Tokyo

Transcription

Tokyo

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Emergency Numbers
Police: 110
Medical: 119
Fire Department: 119
emergency at sea 118
Time Zone
Tokyo is in the UTC+9 time
zone. That’s 1 hours ahead of
Barcelona.
8:00 AM in Barcelona is 9:00
AM (the same day) in Tokyo.
8:00 AM in Tokyo is 7:00 AM
(the same day) in Barcelona.
Exchange Rate
Php1 Philippine Peso is ¥2.4271 Japanese Yen
Php20 Philippine Peso is ¥48.542 Japanese
Yen
Yen
Yen
¥1 Japanese Yen is Php0.412 Philippine Peso
Tipping Policy
Taxi: None
Restaurant: Tipping is perceived as insulting
Porter: None
Electricity Standard,
Plug Requirements
Eastern Japan 50 Hz (Tokyo, Kawasaki, Sapporo,
Yokohoma, and Sendai); Western Japan 60 Hz
(Osaka, Kyoto, Nagoya, Hiroshima). Military facilities 120 V.
The electrical current in Japan is 100 V, 50/60 Hz
alternating current (AC);
Weather Forecast
Sun, Jun 01
H: 81°F, L: 63°F
Mon, Jun 02
H: 72°F, L: 53°F
Tue, Jun 03
H: 65°F, L: 49°F
Tagalog Phrase Guide
Hello: こんにちは。 (kon-nee-chee-WAH)
Please (request): お願いします。 (oh-neh-gigh
shee-moss)
Thank you (informal): はい。 (High)
No: いいえ。 (EE-eh)
Excuse me: すみません。 (soo-mee-mah-sen)
I can’t speak Japanese [well]: 日本語が「よ
H: 79°F, L: 57°F
く」話せません。 (nee-hohn-goh gah [yo-koo]
hah-nah-seh-mah-sen)
Thu, Jun 05
I don’t understand: わかりません。 (wah-kahree-mah-sen)
Wed, Jun 04
H: 67°F, L: 57°F
How much is a ticket to _____?: _____ までいくら
ですか (_____ made ikura desu ka?)
How do I get to _____?: _____ はどちらですか?
(_____ wa dochira desu ka?)
Please show me on the map: 地図で指して下さ
い。 (chizu de sashite kudasai)
An up-to-date travel guide prepared for
Sacha
Tokyo
T o k yo, J u n 2 3 – J u l 07, 2 0 0 8
Maps
Weather
What to do
Where to go
Lodging
Dining
The travel guide made just for
Sacha
Copyright 2008, Offbeat Guides
Contents
Maps
Tokyo Region View
Tokyo City View
Tokyo Neighborhood View
Tokyo Street View
Tokyo
Districts
Central Tokyo
Old Tokyo (‘’Shitamachi’’)
Izu and Ogasawara Islands
Suburban wards
Understand
Culture
Language
Expenses
Get in
By plane
See
Itineraries
Do
Learn
Buy
Anime and manga
Books
Cameras and electronics
Fashion
Kitchenware
Music
Street markets
Eat
Budget
Mid-range
Splurge
Drink
Sleep
Contact
Stay safe
Get out
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Tokyo
Name
History
Geography and administrative divisions
The twenty-three special wards
Western Tokyo
Islands
National Parks
Cityscape
Climate and seismology
Economy
Demographics
Transportation
Education
Culture and sports
Tokyo in popular media
Sister relationships
Japanese phrasebook
Pronunciation guide
Vowels
Consonants
Examples
Katakana
Grammar
Forming sentences
The verb “to be”
Addressing others
Reading and writing
Basics
Problems
Numbers
Time
Colors
Lodging
Money
Eating
On the phone
Bars
Shopping
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Family
Driving
Authority
Typical Japanese expressions
Honourifics
Country and territory names
Offensive Language
Learning more
Events
Monday, June 23, 2008
Tuesday, June 24, 2008
Wednesday, June 25, 2008
Thursday, June 26, 2008
Friday, June 27, 2008
Saturday, June 28, 2008
Sunday, June 29, 2008
Tuesday, July 01, 2008
Wednesday, July 02, 2008
Saturday, July 05, 2008
Sunday, July 06, 2008
Monday, July 07, 2008
Weather Forecast
References
Offbeat Resources
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Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo, Jun 23–Jul 07, 2008
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Tokyo Region View
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Tokyo City View
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Tokyo Neighborhood View
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Tokyo Street View
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Tokyo
Tokyo (??; ) is the capital of Japan. At over 12 million people
in the official metropolitan area alone, Tokyo is the core of the
most populated urban area in the world, Greater Tokyo (which
has a population of 35 million people). This huge, wealthy and
fascinating metropolis brings high-tech visions of the future
side by side with glimpses of old Japan, and has something for
everyone.
Located geographically at about the center of the Japanese
archipelago and in the southern part of the Kanto area, Tokyo
shares borders with Chiba prefecture to the east along the
Edogawa River, Yamanashi to the west along a mountain range,
Kanagawa in the south along the Tamagawa River, and Saitama
in the north. Being 2187 km² in area, the metropolis occupies
only 0.6% of the national land, the third smallest of the 47
administrative divisions of the country. As the land unfolds from
east to west, there are hills, plateaus, and mountains scattered
around the city. Small as it is, Tokyo’s geographical features are
rich in variety, comprising low lands of only four meters above
the sea-level and mountainous areas of over 2000 meters. In
addition, it must be noted that certain volcanic islands in the
Pacific such as the Izu and Ogasawara Islands also are part of
Tokyo.
Districts
Huge and varied in its geography, with over 2,000 square
kilometers to explore, Tokyo prefecture (??? Tokyo-to)
spans not just the city, but rugged mountains to the west and
subtropical islands to the south. This article concentrates on
the 23 central wards (? ku) near the bay, while the western cities
and the islands are covered in a separate article.
The geography of central Tokyo is defined by the JR Yamanote
Line (see Get around). The center of Tokyo — the former area
reserved for the Shogun and his samurai — lies within the loop,
while the Edo-era downtown (?? shitamachi) is to the north and
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east. Sprawling around in all directions and blending seamlessly
into Yokohama, Kawasaki and Chiba are Tokyo’s suburbs.
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the largest cities of the
world with a population of 12.64-million and the biggest of the
47 prefectures throughout Japan. Its long history of prosperity
started with the establishment of the shogunate by Tokugawa
Ieyasu in 1603. At that time, Tokyo was called Edo, which by the
18th century had grown to a huge city of over a million people.
It is now Japan’s center for political, economic, cultural, and
various other activities as well as the origin for the dissemination
of information.
The ward area in Tokyo is 621Km2 in area, where 8.53-million
people live. Tokyo attracts tourists not only from abroad, but
from all over the country as it provides many points of interest
to visit, well-developed traffic networks, and facilities for
business enterprises that are linked together. The Metropolitan
Government Office which runs the city, Tokyo Station
constructed in 1914 as the largest brick building in Japan, the
Odaiba Marine Park commanding a wide ocean view are just
a few examples of the sightseeing spots of this charming city
full of history and tradition, that is continually generating new
points of interest. Cultural facilities such as museums and art
galleries are also abundant, making Tokyo, undoubtedly, one of
the most advanced cities of the world.
Central Tokyo
■■ Chiyoda, the seat of Japanese power (both political and economical) that includes the Imperial Palace, the Ministries
near Kasumigaseki, the Parliament in Nagatacaho, the corporate headquarters of Marunouchi, and the electronics mecca
of Akihabara
■■ Chuo district, including the famed department stores of the
Ginza and the fish markets of Tsukiji
■■ Minato, including the business center of Akasaka and the
neighbouring nightclub district of Roppongi, the port dis-
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trict (at least in name) which includes the artificial island of
Odaiba, the skyscrapers of Shiodome
■■ Shinjuku, home to luxury hotels, giant camera stores, futuristic skyscrapers, hundreds of shops and restaurants, and Kabukicho, Tokyo’s wildest nightlife and red-light district
■■ Shibuya, the fashionable shopping district which also encompasses the teenybopper haven of Harajuku (also home to the
Meiji Shrine) and the nightlife of Ebisu
■■ Shinagawa, a major train hub and business center
■■ Toshima including Ikebukuro, another giant train hub
■■ Meguro, a residential area with a few nice parks and museums
Old Tokyo (‘’Shitamachi’’)
■■ Sumida by the river of the same name, including Ryogoku,
home of the Edo-Tokyo Museum and Tokyo’s main sumo
arena (Ryogoku Kokugikan).
■■ Taito and Bunkyo, the heart of Old Tokyo featuring the temples of Asakusa and many museums of Ueno
■■ Koto, between the two rivers Sumida and Arakawa, located on just the south of Sumida. It is famous for the former
woodland in Kiba, and Kameido Tenjin the shrine worshiping Michizane Sugawara known as the father of study in
Kameido.
■■ Arakawa
■■ The South part of Adachi
Izu and Ogasawara Islands
The Izu islands lie southeast of the city in the Pacific Ocean,
ranging in order from those closest to the Metropolitan
Government Office: Oshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikinejima,
Kouzushima, Miyakejima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and
Aogashima. Oshima island is 108 km away and Aogashima is 354
km away from the metropolitan office. Each island is unique
in that it has its own character and all sorts of marine sports
such as swimming, scuba diving, surfing, and fishing can be
enjoyed. There are many places that offer scenic beauty, which
are crowded with tourists during the summer.
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Ogasawara Islands are about 1000 km away from Tokyo. They
are made up of some 20 islands in the subtropical zone but
only Chichijima and Hahajima are inhabited. Almost the whole
area of the islands is included in the Ogasawara National Park,
which is full of beautiful nature. You can visit the marine park
as well. This is an area known for whale watching. Although the
access to the islands is limited to ship, it is always highly popular
among tourists.
