RV-6_2_poh - AnythingAboutAviation
Transcription
RV-6_2_poh - AnythingAboutAviation
EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT PILOT OPERATING HANDBOOK RV-6A N86CG CONTENTS General Limitations Emergency Procedures Normal Operations Performance Weight and Balance Systems Description Handling, Servicing and Maintenance Flight Check Lists Equipment List Torque Tables Systems Diagrams Manual Revision Date: 5/27/01 Kit Manufacturer and Model: Van’s RV-6A Aircraft Registration Number: N86CG 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Serial Number: 60135 This aircraft is amateur-built and is certificated in the Experimental category. This handbook, while believed to be complete and accurate at the time of publication, may not contain ALL of the information needed to safely operate the aircraft described. By virtue of its Experimental amateur-built status, all persons entering this aircraft do so at their own risk. First Flight: 3rd June ’00, KETB, West Bend, WI Builder/Owner: By: Chris Good Chris Good EAA#: 504532 5580 West Lake Drive West Bend, WI 53095 2 3 1.0 GENERAL 1.1 AIRFRAME SPECIFICATIONS Length: 20' Height: 72" Cabin Height: 41" Cabin Width: 43" Cabin Length: 41" Wing Span: 22'-11.5" Wing Area: 110 ft2 Wing Airfoil Type: NACA 23013.5 Wing Loading: 17.27 lb/ft2 Wing Lift Coefficient: 0.3 Wing Aspect Ratio: 4.75 Wing Incidence: 1° Wing Washout: 0° Wing Dihedral: 3.5° Zero Lift Drag Coefficient: 0.021 Max Lift Coefficient: 2.136 Calculated Aerodynamic Center (AC): 39% MAC Flap Travel: 0 to 45° down Aileron Travel: 28° up, 15° down Main Gear Track: 82" Wheel Base: 54.5" Nose Gear Breakout Force: 22 to 25 lb @ 7.375" (axle) Flat Plate Area: 2.35 ft2 Tail Group Airfoil Type: NACA 0009 Horizontal Stabilizer Span: 106.25" Horizontal Stabilizer Incidence: 0° Elevator Travel: 28° up, 22° down Rudder Travel: ±33° from center 4 1.2 INSTRUMENT READINGS Manifold Pressure Range: 14 to 31 inHg Engine Idle: 750 to 850 rpm Mixture Lean Increase: 20 rpm L/R Mag Drop @ 1800 rpm: <200 rpm Exhaust Gas Temperature [Max]: 1200°F to 1500°F [1650°F] Cylinder Head Temperature [Max]: 200°F to 432°F [500°F] Fuel Pressure Ideal [Range]: 5 psi [0.5 to 9 psi] Oil Pressure Range [Idle]: 65 to 95 psi [>25 psi] Cruise Oil Temperature Ideal [Range]: 180°F [140 to 245°F] Bus Voltage: 14 ± 0.2 VDC Gyro Suction: 5 ± 0.5 inHg Carburetor Air Temp (CAT): >5°C if icing conditions exist Cruise Fuel Flow: 6 to 11 gph Cruise Power Settings Guide (Note: All figures are approximate) %PWR SQ Fuel (gph) Max Range (nm) TAS (Kts) 50 642 22.0 6.9 117 55 639 22.5 7.6 128 60 633 23.0 8.3 138 65 617 23.5 9.0 146 70 596 24.0 9.7 152 75 572 24.5 10.4 157 Airspeed Indicator Markings: White Arc: Bottom VS0 48 Kts Top VFE 87 Kts Green Arc: Bottom VS1 52 Kts Top VNO: 157 Kts Blue Line: VA 117 Kts Red Line: VNE 183 Kts 5 2.0 LIMITATIONS (Sea Level, ISA, IAS @ UTILITY GROSS WT) 2.1 TAKEOFF DISTANCE, HARD SURFACE No Flaps, No Wind: 700 ft To Clear 50 ft Obstacle: 900 ft 2.2 LANDING DISTANCE, HARD SURFACE Flaps @ 40°, No Wind: 800 ft To Clear 50 ft Obstacle: 1400 ft 2.3 OTHER LIMITATIONS Empty Weight: 1068 lb Utility Gross Weight (@+4.4/-3 g): 1750 lb Utility Useful Load: 682 lb Baggage Capacity: 100 lb max [15 ft3] Service Ceiling: 20,000 ft Design Ultimate Load Factors @ Aerobatic Gross Weight: +9/-6 g Aerobatic Gross Weight (@+6/-4 g): 1375 lb Aerobatic Useful Load: 307 lb Never Exceed (VNE): 183 Kts Maximum Direct Crosswind Component: 15 Knots Minimum Turning Circle: 28'-6" Engine Redline: 2700 rpm Fuel Capacity: 37.5 gal Usable THIS AIRCRAFT IS APPROVED FOR POSITIVE g AEROBATIC OPERATIONS. INTENTIONAL SPINS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED, AS AIRSPEED TENDS TO BUILD RAPIDLY IN THIS AIRCRAFT. 6 3.0 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.1 Fire. Electrical and fuel are the two most common sources of fire. In the event of fire while on the ground, set Master-OFF, Mags-OFF, Mixture-IDLE CUTOFF, Fuel-OFF and clear the aircraft. For inflight fire, attempt to ascertain the cause. If an electrical fire, set Master-OFF. If a fuel fire, set Master-OFF, Mags-OFF, MixtureIDLE CUTOFF and Fuel-OFF. Execute an Emergency landing immediately and clear the aircraft. A small Halon extinguisher is mounted inside the cabin. 3.2 Engine Roughness. Modern aircraft engines are durable and seldom fail catastrophically without advance warning (erratic/lowering oil or fuel pressures, unusual/excessive mechanical noise, rising oil and/or cylinder head temperatures, etc.). If these are experienced, the flight should be promptly aborted, and the problem corrected prior to further flight. Pilot induced failures are more common (carb ice, fuel starvation, improper use of controls, poor fuel management). If the engine begins to run roughly, especially at partial throttle settings, suspect carb icing and set Carb Heat-ON until normal operation is restored. Readjust Carb Heat to maintain >5°C on the CAT gauge for best performance and continued protection against carb ice formation as long as conditions warrant, then set Carb Heat-OFF. If carb ice is not the problem, check Mags-BOTH, set Boost Pump-ON, Mixture-ENRICHEN and Fuel-SWITCH TANKS. If these actions fail to correct the roughness, make a precautionary landing as soon as possible. DO NOT attempt to further troubleshoot the problem in the air. Avoid vapor lock in the fuel system by being aware of the conditions which can promote it, running the Boost Pump for >5 minutes and verifying that fuel pressure has stabilized prior to takeoff. 