Sun Funnel - Astronomical Society of the Pacific

!"#$%&'&(")&*"))+$&,-.&/.-"0&1#+2#)3&
-,&(")40-54&6&57+&8.')4#5&-,&1+)"4&
!"#$%&'()&*+#$(,"*-.*&/(
!"#$%&'()!*+$,(,"%&'-).,&%#+/)
0$1#2(31*4*&(
0%12+3%*#4,$1)5)6$'(*%+,78#(9*4,$1)
561"+(78(9%:6(
0!.!):,;;'$;)5)<,(#/3#--)6#&24).,-9=,(*)
;&*+*-4*'(%4(4$*(7<;=7>?=<)<#@(06-A*&*-#*(B06--*#C-/(;*6DE*(46(<#"*-#*B(!(71/1+4(FGHH((
)$"+(+"IDE*(J("-*KD*-+"L*('*L"#*(I%2*+("4(*%+:(A6&(
I%-:(D*6DE*(46(6.+*&L*(4$*(<1-(+"I1E4%-*61+E:8(
9.#3#)&-,&57+&(")&*"))+$:&>*-*(M%N%#(%-'(0$1#2(31*4*&(%'%D4*'(O$PDQ==."48E:=&4HRN#S(%-(
*K"+C-/('*+"/-(A6&(%(FGGT(>&*%4(5%2*+(;E%-*4%&"1I(7++6#"%C6-(06-A*&*-#*(U6&2+$6D8()$*(
&*%&V+#&**-(D&6N*#C6-(I%4*&"%EW(%(2*:("-/&*'"*-4W("+(%-("'*%(.6&&6U*'(A&6I(3&1#*(X*/*&.*&/Y+(
<1-(>1-(O$PDQ==."48E:=Z[\D]?S8(
A&
B&
?&
<&
>&
!*'(-1I.*&+(
#6&&*+D6-'(46("4*I+(
E"+4*'(6-(4$*(-*K4(
4U6(D%/*+8(
C&
=&
@&
;&
("00$#+4&6&8--$4&
("00$#+4(
;D&3E"4^(<1D*&(,1--*E(_G`GTaW(Hb8b`V"-#$(K(`V"-#$(K(`V"-#$(O&61-'(
46DSW(cF(46(c`(%4(:61&(E6#%E($%&'U%&*(6&(%146VD%&4+(+46&*8(d-E"-*Q(
$PDQ==."48E:=6^/;Gb(
=D&5%&/*($6+*(#E%IDW(F8`V"-#$(K(`8`V"-#$W(*8/8W(3&**^*(_RFGeGf(cH(46(
cF(%4(:61&(E6#%E($%&'U%&*(+46&*8(d-E"-*Q($PDQ==."48E:=Z3.L!g(
<D&<I%EE($6+*(#E%IDW(HT=HRV"-#$(K(H8`V"-#$W(*8/8W(3&**^*(_RFGHRf(
cG8`G(46(cH(%4(:61&(E6#%E($%&'U%&*(+46&*8(d-E"-*Q($PDQ==."48E:=6)hN!!(
?D&h%V5"4*(X"/$V06-4&%+4(h%V)*K(&*%&V+1&A%#*(D&6N*#C6-(+#&**-(
_[`bbaW(eV"-#$(K(eV"-#$f(icHG(A6&(H(+Z1%&*(A664(O1+1%EE:(4$*(I"-"I1I(
6&'*&(+"^*S8(d-E"-*Q($PDQ==."48E:=-jGA)?(
!"#$#%&'("#(#&)*(+,-&("(
("00$#+4E&F-)G)"+%&
>D&@-*KD*-+"L*(O*8/8W(X1:/*-+W(g*EE-*&W(;Ek++ES(4*E*+#6D*(*:*D"*#*W(H8F`V"-#$(
.%&&*EW(A6#%E(E*-/4$(i`(46(iF`(II(OCD+(6-(#$66+"-/(4$*(6DCI1I(A6#%E(E*-/4$(
%&*(6-(%(E%4*&(D%/*S8(?+*(6-*(4$%4(:61(%E&*%':($%L*(E:"-/(%&61-'8(@A(:61('6-Y4(
$%L*(6-*W(4$*:Y&*(%L%"E%.E*(A&6I(-1I*&61+(I%-1A%#41&*&+(%-'('*%E*&+W(
"-#E1'"-/(0*E*+4&6-W(<2:(@-+4&1I*-4+W(9*%'*W(d&"6-W(%-'(j'I1-'(<#"*-Cl#8(
)$*(#$*%D*+4(6DC6-("+(<1&DE1+(<$*'(O$PDQ==UUU8+1&DE1++$*'8#6IS8(
8--$4(
BD&,E%4V$*%'(+#&*U'&"L*&(
AD&<I%EE($%#2+%U(
CD&9*'"1IV(46(l-*V/&"4(+%-'D%D*&(
@D&HFV"-#$(&1E*&(
H'5F7&57+&IJ+0#+F+&5-&K-".&8+$+4F-0+&
\$%4(4:D*(6A(4*E*+#6D*m(!*A&%#46&n(
j:*D"*#*(
d.N*#CL*(OI%"-(E*-+S(
>2,+,?)@AB-,$#).&%#(=C&)
