Series Product Guide

Series
Product Guide
™
Wireless Networking
Access Points
Routers
Client Adapters
Antennas
Accessories
Wireless
Turbo G Series
Wireless Cable/DSL Router
Using multiple antennas to transmit
and receive multiple wireless signals
simultaneously, MIMO technology takes
transmit speeds and range to an incredible
level In addition to improved wireless
performance, the AirStation MIMO Router
offers optimized LAN/WAN routing.
WZR-G108
WLI-CB-G108
Capable of receiving three separate signals
simultaneously, this MIMO technology equipped
notebook adapter offers the industry's best
range and data throughput capabilities. Fully
backward compatible with standard 802.11g
and 11b networks. This card outperforms any
other card on the market and supports AOSS.
108 Mbps*
Wireless
Router
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
MIMO
Technology
FTTH
compatible
Superior
range
108 Mbps*
Notebook
Adapter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
MIMO
Technology
32-bit
CardBus
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
MAC
Address
Filtering
Dynamic
Packet
Filtering
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
Fastest
Througput
Available
Intrusion
Detector
SPI
Firewall
DHCP
Server
4-Port
10/100
Switch
Full
Featured
Router
Wireless Broadband Router
Superior
range
Wireless Notebook Adapter
Wireless Signal Distance and Speed
Comparison Chart
(High Power Router vs. Standard 802.11g Router)
High Power Router
WHR-HP-G54
Equipped with a built-in signal amplifier, the
AirStation High Power Wireless Broadband
Router produces a true 60% increase in wireless
transmit power over a standard 802.11g wireless
router. Bridging of multiple units is possible
using WDS, and the boosted signal allows you to
broaden your network range even further.
125* HSM
Wireless
Router
WDS
Bridge/
Repeater
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Built-in
Signal
Amplifier
External
Antenna
Connector
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
SPI
Firewall
Privacy
Separator
Dynamic
Packet
Filtering
Intrusion
Detector
Auto
Channel
Selection
DHCP
Server
4-port
10/100
Switch
Full
Featured
Router
WLI-CB-G54HP
Equipped with a built-in signal amplifier,
the Buffalo High Power Wireless Notebook
Adapter produces a 35% increase in wireless
transmit power over a standard 802.11g
adapter. Compatible with any 802.11g or 11b
wireless access point, but use a WZR-HP-G54
for optimal results.
125* HSM
Notebook
Adapter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Built-in
Signal
Amplifier
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
32-bit
CardBus
802.11g Router
35
330 ft.
30
25
20
15
198 ft.
10
5
0
150 300 450 600
750
900
1050 1200 1350 1500 1650 1800 1950 2100
Distance (ft.)
Testing Environment:
PC1 (Client): Celeron® 1.6 GHz; 112 MB of RAM
OS: Windows XP Professional SP1 / CardBus: WLI-CB-G54S
PC2 (Server): Celeron® 1.8 GHz; 256 MB of RAM
OS: Windows XP Professional SP1 / AP: WZR-HP-G54
C2 --> PC1 FTP File Transfer Rate Measured.
FrameBurst® and FrameBurst EX® (125 High-Speed Mode) Used.
(Tested by Buffalo Inc.)
*Singal distance and speed varies depending on the testing environment.
External
Antenna
Connector
Wireless Secure Remote Gateway – Take your network with you wherever you go!
With a built-in PPTP Server, setting up VPN connections is a snap, allowing you to securely connect to your home network
from anywhere in the world. With the unique Network Service List, you can select a network device that you want to
access or remotely control easily and securely. Wake-on LAN support means that you can even power up machines that
are shut down. Unlike other solutions the remote control software is completely free and easy to setup. High Speed
Mode wireless networking and AOSS make this a fast, secure and easy to use full-featured wireless router.
