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Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam
Foundation for East Sea Studies
Vietnam Lawyers’ Association
THE 7th SOUTH CHINA SEA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE:
COOPERATION FOR REGIONAL SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT
November 23-24, 2015, Vung Tau City, Viet Nam
CONTENTS
CONFERENCE BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 2
PROGRAMME ..................................................................................................................................... 3
MEETING GUIDELINES.................................................................................................................... 9
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................................... 11
BIOGRAPHY OF ROLE PLAYERS ................................................................................................ 27
EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF PAPERS....................................................................................... 53
INDEX I: INFORMATION ABOUT VIETNAM............................................................................ 67
INDEX II: ORGANISING INSTITUTIONS ................................................................................... 72
DIPLOMATIC ACADEMY OF VIETNAM ..........................................................................................................72
FOUNDATION FOR EAST SEA STUDIES ........................................................................................................76
THE VIETNAM LAWYERS’ ASSOCIATION .....................................................................................................79
1
CONFERENCE BACKGROUND
The Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam (DAV), The Foundation for East Sea Studies (FESS)
and the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association (VLA) are pleased to host the 7th South China Sea
International Conference: “Cooperation for Regional Security and Development” on
November 23-24, 2015 in Vung Tau city, Viet Nam.
This 7th Gathering aims to provide participants a special opportunity to assess the
current situation in the South China Sea from an interdisciplinary perspective and to
discuss measures to maintain peace and stability and promote cooperation in the
region.
This 7th Conference will address the following topics:
TOPIC 1
Developments in the World and Its Implications for the South China Sea
TOPIC 2
Developments in and around the South China Sea
TOPIC 3
Major Powers Interactions in the South China Sea
TOPIC 4
International Law
TOPIC 5
The Way Forward
TOPIC 6
Simulation: Settlement, Delimitation and Joint Developments in the South China Sea
For the first time in our series, the Young Leaders Program has been established in this
7th conference, providing exceptional opportunities for young researchers and PhD
candidates to network and contribute their fresh ideas on how to foster cooperation in
the South China Sea. Young Leaders Group is secured a place in the 6th session to
present their joint initiative to enhance cooperation in the South China Sea.
2
PROGRAMME
Venue: The Imperial Hotel, 159 Thuy Van Street, Vung Tau City , Vietnam
Sunday – November 22, 2015
All Day
6:30-9:00 PM
Arrival of International Participants
Welcome dinner (For International Participants), hosted by Mr. Nguyen Van Quyen,
President of the Vietnamese Lawyers Association
Location: The Imperial Hotel
DAY 1
Monday - November 23, 2015
8:00-8:30 AM
Registration
8:30-9:15 AM
OPENING SESSION
Moderator: Mr. Nguyen Van Quyen, President of the Vietnamese Lawyers
Association (VLA)
Opening Remarks by Amb. Dr. Dang Dinh Quy, President of the Diplomatic
Academy of Vietnam
Keynote Address by Mr. Nguyen Hong Linh, Secretary of the Provincial Party
Committee of Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province
9.15-10.30 AM
SESSION 1: Developments in the World and Its Implications for the
South China Sea
Moderator: Amb. Dr. Dang Dinh Quy, President of the Diplomatic Academy of
Vietnam
Prof. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies, Center for Policy Research,
New Delhi, India
Developments in the World and Its Implications for the SCS: Balance of
Powers
Captain (ROK Navy Ret.) Sukjoon Yoon, Senior Research Fellow, Korea Institute
for Maritime Strategy, Seoul, Korea
The European Concept of Balance of Power in the South China Sea: What
is the Role of the Middle Powers?
3
Dr. Shen Dingli, Professor and Associate Dean at the Institute of International
Studies, Fudan University, China
A Chinese Perspective on Cooperation in South China Sea
Prof. Liselotte Odgaard, Royal Danish Defence College, Denmark
International Hotspots: China’s Strategy of Deterrence and Legitimacy in
the South and East China Sea Disputes
Dr. Nguyen Nam Duong, Deputy Director General, Institute for Foreign Policy and
Strategic Studies , DAV, Vietnam
The Evolving Maritime Security Architecture in the Asia-Pacific and its
Implications for Conflict Management in the South China Sea
10.30-10.35 AM
Photo Session
10.35-11.00 AM
Coffee Break
11.00-12.00 AM
SESSION 1(cont.)
Q&A and Discussion
12.00-1.00 PM
Luncheon
1.00-3.00 PM
SESSION 2: Developments in and around the South China Sea
Moderator: Prof. David Arase, Professor of International Politics, Hopkins-Nanjing
Center, Nanjing, China
Ms. Rukmani Gupta, Senior Asia-Pacific Analyst for IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly
Status-quo on the Sea: Examining Reclamation and Building Activities
Dr. Mathieu Duchatel, Deputy Director of the Asia and China Program of the
European Council on Foreign Relations
The South China Sea and China’s Nuclear Deterrence Strategy
Prof. Herman Joseph S. Kraft, Associate Dean for Administration and External
Affairs, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Philippines
Overall Developments in the South China Sea
Dr. Le Quy Quynh, Director General, Maritime Affairs Department, National
Boundary Commission, Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Overview of Maritime Delimitation and Joint Development in The South
China Sea
4
3.00-3.30 PM
Coffee Break
3.30-5.30 PM
SESSION 3: Major Powers Interactions in the South China Sea
Moderator: Prof. Brahma Chellaney, Professor of Strategic Studies, Center for Policy
Research, New Delhi, India
Prof. Nguyen Manh Hung, Visiting Senior Fellow, ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute,
Singapore
Disputes in the South China Sea, Major Powers’s Interactions, Small
States’ Predicament
Dr. Xue Li, Director of Department of International Strategy, Institute of World
Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
South China Sea Dispute and Game between Main Powers
Dr. Patrick M. Cronin, Senior Advisor and Senior Director, Asia-Pacific Security
Program, Center for a New American Security, USA
Stability and Rule of Law in the South China Sea: A U.S. Perspective
Dr. Ken Jimbo, Associate Professor, the Faculty of Policy Management, Keio
University, Japan
Major Powers Interaction in the South China Sea: Japanese Perspective
Mr. Anton Tsvetov, Media and Government Relations Manager, Russian
International Affairs Council, Russia
Russia and the South China Sea: Strategic Context and Opportunities for
Constructive Engagement
DAY 2
Tuesday - November 24, 2015
SESSION 4: International Law
8:00-9:45 AM
Moderator: Prof. Robert G. Volterra, Partner of Volterra Fietta (Law Firm), UK
Prof. Alex Oude Elferink, Director of Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea,
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
The Role of International Law in the South China Sea Disputes
Dr. Nong Hong, Director, Research Center for Oceans Law & Policy, National
Institute for South China Sea Studies; Executive Director, Institute for ChinaAmerica Studies, China
Historic Concepts Vs. Other Maritime Regimes in the South China Sea
5
Mr. Bill Hayton, Associate Fellow, Chatham House (the Royal Institute for
International Affairs), London, UK
Unreliable evidence and the South China Sea Problem
Dr. Vu Thanh Ca, Assoc. Prof., Director, Research Institute for the Management of
Seas and Islands, Vietnam Administration of Seas and Islands
Requirement for an Ocean Governance Framewok for The Protection of
Environment and Biological Resource in the South China Sea for
Sustainable Development
9:45-10:15 AM
Coffee Break
10:15-12:00 AM
SESSION 5: International Law (cont.)
Moderator: Prof. Alex Oude Elferink, Director of Netherlands Institute for the Law
of the Sea (NILOS)
Prof. Robert G. Volterra, Partner of Volterra Fietta (Law Firm), UK
The State obligation to exercise self-restraint, no threat and no use of
force in undelimited maritime areas under Articles 74(3) and 83(3) of
UNCLOS
Prof. Jonathan Odom, Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies,
Honolulu, U.S.
A “Rules-Based Approach” to Enhance Maritime Safety in the SCS
Mr. Abd Rahim Hussin, Former Undersecretary, National Security Council, Prime
Minister’s Department, Malaysia; Adjunct Associate Professor, University New South
Wales (UNSW)
International Law: Rights and Obligations on Search and Rescue
Prof. Michael Sheng-ti Gau, Institute of Law of the Sea, National Taiwan Ocean
University, Taiwan
The Prospects for the Sino-Philippine Arbitration on the South China
Sea (U-Shaped Line) Dispute
12.00-1.00 PM
Luncheon
1.00-2.45 PM
SESSION 6: The Way Forward
Moderator: H.E. Le Cong Phung, Vice Chairman, The Foundation for East Sea
Studies (FESS)
Prof. Jay Batongbacal, Director, U.P. Institute for Maritime Affairs & Law of the
Sea, University of the Philippines
6
Preparing for Post-Arbitration Scenarios
Prof. Carl Thayer, The University of New South Wales, the Australian Defence
Force Academy, Canberra, Australia
The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea and Beyond
Amb. Mr. Salman Al Farisi, Senior Advisor for Institutional Relations, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia
South China Sea within Indo-Pacific Region
Ms. Yanmei Xie, Senior China Analyst, International Crisis Group
Joint Development in the South China Sea: Lessons from the Past and
Future Prospect
2.45-3.15 PM
Coffee Break
3.15-3.45 PM
New Initiatives for South China Sea, Representative from SCS Young Leaders Group
Moderator: Prof. Leszek Buszynski, Professor, Australian Defence Force Academy,
University of New South Wales
3.45-5.15 PM
SESSION 7: Simulation: Settlement, Delimitation and Joint
Developments in the South China Sea
Moderator: Prof. Leszek Buszynski, Professor, Australian Defence Force Academy,
University of New South Wales
(Each panelist presents their respective country’s position regarding the Proposal and
then proceed with negotiation)
Prof. Robert Beckman, Director of Center of International Law, National
University of Singapore
The South China Sea: Prospects for Cooperation to Manage the Disputes
Prof. Su Hao, Director, Center for Strategic and Peace Studies, China Foreign
Affairs University; President, Beijing Geopolitical Strategy and Development
Association
China
Prof. Jay Batongbacal, Director, U.P. Institute for Maritime Affairs & Law of the
Sea, University of the Philippines
Philippines
7
Mr. Shahriman Lockman, Senior Analyst, the Foreign Policy and Security Studies
Programme, Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia
Malaysia
Dr. Tran Truong Thuy, Senior Research Fellow, Bien Dong Institute, Diplomatic
Academy of Vietnam (DAV)
Vietnam
5.15-5.30 PM
6.30-9.00 PM
Closing Remarks
Farewell Dinner, hosted by H.E. Le Cong Phung, Vice Chairman, FESS
(Please be at the hotel’s lobby at 6.30 pm)
8
MEETING GUIDELINES
Venue: The Imperial Hotel, 159 Thuy Van Street, Vung Tau City , Vietnam
9
Conference Contact Person
Ms.
Ho
Hong
Hanh
[email protected]
-
Mobile:
+84.936.199.921
-
Email:
Registration and identification badges
A registration counter will be set up for registration at the time of the workshop.
Badges will be issued upon completion of registration by participants and
verification by the Conference staffs at the registration counter.
Time and venue for registration
November 23rd, 2015: 08.00 – 08.30 (The Imperial Hotel )
Dress code

Formal business attire is required for the Opening Session.

For other sessions, business casual is appropriate.
Internet
Wireless Internet is available at the Conference Hall.
Electricity
The electric current is 220 Volt AC throughout the country. The electric plugs and
sockets are designed for two round pin plugs. It is recommended that
participants bring their own adaptors to comply with the electric current and
plugs.
Rules of Proceedings

Each speaker has 12 minutes to present his/her paper.

Other participants have 3 minutes each to make comments, raise questions
during Q&A sections.

