservative analysis). It indicated that the traffic pattern will not reach a
level that requires intervention in road infrastructure.
Railway Network
A railway network begins in Alto Araguaia / MS and undergoes through
Chapadão do Sul, Morangos, Inocência and then to Aparecida do Taboado.
From this point, the railroad runs through other cities to reach the port of
Santos, in the state of São Paulo.
Education
Aparecida do Taboado has most of its educational institutions on public
sector. It includes kindergarten, elementary and high school. The technical
140
education, vocational and higher education is present in the city of Três
Lagoas / MS.
Illiteracy rates had a decrease from 15 to 10%, between 2000 and 2010.
4.2
4.2.1
Influence Areas
The environmental study defined the impacted areas based on data and
information from the conceptual project and the related potential social and
environmental impacts, as follows:
 Indirect influence area – AII (Área de influência indireta): probable
occurrence of indirect environmental impacts;
 Direct influence area – AID (Área de influência direta): probable occurrence
of direct environmental impacts; and
 Directly affected area – ADA (Área diretamente afetada): direct
interference of the activities involved, including the industry, the gas pipe,
power line and other support activities.
4.2.2
Environmental Impacts
The impact assessment for project construction and operation phases was
developed according to specific criteria ranking and relevance, as shown
below:
 Nature: positive (P), when the impact resulting in an improvement of
environmental quality, or negative (N), when the impact this compromises
quality;
 Form of incidence: indicates whether the impact reaches directly (D) or
Indirect (I);
 Area of coverage: can be local (L), when it occurs in the project site itself, or
is restricted to the directly affected area (ADA), regional (R) when it
propagates out of the ADA, but is restricted to the direct influence area
(AID) or strategic (E), when it interconnects with local development
strategies and / or regional level, and is restricted to the indirect influence
area (IIA);
 Possibility: if the impact is a certain event (C) or possible (P);
141
 Period of occurrence: immediate / short-term (CP), medium (MP) and long
(LP);
 Temporality: Temporary (T), when occurring in a given period, permanent
(P), when it ceases to manifest itself, or cyclic (C) and transient (Tr), when it
occurs intermittently;
 Reversibility: reversible (R), when the environmental impacted tends to
return to its original condition, and irreversible (I), when the aspect does
not return to its original condition;
 Magnitude: usually carried out in qualitative terms, is classified as small
(P), medium (M) or large (G);
 Relevance: is set to low (B), medium (M) or high (A), considering its
magnitude, and mitigabilidade importance of environmental factors
affected;
 Mitigation: mitigable impact (M), partially mitigable (PM) and not
mitigable (NM); and
 Resolution of the proposed measures to reduce or enhance a particular
impact: low (L), medium (M) or high (H).
 Construction Phase
Increase in susceptibility to erosion
Erosion can be caused by changing the original topography, due to
construction activities.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Immediate
Temporality
Temporary
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
Baixa
Mitigation
Mitigable
Resolution of the proposed measures
High
Influence area
ADA
142
Mitigation Measures
 Store soil organic layer in a suitable way;
 Minimize time of exposure of areas without vegetation; and
 If possible, carry out earthworks in the dry season.
Changes in land will be irreversible, but the impacts during construction will
be minimized with the measures implemented.
Air Quality changing
Change in air quality can occur due to generation of dust and gases from
vehicles and machines.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local and Regional
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Temporary
Reversibility
Reversible
Magnitude
Small
Relevance
Low
Mitigation
Mitigable
Medium
Influence area
ADA and AID
Mitigation Measures
 Humidification of the traffic routes and unpaved areas; and
 Perform maintenance and regulation of vehicles and equipment engines.
Changing in soil, groundwater and surface water quality
Changing in the quality of soil, groundwater and surface water can occur due
to inadequate disposal of waste and effluents.
143
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local
Possibility
Possible
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Temporary
Reversibility
Reversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
High
Mitigation
Mitigable
High
Influence area
ADA
Mitigation Measures
 Implement the Solid Waste Management Program, in conjunction with the
factory;
 Perform preventive maintenance of machinery and equipment;
 Create operational and safety procedures;
 Create specific procedure for collecting contaminated soil; and
 Develop and operate a sewage treatment system.
Change in characteristic flora and fauna
Loss of native vegetation and terrestrial habitat will occur due to
earthmoving work, construction and area paving.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Immediate
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Small
Relevance
Low
Mitigation
Partially mitigable
Medium
Influence area
ADA
144
Mitigation Measures
 Where possible, maintain the existing vegetation; and
 Deploy Legal Reserve area as proposed.
