through Scavenger Hunts Answers

Transcription

Exploring
the Genius
of da Vinci
through
Scavenger Hunts
Answers
Catherine McGrew Jaime
Other Da Vinci Books by Catherine Jaime
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Da Vinci: His Life and His Legacy
Doing Da Vinci For Kids
Exploring Da Vinci’s Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci Topical Study
The Life & Travels of Da Vinci Trilogy (historical fiction)
Leonardo the Florentine (historical fiction)
Leonardo: Masterpieces in Milan (historical fiction)
Leonardo: To Mantua and Beyond (historical fiction)
Creative Learning Connection
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Madison, AL 35758
www.CreativeLearningConnection.com
All rights reserved. Permission is granted for the scavenger hunts to be reproduced for use by
one family or class.
Copyright 2013 Catherine M. Jaime
www.CatherineJaime.com
Coloring pictures and pictures of paintings are used by permission of Dover Publications.
2
Leonardo Da Vinci Scavenger Hunt: Enter the World of Leonardo da Vinci Answers
Many of the questions call for opinions or sketches. Below are the answers to the others:
What type of large sculpture did Leonardo attempt in Milan? Was it life size?
Horse (or Equestrian)
No, 3-4 times
larger
View the large Timeline of Leonardo’s Life and Times (by #3).
Approximately how many years ago did he live? 500
Where was Leonardo born? Anchiano (or Vinci), Italy
Where was he living at the end of his life? France
Did Leonardo think humans would someday fly? Yes
Continue past the military machines and you should see several Musical Instruments.
Draw or name your favorite instrument: Piano, Drum, or Flute
He sketched at least three different types of figures for the battle. Which do you like best?
List at least one type: Soldiers, Weapons, and/or Horses
Count the faces and complete paintings of Mona Lisa as you go by them.
How many Mona Lisas did you see? 12
Compare the portraits Leonardo painted of women. Name at least one similarity and difference
between them.
Answers might include direction they are facing, alone or not, with or without animal…
Examine the five reproductions of Leonardo’s Notebooks on the other side of this room.
What do you see on the open pages? Notes, Sketches (including Birds, Man)
The final questions can all be answered from the Last Supper film. Since it’s dark in the theater, you
may want to read over the questions before you watch the short film, and then see how many answers
you remember:
What can you see on the table in front of the disciples? Food, Dishes (some might also say tablecloth)
What colors are in the robe Jesus is wearing? Blue/Red
How long did it take Leonardo to paint this? ~3 years
Copyright 2013 by Catherine Jaime
www.CatherineJaime.com and www.CreativeLearningConnection.com
3
Flight Scavenger Hunt Answers
Can you find Leonardo’s Hang Glider?
What needed to be added when someone successfully flew a replica in 2002?
A tail
Find Leonardo’s quote on flight in the panel on the wall (near #6). Write it here:
“There shall be wings! If the accomplishment be not for me, ‘tis for some other.”
Can you find Leonardo’s “Aerial Screw”? How many men would it have taken to operate it? 4
In Leonardo’s “Flying Machine” – what position did he envision the pilot in?
Lieing face down, held in postion with a strap.
When he pondered flight, Leonardo studied birds quite a bit, but he also studied at least one other
flying animal. Find the wing based on that other animal. What type of animal was it? A bat
Leonardo changed his design for a wing, and wrote of the new design, “…but be sure that the force is
rapid and if the above effect is not obtained, waste no more time on it.”
Draw or name his new wing design: Flapping Wing
In the Vertical Flying Machine, Leonardo had a different position planned for the pilot.
What was it? Standing
What form of transportation is on display here that could trace its design back to Leonardo’s designs?
Draw or name it here: Apache Longbow (helicopter)
Can you find Leonardo’s Parachute Design? Did someone successful build and use it?
Yes, in Britain in 2000.
What was its one big drawback? Its weight - it was too heavy.
The Wright Brothers finally flew in 1903.
Approximately how much earlier had Leoanrdo dreamed of humans flying? 500 years
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4
Renaissance Paintings Scavenger Hunt Answers
How many of them are sketches?