Other decisions will be made by the moderator.
10
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPANTS
- in alphabetical order of last names -
1
Prof. David Arase
Professor of International Politics, Johns
Hopkins SAIS-Hopkins Nanjing Center,
Nanjing University, China
2
Prof. Leszek Buszynski
Professor, Australian Defence Force
Academy, University of New South Wales,
Australia
3
Prof. Robert Beckman
Director, the Centre for International Law,
National
University
of
Singapore,
Singapore
4
Dr. Jay Batongbacal
Director, U.P. Institute for Maritime
Affairs & Law of the Sea, University of the
Philippines, Philippines
5
Ms. Rabea Brauer
Resident Representative to Vietnam,
Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation, Germany
6
Dr. Patrick M. Cronin
Senior Advisor and Senior Director, the
Asia-Pacific Security Program, Center for
a New American Security (CNAS), USA
7
Prof. Brahma Chellaney
Professor of Strategic Studies, Center for
Policy Research, New Delhi, India
8
Mr. Romana Chito
President, Philippine Association
Chinese Studies (PACS), Philippines
9
Ms. Edwyna Chua
Research Analyst, Ministry of Defence,
Singapore
10
Ms. Lee Hsiang Chi
Researcher,
Institute
of
Chinese
Communist Studies, Chinese Taipei
11
Ms. Shih Yi Chun
Researcher,
Institute
of
Chinese
11
for
12
Mr. Bor Show Chen
Director General on Home Assignment,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Chinese Taipei
13
Mr. David S.t.Chen
Section Chief, Department of Treaty and
Legal Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Chinese Taipei
14
Prof. Shen Dingli
Professor and Associate Dean, Fudan
University’s Institute of International
Studies, China
15
Dr. Mathieu Duchatel
Deputy Director, Asia and China program,
European Council on Foreign Relations,
France
16
Dr. Michael DiGregorio
Vietnam Country Representative, The
Asia Foundation
17
Prof. Alex Oude Elferink
Director, Netherlands Institute for the law
of the sea (NILOS), Utrecht University, the
Netherlands
18
Amb. Salman Al Farisi
Senior Advisor for Institutional Relations,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic
of Indonesia
19
Ms. Rukmani Gupta
Senior Analyst for Asia-Pacific on IHS
Jane’s Military Capabilities Desk
20
Prof. Michael Sheng-ti Gau
Professor of International Law, Institute
for the Law of the Sea, National Taiwan
Ocean University
21
Mr. Haidi Nur Hashfi
Third Secretary/Policy Analyst, Asia
Pacific Region Centre of Policy Analysis
and Development for Asia-Pacific and
African Region, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
of the Republic of Indonesia
22
Prof. Nguyen Manh Hung
Visiting Senior Fellow, ISEAS - Yusof Ishak
Institute, Singapore
23
LT Blake Herzinger
Liaison officer, US Navy, USA
12
24
Prof. Su Hao
Professor/ Director, Center for Strategic
and Peace Studies, China Foreign Affairs
University, China
25
Dr. Nong Hong
Director, Research Center for Oceans Law
& Policy, National Institute for South
China Sea Studies; Executive Director,
Institute for China-America Studies
(ICAS), China
26
Mr. Bill Hayton
Associate Fellow of Chatham House, UK
27
Mr. Abd Rahim Hussin
Adjunct Associate Professor, University
New
South
Wales;
Former
Undersecretary,
National
Security
Council, Prime Minister’s Department,
Malaysia
28
Mr. Isaac Hsieh
Section Chief, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Chinese Taipei
29
Mr. Robert Harris
Assistant Legal Adviser for East Asia and
Pacific Affairs, United States Department
of State, USA
30
Dr. Ken Jimbo
Associate Professor, the Faculty of Policy
Management, Keio University, Japan
31
Dr. C. J. Jenner
First Sea Lord Fellow and Senior Research
Fellow, Cambridge University, UK
32
Prof. Herman Joseph S.
Kraft
Associate Dean for Administration and
External Affairs, College of Social Sciences
and Philosophy, Philippines
33
Prof. Hirohide Kurihara
Research Institute for Languages and
Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies,
Japan
34
Mr. Shahriman Lockman
Senior Analyst, the Foreign Policy and
Security Studies Programme, Institute of
Strategic and International Studies,
Malaysia
13
35
Ms. Le Thu Hien
Program Manager, The Asia Foundation,
USA
36
Dr. Xue Li
Associate
Professor,
Director
of
Department of International Strategy,
Institute of World Economics and Politics,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
(CASS), China
37
Mr. Yu-cheng Lai
Officer, Department of Treaty and Legal
Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Chinese Taipei
38
Ms. Amanda Lim
Research Analyst, Ministry of Defence,
Singapore
39
Mr. Elijah Lau
Research Specialist, Ministry of Defence,
Singapore
40
Mr. Faizul Ismail
Mohamed
Assistant Director, Prime
Department, Malaysia
41
Mr. Cameron Mitchell
Head of Geopolitical Risk, Asia Pacific,
HSBC, Hong Kong, China
42
Mr. Lyle J. Morris
Project Associate, RAND Corporation, USA
43
Prof. Liselotte Odgaard
Associate Professor, Institute for Strategy,
Royal Danish Defence College, Denmark
44
Prof. Jonathan Odom
Commander, JAG Corps, U.S. Navy;
Military Professor, Daniel K. Inouye AsiaPacific Center for Security Studies, USA
45
Dr. Hao Duy Phan
Senior Research Fellow, Centre for
International Law, National University of
Singapore, Singapore
46
Mr. Nom Piseth
Deputy Director-General of General
Department of ASEAN, Ministry of
Foreign
Affairs
and
International
Cooperation of Kingdom of Cambodia
47
Assoc. Prof. Christopher
Roberts
Director of Executive Education, UNSW at
the Australian Defence Force Academy,
Australia
Minister’s
14
48
Mr. Raiz Razally
Assistant Director, Prime
Department, Malaysia
49
Prof. Kuo Hsiang Sun
Associate Professor, Department of
International Affairs and Business,
Nanhua University, Chinese Taipei
50
Mr. Mohamad Hery
Director for the Centre of Policy Analysis
and Development for Asia and Pacific
Region, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the
Republic of Indonesia
Saripudin
Minister’s
51
Mr. Heng Sarith
Bureau Chief of General Department of
ASEAN, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
International Cooperation of Kingdom of
Cambodia
52
Mr. Em Sovannara
Director of Political and Security
Relations Department, International
Relations Institute of Cambodia (IRIC),
Cambodia
53
Mr. Paul Sinclair
Regional Security Fellow, Centre for
Strategic Studies, Victoria University of
Wellington, New Zealand
54
Prof. Carl Thayer
Emeritus Professor, the University of New
South Wales, the Australian Defence
Force Academy, Australia
55
Mr. Anton Tsvetov
Media and Government Relations
Manager, Russian International Affairs
Council, Russia
56
Dr. Hsu Sheng Tai
Acting Director, Institute of Chinese
57
Ms. Clelia Lucy Uhart
First Secretary Head of Foreign and
Security policy team, British Embassy
Beijing, China
58
Prof. Robert G. Volterra
Partner of Volterra Fietta (The Public
International Law Firm), UK
59
Mr. Somphay
Vongmahachack
Director, Institute of Foreign Affairs, the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lao PDR
15
60
Amb. Yong Chanthalangsy
Director General, Institute of Foreign
Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Lao PDR
61
Mr. Chang Han Wen
Head of Research, Institute of Chinese
62
Ms. Yanmei Xie
Senior Analyst, International Crisis Group
63
Captain (Ret.) Sukjoon
Yoon
Senior Research Fellow, Korea Institute
for Maritime Strategy, Seoul, Korea
64
Ms. Ying Yang
Associate Research Fellow, Law School,
Sun Yat-Sen University, China
65
Prof. Kuan-Hsiung Wang
Professor at National Taiwan Normal
University, Chinese Taipei
66
Mr. Geoffrey Wessel
Analyst, United States Department of
State, USA
LOCAL PARTICIPANTS
- in alphabetical order of first names -
67
Mr. Bui Duc An
Researcher, Institute for Strategic
Studies, 2nd General Department,
Ministry of National Defense
68
Dr. Le Quang Anh
Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences
69
Col. Huynh Duc Ba
Representative in the South, Institute for
Science and Strategies, Ministry of Public
Security
70
Mr. Lai Thai Binh
Deputy Director General,
Department, MOFA
71
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Vu Thanh Ca
Director, Research Institute for the
Management
of
Seas
and
Islands,Vietnam Administration of Seas
and Islands
America
16
72
Mr. Pham Quoc Ca
Deputy Director, Department of Natural
Resource and Environment, Hai Phong
City
73
Dr. Nguyen Manh Cuong
Director General, Department of General
Studies, Central Commission for External
Relations
74
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Cong Chien
Director General, Institute for Border
Strategy, Border Defense Force Academy
75
Mr. Nguyen Thanh Chinh
Deputy Director General, Institute for
Strategic
Studies,
2nd
General
Department, Ministry of National
Defense
76
Mr. Nguyen Thanh Chinh
Chairman, People’s Committee of Con
Dao District, Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province
77
Mr. Nguyen Chi Duc
Director General, Department of Home
Affairs, Government Office
78
Mr. Nguyen Manh Dong
Acting Director General, Department of
Propaganda, Information and Database,
National Border Committee, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
79
Sen. Col. Nguyen Thanh Dong
Defence
International
Relations,
Ministry of National Defence
80
Mr. Tran Viet Dung
Director, Con Dao District Project
Management Unit, Ba Ria – Vung Tau
Province
81
Mr. Le Thanh Dung
Vice Chairman, People’s Committee, Bac
Lieu Province
82
Mr. Hoang Ngoc Giao
Lawyer, Vietnam Bar Federation
83
Prof. Dr. Vu Minh Giang
Chairman, Council for Academic and
Research Affairs, Vietnam National
University, Hanoi
17
84
Ms. Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh
Official,
Consular
and
Overseas
Vietnamese Affairs Division, Department
of External Relations, Da Nang City
85
Mr. Huynh Thanh Hai
Deputy Director, Department of External
Relations, Kien Giang Province
86
Sen. Col. Nguyen Van Hai
Head of Division of Mapping, High
Command of Vietnam People’s Navy
87
Mr. Trinh Xuan Huong
Official, Northeast Asia Department,
MOFA
88
Mr. Bui Sy Hoa
Deputy Director General, Authority of
Foreign Information Service, Ministry of
Information and Communications
89
Amb. Nguyen Duc Hung
Former
Canada
90
Col. Nguyen Trinh Hung
Deputy Head of Section for Operating
Guidline, Vietnamese Coast Guard
Command
91
Col. Trinh Kim Kham
Chief of Staff, Border Defense Force, Soc
Trang Province
92
Mr. Nguyen Viet Kien
Deputy Director
Department, MOFA
93
Ms. Le Phuong Lan
Official,
Press
and
Department, MOFA
94
Mr. Nguyen Hong Linh
Secretary of the Ba Ria – Vung Tau
Provincial Party Committee
95
Mr. Pham Van Linh
Vice Chairman, Central Propaganda and
Training Commission
96
Mr. Nguyen Thanh Long
Ministry of Public Security
Vietnamese
Ambassador
General,
to
ASEAN
Information
18
97
Mr. Le Quang Long
Relations, Ho Chi Minh City
98
Mr. Dao Kim Long
Director General, National Defense –
Security Department, Ministry of
Planning and Investment
99
Dr. Tran Thang Long
Deputy Head, Division of Legal English,
Ho Chi Minh City University of Law
100
Mr. Dinh Tran Loi
Director General,
Ministry of Finance
101
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pham Quang Minh
Vice Rector, University of Social Sciences
and Humanities, Hanoi
102
Mr. Le Dy Nam
Head of Coordination Division, Authority
of Foreign Information Service, Ministry
of Information and Communications
103
Mr. Tran Cong Phu
Relations, Thua Thien Hue Province
104
Dr. Le Quy Quynh
Director General,
Marine
Affairs
Department of the National Boundary
Commission, MOFA
105
Maj. Gen. Nguyen Hong Quan
Military Strategy, Ministry of National
Defence
106
Mr. Duong Hoang Sum
Deputy Head, Propaganda and Training
Commission, Tra Vinh Provincial Party
Committee
107
Mr. Nguyen Thanh Son
Relations, Binh Dinh Province
108
Mr. Nguyen Ba Son
Former Director General, Law and
International Treaty Department, MOFA
109
Ms. Huynh Thi Anh Suong
Director, Department of External
Relations, Quang Ngai Province
Department
19
1,
110
Mr. Nguyen Tan
111
Mr. Tran Ngoc Tam
Deputy Secretary of the Ben Tre
Provincial Party Committee
112
Mr. Nguyen Quoc Tram
Relations, Khanh Hoa Province
113
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tran Nam Tien
Deputy Director, Center for Sea and
Islands Studies, University of Social
Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh
City
114
Mr Le Manh Tien
115
Mr. Do Ngoc Thinh
Vice President, Vietnam Bar Federation
116
Mr. Le Van Truc
Vice Chairman, People’s Committee, Phu
Yen Province
117
Sen. Col. Nguyen Huu Thang
Vice Commander, Border Defense Force,
Quang Nam Province
118
Col. Mai Bien Thuy
Vice Chief of Staff, 2nd Regional
Command, High Command of Vietnam
People’s Navy
119
Mr. Nguyen Huu Tuc
Researcher, ASEAN – ARF Division,
Institute for Defence International
Relations, Ministry of National Defence
120
Sen. Col. Nguyen Van Thoa
Vice Commander, Chief of Staff, Border
Defense Force, Binh Thuan Province
121
Mr. Dao Nguyen Thach
Official, General Department 1, Ministry
of Public Security
122
Mr. Le Hong Tien
Senior Official, National Defense –
Security Department, Ministry of
Planning and Investment
123
Mr. Le Hai Trieu
Deputy Director General, Law and
International Treaty Department, MOFA
20
124
Ms. Nguyen Thi Tuyen
Politics & Foreign Economy Division,
Department of External Relations, Ho
Chi Minh City
125
Mr. Duong Long Tri
Director, Fisheries Information Center,
Directorate of Fisheries, Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development
126
Mr. Dao Quang Trung
Director General, East Sea and Islands
Issues, Government Office
127
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Ngoc
Truong
President, Center for Strategic Studies
and International Development
128
Mr. Le Quang Vinh
Vice Chief, Party Central Committee
Office
129
Mr. Phung Tan Viet
Vice Chairman, People’s Committee, Da
Nang City
130
Mr. Hoang Viet
Lecturer, Ho Chi Minh City University of
Law
131
Ms. Pham Thi Hong Xuan
Vice Dean at Ho Chi Minh City National
University and Chairperson of the
Association
of
Vietnam-ASEAN
Friendship
SOUTH CHINA SEA YOUNG LEADERS PROGRAMME
132
Poh Ming Yan Angela
S. Rajaratnam School of International
Studies, , Singapore
133
Liu Chang
Ph.D Student in International Relations,
China Foreign Affairs University, China
134
David Robert Fitzsimmons
The University of Sydney, Australia
135
Grégoire-François Legault
University of Ottawa, Canada
136
Nguyen Ngoc Lan
Ph.D Student in International Law,
21
University of Cambride, UK
137
Lim Kheng Swe
S. Rajaratnam School of International
Studies, Singapore
138
Tran Thi Ngoc Suong
Department of International Studies,
University of Foreign Language Studies,
University of Da Nang, Viet Nam
139
Truong Minh Huy Vu
Director, Centre for International
Studies, University of Social Sciences and
Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS AND REPRESENTATIVES IN VIET NAM
140
Ms. Nadia Krivetz
Australia
Political Counsellor, Embassy of Australia
141
Ms. Alison Keys
Australia
First Secretary, Embassy of Australia
142
Ms. Dinh Quynh Mai
Australia
Senior Political
Australia
143
Ms. Anke Van Lancker
Belgium
First Secretary, Embassy of Belgium
144
Ms. Sobrina Rosli
145
Ms. Savny Phen
146
Officer,
Embassy
of
Brunei
Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of
Brunei
Cambodia
Deputy Head of Mission, Royal Embassy
of Cambodia
Mr. Richard Bale
Canada
Consulate General of Canada in Ho Chi
Minh City
147
Mr. Vu Tu Dat
Canada
Political Officer, Embassy of Canada
148
Mr. Dung Vu
Canada
Diplomatic office, Consulate General of
Canada in Ho Chi Minh City
22
149
Mr. Yen Ming-Nan
Chinese
Taipei
Third Secretary, Taipei Economic and
Cultural Office in Hanoi
150
Ms. Ko Yu - Chien
Chinese
Taipei
Deputy Director, Taipei Economic and
Cultural Office in Ho Chi Minh City
151
Mr. Chritian Brix Moller
152
Ms. Delphine Malard
153
Mr. Remi Lambert
154
Mr. Nicolo Costantini
Italy
First Secretary, Embassy of Italy
155
H.E. Amb. Preeti Saran
India
Ambassador, Embassy of India
156
H.E. Mr. Mayerfas
Indonesia
Ambassador, Embassy of the Republic of
Indonesia
157
Mr. Yudi Fitriandi
Indonesia
Minister Counsellor, Embassy of the
Republic of Indonesia
158
Mr. Dedy Cahyadi Irianto
Indonesia
First Secretary, Embassy of the Republic
of Indonesia
159
Mr. Jean Anes
Indonesia
Consul General of the Republic of
Indonesia in Ho Chi Minh City
160
Mr. Toru Kodama
Japan
First Secretary, Embassy of Japan in
Vietnam
161
Mr. Nishizaki Tatsuya
Japan
Second Secretary, Embassy of Japan in
Vietnam
162
Ms. Robie Taylor
New Zealand
Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of New
Zealand
Denmark
EU
France
Deputy Head of Mission, Denmark
Embassy
First Counsellor, Head of politics, Press
and Information Section
Premier Counsellor, French Embassy
23
163
Mr. Dmitry Krivosheev
Russia
Consul, Consulate General of the Russian
Federation in Ho Chi Minh City
164
Mr. Ho Kok Loke
Singapore
Counsellor, Embassy of the Republic of
Singapore
165
Mr . Siu Hong Yuen
Singapore
Deputy Head of Mission, Embassy of the
Republic of Singapore
166
Ms. Hejin Kim
167
Ms. Barbara AmonoOceng
UK
Political Section Chief, British Embassy
168
Mr. Tran Anh Duc
UK
External Political Officer, British Embassy
169
Mr. Charles Sellers
USA
Political Section Chief, U.S. Consulate
General in Ho Chi Minh City
170
Mr. Brett Blackshaw
USA
Political Counselor, Embassy of US
171
Mr. Michael Kidwell
USA
Deputy Political Counselor, Embassy of
US
172
CDR Jay Dewan
USA
Defense Attaché Office, U.S. Embassy,
Hanoi
South Korea
First Secretary, Korean Embassy
VIETNAM LAWYERS’ ASSOCIATION
173
Dr. Nguyen Van Quyen
President
174
Ms. Le Thi Kim Thanh
Vice President
175
Dr. Nguyen Thi Son
