ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ

‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع در ﭘﺨﺶ‬
‫رادﻳﻮ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل‬
‫زﻣﺴﺘﺎن‪92-‬‬
‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد رادﻳﻮ آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ‬
‫)‪(Medium Wave‬‬
‫‪MW‬‬
‫‪535‐1605 KHz‬‬
‫‪AM‬‬
‫‪SW‬‬
‫‪FM‬‬
‫)‪(Short Wave‬‬
‫‪3‐30 MHz‬‬
‫‪88‐108 MHz‬‬
‫شدت ميدان موردنياز‪:‬‬
‫بيش از ‪60 db‬‬
‫منطقه پوشش‪ :‬متوسط)داخلی و مرزی(‬
‫کيفيت ‪ :‬خوب‬
‫عوامل مزاحم ‪ :‬متوسط‬
‫شدت ميدان موردنياز‪:‬بيش از‪43 db ‬‬
‫منطقه پوشش‪ :‬وسيع)جھانی و برونمرزی(‬
‫کيفيت ‪ :‬متوسط‬
‫فرکانس متغيرو دوره ای‬
‫عوامل مزاحم ‪ :‬زياد‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‪ :‬ﻛﻢ‬
‫)ﺷﻬﺮي(‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ ‪ :‬ﻛﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺰاﺣﻢ و ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺘﻬﺎي ﭘﺨﺶ‬
‫آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻨﮓ زﻣﺎﻧﻲ و ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ‬
‫‪‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ‬
‫‪‬ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻋﻤﺪي‬
‫‪‬و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮي ‪ ،‬دوﭘﻠﺮ‪،‬ﺧﻄﺎي درﻳﺎﻓﺖ و‪.........‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪه‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ‬
Technological Competitiveness
Video
Video,
weighted
Audio
Content
range
Mobility
Total
Score
Rank
DTT-HD
3
9
3
2
0
14
1
IPTV-HD
2
6
2
3
0
11
2
IPTV-SD
1
3
0.8
3
0
6.8
3
0.5
1.5
0.8
3
1
6.3
4
1
3
0.8
2
0
5.8
5
Analog TV
0.9
2.7
1
1
1
5.7
6
Mobile TV
0.2
0.6
0.3
1.5
3
5.4
7
DAB+
0
0
0.8
2.5
2
5.3
8
FM Radio
0
0
1
1
3
5
9
Internet Radio
0
0
0.8
3
1
4.8
10
DAB
0
0
0.7
1
2
3.7
11
AM Radio
0
0
0.3
1
2
3.3
12
Internet TV
DTT-SD
5
‫راﻩ ﺣﻞ؟‬
‫تبليغات بيشتر‬
‫افزايش در‬
‫آمد‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬
‫ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن‬
‫افزايش ساعات‬
‫پخش‬
‫‪‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺨﺮب‬
‫‪‬اراﺋﻪ ﺳﺮوﻳﺲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫‪‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ از ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ‬
‫‪‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺪرت ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ‬
‫‪‬اﻣﻜﺎن اﻳﺠﺎدﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺗﻚ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ و ارﺳﺎل داده‬
‫ﺟﺬاﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ و‬
‫اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫روﻧﺪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫)‪Radio Data System(RDS‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺻﺪاي ‪ FM‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺎم اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه‪ ،‬ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ و زﻣﺎن‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺗﺮاﻓﻴﻜﻲ و ‪...‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﭘﻴﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه در اﻏﻠﺐ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در اروﭘﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬وﺟﻮد ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه اﻧﺒﻮه در دﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﻳﺮان‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ‪ RDS‬در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل را ﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪DARC‬‬
‫)‪(Data Radio Channel‬‬
‫‪‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل داده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺻﺪاي ‪ FM‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮد) ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ‪ ( 10Kb/s‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺎ‪ ،‬اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫‪‬ﭘﻴﺎده ﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اﺳﻜﺎﻧﺪﻳﻨﺎوي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود‬
‫‪‬اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺤﺼﺎري ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ و ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ‬
‫‪‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل را ﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺴﻲ ‪ FM‬ﺑﺎ ﻟﺤﺎظ‪DARC ,RDS‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ)‪FMeXtra (vu cast‬‬