The removal of vegetation and terrestrial habitat is inevitable for the
Multimodal Terminal implementation, but the area is already disturbed. The
Environmental Construction Plan will treat the impact generated.
Generation of direct and indirect temporary jobs
Generation of employment and income will occur due to recruitment of
temporary labor.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Positive
Formo of incidence
Direct and indirect
Area of coverage
Local, regional and strategic
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Temporary
Reversibility
Reversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
Medium
Potenciating possibilities
High
High
Influence area
AID and AII
Measures
 Implement the Social Communication Plan for the announcement of
available jobs; and
 Give preference for hiring regional labor and companies.
The project will be attractive to the population, considering the lack of
employment opportunities available in the region, but the development
should be properly disseminated to the regional population.
Interference in urban infrastructure
It is possible that pressure on urban infrastructure occur, especially in regard
to public services, due to increase in regional population.
145
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative/Positive
Formo of incidence
Indirect
Area of coverage
Possibility
Possible
Period of occurence
Short term / medium
Temporality
Temporary
Reversibility
Reversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
Medium
Mitigation
Mitigable
Medium
Influence area
AID and AII
Mitigation Measures
 Implement mechanisms for announcement of job offers and their expertise
required.
The interference in urban infrastructure will be mainly in the project
construction phase, so as the works are completed the impact on
infrastructure should normalize.
 Operational Phase
Changing in soil, groundwater and surface water quality
Changing in the quality of soil, groundwater and surface water can occur due
to inadequate disposal of waste and effluents.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local
Possibility
Possible
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Reversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
Medium
Mitigation
Mitigable
High
Influence area
ADA
146
Mitigation Measures
 Training employees for proper disposal of generated waste;
 Follow the guidelines of the Solid Waste Management Program, in
conjunction with the factory;
 Create specific procedure for collecting contaminated soil; and
 Develop and operate a sewage treatment system.
Nuisance to neighbors regarding the noise level
It will occur a changing in noise and vibration level during due to the
locomotive and vehicles traffic.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Small
Relevance
Low
Mitigation
Mitigable
Medium
Influence area
ADA and AID
Mitigation Measures
 Comply with current legislation on noise;
 Implement Noise Monitoring Program;
 Install noise attenuation devices, when possible; and
 Require service providers to carry out preventive maintenance on vehicles.
Generation of direct and indirect Jobs
It will occur generation of employment and income, due to recruitment of
manpower for operation and maintenance of trains and rail spur.
147
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Positive
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local and regional
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
Medium
Mitigation
High
High
Influence area
AID and AII
Measures
 Promote awareness campaign to hire labor for the operation phase; and
 Give preference for hiring regional labor.
The project will be attractive to the population, considering the lack of
employment opportunities available in the region.
Change in road traffic – Três Lagoas to Multimodal Terminal
The increase in traffic volumes will occur in Federal Highway BR 158,
however without changing the pattern of traffic flow.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Negative
Formo of incidence
Direct
Area of coverage
Local and regional
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Long
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Small
Relevance
Low
Mitigation
Mitigable
High
Influence area
AID and AII
148
Mitigation Measures
 Implement a training program for drivers and operators, to prevent
accident risks, and implement a code of conduct for drivers and transport
operators.
The project does not imply a change in traffic pattern on road BR 158. The
proposed measures of training, prevention of risks of accidents, and the code
of conduct should adequately mitigate the increased risk associated with the
increased traffic generated by new development.
Change in road traffic - Multimodal Terminal to the Port of Santos
It will occur a reduction of road traffic in the region, due to Multimodal
Terminal.
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Positive
Formo of incidence
Direct and indirect
Area of coverage
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Medium
Relevance
High
Mitigation
High
High
Influence area
AID and AII
Measures
 Perform periodic maintenance on the railway and its composition; and
 Install signposts along the railway, especially at intersections of local roads
access.
The implementation of signposts along the railway and its crossings, and
performing periodic maintenance will optimize the Pulp flow conditions.
Logistics and transportation costs
Increase in logistics efficiency.
149
Impact Evaluation
Nature
Positive
Formo of incidence
Direct and indirect
Area of coverage
Possibility
Certain
Period of occurence
Short term
Temporality
Permanent
Reversibility
Irreversible
Magnitude
Large
Relevance
High
Mitigation
High
High
Influence area
AID and AII
Measures
 Operating the Multimodal Terminal.