Suburban wards
■■ Edogawa
■■ Itabashi
■■ Katsushika
■■ Kita
■■ Nakano
■■ Nerima
■■ Ota
■■ Setagaya, an upscale residential area that houses the student
drinking spot of Shimokitazawa
■■ Suginami
Understand
Over 400 years old, the city of Tokyo grew from the modest
fishing village of Edo (??). The former seat of the Tokugawa
Shogunate, the Imperial family moved to the city after the Meiji
Restoration in 1868. The metropolitan center of the country,
Tokyo is the destination for business, education, modern
culture, and government. (That’s not to say that rivals such as
Osaka won’t dispute those claims.)
Culture
Tokyo is vast: it’s best thought of not as a single city, but a
constellation of cities that have grown together. Tokyo’s
districts vary wildly by character, from the electronic blare of
Akihabara to the Imperial gardens and shrines of Chiyoda, from
the hyperactive youth culture mecca of Shibuya to the pottery
shops and temple markets of Asakusa. If you don’t like what
you see, hop on the train and head to the next one, and you will
find something entirely different.
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The sheer size and frenetic pace of Tokyo can intimidate the
first-time visitor. Much of the city is a jungle of concrete and
wires, with a mass of neon and blaring loudspeakers. At rush
hour, crowds jostle in packed trains and masses of humanity
sweep through enormous and bewilderingly complex stations.
Don’t get too hung up on ticking tourist sights off your list: for
most visitors, the biggest part of the Tokyo experience is just
wandering around at random and absorbing the vibe, poking
your head into shops selling weird and wonderful things,
sampling restaurants where you can’t recognize a single thing
on the menu (or on your plate), and finding unexpected oases
of calm in the tranquil grounds of a neighbourhood Shinto
shrine. It’s all perfectly safe, and the locals will go to sometimes
extraordinary lengths to help you if you just ask.
Language
It’s easier than ever for English speakers to navigate their
way around Tokyo without speaking any Japanese. Signs at
subway and train stations include the station names in romaji
(Romanized characters). It can be helpful to know some tips
for ordering in restaurants, shopping in stores, and asking for
directions. Learning the script is not difficult and most words
written with it can be understood by English speakers so it can
be useful even for people with no Japanese vocabulary. If you
plan on asking for directions to Tokyo destinations, it especially
helps to carry the name of the destination written in Japanese
characters.
Expenses
The cost of living in Tokyo is not as astronomical as it once was.
Deflation and market pressures have helped to make costs in
Tokyo comparable to most other large cities. Visitors from San
Francisco, New York, London, Paris and Toronto will not be
at all surprised. Travelers should budget a similar amount of
money for their stay in Tokyo as they would for any other great
city in Europe or North America. Locals will know the bargains,
but experienced cheapskates from anywhere in the world can
get by with a little ingenuity.
Get in
In Japan, all roads, rails, shipping lanes and planes lead to
Tokyo.
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By plane
Tokyo has two large airports: Narita for international flights,
and Haneda for (mostly) domestic flights.
Narita Airport
Tokyo’s main international gateway is Narita Airport (????)
, located in the town of Narita nearly 70 kilometers northeast
of Tokyo and covered in a separate article. A brief summary of
options for getting there and away:
■■ Easiest:
Limousine bus direct to major hotels, ~120 minutes
(subject to traffic), &yen3000
■■ Fastest: Narita Express to Tokyo Station, Shibuya, Shinjuku,
Yokohama, 55 minutes, &yen2940 ( Japan Rail Pass valid)
■■ Cheapest: Keisei Limited Express train to Nippori/Ueno, ~80
minutes, &yen1000
■■ Most expensive: Taxi to the city, more than &yen30,000
See
Tokyo has a vast array of sights, but the first items on the agenda
of most visitors are the temples of Asakusa, the gardens of the
Imperial Palace (in Chiyoda) and the Meiji Shrine (in Harajuku).
Tokyo has many commercial centres for shopping, eating
and simply wandering around for experiencing the modern
Japanese urban phenomenon. Each of these areas have unique
characteristics, such as dazzling Shinjuku, youthful Shibuya and
upmarket Ginza. These areas are bustling throughout the day,
but they really come into life in the evenings.
If you’re looking for a viewing platform, the Tokyo Tower is
the best known but a rather overpriced, not to say uninspiring,
choice. The highest spot in Tokyo is the Tokyo Metropolitan
Government building (in effect, Tokyo’s City Hall) in Shinjuku.
Its twin towers have viewing platforms that are absolutely free,
and offer a great view over Tokyo and beyond. However, the
best option would probably be from the World Trade Center
Building (1000 pm.
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The city is dotted with museums, large and small, which center
on every possible interest from pens to antique clocks to
traditional and modern arts. Many of the largest museums are
clustered around Ueno. At ¥500 to ¥1,000 or more,
entrance fees can add up quickly, but the GRUTT Pass allows
access to 56 of them for a flat ¥2000 fee. The pass can be
purchased from any participating museum and is valid for two
months.
Itineraries
■■ Classic Tokyo, Modern Tokyo — a one-day tour of the old and
the new
■■ One day in Tokyo — a hectic whirlwind tour of the many faces
of the city
Do
■■ Eat
a sushi breakfast at the Tsukiji Fish Market.
a boat ride on the Sumida River from Asakusa.
■■ Lose yourself in the dazzling neon jungle outside major train
stations in the evenings. Shibuya and east Shinjuku at night
can make Times Square or Piccadilly Circus look rural in
comparison - it has to be seen to be believed.
■■ Enjoy a soak in a local “sento” or public bath. Or one of the
onsen theme parks such as LaQua at the Tokyo Dome (Bunkyo) or Oedo Onsen Monogatari in Odaiba.
■■ Go to an amusement park such as Tokyo Disney Resort, which
consists of Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea which
are the world’s most visited and second most visited theme
parks respectively, or the more Japanese Sanrio Puroland (in
Tama), home to more Hello Kittys than you can imagine.
■■ Check out the hip and young crowd at Harajuku’s TakeshitaDori (Takeshita Street) or the more grown up Omotesando.
■■ In the spring, take a boatride in Kichijoji’s lovely Inokashira
Park, and afterwards visit the Ghibli Studios Museum (wellknown for their amazing movies, like Spirited Away, and
Princess Mononoke), but you will need to buy tickets for
these in advance at a Lawson convenience store.
■■ Take the Yurikamome elevated train across the bay bridge
from Shimbashi station to the bayside Odaiba district, and
■■ Take
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go on the giant ferris wheel - the largest in the world until
recently.
■■ Watch a baseball game, namely the Yomiuri Giants at the Tokyo Dome, or the Tokyo Yakult Swallows at Jingu Stadium.
Nearby Chiba hosts the Chiba Lotte Marines.
■■ Take a stroll through the Imperial Palace’s East Gardens (open
to the public daily at 9am, except Fridays and Mondays).
■■ Have a picnic in a park during the cherry blossom (Sakura).
Unfortunately Sakura only lasts for about a week.
Learn
The curious can study traditional culture such as tea ceremony,
calligraphy, or martial arts such as Karate, Judo, Aikido and
Kendo. There are also many language schools to help you
work on your Japanese. Several universities in Tokyo cater to
international students at the undergraduate or graduate level.
University (?????? Keio Gijuku Daigaku), . Japan’s top
private university (unless you ask a Waseda student). Established in the samurai days of yore and has a stuffier rep
than Waseda, with alumni including former prime minister
Junichiro Koizumi. Main campus in Mita.
■■ Tokyo Institute of Technology (?????? Tokyo Kogyo
Daigaku), . Tokyo’s top technical university. Main campus
in Ookayama.
■■ University of Tokyo (???? Tokyo Daigaku), . Japan’s uncontested number one university, especially strong in law, medicine and literature. Passing the entrance exams is fiendishly
difficult if you’re Japanese, but getting in as one of its 2000+
exchange students is easier. Five campuses scattered around
town, but the original one is in Hongo.
■■ Waseda University (????? Waseda Daigaku), . Japan’s top
private university (unless you ask a Keio student), famous as
a den of artists and partiers. Main campus in Waseda.
■■ Keio
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Buy
If it is for sale anywhere in the world, you can probably buy it
in Tokyo. Items to look for include electronics, funky fashions,
antique furniture and kimono, and specialty items like Hello Kitty
goods, anime and comics, and their associated paraphernalia.
Cash payment is the norm. Although credit cards are more
and more widely accepted, they are far less widespread than
in most other developed countries. Most Japanese ATMs do
not accept foreign cards, but post office, 7-11 and Citibank ones
do and usually have English menus as well. The crime rate is
very low, so don’t be afraid of carrying around wads of cash as
the Japanese do. See Japan#Buy for general caveats regarding
electronics and media compatibility.
There are numerous convenience stores throughout Tokyo,
which are open around the clock, and sell not only food and
magazines, but also daily necessities such as underwear and
toiletries. Supermarkets are usually open until 10 PM, while
drugstores and department stores usually close at 9 PM.
Anime and manga
Akihabara, Tokyo’s Electric Town, is now also the unquestioned
center of its otaku community, and the stores along Chuo-dori
are packed to the rafters with anime (animation) and manga
(comics).
Books
Jinbocho is to used books what Akihabara is to electronics. It’s
clustered around the Jinbocho subway stop.
Cameras and electronics
Ever since Sony and Nikon became synonymous with hightech quality, Tokyo has been a favored place for buying
electronics and cameras. Though the lines have blurred since
the PC revolution, each has its traditional territory and stores:
Akihabara has the electronics stores, including a large number
of duty-free shops specializing in export models, and Shinjuku
has the camera stores. Unfortunately, local model electronics
are not cheap, but the export models are similar to what you’ll
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pay back home. It’s also surprisingly difficult to find certain
things e.g. games machines.