7 3.3 Engine Failure. In the event of inflight engine stoppage, setup for best glide (VGLIDE) and continue to fly the aircraft. Then set MixtureRICH, Fuel-SWITCH TANKS, Boost Pump-ON, Mags-BOTH, and attempt engine restart if there is time. If failure occurs during departure, DO NOT turn back to the airport unless you are certain that a safe landing can be made. Below 1000 ft AGL, it is often preferable to land nearly straight ahead, if feasible. DO NOT hesitate to declare an Emergency with ATC in order to report position, request vectors to the nearest safe landing site and/or to obtain a priority landing clearance. Announce Emergencies on 121.50 MHz. 3.4 Engine Out Approach. At best glide (VGLIDE), for every 1000 ft of altitude AGL the aircraft will travel about 1.75 miles (at 764 fpm sink rate). This is less than a 5° glide angle. A stopped prop produces more drag than a windmilling one, so the actual distance may be less. Plan a good approach and stick with the plan. Set final flaps after the landing site is made. Setup the final approach at 70 Kts (no slower). Prepare for any off-airport landing by setting Master-OFF, Mags-OFF and Fuel-OFF to reduce the chances of fire. Land and promptly clear the aircraft. 3.5 Crash Concepts. Pilots flying VFR flight plans stand a better chance of timely rescue in remote areas than those who are not. Activate ELT manually during the Emergency approach. Touchdown with the least forward speed and sink rate consistent with good aircraft controllability. Sacrifice non-vital aircraft structures if helpful in reducing damage to vital structures surrounding occupants. Land on vegetation (brush or dense crops) or pass between two trees to break the landing roll. Endeavor to contact the ground in a nearly flat attitude. If ditching over water, don emergency life vests, if available, and prepare for egress. Land in the direction of the swell on the backside or across the swell at the crest and as near the shore as possible. Perform a full stall landing with tail contacting first. A snow landing should be approached in similar fashion. 3.6 Inflight Canopy Opening. The sliding canopy opening in flight need not be a catastrophic event. Continue to maintain control of the aircraft and slow the forward speed to <85 Kts to minimize wind blast. If it is then possible to close the canopy, do so. If not, make a precautionary landing and correct the situation on the ground. 8 3.7 Main Brake Failure. As the main gear brakes are the primary means of directional control below 20 mph, landing with one brake out poses a special kind of problem. If possible, select a runway with a crosswind coming from the side of the failed brake. The aircraft will weather-vane into the crosswind and by careful application of the remaining good downwind brake, adequate directional control can be maintained. If it is inevitable that the aircraft will exit the runway surface and enter rough terrain or strike an obstacle, a ground loop performed using the remaining brake may be the better option and should be considered. 3.8 Alternator Failure. The Low Volts lamp illuminates when main bus voltage is less than 13VDC, indicating that the alternator is producing insufficient energy to run accessories and/or charge the battery. Although this is not necessarily an Emergency during the day, it can be critical to continued safe flight at night. Set all external lights-OFF to shed high lighting loads. Cycle the alternator field switch to see if the alternator will come back on-line. If alternator output is not restored, the remaining battery power will need to be rationed for the remainder of the flight. Turn OFF the alternator field. Close the emergency master by-pass switch, then set Master-OFF to shed the Master contactor load. Set any unneeded appliances OFF as feasible. Be aware that transponder cycle time can be as long as 5 minutes and the four GPS/Comm startup pages each need to be acknowledged (using ENT key) following restoration of power. Endeavor to reduce the load on the battery to the maximum practical extent. Determine the proper flight termination strategy and implement it based on an honest assessment of the current situation. Contact ATC as necessary to request assistance and safely terminate the flight as soon as feasible. 3.9 Master Contactor Failure. If power to all systems is abruptly lost, suspect Master contactor failure. Although this is not necessarily an Emergency during the day, it can be a shock when it happens at night. Close the emergency master by-pass switch, then set MasterOFF. All systems will be restored except starter capability. 3.10 Go-Around. Carb Heat-OFF, Throttle-FULL, Flaps-RETRACT TO ½ (then remove balance of flaps slowly when able). Side-step the runway if possible and re-establish normal pattern flight on the crosswind leg. Communicate situation or intentions as necessary. 9 4.0 NORMAL OPERATIONS 4.1 Ground Handling. Use towbar or tug on nose gear front cap head screws to manually position the aircraft. DO NOT push or pull on control surfaces. 4.2 Boarding. Complete the preflight checklist prior to boarding. Board by placing the inboard foot on the step and swinging the outboard foot onto the anti-skid coated wing walk area. Note: Applying flaps aids entry and egress. DO NOT step on flaps or any other wing surfaces beyond the anti-skid material. Unlock the key lock on the left side of the fuselage and rotate the access handle on top clockwise to release the sliding canopy latch. Open canopy fully prior to entering. Grasp roll over bar center brace and step onto the seat. Swing feet forward onto the floor and sit down. Secure harnesses and don headsets. 4.3 Pilot and Passenger Position. Pilots and passengers from 5'-2" to 6'-4" tall and from 100 to 250 lb can be accommodated with a combination of seatback position adjustments and use of seat booster pad(s). Correct positioning will normally place the head within 2 to 4" of the canopy. 