125* HSM
Wireless
Router
WDS
Bridge/
Repeater
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Auto
Channel
Selection
Dynamic
DNS
File Sharing
over PPTP
4-port
10/100
Switch
Wake-on
LAN
External
Antenna
Connector
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
SPI
Firewall
Privacy
Separator
Intrusion
Detector
PPTP
Server
Optimized
WAN/LAN
Routing
DHCP
Server
PoE
Support
WZR-RS-G54
Wireless Cable/DSL Smart Router
WHR-G54S
Wireless Notebook Adapter
Throughput (Mbps)
High Power Series
MIMO Series
™
Automatically sets up your Cable or DSL Internet
connection. Includes an external switch to
change between wireless Router orAccess Point.
Combines blazingly fast wireless performance
with AOSS technology for fast, easy, and secure
wireless connections. Fully compatible with both
802.11g and 11b wireless client adapters.
Wireless Desktop PCI Adapter
WLI2-PCI-G54S
For use in any desktop PC with an available PCI
slot. The antenna can be detached if the location
of the computer requires an antenna upgrade.
The low profile design allows the card to be
installed into even the tightest computer spaces.
AOSS supported, so setup only takes a matter of
seconds using Buffalo's Client Manager utility.
125* HSM
Wireless
Router
WDS
Bridge/
Repeater
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
PoE
Support
External
Router/AP
Switch
125* HSM
PCI Adapter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Low profile
design saves
space
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
SPI
Firewall
Internet
Connection
Auto Setup
Compact
Design
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
Intrusion
Detector
Auto
Channel
Selection
DHCP
Server
Wall Mount
Option
4-Port
Full
Featured
10/100
Switch
Router
Antenna
Adapter
Included
External
Antenna
Connector
Wireless Notebook Adapter
WLI-CB-G54S
Using High Speed Mode technology, the G54S
provides blazing data transfer speed, but
it's still simple to setup using Buffalo's AOSS
technology. The external antenna connector
enables the attachment of a high gain
antenna, so you can go further and faster
than ever before.
125* HSM
Notebook
Adapter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Internal
diversity
antennas
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
32-bit
CardBus
External
Antenna
Connector
802.11g/11b Series
Networking Solutions
Wireless Intelligent Access Point
Wireless Compact Repeater Bridge
Advanced security with 802.1x/EAP, for RADIUS
Server authentication. SNMP support allows
advanced administration. WDS capabilities
for bridging signal with up to 6 other access
points. Superior internal hardware with the
WLM2-G54 Motorola' MPC8241 processor.
An industry favorite due to its compact size and
powerful radio, this access point functions as
either a repeater or a bridge. Partner it with
a WDS enabled Airstation wireless router to
bridge your network from one building to the
next or repeat the signal to eliminate deadspots
within your existing wireless network.
54 Mbps* WDS Bridge/
Repeater
Access Point
SNMP
Support
PoE
Ready
External
Antenna
Connector
Spanning
Tree
Protocol
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
MAC
Address
Filtering
Roaming
Support
4-Port
10/100
Switch
802.11b
compatible
Wall
RADIUS
Mountable
Support
RADIUS
Server
Support
Wireless Cable/DSL Router
Offering fast 54 Mbps* 802.11g wireless
performance, this economical solution
is packed with features including WPA,
Dynamic DNS and an SPI firewall. A small
form factor allows it to be placed in areas
other wireless routers can't be placed.
WYR-G54
WLA2-G54C
54 Mbps* WDS Bridge/
Access Point Repeater
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
PoE
Support
External
Antenna
Connector
Roaming
Support
3.3V AC
Adapter
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
MAC
Address
Filtering
Low profile
design
802.11b
compatible
Wall
Mountable
WRB2-G54K
Including a WBR2-G54 router and a WLA2-G54C
compact bridge with factory preconfigured
repeating settings in place, the range of your
wireless network is increased the moment these
partnered devices are plugged in. Additional
bridges can be added to further increase the
coverage of this out of the box solution.