Fashion
Shibuya and neighboring Harajuku are the best-known shopping
areas for funky, youthful clothes and accessories. Note that,
almost without exception, clothes are sized for the petite
Japanese frame.
Department stores and exclusive boutiques stock every fashion
label imaginable, but for global labels prices in Tokyo are
typically higher than anywhere else in the world. The famous
Ginza and Ikebukuro’s giant Seibu and Tobu department stores
(the largest in the world) are good hunting grounds. Recently,
Roppongi Hills has emerged as a popular area for high-end
shopping, with many major global brands. Other department
stores in Tokyo are Mitsukoshi, Sogo, and Takashimaya.
Mitsukoshi is Japan’s biggest department store chain. It’s anchor
store is in Nihonbashi.
Kitchenware
The district for this is Kappabashi Street near Asakusa, also
known as “Kitchen Town.” The street is lined with stores selling
all kinds of kitchen wares — this is where the restaurants of
Tokyo get their supplies. It’s also a great place to find cheap
Japanese ceramics and the famous plastic food.
Music
Ochanomizu is to the guitar what Jinbocho is to used books.
There, you’ll find what must be the world’s densest collection of
guitar shops. Plenty of other musical instruments (though not
traditional Japanese ones) are also available.
Street markets
Bustling open-air bazaars in the Asian style are rare in Tokyo,
except for Ueno’s Ameyoko, a legacy of the postwar occupation.
Yanaka Ginza in the Shitamachi Taito district, a very nice
example of a neighborhood shopping street, makes for an
interesting afternoon browse.
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There are often small flea and antique markets in operation
on the weekend at major (and minor) shrines in and around
Tokyo.
Eat
The sheer quantity and variety of food in Tokyo will amaze you.
Department stores have food halls, typically in the basement,
with food which surpasses top delicatessans in other world
cities. Not only is cold food on offer, but also food to go. Tokyo
has a huge amount of restaurants, so see the main Japan guide
for the types of food you will encounter and some popular
chains. Menus are often posted outside, so you can check the
prices. Some shops have the famous plastic food in their front
windows. Don’t hesitate to drag the waiting staff out to the front
to point at what you want. Always carry cash. Many restaurants
will not accept credit cards.
Tokyo has literally tens of thousands of restaurants representing
more or less every cuisine in the world, but it also offers a
few unique local specialties. Nigirizushi (fish pressed onto
rice), known around the world around simply as “sushi,” in
fact originates from Tokyo. Another is monjayaki (??????), a
gooey, cabbage-filled version of okonomiyaki that uses a very
thin batter to achieve a sticky, caramelized consistency. It is
originally from the Tsukishima area of Chuo and today there are
many restaurants near Asakusa offering monjayaki.
■■ Hot
Pepper Available in various editions, by region, around
Tokyo, this free magazine offers a guide to local restaurants
in Japanese but provides pictures and maps to the restaurants. Some restaurants even offer coupons. Most restaurants within this magazine are on the mid-range to high end
scale.
Although Tokyo is famous for its sky-high cost of living, it offers
a wide range of dining opportunities to satisfy every taste bud
of its vast population. While there are many reasonable eateries
available, the city is also abundant in prestigious restaurants of
a variety of cuisines, both domestic and international, where
sophisticated food prepared by renowned chefs are served.
All kinds of food for all budgets-- this is what describes Tokyo’s
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food culture and its excitement best. Some of the best cusines
include: Sushi, Kaiseki Ryori, and Teishoku.
Budget
Go to the convenience store (konbini), there is one every second
corner. Really, the options may surprise you. You can get rice balls
(onigiri), bread-rolls, salads, prepared foods (like nikuman and
oden), and drinks (both hot and cold) for ¥100-150, bento
lunch boxes for around ¥500 and sandwiches for ¥250350. At some convenience stores, microwaves are available to
heat up your food for no additional cost. Supermarkets (suupaa)
are usually cheaper and offer a wider choice, but more difficult
to find. (Try Asakusa and the sidestreets of Ueno’s Ameyoko
market for local--not big chain--supermarkets.)
Also, look for bento shops like Hokka-Hokka-Tei which sell takeout lunch boxes. They range in quality and cost, but most offer
good, basic food at a reasonable price. This is what students and
office workers often eat.
Noodle shops, curry shops, and bakeries are often the best
option for people eating on the cheap. They are everywhere.
The noodle bars on every corner are great for filling up and
very cheap at ¥200-1000. You buy your meal ticket from
a vending machine at the door with pictures of the dishes and
hand it to the serving staff. The one question you will typically
have to answer for the counterman is whether you want soba
(smaller diameter) or udon (larger diameter) noodles.
Some offer standing room only (but with a counter to place your
bowl), while others have limited counter seating. During peak
times, you need to be quick as others will be waiting.
Fast food is available just about everywhere, including many
American chains like McDonald’s, Wendy’s, and KFC. But if you
are visiting Japan from overseas, and wish to sample Japanese
fast food, why not try MOS Burger, Freshness Burger, Lotteria,
or First Kitchen. If you’re looking for something more Japanese
(not to mention more cost-effective and probably tastier), try
one of the local fast food giants, Matsuya or Yoshinoya. For under
¥500, you can get a giant bowl of meat, rice, and vegetables,
sometimes with egg thrown in for good measure. Drinking
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water or hot ocha ( Japanese green tea) is usually available at
no extra cost.
Raw fish enthusiasts are urged to try kaitenzushi (conveyor
belt sushi), where the prices are very reasonable. Prices are
depending on the color of the plate, so be sure to check before
they start to pile up.
Many of the larger train and subway stations have fast, cheap
eateries. Around most stations, there will be ample choices of
places to eat, including chain coffeeshops (which often serve
sandwiches, baked goods, and pasta dishes), yakitori places,
and even Italian restaurants.
The ubiquitous “izakaya”, a cross between a pub and a casual
restaurant, invariaby serve a good range of Japanese dishes and
can be good places to fill up on the cheap in the evening. Many
chains have picture menus.
Mid-range
By tradition the basement of almost any department store,
including Mitsukoshi, Matsuzakaya, or Isetan, is devoted to the
depachika (????), a huge array of small shops selling all kinds of
prepared take-out food. You can assemble a delicious if slightly
pricey picnic here — or, if you’re feeling really cheap, just go
around eating free samples! The very largest department stores
are Tobu and Seibu in Ikebukuro, but Shibuya, Ginza and in
fact any major Tokyo district will have their fair share. Shinjuku
Station is home to several famous department stores, such as
the Keio and Odakyu department stores. Many stores begin
discounting their selections at about 7pm each night. Look for
signs and stickers indicating specific yen value or percentage
discounts. You will often see half-price stickers which read ??
(hanne).
Splurge
There are countless very expensive restaurants in Tokyo, but one
splurge is worthwhile for fans of sushi. The best sushi in town,
if not the world, can be found in Tsukiji, fresh from the famous
fish market. Figure on ¥3000 for a set meal, which is a
bargain compared to how much sushi of similar caliber would
cost elsewhere. A sushi breakfast in Tsukiji, after exploring the
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29
fish market, is a great option for the jet-lagged traveler’s first
morning in Tokyo.
For upmarket Japanese eats, Ginza is guaranteed to burn a hole
in your wallet, with Akasaka and Roppongi Hills close behind.
You can limit the damage considerably by eating fixed lunch
sets instead of dinner, as this is when restaurants cater to people
paying their own meals instead of using the company expense
account.
Drink
The party never stops in Tokyo (but generally takes place in
Karaoke bars amongst locals during the week), and you will find
good little bars and restaurants everywhere. You will also find
that you are never far from a beer vending machine in Tokyo.
If you’re new in town then hit Roppongi for establishments
which specialize in serving foreigners, although things can get a
little rowdy in some gaijin bars. The area is pretty dead during
the week but livens up a little on Friday and Saturday night.
Furthermore, this area might not be to everyone’s liking as it
is generally overflowing with foreigners, hostesses and most
annoyingly ‘patrons’ who will continually hassle you to visit
their gentlemens clubs. Be warned, a drink will typically cost
you 5000 Yen in a gentlemen’s club, hence the reason for the
vast number of pimps hassling foreigners. At least the pimps are
easy to spot.
Hub pubs are available in Roppongi and Shibuya which resemble
English pubs and are reasonably priced. Gaspanic clubs are
also in those 2 areas which provide decent music, if nothing
more. Throughout Tokyo, Happy Hours which typically last for
a couple of hours between 5pm and 7pm at weekends and to
9.30pm during the week, will take the typical cost of a pint in a
Western bar down from 900 Yen to 500 Yen, or lower if willing
to stand. The First Bar does cheap cocktails in Roppongi on a
Sunday night.
If you are looking for a more Japanese and/or pleasant
international experience, visit Shibuya for cool nightclubs
and dancing. The bar area is between the station and the area
30
where the love hotels are located. Just head over the footbridge
straight ahead when you go out of the station and then take a
right and follow the neon from street to street. Shinjuku is home
to Kabukicho, Japan’s largest red-light district, and the massive
gay bar district of Ni-chome. As a gaijin, you will also experience
a great deal of hassle in this area, similar to Roppongi. A little
further from the city center are Shimokitawaza, Koenji and
Nakano, which are full of good bars, restaurants and “live
houses” offering underground/indie music, and popular with
students and 20/30-somethings.
The cheapest nights out would be at Japanese-style watering
holes called izakaya (???), which offer food and drink in a
convivial, pub-like atmosphere. Cheaper chain izakaya like
Tsubohachi (???) and Shirokiya (???) usually have picture
menus, so ordering is simple even if you don’t know Japanese.