4.4 Cold Engine Start. Preheat engine as necessary in cold climates. Complete the startup checklist. Prime for 4 seconds, hold brakes, clear the prop area and start engine. Oil pressure should come up within 20 seconds. Lean the mixture aggressively during sustained idle to reduce the tendency for plug fouling. For all normal operations, the oil cooler door control should be left in the fully OPEN (forward) position unless a minimum cruise oil temperature of 180°F cannot be maintained. 4.5 Hot Engine Start. If a hot start within a short period of time is anticipated, open the oil dipstick access door after shutdown to reduce heat soak tendency in high heat ramp conditions. Shut the oil access door prior to engine start. Complete the startup checklist. Turn Boost Pump-ON. Do not prime, hold brakes, clear the prop area and start engine. Run-up engine for 5 minutes minimum with Boost Pump-ON and do not attempt takeoff until fuel pressure has stabilized. 10 4.6 Taxiing. All harnesses shall be secured prior to ground taxi operations. Taxiing may be performed with the sliding canopy open or closed depending on conditions. Taxi at a brisk walking pace using rudder and differential braking to steer the aircraft with the castoring nose wheel. Lean the mixture aggressively during taxi to reduce the tendency for plug fouling. 4.7 Normal Takeoff. Complete the run-up check-list prior to take-off. Set elevator pitch trim and aileron roll trim to their center positions for takeoff. Ensure that the canopy is closed and latched prior to takeoff. Apply throttle smoothly (three second count) and ensure engine reaches full takeoff rpm (2650 to 2700 rpm) prior to rotation. As the aircraft accelerates, use rudder as necessary to maintain directional control. Maintain slight aft stick pressure to relieve weight on the nose gear. When passing thru rotation speed (VR), rotate smoothly, then establish an appropriate climb attitude. Avoid the tendency to over-rotate. Be aware that dynamic hydroplaning on wet runways begins around 57 mph IAS on this aircraft. 4.8 Crosswind Takeoff. Preferred technique is to hold aileron into the wind and use downwind rudder. In severe gusty crosswind conditions, apply the downwind brake intermittently and allow the aircraft to accelerate between applications. The takeoff run can be extended by 50% or more in the presence of a strong crosswind. For crosswind components above 10 mph, add 5 mph plus ½ the gust speed to normal rotation speed and raise the nose more abruptly to achieve a clean lift-off without side-skip. 4.9 Short Field Takeoff and/or Obstacle Clearance. Reduce gross weight as much as is feasible and ensure that the aircraft CG is nominal. Ensure that the engine oil is fully warmed up and lean as necessary for best power (max rpm) above 5000 ft PA. Apply 10 to 15° of flaps. Using all of the available runway, align the aircraft with the centerline and hold full brakes while applying full power. Release brakes and use minimum differential braking for directional control. Rotate at VR and climb at best angle (VX) until any obstacle is cleared, then slowly retract flaps and establish an appropriate climb attitude. 11 4.10 Rough or Soft Field Conditions. The aircraft gear is suitable for operation from turf runways, however, the use of excessively soft, rough, gravel or unprepared surfaces should be approached with caution. If a takeoff must be made from such a marginal surface, reduce the gross weight as much as possible, taxi onto the runway without stopping, apply full power, hold back stick and attempt to rotate as soon as possible. Release stick back pressure after lift off and accelerate in “ground effect” until adequate climb airspeed is achieved, then establish an appropriate climb attitude. In the presence of sloping runway conditions, it may be preferable to takeoff downhill, even though there may be a slight tailwind present. 4.11 High Density Altitude. Pay attention to runway length limitations and limit gross weight as feasible. Always lean for best power at pressure altitudes exceeding 5000 ft. Refer to charts in Section 5.0. 4.12 Climb. Best angle of climb (VX) is achieved at 90 mph IAS. Best rate of climb (VY) is achieved at 105 mph IAS. A cruise-climb of 120 mph IAS at 25 square is recommended for best cooling and increased forward visibility. Set Boost Pump-OFF when above 1000 ft AGL. 4.13 Cruise. Depending on weather and other factors, higher cruising altitudes (10,500 to 17,500 ft MSL) will allow for improved ground speeds and often less thermally induced turbulence. The maximum recommended continuous cruise power setting is 75% power (24 square) and best endurance is achieved between 55% and 65% power (21 to 22.5 square). At 75% power and below, the mixture may be leaned 150°F rich of peak EGT for best power and 100°F rich of peak EGT for best economy. Endeavor to switch tanks every 30 to 60 minutes over areas where a landing may be easily accomplished. Set Boost Pump-ON for a moment during tank changeover. Be aware of conditions which promote carburetor icing and adjust carb heat promptly as required to maintain an adequate air temperature, especially at low throttle settings in the presence of visible moisture. Adjust oil cooler door control as necessary to maintain oil temperature between 180 and 200°F for best performance and minimum moisture evaporation. 12 4.14 Low Speed Handling and Stall Behavior. The aircraft has good slow speed handling and the stall warning is a slight buffet, followed by a crisp break with moderate left wing drop. Stall recovery upon stick release is nearly instantaneous and the altitude loss can be held to as little as 100 to 150 ft. Control feel is light at all speeds. Rudder and ailerons are effective into the stall. Normal spin recovery techniques are effective. Caution: Fully developed recreational spins are not encouraged as downhill speed builds quickly in this aircraft. 