3
How many of them are paintings? 11
Can you tell which one was a cartoon? The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and John the Baptist
How many religious paintings do you see here? 6 (or 7 if they count the cartoon)
How many portraits? 4
On close examination, two of the paintings seem incomplete.
Pick one and explain why: The Virgin and Child with St. Anne does not contain Leonardo’s usual detail,
In St. Jerome you can still see the under-drawing in several places.
Which one of these is in profile? La Bella Principessa
How many of the women have some sort of a band around their head? 3
How many women are clearly wearing jewelry? 2
In how many paintings can you see plants? I counted 6.
What do you see in the background of most of Leonardo’s paintings? Detailed landscapes
Religious paintings of the day generally included halos – did all of Leonardo’s? No
You can only see one of these actual paintings without leaving the U.S.
Which one? Ginevra d’Benci
Where is it? Washington, D.C.
Do you think the women in the portraits are rich or poor? Why?
Most likely rich if they (or someone else) can afford to have their portraits painted; their clothes; their
jewelry.
How did experts decide La Bella Principessa was actually done by Leonardo? By comparing a fingerprint
What are some differences between them (the 2 Virgin of the Rocks)? One has brighter colors than the
others, one has halos, the angel is pointing in one but not the other.
Of course, there are two other famous paintings by Leonardo da Vinci shown in other parts of this
exhbition. What are they? Mona Lisa and the Last Supper
If you ever get to the Art Museum in Washington, D.C., be sure to go around to the back and see the
back of the Ginevra d’Benci painting:
Copyright 2013 by Catherine Jaime www.CreativeLearningConnection.com
5
Leonardo and His Paintings Answers
Ignoring the drawings at the far left which were both done later, the first five paintings were done first,
during his first time living in Florence (starting with the Annunciation, and ending with St. Jerome).
Look closely at those five paintings. What do you notice about most about these and their
backgrounds? All but one of them have detailed landscapes.
What other similarities and differences do you notice in this group? They are mostly religious paintings,
rather than portraits. The two Madonnas are shown inside, but there are windows behind them to give
us a glimpse of the outside.
The second group of four paintings are from the first time he lived in Milan. (This is the same time
frame that he did the Last Supper and worked on his equestrian sculpture.) These four paintings,
displayed on the wall starting with the Musician and ending with La Belle Frerronniere have similarities
with each other, and differences from the first group. List one or more of each:
These paintings are all portraits – all of specific people. All but one are somewhat facing the
viewer. There are no detailed landscapes in any of them. All three of the Milanese women are wearing
some sort of a headband (which is not seen in any of the other paintings displayed here).
The next three pictures could be grouped together, even though they were done in both Florence and
Milan (during his second long stay in each). What are some similarities and differences in these three?
One is a cartoon, two are paintings, though one of those does not appear complete. All have
detailed landscapes again (you can’t see the landscape much in the cartoon, but it still appears to be
more detailed than the Milan group). All are of the holy family, all include Mary and the Christ child.
Two include St. Anne. Two include St. John the Baptist as a child, one includes an angel. Only one has
halos.
Now compare and contrast the Madonnas from his Florence group with his latter pictures of the Holy
Family. In the first Madonnas, Mary is depicted as quite young and Christ is shown as a baby. Mary
appears older. In these later ones, and Christ is depicted as an older, less chubby toddler.
This version of the Virgin of the Rocks was probably painted around the same time as the Mona Lisa.
You can stand back closer to the Mona Lisa exhibit and see both the genuine color Mona Lisa and this
Virgin of the Rocks. Pay close attention to the backgrounds and his use of colors. What are similarities
and differences between the two?
The backgrounds are similar in both, as was his use of blues, oranges, and browns.
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Mona Lisa Scavenger Hunt Answers
What type of wood was the Mona Lisa painted on? Poplar
How many complete Mona Lisas do you see? 12
How many faces? 4
List or draw what can you see in the background behind Mona Lisa?
A road, a bridge, mountains, water.
Can you see part of a piece of furniture in the painting? What is it? An armrest under her left arm
What is she wearing on her head? A veil
When and where did Leonardo start painting the Mona Lisa? 1514 and Florence, Italy
Where do you have to go now to see it? Paris, France – the Louvre
When was it stolen? 1911 How long was it missing? More than two years.