Night out Western-style can get expensive, with clubs and live
houses enforcing weekend cover charges in the ¥20005000 bracket (usually including a drink coupon or two) and a
single drink at a bar as much as ¥1000.
For a splurge on a beverage or two, Western Shinjuku’s Park
Hyatt Tokyo houses the New York Bar on level 52. Providing
stunning views day and night across Tokyo it was also the setting
for the movie Lost in Translation. Cocktails here start around
¥1400 - single malt whiskies are upwards of ¥2000.
Sleep
There are thousands of hotels in the Tokyo area, ranging from
cheap to very expensive. They are distributed throughout
the city, with some of the high end and the low end almost
everywhere. Many Western-style hotels, especially those
affiliated with American hotel chains, have English-speaking
staff.
Contact
Good connections are available at Internet cafes everywhere.
Expect to pay ¥400-¥500 per hour. “Gera Gera” is a
popular chain. Paid WiFi service is also taking off in Tokyo with
reasonable coverage - at a price. WiFi services are probably not
convenient for those just visiting.
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31
If you bring your own computer with a WLAN card, it is possible
to find a free connection in a fast food outlet like McDonald’s
or Mos Burger. You also have a good chance to find a free
connection in one of the numerous coffee shops. Just look for
a wireless connection sign in the front window or computers
within the shop.
Stay safe
Tokyo is probably one of the safest big cities you will ever visit,
and Japan in general is one of the safest places to visit in the
world. Street crime is extremely rare, even late at night, and
continues to decrease. However, “little crime” does not mean
“no crime”, and common sense should still be applied as
anywhere in the world.
Small police stations, or Koban, can be found every few blocks.
If you get lost or need assistance, by all means go to them; it’s
their job to help you! They may, however, have difficulties with
English, so some knowledge of the Japanese language helps.
Take the usual precautions against pickpockets in crowded
areas and trains. The red-light and nightlife districts can be a bit
seedy, but are rarely dangerous. Note some small, back-street
drinking establishments in red-light districts have been known
to charge extortionate prices.
Still in a jam? Call Tokyo English Life Line , tel. 03-5774-0992,
daily 9 a.m.-11 p.m.
If you make it as far out as Izu Islands, note that visitors to
Miyakejima Island are currently required to carry a gas mask,
due to volcanic gases. Those in poor health are advised against
travelling to the island.
Get out
From Tokyo, the entire surrounding Kanto region is your oyster.
Particularly popular destinations nearby include:
32
■■ Hakone
— for hot springs and views of Mount Fuji
— home to dozens of small temples and one Big
■■ Kamakura
Buddha
■■ Nikko — grandiose shrine and burial site of Shogun Tokugawa
Ieyasu
■■ Tokyo
Disney Resort — with Tokyo Disneyland ( just like the
ones everywhere else) and Tokyo DisneySea (an only-Japan
theme park which includes some unique rides and some imported rides from Disney parks outside of Japan)
■■ Yokohama — Japan’s second-largest city
The Tokyo area also has some less-famous destinations that are
easy day trips from central Tokyo:
■■ Ashikaga — historical hometown of a famous shogun clan
■■ Hachioji — a refreshing climb up Mt. Takao through a forest
to a shrine and beer garden
■■ Kawasaki — home to the Nihon Minka-En park with 24 ancient farmhouses (more interesting than it sounds), not to
mention the shrine of the Lord Big Iron Penis
Tourism_in_Tokyo
Asia/Japan/Prefectures/Tokyo/
asia/northeastasia/japan/tokyo
Tokyo
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Tokyo
, formally , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Located on
the eastern side of the main island Honshu, Tokyo is unique
among the prefectures, providing certain municipal services
characteristic of a city, as defined by Japanese law.
Because it is the seat of the Japanese government and the
Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family,
Tokyo is the de facto capital of Japan. The name Tokyo literally
means eastern capital.
The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, although each
administratively a city in its own right, constitute the area
informally considered as the “city of Tokyo” and are collectively
one of the largest cities in the world with a total population of
over 8 million people. The total population of the prefecture
exceeds 12 million.
The Greater Tokyo Area,
centered on Tokyo but also
including Chiba, Kanagawa, and Saitama, is the most populous
metropolitan area in the world with a population of over 35
million people. It has been the world’s most populous urban
area since between 1965 and 1970, and despite Japan’s overall
declining population, is still growing.
Tokyo has the largest metropolitan gross domestic product in
the world for a city.
Tokyo is a major global city and megacity. The name “Tokyo”
refers variously to Tokyo Metropolis (the prefecture) as a whole,
or only to the main urban mass under its jurisdiction (thus
excluding west Tama and Izu and Ogasawara Islands), or even
the whole of Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo and
parts of Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki,
and Yamanashi prefectures, depending on context.
This article uses the name to refer to Tokyo Metropolis unless
otherwise stated.
34
Name
Tokyo was originally known as Edo, meaning estuary. Its name
was changed to Tokyo (Tokyo: to (east) + kyo (capital)) when it
became the de facto imperial capital in 1868. This pronunciation
is now obsolete.
History
Tokyo was originally a small fishing village named Edo. In 1457,
Ota Dokan built Edo Castle. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu made Edo
his base and when he became shogun in 1603, the town became
the center of his nationwide military government. During the
subsequent Edo period, Edo grew into one of the largest cities
in the world with a population topping one million by the 18th
century. It became the de facto capital of Japan even while the
emperor lived in Kyoto, the imperial capital.
After about 263 years, the shogunate was overthrown under
the banner of restoring imperial rule. In 1869, the 17-year-old
Emperor Meiji moved to Edo. Tokyo was already the nation’s
political and cultural center, and the emperor’s residence
made it a de facto imperial capital as well with the former Edo
Castle becoming the Imperial Palace. The city of Tokyo was
established, and continued to be the capital until it was abolished
as a municipality in 1943 and merged with the “Metropolitan
Prefecture” of Tokyo.
Central Tokyo, like Osaka, has been designed since about the
turn of the century (1900) to be centered around major train
stations in a high-density fashion, so suburban railways were
built relatively cheaply at street level and with their own rightof-way. This differs from cities in the United States, such as Los
Angeles, that are low-density and automobile-centric. Though
expressways have been built, the basic design has not changed.
Tokyo went on to suffer two major catastrophes in the 20th
century, but it recovered from both. One was the 1923 Great
Kanto earthquake, and the other was World War II. The
firebombings in 1945, with 75,000 to 200,000 killed and half
of the city destroyed, were almost as devastating as the atomic
bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined. After the war,
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35
Tokyo was completely rebuilt, and showcased to the world
during the 1964 Summer Olympics. The 1970s brought new highrise developments such as Sunshine 60, a new and controversial
airport at Narita (well outside Tokyo), and a population increase
to about 11 million (in the metropolitan area).
Tokyo’s subway and commuter rail network became one of
the busiest in the world as more and more people moved to
the area. In the 1980s, real estate prices skyrocketed during an
economic bubble. The bubble burst in the early 1990s and many
companies, banks, and individuals were caught with real estate
shrinking in value. A major recession followed, making the
1990s Japan’s “lost decade” from which it is slowly recovering.
Tokyo still sees new urban developments on large lots of less
profitable land. Recent projects include Ebisu Garden Place,
Tennozu Isle, Shiodome, Roppongi Hills, Shinagawa (now also a
Shinkansen station), and the Marunouchi side of Tokyo Station.
Buildings of significance are demolished for more up-to-date
shopping facilities such as Omotesando Hills. Land reclamation
projects in Tokyo have also been going on for centuries. The
most prominent is the Odaiba area, now a major shopping and
entertainment center.
Various plans have been proposed for transferring national
government functions from Tokyo to secondary capitals in other
regions of Japan, in order to slow down rapid development in
Tokyo and revitalize economically lagging areas of the country.
These plans have been controversial within Japan and have yet
to be realized.
Geography and administrative divisions
The mainland portion of Tokyo lies northwest of Tokyo Bay and
measures about 90 km east to west and 25 km north to south.
Chiba Prefecture borders it to the east, Yamanashi to the west,
Kanagawa to the south, and Saitama to the north. Mainland
Tokyo is further subdivided into the special wards (occupying the
eastern half ) and the Tama area (????) stretching westwards.
Also within the administrative boundaries of Tokyo Metropolis
are two island chains in the Pacific Ocean directly south: the
36
Izu Islands, and the Ogasawara Islands, which stretch more
than 1,000 km away from mainland Japan. Because of these
islands and mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo’s overall
population density figures far underrepresent the real figures
for urban and suburban regions of Tokyo.
Under Japanese law, Tokyo is designated as a to (?), translated
as metropolis. Its administrative structure is similar to that of
Japan’s other prefectures. Within Tokyo lie dozens of smaller
entities, most of them conventionally referred to as cities. It
includes twenty-three special wards (??? -ku) which until 1943
comprised the city of Tokyo but are now separate, self-governing
municipalities, each with a mayor and a council, and having the
status of a city. In addition to these 23 municipalities, Tokyo also
encompasses 26 more cities (? -shi), five towns (? -cho or machi),
and eight villages (? -son or -mura), each of which has a local
government. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government is headed
by a publicly elected governor and metropolitan assembly. Its
headquarters are in the ward of Shinjuku. They govern all of
Tokyo, including lakes, rivers, dams, farms, remote islands, and
national parks in addition to its famous neon jungle, skyscrapers
and crowded subways.
The twenty-three special wards
The special wards (tokubetsu-ku) of Tokyo comprise the area
formerly incorporated as Tokyo City. On July 1, 1943, Tokyo City
was merged with Tokyo Prefecture (???, Tokyo-fu) forming the
current “metropolitan prefecture”. As a result of this merger,
unlike other city wards in Japan, these wards are not part of any
larger incorporated city.