Deputy General Secretary
24
176
Mr. Nguyen Thanh Tuu
President, Ba Ria – Vung Tau Lawyers
Association
177
Mr. Pham Xuan Mai
Vice President, Ba Ria – Vung Tau
Lawyers Association
178
Mr. Nguyen Van Hue
Vietnam Lawyers Association
179
Mr. Nguyen Quoc Hung
180
Mr. Tran Vinh Nguyen
181
Mr. Tran Xuan Quang
THE FOUNDATION FOR EAST SEA STUDIES
182
H.E. Le Cong Phung
Vice Chairman, The Foundation for East
Sea Studies
183
Dr. Tran Truong Thuy
Executive Director, The Foundation for
East Sea Studies
184
Ms. Hoang Thi Lan
The Foundation for East Sea Studies
185
Mr. Nguyen Tien Thinh
The Foundation for East Sea Studies
DIPLOMATIC ACADEMY OF VIETNAM
186
Amb. Dr. Dang Dinh Quy
President
187
Dr. Nguyen Thi Lan Anh
Vice Dean, Faculty of International Law &
Deputy Director General, Bien Dong
Institute
188
Dr. Nguyen Nam Duong
Foreign Policy and Strategic Studies
25
189
Ms. Ho Hong Hanh
Researcher, Bien Dong Institute
190
Mr. Le Quang Hung
191
Dr. Ha Anh Tuan
192
Ms. Le Thuy Trang
193
Ms. To Dieu Lan
194
Dr. Trinh Hai Yen
Others
International & Local Press
26
BIOGRAPHY OF ROLE PLAYERS
- in alphabetical order of the last names -
Prof. DAVID ARASE
Ph.D, Political Science, UC Berkeley, 1989
M.A., International Relations, SAIS, 1982
B.A., Cornell U., 1977
The Hopkins-Nanjing Center,
Johns Hopkins-SAIS
Email: [email protected]
Before joining the Hopkins-Nanjing Center in 2011, Dr. Arase
taught for 22 years in the Politics Department at Pomona
College in Claremont, CA. He has published four books and
many articles and commentaries on East Asian politics and
international relations. Two more books, tentatively entitled
China's Rise and East Asian Order (editor), and China’s Rise to
Asian Predominance (single author), are under contract with
Palgrave and are expected out in 2016. His most recent book
(co-edited with T. Akaha), The US-Japan alliance: balancing
soft and hard power in East Asia (Nissan Institute/Routledge,
2010), won the 2011 Ohira Memorial Foundation Special
Prize. In the past two years he has been a visiting scholar at
the National Institute for Defense Studies in Tokyo and the
Institute for Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore.
Prof. LESZEK BUSZYNSKI
Australian Defence Force
Academy, University of New
South Wales
Email:
[email protected]
Leszek Buszynski is a visiting fellow with the National
Security College at the Australian National University,
Canberra Australia. From 1994-2010 he was professor of
International Relations in the Graduate School of
International Relations at the International University of
Japan. Prior to this appointment he was a research fellow
with Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian
national University. He was also a lecturer with the
Department of Political Science at the National University of
Singapore over 1980-1987. He has published widely on Asia
Pacific security issues and is co editor of the Routledge series
on Asia Pacific Security. His most recent publications are;
Negotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the
Nuclear Issue, Routlege, 2013, The South China Sea Maritime
Dispute; Political, legal and Regional Perspectives, Routledge
27
2014 [co edited with Chris Roberts]
Prof. ROBERT BECKMAN
Centre for International Law,
National University of
Singapore
Bob Beckman is the Director of the Centre for International
Law (CIL), a university-wide research centre at the National
University of Singapore (NUS). He is also an Associate
Professor at the NUS Faculty of Law, where he has taught for
36 years. Professor Beckman currently teaches Ocean Law &
Policy in Asia and International Regulation of Shipping at
the NUS Faculty of Law. He also taught Public International
Law and International Legal Process for many years.
Professor Beckman lectures on law of the sea in the summer
programme at the Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law & Policy
in Rhodes, Greece, and in the International Maritime
Boundary Workshops organized by CIL and the
International Boundaries Research Unit (IBRU) of Durham
University.
Professor Beckman received his J.D. from the University of
Wisconsin and his LL.M. from Harvard Law School. He is
also an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the S Rajaratnam School of
International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological
University, and a member of the National Executive
Committee of CSCAP Singapore.
Since the establishment of CIL in 2009, Professor Beckman
has co-edited the following books on ocean law and policy:
S. Jayakumar, Tommy Koh & Robert Beckman, "The South
China Sea Disputes and Law of the Sea" (Edward Elgar,
2014); D Burnett, R Beckman and T Davenport, "Submarine
Cables: The Handbook of Law and Policy" (Martinus Nijhoff
Publishers, 2013); Robert Beckman, Ian Townsend-Gault,
Clive Schofield, Tara Davenport & Leo; Bernard, "Beyond
Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea: Legal
Frameworks for Joint Development of Hydrocarbon
Resources" (Edward Elgar, 2013); Robert C. Beckman and J.
Ashley Roach, "Piracy and International Maritime Crimes in
ASEAN: Prospects for Cooperation" (Edward Elgar, 2012)
His recent journal articles and book chapters on ocean law
and policy include:
Robert C. Beckman & Clive H. Schofield, "Defining EEZ
Claims From Islands: A Potential South China Sea Change",
29(2) International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law
28
(2014), pp. 193-243; Robert Beckman, "The UN Convention
on the Law of the Sea and the Maritime Disputes in the
South China Sea", 107 American Journal of International
Law (2013), pp. 142-163; Robert Beckman, "Piracy and
Armed Robbery Against Ships in Southeast Asia", in Modern
Piracy: Legal Challenges and Responses (Douglas
Guilfoyleed., Edward Elgar, 2013), pp. 13-34
Dr. JAY BATONGBACAL
U.P. Institute for Maritime
Affairs & Law of the Sea
Email:
[email protected]
Jay L Batongbacal is a lawyer from the Philippines with the
degrees of Master of Marine Management and Doctor in the
Science of Law, both from Dalhousie University in Canada.
Since 1997, he has done diverse work in maritime affairs,
including community based fisheries management, coastal
resource management, marine environment protection,
maritime boundaries, high seas fishing, offshore energy,
seafaring, and shipping. He was legal advisor to the
Philippine delegation that successfully pursued the
Philippines’ claim to a continental shelf beyond 200
nautical miles in the Benham Rise Region before the
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. He is
currently assisting the Philippines in making an application
to the International Maritime Organization for the
designation of a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area in the Sulu
Sea. He is also among the List of Experts on Marine
Scientific Research for purposes of Special Arbitration
under Annex VIII of the UNCLOS. He recently completed
research on the US maritime security policy and the South
China Sea disputes under the auspices of the US-ASEAN
Fulbright Initiative Visiting Scholar Program. Presently, he
serves as an Associate Professor at the University of the
Philippines College of Law, and concurrently Director of the
Institute for Maritime Affairs and Law of the Sea of the U.P.
Law Center.
29
Dr. PATRICK M. CRONIN
Patrick M. Cronin is a Senior Advisor and Senior Director of
the Asia-Pacific Security Program at the Center for a New
American Security (CNAS). Previously, he was the Senior
Director of the Institute for National Strategic Studies
(INSS) at the National Defense University, where he
simultaneously oversaw the Center for the Study of Chinese
Military Affairs.
Center for a New American
Security
Dr. Cronin has a rich and diverse background in both AsianPacific security and U.S. defense, foreign and development
policy. Prior to leading INSS, Dr. Cronin served as the
Director of Studies at the London-based International
Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). At the IISS, he also
served as Editor of the Adelphi Papers and as the Executive
Director of the Armed Conflict Database. Before joining
IISS, Dr. Cronin was Senior Vice President and Director of
Research at the Center for Strategic and International
Studies (CSIS).
In 2001, Dr. Cronin was confirmed by the United States
Senate to the third-ranking position at the U.S. Agency for
International Development (USAID). While serving as
Assistant Administrator for Policy and Program
Coordination, Dr. Cronin also led the interagency task force
that helped design the Millennium Challenge Corporation
(MCC).
From 1998 until 2001, Dr. Cronin served as Director of
Research at the U.S. Institute of Peace. Prior to that, he
spent seven years at the National Defense University, first
arriving at INSS in 1990 as a Senior Research Professor
covering Asian and long-range security issues. He was the
founding Executive Editor of Joint Force Quarterly, and
subsequently became both Deputy Director and Director of
Research at the Institute. He received the Army's
Meritorious Civilian Service Award upon his departure
from NDU in 1997.
He has also been a senior analyst at the Center for Naval
Analyses, a U.S. Naval Reserve Intelligence officer, and an
analyst with the Congressional Research Service and SRI
International. He was Associate Editor of Strategic Review
and worked as an undergraduate at the Miami Herald and
the Fort Lauderdale News.
30
Dr. Cronin has taught at Georgetown University’s Security
Studies Program, The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H.
Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and
the University of Virginia’s Woodrow Wilson Department
of Government.
He read International Relations at St Antony’s College,
University of Oxford, where he received both his M.Phil.
and D.Phil. degrees, and graduated with high honors from
the University of Florida. He regularly publishes essays in
leading publications and frequently conducts television and
radio interviews. In addition to many CNAS reports and
numerous articles, his major publications include: Global
Strategic Assessment, 2009: America’s Security Role in a
Changing World; Civilian Surge: Key to Complex Operations
(co-editor); The Impenetrable Fog of War: Reflections on
Modern Warfare and Strategic Surprise; The Evolution of
Strategic Thought: Adelphi Paper Classics; and Double
Trouble: Iran and North Korea as Challenges to
International Security.
Prof. BRAHMA CHELLANEY
Center for Policy Research,
New Delhi
Brahma Chellaney is a geostrategist on international
affairs. He is presently a professor of strategic studies at
the independent Center for Policy Research in New Delhi; a
Richard von Weizsäcker Fellow at the Robert Bosch
Academy in Berlin; a trustee of the National Book
Trust; and an affiliate with the International Centre for the
Study of Radicalization at King’s College London. He has
served as a member of the Policy Advisory Group headed
by the foreign minister of India.
As a specialist on international strategic issues, he held
appointments at Harvard University, the Brookings
Institution, the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced
International Studies at Johns Hopkins University, and the
Australian National University.
His scholarly essays have been published in numerous
journals,
including International
Security,
Orbis, Survival, Terrorism, Washington Quarterly, and
Nature. He is the author of nine books, including an
international bestseller, Asian Juggernaut: The Rise of
China, India, and Japan (New York: Harper Paperbacks,
2010).
31
His latest books focus on the geopolitics of natural
resources, especially water: the recently released Water,
Peace, and War: Confronting the Global Water
Crisis (Rowman & Littlefield); and Water: Asia’s New
Battleground (Georgetown University Press), the winner of
the 2012 Bernard Schwartz Award.
In addition to being a strategic thinker and author, he is a
columnist and commentator, including for Project
Syndicate. His opinion articles appear in the International
Herald Tribune, Wall Street Journal, Financial Times, Le
Monde, The Guardian, The Hindu, Times of India, Mint,
Japan Times, La Vanguardia, Straits Times, South China
Morning Post, and other important newspapers. And he has
often appeared on CNN and BBC, among others.
Dr. VU THANH CA
Education
B.Sc., (Oceanography) Hanoi University (1980). M.E.,
(Coastal Engineering) Asian Institute of Technology,
Thailand (1990). Ph.D., (Environmental Engineering)
Saitama University, Japan (1994).
Working Experience
1980-1988: Marine Hydrometeorological Center,
Hydrometerological Service of Vietnam, Research Associate.
Employer: Hydrometeorological Service of Vietnam.
Vietnam Administration of
Seas and Islands
1990-1990: (August to October) Asian Institute of
Technology, Research Associate.
Employer: Asian Institute of Technology.
1994-1996: Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Saitama University, Japan, Lecturer.
Employer: Saitama University.
1996-2002: Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Saitama University, Japan, Associate Professor.
Employer: Saitama University.
Oct. 2002 - March 2004: Researcher, Marine
Hydrometeorological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
Employer: Hydrometeorological Service of Vietnam.
Apr. 2004 - Aug. 2007: Director, Center for Advanced
32
Technology Application, Institute of Meteorology and
Hydrology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Employer: Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology
Aug. 2007 - Sept. 2008: Director, Center for Marine and
Atmospheric-Ocean Interaction Research, Institute of
Meteorology and Hydrology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Employer: Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology
Oct. 2008: Director, Research Institute for the Management
of Seas and Islands, Vietnam Administration of Seas and
Islands
Dr. SHEN DINGLI
Institute of International
Studies, Fudan University
Shen Dingli is a professor and associate dean at Fudan
University’s Institute of International Studies. He has
taught international security, China-US relations, China’s
foreign and defense policy in China, the US and the
“Semester at Sea” Program. His research and publication
covers China-US security relations, regional security and
international strategy, arms control and nonproliferation,
foreign and defense policy of China and the US etc. He is
Vice President of Chinese Association of South Asian
Studies, Shanghai Association of International Studies,
Shanghai Association of American Studies, and Shanghai
UN Research Association. He received his Ph.D. in physics
from Fudan in 1989 and did post-doc in arms control at
Princeton University from 1989-1991.
He was an
Eisenhower Fellow in 1996, and advised in 2002 the then
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan for his strategic planning
of second term. He is on the Global Council of Asia Society,
and is appointed by Shanghai Municipality and Hongzhou
Municipality as both Shanghai Convention Ambassador and
Hongzhou Convention Ambassador. He has co-edited 17
books and published over 2,000 papers and articles
worldwide.
33
Dr. MATHIEU DUCHATEL
European Council on Foreign
Relations
Email:
[email protected]
Dr. Mathieu Duchâtel is Senior Policy Fellow and Deputy
Director of the Asia and China Program at the European
Council of Foreign Relations. Based in the Paris office of the
ECFR, he works on Asian security, with a focus on maritime
security, the Korean peninsula and China’s foreign and
security policy. Before joining ECFR in November 2015, he
was Senior Researcher and Representative in Beijing of the
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (20112015), Research Fellow with Asia Centre in Paris (20072011) and Associate Researcher based in Taipei with Asia
Centre (2004-2007). He holds a Ph.D in political science
from the Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po, Paris).
He has spent a total of nine years in Shanghai (Fudan
University), Taipei (National Chengchi University) and
Beijing and has been a Visiting Fellow at the Japan Institute
of International Affairs. His latest co-authored book,
China’s Strong Arm, Protecting Citizens and Assets Abroad
was published in the Adelphi collection by IISS and
Routledge in 2015.
Dr. NGUYEN NAM DUONG
Dr. Nguyen Nam Duong is currently Deputy Director
General of the Institute for Foreign Policy and Strategic
Studies at the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam. Nam Duong
has been working at the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam as
a researcher since his graduation in 2001. His research
interests include international relations and security issues
in the Asia-Pacific, and foreign policy of Vietnam. Nam
Duong got his PhD degree in Politics at the Australian
Defence Force Academy in 2010.
Institute for Foreign Policy
and Strategic Studies,
Diplomatic Academy of
Vietnam
34
Prof. ALEX OUDE ELFERINK
Netherlands Institute for the
law of the sea, Utrecht
University
Alex Oude Elferink is currently Director at the Netherlands
Institute for the law of the sea (NILOS), Utrecht University,
the Netherlands, at which university he also holds the
chairs in international law of the sea. He also is an adjunct
professor at the K.G. Jebsen Centre for the law of the sea,
University of Tromsø, Norway. He has been working at
NILOS since 1990 and at the Jebsen Centre since 2013.
Between 1994 and 1996 he worked at the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Nicaragua. He has published on maritime