4-port
10/100
Switch
DHCP
Server
SPI
Firewall
Optimized
WAN/LAN
Routing
54 Mbps*
Bridge Kit
WDS Bridge/
Repeater
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Factory
configured
repeating
External
Antenna
Connector
WPA
TKIP
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
Dynamic
DNS
Full
Featured
Router
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
Roaming
Support
Full
Featured
Router
WLI-CB-G54A
When products from any vendor are tested for
802.11g compliance, they are tested against this
card. The WLI-CB-G54A was the first consumer
card certified for 802.11g and it is a member of
the office testbed for 802.11g and WPA testing.
The external antenna connector allow quick
connection of an antenna to maximize range.
54 Mbps*
Notebook
Adapter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Physical
Security
Lock
32-bit
CardBus
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
Diversity
Antenna
External
Antenna
Connector
WLA2-G54L
Wireless Notebook Adapter
WLI2-CB-G54L
With AOSS One-Touch Setup, WPA level
security and easy installation, the WLI2CB-G54 offers a quick upgrade to 802.11g
networking. Two internal diversity antennas,
make sure that your wireless communications
are fast and hassle free.
54 Mbps*
Notebook
Adapter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
32-bit
CardBus
802.11b
compatible
Diversity
Antenna
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
PoE
Support
External
Antenna
Connector
Roaming
Support
3.3V AC
Adapter
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
MAC
Address
Filtering
4-port
10/100
Switch
802.11b
compatible
Wall
Mountable
Wireless Startup Kit
WBR2-G54PK
Including a 54 Mbps* router (WBR2-G54) and
a WLI2-CB-G54L notebook adapter, this router/
client kit provides an instant wireless network
with expansion simple and quick as needed.
Industry best security with AOSS supported on
both products means your secured high speed
network is a couple of button pushes away.
54 Mbps*
Router/Client WDS Bridge/
Repeater
Kit
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Roaming
Support
802.11b
54 Mbps*
compatible Access Point
External
Antenna
Connector
54 Mbps*
Notebook
Adapter
Wireless Desktop PCI Adapter
WLI2-PCI-G54
For use in any desktop PC with an available PCI
slot. The antenna can be detached if the location
of the computer requires an antenna upgrade.
The low profile design allows the card to be
installed into even the tightest computer spaces.
AOSS supported, so setup only takes a matter of
seconds using Buffalo's Client Manager utility.
AOSS
54 Mbps*
One-Touch
PCI Adapter
Setup
WPA
TKIP/AES
Wireless USB Adapter
Wireless Ethernet Converter
Including a built-in 4-port 10/100 switch to
enable wired clients on the network, this
wireless router supports WDS for point-topoint and point-to-multipoint bridging and
the industry's toughest security standards.
With AOSS built-in, adding secure AOSS
clients takes literally only seconds.
54 Mbps* WDS Bridge/
Access Point
Repeater
Wireless Router & Repeater Kit
54 Mbps*
Access Point
Wireless Notebook Adapter
Wireless Bridge Access Point
WEP
128/64 bit
Low profile
design saves
space
Antenna
Adapter
Included
External
Antenna
Connector
802.11b
compatible
Wireless USB Keychain Adapter
®
December 10, 2004
Buffalo AirStation 54 Mbps
Wireless USB Keychain Adapter
WLI3-TX1-G54
Convert any Ethernet enabled device into a
802.11g client any a matter of seconds. Printers,
game consoles, hubs or any other device with
an Ethernet port can be instantly upgraded
with wireless connectivity. AOSS only makes it
easier with a push of the AOSS button located
on the side of the Ethernet Converter.
54 Mbps*
Ethernet
Converter
AOSS
One-Touch
Setup
Operating No software
System
needed for
independent installation
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
802.11b
compatible
External
Antenna
Connector
Works on
Wall Mount
any Ethernet
Option
Device
WLI2-USB2-G54
Compatible with both USB 2.0 and 1.1, the
G54 USB Adapter offers an external antenna
that allows your Windows PC to participate
in your wireless network faster and farther.