‫‪ ‬ارﺳﺎل ﻳﻚ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺻﺪاي آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪاي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ MPEG-4 HE-AAC‬و ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ‪ COFDM‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ‪ ITU FM mask‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژي در ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎي ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻲ از آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ و ﭼﻨﺪ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه در اروﭘﺎ ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻣﻜﺎن ارﺳﺎل ﻫﻴﭻ داده اي در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻲ ‪ Digital Radio Express‬اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات ارﺳﺎل و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ و ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪهﻫﺎي آن ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﺪم اراﺋﻪ ﭼﻴﭗﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﺮان ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ FMeXtra‬و ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اراﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎی رادﻳﻮ دﳚﻴﺘﺎل ﻣﻮﺟﻮد دﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي رادﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اي‬
World Space
XM Satellite Radio
Sirius Satellite Radio
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ﭘﺨﺶ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل‬
T‐DAB (VHF,L‐band)
T‐DAB+ (VHF, L‐band)
T‐DMB (VHF)
ISDB‐T
IBOC‐
Am&FM
DRM+ ‫‪DAB:‬‬
‫استا ندارد‪ :‬بدليل نيا ز به سيستم ھاي محلي مانند راديو‬
‫‪FM‬كنوني تكنيكھاي پخش زميني ديجيتا ل با استقبا ل مواجه شد‪.‬‬
‫مطا لعه تكميلي در سال ‪ ١٩٨٤‬فعا ليتھاي تحقيقا تي را توسعه داد‬
‫و در اواخر‪ ١٩٨٦‬پروژه بعنوان اوركا ‪ ١٤٧‬تعريف شد‪.‬‬
‫درسا ل ‪ ١٩٩٢‬پيش نويس استا ندارد تدوين شد و در سا ل ‪ ١٩٩٤‬در‬
‫پي نتا يج آزما يشا ت مختلف استا نداردي بعنوان ‪ ETS300401‬به‬
‫تصويب رسيدو در ھما ن سا ل ‪ ITU‬أين سيستم را بعنوان سيستم‬
‫‪A‬توصيه كرد‪.‬‬
‫پھناي باند ‪ :‬فركا نس كا ربري ‪DAB‬در محدوده ‪ MHz30‬تا‬
‫‪GHz3‬مي تواند مورد‬
‫استفا ده قرارگيرد‪.‬‬
‫‐باند‪‐L :‬‬
‫‐باند‪VHF‐III:‬‬
‫‪layer I , II: Audio coding‬‬
‫‪1492‐1452‬‬
‫‪240‐170‬‬
‫‪MPEG‐2‬‬
‫‪channel coding:‬كا نـولوشنا ل كـدينگ‬
‫مدوالسيون ‪:‬مدوالسيون( ‪ COFDM‬مدوالسيون حا مل) ‪DQPSK‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ DAB‬در ﺳﺎل ‪ 1995‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل از ﻃﺮف ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اروﭘﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ ETSI‬اراﺋﻪ و اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﺷﺶ ﺻﺪا ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ را دارا ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ در ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎي ‪ VHF‬و ‪ L-band‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ‪1/5‬ﻣﮕﺎﻫﺮﺗﺰ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ داراي ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺳﺎزي اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪا ‪ MPEG-2‬و ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ‪ COFDM/DQPSK‬اﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ارﺳﺎل‪ 1.5Mb/s‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اروﭘﺎ‬
‫‪ ‬در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اروﭘﺎﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي آﺳﻴﺎ ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ‪ chipset‬ﻫﺎي ارزان ﻗﻴﻤﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ از ‪ 350‬ﻧﻮع ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در‬
‫دﻧﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺣﺪود ‪ 24‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوش رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
DAB COVERAGE ON THE WORLD
Source: World DAB Forum
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺲ ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎ در ‪DAB‬‬
‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ‪ DAB‬در دﻧﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪DAB+‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ‪DAB‬در ﺳﺎل ‪ 2007‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ETSI‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﺻﺪاي آن ﭼﻬﺎرده ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻣﻮﻧﻮ و ده ﻛﺎﻧﺎل رادﻳﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺷﺪه‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪا ﺑﻪ )‪ MPEG-4 (HE-AAC‬ارﺗﻘﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ارﺳﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪DAB‬اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺳﺮﻳﻊ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﭘﺨﺶ ‪ DAB‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﭼﻴﭗﺳﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزار آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺎري آن ﻣﺤﺪود اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ و ﺳﻮﺋﺪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﺮدهاﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ارﺳﺎل‪ 2Mb/s‬ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺲ ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎ در ‪DAB+‬‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪kb/s‬ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﭘﻠﻜﺲ ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي ‪ DAB‬و ‪ DAB+‬در زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ارﺳﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪kb/s‬ﻧﺮخ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪T‐DMB‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ‪ DAB‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ ETSI‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرت وﺳﻴﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺪر ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ MPEG-4‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ رزوﻟﻮﺷﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ را‬
‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ارﺳﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎن زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪DAB‬اﻣﻜﺎن ﭘﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺳﺮﻳﻊ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ در ﺣﺎل ﭘﺨﺶ ‪ DAB‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺺ از ﻃﺮف ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﺳﺎز ﻛﺮه اي وارد ﺑﺎزار ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ زﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ‪ DAB‬دارﻧﺪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ را ﻧﻴﺰ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪T‐DMB‬ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه و ﻣﻮﻧﻴﺘﻮر ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫‪PDA‬‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري‬
‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ISDB‐T‬‬
‫) ‪(Integrated Systems Digital Broadcasting‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل‪ ،‬رادﻳﻮ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل‪ ،‬داده و ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ در ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﭘﻬﻨﺎي ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻧﻲ در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل دو ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ‬
‫را دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺤﺼﺎري در ژاﭘﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪاي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ MPEG‐2‬و ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن آن ‪ BST‐OFDM‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي آن ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ رادﻳﻮ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮن را درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﺪود و در ژاﭘﻦ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
Technical Specifications of ISDB-T:
Frequency Band :
VHF/UHF
Bandwidth:
For one segment :430KHz
For three segment:1.29MHz
Source Coding:
MPEG-2 AAC
Bit rate : 144kbps /Two Channel Stereo
Multiplexing :
MPEG-2 TS
Channel Coding :
Reed-Solomon (204,188 ), Convolutional Code
Modulation :
BST-OFDM(64QAM,16QAM,DQPSK,QPSK)
Japan
Philippines
Maldives
Thailand
Americas
Brazil
Uruguay
Peru
Argentina
Chile
Venezuela
Ecuador
Costa Rica
Paraguay
Bolivia
Nicaragua
Guatemala
Belize
Africa
Botswana
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪WorldSpace‬‬
‫‪Worldspace ‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﺠﺎري در آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺤﺼﺎري اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره در ﻣﺪار ‪ GEO‬ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ ﺳﺮوﻳﺴﻬﺎي رادﻳﻮﻳﻲ اراﺋﻪ دﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ و‬
‫ﺧﺎورﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ از ‪ ،1999‬ﺟﻨﻮبﺷﺮق آﺳﻴﺎ از ‪ 2000‬اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻫﻨﻮز‬
‫ﭘﺮﺗﺎب ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ دوازده ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ ارﺳﺎل ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ‪ TDMA/QPSK‬و ﭘﺨﺶ در ‪ L‐band‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺪود ‪ 180‬ﻫﺰار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوش رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
WorldSpace ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ‪ SIRUS‬و ‪XM satellite‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ رادﻳﻮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻃﺮاﺣﻲ و ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﻫﻮارهﻫﺎي ‪ XM‬دو ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره در ﻣﺪار ‪ GSO‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ SIRUS ‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره در ﻣﺪار ‪ HEO‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻫﺮ دو ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ داراي ﺗﻜﺮارﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ارﺳﺎل ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره آﻧﻬﺎ ‪ TDMA/QPSK‬و ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ﺗﻜﺮارﻛﻨﻨﺪهﻫﺎي زﻣﻴﻨﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ COFDM/QPSK‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
Technical Specifications of IBOC:
Frequency Band :
AM/FM
Codec :
PAC (perceptual audio coder)
AM_IBOC :16 , 32, 48 Kbps FM like quality
FM_IBOC : 96Kbps CD like quality
Modulation Techniques:
AM_IBOC : OFDM (QAM)
FM_IBOC : OFDM (QPSK)
FEC Coding and Interleaving :
Convolutional coding
Blend:
Blend allows transition to the back up signal
when the main signal is corrupted.