boundary delimitation, the law of the sea in the Polar
regions, the definition and outer limits of the continental
shelf, the protection of the marine environment and
fisheries and other law of the sea issues. His recent
publications includeThe Delimitation of the Continental
Shelf between Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands;
Arguing Law, Practicing Politics (CUP, 2013) and he is the
co-editor of The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea
(OUP, 2015). Apart from his academic work, he is involved
in consultancy work. Recently, this concerned such topics
as the current debate on the regime for area beyond
national jurisdiction, the implementation of article 76 by
coastal States and possible delimitation scenarios involving
neighboring States. He has acted as counsel for the
Republic of Nicaragua in a number of cases before the
International Court of Justice.
Amb. SALMAN AL FARISI
Salman Al Farisi is a career diplomat, having served many
positions in Indonesia and abroad.
Assignments in Indonesia
1990-1992: Acting Head of Section for Asia Pacific, Sub
Directorate for Technical Coorporation
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
the Republic of Indonesia
Email:
[email protected]
1996-1999: Head of Section for Asia Pacific, Sub
Directorate for Double Taxation Avoidance
2003-2005: Head of Sub Directorate for ECOSOC
2005-2008: Director for Economic and Environmental
Development
Assignements Abroad
35
1992-1995: Third Secretary/Second Secretary, Embassy of
the Republic of Indonesia in Bangkok, Thailand
1999-2003: First Secretary/Councellor, Permanent Mission
of the Republic of Indonesia to the United Nations in New
York, US
2008-2012: Minister/Deputy Chief of Mission, Embassy of
the Republic of Indonesia in Washington D.C., US
2012-2014: Indonesian Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary to the United Arab Emirates in Abu Dhabi
He currently serves as Senior Advisor for Institutional
Relations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Indonesia
Ms. RUKMANI GUPTA
Rukmani Gupta is the Senior Analyst for Asia-Pacific on IHS
Jane’s Military Capabilities Desk. Armed Forces content on
Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania falls within her
remit. Prior to joining IHS, Rukmani was an Associate
Fellow at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
(IDSA), New Delhi, where her research focused on security
issues in East Asia. Rukmani holds an MPhil in Chinese
Studies and MA in International Relations from the School
of International Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University,
New Delhi. Proficient in Mandarin Chinese and Hindi, she is
based in New Delhi, India.
IHS Jane’s Military
Capabilities Desk
Email:
[email protected]
Prof. MICHAEL SHENG-TI GAU
Institute of Law of the Sea,
National Taiwan Ocean
University
Prof. Michael Sheng-ti Gau has degrees of LL.B. (National
Taiwan University), LL.M. (Cambridge), LL.M. (London), and
Ph.D. (Leiden) all specialized in public international law. He
is teaching at Institute of Law of the Sea in National Taiwan
Ocean University. Professor Gau has been legal advisor for
and commissioned by Ministry of the Interior, Fishery
Agency of Council of Agriculture, Ministry of Economics,
Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs on
numerous research projects on law of the sea legal issues,
negotiations
in
Regional
Fisheries
Management
36
Organizations like ICCAT, SPRFMO and WCPFC, as well as
WTO fishery subsidies negotiations, and Taiwan’s
participation in IGOs like ICAO, OIE, WHO etc. For the past 6
years, Professor Gau has been focusing on outer continental
shelf, CLCS and the South China Sea legal issues, with
publications of quite a few articles at Ocean Yearbook,
Ocean Development and International Law, Chinese Journal
of International Law, Journal of East Asia and International
Law, China Oceans Law Review etc.. Professor Gau has been
National Administrator for the Taiwan Regional Round of
the Philip C Jessup International Law Moot Court
Competition (2000-2012). He is involved in aircraft accident
investigations in Taiwan that between 1998 and 2000 he
was the head of legal department for the Aviation Safety
Council of the Executive Yuan. Since 2004 he has been
appointed by the Prime Minister as a ASC Board Member,
and from 2012 to 2014 the Vice-Chairman. Dr. Gau is
married and lives by the mouth of Tam-sui River in Taipei.
Prof. NGUYEN MANH HUNG
Nguyen Manh Hung earned his License en Droit (J.D.
equivalent) from the Faculty of Law, University of Saigon
(1960), his M.A. (1963) and Ph.D. in International Relations
from the Woodrow Wilson Department of Foreign Affairs,
University of Virginia (1965).
ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
A two-time Fulbright Scholar (one as a graduate student
from Vietnam to the U.S. and one as an American professor
to Vietnam) and Social Science Research Council Fellow, Dr.
Hung is the author of several books, book chapters, and
articles in journals such as World Affairs, Asian Survey,
Pacific Affairs, Global Asia, CogitAsia, Amerasia Journal, and
Journal of Asian Thought and Society.
Prior to 1975, he was professor of International Politics at
the National School of Public Administration and the
University of Saigon, Vietnam.
Dr. Hung is a member of the International Studies
Association and has participated in major policy working
groups on Vietnam and Indochina, including the Indochina
Policy Forum of the Aspen Institute, the Indochina Study
Group of the Council on Foreign Relations, and the
Southeast Asia Working Group of the Center for Strategic
and International Studies.
37
His most recent publications include “The Bush Doctrine—
A Minority View,” Working papers on Global Studies No 6,
GMU Center for Global Studies, May 2010; “Vietnam-US
relations: Past, Present, and Future,”Asia Pacific Bulletin No
69, September 24, 2010; “Vietnam-United Relations: A
Thirty-Five Years Retrospective,” International Studies
(Hanoi), No 23, December 2010;“Vietnam’s Eleventh Party
Congress: “Socialist Orientation” and Market Reform,” Asia
Pacific Bulletin, No 94, February 15, 2011; “China’s
excessive territorial claims in the South China Sea are
pushing Vietnam toward the United States;” The Diplomat,
February 15, 2011;“ASEAN’s Scarborough Failure?” The
Diplomat, June 16, 2012; “Drawing a Line in the South
China Sea: Why Beijing Needs to Show Restraint,” Global
Asia, No 4, Winter 2012; “Surprise of Déja Vu? The
Vietnamese Communist Party’s Seventh Plenum,”
CogitAsia, May 15, 2013; “US-Vietnam Nuclear Deal Not a
Reminder of Cold War,” Global Times, December 17, 2013;
“Chinese Oil Rig and Vietnamese Politics: Business as
Usual?” CogitAsia, August 25, 2014; “Oil Rig Crisis in the
South China Sea Prompts Vietnam to Consider Stronger
Ties with the United States,” CogitAsia, May 30,
2014; “Vietnam-China Relations: What You See Is Not What
You Get,” CogitASIA, November 17, 2014; “Shadow of
Vietnam’s Political System Hangs over Party Leader’s
Planned Visit to the United States,” CogitAsia, March 17,
2015
Hung contributed book chapters to New Directions in the
International Relations of Southeast Asia (Singapore
University Press, 1973), Refugees in the United States
(Greenwood Press, 1985), The American War in Vietnam:
Lessons, Legacies, and Implications for Future Conflict
(Greenwood Press, 1987), Refugees in America in the
1990’s (Greenwood Press, 1996), Southeast Asia on the
Growth Path (Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press, 1997),
Southeast Asian Affairs 2004 (Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, 2004), and “U.S.-Vietnam Relations: Evolving
Perceptions,” in Strategic Asia 201-2015: U.S. Alliances and
Partnerships at the Center of Global Powers, National
Bureau of Asian Research, 2014.
Currently, Dr. Hung is Professor Emeritus of Government
and International Relations, George Mason University, and
Visiting Senior Fellow at the Institute of Southeast Asian
38
Studies, Singapore. He teaches courses on American
Foreign Policy, and Government and Politics of Asia.
Prof. SU HAO
Center for Strategic and
Peace Studies, China Foreign
Affairs University
Dr. SU, Hao, is a distinguished professor in the Department
of Diplomacy at the China Foreign Affairs University. He is a
founding director of Center for Strategic and Peace Studies.
He was chairman of Diplomacy Department, director of
China’s Foreign Relations Section, general secretary of East
Asian Studies Center, and director of Center for Asia-Pacific
Studies within this university. He is also affiliated with some
institutions in China, such as, president of Beijing
Geopolitical Strategy and Development Association,
members of Chinese Committee for Council of Security
Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific (CSCAP) and Pacific
Economic Cooperation Council (PECC); Executive Board
Member of China Association of Asian-African Development
Exchange; Board Members of China Association of Arms
Control and Disarmament, Pacific Society of China, and
China Association of China-ASEAN. He got his B.A. in history
and M. A. in international relations from Beijing Normal
University and Ph. D. in international relations from China
Foreign Affairs University. He took his advanced study in
the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS),
University of London in 1993-1995; and was a Fulbright
scholar in Institute of War and Peace Studies of Columbia
University, and in Institute of East Asia of University of
California at Berkeley in 2001-2002; and guest professor in
Department of Peace and Conflict Studies of Uppsala
University in Sweden in 2004, in Faculty of Society and
Design of Bond University in Australia in 2014 and in
Department of Government of University of LUISS in Italy in
2015. His specialties are China’s foreign and security policy,
strategic studies, international relations in the Asia-Pacific
region, and East Asian integration.
39
Dr. NONG HONG
Institute for China-America
Studies
Email:
[email protected]
Dr. Nong Hong heads the Institute for China-America
Studies (ICAS), an independent, non-profit academic
institution launched by the Hainan Nanhai Research
Foundation.She also holds a joint position of research
fellow with National Institute for South China Sea Studies
(NISCSS) and China Institute, University of Alberta (CIUA).
Dr Hong received her PhD of interdisciplinary study of
international law and international relations from the
University of Alberta, Canada and held a Postdoctoral
Fellowship in the University’s China Institute. She was
ITLOS-Nippon Fellow for International Dispute Settlement
(2008-2009), and Visiting Fellow at the Center of Oceans
Law and Policy, University of Virginia (2009) and at the
Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and
International Law (2007).
Her research takes an interdisciplinary approach to
examining international relations and international law,
with focus on International Relations and Comparative
Politics in general; ocean governance in East Asia; law of
the sea; international security, particularly non-traditional
security; and international dispute settlement and conflict
resolution. Her most recent publications include UNCLOS
and Ocean Dispute Settlement: Law and Politics in the
South China Sea (Abingdon, New York: Routledge, 2012);
Recent developments in the South China Sea dispute, coedited with Wu Shicun(Routledge, 2014); Maritime
Security Issues in the South China Sea and the Arctic:
Sharpened Competition or Collaboration? Co-edited with
Gordon Houlden (Beijing: China Democracy and Legal
System Publishing House, 2012); ‘The Energy Factor in the
Arctic Dispute: a Pathway to Conflict or Cooperation?’ in
theJournal of World Energy Law & Business (Oxford
Journal), January 2012; ‘The Melting Arctic and Its Impact
on
China’s
Maritime
Transport’,
Research
in
Transportation Economics, xxx, 2012, pp.1-8; ‘Chinese
Perceptions of U.S. Engagement in the South China Sea’, in
China Brief, Volume XI Issue 12, July 1, 2011, pp.7-9.
40
Mr. BILL HAYTON
Chatham House, The Royal
Institute of International
Affairs
Bill Hayton is an Associate Fellow of Chatham House in
London. He is the author of ‘The South China Sea: the
struggle for power in Asia’ published by Yale University
Press in October 2014. His previous book ‘Vietnam: rising
dragon’ was published by Yale in 2010. He has worked for
the BBC since 1998, including a posting as the BBC reporter
in Vietnam in 2006-7 and a secondment to the state
broadcaster in Myanmar during 2013-14 to assist with
media reform. He currently works for BBC World News TV
in London. He has written for publications including the
South China Morning Post, National Interest and The
Diplomat among many others. He is a graduate of the
University of Cambridge.
Mr. ABD RAHIM HUSSIN
Abd Rahim Hussin, former Undersecretary, National
Security Council, (NSC) Prime Minister’s Department,
Malaysia have served the NSC for 22 years out of his 35
years in public service.
National Security Council,
Prime Minister’s Department,
Malaysia
Email:
[email protected]
He holds Bachelor of Arts (Honors) History/International
Relations from the University of Malaya and Master of
Public and International Affairs (MPIA) from University of
Pittsburgh. Amongst the position during his tenure at NSC,
are as Director of Policy and Strategic Planning, Director of
National
Operations
Management
Centre
and
Undersecretary, Maritime Security and Sovereignty.
Among others, his specialization areon the Maritime
Security, Sovereignty, Boundary Delimitations and issues
relating to maritime governance especially in relations to
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS). Mr. Abd Rahim Hussin was one of the Malaysia
public officials who assisted the panel of International legal
counsels in the Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pulau
Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Malaysia/Indonesia)(19992002) and Case Concerning over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu
Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge(Malaysia/Singapore
(2003-2008) at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) The
41
Hague.
On the home front, he has being involved with the setting
up of the MalaysianMaritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA)
or the Malaysian Coastguard from the initial feasibility
study to the drafting of the MMEA Act 2004 (Act 633). He
was in the Malaysian Delegation and led the core group in
the inter-governmentalnegotiations which adopted the
Regional Cooperation Agreement on Anti-Piracy in Asia
(ReCAAP) in 2005.
Mr. Abd Rahim was also the Team Leader of the Malaysia
Continental Shelf Project and Co-Chairman of the MalaysiaVietnam Joint Submission on the Extended Continental
Shelf.
Dr. KEN JIMBO
Keio University
Ken JIMBO is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Policy
Management, Keio University. He is concurrently a Senior
Research Fellow at the Canon Institute for Global Studies
(CIGS) and the Tokyo Foundation (TKFD). He also serves
as a Director, Board of Directors at the Civic Force, a
Visiting Fellow at the Genron NPO and a member of the
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS).
His main research fields are in International Security,
Japan-US Security Relations, Japanese Foreign and Defense
Policy, Multilateral Security in Asia-Pacific, and
Regionalism in East Asia. He has been a policy advisor at
various Japanese governmental commissions and research
groups including at the Cabinet Office, the Ministry of
Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
His recent books and articles include, "US Rebalancing to
the Asia-Pacific: A Japanese Perspective,” in William Tow
and Douglas Stuart eds., The New US Strategy towards Asia:
Adapting to the American Pivot (London: Routledge, 2015);
Ken JIMBO ed., Regional Security Architecture in the AsiaPacific, Tokyo Foundation (2010) (in Japanese: Ajia
Taiheiyo no Chiiki Anzen Hosho Ahkitekucha).
42
Prof. HERMAN JOSEPH S. KRAFT
College of Social Sciences and
Philosophy
Herman Joseph S. Kraft is an Associate Professor with the
Department of Political Science at the University of the
Philippines at Diliman, Quezon City. He has published
articles and book chapters on issues concerning ASEAN,
regional security in Southeast Asia, security sector reform,
and intra-state conflict in the Philippines. His most recent
publications include an assessment of the implications for
Philippines defense of the Scarborough Shoal issue and of
nontraditional security concerns such as humanitarian
assistance and disaster relief. He is currently serving as the
Associate Dean for Administration and External Affairs
with the College of Social Science and Philosophy.
Mr. SHAHRIMAN LOCKMAN
Institute of Strategic and
International Studies,
Malaysia
Mr Shahriman Lockman is a Senior Analyst in the Foreign
Policy and Security Studies Programme of the Institute of
Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia. His
research interests include Malaysian foreign policy,
Malaysia-China relations, Malaysia-Indonesia relations and
Asian security. Shahriman is a member of the Malaysian
chapter of the Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia
Pacific (CSCAP). He was a Visiting Fellow at the Asia-Pacific
College of Diplomacy at the Australian National University
(ANU) in early 2007 and has a Master of Strategic Affairs