?+"-/(%(o*U46-"%-(&*p*#46&(6&(%(#%4%'"6D4&"#(OI"&&6&VE*-+S(
4*E*+#6D*("+(+4&6-/E:('"+#61&%/*'W(%+(#6-#*-4&%4*'(+1-E"/$4(
#%-('*+4&6:(+1#$("-+4&1I*-4+Y(+*#6-'%&:VI"&&6&($6E'*&+8((
>2,+,?)D29&E)F9#+#$)
L0+.5".+&M'4N&
)$%4(+%"'W(:61(#%-(1+*(%(&*p*#46&("A(:61(B+46D('6U-B(4$*(
%D*&41&*(.:(DE%#"-/(%(D"*#*(6A(#%&'.6%&'(6L*&(4$*(A&6-4(*-'(U"4$(
%(+I%EE(OHV(46(FV"-#$S($6E*(#14(6q(46(6-*(+"'*(46(E*4("-(6-E:(%(E"PE*(
."4(6A(+1-E"/$48(<**(E%4*&("-(4$"+('6#1I*-4(A6&(I6&*(+%A*4:(CD+8((
7(&*A&%#46&Y+(A6#%E(E*-/4$("+(1+1%EE:("-'"#%4*'(
6-(4$*(.%&&*E(6A(4$*(6.N*#CL*(OA&6-4S(E*-+8(
*-F'$&$+)357&O,P&
d&W(:61(#%-(#%E#1E%4*(4$*(A6#%E(E*-/4$(6A(:61&(4*E*+#6D*(
A&6I("4+('"%I*4*&(OhS(%-'(A6#%E(&%C6(OA=&%C6(6&(A=-1I.*&SQ(
*Q5+$+4F-0+&R&S5+$+4F-0+&T&,U.'G-&
jK%IDE*Q(,6&(4$*(RRVII(A=`8[(&*A&%#46&(+$6U-(6-(4$*(D&*L"61+(D%/*W(
(,54*E*+#6D*(r(RR(II(s(`8[(r(Te[(II(O#E6+*(*-61/$f(&61-'V6q(*&&6&nS(
!+45&+J+0#+F+&,-.&'&,"$$V%#4N&OW;XX&MM&%#'M+5+.P&4-$'.&#M'3+:&
*Q+J+0#+F+&OMMP&Y&*Q5+$+4F-0+&OMMP&Z&?<&
G62#);#$%H'=,(),7)+2%*)7,$"9-')'BB#'$*)-'+#$)%()+2%*);,&9"#(+4I)
jK%IDE*Q(,6&(4$*(>%E"E*6+#6D*W(%(`GVII(A=HG(&*A&%#46&(O,54*E*+#6D*(r(`GG(IISW(4$*(*:*D"*#*(
4$%4(U"EE(D&6'1#*(%(A1EEV'"+2(+6E%&("I%/*($%+(%(A6#%E(E*-/4$(6A(,5*:*D"*#*(r(`GG(t(aT(r(HH8R(II8(
)$*&*(%&*(I%-:("-*KD*-+"L*(HF8`VII(*:*D"*#*+(%L%"E%.E*f(%-:(U61E'(I%2*(%(/66'(#$6"#*8(
7-(*:*D"*#*(U"4$(%(*2,$+#$(A6#%E(E*-/4$(U"EE(D&6'1#*(%(-'$1#$(<1-("I%/*f(
%-(*:*D"*#*(U"4$(%(E6-/*&(A6#%E(E*-/4$(U"EE(D&6'1#*(%(+I%EE*&(<1-("I%/*8(
('M0$+&['#.4&-,&8+$+4F-0+&6&IJ+0#+F+&*-F'$&Q+)3574&
,-.&'&*"$$VS#4N&\M'3+&-,&57+&(")&-)&57+&(")&*"))+$&
8+$+4F-0+ &
O*Q5+$+4F-0+P &
&
&
&IJ+0#+F+&
&O*Q+J+0#+F+P&
((TGG(II
((aGG(II
((`GG(II
((RGG(II
((bGG(II
((eGG(II
(([GG(II
HGGG(II
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(((b(II(
((([(II(
(HF(II(
(Ha(II(
(HR(II(
(H[(II(
(FH(II(
(FT(II(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
h6-Y4(U6&&:(%.614(/*u-/(4$*(*:*D"*#*(A6#%E(E*-/4$(B*K%#4E:(&"/$48B(h*D*-'"-/(
6-(U$%4(:61($%L*(%L%"E%.E*(6&(U$%4(:61(#%-(.1:(#$*%DE:W(%"I(46(/*4(%-(*:*D"*#*(
U$6+*(A6#%E(E*-/4$("+(U"4$"-(v(HGw(6A(4$*(B"'*%EB(L%E1*(6A(,54*E*+#6D*(t(aT8((
(5+0&;D()$*(A1--*E($%+(%(
+$%&D(E"PE*(D"*#*(6A(
DE%+C#(D&64&1'"-/(A&6I(
4$*(+"'*(%.614($%EAU%:(
'6U-("4+(E*-/4$8(
?+"-/(4$*(
+%-'D%D*&W(/&"-'(
"4(+I664$(+6("4(