Each ward is a municipality with its own elected mayor and
assembly like the other cities of Japan. The wards differ from
other cities in that certain governmental functions are handled
by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
The special wards of Tokyo are as follows:
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The term “central Tokyo” today may refer to all of the 23 special
wards, to all but the outermost special wards, or only to the
three centrally located wards of Chiyoda, Chuo and Minato.
Western Tokyo
To the west of the special wards, Tokyo Metropolis consists of
cities, towns and villages that enjoy the same legal status as
those elsewhere in Japan.
While serving a role as “bed towns” for those working in central
Tokyo, some of these also have a local commercial and industrial
base. Collectively, these are often known as the Tama Area or
Western Tokyo.
Cities
Twenty-six cities lie within the western part of Tokyo:
The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has designated Hachioji,
Tachikawa, Machida, Ome and Tama New Town as regional
centres of the Tama area, as part of their plans to disperse urban
functions away from central Tokyo.
Districts, towns and villages
The far west is occupied by the district (gun) of Nishitama. Much
of this area is mountainous and unsuitable for urbanization. The
highest mountain in Tokyo, Mount Kumotori, is 2,017 m high;
other mountains in Tokyo include Takasu (1737 m), Odake (1266
m), and Mitake (929 m). Lake Okutama, on the Tama River near
Yamanashi Prefecture, is Tokyo’s largest lake.
■■ Hinode
■■ Mizuho
■■ Okutama
■■ Hinohara
Islands
Tokyo has numerous outlying islands, which extend as far as
1850 km from central Tokyo. Because of the islands’ distance
from the administrative headquarters of the metropolitan
government in Shinjuku, local offices administer them.
38
The Izu Islands are a group of volcanic islands and form part
of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. The islands in order
from closest to Tokyo are Izu Oshima, Toshima, Niijima,
Shikinejima, Kozushima, Miyakejima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima,
and Aogashima. Izu Oshima and Hachijojima are towns. The
remaining islands are six villages, with Niijima and Shikinejima
forming one village.
The Ogasawara Islands include, from north to south, Chichijima, Nishinoshima, Haha-jima, Kita Iwo Jima, Iwo Jima, and
Minami Iwo Jima. Ogasawara also administers two tiny outlying
islands: Minami Torishima, the easternmost point in Japan and
at 1,850 km the most distant island from central Tokyo, and
Okino Torishima, the southernmost point in Japan. The last
island is contested by the People’s Republic of China as being
only uninhabited rocks. The Iwo chain and the outlying islands
have no permanent population, but host Japanese Self-Defense
Forces personnel. Local populations are only found on Chichijima and Haha-jima. The islands form the village of Ogasawara.
National Parks
Four national parks lie within Tokyo:
■■ Chichibu Tama Kai National Park, in Nishitama and spilling
over into Yamanashi and Saitama Prefectures
■■ Meiji no Mori Takao Quasi-National Park, around Mount
Takao to the south of Hachioji
■■ Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, which includes all of the Izu
Islands
■■ Ogasawara National Park. As of 2006, efforts were being
made to make Ogasawara National Park a UNESCO natural
World Heritage Site.
Cityscape
Architecture in Tokyo has largely been shaped by Tokyo’s
history. Twice in recent history has the metropolis been left in
ruins: first in the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake and later after
extensive firebombing in World War II. Because of this, Tokyo’s
current urban landscape is one of modern and contemporary
architecture, and older buildings are scarce.Hidenobu Jinnai.
Tokyo: A Spatial Anthropology. University of California
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39
Press (1995), . ISBN 0520071352.
Tokyo also contains numerous parks and gardens.
Climate and seismology
Tokyo lies in the humid subtropical climate zone (Koppen
climate classification Cfa), with hot humid summers and
generally mild winters with cool spells. Annual rainfall averages
1,380 mm (55 inches), with a wetter summer and a drier winter.
Snowfall is sporadic, but does occur almost annually. Tokyo is
an example of an urban heat island; the city’s population is a
significant contributor to its climate. Tokyo has been cited as a
“convincing example of the relationship between urban growth
and climate”. Tokyo also often sees typhoons each year, though
few are strong. The last one to hit was Fitow in 2007.
Tokyo was hit by powerful earthquakes in 1703, 1782, 1812, 1855
and 1923. The 1923 earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of
8.3, killed 142,000 people.
Economy
Tokyo is one of the three world finance “command centres”,
along with New York and London. Tokyo has the largest
metropolitan economy in the world. According to a study
conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers, the Tokyo urban area
(35.2 million people) had a total GDP of US$1,191 billion in 2005
(at purchasing power parity), ranking again as the largest urban
agglomeration GDP in the world. See also List of cities by GDP.
Tokyo is a major international finance center, houses the
headquarters of several of the world’s largest investment banks
and insurance companies, and serves as a hub for Japan’s
transportation, publishing, and broadcasting industries. During
the centralized growth of Japan’s economy following World War
II, many large firms moved their headquarters from cities such
as Osaka (the historical commercial capital) to Tokyo, in an
attempt to take advantage of better access to the government.
This trend has begun to slow due to ongoing population growth
in Tokyo and the high cost of living there.
40
Tokyo was rated by the Economist Intelligence Unit as the most
expensive (highest cost-of-living) city in the world for 14 years
in a row ending in 2006. This analysis is for living a Western
corporate executive lifestyle, with items like a detached house
and several automobiles.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange is Japan’s largest stock exchange, and
second largest in the world by market capitalization and fourth
largest by share turnover. In 1990 at the end of the Japanese
asset price bubble, it accounted for more than 60% of the world
stock market value.
Tokyo had 8,460 ha (20,900 acres) of agricultural land as of
2003, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries, placing it last among the nation’s prefectures. The
farmland is concentrated in Western Tokyo. Perishables such as
vegetables, fruits, and flowers can be conveniently shipped to
the markets in the eastern part of the prefecture. Japanese leaf
spinach and spinach are the most important vegetables; as of
2000, Tokyo supplied 32.5% of the Japanese leaf spinach sold at
its central produce market.
With 36% of its area covered by forest, Tokyo has extensive
growths of cryptomeria and Japanese cypress, especially in the
mountainous western communities of Akiruno, Ome, Okutama,
Hachioji, Hinode, and Hinohara. Decreases in the price of
lumber, increases in the cost of production, and advancing old
age among the forestry population have resulted in a decline in
Tokyo’s output. In addition, pollen, especially from cryptomeria,
is a major allergen for the nearby population centers.
Tokyo Bay was once a major source of fish. Presently, most of
Tokyo’s fish production comes from the outer islands, such as
Izu Oshima and Hachijojima. Skipjack tuna, nori, and aji are
among the ocean products.
Tourism in Tokyo is also a contributor to the economy.
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Demographics
Over eight million people live within Tokyo’s 23 wards. During
the daytime, the population swells by over 2.5 million as workers
and students commute from adjacent areas. This effect is even
more pronounced in the three central wards of Chiyoda, Chuo,
and Minato, whose collective population is less than 300,000 at
night, but over two million during the day. The entire prefecture
has 12,790,000 residents in October 2007 (8,657,000 in 23
wards), with an increase of over 3 million in the day. Tokyo is
at its highest population ever, while that of the 23 wards peak
official count was 8,893,094 in the 1965 Census, with the count
dipping below 8 million in the 1995 Census. People continue
to move back into the core city as land prices have fallen
dramatically.
As of 2005, the five most common foreign nationalities found in
Tokyo are Chinese (123,661), Korean (106,697), Filipino (31,077),
American (18,848) and British (7,696).
The 1889 Census recorded 1,389,600 people in Tokyo City,
Japan’s largest city at the time.
Transportation
Tokyo is Japan’s largest domestic and international hub for rail,
ground, and air transportation. Public transportation within
Tokyo is dominated by an extensive network of clean and
efficient trains and subways run by a variety of operators, with
buses, monorails and trams playing a secondary feeder role.
Within Ota, one of the 23 special wards, Tokyo International
Airport (“Haneda”) offers mainly domestic flights. Outside
Tokyo, Narita International Airport, in Chiba Prefecture, is the
major gateway for international travelers.
Various islands governed by Tokyo have their own airports.
Hachijojima (Hachijojima Airport), Miyakejima (Miyakejima
Airport), and Izu Oshima (Oshima Airport) have service to
Tokyo International and other airports.
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Rail is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo, which has
the most extensive urban railway network in the world and an
equally extensive network of surface lines. JR East operates
Tokyo’s largest railway network, including the Yamanote
Line loop that circles the center of downtown Tokyo. Two
organizations operate the subway network: the private Tokyo
Metro and the governmental Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of
Transportation. The metropolitan government and private
carriers operate bus routes. Local, regional, and national
services are available, with major terminals at the giant railroad
stations, including Tokyo and Shinjuku.
Expressways link the capital to other points in the Greater Tokyo
area, the Kanto region, and the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku.
Other transportation includes taxis operating in the special
wards and the cities and towns. Also long-distance ferries serve
the islands of Tokyo and carry passengers and cargo to domestic
and foreign ports.
Education
:
Tokyo has many universities, junior colleges, and vocational
schools. Many of Japan’s most prestigious universities are in
Tokyo, the University of Tokyo being the most prestigious of
all. National universities located in Tokyo include Hitotsubashi
University, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology, University of ElectroCommunications, Tokyo Institute of Technology and University
of Tokyo. There is only one public university (i.e., not national):
the Tokyo Metropolitan University. Keio University and Waseda
University, top private universities in Japan, are located in
Tokyo. Tokyo also has a few universities well-known for classes
conducted in English. They include International Christian,
Sophia, Waseda University, and Temple University Japan. For
an extensive list, see List of universities in Tokyo.