from the ANU.
Email:
[email protected]
43
Dr. XUE LI
Dr XUE Li is associate professor, director of Department of
International Strategy, Institute of World Economics and
Politics (IWEP),Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).
He had his PhD in International Politics from Graduate
School of Chinese Academy of Social
Chinese Academy of Social
Sciences (CASS)
Sciences in 2007. His research interests are China’s Foreign
Policy, China’s Regional Strategy in Eurasia, South China Sea
Disputes, and One Belt and One Road (OBOR)”
Initiative/Strategy.
Dr. Xue Li has published many articles on China’s leading
Academic Journal such as Journal of World Economics and
Politics, Quarterly Journal of International Politics, The
Journal of International Studies, Contemporary Asia-Pacific.
Besides those, he also writes papers for mass media, home
and abroad, such as Financial Times (Chinese version), the
Diplomat (English version), China Daily(English version),
Global Times (Chinese version), United Morning (Lian He
Zao Bao, Chinese version published in Singapore) ,China
Review (Chinese version published in Hong Kong)
Prof. LISELOTTE ODGAARD
Royal Danish Defence College
Email:
[email protected]
Dr.Liselotte Odgaard is an Associate Professor at the
Institute for Strategy at the Royal Danish Defence College.
She has published numerous articles, edited books and
three monographs on Asia-Pacific security, China’s growing
influence in international relations, and strategic theory
and practice. She has been a visiting professor at
institutions such as Harvard University, Woodrow Wilson
International Center for Scholars and The Norwegian Nobel
Institute. Her latest monograph is China and Coexistence:
Beijing’s National Security Strategy for the 21st Century
(Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press/Johns
Hopkins University Press 2012).
44
Prof. JONATHAN ODOM
Commander Jonathan Odom joined the Daniel K. Inouye
Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in August 2015. As
a judge advocate in the U.S. Navy, Commander Odom is a
licensed attorney who has provided legal advice on matters
of international and operational law to military
commanders (both U.S. and multinational), headquarters
staffs, and forces for military operations around the world,
including at sea, in the air, and on land.
The Daniel K. Inouye AsiaPacific Center for Security
Studies
His headquarters assignments have included: Oceans
Policy Advisor, Office of the Secretary of Defense
(Pentagon); Deputy Legal Advisor, Headquarters, U.S.
Pacific Command (Hawaii); Department Head and
Attorney-Advisor, Administrative Law Division, Office of
the Navy Judge Advocate General (Pentagon); Assistant
Special Counsel to the Chief of Naval Operations
(Pentagon);
Attorney-Advisor,
International
and
Operational Law Division, Office of the Navy Judge
Advocate General (Pentagon); Deputy Legal Advisor and
Speechwriter to the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for
Plans, Policy, and Operations (Pentagon).
His operational deployments have included: Chief of
Operational Law to Commander, Joint Support Force –
Japan, deploying to Yokota Air Base, Japan, in direct
support of Operation TOMODACHI, for humanitarian
assistance and disaster relief after the March 2011
earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear disaster; Chief of
Operational Law to Commander, Multi National Force –
West / II Marine Expeditionary Force (Forward), deploying
to Al Anbar Province, Iraq, as part of the 2007 troop surge,
in direct support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM; Assistant
Legal Advisor to Commander, Kosovo Force, NATO,
deploying to Pristina, Kosovo, in direct support of
Operation JOINT GUARDIAN; Legal Advisor to Commander,
Amphibious Squadron ELEVEN, embarked aboard USS
BELLEAUWOOD (LHA-3) and deploying to the Western
Pacific in support of Exercise COBRA GOLD (Thailand) and
other theater engagement events; and Assistant Legal
Advisor to Commander, Carrier Strike Group FIVE,
embarked aboard USS INDEPENDENCE (CV-62) and
deploying to the Arabian Gulf in support of Operation
SOUTHERN WATCH (Iraq).
45
He served previously as the International and Operational
Law Division Head and Instructor at the U.S. Naval Justice
School, Newport, Rhode Island, where he taught
international and operational law to judge advocates of all
services, as well as Navy officers at the U.S. Naval War
College, the U.S. Naval Submarine Officer School, and the
U.S. Naval Chaplains School. Throughout his Navy career,
he has spoken at international and U.S. academic forums,
and has been published on matters related to the law of the
sea, the law of airspace, the law of armed conflict, national
security strategy, oceans policy, and homeland defense.
He is a Fleet Marine Force Qualified Officer. His personal
awards include: the Defense Meritorious Service Medal
(two awards), the Meritorious Service Medal (two awards),
the Navy Commendation Medal (four awards), the Joint
Service Achievement Medal, and the Navy and Marine
Corps Achievement Medal (three awards). He earned a
Bachelor of Arts degree with Distinction from Duke
University with a major in History, a Juris Doctor degree
from Wake Forest University, and a Master of Laws degree
with Distinction from Georgetown University (earning the
Chetwood Prize for the highest academic average). He
received the Judge Advocate Association’s 2015 Career
Armed Services Attorney Award for a “record of
outstanding professional accomplishments, service to
community, service to the legal profession, and
development of subordinates.”
Amb. DANG DINH QUY
Diplomatic Academy of
Vietnam (DAV)
Amb. Dr. Dang Dinh Quy is the President of the Diplomatic
Academy of Vietnam, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Vietnam. From 2008-2010, he took the position of Vice
President of the Diplomatic Academy of Viet Nam and
Director General of Institute for Foreign Policy and
Strategic Studies. He served as the Minister Counselor and
Head of Political Session at the Embassy of Viet Nam to the
United States from 2003 to 2007. Additionally, he served as
the Deputy Director General of the Department of Policy
Planning in Viet Nam from 2002 to 2003. From 1999 to
2002, Mr. Dang held a variety of positions at the
Department of Economic Affairs, including Deputy Director,
Assistant Director General and Head of Division. He also
worked for the Department of Middle East and Africa as a
46
Middle East Desk Officer from 1991 to 1995. He obtained a
PhD in Early Modern History Studies from the Graduate
Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Social
Sciences in 2012. He has written extensively on foreign
policy and international relations in Asia-Pacific.
Dr. LE QUY QUYNH
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Vietnam
Dr. Le Quy Quynh is the director general of the Marine
Affairs Department of the National Boundary Commission of
the Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Previously, he
worked as a commander of Vietnam Navy Ship. In addition,
he served as the deputy director general of the Economics
Department of the Vietnam Ministry of Foreign Affairs from
2004 to 2007 and as the consul general of Vietnam in
Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation from 2007 to 2011. Dr.
Quynh holds a degree in Navigation Engineering from Bacu
Maritime University of the Former Soviet Union, a Master’s
degree from the Naval Academy of Former Soviet Union, a
Master of Science in Maritime Administration from the
World Maritime University in Sweden and a Ph.D. in
International Law from Hanoi National University of
Vietnam.
Prof. CARL THAYER
The University of New South
Wales, Australian Defence
Force Academy
Email:
[email protected]
Carlyle A. Thayer is Emeritus Professor, The University of
New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy,
Director of Thayer Consultancy, and Defence and Security
columnist for The Diplomat. He was educated at Brown,
holds an M.A. in Southeast Asian Studies from Yale and a
PhD in International Relations from The Australian National
University. Professor Thayer has held senior appointments
at the Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies at the
Australian Defence College, Australian Command and Staff
College (2002-04), and the Asia-Pacific Center for Security
Studies, U.S. Pacific Command (1999-02). He was the C.V.
Starr Distinguished Visiting Professor at the School of
Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University
(2005) and the Inaugural Frances M. and Stephen H. Fuller
Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ohio University (2008).
Since 2009 he has presented academic papers on the South
China Sea to thirty-five international conferences in
Cambodia, Canada, China, Indonesia, Japan, Macau,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, the
47
United States and Vietnam. He is the author of over 500
publications includingIndirect Cost Imposition Strategies in
the South China Sea:U.S. Leadership and ASEAN
Centrality(Washington, D.C.: Center for New American
Security, April 2015) and “New Strategic Uncertainty and
Security Order in Southeast Asia,” in Elena AttanassovaCornelis and Frans-Paul van der Putten, eds.,Changing
Security Dynamics in East Asia: A Post US-Regional Order in
the Making? (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014), 127-146.
Dr. TRAN TRUONG THUY
The Foundation for East Sea
Studies (FESS)
Email:
[email protected]
Dr. Tran Truong Thuy is Director of the Foundation for East
Sea Studies (FESS) and concurrently Deputy Director
General of Bien Dong Institute at the Diplomatic Academy
of Vietnam (DAV). Before joining the DAV, he worked as a
policy analyst at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam.
His research is focus on regional security and maritime
issues in Asia. He has written quite extensively on maritime
issues and contributed several reports and policy
recommendations on the South China Sea issues. He is
editor and co-author of Power, Law and Maritime Order in
the South China Sea (Lexington, 2014) and (with John
Jenner) of The South China Sea: Sovereignty-based Conflict
or Regional Cooperation? Cambridge University Press
(forthcoming).
Mr. ANTON TSVETOV
Anton Tsvetov is the Media and Government Relations
Manager at the Russian International Affairs Council. With
a BA in Area Studies and an MA in Russia’s Foreign Policy
and Diplomacy his background lies in research
coordination, editing and dissemination. At the start of his
career in the Council he managed several projects dealing
with Russia’s relations with China, Japan, South Korea and
India.
Russian International Affairs
Council (RIAC)
Email:
[email protected]
In his current position Anton oversees RIAC's activities in
promoting research outcome to stakeholders in the
government, businesses, media and the general public. His
responsibilities include navigating the Russian and global
media landscape, shaping the Council’s public image and
facilitating collaboration with other think tanks.
Anton participates in academic conferences and public
48
discussions on matters of Russian foreign policy, Asian
affairs, research communication and policy influence via
means of academic publications, online and print media,
including the The Diplomat, RIAC website, Russia Beyond
the Headlines, Russia Direct, Lenta.ru and Nezavisimaya
Gazeta.
Prof. ROBERT G. VOLTERRA
Volterra Fietta
Email:
[email protected]
Robert has been recognised for many years in the global
legal directories as one of the world's top public
international law practitioners. He is qualified as a
barrister in Canada and as a solicitor-advocate in England
and Wales. He advises and represents governments,
international organisations and private clients on a wide
range of contentious and non-contentious public
international law and international dispute resolution
issues, including international boundaries, sovereign
immunities, the Law of the Sea, transboundary resources
and bilateral investment treaties. He regularly acts as coagent, counsel and advocate before the International Court
of Justice and ad hoc international arbitration tribunals,
including under the Permanent Court of Arbitration, ICSID,
ICC, SCC, LCIA, UNCITRAL, WTO and UNCLOS rules. He
regularly sits as an arbitrator in ICSID, UNCITRAL, ICC, SCC
and LCIA arbitrations.
Robert's practice focuses on the resolution of complex
disputes and evolving issues in the field of public
international law. He is sought by clients globally to defend
their interests in bet-the-country and bet-the-company
disputes.
He is the go-to public international law
practitioner for cases dealing with novel and cutting-edge
topics.
His cases are widely referenced in public
international law text-books and journal articles; they are
cited and relied upon extensively as precedents and guides
by domestic and international courts and tribunals.
Robert combines being a seasoned practitioner with being
a thought-leader in the field of public international law. He
has been a Visiting Professor of International Law at
University College (UCL), University of London, where he
teaches the international law of foreign investment, for
almost twenty years. He is a Visiting Senior Lecturer at
King's College, University of London, where he has taught
the international law of boundary disputes for several
49
decades. He is invited to lecture on a variety of public
international law topics in Europe, the Americas, Africa and
Asia. He publishes regularly. He is on the International
Law Advisory Board of the British Institute of International
and Comparative Law. He is on the Management Board of
the Investment Treaty Forum. He is a member of the ICC
Latin American Arbitration Committee. He is on the Expert
Panel for States of UNCTAD's Programme on Dispute
Settlement in International Trade, Investment and IP. He is
a Legal Expert on the Energy Charter Secretariat's Legal
Advisory Task Force.
Legal 500 2015 ranked Robert as one of the top
practitioners in public international law around the world.
Chambers & Partners 2015 ranked Robert in the top tier of
individual practitioners globally. Over the years, these two
directories have recorded that Robert is described by
clients and peers as follows: “a fantastic lawyer”; “very
smart”; “a tenacious advocate”; “combines commercial and
public international law experience”; “a ‘phenomenal
lawyer’”; “both an excellent lawyer and an excellent team
leader”; “great breadth and depth, with strength in
international arbitration, border, treaty, and investor/state
disputes”; “a pre-eminent PIL specialist”; “widely
acknowledged as a leader in public international law
arbitrations”; “highly recommended”; “a star player”; “a
leading reputation”; “a thorough and analytical approach”;
“a brilliant and open approach”; “excellent ability to
communicate legal proceedings to foreign clients”; “a wellknown and celebrated practitioner”; “expertise in
investment arbitrations as well as traditional PIL matters”;
“a venerated figure”; “formidable”; “market leader”; “topclass practitioner”; “a global player”; “a brilliant PIL lawyer
- strong and astute”; “well liked as an advocate”.
Legal Business’“Legal Experts" has ranked Robert as
“highly recommended” and one of the “leading lights” in the
field of international arbitration and litigation for the past
10 years.
International Law Office (ILO) Client Choice Awards 2013
named Robert as its winner in the Public International Law
category.
50
Captain (ret.) SUKJOON YOON
The Korea Institute for
Maritime Strategy
Email:
[email protected]
Sukjoon Yoon is a Navy Captain, Republic of Korea Navy
(retired), and is currently senior research fellow of the
Korea Institute for Maritime Strategy (KIMS). Before joining
KIMS, Captain Yoon’s more than thirty years of
commissioned service include several command and staff
appointments. He has been director of maritime strategy
studies at the Naval War College, commanding officer of the
ROKS WONSAN, director of N-5 policy division, ROKN
Headquarters and adjunct professor of the Center for
Chinese Studies, the KNDA, MOFA, ROK. He holds a Ph. D in
international politics from Bristol University UK. He has
written on a broad range of Asian Maritime Security issues.
His recent works include Sukjoon Yoon, “Korea-China
Maritime Boundary Talks: Implications for South China
Sea,” RSIS Commentary, No. 089, 13 April 2015: Sukjoon
Yoon, “Why is China Militarising the South China Sea?” RSIS
Commentary, No. 113, 11 may 2015: Sukjoon Yoon
“Implications of Xi Jinping’s True Maritime Power: Its
Context, Significance, and Impact on the Region,” U.S. Naval
War College Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, Summer 2015; Sukjoon
Yoon, ‘The Abe’s Apology: A South Korean Perspective,’ The
Diplomat, 23 August 2015; Sukjoon Yoon, ‘China’s WW2
Ceremony: Why President Park is Attending,’ RSIS
Commentary, No 136, 28 August, 2015; Sukjoon Yoon, “Xi
Jinping’s Vision for a True Maritime China: Enhanced
Capability Requirements for its Maritime Forces and the
Implications on Regional Maritime Security,” The 8th KIMSCNA Conference on Maritime Security, 4∼5 November 2015
held in Seoul, Korea.
Ms. YANMEI XIE
Yanmei Xie is International Crisis Group’s Senior Analyst of
Northeast Asia based in Beijing. She joined the Crisis Group
in 2012, focusing on China's foreign policy and its impact on
conflict and potential conflict situations.
Areas of Expertise:

China-Japan relations

China’s policy towards North Korea

South China Sea maritime disputes.
51
International Crisis Group
Professional Background:
Prior to joining the Crisis Group, she worked as a journalist
in Washington DC for C-SPAN, the Capitol News Connection,
Fox News and the McGraw Hill Co., covering the Congress
and presidential elections. Before moving to the United
States, she was an international news producer at the China
Central Television.
Yanmei graduated from the Chinese Foreign Affairs
University majoring in English and International Relations.
She also has a master of art in mass communications from
Miami University and a master of science in finance from
George Washington University.
Yanmei was born and grew up in a small town in Sichuan
Province, Southwestern China. She loves rock climbing,
biking, skiing and surfing.
52
EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES OF PAPERS
TOPIC I:
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WORLD AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Developments in the World and Its Implications for the South China Sea:
Balance of Powers
Prof. Brahma Chellaney
International maritime challenges are being fundamentally transformed by new
technological and geopolitical realities, the rise of unconventional threats, and the
shifts in trade and in energy markets. There are real threats to maritime peace
and security from the changing great-power equations, recidivist policies on
territorial or maritime disputes, and the competition over natural resources and
geopolitical influence. At the root of new tensions are often attempts to
unilaterally change territorial and maritime status quo. Respect for existing land
and sea frontiers and deference to international norms are a prerequisite to peace
and stability in any region.
I.1
Nowhere are the maritime challenges greater than in the South China Sea, a
relatively shallow but strategically crucial body of water through which $5 trillion
in trade flows every year. As outside and local powers joust for access, control,
influence and relative advantage in the region, a new Great Game is unfolding in
the South China Sea. Sovereignty claims, resource-related competition, naval
buildups and rising nationalism have fueled maritime tensions and threats to
freedom of navigation in the South China Sea, with its crowded sea lanes
becoming more contested and vulnerable to serious incidents.
The South China Sea is important for states located beyond that region, not just
because their trade and energy interests might be at stake but also because what
happens there will impinge on balance of power in Asia and maritime security
across the globe. For example, developments in the South China Sea are critical to
the contest for influence in the larger Indo-Pacific region, which extends from the
Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean, with the South China Sea connecting the two
oceans. The growing importance of maritime resources and sea lanes, as well as
the concentration of economic boom zones along the coasts, has made maritime
peace and security more critical than ever for the South China Sea and the wider
Indo-Pacific region. This underscores the importance of diplomacy and
international law, as well as a comprehensive and binding code of conduct, to
regulate economic, military and land-reclamation activities in the South China
Sea, the world’s newest maritime hotspot.
53
I.2
The European Concept of Balance of Power in the South China Sea: What is
the Role of the Middle Powers?
Captain (ROK Navy Ret.) Sukjoon Yoon
The most contentious geopolitical issue in East Asia concerns the roles and
responsibilities of the great powers: should regional maritime security be based
upon the concept of a European-style balance of power, established within a
framework of local and sub-regional balances, or should the most important
determinant be the balance of power in the international system as a whole. The
debate between the supporters and opponents of implementing the European
concept of power balance in East Asia has been inconclusive, and so far it has not
been applied to the zonal maritime areas, such as the Exclusive Economic Zones
(EEZs). There are several reasons for this failure: the concept of the nation-state
has shallow roots in East Asia, there is widespread and fundamental prejudice
and distrust, and most importantly, the region has been disrupted by the collision
and competition of the two great powers. Recent confrontations between China
and the US in the South China Sea (SCS) have posed a strategic dilemma for the
other countries of the region, whose primary interest is in preserving stability. It
seems obvious that the geostrategic aims of the great powers are in tension with
efforts to maintain the status quo in the SCS, so what are the best policy options to
reconcile the great powers and the regional states, and how can they all be
brought squarely within the remit of the rule of law? In practice, a way must be
found to cope with the long-standing prejudices and distrust which pervade the
region. An intelligent approach to improving regional stability must rely upon the
middle powers establishing comprehensive maritime security partnerships
between them: only thus can they protect their individual maritime interests and
sovereignty, otherwise the great powers will continue to treat the East Asia Seas
as primarily a theater for playing out their geopolitical rivalry. The concept of
Asia-Pacific Region Maritime Confidence Security Building Measures (APRMCSBM) is the only productive rule-of-law approach available: the primary aims
being to preserve freedom of navigation, to ensure the free flow of commerce, and
to uphold international law; the peace and prosperity thus secured will benefit
the whole region, not just the middle powers themselves.
I.3
I.4
A Chinese Perspective on Cooperation in South China Sea
Dr. Shen Dingli
International Hotspots: China’s Strategy of Deterrence and Legitimacy in the
South and East China Sea Disputes
Prof. Liselotte Odgaard
China uses a foreign policy strategy that involves presenting China’s actions as
driven by deterrence and legitimacy demands. Beijing’s implementation of the
54
deterrence element of its strategy in the South and East China Sea involves
enhancing its law enforcement, navy and air force capabilities, responding to
what Beijing sees as challenges to its sovereignty with means that are presented
as deterrents of further challenges, and communicating China’s willingness to use
force, if necessary, to defend its alleged rights to sovereignty and maritime zones.
However, because sovereignty and maritime jurisdiction is disputed in the South
and East China Sea, China’s claim to use deterrence is interpreted by the U.S. as
unlawful use of force against neighboring states to defend claims that have not
been assessed as legitimate. Beijing needs to make convincing arguments that its
claims are legally legitimate to persuade the surroundings that China is indeed
pursuing deterrence rather than aggression.Legal grey zones imply that Chinese
practices compete for legitimacy with alternative interpretations.
I.5
The evolving maritime security architecture in the Asia-Pacific and its
implications for conflict management in the South China Sea
Dr. Nguyen Nam Duong
While the South China Sea conflict escalates quickly in recent years, conflict
management processes seem to be unable to keep up with the fast changing
situation. These processes, notably the DOC/COC, have existed for a while but
progressed too slowly to be practicable. Even if the COC could be concluded in the
time to come, it might not be sufficient to achieve the goal of ensuring maritime
security in the region. While more significance should be attached to the
DOC/COC than ever, it needs to be accompanied by other complimentary
processes so as to ensure its efficiency and workability. This paper is of the view
that the existing conflict management processes, especially the DOC/COC, need be
embedded in a broader regional maritime security architecture (RMSA) so as to
acquire a higher degree of feasibility and efficiency. The evolving RMSA includes
all existing institutions for maritime security cooperation in the region. Each of
the institutions deals with different aspects of maritime security, and they
together make up a bigger architecture in monitoring regional maritime issues.
Notably, all of these instruments support the DOC/COC, by not only consistently
calling for full implementation of DOC and early conclusion of COC, but also by
upholding DOC/COC principles such as UNCLOS, freedom of navigation and
overflight, the responsibility to manage disputes through peaceful negotation,
non-use of force, among others. Such a maritime security architecture in the AsiaPacific could serve as the regional platform for dialogue and cooperation among
not only the conflicting parties and but also related stakeholders who have vested
interests in maintaining the stability of the region’s maritime system. Being built
upon and assured by this region-wide platform, existing efforts aimed at
managing disputes in the South China Sea such as the DOC/COC process would
have more chance of success and could deliver tangible results such as a higher
level of trust among the parties and a political commitment to peaceful settlement
of maritime disputes.
55
TOPIC II:
DEVELOPMENTS IN AND AROUND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Status-quo on the Sea: Examining reclamation and building activities
Ms. Rukmani Gupta
II.1
Land reclamation activities undertaken in the South China Sea enable various
parties to increase their presence in the region and reassert their claims.
Reclamation may have been viewed as less contentious method than creating
completely new facilities for retaining control over maritime features in the past.
However, a review of recent efforts by various countries in this regard illustrates
the danger inherent in continued building activities. Resolve for such activities is
tempered by access to resources in the form of man-power, capital and
technology. It is therefore unsurprising that reclamation activities by some states
are more intensive than others. Although under UNCLOS 60(8), artificial
installations do not have the same status as islands neither affecting a state’s
territorial sea boundary, EEZ, or continental shelf boundary; reclamation work is
steadily paving the way for changing the status quo on the sea.
The South China Sea and China’s nuclear deterrence strategy
Dr. Mathieu Duchatel
II.2
This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on whether military security
concerns explain China’s policy in the South China Sea. In particular, it discusses
whether the South China Sea is perceived as a vulnerability for the nuclear
deterrence strategy of the People’s Liberation Army. Recent academic research
has shown that a variety of policy actors were influencing the decision-making
behind China’s foreign and security policy. These actors have different interests
and priorities. If the PLA has a distinctive interest to counter a perceived security
vulnerability, this would help explain Chinese recent actions in the disputed
maritime territories, which have so far widely been interpreted as motivated by
territorial sovereignty, domestic politics and geopolitics. The paper argues
that Chinese military activities in the SCS are likely to be determined in part by
the vulnerability of its nuclear submarines. It suggests that tensions in the SCS
should be seen through a wider lens than just a buildup of conventional
weaponry, and any de-escalation may require a nuclear arms control component.
Overall Developments in the South China Sea
II.3
Prof. Herman Joseph S. Kraft
The situation in the South China Sea has always been described as a potential
hotspot since the disputes between multiple claimants to the land features and
56
the surrounding water therein intensified in the late 1980s. This has perhaps
never truer in the last ten years when the status quo of a “live and let live”
situation was largely shaken by Chinese actions undertaken in response to what
the Chinese government claimed were violations by other claimant states of that
“live and let live” regime based on the ASEAN-brokered Declaration on the
Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOCS). Whether or not these Chinese
actions were justified, these have turned what used to be a “potential” hotspot
into a crisis-prone situation. What makes the situation more dangerous is the
overarching context of the intensifying competition between China and the United
States. This rivalry is being played out in the South China Sea area with China
warning the United States not to interfere in matters that should not concern it.
The United States has argued, however, that China’s actions have threatened the
freedom of navigation in the area – a prime concern of the United States. Also key
to the situation is the alliance between the United States and the Philippines, one
of the countries whose territorial claim in the area has been a focal point of
China’s actions in the area. The Philippines has challenged China’s actions by
submitting a case to the International Court of Arbitration – a course of action
which has led to a further intensification of China’s assertion of sovereignty over
the area. Efforts to reduce tensions are being undertaken in multilateral fora,
particularly with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Overall,
however, the situation in the South China Sea has become more prone to crisis in
recent times, and the overarching context of intensifying great power rivalry does
not help create confidence in the prospect of a peaceful resolution to the issue
being found.
Overview of Maritime Delimitation and Joint Development in The South
China Sea
Dr. Le Quy Quynh
II.4
The South China Sea has strategic importance to not only countries surrounding
the sea but also other countries in the world. Because of its important geopolitical location, the South China Sea has became one of the hottest spots in the
world with conflicting claims over land features and maritime spaces. Most of the
nations would like to maximize their maritime claims from a territory, it leads to
the fact that there exist the conflicting maritime claims. In the South China Sea,
the claims of coastal states overlap with that of each other and therefore, the
areas formed by these claims need to be delimited or agreed for joint
development. However, the claims must based on the principle “the land
dominates the sea” and must be mutually accepted by the other states as the
legally reasonable claims. This article will review current issues of the
delimitation and joint development in the South China Sea.
57
TOPIC III:
OVERALL SITUATION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND POLICY OF PARTIES
Disputes in the South China Sea, Major Powers’s Interactions, Small States’
Predicament
Prof. Nguyen Manh Hung
III.1
Disputes in the South China Sea involve two set of islands. In the Paracel Islands,
it is the dispute between Vietnam and China. The Spratly Islands have six
claimants: Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. While
conflict in the Paracel Islands is a bilateral issue, conflict in the Spratly Islands is a
regional issue. However, because the South China Sea covers a vast expanse of
water through which over 5 billion worth of commercial trade pass, conflict in the
South China Sea can have a serious consequence for peace and security in one of
the most strategically important area of the world it is, therefore, also an
international issue drawing in the involvement of the major powers of the world.
This paper is designed to: 1) present a brief background to the South China Sea
conflict; 2) examine the actions and interactions among claimants; 3) describe the
reasons for and consequences of major powers interactions in a complex context
combining the normal competition for power and influence between major
powers and the global transitional process between a rising power and a status
quo power; 4) review current proposals to keep the disputes under control; and
5) analyse the prospects of successful management of the conflict.
III.2
South China Sea Dispute and Game between Main Powers
Dr. Xue Li
Stability and Rule of Law in the South China Sea: A U.S. Perspective
Dr. Patrick M. Cronin
III.3
III.4
Dr. Cronin argues that growing tensions in the South China Sea are threatening to
arrest one of the most significant developments in modern history: namely, the
rise of Asia and the largely U.S.-created order in which stability and prosperity
rest. China’s continued increase in defense spending poses a challenge for the U.S.
as allies and partners will increasingly question America’s ability and willingness
to project power. He provides key recommendations for U.S. policymakers to
counter potential regional instability and realize a vision of an inclusive, stable,
and rules-based order.
Major Powers Interaction in the South China Sea: Japanese Perspective
Dr. Ken Jimbo
58
Russia and the South China Sea: Strategic Context and Opportunities for
Constructive Engagement
Mr. Anton Tsvetov
III.5
Though the reasons for Russia’s Asia pivot are widely disputed, the fact itself is
rarely doubted. However, in the practical sense the scope and scale of this
rebalance has been somewhat limited and the South China Sea issue has not been
given due attention by Moscow. At the same time Russia has a set of both declared
and undeclared interests deeply connected to a peaceful resolution of the
territorial disputes in the region. In order to pursue these interests, Moscow will
have to come up with an updated policy on the South China Sea and address some
of the contradictions existing in the current policies, as well as face serious
dilemmas in managing differences between two of its strategic partners – China
and Vietnam. Strong limitations for Russian engagement in the South China Sea
still remain and not all of them can be reduced in the near future.
TOPIC IV:
INTERNATIONAL LAW
The Role of International Law in the South China Sea Disputes
Prof. Alex Oude Elferink
IV.1
International law figures prominently in any discussion concerning the South
China Sea disputes. International law provides a tool for determining which of the
claimant States has sovereignty over the disputed islands and contains rules for
determining the maritime entitlements of the disputed islands and thee
delimitation of these entitlements with those of the coasts surrounding the South
China Sea. Most of the analysis in relation to international law focusses on
determining the content of the applicable law and how it should be applied in the
context of the South China Sea. The presentation instead proposes to focus on
how international law is argued by the parties to the South China Sea disputes. In
this connection particular attention will be paid to the pending arbitration under
the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea between the Philippines and
China.
Historic Concepts Vs. Other Maritime Regimes in the South China Sea
Dr. Nong Hong
IV.2
China’s historical claim in the South China Sea based on the ‘U-shaped line’
overlaps with the claims to EEZ and continental shelf areas of other clamant
states. In China’s view, a claim derived from historic rights may seem more
forceful and valid in law than claims simply based upon the EEZ concept. While
59
Chinese scholars tend to believe that the historic concept is still relevant in
international law and lots of researches have been conducted on ‘historic rights’,
western scholars do not seem to be on the same page. Since there are no
definitive rules in international law, which govern the status of maritime historic
rights, China’s claim is not a violation of international law. Similarly, since there
are no such rules, it is doubtful whether China’s claim could be established in
international law. This remains a critical research question for scholars.
Unreliable evidence and the South China Sea problem
Mr. Bill Hayton
IV.3
