Lecture 5 Introduction to Kingdom Monera

Lecture 5 Introduction to Kingdom Monera

Passive Transport: a primer


Diffusion
Concentration gradient
Substance specific!!!!!!!!!


Passive transport
Osmosis
LE 7-11a
Molecules of dye
Membrane (cross section)
WATER
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
Diffusion of one solute
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Net diffusion
Equilibrium
LE 7-12
Lower
concentration
of solute (sugar)
Higher
concentration
of sugar
H2O
Selectively
permeable membrane: sugar molecules cannot pass
through pores, but
water molecules can
Osmosis
Same concentration
of sugar
Lecture 5
Introduction to
Domain Bacteria and
Archaea (aka
Kingdom Monera)
The First Forms of Life
3.5-4.0
bya
Simple ≠
primitive
4 Billion years of
evolution!!!
Prokaryotes are the
Simplest Form of Life
Small (1-5 μm)
 Uncomplicated
structure
 Evolution and
diversity

 chemical level
Single
cells
 colonies
Prokaryotic Structural
Diversity

Limited to three shapes
 Spherical -> cocci
 Rod-shaped -> bacilli
 Helical -> spirochetes or
spirilla
Prokaryotes v. Eukaryotes
See Table 27.2
All cells have:
- Plasma membrane
- Chromosomes
- Cytosol
- ribosomes
Nuceoid
 No organelles
 Small
 High SA/V

Nucleus
 Organelles
 Big
 Low SA/V

Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Structure
Cytoplasm
cell membrane
cell wall
DNA
Basic Prokaryotic Cell
Structure
cell membrane
cell wall
Classification of the
Prokaryotes
Two main branches:
Archaea, Bacteria
Five kingdom system (both in Kingdom
Monera)
Three domain system (separate domains)
Distinction between
Archaea and Bacteria
Archaea
(archaebacteria)
 older
confined to
extreme habitats

Distinction between
Archaea and Bacteria
Archaea
have
no
peptidoglycan in
cell wall
Distinction between
Archaea and Bacteria




Bacteria (eubacteria)
Bulk of the prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan in cell wall
Different types of molecules
Two basic types of
nutrition

Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
Two basic types of
nutrition
Heterotrophs
Absorb
organic molecules directly
from their environment
Glucose
Two basic types of
nutrition
Heterotrophs
use organic
molecules as sources of energy
and building blocks
Glucose
Two basic types of nutrition

Autotrophs

Produce their own organic
molecules by photosynthesis
Two basic types of nutrition


Autotrophs use outside energy source
such as light from the sun
CO2 as their carbon source
CO2
E. coli: a Heterotrophic
Bacterium
inhabitant
of the intestines of
mammals including humans
used in testing for water quality
(coliform count)
only glucose as
an energy
source
E. coli: a Heterotrophic
Bacterium


can construct all other organic
molecules from glucose
a bacillus
Nostoc: an Autotrophic
Bacterium
Filamentous bacterium
String of green beads
Most contain chlorophyll
Photosynthesis
releases oxygen

Nostoc: an Autotrophic
Bacterium



Heterocysts are larger and clear
Heterocysts do not photosynthesize
Heterocysts fix
nitrogen