Publicly run kindergartens, elementary schools (years 1 through
6), and junior high schools (7 through 9) are operated by local
wards or municipal offices. Public high schools in Tokyo are run
by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education and
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43
are called “Metropolitan High Schools”. Tokyo also has many
private schools from kindergarten through high school.
Culture and sports
Tokyo has many museums. In Ueno Park are four national
museums: Tokyo National Museum, the country’s largest
museum and specializing in traditional Japanese art; the
National Museum of Western Art; and the Tokyo National
Museum of Modern Art, with its collections of Japanese modern
art as well as over 40,000 Japanese and foreign films. Also in
Ueno Park are the National Museum of Science and the public
zoo. Other museums include the Nezu Art Museum in Aoyama;
the Edo-Tokyo Museum in the Sumida Ward across the Sumida
River from the center of Tokyo; and the National Diet Library,
National Archives, and the National Museum of Modern Art,
which are located near the Imperial Palace.
Tokyo has many theaters for the performing arts as well. These
include national and private theaters for traditional forms of
Japanese drama (like noh and kabuki) as well as modern dramas.
Symphony orchestras and other musical organizations perform
Western and traditional music. Tokyo also hosts modern
Japanese and Western pop and rock music at venues ranging
in size from intimate clubs to internationally known arenas like
the Nippon Budokan.
Many different festivals occur throughout Tokyo. Major events
include the Sanno at Hie Shrine, the Sanja at Asakusa Shrine,
and the biennial Kanda Festivals. The last features a parade with
elaborately decorated floats and thousands of people. Annually
on the last Saturday of July, an enormous fireworks display over
the Sumida River attracts over a million viewers. Once cherry
blossoms, or sakura, bloom in spring, many residents gather in
Ueno Park, Inokashira Park, and the Shinjuku Gyoen National
Garden for picnics under the blossoms.
Harajuku Station on the Yamanote Line in the Shibuya ward of
Tokyo, Japan is known internationally for its youth style and
fashion.
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Cuisine in Tokyo is internationally acclaimed. In November of
2007, Michelin released their guide for fine dining in Tokyo,
garnering 191 stars in total, or about twice as many as its nearest
competitor, Paris. Eight establishments were awarded the
maximum of three stars (Paris has 10), 25 received two stars,
and 117 earned one star. Of the eight top-rated restaurants, three
offer traditional Japanese fine dining, two are sushi houses,
three serve French cuisine.
Sports in Tokyo are diverse. Tokyo is home to two professional
baseball clubs, the Yakult Swallows (Meiji-Jingu Stadium) and
Yomiuri Giants (Tokyo Dome). The Japan Sumo Association
is also headquartered in Tokyo at the Ryogoku Kokugikan
sumo arena where three official sumo tournaments are held
annually (in January, May, and September). Football (soccer)
clubs in Tokyo include FC Tokyo and Tokyo Verdy 1969, both
of which play at Ajinomoto Stadium in Chofu. Tokyo hosted
the 1964 Summer Olympics. National Stadium, also known as
Olympic Stadium, Tokyo is host to a number of international
sporting events. With a number of world-class sports venues,
Tokyo often hosts national and international sporting events
such as tennis tournaments, swim meets, marathons, American
football exhibition games, judo, karate, etc. Tokyo Metropolitan
Gymnasium, in Sendagaya, Shibuya, is a large sports complex
that includes swimming pools, training rooms, and a large
indoor arena.
Tokyo in popular media
As the largest population center in Japan and the location of the
country’s largest broadcasters and studios, Tokyo is frequently
the setting for many Japanese movies, television shows, animated
series (anime), and comic books (manga). In the kaiju (monster
movie) genre, landmarks of Tokyo are routinely destroyed by
giant monsters such as Godzilla.
Some Hollywood directors have turned to Tokyo as a filming
location for movies set in Tokyo. Well-known examples from the
postwar era include Tokyo Joe, My Geisha, and the James Bond
film You Only Live Twice; well-known contemporary examples
include Kill Bill, Tokyo Drift and Lost in Translation.
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Sister relationships
Tokyo has eleven sister cities:
In addition, Tokyo has “partnership” agreements with London,
Auckland, Paris, and Rome. Many wards and cities within Tokyo
also maintain sister-city relationships with other foreign cities.
46
Japanese phrasebook
Japanese (??? nihongo) is spoken in Japan, and essentially
nowhere else other than South Korea and China, where some
use it as a second language. The language is strongly influenced
by, but unrelated to Chinese and possibly distantly related
to Korean, although the written form uses a combiantion of
Katakana, Hiragana and Kanji characters, all influenced by
Chinese characters.
Pronunciation guide
Japanese is not a tonal language like Chinese or Thai, and is
comparatively easy to pronounce. The vowels are pronounced
virtually identical to the “Italian way” and there are very few
consonants that do not exist in English. All syllables are to be
pronounced equal in length. Long vowels take the length of two
syllables. Combinations like ?? kya are treated like one syllable
and are the only occurrence of sliding vowels, all other syllables
are to be pronounced rather separately.
Also avoid placing too much emphasis on particular words or
syllables. Although Japanese does have a form of stress and
intonation, it is significantly flatter than English. Word stress
is much more subtle and neglecting it at this point should not
interfere with meaning. Trying to keep your intonation flat will
make your attempts to speak Japanese more comprehensible to
local listeners. When asking questions, you can raise the tone at
the end, as in English.
Vowels
Japanese has both short and long vowels and the distinction is
often important. Long vowels are either formed by a prolonged
sound mark, as in ??a, or by an ? o followed by ? u, as in ??o.
In romanized Japanese, these long vowels are marked with a
macron. The sounds below are first given in romanized Japanese,
then Hiragana and finally Katakana.
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?, ? : like ‘a’ in “father”
?, ? : like ‘i’ in “machine”
■■ u, ?, ? : like ‘oo’ in “hoop”, but short
■■ e, ?, ? : like ‘e’ in “set”
■■ o, ?, ? : like ‘o’ in “rope”, but less round
■■ a,
■■ i,
Note that “u” is often weak at the end of syllables. In particular,
the common endings desu and masu are usually pronounced as
des and mas respectively.
Consonants
With the solitary exception of “n” (?·?), consonants in Japanese
are always followed by a vowel to form a syllable. Consonants
and vowels are not freely combinable as in English, see table
on the right for all possible syllables and note irregularities like
? shi or ? fu. Certain syllables can be marked with diacritics,
which alters the pronunciation of the consonant part. The list
below first gives the consonant part of the syllable in romanized
Japanese, then the Japanese syllables that the sound occurs in
first in Hiragana, then Katakana.
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in ?????·????? : like ‘k’ in “king”
in ?????·????? : like ‘g’ in “go”
■■ s in ????·???? : like ‘s’ in “sit”
■■ z in ????·???? : like ‘z’ in “haze”
■■ t in ???·??? : like ‘t’ in “top”
■■ d in ???·??? : like ‘d’ in “dog”
■■ n in ?????·????? : like ‘n’ in “nice”
■■ h in ????·???? : like ‘h’ in “help”
■■ p in ?????·????? : like ‘p’ in “pig”
■■ b in ?????·????? : like ‘b’ in “bed”
■■ m in ?????·????? : like ‘m’ in “mother”
■■ y in ???·??? : like ‘y’ in “yard”
■■ r in ?????·????? : no equivalent in English, a sound between
‘l’, ‘r’ and ‘d’, but close to a very soft ‘r’
■■ w in ?·? : like ‘w’ in “wall”
■■ sh in ?·?: like ‘sh’ in “sheep”
■■ j in ?·?: like ‘j’ in “jar”
■■ ch in ?·?: like ‘ch’ in “touch”
■■ ts in ?·? : like ‘ts’ in “hot soup”
■■ f in ?·?: like ‘wh’ in “who”
■■ n, ?, ? : short ‘n’, slides towards ‘m’ in some cases
■■ double consonants through ?·? (small tsu) : ???? nippon is
pronounced “nip-(pause)-pon”. The consonant is prepared,
held and stopped for the duration of one syllable. Not to be
confused with with a “real” double consonant as in ?????
konnichiwa, which is usually shown by an apostrophe in the
romanized version: kon’nichiwa.
■■ k
■■ g
Examples
■■ kon’nichiwa ? kon-nee-chee-wa (not kounneeCHEEua)
■■ sumimasen ? soo-mee-mah-sen (not sue my maysen)
■■ onegai shimasu ? oh-neh-gigh shee-mahss (not ouneeGAY
SHYmessu)
Katakana
Katakana are used to write foreign and loanwords and are
hence a good choice for travellers to learn. The katakana set of
characters encompasses exactly the same sounds as hiragana,
they only look different. The table on the left only reproduces
the basic character set, diacritics (???) and combinations (??)
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apply just as for hiragana. One additional sound though is ?
vu and combinations like ?? ve based on it, accommodating
additional foreign sounds (actually ? vu exists in hiragana as
well, but is rarely if ever used). Every once in a while you may
spot additional ingenious combinations or use of diacritics.
Since Japanese doesn’t accommodate consonants, and
especially rapid successions of consonants, very well, the
katakana transcription can often only approximate the actual
pronunciation of a foreign word. While some words like café
(??? kafe) can be represented quite gracefully, other words
like beer (??? biru) or rent-a-car (????? rentaka) seem slightly
strange. Nonetheless, many English expressions and concepts
are used in everyday life, as are a number of German, French,
Dutch and Portugese loanwords. Oftentimes the exact meaning
of a word has changed in Japanese (de: Arbeit ?????? arubaito
is used only for part-time work) or a completely new meaning
was invented (?????? wanmanka? “one-man car”, trains and
buses without inspector, only one driver), but you can usually
at least guess at the meaning.