There has been a rapid expansion of published writing on the South China Sea
disputes but relatively little exploration of the disputes’ historic roots. Recent
archival research has unearthed evidence that casts doubt over much of the
received wisdom about the emergence of territorial claims there in the first half of
the 20th century. A close examination of the sources and references of many of
the standard works on the disputes suggests that they are unreliable bases from
which to draw reliable conclusions. A dependence on Chinese official sources and
Chinese newspaper articles published long after the events they describe has led
authors to mistake a number of tendentious assertions as historical fact. Most of
the accounts rely on a relatively small number of works published in the 1970s
and 1980s. These reflect the state of knowledge about the issues at those times.
The consequence is that contemporary debates about the disputes are being
framed by the parameters set 40 years ago.
Requirement for an Ocean Governance Framewok for The Protection of
Environment and Biological Resource in the South China Sea for Sustainable
Development
Dr. Vu Thanh Ca
IV.4
Besides its importance in term of maritime transportation, rich in oil and gas
reserves and other mineral resources, the South China Sea is also very rich in the
biological resource. As a semi-closed sea on a wide area with different climate
regimes, the SCS can be considered as one of the centers of biodiversity of shallow
seas in the world. With its natural resources, the SCS has provided goods and
services for socio-economic development at surrounding countries. Many
countries surrounding the SCS, such as Indonesia, China, the Philippines,
Cambodia and Vietnam have a large population dependant on fishing. However,
nowadays, fishery resource in the SCS has been seriously depleted by overfishing,
illegal fishing, destroying ecological systems and habitats, invasive species, land
reclamation etc. The SCS environment is also seriously degraded due to land base
pollution loads and sea born wastes, and due to unregulated use and exploitation
of natural resources, or use and exploitation of natural resources not following
rational planning. Territorial disputes also worsen the problem due to
60
uncooporation between disputing countries. Island reclamation, especially that by
China in the Spratlys Islets, has destroyed very valuable coral reefs, the most
important marine ecological system and habitat, and significantly contribute to
the degradation of biodiversity and depletion of fishery resource. The excessive
claim of rights within the U-shaped line of China also causes more fishing
competes in the sea and more fishery degradation.
As seas are interconnected, marine pollution can propagate rapidly and impact on
a wide scale, even cross many countries. Many species of marine animals can
migrate to a large scale, or entire the world ocean. Thus, to protect marine
ecological systems and biodiversity, it is necessary to have the problems solved
on an entire ecological system. Therefore, to protect fishery resources and
environment of the SCS, besides mechanisms for coordinating and cooperating
activities of different branches and local governments in a country, it is necessary
to have a mechanism for coordinating activities of countries surrounding the SCS.
Thus, it is necessary to apply the ocean governance and develop and implement
integrated ocean governance policies for the SCS. The governance will create a
common framework for management and is established from international
conventions, agreements on maritime activities and on the use and exploitation of
natural resources, conservation and protection of marine environment and
ecological systems for socio-economic development. There are many
international conventions that can be used for development of the governance in
the SCS for sustainable development, such as United Nation Convention on the
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Convention on biodiversity (CBD), United Nation
Framework Convention on the Climate Change (UNFCCC), Marpol 73/78
Convention etc. Some existing mechanisms such as the Coordinating Body on the
Seas of East Asia (COBSEA) or Partnerships in Environmental Management for the
Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) are effective for coordinating and cooperating
different countries in the Seas of East Asia. However, these mechanisms are only
solving nearshore problems and avoid any issue relating to territorial disputes
and ecological and environmental issues relating to disputed islets. On the other
hand, issues relating to high sea and at the disputed islets have vital roles for
conserving the environmental, biodiversity and fishery resource in the SCS.
Therefore, to protect and conserve environment and fishery resources, it is
necessary to establish an international governance mechanism which can manage
issues relating to marine environment, biodiversity and fishery resources in
entire SCS, especially in the high sea and disputed islets. Also, countries
surrounding SCS must use international laws, especially UNCLOS for determine
sea area under sovereignty and jurisdiction.
TOPIC 5:
INTERNATIONAL LAW (CONT.)
61
The State obligation to exercise self-restraint, no threat and no use of force
in undelimited maritime areas under Articles 74(3) and 83(3) of UNCLOS
Prof. Robert G. Volterra
V.1
UNCLOS envisages that the delimitation of maritime boundaries will be the result
of, first and foremost, agreement and, if not, then by third party dispute
resolution. In the interim period before States have reached agreement on the
delimitation of their maritime boundaries (or where their determination by a
tribunal is pending), States are under an obligation to exercise self-restraint and
to try to cooperate in relation to the disputed maritime area. To this end, Articles
74(3) and 83(3) represent a compromise between promoting hydrocarbon
exploitation activities in a disputed maritime area and preventing unilateral
activities there pending its delimitation. They set out legal rules of conduct that
are compulsory and directive. Self-restraint and cooperation are critical
components of an inter-State normative framework for stability and
security. This presentation considers the meaning and scope of those obligations.
A “Rules-Based Approach” to Enhance Maritime Safety in the South China Sea
Prof. Jonathan Odom
V.2
The South China Sea situation is a complex problem in which there is no single
solution.Consequently, the involved nations (i.e., claimants and non-claimants)
need to explore ways to manage the overall problem by addressing particular
aspects of the situation. One significant aspect of the South China Sea situation is
the myriad of risks, which include the risk of collision between ships and aircraft
of the involved nations and the risk of an encounter escalating due to a
misunderstanding. These risks can be mitigatedif all nations follow a “rulesbased approach” in the effective application of existing international standards of
behavior.These international standards include the Convention on the
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) and the
Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES). As reflected in Article 94 of the
U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea, each of involved nations hasa duty in
international lawto ensure that its government and non-government vessels
flying its flag adhere to the existing international standards of behavior for safety
of navigation.All nations need to effectively implement these international
standards of behavior into their national laws and regulations, and take necessary
steps to ensure that their flagged vessels and embarked crews adhere to those
standards.Such actions will reduce risk, enhance safety, and build confidence
between the involved nations.
International Law: Rights and Obligations on Search and Rescue
V.3
Mr. Abd Rahim Hussin
During the last decade or so, the world have seen major air and maritime
62
accidents and disasters including the issue of migrants stranded or their vessels
capsized at sea which resulted in thousands of lives loss. Even though
international legal framework and mechanism for search and rescue (SAR) are
already in place, efforts on saving lives of people’s distress at sea remain far from
satisfactory. Amongst others, the capability and capacity of States to provide SAR
response as obligates under the international convention are still much to be
desired. This paper aims to review and assess whether parties to the 1982 United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), International Convention on
Maritime Search and Rescue 1979 (SAR Convention) and other related
conventions have indeed adequately make efforts in strengthening coordination
and cooperation on maritime and aeronautical search and rescue. Major
incidents such in as the missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH 370 in April 2014,
also gave rise to the need of shared responsibility for international search and
rescue operations which cover a very wide area. Issues pertaining to search and
rescue are also hampered by regional tensions and mistrust whereby some states
are not willing to share information thus, resulting in delays. Finally, the paper
assess the extent to which International obligations have been upheld by parties
which ratify the conventions. A model regional cooperation on search and rescue
i.e the Artic Council are briefly taken note to see its applicability for the region in
the context of strengthening search and rescue in this part of the world.
The Prospects for the Sino-Philippine Arbitration on the South China Sea (UShaped Line) Dispute
Prof. Michael Sheng-ti Gau
V.4
The Sino-Philippine Arbitration on the South China Sea (SCS) Disputes is coming
to a critical stage. So far all the academic papers commenting on the SCS
Arbitration have been focusing on the jurisdiction issues of the Tribunal over the
disputes submitted by the Philippines, as well as the admissibility issues
concerning the claims presented by the Memorial. A critical but ignored issue is
the consequences of withholding those Sino-Philippine SCS (un-submitted) core
disputes by the Philippines. Would these consequences undermine the
effectiveness of the award of this Arbitration? To what extent will such
consequences affect the Sino-Philippine relations in the SCS after this Arbitration
is over? Having completed an in-depth research on this issue, the author
concludes that Philippines’ partial submission of its multi-layered SCS disputes
with China will turn the award of this Tribunal totally useless in terms of
resolving the confrontations between the Parties indicated by Philippines’
Memorial. It concerns the Tribunal when approaching the stage of producing the
first award on the jurisdiction and admissibility issues for this case. This paper
advises the Tribunal to apply Article 27(2) of its Rules of Procedure and to
terminate the arbitral proceedings as its continuation is unnecessary due to such
inefficacy of the award in the merits phase.
63
TOPIC VI:
THE WAY FORWARD
Preparing for Post-Arbitration Scenarios
Dr. Jay Batongbacal
VI.1
With the conclusion of oral arguments by the Philippines during the jurisdictional
phase of the Annex VII arbitration it initiated against China, the arbitral tribunal
announced that it will endeavor to make a decision on the issues of jurisdiction
and admissibility before the end of 2015. This paper will attempt to anticipate the
range of possible decisions that the tribunal might make in order to identify the
potential scenarios and directions that the SCS disputes will take in the immediate
future, and determine options that the claimant countries may have in response
to the situation.
The Code of Conduct in the South China Sea and Beyond
Prof. Carl Thayer
VI.2
VI.3
VI.4
In August 2015, ASEAN Foreign Ministers noted that the 9th ASEAN Senior
Officials Meeting “agreed to proceed to the next stage of consultations and
negotiate the framework, structure, elements as well as to address crucial,
difficult and complicated issues relating to the proposed COC[Code of Conduct in
the South China Sea].” Are we about to see the conclusion of a binding COC
thirteen years after ASEAN and China committed themselves to “to work, on the
basis of consensus, towards the eventual attainment of this objective”? It seems
highly unlikely because China insists that the 2002 Declaration on Conduct of
Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) be fully implemented first. This paper
canvasses what are the likely “crucial, difficult and complicated issues” that
remain to be resolved. The paper argues that ASEAN should pursue its own dual
track approach to managing tensions in the South China Sea. First, ASEAN
mustcontinue to pursue its consultations with China on the COC. Second, in light
of China’s construction of forward operating bases on its artificial islands, ASEAN
should look beyond the COC and shore up the ASEAN Political-Security
Community while at the same time drawing in the support of its dialogue
partners. Only ASEAN unity and leadership will preserve its centrality in
managing challenges to Southeast Asia’s security.
South China Sea within Indo-Pacific Region
Amb. Salman Al Farisi
Joint Development in the South China Sea: Lessons from the Past and Future
Prospect
64
Ms. Yanmei Xie
Hydrocarbon resource exploration has been the cause of several incidents in the
South China Sea in recent years. The most high-profileof them took place in 2014.
Beijing deployed a deep-water drilling rig into waters disputed with Hanoi,
causing an intense standoff at sea and violent anti-China protests in Vietnam in
2014. In 2010 and 2011, Chinese vessels clashed with Vietnamese and Philippine
surveillance ships, fraying bilateral relations and regional stability.At the same
time, joint-development of hydrocarbon resources has been held up, by China
especially, as a means for confidence-building and dispute management. Despite
verbal endorsement of the concept by all sides and a few attempts, jointdevelopment has not been successfully implemented.
The paper analyses the political and economic drivers that push claimants to
explore and develop hydrocarbon resources in the South China Sea, as well as the
geopolitical, political, legal and technical obstacles for joint-development. It aims
to provide pragmatic recommendations to mitigation risks, and remove or reduce
the obstacles for joint exploration.
TOPIC VII:
SIMULATION: SETTLEMENT, DELIMITATION AND JOINT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Proposal for Moving forward
Prof. Robert Beckman
Two significant developments have taken place in the past three years which
have a significant impact on the disputes in the South China Sea. First, China has
undertaken major reclamation works on several of the reefs it occupies in the
Spratly Islands and has created large artificial islands that are several times
larger than the largest natural islands in the Spratlys, thereby significantly
changing the security balance in the South China Sea.
VII.1
Second, the Philippines has instituted a case against China in accordance with the
compulsory procedures entailing binding decisions in section 2 of Part XV of the
1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The Annex VII
Arbitral Tribunal established to decide the case has determined that it has
jurisdiction, and it is expected to render an award on the merits in 2016. The
award of the tribunal will be legally binding on both parties, even though China as
decided to follow a practice of non-appearance and non-participation in the case.
The award of the Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal could play an important role in
clarifying several legal issues relating the maritime disputes in the South China
Sea disputes and could strengthen the legal position of the ASEAN claimants.
However, the Tribunal cannot resolve the disputes to sovereignty over islands in
the South China Sea because it has no jurisdiction to consider sovereignty claims.
65
Also, if the Tribunal decides that some of the islands in the South China Sea are in
principle entitled to an exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the Award may produce
significant areas of overlapping EEZ claims. However, the Tribunal will not be
able to determine the maritime boundaries in the areas of overlapping claims
because China has exercised its right to file a declaration under Article 298 of
UNCLOS excluding disputes concerning the provisions on the delimitation of
maritime boundaries from the jurisdiction of the Tribunal.
In short, the underlying disputes in the South China will persist after 2016. They
will not be able to be finally resolved except through negotiation between the
parties.
This presentation argues that the claimant States should begin now to cooperate
to manage the sovereignty and maritime disputes in the South China Sea. It is
premised on the assumption that it will not be possible in the foreseeable future
to resolve the underlying disputes in the South China Sea – which State has the
better claim to sovereignty over the islands, and how to delimit overlapping
maritime boundary claims.
This presentation argues that as a way forward, the claimant States should agree
to “set aside the sovereignty and boundary delimitation disputes” and cooperate
on matters such as sustainable management of fisheries, protection of the marine
environment and marine scientific research. It argues that the claimants should
also cooperate to prevent and manage potential threats to maritime security in
the South China Sea. It further argues that cooperation should include a serious
consideration of establishing joint development arrangements to manage and
share the resources in defined areas in the South China Sea.
The presentation examines the legal basis and rationale for such cooperation. It
emphasizes that it is critically important from the outset to specifically provide
that any discussions or negotiations on such cooperative arrangements are
“without prejudice” to the final resolution of the sovereignty disputes and the
final determination of maritime boundaries.
VII.2
China
Prof. Su Hao, Center for Strategic and Peace Studies, China Foreign Affairs University
Philippines
VII.3
VII.4
Prof. Jay Batongbacal, U.P. Institute for Maritime Affairs & Law of the Sea,
University of the Philippines
Malaysia
Mr. Shahriman Lockman, Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia
Vietnam
VII.5
Dr. Tran Truong Thuy, Senior Research Fellow, Bien Dong Institute, Diplomatic
Academy of Vietnam (DAV)
66
INDEX I: INFORMATION ABOUT VIETNAM
People and Language
The population of The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam is more than 87.7 million
with an urban population consisting of about 30,6%. There are 54 ethnic
minority groups living in Vietnam. The “Kinh” people (or “Viet”) accounts for
nearly 90% of the population. Major ethnic minority groups include the Tay,
Muong, H’Mong, Dzao and Khmer.
Official language: Vietnamese
Land & History
The land of Viet Nam has an S shape with a total surface area of approximately
329,600 km2. Viet Nam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the west,
Cambodia to the southwest and the South China Sea to the east. Vietnam’s
coastline is more than 3,260 km long. The land is divided into mountains,
highlands, deltas, rivers and forests. The capital of Viet Nam is Hanoi.
Climate
Viet Nam has a tropical climate with lots of sunshine, high rainfall and high
humidity. There are two distinguished seasons in general: the winter or dry
season from November to April and the summer or wet one from May to October.
Annual average temperature is usually high and ranging from 21 0C to 280C
(69.80F to 84.20F). However, this may varies from the North to the South of
Vietnam.
Currency
The currency is the Vietnamese Dong (VND). Foreign currencies can be
exchanged at the banks, exchange bureaus or hotel reception desks. Travellers’
cheque and most of Credit Cards are widely accepted in major cities.
1 USD = 22.265 VND
Time