4.3
MITIGATION MEASURES
Based on the assessment of environmental impacts, the following mitigation
measures are recommended.
Construction Phase
Environmental Construction Plan
Objectives
Description of activities and environmental control systems related to the
Terminal construction phase.
Main Themes:
 System for Potable Water Supply;
 Sewage Treatment System;
 Lodging;
 Support facilities;
 Operation of worksites;
 Maintenance activities;
 Controlled areas for fuels and lubricating oils storage;
150
 Soil preparation and cleaning;
 Erosion Control;
 Sedimentation Control;
 Demobilization of Labor and Structures;
 Generation of dust and fumes;
 Solid Waste Management Program; and
 Noise control.
Operational Phase
Solid Waste Management Plan
Objectives
The management of solid waste will be taken to ensure control and
monitoring, focusing on:
 Collection, handling and adequately disposal, in order to guarantee the
legal requirements; and
 Avoiding soil contamination and therefore groundwater, using the best
practices available.
Emergency and Safety Program
Objectives
Establish an effective system for managing health and safety for service
providers, in compliance with legal requirements. Protection of personal
physical integrity and company sites.
Prevention Program for of Workplace Risks
Objectives
Establish policies and procedures as a preventive safety measure, through
professionals training and hiring responsible companies. Seek to avoid
accidents that may occur. If these occur, act quickly and effectively in order to
minimize its effects.
151
Environmental Education Program
Objectives
Guide and contribute to the development of good practices and for improving
living standards of the population, through the introduction and / or
reinforcement of knowledge and practices that enable compliance with the
following specific objectives:
 Changing habits and attitudes of the population in relation to the
environment;
 Training public school teachers and coaches as multipliers of
environmental education;
 Encourage the formation of environmentally friendly habits and attitudes
among the school population;
 Contribute to the prevention and minimization of environmental and social
impacts resulting from development; and
 Integrate and harmonize the various project actions involving
environmental education.
Social Communication Program
Objectives
Establishment of communication channels between the entrepreneur and the
communities near the project.
Traffic Management Program
Objectives
The training project aims to prevent accident risks, and implement a code of
conduct for drivers and transport operators.
Operating Procedures Plan
Objectives
The Operating Procedures Plan aims to monitor the operation of the Terminal
in order to minimize the probability of accidents due to vehicles traffic and
also propose improvements in comfort and safety of employees and others.
152
Noise Monitoring Program
Objectives
This program aims to monitor the noise generated by the Terminal during the
operation, so as to minimize the change in noise level on the region, in
compliance to law.
153
5
BIBLIOGRAFY
CASA DA FLORESTA ASSESSORIA AMBIENTAL, Selection of high
conservation values areas, planning and environmental monitoring.
Piracicaba, 2012.
CASA DA FLORESTA ASSESSORIA AMBIENTAL, Inventory of High
Conservation Values Areas with sociocultural importance in the region of the
Eldorado Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul. Piracicaba, 2012.
DMB Construtora e Assessoria Técnica Ltda. - EIA/RIMA - Environmental
and Social Impact Assessment and - Environmental Impact Statement.
Investimentos Florestais S/A. Eldorado. Três Lagoas, MS, 2009.
ELDORADO, PBA - Basic Environmental Plan – Part 1 - Investimentos
Florestais S/A. Eldorado. 2011.
ELDORADO, PBA Basic Environmental Plan – Part 2 - Investimentos
Florestais S/A. Eldorado. 2011.
ELDORADO, Social Territory Diagnosis, MP Acessoria e Consultoria em
Projetos Sociais.
FIBRAcon-CONSULTORIA, PERÍCIAS E PROJETOS AMBIENTAIS LTDA. Archaeological Survey in Eucalyptus Planting Area of Eldorado Brazil municipalities of Três Lagoas, Selvíria, Aparecida do Taboado, Inocência,
Água Clara, Ribas do Rio Pardo and Santa Rita do Pardo / MS, 2011.
PÖYRY TECNOLOGIA LTDA - RAS – Simplified Environmental Report Implementation of the Multimodal Terminal in Aparecida Taboado, Vol.1,
2012.
PÖYRY TECNOLOGIA LTDA - RAS – Simplified Environmental Report Implementation of the Multimodal Terminal in Aparecida Taboado, Vol.2,
2012.
PÖYRY TECNOLOGIA LTDA - Spreadsheet evaluation of aspects and
environmental impacts, 2012.
154

The Environmental Impact Assessment Executive Summary of

Transcription

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