'6*+-Y4(+#&%4#$(
:61&($%-'+8(
o6(I6&*(+$%&D(
D"*#*(6A(DE%+C#n(
(5+0&=D(?+"-/(4$*(
$%#2+%UW(#14(4$*(
E"PE*(p%4(4%.(6q(
4$*(U"'*(*-'(6A(
4$*(A1--*E8(
@4(U6&2+(.*+4(46(#14($%EAU%:(
4$&61/$(A&6I(6-*(+"'*W(4$*-(
$%EAU%:(4$&61/$(A&6I(4$*(64$*&8(
!61/$(*'/*n(
<%-'("4(+I664$(
-6U(6&("-(+4*D(`8(
(5+0&<D(?+"-/(4$*($%#2+%UW(#14(%.614(b("-#$*+(6q(
4$*(-%&&6U(*-'(6A(4$*(A1--*E(+6(4$%4(U$%4Y+(E*x(
I*%+1&*+(%.614(HG("-#$*+(E6-/(O1+*(4$*(&1E*&S8(
b("-#$*+(
HG("-#$*+(
)&:(46(I%2*(4$*(#14(D*&D*-'"#1E%&(46(4$*(%K"+(6A(4$*(
A1--*EW(.14('6-Y4(D%-"#("A("4(*-'+(1D(+E"/$4E:(CE4*'8(
!64%4*(4$*(A1--*E(%+(-**'*'(46(#6IDE*4*(4$*(#148(
b("-#$*+(
h6-Y4(.64$*&(+%-'"-/(
4$"+(&61/$(*'/*(:*48(
h"+#%&'(4$"+(D"*#*(6A(DE%+C#8(
(5+0&?D(<4%-'(4$*(A1--*E(6-("4+(
U"'*(*-'8(?+"-/(4$*($%#2+%UW(#14(
+4&%"/$4('6U-(%#&6++(4$*(I"''E*(
6A(4$*(-%&&6U(6D*-"-/W(I%2"-/(
:61&(#14(%.614(H(46(F("-#$*+('**D8(
)$*(-%&&6U(*-'(
6A(4$*(A1--*E(
U"EE(-6U($%L*(
4U6(+*I"#"&#E*+(
6A(DE%+C#(&%4$*&(
4$%-(%(+6E"'(
#"&#E*8(
(5+0&>D(?+"-/(4$*(+%-'D%D*&W(
+I664$(%EE(4$*(#14(+1&A%#*+(
6-(.64$(*-'+(6A(4$*(A1--*E8(
(5+0&BD(@A(:61&(*:*D"*#*($%+(%(
&1..*&(*:*#1D(%-'=6&(&1..*&(
/&"DW(&*I6L*("4=4$*I8(
o64*(4$%4("A(:61($%L*(%(:*EE6U(
4$&*%'V"-(*:*D"*#*(lE4*&W(:61(
#%-(+#&*U("4("-46(4$*(*:*D"*#*(
.%&&*E(46(D&6'1#*(%(:*EE6U(<1-8(
314(-64*W(466W(4$%4(4$*(4&1*(
#6E6&(6A(4$*(<1-("+(8(8(8(U$"4*n(
(5+0&AD(@-+*&4(4$*(*:*D"*#*("-46(4$*(-%&&6U(*-'(6A(4$*(
A1--*EQ(E*-+("-W(#$&6I*(.%&&*E(6148(]61(I%:(-**'(46(D&:(
%D%&4(4$*(4U6(+*I"#"&#1E%&($%EL*+(6A(4$*(A1--*EY+(
6D*-"-/8((
@A(4$*(*:*D"*#*(+CEE(U6-Y4(/6("-W(#14(
%U%:(%(E"PE*(I6&*(6A(4$*(A1--*E(46(
U"'*-(4$*(6D*-"-/W(4$*-(4&:(%/%"-8(
7"I(46(/*4(%4(E*%+4(%($%EA(
"-#$(6A(4$*(E*-/4$(6A(4$*(
*:*D"*#*("-46(4$*(A1--*E8(
(5+0&CD(;E%#*(4$*(+I%EE($6+*(#E%ID(6L*&(4$*(-%&&6U(
*-'(6A(4$*(A1--*E(%-'W(1+"-/(4$*(+#&*U'&"L*&W(C/$4*-(
"4(%&61-'(4$*(A1--*E(46(+*#1&*E:($6E'(4$*(*:*D"*#*8(
(5+0&@D()1&-(4$*(A1--*E(U"'*(*-'(1D(O:61(I"/$4(l-'("4(*%+"*+4(46(+"4(
'6U-(%-'($6E'(4$*(A1--*E(.*4U**-(:61&(2-**+S8(;E%#*(4$*(h%V)*K(
+#&**-(6L*&(4$*(U"'*(6D*-"-/f("4('6*+-Y4(I%P*&(U$"#$(+"'*(A%#*+(
'6U-8(56U*&(4$*(E%&/*($6+*(#E%ID(6L*&(4$*(U"'*(*-'(6A(4$*(A1--*E888(
(888%-'W(1+"-/(4$*(+#&*U'&"L*&W(C/$4*-("4(%&61-'(4$*(A1--*E(46(
+*#1&*E:($6E'(4$*(+#&**-f(%+(4$*(#E%ID(.*/"-+(46(/*4(D1&#$%+*(6-(4$*(