To identify a katakana word, it’s usually helpful to repeat it out
loud a few times and to leave out superfluous vocals, especially
the ‘u’ in ? su and ‘o’ in ? to. That way ??? raisu quickly becomes
“rice” and ???? chiketto becomes “ticket”. Try not too hard
though, as sometimes original Japanese words are written in
katakana as well, similar to the use of uppercase or italic letters
in English.
Grammar
At its core, Japanese grammar is pretty simple. It has no gender,
declensions or plurals. Nouns never conjugate, almost all verbs
are regular and there are only two tenses. Verbs and adjectives
also conjugate by politeness level though, and in a rather
peculiar way.
Japanese is a so called agglutinative language, meaning several
morphemes which have purely grammatical functions are glued
to the end of a word stem to express the grammatical function.
The more the intended meaning differs from the basic form of
the word, the more morphemes are glued together.
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Forming sentences
Japanese grammar generally employs a subject-object-verb
order, but is very modular and flexible since the grammatical
meaning of a word is expressed by the morphemes glued to
its end and special marker particles. The two most important
particles are the topic marker ? wa and the object marker ? o.
It becomes a little more complicated if both objects and subjects
are mixed within a sentence and the subject marker ? ga is
thrown in.
Students of the language can spend years wrapping their
heads around the difference between the topic of a sentence
(marked by ? wa) and the subject of a sentence (marked by ?
ga). However, as a beginner, you can fairly safely always use ?
wa to mark the person doing the action and get your message
across.
Some other useful particles are:
The verb “to be”
There is no verb “to be” as such. The two words ?? iru and ??
aru express the presence of a person or an object respectively,
but they are not in any way equivalent to “to be”. E.g.
??????????? Yamada-san wa koko ni iru. means “Mr. Yamada
is (physically present) here”. For expressions like “I am ...” or
“This is ...” it is technically sufficient to only state the subject or
object in question, and colloquially this is often what is done.
E.g. ??????? Kore Yamada-san. - “This Yamada-san.” Without
sufficient knowledge of the Japanese language and culture one
should generally add the polite copula desu though to make
the sentence more complete and give it a politeness level: ????
Yamada desu (“I am Yamada.”), ????? ringo desu (“This is an
apple.”), ???? akai desu (“It is red.”). Note that “I am” or “it
is” is not stated in these sentences but is rather implied by the
context: “Who is on call today?” - Yamada desu. “Yamada is.”,
“Who screwed this up?” - Yamada desu. “Yamada did.”
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To put it another way: There is no Japanese equivalent to “to
be” and no English equivalent to ?? desu, both are only relevant
within their respective grammatical contexts. They are both
used in roughly the same situations though.
dallas dejesus was here. shge came to japan two months ago on
a buisness trip. it was a pleasure having her her. its so sad that
she had two leave us. hopfully she will come back and fisit us
here in japan and we know we will be sure to visit her her in
the us.
Addressing others
More a cultural than a grammatical problem is the problem of
addressing somebody. Even though there exist a multitude of
word with the meaning “you”, it is generally avoided to address
somebody directly. The closest equivalent to “you” is ??? anata,
but it’s only being used among friends or equals. It is usually
preferred to address somebody by name, title or status, applying
appropriate honorifics.
■■ ??
-san : The most basic honorific, about equivalent to Mister or Miss (no distiction between the two in Japanese). ????
Yamada-san: Mister Yamada
■■ ? -sama : Politer than -san, used to address people ranking
higher on the social ladder.
■■ ??? -chan : Usually used to address young children. Also
used to address (usually female) close friends.
■■ ? -kun : Used to adress male close friends.
■■ ??? okyaku-sama : “Mister customer”, used by hotel or shop
owners to address you.
■■ ???? tencho-san : The way to address the owner of a shop,
though not the part-time workers.
■■ ???? oni-san, ???? one-san : Literally brother and sister respectively, is used to address young people who you’re having a hard time finding a better honorific for.
■■ ???? oji-san, ???? oba-san : “Gramps” and “granny”, very
popular to address old people. Cuter when used with -chan.
■■ ?? shacho : The boss of the company.
■■ ??? sochira : Means something like “on your side” and is
used when absolutely no better honorific can be found.
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There are also several different words for “I”, with ? watashi being
the most commonly used. Grammatically it’s often unnecessary
to use the words “you” or “I”, so they should generally be
avoided. Sometimes people will also call themselves by their
own name. When doing so they must not add any additional
honorifics though, you only do this when addressing others.
There’s no specific form for “we” or the plural “you”. To
address groups of people you add the plural particle ?? -tachi to
somebody within the group or the group designator.
■■ ???
watashi-tachi : lit. “the group around myself ”, meaning
“we”
■■ ?? ware-ware : a less formal way of saying “we”
■■ ????? anata-tachi : “the group around you”, plural “you”
■■ ???? kodomo-tachi : “a group of children”, meaning “the
children”
■■ ?????? Yamada-san-tachi : “the group around Yamada-san”,
everybody you’d associate with Mr. Yamada, based on context
Reading and writing
Reading and writing Japanese are advanced skills which take
years of work to gain much real proficiency. Japanese themselves
use three different writing systems of various complexity, two
of which (hiragana and katakana) are syllabic and relatively easy
to learn with 50 characters each.
The clincher is the set of Chinese characters known as kanji,
roughly 2,000 of which are in daily use while many more exist.
Kanji originated as pictures, where each character originally
represented a meaning, idea or concept, not a sound as in
English. Even though kanji have since evolved dramatically and
many have long since jettisoned any connection to the original
concept, the meaning of some simple kanji can still be easily
guessed at (see below).
One difficulty in reading Japanese lies often in the fact that a
kanji can have several different pronunciations. The kanji ? for
example has the meaning of a person, and by itself it may be
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pronounced hito. The kanji ? means big (imagine a person with
outstretched arms) and can be pronounced as dai or o. Together
they form the word ?? otona, “adult” (lit. big person). In the
word ??? gaikokujin (“foreigner”, lit. outside country person)
the same kanji ? is pronounced jin. These pronunciations exist
because a single kanji may be used to write one or more different
words, or parts of words. These “readings” are normally
categorized as either Sino-Japanese; a Japanese approximation
of the Chinese pronunciation of the character at the time it was
introduced to Japanese, or Japanese (or native); based on the
pronunciation of a native Japanese word.
Kanji are mixed with hiragana and katakana in everyday
writing for historical reasons. Japan adopted the Chinese hanzi
system, but found it difficult to impossible to express soundbased Japanese grammatical inflections with the meaning-based
Chinese characters. Hence the sound-based hiragana characters
have been invented and tacked onto the end of hanzi/kanji
characters. In the course the katakana system was invented to
express foreign and loan words. There are also several competing
systems for rendering Japanese in the Latin alphabet, although
the system is the most common and is used on Wikitravel as
well. Do not be surprised if you see these words romanized
differently elsewhere.
Also note that there are many homophones in Japanese, i.e.
words with different meanings that have the same prononciation
(like “there”, “they’re” and “their”). This can be confusing even
to native speakers, to the extend that words have to be explained
with an alternative reading or need to be drawn. These words
may also employ a pitch-accent system to distinguish them,
which speakers of non-tonal languages may have difficulty
catching on.
54
Basics
■■ Good afternoon. : ?????? Kon’nichiwa. (kon-nee-chee-WAH)
■■ How are you? : ??????? Ogenki desu ka? (oh-GEN-kee dessKAH?)
■■ Fine, thank you. : ????? Genki desu. (GEN-kee dess)
■■ How about you? : ????? Anata wa? (an-ATA wa)
■■ What is your name? : ????????? Onamae wa nan desu ka?
(oh-NAH-mah-eh wah NAHN dess-KAH?)
■■ My name is ... . : … ??? ... desu. (... dess.)
■■ Nice to meet you. : ?????? Hajimemashite. (hah-jee-mehMASH-teh)
■■ Please. (request) : ??????? Onegai shimasu. (oh-neh-gigh
shee-moss)
■■ Please. (offer) : ???? Dozo. (DOH-zo)
■■ This person is ... . (when introducing somebody) : ???? …
Kochira wa ... (ko-chi-ra)
■■ Thank you very much. (formal) : ????????????? Domo
arigato gozaimashita. (doh-moh ah-ree-GAH-toh go-ZIGHmoshita)
■■ Thank you. (less formal) : ?????????? Arigato gozaimasu.
(ah-ree-GAH-toh go-ZIGH-moss)
■■ Thank you. (normal) : ????? Arigato. (ah-ree-GAH-toh)
■■ Thanks. (informal) : ???? Domo. (doh-moh)
■■ You’re welcome. : ????????? Doitashimashite. (doh EE-tahshee mosh-teh)
■■ yes : ?? hai (HIGH)
■■ no : ??? iie (EE-eh)
■■ Excuse me. : ?????? Sumimasen. (soo-mee-mah-sen)
■■ I’m sorry. : ?????? Gomen’nasai. (goh-men-nah-sigh)
■■ I’m sorry. (informal) : ??? Gomen
■■ Goodbye. (long-term) : ?????? Sayonara. (sa-YOH-nah-rah)
■■ Goodbye. (informal) : ???? Ja ne.
■■ I can’t speak Japanese (very well). : ????(??)?????? Nihongo
ga (yoku) hanasemasen. ( nee-hohn-goh gah (yo-koo) hahnah-seh-mah-sen)
■■ Do you speak Japanese? : ?????????? Nihongo ga hanasemasu ka? (ni-HON-go gah hah-nah-seh-moss-KAH?)
■■ Yes, a little. : ?????? Hai, sukoshi. (HIGH sko-shee)
■■ Do you speak English? : ????????? Eigo ga hanasemasu ka?
(AY-goh gah hah-nah-seh-moss-KAH?)
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there someone here who speaks English? : ????????????