Installs in only minutes without having to
open the computer case.
AOSS
54 Mbps*
One-Touch
USB Adapter
Setup
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
USB 2.0 /1.1
compatible
Wall Mount
Option
External
Antenna
Connector
802.11b
compatible
USB Cable
Included
Bus
Powered
WLI-U2-KG54-AI
Small enough to keep in your pocket, yet
blazing fast with 802.11g wireless networking,
the Keychain Adapter automatically installs
itself without needing to click any buttons. Once
complete AOSS can finish up the configuration
in seconds. This USB adapter is the winner of PC
Magazine's coveted Editor's Choice award!
AOSS
54 Mbps*
One-Touch
USB Adapter
Setup
WPA
TKIP/AES
WEP
128/64 bit
USB 2.0 /1.1
compatible
Automatic
Installation
Compact
Design
802.11b
compatible
Bus
Powered
USB Cable
Included
Antennas & Accessories
5.4 dBi Indoor Compact
Directional Antenna
9 dBi Indoor High Gain
Directional Antenna
Supporting 2.4 GHz 802.11g/11b wireless client
adapters and access points with MC or RP/TNC
antenna interfaces, the WLE-DA2 allows the
focusing of your wireless signal with a huge
added signal amplification. Increase wireless
performance through obstacles or long ranges
by adding one to both sides of a connection.
WLE-DA2
9.0 dBi signal
gain prior to
cable loss
2.4 GHz
frequency
MC-type antenna
interface (MC to RP/TNC
connector included)
50 ohms
resistance
9 foot
cable
Adjustable
antenna
pitch
Mountable
Directionally focused 75
or desktop
degree signal propagation
design
Supporting 2.4 GHz 802.11g/11b wireless
client adapters and access points with MC
or RP/TNC antenna interfaces, the WLE-MYG
allows fine tuning of its focused directional
signal with its unique desktop or mountable
design. A short cable length makes it a great,
no mess notebook adapter solution.
WLE-MYG
5.4 dBi signal
gain prior to
cable loss
2.4 GHz
frequency
MC-type antenna
interface (MC to RP/TNC
connector included)
7 dBi Outdoor Omni
Directional Antenna
7.0 dBi signal
gain prior to
cable loss
Mountable
or desktop
design
1 foot
cable
Rotatable on
both X and
Y axis
Directionally focused 60
degree horizontal or vertical signal propagation
14 dBi Outdoor
Directional Antenna
WLE-HG-DYG
2.4 GHz
frequency
50 ohms
resistance
Clamping
N-type cable connector
(compatible with WLE-LNC hardware for
pole mount.
pigtail converter)
Cabling sold
separately
Up to .75
mile range
Omnidirectional
360 degree signal
propagation
Pigtail Connector
WLE-HG-NDR
6.5 dBi signal
gain prior to
cable loss
14 dBi signal
gain prior to
cable loss
2.4 GHz
frequency
50 ohms
resistance
Cabling sold
separately
Up to 1.9
mile range
Directionally focused 60
Clamping
N-type cable connector
(compatible with WLE-LNC hardware for degree horizontal or verpole mount. tical signal propagation
pigtail converter)
Outdoor Antenna Cables
Converts the AirStation access point MC
connector to an N-type connector for
attaching outdoor LNC antenna cables.
Female N-Type connector rated at 50
ohms of resistance.
Sealed LMR-400 cables available in varying
lengths to connect an outdoor antenna
to a WLE-LNC pigtail connector. Male NType connectors on each end. For indoor
or outdoor usage. Rated at 50 ohms
resistance.
Supporting 2.4 GHz 802.11g/11b wireless
client adapters and access points with MC or
RP/TNC antenna interfaces, the WLE-HG-NDR
boosts signal in all directions to encompass
large buildings or open spaces with strong
wireless connections. Easy to mount on a wall
or simply place on a flat surface.