A1--*E(%-'(+#&**-W(/*-4E:(D1EE('6U-(%EE(%&61-'(4$*(E66+*(*'/*(6A(4$*(
I%4*&"%E(+6(4$%4(4$*(+#&**-(*-'+(1D(p%4(%-'(4%14(6L*&(4$*(A1--*EY+(
U"'*(6D*-"-/8()$"+("+(%-("4*&%CL*(D&6#*++f(:61YEE(-**'(46(D1EE('6U-(
6-(4$*(I%4*&"%E(%x*&(*%#$(41&-(6A(4$*(+#&*U(46(2**D("4(4%148(
87+&(")&*"))+$&
06-/&%41E%C6-+n(]61($%L*(+1##*++A1EE:(.1"E4(%(<1-(,1--*En(
(5+0&;XD(@-+*&4(4$*(*:*D"*#*(.%&&*E("-46(:61&(4*E*+#6D*Y+(HyV"-#$(
*:*D"*#*($6E'*&W(+*#1&*("4(U"4$(4$*(4$1I.+#&*UO+SW(%"I(:61&(
4*E*+#6D*(%4(4$*(<1-(Ol&+4(4%2"-/(#%&*(46(#6L*&(:61&(l-'*&(+#6D*W(
"A(%-:SW(A6#1+W(%-'(*-N6:(/&61D(L"*U"-/(U"4$(:61&(<1-(,1--*En(
]L^_\_/`&LQ]LK(&(a[I^1\(I&a(I&9*&8bI&(a_&*a__IQD&_I1I^&[9\_8&L_&
a_*\Q8I^IS&8IQI(c9[I&L8&8bI&(a_D&(I1I^I&IKI&SLHL/I&HLK&9cca^`&
)$"+("+(-64(%(+6E%&(
lE4*&f("4Y+(%(D"*#*(6A(
.E%#2(A6%IV.6%&'(
D1&#$%+*'(A6&(%(
A*U('6EE%&+(%4(%-(
6z#*V+1DDE:(+46&*8(
014(%(&61-'($6E*(-*%&(
6-*(6A(4$*(.6%&'Y+(
+$6&4(*'/*+W(I%4#$"-/(
4$*(614*&('"%I*4*&(6A(
:61&(4*E*+#6D*Y+(A&6-4(
*-'8()$*-(+E"D(4$*(
.6%&'(6L*&(4$*(+#6D*8(
@4(U"EE(#%+4(%(+$%'6U(
6L*&(4$*(*:*D"*#*(%-'(
<1-(,1--*EW("ID&6L"-/(
:61&(L"*U(6A(4$*(<1-8((
b-2&5-&L#M&'&8+$+4F-0+&'5&57+&(")&
X6U('6(:61(%"I(%(4*E*+#6D*(%4(4$*(<1-(U$*-(:61Y&*(-64(+1DD6+*'(46(E662(4$&61/$(
"4W(%-'(U$*-(:61Y&*(+1DD6+*'(46(&*I6L*(6&(#6L*&(:61&(l-'*&(+6(4$%4(:61('6-Y4(
E662(4$&61/$(4$%4(*"4$*&(O%-'(+6(4$%4(.&"/$4(+1-E"/$4('6*+-Y4(I*E4("4+(#&6++$%"&+Smn(
d-*(+6E1C6-("+(46(U%4#$(:61&(4*E*+#6D*Y+(+$%'6U(6-(4$*(/&61-'(%-'(%'N1+4(4$*(
%"I(1-CE(4$*(41.*Y+(+$%'6U("+(%+(+I%EE(%-'(%+(&61-'(%+(:61(#%-(/*4("48(
7-64$*&(+6E1C6-("+(46(%''(%(+D*#"%EVD1&D6+*(<1-(l-'*&(4$%4(D&6N*#4+(%(+$%'6U(6&(
%(+D64(6A(+1-E"/$4(6-46(%(4%&/*48()$*&*(%&*(+*L*&%E(#6II*&#"%E(1-"4+(%L%"E%.E*W(
"-#E1'"-/(4$*+*Q(
•! ,%&(5%.6&%46&"*+(X*E"6(;6'Q($PDQ==."48E:=D#@5d\(
•! )*E*({1*(<6EV<*%&#$*&Q($PDQ==."48E:=-2$:d2(
•! 06&6-%'6(<6E(!%-/*&Q($PDQ==."48E:=D$d-'+(
]*4(%-64$*&(+6E1C6-("+(46(I%2*(+6I*4$"-/(:61&+*EA(.%+*'(6-(4$*('*+"/-(6A(6-*(6A(
4$*+*(D&6'1#4+8((
(',+&(")&
)$*&*(%&*(+*L*&%E(U%:+(46(6.+*&L*(4$*(<1-(+%A*E:(U"4$(%(4*E*+#6D*8(d-*("+(46(1+*(%(
+D*#"%EVD1&D6+*(%D*&41&*(lE4*&(|(4$%4("+W(%(lE4*&(4$%4(l4+(6L*&(4$*("-+4&1I*-4Y+(
%D*&41&*W(6&(A&6-4(6D*-"-/(|(46(.E6#2(%EE(.14(%(I"-1+#1E*(A&%#C6-(6A(4$*(<1-Y+(E"/$4(