Time zone: GMT/UTC + 7.

Business days: Monday to Friday.

Business hours: Mornings: 08.00 – 12.00; Afternoon: 13.00 – 17.00.
Public Holidays

January 01: New Year’s Day.

Late January to mid – February: Vietnamese Lunar New Year (04 days
off).
67

April 30: Re-unification Day.

May 01: International Labour Day.

September 02: National Day.
Food and Drinks
There is a wide range of dishes in Vietnam, including the very popular traditional
foods like spring rolls (“Nem”) and the Vietnamese noodle soup (“Pho”). They
can be eaten with rice or noodles. Not all foods are spicy. Vegetarian foods,
dietary and western menus are also widely served at many restaurants across
the country. A rich variety of tropical fruits is also available but may vary
depending on the season.
Imported beers and alcohols are available at hotels, restaurants and shops. There
are many Vietnamese brands or country wines made from rice. However, if you
prefer to drink water, please use bottled mineral water, which has an unbroken
seal. Do no ingest tap water that has not been boiled.
Emergency numbers

Police: 113.

Fire Brigade: 114.

First Aid: 115.
68
VUNG TAU CITY
Overview
Vung Tau is a seaside city of Ba Ria –
Vung
Tau
Province in Southern
Vietnam. With an area of 149.65km2,
Vung Tau has a population of 322,873
habitants (in 2011). Vung Tau is
the capital of the province since the
province's founding, and is the crude
oil extraction center of Vietnam.
History
During 14th and 15th centuries, the
cape that would become Vung Tau was
a swamp which European trading
ships visited regularly. The ships'
activities inspired the name Vung Tau,
which means "anchorage". French
colonizers called it "Cap Saint Jacques"
("Cap Xanh Giắc", in Vietnamese). The
cliff of Vung Tau is now called Mũi
Nghinh Phong (literally meaning "Cape
of breeze welcome").
Vung Tau was originally referred to as
Tam Thắng ("Three Boats") in memory
of the first three villages in this area: Thắng Nhất, Thắng Nhị, Thắng Tam, within the
province of Biên Hòa under the Nguyễn Dynasty. Under the reign of king Gia
Long (1761–1820), when Malaypirates built a base here and subsequently became a
danger to traders in Gia Định city, the king sent his army to crack down on the pirates.
The pirates were ousted and the troops were given the land as a reward. 10 February
1859 marked the first use of cannons by Nguyễn's army, when they fired at French
battleships from the fortress of Phước Thắng, located 100m from Vũng T{u's Front
Beach. This marked an important period in Vietnam's war against French invaders in
South Vietnam (then called Cochinchina). In 1876, according to a decree by the French
colonialists, Vung Tau was merged in B{ Rịa county per Saigon's administration. During
the 1880s there talks about moving Saigon's port facilities to Vung Tau, but this came to
nothing due to Saigon's better infrastructure.
On 1 May 1895, the governor of Cochinchina established by decree that Cap Saint
Jacques would thereafter be an autonomous town. In 1898, Cap Saint Jacques was
69
merged with B{ Rịa county once again, but re-divided in 1899. In 1901, the population
of Vung Tau was 5,690, of which 2,000 persons were immigrants from North Vietnam.
Most of the town's population made their living in the fishing industry. On 4 April 1905,
Cap Saint Jacques was made an administrative district of B{ Rịa province. In 1929, Cap
Saint Jacques became a province, and in 1934 became a city (commune). The French
governor of Indochina, Paul Doumer (who later became President of France), built a
mansion in Vung Tau that is still a prominent landmark.
Climate
- Climate: Tropical monsoon
- Annual average temperature: 26 – 28oC
There are two distinct seasons:
• Rainy season from May to October
• Dry season from November to April
- Sea-water: average temperature from 25 –
29oC; frequently with 32-35% salinity.
Place of Interest
There are many tourist attractions in Vung Tau, including several beaches and
abundance of pagodas and temples, many leaning
against the mountains and face the oceans. In Vung
Tau City, there are Thuy Van, Chi Linh, Back, Front,
and Dua beaches; Long Dien District has Long Hai
Beach; Xuyen Moc District has Ho Tram, Ho Coc
beaches. In Con Dao Island, tourists are able to
swim in Dam Trau, Hon Cau, and Hon Tre beaches...
then they can climb in Thanh Gia Mountain, Nho
Mountain.
Other popular places are Communal House of Dao Ong Tran, Ben Da Church, Bach Dinh
vestige, Long Phuoc Tunnels, Minh Dam Revolutionary Area... and over one hundred
Buddhist pagodas and temples such as Niet Ban Monastery, Thang Tam Communal
House, Linh Son Pagoda, Dinh Co Temple.
Located in the 90km southern part of Vung
Tau, Con Dao Island has a dense forest, which is
Con Dao National Park with rich flora and
fauna. The sea in this area is the home of
various valuable marine species. Especially,
tourists have a chance of watching the turtle
laying the eggs. It also used to host a convict
prison during French colonial era, and later,
during the American War
70
Besides these, tourists can participate in some traditional festivals as Dinh Co Festival,
Nghinh Ong Festival (Welcoming the Lord Whale Festival), play golf or watch dog racing
in Lam Son stadium in Vung Tau City every Saturday
Transportation
Vung Tau is about 125km from Ho Chi Minh City.
It takes two and a half hours to reach Vung Tau by 51A
Expressway. From Ho Chi Minh city to Vung Tau city and vice
versa, there are many high quality coaches provided by
different firms: Mai Linh coach, Hoa Mai coach, Thien Phu
coach, Rang Dong coach…
You can travel to Vung Tau from Ho Chi Minh city and vice
versa by Hydrofoils. It takes 75 minutes to reach Vung Tau and
there are hydrofoils every 1 hours, starting from 06:00 am to
17:00 pm. There are three companies offering hydrofoil
services on the HCM City - Vung Tau route, namely Vina
Express, Greenlines and Petro Express
You also can use private taxi services. Here are some of
suggested taxi companies: Mai Linh Taxi, Vinasun Taxi,
Petro Taxi, Gili Taxi…
71
INDEX II: ORGANISING INSTITUTIONS
The Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam was
established in accordance with Decision
82/2008/QD-TTg dated 23 June 2008 by the
Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Viet
Nam on the basis of upgrading the Institute for
International Relations (successor of the College
for Foreign Affairs established in 1959). The
Academy carries out strategic research in
international relations and foreign policies;
undergraduate and graduate training and
retraining of Foreign Service personnel; serves
as ―think tank‖ in foreign policy for the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, the Party and the State.
Honours:
First - Class Labour Order (1994)
Third - Class Independence Order (1999)
Second - Class Independence Order (2004)
Ho Chi Minh Order (2009)
Human Resources
The Academy has 211 researchers, faculty members and staff and is expected to have
350 personnel when it is in full service. The majority of researchers and faculty
members hold master or doctor degrees and has received overseas training. Among
them are 11 associate professors, 19 doctors, 59 masters currently lecturing and
conducting research in international politics, international law, international economics,
foreign languages, and media and cross-culture communication.
Training
The Academy offers training at undergraduate and graduate levels in international
relations, international law, international economics, foreign languages, and media and
cross-culture communication. Each year, the Academy takes in 60 graduate and 450
undergraduate students in six disciplines of International Relations, International Law,
International Economics, International Communication, English and French; 100 college
students and 150 on-the-job students. Different training units form an establishment
similar to a university with its own faculties and departments.
72
The Academy has cooperated with overseas universities to offer joint courses, invited
foreign trainers to teach foreign languages and European studies and US foreign policies
etc. By 2010, the Academy has trained 5000 students for 37 formal university
enrolments, 2500 students in 23 secondary enrolments, 369 students in 10 master
enrolments and 10 students in 1 doctor enrolment. It has also held 12 on-the-job and 5
second-degree training enrolments.
Research
The Academy carries out strategic research and forecasts on world affairs, international
relations, political and economic affairs, security, national defense, law, culture and
foreign policies of different nations and regions. The Academy serves as “Think Tank”
for the Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Party and the State in foreign policies as well as
history and theories of international relations.
Besides, it serves as the coordinator in the management of research projects of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It has carried out 250 studies in international relations at
both state and grassroots levels. In the organizational set up of the Academy, the
Institute for Foreign Policy and Strategic Studies is an affiliate of the Academy and has
three centers, namely the Center for Political and Security Studies, the Centre for
Development and Economic Integration and the Centre for Regional and Foreign Policy
Studies.
On September 1st, 2012, the Centre for East Sea Studies, originally belonged to the
Institute for Foreign Policy and Strategic Studies, was upgraded to the Bien Dong
Institute. The institute has four centers: Center for Policy Studies, Center for Research
and International Cooperation, Center for Legal Studies and Center for Information and
Documentation.
International Cooperation
The Academy is an active member of many regional and world research networks such
as ASEAN-ISIS, NEAS, NEAT, and CSCAP etc. Researchers and faculty members of the
Academy regularly attend international colloquiums, seminars and conferences held
overseas. Every year, the Academy hosts 60 groups of scholars, international politicians
for 60 international seminars. The Department of External Cooperation within the Office
of Administration of the Academy acts as the focal point for all cooperation in training,
academic research and scholar exchange with overseas universities, academies,
institutes, research centers, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.
In-service training
The Centre for Continuing Education carries out training and convenes refreshment
courses in international relations, foreign policy, diplomatic studies and foreign
languages for mid-level officials, public servants and employees in the diplomatic
service as well as other officials engaged in diplomatic activities from various ministries,
agencies and localities.
Information and Documentation
73
The Centre for Information and Documentation archives and provides information
relating to Vietnam’s foreign policy, strategies, political, economic and security situation
of regions and countries as well as international organizations. It also seeks to further
develop information resources for use in Viet Nam and overseas. It has at its disposal
35.000 books and document titles in service of teaching and research of the Academy
and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
MISSIONS
Decision 82/QD-TTg dated June 23, 2008 by the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic
of Viet Nam defined the status and functions, duties and powers of the Diplomatic
Academy of Vietnam as follows:
Status and functions
1. The Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam is an income-generating administrative unit
under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, established on the basis of upgrading the
Institute for International Relations.
2. The Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam has the functions of undertaking strategic
studies in international relations and foreign policies, undergraduate and
postgraduate training and training of mid-career officials.
3. The Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam with its headquarters in Hanoi, is a juridical
personality, uses the seals with the national emblem, and has its own bank
account as provided for by the law.
Duties and powers
1. Scientific research:
a) To study, synthesize and carry strategic forecast of the world situation,
international relations, political, security, defense, economic, legal, cultural
and foreign policy issues of countries and territories, to advise the Minister of
Foreign Affairs in the formulation, planning and implementation of the
foreign policy of the State;
b) To research and develop theories of international relations of Viet Nam on
the basis of the Vietnamese diplomatic history, and theories of international
relations;
c) To cooperate in academic exchange with universities, academies, research
centers and intergovernmental non-governmental organizations in the
country and abroad in accordance with its functions and tasks;
d) Act as the focal point in the organization and management of scientific
research activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
2. Training and mid-career refreshment:
a) Train human resources at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in
international relations, international law, international economics, foreign
languages and other subjects in accordance with the law;
74
b) Undertake training and organize mid-career refreshment courses in
international relations, foreign policy, diplomatic skills, foreign languages for
leaders, managers of ministries, provincial departments, officials, public
employees in the foreign service, officials working at external relations
departments of different ministries and localities; carrying out examination
in professional diplomatic skills, foreign languages of relevant officials in
accordance with regulations and assigned authority;
c) Undertake joint training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels,
cooperative mid-career training in professional diplomatic training and
foreign language studies with local or foreign institutes and organizations.
3. Edit and publish scientific works, studies, textbooks, teaching materials and
other publications on external affairs, diplomatic history of Viet Nam and the
world, international relations and other related fields.
4. Participate in the dissemination of foreign policies and lines of the State.
5. Manage officials, employees, facilities of the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam in
accordance with provisions of the law and decentralization of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs.
6. Perform other duties as assigned or authorized by the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
CONTACTS
Address:
69 Chua Lang Street,
Dong Da, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Telephone number: (84-4) 3834 4540
Fax number:
Email:
(84-4) 3834 3543
[email protected]
75
FOUNDATION FOR EAST SEA STUDIES
Founded in 2014 by the Diplomatic Academy of
Vietnam, H.E. Le Cong Phung former Deputy Minister
of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam, H.E. Nguyen Duc Hung
former Vietnamese Ambassador to Canada and
Singapore, the Foundation for East Sea Studies (FESS)
is a non-governmental, non-profitable organization
which aims at promoting studies on East Sea issues to
maintain peace, stability, cooperation and prosperity
in the region.
MISSIONS
The foundation plays as a channel to seek, gather and develop individual who has good
ability and dignity to assist the East Sea studies; to disseminate, propagate and raising
awareness of people in defending national maritime sovereignty in accordance with the
orientation, policy and law of the Party and the State.
-
To assist the East Sea studies of students, scholars, institutes as well as
individuals and organizations with regards to sustain peace, stability and cooperation in the East Sea.
-
To nurture and honour students and junior researchers, to supplement human
resources that major in the East Sea studies to the Vietnamese offices and
organizations.
-
To call for sponsors from internal and external individuals, entrepreneurs in
order to support the foundation’s purposes.
-
To develop the relationship with other international foundations, institutes as
well as individuals and organization to support foundation’s purposes.
-
To partner with Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam (DAV) and other organisations
both inside and outside the country to promote East Sea studies.
MAIN ACTIVITIES
1. Conducting and Supporting Research
-
Conducting research on various issues about East Sea.
-
Conducting researches of East Sea issues upon proposals and requests of the
government, governmental agencies and provincial authorities.
-
Requesting and cooperating with national and international institutions and/or
experts to conduct research on the East Sea issues.
-
Supporting students, scholar as well as institutions in doing East Sea research to
maintain peace and stability in the East Sea for national development.
76
2. Research Field Specialises in Various Issues
-
Sovereignty issues.
-
Settling disputes; maintaining and promoting international cooperation in the
East Sea.
-
Planning and promoting maritime economy; developing marine resources and
protecting marine environment.
-
Education and Training on territorial maritime issues.
-
Policy and cooperative mechanisms of effective administration and development
of maritime resources
3. Nurturing and Promoting Talents
-
Organising training courses to advance knowledge and skills of staffs working on
the boundary and maritime issues from ministries as well as provincial
authorities (available upon request).
-
Providing information and training for reporters and the press regarding the
East Sea issues (available upon request).
-
Selecting and training young talents to conduct research on East Sea with the
mean of preserving human resources working on this field.
4. Hosting Conference, Workshop and Talk on East Sea Issues
-
Hosting international workshops on East Sea inside and outside the country.
-
Hosting conferences, workshops and talks to lay the floor for discussion and
information exchange of experts/scholars with the objectives of proposing
recommendations for decision making bodies.
-
Coordinating with local conferences working on disseminating information to
diverse audiences in the country about upholding national right over islands in
the East Sea.
5. Organising Annual Award for East Sea Study
-
Organising competitions and examining theses & research papers relating to the
East Sea among students, master and doctoral students.
-
Awarding Research Excellence Prize to scholars with outstanding researches on
the East Sea.
-
Awarding FESS Annual Press Prize to journalists writing outstanding articles
about the East Sea.
6. Publishing and Providing Information for National and International Audiences
-
Providing and updating information about the situation in the East Sea, the
Vietnam’s work on upholding national right, politic and diplomatic operation, as
well as many others relating issues.
-
Publishing researched documents, articles, books of the East Sea.
77
-
Supporting scholars on publishing their researches including books and journals
about the East Sea in the country and abroad.
CONTACTS
FOUNDATION FOR EAST SEA STUDIES
Address:
69 Chua Lang Street,
Dong Da, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
Telephone number: (84-4) 6276 3141
Fax number:
(84-4) 3834 3543
Website:
www.fess.vn
Email:
[email protected]
78
THE VIETNAM LAWYERS’ ASSOCIATION
The Vietnam Lawyers’ Association is a professional
socio – political, united organization gathering the
voluntary lawyers throughout the country.
The Vietnam Lawyers’ Association is member of the
Viet Nam Fatherland Front under the leadership of the
Viet Nam Communist Party and the management of
the State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
The Vietnam Lawyers’ Association participates in the
international lawyers organizations whose activities
conform to its motto and objectives.
Motto and objectives
The Vietnam Lawyers’ Association widely unites, gathers the Vietnamese lawyers who
have done or are doing legal work in the offices of the State, the political organization,
the socio – political organization, the professional socio – political organization, the
social organization, the economic organization, the cultural organization, the
educational organization, the people’s armed forces, who volunteer to act for the cause
of building and defending their Fatherland, for the defence of the people’s right to
freedom and democracy, contributing to building a legal science and the Viet Nam
socialist state governed by law with the objective: the people be rich, the country be
powerful the society be equal, democratic and civilized.
The Vietnam Lawyers’ Association broadens its friendly relation and co-operation with
the lawyer’s organizations in the world and other organizations under the principle of
mutual respect of each others’ independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity for
the common sake – peace, co – operation and development.
Legal status of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association
Pursuant to the current laws and regulations as well as its Statutes, the legal status of
the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association is well defined. Pursuant to Article 1 of the Decree No
88/2003/ND-CP, the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association shall be one of organizations falling
within the scope of application of this Decree. Therefore, the legal status of the Vietnam
Lawyers’ Association shall be defined by the Law No 102/SL/L1004, the Decree No
88/2003/ND-CP, and its Statutes which was drafted and issued in conformity with the
two above legal documents. It is noted that the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association, as
defined in its Statutes is a professional socio – political organization which conforms to
the classification in Article 104 of the Decree No 88/2003/ND-CP. It means that the
Vietnam Lawyers’ Association shall bear legal status as a legal entity.
In accordance with the Viet Nam Communist Party’s guidelines and policies on
enhancing the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association’s role and activities as well as the Decree
79
No 88/2003/ND-CP, in its Congress in 2004, the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association passed
its new Statutes which then was approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the
Decision No. 37/2004/AD-BNV of 19 May 2004. The Statutes clearly identifies the
Vietnam Lawyers’ Association as a professional socio – political organization. This legal
status shall create favourable conditions for the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association to
facilitate its activities and enhance its role. As a professional socio – political
organization, the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association can widely unties and gathers many
Vietnamese lawyers who work in different fields, in the offices of the State and social
organizations as well as from different sectors of the economy. Scope of activities and
the roles of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association, therefore, shall be legally broadened.
Tasks, power and duties of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association
1. To gather in its association those who have been or are being engaged in legal
work according to the provision of Article 1 of the Statutes. To build and make it
a steady and strong association politically, morally, organizationally and
professionally;
2. To take part in the law making, to study legal science, to take part in the
supervision of the law application; propose to the state organs on the problem to
elaborate and carry out the law;
3. To take part in propagating, disseminating and training the law, to raise the
sense of exercising the law to the Association’s members, cadres, government
employees and the people;
4. To act as consultants of the law, help the poor people and those privileged by
policy in legal matters free of charge, build the legal consultant organizations as
defined by law;
5. To take part in some State management activities as defined by law;
6. To coordinate various activities and carry out the task of a member of the
Vietnam Fatherland Front;
7. To take part in the legal and political activities in service of the political,
economic and social tasks, maintain political security, social order and safety;
8. To report to the Party and the State the sentiment and aspiration of the legal
community; to train members of the Association to enhance their legal
knowledge and professional morals; to lit up their spirit and take care of their
interests in order to keep them closed to the Association;
9. To publish and distribute books, magazines, newspapers on law, meeting the
needs for the Association’s internal and external activities;
10. To take part in the international activities conforming to the Association’s motto
and objective;
11. To persuade the Vietnamese people living abroad to contribute their part to
national construction.
80
Members of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association
The number of members of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association has been rapidly
increased in recent years. From 2005 to the beginning of 2008, the number of members
increased from 31,000 to 36,000 members who work in legal field such as judges,
prosecutors, policemen, legal experts and lawyers.
Structure and organization of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association
The Vietnam Lawyers’ Association is organized from the central to the grassroots level,
which comprises:
-
The Central Committee of the Vietnam Lawyers’ Association;
-
The Association’s provincial and city bodies directly affiliated to the Association’s
Central body
-
Association’s district, quarter, city bodies directly affiliated to the Lawyers
Association at provincial level;
-
Lawyers’ associations at base level
81
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