2.4 GHz
frequency
MC-type antenna
interface (MC to RP/TNC
connector included)
50 ohms
resistance
Mountable
or desktop
design
Adjustable
antenna
pitch
Omnidirectional
360 degree signal
propagation
Receiver –
WLE-POE-R33
Supply –
WLE-POE-S
Kit –
WLE-POE-K33
Eliminating the need for an electrical
outlet in the vicinity of access points and
enabling greater freedom in selecting the
optimum location for access points, PoE
units provide AC power to 3.3V AirStation
access points up to 300 feet over CAT5
Ethernet cable. Available as single units
or as a kit.
300 feet
maximum
range
802.3/802.3u
standards
compliant
5V AC
adapter
Simultaneous transmission
of data and electrical current
over a single CAT5 cable
3.3V AC
power
delivery
Outdoor Antenna Pole
Mounting Brackets
Antenna Wall Mount Kits for use with AirStation Pro outdoor
antennas (WLE-HG-DYG/WLE-HG-NDC). Robust coated iron
construction withstands severe outdoor elements.
WLE-CC5 - 5 meters
WLE-CC10 - 10 meters
WLE-CC20 - 20 meters
WLE-LNC
WLE-KG-VPA
Antenna Wall Mount Kits
Mount your AirStation high on walls for
improved coverage and range. An extra
long ten foot AC adapter is included.
WLE-WK33, WLE-WK
360 degree
signal boost
Power over Ethernet (PoE)
This 14 dBi directional antenna extends the
range of your wireless network environment
up to 2 miles. It may be used to communicate
between buildings or for other point-to-point
and point-to-multipoint configurations. For
use with WLE-CC5, WLE-CC10 and WLE-CC20.
This 7 dBi antenna extends the range of
your wireless network environment. It may
be used to communicate between buildings
or for other point-to-point and point-tomultipoint configurations. For use with WLECC5, WLE-CC10 and WLE-CC20 cable.
WLE-HG-NDC
50 ohms
resistance
6.5 dBi Indoor High Gain
Omni Antenna
WLE-KG-VPB
Wireless Distribution System
Buffalo Technology products support WDS (Wireless Distribution System) bridging
technology for wireless LAN connectivity. Point-to-point or point-to-multipoint solutions
using optional 2.4 GHz outdoor high gain antennas are possible with most AirStation
802.11g and 802.11b
wireless access points
and routers. Wireless
repeating delivers
healthy wireless
coverage to areas that
would otherwise be
deadspots without
wireless connectivity
Repeater
Point-to-Point
Point-to-Multipoint
to your network.
W
W
LA
2
W
BR
2G5
4P
K
-G
5
LM
2G5
4
4C
4L
LA
2
W
W
W
ZR
-G
1
YR
-G
5
-G
5
4
08
-G
5
W
W
ZR
-H
P
BR
2G5
ZR
-R
SG5
4S
4
W
Routers & Access Points
4
Comparison Chart
™
802.11b Compatible •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
802.11g Compatible
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
125* High-Speed Mode™ Support •
•
•
MIMO (Multi In, Multi Out)
•
Frame Bursting •
•
•
•
•
•
•
Centrino Verified •
• •
•
Wi-Fi Certified
•
•
•
•
•
AOSS™ Support •
•
•
• •
AOSS Button Position side back side
back back
Bridge/Repeater Mode (WDS)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Roaming •
•
•
• •
•
•
•
Auto Channel Support •
•
•
Dynamic DNS •
•
External Antenna Connector •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Built-in DHCP Server
•
•
•
•
• •
Built-in DHCP Client •
•
•
Built-in 4-port 10/100 Switch •
•
•
•
•
• •
Output Power Setting •
•
•
•
•
•
•
Access Scheduler •
Syslog Support •
•
•
•
•
•
•
UPnP •
•
•
• •
PPPoE Support •
•
•
•
•
•
Security
WEP 128/64-bit WPA-TKIP WPA-AES RADIUS SPI Firewall (Intrusion Detector)
NAT Support MAC Address Filtering Dynamic Packet Filtering Privacy Separator •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-A
54
4