%-'(4$*&*.:(#&*%4*(%(#6IA6&4%.E:(.&"/$4("I%/*("-(4$*(4*E*+#6D*Y+(*:*D"*#*8(96+4(
+6E%&(lE4*&+(%&*(I%'*(A&6I(I*4%EV#6%4*'(/E%++(6&(9:E%&V4:D*(lEI8(
<6I*CI*+W(4$61/$W("4(#%-(.*($%&'(46(#6-L"-#*(D*6DE*(46(E662(4$&61/$(%(lE4*&*'(
4*E*+#6D*f('*+D"4*(:61&(I6+4(+"-#*&*(&*%++1&%-#*+W(4$*:Y&*(%A&%"'(4$*:YEE($1&4(4$*"&(
*:*+8(@-(%-:(#%+*W(6-E:(6-*(D*&+6-(%4(%(CI*(#%-(L"*U(4$*(<1-("-(4$*(*:*D"*#*8(
d-*(U%:(%&61-'(4$"+("+(46(D&6N*#4(%-("I%/*(6A(4$*(<1-(6-46(%(#%&'(6&(+#&**-8(o6U(
-6.6':($%+(46(E662(4$&61/$(4$*(4*E*+#6D*(OU$"#$(I*%-+(-6(&*A6#1+"-/(%-'(-6(
.1ID"-/SW(%-'(I%-:(D*6DE*(#%-(L"*U(4$*(+6E%&("I%/*(%4(4$*(+%I*(CI*8(314(
4$*&*Y+(%(&"+2(4$%4(+6I*6-*(I"/$4(%##"'*-4%EE:(E662("-46(4$*(.&"/$4(.*%I(6A(
+1-E"/$4(*I*&/"-/(A&6I(4$*(*:*D"*#*8(
)$*(+6E1C6-W(%-'(%-(*L*-(+%A*&(U%:(46(1+*(%(4*E*+#6D*(46(6.+*&L*(4$*(<1-W("+(&*%&V
+#&**-(D&6N*#C6-8()$%4Y+(4$*(4*#$-"Z1*(1+*'("-(4$*(<1-(,1--*E8(
(-$'.&*#$5+.&d4D&(-$'.&[.-e+FG-)&
@A(:61($%L*(%-(%D*&41&*(+6E%&(lE4*&(A6&(:61&(4*E*+#6D*W(:61('6-Y4(-**'(%(D&6N*#C6-(
'*L"#*(VV(N1+4(E662(4$&61/$(4$*(*:*D"*#*(46(+**(%(#6IA6&4%.E:(.&"/$4("I%/*(6A(4$*(
<1-8(06-L*&+*E:W("A(:61(U%-4(46(1+*(%(D&6N*#C6-('*L"#*W(A6&(*K%IDE*W(+6(4$%4(I%-:(
D*6DE*(#%-(L"*U(4$*(<1-Y+("I%/*(%4(4$*(+%I*(CI*W(:61(#%-Y4(1+*(%(+6E%&(lE4*&W(
.*#%1+*(4$*-(4$*("I%/*(U61E'(4$*-(.*(466('"I(46(+$6U(1D(6-(4$*(+#&**-8(
\$%4('6(U*(I*%-(.:(B466('"IBm(7(4:D"#%E(+6E%&(lE4*&(.E6#2+([[8[[[w(6A(4$*(<1-Y+(
E"/$4W(+6(4$%4(4$*("I%/*("-(4$*(*:*D"*#*(|(6&(D&6N*#4*'(.:(4$*(*:*D"*#*(|("+(6-E:(
H=HGGWGGG4$(%+(.&"/$4(%+("4(U61E'(.*(U"4$614(4$*(lE4*&8()$%4Y+(L*&:(/66'(A6&('"&*#4(
L"*U"-/("-(4$*(*:*D"*#*W(.14(L*&:(.%'(A6&(D&6N*#C6-(O"-#E1'"-/(4$*(<1-(,1--*ES8(
\"4$(*"4$*&(%-(%D*&41&*(lE4*&(6&(%(D&6N*#C6-(+:+4*IW("-(%''"C6-(46(+**"-/(4$*(
+"E$61*P*(6A({*-1+('1&"-/(4$*(}1-*(FGHF(4&%-+"4W(:61(#%-(+**(+1-+D64+(%-'(E"I.(
'%&2*-"-/(O4$*(A%#4(4$%4(4$*(#*-4*&(6A(4$*(<1-Y+('"+2("+(.&"/$4*&(4$%-(4$*(*'/*+S8(
<6I*(+6E%&(lE4*&+(%&*(I%'*(46(+$6U(4$*(<1-("-(4$*(E"/$4(6A(+D*#"l#(%46I+W(+1#$(%+(
4$*(&*'(E"/$4(6A($:'&6/*-(OX(%ED$%W(6&(X~SW(6&(4$*(L"6E*4(E"/$4(6A(#%E#"1I8()$*+*(
D&6'1#*(#6IA6&4%.E:(.&"/$4("I%/*+("-(4$*(*:*D"*#*(.14W(E"2*(A1EEV+D*#4&1I(OBU$"4*(
E"/$4BS(lE4*&+W(%&*(-64(+1"4%.E*(A6&(1+*(U"4$(D&6N*#C6-(+:+4*I+(E"2*(4$*(<1-(,1--*E8(
H-.+&(',+&(")&