4.15 Descent. Plan the descent well in advance of arrival, considering the cruising altitude and the elevation of the destination. Reduce power slowly to avoid shock cooling the engine and adjust the prop pitch such that a descent under power (>20 square) will not exceed limiting airframe speed (VNE). Start the descent about 6 miles (2 minutes) out for every 1000 ft of altitude loss required allowing for a nominal 500 fpm sink rate. 4.16 Operation in Congested Traffic Areas. Use landing light Wig/Wag feature in addition to strobes to enhance the visibility of this aircraft when operating in close proximity with other aircraft and particularly in congested traffic areas. Fly standard patterns and be especially vigilant when operating from non-towered airports. 4.17 Approach and Landing. Plan the arrival so that a normal pattern entry to the active runway can be made from the aircraft’s present position. Select a runway which (1) will minimize excessive tailwinds/crosswinds, (2) is of an adequate length, (3) has an adequate surface and (4) presents minimal downslope. Fly 90 Kts IAS on downwind, 80 Kts IAS on base and 70 Kts IAS on final. 65 Kts IAS may be used for final speed if there are no turbulent or gusty conditions. Flaps may be deployed below 87 Kts IAS to a maximum of 40°. Operate boost pump below 1000 ft AGL. Establish a 500 fpm sink rate on final approach. Round out a few feet above the landing surface, hold it off and touchdown on the main gear at about 55 Kts IAS. Hold aft stick as long as the elevator is effective to reduce loads on the nose gear. Use rudder and differential braking to steer during the roll out. 13 4.18 Crosswind Landings. Both the side-slip to landing or wings level crab techniques work well in this aircraft, although a slip is preferred to minimize side loading the gear. Maximum recommended crosswind component is 15 kts. 4.19 Ground Handling and Tie-Down. The aircraft handles easily using a common towbar or tug attached to the nose gear forward cap screws. The aircraft is equipped with a permanent tail tie down ring and two removable wing tie down rings. All are stainless steel. The wing tie-down structural supports are threaded 3/8"-16 UNC-2B and may serve as safe aircraft jacking points for performing gear maintenance. 4.20 Aerobatics. Entry speeds for various aerobatic maneuvers are as follows: Loops 120 to 165 Kts Immelmanns Aileron and Barrel Rolls Vertical Rolls Split-S 85 to 95 Kts 125 to 165 Kts 105 to 165 Kts 155 to 165 Kts 14 5.0 PERFORMANCE (Sea Level, ISA, IAS @ 1750 lbs Utility Gross Weight) Stall (½ to Full Flaps) (VSO): 42 Kts Stall (No Flaps) (VS1): 47 Kts Touchdown: 55 Kts Rotation (VR): 55 Kts Final Approach (Full Flaps) (VREF): 60-65 Kts Minimum Sink Rate: 750 fpm @ 80 Kts Best Angle of Climb (VX): 65 Kts Maximum Full Flap Extended (VFE): 87 Kts Best Rate of Climb (VY): 2000 fpm @ 75 Kts Best Glide (Max L/D=12.21) (VGLIDE): 80 Kts Cruise-Climb: 120 Kts Maneuvering (VA): 117 Kts Best Speed vs Drag (Carson’s Speed): 120 Kts Maximum Structural Cruise (VNO): 157 Kts Maximum Cruise (VMAX): 175 Kts 15 16 Press Altitude ft = Field Elevation ft + 27943.34 - (933.94 x Indicated Press inHg) 17 18 6.0 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Datum is 60" Forward of Wing Leading Edge (¼" forward of the tip of spinner). Weight is in pounds, arms in inches from Datum. CG RANGE: 15% to 29% MAC (MAC=58") Forward CG Limit: 68.70" Aft CG Limit: 76.80" Aerobatic Aft CG Limit: 75.37" Aircraft Empty Weight Left Gear Right Gear Nose Gear TOTAL Weight 388 394 286 1068 Arm 84.25 84.25 28.50 69.32 Moment 32689 33195 8151 74035 Weight 1068 228 180 174 100 1750 1522 Arm 69.32 70.00 87.40 87.40 117.00 75.79 76.66 Moment 74035 15960 15732 15208 11700 132634 116674 Aircraft at Gross Weight Empty weight Fuel (38 gallons) Pilot Passenger Baggage Totals Zero Fuel 19 Most Aft CG Weight 1068 30 180 210 100 1588 Arm 69.32 70.00 87.40 87.40 117.00 76.78 Moment 74035 2100 15732 18354 11700 121921 Empty weight Fuel (38 gallons) Pilot Passenger Baggage Totals Weight 1068 228 180 0 0 1476 Arm 69.32 70.00 87.40 87.40 117.00 71.63 Moment 74035 15960 15732 0 0 105727 Aerobatic (1375 lbs & 75.3 aft CG) Empty weight Fuel (21 gallons) Pilot Passenger Baggage Totals Weight 1068 126 180 0 0 1374 Arm 69.32 70.00 87.40 87.40 117.00 71.75 Moment 74035 8820 15732 0 0 98587 Empty weight Fuel (5 gallons) Pilot Passenger Baggage Totals Most Forward CG 20 Gross Weight CG Limits Aerobatic CG Limits 21 7.0 AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS DESCRIPTION 7.1 Airframe Description. This aircraft is of aluminum semimonocoque construction with steel corner weldments at critical support points. Primary fasteners are aircraft quality rivets, screws and bolts. Cowlings, Wing Tips and Fairings are polyester/glass. Fixed Wittman type tapered steel gear legs are used. Mains have additional vinylester/glass gear leg and intersection fairings. Two-piece wheel pants are polyester/glass two-piece types on aluminum mounts. Sliding canopy transparent surfaces are 3/16" thick acrylic. Exterior paint is DuPont Imron over DuPont primer and chromate chemical film. 7.2 Engine Description. The engine is a normally aspirated Lycoming O-360-A1A on a tubular 4130 chromolly steel Dynafocal 1 mount. No inverted fuel and oil systems are provided. Ignition is via two single magnetos, with the left magneto impulse coupled. Updraft carburetor, filtered airbox, prop governor, spin-on oil filter, oil cooler, low pressure mechanical fuel pump, vacuum pump, alternator and lightweight starter are provided. Throttle, Mixture and Carb Heat controls are of conventional design. A friction lock maintains the desired throttle position in flight. The exhaust system is a stainless steel crossover type. A separate carb heat muff on the front crossover pipe provides the necessary air temperature rise. A ratchet control located on the left of the instrument panel, adjusts the position of the oil cooler outlet door. 22 7.3 Propeller Description. The Sensenich fixed pitch prop, with a Sensenich aluminum spinner, has a 2700 RPM limit. 