Extended
Hybrid
FM Analog
Hybrid
Backup
Main Hybrid
Extended
Secondary
All‐Digital
Main
Backup
IBOC Spectrum
Worldwide IBOC Implementation
Poland
Canada
France
USA
Philippines
Switzerland
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico
Mexico
Jamaica
Thailand
Columbia
Ecuador
Brazil
Chile
Argentina
HD Radio Operational
Advanced Interest
HD Radio Growing Interest
Pre‐operational Services
Advanced Testing
No Interest in HD Radio (yet)
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪IBOC‐AM ‬‬
‫)‪(In Band On Channel‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﻳﻚ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﺎﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺷﺒﻪ ‪FM‬در ﻛﻨﺎر ‪ AM‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺨﺶ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺬر از آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ ﺑﻪ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل وﺟﻮد دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺤﺼﺎري در آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و داراي ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪاي ‪ PAC‬و‬
‫ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ‪ COFDM‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪. .‬‬
Hybrid
All‐Digital
Main
Backup
Main Secondary
Backup
Analog
Hybrid
AM
Extended
Extended
Hybrid
AM ‫ در ﺑﺎﻧﺪ‬IBOC ‫ﻃﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪IBOC‐FM ‬‬
‫)‪(In Band On Channel‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﻳﻚ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﺎﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ در ﻛﻨﺎر ‪ FM‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻣﻜﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺨﺶ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﭘﺲ از ﮔﺬر از آﻧﺎﻟﻮگ ﺑﻪ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل‬
‫‪ ‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ داراي ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪاي ‪ PAC‬اﻧﺤﺼﺎري و ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ‪ COFDM‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬در ﺣﺪود ‪ 650‬اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه در آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﭘﻴﺎدهﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺣﺪود ‪ 300‬ﻫﺰار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه آن ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮوش رﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫اﺳﺖ‪. ‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ در ‪ region1,3‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اروﭘﺎ‪ ،‬آﺳﻴﺎ و آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ‪ ITU‬و‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻫﻢﻣﺮز و ‪ FM replanning‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
simulcast ‫ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬IBOC‐FM ‫ﻃﻴﻒ‬
Lower Digital
Sideband
Upper Digital
Sideband
Primary
Primary
-20dBc
-20dBc
Analog Host
Signal
(Stereo or Mono)
10 partitions
199kHz
130kHz
191
Subcarriers
•
•
•
10 partitions
130kHz
0 Hz
199kHz
191
Subcarriers
109 kbps data throughput, 96 kbps for audio, and 1.411 kbps for PAD, balance is overhead.
Digital sub-carriers are 20 dB (1/100th) below analog
The Upper and Lower Digital Sidebands are redundant
‫ در آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬IBOC ‫وﺿﻌﻴﺖ‬
•
3,500+ Stations have committed
•
1036+ Stations are on the air
•
250+ Stations on with Multicasting
•
One new station goes on each day
‫ در آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬IBOC ‫ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻫﺎي‬
Visteon
Delphi
BMW launches HD Radio in 2006 Models
8 OEMs, 30 Models committed to HD Radio with more to come
Panasonic Yamaha
JVC
Kenwood Radiosophy
Boston Acoustics
Alpine Sanyo Eclipse
Polk Audio
Additional Aftermarket Car Products Come to Market
Home Receivers, both high‐end stereos
and tabletops enter the market
‫استـا ندا رد‪:DRM ‬از يك نشست غير رسمي در سا ل ‪١٩٩٦‬بوجود آمد‪.‬‬
‫سا ل ‪١٩٩٨‬كنسرسيوم‪ DRM ‬تشـكيل شد و‪ DRM ‬به عضويت‪ ITU ‬در آمد‪.‬‬
‫استـا ندارد‪ DRM ‬توسط‪ ETSI ‬تا پا يا ن سا ل ‪ ٢٠٠١‬ارائه خواھـد شد‪.‬‬
‫پھناي‬
‫باند‪:DRM ‬از با ند فعلي‪ SW,MW, LW) AM) ‬استفا ده نموده است‪.‬‬
‫در أين سيستم امكان ارسال ھمزمان آنا لوگ وديجيتا ل وجود دارد‪.‬‬
‫كدينگ‬
‫صوتي‪: :MPEG4‐ AAC‬‬
‫كدينگ كانال‬
‫مدوالسيون‬
‫‪:‬كا نولوشنا ل كدينگ‬
‫‪:‬مدوالسيون(‪ COFDM ‬مدوالسيون حامل)‪4‐QAM , 16‐QAM,64‐QAM ‬‬
‫مشخصات فنی‬





Coded OFDM multiple-carriers with QAM16/QAM64.