\$*-*L*&(:61(6.+*&L*(4$*(<1-W(U"4$(%-:(4*#$-"Z1*W(:61(I1+4(D14(+%A*4:(l&+48(
)$*(2*:(46(+1##*++A1E(+6E%&(D&6N*#C6-W("-#E1'"-/(1+*(6A(4$*(<1-(,1--*EW("+(46(1+*(
4$*(&"/$4(2"-'(6A(4*E*+#6D*(|(6-*(4$%4(#%-(46E*&%4*($%L"-/(A1EEV+4&*-/4$(+1-E"/$4(
D%++(4$&61/$(4$*(6DC#%E(4&%"-(|(%-'(46(1+*(%-(*:*D"*#*(4$%4('6*+-Y4($%L*(%-:(
DE%+C#("-("48(\*YEE(+%:("4(%/%"-Q(\*(&*#6II*-'(1+"-/(%(&*A&%#46&(O%(4*E*+#6D*(U"4$(%(
A&6-4(E*-+S(|(-64(%(&*p*#46&(O1-E*++(:61(+46D("4('6U-(46(%(HV(6&(FV"-#$(%D*&41&*SW(
%-'(-*L*&(%(I"&&6&VE*-+(4*E*+#6D*(|(%-'(%('*#*-4VZ1%E"4:(#6II*&#"%E(*:*D"*#*8(
7EU%:+(4%2*(4$*(14I6+4(#%&*(U$*-(D%++"-/(1-lE4*&*'(+1-E"/$4(4$&61/$(%-:(6DC#+W(
%+(:61YEE('6(U$*-(1+"-/(4$*(<1-(,1--*E(6&(%-:(64$*&(D&6N*#C6-('*L"#*8(@A(:61(+**(
6&(+I*EE(+I62*W(:61&(*Z1"DI*-4("+(1-+1"4%.E*(6&(+*4(1D("-#6&&*#4E:(|(/*4("4(614(6A(
4$*(<1-("II*'"%4*E:n(
h6(:61&(+6E%&(6.+*&L"-/("-(+$6&4(+C-4+8(h6-Y4(E*%L*(%(4*E*+#6D*(D6"-4*'(%4(4$*(<1-(
|(6&(*L*-(+"u-/(614("-(4$*(<1-(D6"-4*'(*E+*U$*&*(|(A6&($61&+(%4(%(CI*8(
96+4("ID6&4%-4E:W(-*L*&(E*%L*(%(+6E%&V6.+*&L"-/(+*41D(1-%P*-'*'8(
H'57+M'GF'$&a)%+.0#))#)34&
-,&57+&(")&*"))+$&S+4#3)&
d-(4$*(A6EE6U"-/(D%/*+(U*(/6(4$&61/$(4$*(O&*E%CL*E:(+"IDE*S(I%4$(
.*$"-'(4$*(<1-(,1--*E8(@4(&*E%4*+(4$*(A6EE6U"-/(Z1%-CC*+(6L*&(U$"#$(
U*($%L*(+6I*(I*%+1&*(6A(#6-4&6EQ(
•! )*E*+#6D*(A6#%E(E*-/4$(
•! j:*D"*#*(A6#%E(E*-/4$(
•! ;&6N*#C6-('"+4%-#*(
•! ;&6N*#4*'("I%/*('"%I*4*&(
%-'(4$*(A6EE6U"-/(Z1%-C4:(6L*&(U$"#$(U*($%L*(%.+6E14*E:(-6(#6-4&6EQ(
•! <1-Y+(%-/1E%&('"%I*4*&(
)*E*+#6D*(6A(A6#%E(E*-/4$(,(OIIS(D&6'1#*+("I%/*(6A(
E"-*%&(+"^*(((OIIS(6A(6.N*#4(U"4$(%-/1E%&(+"^*(L&O&%'"%-+S8(
7=F(
#(d.N*#4(6A(%-/1E%&(+"^*(7(
<=F(
A(
7(
)*E*+#6D*(6A((
A6#%E(E*-/4$(A(
7=F(
@I%/*(6A(E"-*%&(+"^*(<(
!*E%C6-+$"D(.*4U**-(4$*+*(Z1%-CC*+Q(
5')&OLU=P&R&O(U=P&U&,&
<=F(
!*%&&%-/* (( (
(
(4%-(O7=FS(r(O<=FS(=(A(
46(/*4(
(
(
(
(
(A(4%-(O7=FS(r(<=F(
%-'(l-%EE:( (
(
(
(<(r(FA(4%-(O7=FS(
o64*(4$%4(A6&(4$*(L*&:(+I%EE(%-/E*+(U*(4:D"#%EE:(
*-#61-4*&("-(%+4&6-6I:W(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(4%-(O7=FS((7=F(
+6(U*($%L* (
(
(
(<(r(FA7=F(
U$"#$(&*'1#*+(46 (
(<(r(A7(
(O<W(A("-(IIf(7("-(&%'"%-+S(
\*(-**'(46(2-6U(4$*(+"^*(6A(4$*(<1-("I%/*(D&6'1#*'(
.:(4$*(4*E*+#6D*W(+"-#*(4$%4Y+(U$%4(U*(DE%-(46(D&6N*#4(
6-46(4$*(<1-(,1--*E(+#&**-8(h6(:61(2-6U(4$*(<1-Y+(