7.4 Cockpit Description. The cockpit provides side-by-side upright seating for pilot and passenger. Full dual flight controls with brakes are provided and the aircraft may be soloed from either side, although the standard configuration places the flight instruments in front of the left seat by default. Throttle, mixture, and carb heat controls are located on a center bracket at the bottom of the instrument panel. An oil cooler door control is located on the left of the instrument panel. Closing the oil cooler exit door is analogous to installing an engine winterization kit. 7.5 Flight Controls Description. Dual joysticks control roll and pitch. Controls are light and responsive and there is marked absence of adverse yaw. Aileron and Elevator actuation is via aluminum push/pull tubes. Dual hanging pedals control yaw. The rudder is cable operated and has a fixed trim wedge on the left side. The single axis Autopilot/Turn Coordinator (TC) is capable of wing leveling (WL) mode or GPS course tracking (TK) mode. Electric Flaps are equipped with a freewheeling (retracted and extended) linear actuator and a panel mounted momentary switch. 7.6 Trim System Description. The Electric Elevator trim servo is controlled with a left stick mounted momentary switch (Coolie hat type). An adjustable servo rate governor is mounted behind the instrument panel above the servo position indicator and is adjusted to provide a servo transport speed which suits average conditions. A panel mounted trim position indicator is provided, along with an additional control switch on the instrument subpanel for the co-pilot’s use. Aileron trim is controlled by a lever between the seats. This adjusts spring tension on the control sticks to bias the ailerons for trim. 23 7.7 Heating and Ventilation System Description. A single cabin heat vent in the right foot well area is controlled by a ratchet cable control located on the right side of the instrument panel. Adjustable ambient air diffusers are connected to two side mounted NACA ducts. Danger: The exhaust pipe surface is used as the heat source for cabin air. CO may enter thru the cabin heat system if cracks develop in the exhaust pipes within or near the heat muffs. The panel mounted CO detector must be replaced and the exhaust system inspected at regular intervals. 7.8 Oxygen System Description. N/a. 7.9 Fuel System Description. Fuel is carried in two 19 gallon individually selectable wing tanks. Unvented caps are used and the tanks are vented to two ram air pressurized ports located on the fuselage underside just aft of the firewall. The position of the fuel selector arrow point (not the handle) determines which tank is supplying fuel. LEFT, RIGHT and OFF positions with detents are provided. Fuel lines in the engine compartment are 3/8" Aeroquip AQP with firesleeve, Teflon with stainless steel jacketing or solid stainless. Fuel lines from the tanks to the firewall are 3/8" 5052-0 aluminum. A dual fuel quantity gauge is provided with float operated senders. This gauge is calibrated in two gallon increments, but is unable to register fuel above 15 gallons in each tank. The engine monitoring system includes a fuel flow & totaliser option. Caution: Fuel gauges are for reference only and are not to be considered linear or accurate. A Facet electric fuel boost pump is located in the cabin on the left side wall, plumbed between the fuel selector & the gascolator. This pump should be switched on for take-off, landing, and also for extended climbs if the fuel pressure drops below 1 PSI. Fuel taken from the gascolator is fed through a switch operated solenoid valve to prime the cylinders 1, 2 & 4 for cold starts. Standard atomizing primer fittings are used. 24 7.10 Brake System Description. Dual differential hydraulic brakes with shuttle valves are provided. Differential braking influences castoring nosewheel for taxi turning. 7.11 Instrumentation Description. Day/Night VFR & IFR instrumentation is provided. Outside Air Temperature (OAT) and Carburetor Air Temperature (CAT) gauge is available on the EIS 4000 Engine Monitor. A resettable accelerometer is also provided for monitoring airframe loading during all phases of flight. Instrument Panel 7.12 Radio Systems Description. An Avionics Master Switch provides power to the avionics bus GPS, Nav/Comm, Mode C Transponder, & voice activated Intercom systems are provided. Push-to-talk switches are provided on the joystick handles. Be aware that certain seldom used aircraft band frequencies can cause GPS reception problems. They are 121.125 thru 121.250 MHz, 121.750 MHz and 131.200 thru 131.350 MHz. The GPS signal may be lost and the unit may require rebooting after transmitting on one of the offending frequencies 25 7.13 Gyro Suction System Description. Power for attitude and directional gyros is provided by an engine driven suction pump. The bi-directional pump has a frangible coupling that is designed to separate if the rotor vanes break during operation. A suction regulator with garter filter as well as a pleated suction intake filter and suction gauge are provided. The attitude gyro is not cageable. 