MPEG4 AAC, CELP and HVXC CODECS.*
SW 10kHz channel spacing/Up to 25+ Kbps data.
Integrates images, html pages, schedules.
Robustness modes match propagation conditions.
* AAC=Advanced Audio Coding + Spectral Band Rep +
Parametric-Stereo
CELP=Coded Excited Linear Prediction (robust speech)
HVXC=Harmonic Vector Excitation (low bit speech coder)
DRM Signal
Parameter
Details
Frequency Range
150KHz to 30MHz (DRM+ extends this to
108MHz)
Spectrum Occupancy
4.5KHz / 5KHz
9KHz / 10KHz
18KHz / 20KHz
Robustness Modes
A, B, C, D
Access to DRM multiplex
Fast Access Channel (FAC)
Service Description Channel (SDC)
Main Service Channel (MSC)
DRM multiplex
reconfiguration
Service reconfiguration
Channel reconfiguration
Broadcasting to
Mobile and Portable terminals
DRM
DAB
DVB-T
Channel
bandwidth
9 kHz
1.5 MHz
7-8 MHz
Total
bitrate
24 kbs
2.3 Mbs
24-30 Mbs
Useful
bitrate
16 kbs
1.5 Mbs
16 Mbs
Example of OFDM carriers
All the data, including the digitally encoded audio, is shared out for transmission
across equally spaced carriers. This unique spacing ensures the orthogonality
of the carriers. Each transmits a small amount of the overall data stream.
Digital Radio Mondiale 10kHz BW
Hardware solution – New DRM Receiver
UniWave “Di‐Wave 100” DRM Receiver
‫ ﭘﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﺎﻧﺎل ﻣﻮج ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
 AM and Digital simulcast channel widths of 9 kHz
 Stand alone at 9 & 18 kHz
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪DRM+‬‬
‫)‪(Digital Radio Mondial‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ DRM+‬ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻳﺪه اراﺋﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻲ ﺗﻤﺎم دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل در ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ‪ FM‬ﭘﺎﻳﻪرﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ارﺳﺎل ﺳﻪ ﺻﺪاي دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ را داراﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻠﻴﺎت اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ‪ DRM‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ‪ AM‬و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮم‬
‫‪DRM ‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻛﺪر ﺻﺪاي‪ HE‐AAC MPEG‐4‬و ﻣﺪوﻻﺳﻴﻮن ‪ COFDM‬اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻳﻚ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ‪ DRM‬در ‪ ETSI‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮم ‪ ،DRM‬ﭼﻬﺎر اﻟﻲ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل دﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪهﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ آﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
DRM+: in the FM Bands
400kHz
100kHz grid
220kHz
Alternative solution:
Use VHF Band 1
Note: One, two or three DRM blocks could be broadcast in the 180kHz gap,
depending on the final DRM+ system bandwidths and country grid
DRM C
180kHz
FM 2
DRM A
DRM B
F0
DRM A
FM 1
DRM 30 & DRM+
‫‪ DRM‬در ﺟﻬﺎن‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن‬
 • DRM trials in SW conducted successfully in 2007
 • DRM+ trial completed in Delhi (May 2011)
 • Regular DRM service started from SW Transmitter at Delhi on 16th






January 2009
• In Oct. 2011 All India Radio increased DRM SW to 16 hours/day
• India Radio renewing and replacing all MF transmitters with DRM30 (72
transmitters) 6 x 20 kW transmitters delivered already
. One mobile in New Delhi.