%-/1E%&(+"^*W(7W("-(&%'"%-+m(;&6.%.E:(-64W(+6(E*4Y+(4U*%2(
61&(A6&I1E%(46(D14(7("-46('*/&**+("-+4*%'8(
)$*&*(%&*(HeGÄ("-(Å(&%'"%-+(O4$*(%&#(6A(%(+*I"#"&#E*SW(+6(
(
(
(
(
(<(r(A7(s(OHeGÄ=ÅS(
6& (
(
(
(
(<(r(A7=`b8T (
(
(O7("-('*/&**+S(
)$*(<1-Y+(%L*&%/*(%-/1E%&(+"^*("+(N1+4(6L*&(ÇÄ(O:61(
2-*U(4$%4W(&"/$4mSW("8*8W(7((G8`TTÄ8(
<6W(U"4$(7(r(G8`TTÄW(U*(/*4(
(
(
(
(
(<(r(A7=`b8T(
(
(
(
(
(<(r(AOG8`TT=`b8TS(
(
(
(
(
((&R&XDXX@<, (
(O<("-(IIW(A("-(IIS(
06-+"'*&(4$*(>%E"E*6+#6D*W(U$"#$($%+(%(A6#%E(E*-/4$(6A(
`GG(II8(\$*-(%"I*'(%4(4$*(<1-W("4(D&6'1#*+(%-(
"I%/*(6A('"%I*4*&(<(r(G8GG[T(s(`GG(II(r(a8R`(II8(
]61Y&*(-64(/6"-/(46($%L*(I1#$(E1#2(4&:"-/(46(+**(
+1-+D64+(6&({*-1+Y+(+"E$61*P*(6-(+1#$(%(C-:("I%/*n((
)$%4Y+(U$:(U*(1+*(D&6N*#C6-W("8*8W(46(D&6'1#*(%(E%&/*&(
"I%/*(6-(U$"#$(U*(#%-(I6&*(*%+"E:(+**(+1-+D64+(%-'(
64$*&(A*%41&*+(6A("-4*&*+4(6-(4$*(<1-Y+('"+28(
)$*(/*6I*4&:("+(+"I"E%&(46(U$%4(U*(+%U(*%&E"*&Q(
;&6N*#C6-('"+4%-#*W(;(
3=F(
;&6N*#4*'(
"I%/*(
h=F( '"%I*4*&W(h(
h=F(
;(
3=F(
7-/1E%&(+"^*(6A(D&6N*#4*'("I%/*W(3(
j:*D"*#*(
5')&O!U=P&R&OSU=P&U&[&
!*%&&%-/* (( (
(
(4%-(O3=FS(r(Oh=FS(=(;(
46(/*4(
(
(
(
(
(;(4%-(O3=FS(r(h=F(
%-'(l-%EE:( (
(
(
(h(r(F;(4%-(O3=FS(
7/%"-W(A6&(4$*(L*&:(+I%EE(%-/E*+(U*(4:D"#%EE:(*-#61-4*&("-(
%+4&6-6I:W(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(4%-(O3=FS((3=F(
+6(U*($%L* (
(
(
(h(r(F;3=F(
U$"#$(&*'1#*+(46 (
(h(r(;3
(OhW(;("-(IIf(3("-(&%'"%-+S(
314(U$%4("+(3W(*K%#4E:m(!*I*I.*&(7m(@4Y+(4$*(%-/1E%&(
+"^*(6A(4$*("I%/*(D&6'1#*'(.:(4$*(4*E*+#6D*8(\*EEW(3(
"+(N1+4(4$%4(%-/E*(I1ECDE"*'(.:(4$*(I%/-"l#%C6-(
D&6'1#*'(.:(4$*(4*E*+#6D*Y+(*:*D"*#*8(7-'(4$%4W("-(
41&-W("+(4$*(A6#%E(E*-/4$(6A(4$*(4*E*+#6D*('"L"'*'(.:(
4$*(A6#%E(E*-/4$(6A(4$*(*:*D"*#*W("8*8W(
3(r(7(s(I%/-"l#%C6-(r(7(s(O,54*E*+#6D*=,5*:*D"*#*S(
+6((
(
(
(
(
(h(r(;3(
.*#6I*+(
(
(
(h(r(;7O,54*E*+#6D*=,5*:*D"*#*S(
U"4$(hW(;W(%-'(4$*(4U6(,5Y+("-(IIW(%-'(7("-(&%'"%-+8(
314(&*I*I.*&W(7(O4$*(<1-Y+(%-/1E%&('"%I*4*&("-(&%'"%-+S(
"+(*Z1%E(46(G8`TT=`b8TW(6&(G8GG[T8(<6(61&(A6&I1E%(A6&(4$*(
'"%I*4*&(6A(4$*(D&6N*#4*'("I%/*W(
(
(
(h(r(;7O,54*E*+#6D*=,5*:*D"*#*S(
.*#6I*+(
(
(S&R&XDXX@<[O*Q5+$+4F-0+U*Q+J+0#+F+P&
(
(
U"4$(%EE(Z1%-CC*+("-(II8()$"+(#%-(.*(&*%&&%-/*'(46(+6EL*(
"-+4*%'(A6&(4$*(D&6N*#C6-('"+4%-#*W(;Q(
(
(
(
(