802.11b Compatible •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
802.11g Compatible •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
125* High-Speed Mode™ Support •
•
•
MIMO (Multi In, Multi Out)
•
Frame Bursting
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wi-Fi Certified •
•
•
•
•
•
•
AOSS™ Support •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
External Antenna Connector •
•
•
• •
•
•
Apple Compatible •
•
• •
•
Auto Installer •
2LI2
-U
W
W
LI2
-U
SB
2-
KG
G5
54
-G
X1
W
LI3
-T
CI
-G
54
4L
W
LI2
-C
B-
-G
CB
LIW
W
LI2
-P
G5
A
54
8
10
-G
CB
CB
LIW
W
LI-
-G
-G
-P
CI
LI2
W
LI-
54
54
S
54
CB
-G
W
Client Adapters
HP
S
I
•
•
•
•
•
Security
WEP 128/64-bit WPA-TKIP WPA-AES Physical Security Lock •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• •
•
•
*54 Mbps is the IEEE 802.11g standard theoretical maximum data transfer rate. Actual wireless network throughput is limited by environmental and system factors and will be less.
†When operating in High-Speed Mode™, this Wi-Fi device achieves an actual throughput of up to 34.1 Mbps, which is the equivalent throughput of a system following 802.11g protocol and operating at a
rate of 125 Mbps.
About Buffalo Technology
Buffalo Technology (USA), Inc. is a leading global provider of award-winning networking, memory, storage and
multimedia solutions for home and small business environments. With almost three decades of networking and
computer peripheral experience, Buffalo has proven its commitment to delivering innovative, best-of-breed
solutions that have put the company at the forefront of infrastructure technology. For more information about
Buffalo Technology and its products, please visit www.buffalotech.com.
Buffalo Technology Networking Product Line - AirStation™
Buffalo Technology Storage Product Line - LinkStation™, DriveStation™, TeraStation™
Buffalo Technology Multimedia Product Line - LinkTheater™
AirStation One-Touch Secure System™
Buffalo Technology’s AirStation product
line offers award-winning, affordable,
high performance wireless networking
solutions to consumers in the SMB, SOHO
and home markets. AirStation's OneTouch Secure System, AOSS™, makes
configuring a secure, high speed wireless
network in your home or office as easy as
pushing a button. AOSS automatically
detects and configures each AOSS enabled
device and seamlessly creates secure
connections. As additional AOSS clients
are added, security is negotiated to the
highest possible level for all devices on
your wireless network.
AOSS™ - One Click. One Touch. Done.
(1) Press the AOSS button on the access
point to initiate the AOSS session.
(2) Click on the AOSS icon in the
Buffalo Client Manager software.
Cable/DSL
Modem
Wireless Router
Done - A secure connection is automatically established
between the access point and the wireless client.
Wireless notebook
with wireless
notebook adapter
Buffalo Technology Worldwide
Buffalo, Inc., Nagoya, Japan (Headquarters)
www.buffalo.jp
Buffalo, Inc. (China)
www.buffalo-china.com
Buffalo Technology (Germany)
www.buffalo-technology.de
Buffalo Technology (Ireland)
www.buffalotech.co.uk
Buffalo Technology (Korea)
www.buffalotech.co.kr
Buffalo Technology (Taiwan)
www.buffalo-tech.com.tw
Buffalo Technology (UK), Ltd., United Kingdom www.buffalotech.co.uk
Buffalo Technology (USA), Inc.
www.buffalotech.com
www.buffalotech.com
© Buffalo Technology (USA), Inc., Buffalo Technology, Buffalo Technology logo and AOSS logo are registered trademarks of Buffalo Technology (USA), Inc. The names and logos of other companies mentioned herein
belong to their respective owners.