What portion of the painting appears very different today than when Leonardo painted it?
The Background
On the back of the painting you can see: Letter “H”, Name “Joconde,” Number “29,” 2 butterfly clips, a
red stamp that includes a seal, the #31, and the initials “MR,” some French words that are handwritten
and some that are typed.
What type of paint did Leonardo use? Walnut Oil
What was the most expensive paint for Leonardo to use? The lapis lazuli – the blue
7
Human Anatomy Scavenger Hunt Answers
How many different sketches of the human body do you see here? 24
How many human bodies did Leonardo disect over the years? 30
(Why do you think he disected so many?)
Answers could include: To determine differences, to better draw…
Do you think he approached art as a scientist or science as an artist? Most likely both
Write down Leonardo’s quote on the human foot: (Do you agree?)
“The human foot is a masterpiece of engineering and a work of art.”
Which painting shows Leonardo’s study of anatomy? I would choose St. Jerome – Leonardo’s studies
are really clear in the old saint’s face and shoulders. But an argument could be made for others as well
– in particular the ones showing the chubby babies!
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Leonardo’s Last Supper – Q and A - Answers
Did you know – the Last Supper is a mural, but it is not a fresco?
Most wall paintings like the Last Supper were done as frescos – but fresco painting required an artist to
apply wet plaster to a section of a wall, and then paint quickly with a water or egg based paint.
Leonardo didn’t like to paint quickly and he preferred to use oil based paints. He developed his own
technique for the mural instead of using the traditional method.
Did you know the Last Supper is almost 30 feet wide? The painting is approximately 30 feet by 15 feet.
1. How are the disciples grouped? In 4 groups of 3
2. Did you notice the blue at both ends of the tablecloth? Yes or No, answers will vary.
3. What can you see on the table in front of the disciples? Dishes, Food, Tablecloth
4. What colors are in the robe Christ is wearing? Red and Blue
5. Did Leonardo paint Christ with a halo? Why or why not?
No, he used the light from the window behind him to give the effect of a halo.
6. What tool did he use to be sure all lines pointed to the head of Christ? String
7. About how long did it take Leonardo to paint the Last Supper? 3 years
8. What happened to the bottom of the painting? A door was cut into the wall.
9. How long did the latest restoration take? More than 20 years.
9
Leonardo da Vinci and Animals Answers
Horses (sketch)
In area about Sculpture
and/or
Battle of Anghiari
Birds (sketch)
Notebooks
Lion
Renaissance Paintings
Lamb
Ermine
10
Leonardo and His Horse Sculpture Scavenger Hunt
When, where, and from whom did Leonardo learn about sculpting?
While he was an apprentice under Verrocchio in Florence.
When Leonardo moved to Milan, he offered to make an equestrian (horse) sculpture for whom?
Duke Lodovico, for his father Francesco Sforza.
How big was the equestrian sculpture supposed to be? 24 feet – 3-4 times lifesize
What did Leonardo finally finish in 1493? The lifesize clay model
Whose attack of Milan brought an end to Leonardo’s work on his monument? The French
When was Leonardo’s horse finally cast? 1999
Where can you go to see it? Milan, Italy and Grand Rapids, Michigan
Drawings of horses elsewhere: In the Battle painting area.
The Horse Sculpture in Milan, Italy
11
Leonardo and His Notebooks - Answers
How many pages from Leonardo’s notebooks have been discovered? 6,000
These pages have been put together in codices.
What types of things Leonardo wrote in each - Answers will vary, but could include the following:
Codex Forster I – hydraulic engineering
Codex Forster II – Last Supper, science
Codex Forster III – geometry, science, sketches
Codex of Madirid – mechanical and hydraulic devices
Codex Leicester – science, writings on many topics
Codex Windsor – anatomy, landscapes, animals, people
Codex Arundel - mathematics
Codex Atlanticus – almost everything!