([&R&;XAD>SO*Q+J+0#+F+U*Q5+$+4F-0+P&
%/%"-(U"4$(%EE(Z1%-CC*+("-(II8(
7E4*&-%CL*E:W(*"4$*&(A6&I1E%(#%-(.*(&*%&&%-/*'(46(+6EL*(
"-+4*%'(A6&(4$*(*:*D"*#*(A6#%E(E*-/4$Q(
(
(
(
(
(*Q+J+0#+F+&R&XDXX@<[O*Q5+$+4F-0+USP&
%/%"-(U"4$(%EE(Z1%-CC*+("-(II8(,6&(4$*(<1-(,1--*E(%+(
'*+#&".*'($*&*W(;((HG("-#$*+((F`G(IIW(%-'(4$*(
'*+"&*'("I%/*(+"^*(A6&(%(A1EEV'"+2(<1-("+(h((HGG(II(
O+"-#*(4$*(U"'*(*-'(6A(4$*(A1--*E("+(%.614(`("-#$*+W(6&(
HFb(IIW(%#&6++S8()$1+W(
(
(
(
(,5*:*D"*#*(r(G8GG[T(s(F`a(t(HGG(s(,54*E*+#6D*(
6& (
(
(
(*Q+J+0#+F+&R&XDX=<&*Q5+$+4F-0+&R&*Q5+$+4F-0+&Z&?<&
L&H'f+.&-,&(#g+&6&S+3.++4&
)$*(<1-(,1--*E(U%+('*+"/-*'(U"4$(+I%EE(&*A&%#46&+W(+1#$(%+(4$6+*(U"4$(
%D*&41&*+("-(4$*(&%-/*(6A(`G(46([G(II(OF(46(TÇ("-#$*+SW("-(I"-'8()$*&*Y+(
-64$"-/(46(2**D(:61(A&6I(+#%E"-/("4(1D(46(%(I1#$(."//*&(+"^*W(*K#*D4(4$%4(:61Y&*(
E"I"4*'(.:(4$*(%I61-4(6A(+1-E"/$4(:61(#6EE*#4W(+6("A(:61(I%2*(%(I1#$(."//*&(
A1--*E(A6&(%(+I%EE(&*A&%#46&W(:61YEE(*-'(1D(U"4$(%('"+%DD6"-C-/E:('"I("I%/*8(
@A(:61(U%-4(46('61.E*(4$*('"%I*4*&(6A(4$*(A1--*E(+6(4$%4(:61(#%-('61.E*(4$*(
'"%I*4*&(6A(4$*(+6E%&("I%/*W(:61YEE(-**'(46('61.E*(4$*('"%I*4*&(6A(4$*(
&*A&%#46&(46(I%"-4%"-(+"I"E%&("I%/*(.&"/$4-*++8()$%4Y+(-64(466(D&%#C#%EW(%+(+1#$(
&*A&%#46&+(%&*(4:D"#%EE:(Z1"4*(E%&/*W($*%L:W(%-'(*KD*-+"L*8(7(.*P*&(+6E1C6-("+(46(
1+*(%(+$6&4*&VA6#%EVE*-/4$(*:*D"*#*(46("-#&*%+*(4$*(I%/-"l#%C6-8()$"+(U"EE(
.E6U(1D(4$*(<1-Y+("I%/*(+6(4$%4("4(B6L*&lEE+B(4$*(<1-(,1--*E(+#&**-W(.14("4YEE(
I%2*(+1-+D64+(6&(4$*(+"E$61*P*(6A({*-1+(%DD*%&(E%&/*&(%-'(I6&*(L"+".E*8(
96+4(&*A&%#46&+("-#E1'*(%([GÄ(+4%&('"%/6-%E(U$6+*(D1&D6+*("+(46(I%2*(4$*(
L"*U"-/(%-/E*(I6&*(#6-L*-"*-48(@A(4$*(<1-("+(E6U("-(4$*(+2:W("4Y+(D*&A*#4E:(dg(46(
E*%L*(614(4$*(+4%&('"%/6-%E(%-'(L"*U(6&(D&6N*#4(B+4&%"/$4(4$&61/$B(4$*(+#6D*8(
o6U(4$%4(:61($%L*(%EE(4$*(I%4$*I%C#%E(&*E%C6-+$"D+(.*4U**-(
4*E*+#6D*(A6#%E(E*-/4$W(*:*D"*#*(A6#%E(E*-/4$W(D&6N*#C6-('"+4%-#*W(
%-'(D&6N*#4*'("I%/*(+"^*W(:61(#%-('*+"/-(:61&(6U-(+6E%&VD&6N*#C6-(
'*L"#*(1+"-/(I%4*&"%E+(64$*&(4$%-(4$6+*(+1//*+4*'($*&*8(
h"+4G-)4i&c-MM+)54i&
]61(I%:(#6-4%#4(4$*(%14$6&+(.:(*I%"EQ(
!"#2(,"*-.*&/Q(&"#28l*-.*&/É%%+86&/(
0$1#2(31*4*&Q(.1*4*&É-"/$4U"+*86&/(
561(9%:6Q(%+4&6-6I*&F/6ÉL*&"^6-8-*4
&
jK#*D4(U$*&*(64$*&U"+*(-64*'W(%EE(D$646+(%&*(Ñ(FGHH(.:(!"#$%&'()&*+#$(,"*-.*&/8(