7.14 Electrical System Description. The electrical system is of conventional design and uses a switch operated battery master contactor to enable all electrical system functions. Standard two magneto ignition is provided. An alternate master bypass switch is available to power the avionics bus in the case of master contactor failure. The output of the 35 Amp alternator is controlled by an adjustable voltage regulator having crowbar overvoltage protection. The alternator B-lead is routed thru a 70A Fuse, while the alternator field is fed from a breaker on the instrument sub-panel. Caution: If power is lost to any or all systems, the affected gauges or indicators are not to be considered accurate. 7.15 Lighting System Description. Lighting is provided in the form of Strobes, Landing/Taxi, Position, Map and Instrument lamps. Landing/Taxi Lights are equipped with Wig/Wag flashing capability to enhance visibility of the aircraft, especially when in the airport traffic area. Instrument lamps are infinitely adjustable for brightness. Canopy deck mounted full swiveling map/instrument floods are provided as a backup for panel post lights. 26 8.0 HANDLING, SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE 8.1 CONSUMABLES Fuel: 38 gal of Aviation 100LL (Blue) Fuel Additive: TCP may be added for lead scavenging purposes Air Filter Element (clean and lube as needed): K&N E-3450 Spark Plug (8): Champion REM38E or REM40E @ .018" gap Exhaust Gasket (4): Blo-Proof 77611 Main Tire (2): McCreary 5.00-5, 6-ply @ 30 psi Main Wheel Bearings (4): Cleveland #214-00400 Nose Tire: Lamb 11.400-5, 6-ply @ 30 psi Brake Lining (4) and Rivet (12): Cleveland 66-106 Battery (life 2-3 yrs): Concorde RG-25 (12V 21Ah) ELT Battery (8) (life 3-4 yrs): Duracell MN1300 ELT Remote Panel Battery (life 4-6 yrs): Duracell PX28L Pleated Vacuum Filter (change as needed): Rapco RAD9-18-1 Vacuum Regulator Garter Filter (as needed): Rapco RAB3-5-1 Alternator Belt (change as needed): Gates 7355 Wing Position Lamp (2): AeroFlash Wing Strobe Tube: AeroFlash 8.2 LUBRICATION Oil (change every 50 hrs): 5 to 7 qt 20W-50 AD Oil Filter Element (change every 50 hrs max): Champion CH48110 Hydraulic Fluid: per MIL-H-5606 Nose Gear Swivel Grease: High Temp Bearing Grease Wheel Bearing Grease: High Temp Bearing Grease Accessory Spline Grease: High Temp Bearing Grease Rudder Pedal Pivot Grease: Lubriplate Flap Tube Pivot Grease: Lubriplate 27 8.3 MAINTENANCE (Caution: Always look for corrosion, leaks, loose fasteners, missing cotter pins/safety wire, chafing, galling and/or other unusual wear. Ground mags before working on prop and/or engine.) 50 hr or 4 mths Maintenance Schedule Drain engine oil while hot. Send sample for analysis Replace oil filter. Cut open & inspect. Inspect & clean oil screen Check & record brake fluid level Empty & clean oil separator reservoir Check integrity of: Fuel & oil hoses Primer system Ignition system Magneto P-leads & mounting bolts Exhaust system & attachment h/w Baffling/plenum Firewall forward wiring Engine mount bolts Cooling blast tubes Firewall seals Cowling, check hinge condition Inspect & lubricate: Throttle & mixture linkages, check & lubricate Carb heat door & control Oil cooler door & control Check alternator belt condition & tension Check tires for wear, rotate/replace as necessary On test flight, log engine data 28 Remove plenum cover 100 hr or 12 mths Clean, inspect, regap, rotate spark plugs Rotate top to bottom, swapping 1&4, 2&3 for mag polarity Inspect & clean gascolator screen Drain carb, inspect & clean carb fuel inlet screen Compression check on all cylinders Check Magneto to Engine timing Re-install spark plugs with new washers 400 hr Replace spark plugs 500 hr Magneto disassembly, clean & adjustment or exchange Check magneto points for clearance at .018 +- .006 Inspect breaker felts for proper cam lubrication 29 Annual Condition Inspection Note: a 100 hr inspection in the last 12 months is considered to be a progressive part of the Condition Inspection Annual Remove, clean & inspect Three external inspection covers Empennage & wing root fairings Aft baggage bulkhead Seats & forward seat floor Baggage sidewalls One side of electric flap housing Spinner, noting alignment marks Wheel pants Empennage Check condition & security of HS & VS attachment Inspect & lubricate with Lubriplate Elevator rod-end bearings Elevator center bearing Elevator control push-rod end Rudder rod-end bearings Rudder cable attach points Trim tab hinge & servo attachment Check condition of surfaces & fairings Check mounting & wiring for ELT & nav antenna Wings Check condition & security of fwd & aft spar attachment Check for fuel leakage in wing root area Check security of fuel connections & sender wiring Inspect & lubricate with Lubriplate Aileron bearings Aileron control rod-end bearings Aileron bell-crank bearing & rod-ends Auto-pilot control rod-ends Flap hinge & control rod Check pitot mounting, wiring & tubing Check auto-pilot servo mounting Check security of internal wing wiring 30 Landing Gear Remove main wheels, clean & repack bearings Check brake pad wear (3/16" new, 1/10" replace) Check brake calipers & lines for leakage Remove nose wheel, clean & repack bearings Grease the nose gear swivel joint Check nose gear break-out torque 22 ft lbs Propeller Check security of mounting bolts & safety wire Check condition of prop & spinner Fuselage external Clean belly Check mounting of transponder & com antenna Check fuel vents clear Check static ports are open Check steps mounting & condition Check windshield mounting & condition Sliding Canopy Check general condition Check & lubricate track wheels (Lubriplate) Check rear mounting blocks & pins Check & lubricate latch mechanism (Lubriplate) 31 Fuselage internal Inspect & lubricate with Lubriplate Elevator push rod bell-crank bearing & rod-ends Elevator pushrod forward rod-end Control stick bearings Aileron control rod-end bearings Aileron trim assembly Flap control rod-ends Flap motor assembly bearings Flap control weldment UMHW bearings Rudder pedal weldment UMHW bearings Rudder cable attach points Brake pedal bolts Check seat belt condition & mounting points Check braking system plumbing condition Check main spar bolt security Check landing gear mounting bolts Check fuel system plumbing condition Check condition of control stick wiring Check ELT mounting & wiring Check ELT operation & battery expiry dates Check fire extinguisher mounting & condition Check battery mounting, condition & wiring General A.D.s complied with Van's service bulletins complied with Registration, Airworthiness Certificate, Operating Limitations Logbooks up to date 2 Yrs Pitot/static & transponder certification Log entry: "I certify that this aircraft has been inspected on (date) in accordance with the scope and detail of Appendix D of FAR Part 43 and found to be in a condition for safe operation." 