Codex Trivulziano – architecture, military
Which codice is currently in private hands? Codex Leicester
Who did Leonardo leave his notebooks to? His student, Francesco Melzi
Which codice contained a list of his personal library? Codex Madrid
On the timeline of Leonardo’s codices here on the wall, can you find who owned the Hammer codice
before Bill Gates? Armand Hammer
What is the smallest notebook on display in the cases here? Forseter III
You can “flip the pages” of one of his notebooks on the screen. Click “Codice 1 Forster.” What do you
see on almost every page? Sketches, notes on mathematics
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Physics and Mechanical Scavenger Hunt Answers
There is a sign explaining these exhibits on the far wall between the two sets of stairs.
Find the quote on the sign and write it down: “I have been impressed with the urgency of doing.
Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Being willing is not enough; we must do.”
Rolling Ball Bearings
What are ball bearings useful to reduce? Friction
How many balls did Leonardo discover made the Rolling Ball Bearing work well? 3
How many balls does he use in his other Ball Bearing machine? 8 in the sktech, 13 in the model.
The Hammer Driven by an Eccentric Cam. Who might have found such a devise useful? Blacksmiths
Flying Wheels
What machine was already using this principle in Leonardo’s day? The Potter’s Wheel
Why did Leonardo think the rope and pulley was a better idea? The other was more likely to wear out.
Who invented the gearwheel? Archimedes When? In the 3rd century B.C.
Where do we see similar mechanisms in use today? Some clocks
What would the Rolling Mill have been used for? Producing thin sheets of metal
Transformation of Continuous to Alternating Motion
This machine might have been useful in what industry? Textiles
Can you find the one that looks like a weather vane? What is it called? Anemoscope
Close by is one that measures the force of the wind.
What is that one called? Anemometer
Find the Wax Hygrometer. How would it have shown you the humidity in the air?
By how low the side with the cotton balls got, as they absorbed moisture from the air.
13
Hydraulic and Aquatic Answers
“Water is the driving force of all nature.”
There is a sketch of a third bridge in one of the signs. What type of a bridge was it?
A swinging bridge
Did you know that Leonardo also designed a bridge for the Ottoman Sultan, Bajazeth II? This design
was thought to be impractical and until recently was never attempted.
We see yet another machine here that had originated centuries before Leonardo, by the Greek
mathematician: Archimedes
What is the water screw still used for? Irrigation
Since water was so important, boats were also important. Draw or list two improvements Leonardo
designed for boats: Paddles and Double Hulls
Find the design of which Leonardo wrote, “How to save your life in the event of storm and shipwreck.”
Draw it below:
What would we call this? Life Buoy
14
Leonardo and Civil Machines Scavenger Hunt Answers
Find Leonardo’s quote on different types of people: “There are three classes of people: Those who see.
Those who see when they are shown. Those who do not see.”
Leonardo probably designed and built the self-propelled cart shown here. Where and for what
purpose? As a stage prop when he was in Milan.
Which “invention” came as a result of the plague? His ideal city
Look at the machine hiding to the left of the ideal city. What was it designed for? To bore holes
through tree trunks, for wooden water pipes.
Which one may not have actually been drawn by Leonardo in his notebook? The bike
When did Leonardo study cranes? When living in Florence the first time.
Whose idea did he want to improve on? Fra. Brunelleschi
Which machine was based on a design by Vitruvius? The Odometer
15
Leonardo the Military Advisor Answers
Why do you think he made so many different military machines and weapons?
Answers will vary. Could include that he worked for generals and statesmen.
Find the Tank – compare the 3D model to the large drawing on the wall behind it.
How are they similar? How are they different? Answers will vary…
Was this an offensive weapon or a defensive one? offensive
How many men would it have taken to move the tank?
Who originally had the idea fror a steam cannon (no gunpowder necessary)? Archimedes
What was one of the things he wanted to accomplish with catapults?
Send stone further, send it harder, send it more accurately.
What was Leonardo trying to do with his design for a bullet?
Make them more aerodynamic; help them fly straight.
Find the two models of “mowing wagons.” Besides the men, who/what would have been endangered
by these designs? The horses
Go up the stairs to your left (under the big Mona Lisa sign). Here you will find his skeches for a large
Battle Painting Leonardo had been commissisoned for.
What battle was he depicting? Battle of Anghiari
Who was tasked with painting on the wall opposite Leonardo? Michelangelo
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through Scavenger Hunts Answers

Transcription

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