6 mobile transmitters used for training 27 (100kW, 200kW, 300kW)
transmitters ordered. Rollout in full swing!
• 100kW medium wave transmitter at Rajkot officially opened 10th
September 2012
• In Dec 2012 All India Radio ordered six 300kW MW DR30M transmitters
‫ﻫﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن‬
‫ﻫﻨﺪوﺳﺘﺎن‬








1000 KW DRM TRANSMITTER
First DRM MW Megawatt Transmitter in AIR network.
Only transmitter of its kind in Asian Region.
Capable of Broadcasting in Analog, DRM & Simulcast
mode.
Location: Lyara, Rajkot
Make: Thomson of France.
Operating Frequency : 1071 kHZ
Commissioned on 10th Sep. 2012
‫ در ﻫﻨﺪ‬DRM ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎي ﻛﻨﺴﺮﺳﻴﻮم‬
 Consortium is in constant contact with AIR
 Consortium chair has met the Communication Minister in
2009 (November) and the state secretary in charge of
digital radio several times since (at least twice this year)
 With the help of the Ministry and AIR, main network
operator we have launched an Indian platform to facilitate
links and information among major stakeholders.
 Next meeting scheduled in November 2011.
‫ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ دﻫﻠﻲ‬DRM+ ‫ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه‬
 Conclusions:
 The DRM + trial in Delhi (May 2011) with 300 W transmitter output power (500 W ERP) was conducted sucessfully in Delhi
 It exceeded the planning (about 10 km) by about 2.5 times up to 25 km coverage
 No interference
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي ﻓﺮﺳﺘﻨﺪه ‪ DRM+‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ دﻫﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ‬
‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﭘﻼن‪ DRM‬ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻲ‪AIR‬‬
‫روﺳﻴﻪ‬
 Plans announced for complete coverage of Russian Federation with DRM30 (2010) • preparatory work done • plan is on • interest from the Russian army and emergency services • Voice of Russia maintaining DRM transmissions for Europe and India Russia ‫ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ‬
 DRM Tests over last 5 years
 In the last 20 months tested in DRM30, Medium wave, low
and high power, Shortwave in Nov/Dec 2011
 DRM+ in the FM band high and low power (June 2012)
 Test reports can be consulted here:
http://www.conexaominicom.mc.gov.br/noticias/ 1099minicom-publica-relatorios-de-testes-com-radio-digita
 Decision for AM and FM expected soon
‫اﺳﺘﺮاﻟﻴﺎ‬
 Broadcast Australia is installing for ABC Radio Australia
 2 DRM ready shortwave transmitters of 100 kW (one in
Shepparton due to air Summer 2012)
 DRM30 trial for data coverage (Gov. weather agency)
 ABC Radio Australia already broadcasts 3 hours daily in
DRM from Brandom to Papua New Guinea and to Pacific
island on 5995 kHz and 1280 kHz using a 5kW shortwave
transmitter
 DRM+ in band I to be tested in 2013 Australia
‫ﻛﺮه ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬
 DRM+ technical evaluation carried out by KETI in
2009/2010 • Tests followed by technical comparison of
DAB/DAB+, HD Radio, DRM+ for digitalization of
analogue FM
 Regulator considering options for FM digitisation
 1600kW medium wave transmitter, fully equipped and
set-up, handed over to KBS in July 2012
 Plan to integrate multi-standard worldwide chipset
into all devices, including smart devices (2011-2014)
‫ﭼﻴﻦ‬
 China has several DRM shortwave transmitters at various locations  Test broadcasts from China Radio International took place some years ago with very good results  China needs to decide yet what digital standard ‫ﻣﺎﻟﺰي‬
 Radio TV Malaysia - 5 DRM ready shortwave
transmitters of 100 kW
 DRM30 transmissions have started on 7235 kHz and
11885 kHz (1 hr a.m.)