32 8.4 SERVICE SCHEDULE C=CLEAN R=REPLACE L=LUBE I=INSPECT [TASK] ENGINE OIL/FILTER SPARK PLUGS AIR FILTER SCREENS OIL SEPARATOR BATTERY VALVE WOBBLE SB STRAINERS OIL COOLER 100 R C C C C 200 R C C C C 300 R C R C C R 400 R R C C C I I S=SERVICE [ OPERATING HOURS ] 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 R R R R R R R C C C R C C C C R C C R C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C R R I I I 33 RV-6A N86CG Check Lists 12-Feb-01 BEFORE STARTING ENGINE RUN-UP All Switches Off Master On, Fuel Pump On Check Gascolator for Water Fuel Pump Off, Master Off Check Wing Drains for Water Check Control Pivot Bolts Rudder Cable Bolts Check Oil Level > 6 qts Seat Belts Fastened Run-up to 1700 RPM Check Mags <100 RPM Drop Check Carb Heat Check Voltage & Suction TAKE-OFF Canopy Closed & Locked Check Flaps Up Flaps 10 deg for Short Field Set Altimeter, DG & AH AutoPilot Off Set Elevator & Aileron Trim Controls Free & Correct Fuel Pump On On Runway: Strobes, Heading Indicator Transponder, Time Full Throttle ~ 2200 RPM Lift Nose Wheel at 55 Kts Climb Out at 110 Kts Fuel Pump Off when Level Cell Phones Off Fasten Seat Belts Select Full Tank Check Alternator Breaker Mixture Fully Rich Master On Fuel Pump On, Prime 4 secs Fuel Pump Off Set Throttle ¼” Open Clear Area Mag Switch to Start AFTER STARTING Avionics Switch On Set 1000 RPM Check for No Engine Alarms: Oil Pressure 60-70 PSI Voltage 14 volts Fuel Pressure 4-6 PSI Vacuum 4-6 inches Strobes & Nav Lights if Needed Headsets On Radios On – Set Frequencies Transponder to Standby 1200 Skymap IIIC On Flaps Up SPEED Never Exceed Max Cruise Maneuvering Flaps 40 deg Best Glide: 800 fpm Vy Max Climb Rate Vx Max Climb Angle Vs Stall - Clean Vso Stall - Landing Vne Vno Va Vfe 34 KIAS 182 157 117 87 80 75 65 47 42 BEFORE LANDING ENGINE FIRE ON GROUND Landing Light On Fuel Selector to Fullest Tank Fuel Pump On Mixture Fully Rich AutoPilot Off Carb Heat On Throttle to 1200 RPM Flaps Down 20 deg at 85 Kts Approach at 70-75 Kts Flaps as Necessary 60-65 Kts over Threshold Hold the Nose Off Continue Cranking If Engine Starts: 1700 RPM for Two Minutes Shutdown & Inspect Engine Fails to Start: Throttle Fully Open Mixture to Idle Cut-off Continue Cranking Use Fire Extinguisher ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT Mixture to Idle Cut-off Fuel Selector Off, Master Off Cabin Heat & Air Off AFTER LANDING Fuel Pump Off Carb Heat Off Flaps Up for Taxi Landing Light Off Transponder to Standby Slide Canopy Open ENGINE FAILS IN FLIGHT Airspeed 80 Kts (~800 fpm) Fuel Pump On, Switch Tanks Carb Heat On Mixture Fully Rich Mags – Both, Left, Right Transponder 7700 Turn Downwind – 80 Kts Look for Landing Site SHUTDOWN Flaps Down for Exit Avionics Off Throttle to Idle Mixture to Idle Cut-off Mags Off, All Switches Off Master Off RPM OilT OilP CHT NORMAL 500 - 2700 165 - 220°°F 50 - 90 psi 350 - 435°°F FORCED LANDING Airspeed 80 Kts Fuel Off, Mags Off, Master Off AEROBATICS LIMIT 2700 245 40-99 500 1375 lbs Max Weight, 75.3 aft CG -3G to +6G limits Aileron Roll: 145 Kts, 30°° up Loop: 145 Kts, 3G Chandelle: 35 10.0 EQUIPMENT LIST Description Airframe Aircraft Kit Brake Master Cyls Brake Calipers Main Tires Nose Wheel Tire Firewall Forward Engine Propeller Engine Mounts Electric Fuel Pump Gascolator Carburetor Magneto (left) Magneto (right) Spark Plugs Starter Motor Alternator Alternator belt Regulator OV Crowbar Exhaust System Oil Cooler Vacuum Pump Vacuum Regulator Vacuum Filter Oil Filter Air Filter Oil Separator Manufacturer Model Serial # Supplier Van's Matco Cleveland Aerotrainer Lamb RV-6A QB 3091 30-9 5.00-5 11 x 4.00-5 (35 psi) (35 psi) Van's Van's Van's Van's Van's Lycoming Sensenich Barry Controls Facet O-360-A1A 72FM8S9-1(83) 94011-20 40108 Precision Airmotive Slick Slick Champion SkyTech MA4-5 4373 9020027 REM40E 149-12LS F2L-689917 Gates 7355 Aero Electric High Country Positech Rapco Rapco Rapco Champion K&N Engineering S/S Cross-over 4211 MN RA2H3-12 RA1J7-1 CH48110 Re-usable 36 L-36691-36A 99-0124 153-04 Van's Van's Van's Van's Van's Van's Van's Van's A/C Spruce Van's Van's Parts Center Van's Aero Electric Van's Van's A/C Spruce A/C Spruce A/C Spruce Van's Van's Wicks Electrical Systems Elevator Trim Trim Governor Heated Pitot Strobes/nav lights Landing/taxi lights Primer Solenoid Master Solenoid Starter Solenoid Fuse Blocks Ignition Switch Misc switches Battery Light Dimmer Defrost fans Concorde Aero Electric Radio Shack Flight Instruments Airspeed Indicator Altimeter Falcon United MAC Matronics Aeroflash Duckworks Parker Bussman ACS Van's Van's Gretz Cleaveland Van's B2DX62 A/C Spruce 24115 Van's 24022 Van's 20 fuse model (2) Aero Electric A-510-2 Van's Aero Electric RG-25 CBC 350888 Van's DIM15-14 Aero Electric 273-243B 0.16A 3" DC brushless Radio Shack Mk III AN5812-12 156-0049 GM300187 VSI Attitude Indicator Directional Gyro Turn Coordinator & A/P Vacuum Gauge Compass United Sigma-Tek Sigma-Tek Navaid Devices Rapco SIRS ASIT21K ASI99110008 IF 5934PD-3 408108 A130 IF 7030 288740 5000B-42 T70056M 4000B-30 T55880K AP-1 1784 5001 10139 Navigator NV-2F Engine Instruments Engine Monitor Fuel Flow Sensor Fuel Gauge Fuel Level Sensors Grand Rapids Flowscan Electronics Int.l Stewart Warner EIS-4000 1012 201 FL-2R 38886 385B-F & 385C-F Misc Instruments Clock G Meter Astro-Tech Century LC-2 37 54786 Van's Van's Van's A/C Spruce A/C Spruce Navaid A/C Spruce A/C Spruce Grand Rapids Grand Rapids Van's Van's A/C Spruce A/C Spruce Avionics Audio Panel GPS moving map Nav/com Transponder Altitude encoder ELT RST Engineering Skyforce UPS UPS Ameri-King ACK RST-565 kit Skymap IIIC SL30 SL70 E-01 TR1295 34274 RST Chief Van's Van's Van's Van's 8x Duracell MN1300 'D' cells (Mar 2004) [Change 2 yrs] VHF Com Antenna VOR/Loc/GS Antenna Interior Upholstery Seat Belts Panel Labels Fire Extinguisher Firewall insulation Floor insulation Carpet Paint Wash primer Primer, spray-can Steel topcoat Interior enamel Engine mount Panel lacquer Exterior paint Exterior paint Exterior paint Miscellaneous Pitot & static tubing Pitot to tygon tube fittings Engine hoses Gear leg fairing, nose Gear leg fairings, main Wheel Pants Comant Comant CI-122 CI-158C DJ Lauritsen Pacific Aero Avery PAH-212-02 Clear labels 8667 Halon 2.5lbs H&R Divinycell H45 Dark Gray Sherwin-Williams P60G2/R7K44 Sherwin-Williams GBP 988 Sherwin-Williams G2-W103 white Valspar Dupli-Color Valspar Imron Imron Imron 21934 gray DH 1604 white Semi-Gloss 8051 White 7372 Turquoise 94121 Blue K9740 AN818-4D Tygon 1/4" Al tube Aeroquip Tracy Saylor Team Rocket A/C Spruce A/C Spruce 1/2" x 1 3/4" 3/4" fire resist Central Av Central Av Central Av 3/8" OD 1/4" ID AN818-4D Pressure recovery 38 A/C Spruce Orndorff A/C Spruce Orndorff Self etch S-W Self etch S-W Acrylic S-W ena mel Enamel Fleet Farm High temp 1200'F Lacquer Fleet Farm AE-466 Van's Cleaveland Pacific Aero Office Max A/C Spruce AN807-4D Herber Tracy Saylor Team Rocket Van's Engine Hoses & Fittings Engine to oil cooler Oil cooler to engine Engine to oil pressure sender Firewall fuel to gascolator Gascolator to fuel flow sensor Flow sensor to mech fuel pump Fuel pump to carb Fuel pump T to pressure sender Fuel pump vent Gascolator to primer valve Primer valve to cylinders Hose type AE466-8 AE466-8 AE601-4 3/8" Al (firesleeved) 3/8" Al (firesleeved) Hose ends straight, strt straight, strt straight, strt Fittings AN823-8 (45°) AN823-8 (45°) AN816-4 restrict Fittings AN823-8 (45°) AN823-8 (45°) AN822-4 (90°) 2x 816-6D 2x 816-6D AN833-6D (90°) AN823-6D (45°) AN822-6D AN816-6D AN816-6D KB-090 (90°) AE466-6 8 1/2" straight, strt AE466-6 AE601-4 13 1/2" 22" 45 deg, strt straight, strt 1/4" fuel hose 1/4" Al (firesleeved) 1/8" Cu Breather to separator Oil separator vent Oil separator drain to dipstick 3/4" heater hose 3/4" heater hose 3/8" fuel hose MAP to firewall manifold Firewall to MAP module AE601-4 3/16" OD Nylaflo Tach drive cap Length 8 3/8" 18 3/8" 16" KB-090-T (90°) AN822-6D (90°) AN822-4 (90° AN822-4 (90°) rst) AN842-4 (90°) 2x AN818-4 AN816-4D AN822-4D (90°) 7x AN818-2 AN816-2D 2x AN804-2 (T) 3x AN4022-1 3x AN800-2 3x AN805-2 0711-158 16" Avery Tools 39 straight, strt AN816-4 restrict 268P-03X02 AN822-4 (90°) push-on High Current Wiring Lengt awg End 1 End 2 Battery -ve to Ground block Battery +ve to master (in) 28 11 2 2 0.3125 0.3125 0.3125 0.3125 Master (out) to Starter relay Starter relay to starter motor 12 36 2 2 0.3125 0.3125 0.3125 0.3125 Engine ground to ground block 31 2 0.25 0.3125 Alternator to 80A fuse 80A fuse to starter relay 11 16 4 4 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.3125 Master (out) to main fuse bus ~48 4 0.3125 0.1875 Master (out) to maxi-fuse (30A) Maxi-fuse to Avionics switch Avionics switch to diode Diode to Avionics fuse bus ~6 ~48 ~36 ~6 8 8 8 8 0.3125 0.1875 spade x2 spade 0.1875 spade x2 spade 0.1875 Master (in) to maxi-fuse (30A) Maxi-fuse to alternate Avionics switch Alternate Avionics switch to diode Diode to Avionics fuse bus ~6 ~48 ~36 8 8 8 As above 0.3125 0.1875 spade x2 0.1875 spade x2 spade 40 11.0 TORQUE TABLES 11.1 STANDARD TORQUE VALUES Nuts & Bolts (AC 43.13-1B) Fine Thread 8-36 10-32 1/4-28 5/16-24 3/8-24 7/16-20 Coarse Thread 8-32 10-24 1/4-20 5/16-18 3/8-16 7/16-14 MS20365 & AN310 nuts 12-15 20-25 50-70 100-140 160-190 450-500 MS20364 & AN320 7-9 12-15 30-40 60-85 95-110 270-300 12-15 20-25 40-50 80-90 160-185 235-255 7-9 12-15 25-30 48-55 95-100 140-155 AN818 flared fitting (AC 43.13-1B) Fitting dash number size -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -8 Tubing OD 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 Al tubing 20-30 25-35 50-65 70-90 110-130 230-260 Steel tubing 75-85 95-105 135-150 170-200 270-300 450-500 Hoses (Sacramento Sky Ranch) Fitting dash number size -3 -4 -5 -6 -8 Tubing OD 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 1/2 Thread 3/8-24 7/16-20 1/2-20 9/16-18 3/4-16 25-35 50-65 70-90 110-130 230-260 Pipe thread engine plugs (Lycoming SSP1776) NPT Steel 1/8-27 40 1/4-18 85 3/8-18 110 1/2-14 160 41 Al? 11.2 SPECIAL TORQUE VALUES Spark plugs Oil Filter Carb drain plug Exhaust attach nuts Exhaust attach (blow-proof gasket) Hose clamps (worm) Carb mounting bolts Starter motor mounting bolts Starter motor power cable Alternator mounting bolts Nose wheel axle bolt Main wheel nuts Lord engine mount (7/16"?) Prop bolts (1/2”) Rocker Covers Fuel Inlet Screen 420 240 144 160-180 100-140 20 100 50-60 Lycoming SSP1776 Lycoming SSP1777 Lycoming SSP1778 Bingelis - Engines Vetterman Bingelis - Engines Sky-Tec Sky-Tec 84 Scott McDaniels Torque 600 in/lbs, back off & retorque 120180 450-500 Paul Snyder, Lord 720-780 Sensenich 20-25 35-40 42 12.0 Aircraft Systems & Wiring Diagrams 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 End of Operating Manual. 55