‫ﺑﻨﮕﻼدش‬
 250 kW short wave TX and Antenna
 1000kW medium wave TX DRM ready
 commissioned and in operation at Dhamrai for BETAR
since early July 2011
‫ژاﭘﻦ‬
 Acquisition of 4 x 300kW short wave Transmitters
 First new Transmitter on-air in April 2013
 Three more planned in yearly intervals
 All DRM equipped and tested
‫آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ‬
 Nigeria tested DRM from its new transmitter site in Abuja
 Interest in Southern Africa. First SW DRM transmission
in October 2011 of EU
 live radio debate – feedback from Angola and S. Africa
(also from Brazil!).
 DRM Consortium has contributed to South Africa
government consultation
 Mozambique seems to have opted for DRM in its
digitisation plans
‫آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ‬
 Abuja - Nigeria
 250 KW short wave transmitter with rotatable Antenna
 On 13th of March 2012 with a
 big inauguration, the station
 has been completed in
 presence of the Vice President Namadi Sambo who
 represented the President
 Goodluck Jonathan
 More than 600 hours of DRM transmissions per week covering billions of potential listeners worldwide










More than 120 DRM30 services on‐air globally All India Radio
BBC World Service
Deutsche Welle
KBS World
NHK
Radio Australia
Radio New Zealand
TDP Radio
Vatican Radio
Voice of Russia
‫محدوده جغرافيائی)مليت‪ ،‬قوانين راديوئی‪،‬فرھنگ‪،‬سرمايه‪(....،‬‬
‫زير ساخت)محتوا‪،‬امکانات سخت افزاری(‬
‫حمايت دولت‬
Analogue‐to‐digital transition
 Digital technology must be significantly “better” in any respect than analogue radio for all players, especially for consumers
 An agreed introduction strategy and concerted/synchronous efforts of all major players at a national level







public service and commercial broadcasters
new content providers
receiver/transmitter/IC manufacturers
network operators
spectrum regulators
retailers
users: customer awareness
 Public and governmental support is absolutely needed
A national matter
 Each and every country in Europe has very specific economic, cultural and media regulation situation  Broadcasting (and electronic media) is a matter of national states or even regions (e.g. Germany)
 Any implementation plan and analogue switch‐off strategy should take into account national broadcasting diversities and national priorities
 International organisations and associations such as EBU are valuable but cannot replace national efforts and decisions. They should however provide common technology standards, implementation guidelines, lobbying, promotion and advice
Governmental decision
 Digital may take several years to reach the level of the present analogue 



broadcasting
Transition to digital may be much slower than expected unless there is a concerted effort at a a national level
Broadcasting will ultimately become digital, but at what stage the analogue stations may be withdrawn?
As the transition is a costly exercise, small and commercial stations may remain on analogue for very long
A governmental announcement of the analogue withdrawal deadline at an early stage would have a positive effect
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي رادﻳﻮ دﻳﺠﻴﺘﺎل‬
DAB
IBOC-AM
IBOC-FM
DRM
System
Eureka 147
HD Radio / Ibiquity
HD Radio / Ibiquity
Digital Radio
Mondiale
Frequency Band
Band III, L-Band
MF
Band II
LF, MF, HF
Channel width
1,5 MHz
30 kHz
400 kHz
4.5, 5, 9, 10, 18, 20
kHz
Digital Capacity
0,8 – 1,7 Mbps
up to 36 kbps
96kbps
4.8 – 72 kbps
Audio coding
MPEG 1 Layer II
Proprietary
Proprietary
MPEG4 (AAC+)
CELP – HVXC
Efficiency
0.5 – 1.2 bps / Hz
n/a
n/a
1 - 3 bps / Hz
Modulation
COFDM
192-1536 carriers
COFDM
COFDM
Hybrid mode
(Simulcast)
No
Yes
(same channel)
Yes
(same channel)
COFDM
100 - 200 carriers
Yes
(same channel or
adjacent channel)
SFN
Yes
No
No
Yes
Multi service
Yes, up to 64
Yes, up to 2
Yes up to 4
Yes, up to 4
Data
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺸﮑﺮ از ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﴰﺎ‬