Dareka eigo ga hanasemasu ka? (dah-reh-kah AY-goh gah
hah-nah-seh-moss-KAH?)
■■ Please speak slowly. : ???????????? Yukkuri hanashite kudasai. (YOU-cury hanash-te kud-asaee)
■■ Please say it again. : ???????????? Mo ichido itte kudasai.
(mo ICHI-doh eete kud-asaee)
■■ Please help! : ???! Tasukete! (tahs-keh-teh!)
■■ Look out! : ???! Abunai! (ah-boo-NIGH!)
■■ Good morning. : ????????? Ohayo gozaimasu. (oh-hah-YOH
go-zigh-moss)
■■ Good morning. (informal) : ????? ohayo
■■ Good evening. : ?????? Konbanwa. (kohm-bahn-wah)
■■ Good night (to sleep) : ??????? Oyasuminasai. (oh-yah-soomee-nah-sigh)
■■ I don’t understand. : ??????? Wakarimasen. (wah-kah-reemah-sen)
■■ I am not Japanese. : ??????????? Nihonjin ja arimasen. (neehon-jin ja a-ree-ma-sen)
■■ Where is the toilet? : ?????????? Toire wa doko desu ka?
(toy-reh wah DOH-koh dess kah?)
■■ What? : ?? Nani? (nan-ee)
■■ Where? : ??? Doko? (do-koh)
■■ Who? : ?? Dare? (da-reh)
■■ When? : ??? Itsu? (it-soo)
■■ Which? : ??? Dore? (do-reh)
■■ Why? : ???? Doshite
■■ How? : ?????? Doyatte
■■ How much? : ???? Ikura? (ee-koo-ra)
■■ What type of? : ???? Donna?
■■ Is
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Problems
■■ Leave me alone. : ????? Hottoke.
■■ Don’t touch me! : ????! Sawaruna!
■■ I’ll call the police. : ???????? Keisatsu o yobimasu.
■■ Police! : ??! Keisatsu!
■■ Stop! Thief! : ??! ????! Mate! Dorobo!
■■ I need your help. : ????????? Tasukete kudasai.
■■ It’s an emergency. : ????? Kinkyu desu.
■■ I’m lost. : ????? Maigo desu.
■■ I lost my bag. : ????????? Kaban o nakushimashita.
■■ I dropped my wallet. : ?????????? Saifu o otoshimashita.
■■ I’m sick. : ????? Byoki desu.
■■ I don’t feel well. : ????????? Kibun ga warui desu.
■■ I’ve been injured. : ??????? Kega shimashita.
■■ Please call a doctor. : ??????????? Isha o yonde kudasai.
■■ Can I use your phone? : ????????????? Denwa o tsukatte
mo ii desu ka?
In an emergency
need a doctor. : ???????????????? Oishasan ni mite moraitai desu.
■■ Is there a doctor who can speak English? : ?????????????????
Eigo no dekiru oishasan wa imasu ka?
■■ Please take me to a doctor. : ???????????????? Oishasan ni
tsurete itte kudasai.
■■ My wife/husband/child is sick. : ?·??·???????? Tsuma/
shujin/kodomo ga byoki desu.
■■ Please call an ambulance. : ??????????? Kyukyusha o yonde
kudasai.
■■ I need first aid. : ???????????Okyu teate o shite kudasai.
■■ I need to go to the emergency room. : ????????????????
Kyukyushitsu ni ikanakereba narimasen.shorter: ??????????
Kyukyushitsu ni ikanai to.
■■ How long will it take to get better? : ?????????????? Naoru
made dono kurai kakarimasu ka?
■■ Where is a pharmacy? : ????????? Yakkyoku wa doko desu
ka?
■■ I
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Allergies
allergic to ... . : ?? … ???????? Watashi wa ... arerugii
desu.
■■ antibiotics : ???? kosei busshitsu
■■ aspirin : ????? asupirin
■■ codeine : ???? kodein
■■ dairy products : ??? nyuseihin
■■ food coloring : ????? jinko chakushokuryo
■■ fungus : ?? kinrui
■■ MSG : ??? ajinomoto
■■ mushrooms : ??? kinoko
■■ peanuts : ????? pinattsu
■■ penicillin : ????? penishirin
■■ pollen : ?? kafun
■■ seafood : ??? gyokairui
■■ sesame : ?? goma
■■ shellfish : ?? kairui
■■ tree nuts, fruits or berries : ??? ki no mi
■■ wheat : ?? komugi
■■ I’m
58
Explaining symptoms
... hurts. : … ????... ga itai.
feek unwell. : ????? kibun ga warui
■■ I have a fever. : ??????? Netsu ga arimasu.
■■ I cough a lot. : ?????? Seki ga demasu.
■■ I feel listless. : ?????? Karada ga darui.
■■ I feel nauseated. : ???????? Hakike ga shimasu.
■■ I feel dizzy. : ???????? Memai ga shimasu.
■■ I have the chills. : ??????? Samuke ga shimasu.
■■ I swallowed something. : ????????????? Nanika o nonde
shimaimashita.
■■ I am bleeding. : ????? Shukketsu desu.
■■ I broke a bone. : ????? Kossetsu desu.
■■ He/she is unconscious. : ??????? Ishiki fumei desu.
■■ I burned myself. : ????? Yakedo desu.
■■ He/she cannot breath. : ??????? Kokyu konnan desu.
■■ He/she had a heart attack. : ??????? Shinzo hossa desu.
■■ My vision got worse. : ????????? Shiryoku ga ochimashita.
■■ I can’t hear well. : ??????????? Mimi ga yoku kikoemasen.
■■ My nose bleeds a lot. : ????????? Hanaji ga yoku demasu.
■■ My
■■ I
Numbers
While Arabic (Western) numerals are employed for most uses in
Japan, you will occasionally still spot Japanese numerals at eg.
markets and the menus of fancy restaurants. The characters
used are nearly identical to Chinese numerals, and like Chinese,
Japanese uses groups of 4 digits, not 3. “One million” is thus ??
(hyaku-man), literally “hundred ten-thousands”.
There are both Japanese and Chinese readings for most
numbers, but presented below are the more commonly used
Chinese readings. Note that, due to superstition (shi also means
“death”), 4 and 7 typically use the Japanese readings yon and
nana instead.
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: ? (zero or maru) / ? (rei) in finance
: ? (ichi)
■■ 2 : ? (ni)
■■ 3 : ? (san)
■■ 4 : ? (yon or shi)
■■ 5 : ? (go)
■■ 6 : ? (roku)
■■ 7 : ? (nana or shichi)
■■ 8 : ? (hachi)
■■ 9 : ? (kyu)
■■ 10 : ? ( ju)
■■ 11 : ?? ( ju-ichi)
■■ 12 : ?? ( ju-ni)
■■ 13 : ?? ( ju-san)
■■ 14 : ?? ( ju-yon)
■■ 15 : ?? ( ju-go)
■■ 16 : ?? ( ju-roku)
■■ 17 : ?? ( ju-nana)
■■ 18 : ?? ( ju-hachi)
■■ 19 : ?? ( ju-kyuu)
■■ 20 : ?? (ni-ju)
■■ 21 : ??? (ni-ju-ichi)
■■ 22 : ??? (ni-ju-ni)
■■ 23 : ??? (ni-ju-san)
■■ 30 : ?? (san-ju)
■■ 40 : ??(yon-ju)
■■ 50 : ?? (go-ju)
■■ 60 : ?? (ro-ku-ju)
■■ 70 : ??(nana-ju)
■■ 80 : ?? (hachi-ju)
■■ 90 : ?? (kyu-ju)
■■ 100 : ? (hyaku)
■■ 200 : ?? (ni-hyaku)
■■ 300 : ?? (san-byaku)
■■ 600 : ?? (roppyaku)
■■ 800 : ?? (happyaku)
■■ 1000 : ? (sen)
■■ 2000 : ?? (ni-sen)
■■ 3000 : ?? (san-zen)
■■ 10,000 : ?? (ichi-man)
■■ 1,000,000 : ?? (hyaku-man)
■■ 0
■■ 1
59
60
: ?? (ichi-oku)
: ?? (itcho)
■■ 0.5 : ?·? (rei ten go)
■■ 0.56 : ?·?? (rei ten go-roku)
■■ number _____ (train, bus, etc.) : _____? (____ ban)
■■ half : ?? (hanbun)
■■ less (few) : ??? (sukunai)
■■ more (many) : ?? (ooi)
■■ 100,000,000
■■ 1,000,000,000,000
Time
■■ now : ? (ima)
■■ later : ?? (atode)
■■ before : ?? (mae ni)
■■ before ___ : ___ ??? ( ___ no mae ni)
■■ morning : ? (asa)
■■ afternoon : ?? (gogo)
■■ evening : ?? (yugata)
■■ night : ? (yoru)
Clock time
Clock times are formed as Chinese numeral plus ? ji, for example,
goji 5? for five o’clock. The exception is four o’clock which is
pronounced yoji(??) instead of shiji. You will be understood if
you simply substitute gozen ?? for “AM” and gogo ?? for PM,
although other time qualifiers like ? asa for morning and ?
yoru for night may be more natural. The 24-hour clock is also
commonly used in official contexts such as train schedules. TV
schedules occasionally use a modified 24-hour clock, with late
night showtimes counted from the previous day, e.g. Monday
at 2600 AM.
o’clock AM : ?6? (asa rokuji)
o’clock AM : ??9? (gozen kuji)
■■ noon : ?? (shogo)
■■ one o’clock PM : ??1? (gogo ichiji.)
■■ two o’clock PM : ??2? (gogo niji)
■■ midnight : ?12? (yoru juniji), ?? (reiji)
■■ six
■■ nine
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Duration
Confusingly, the Japanese words for “N days” (long) and “Nth
day” are the same, so eg. ?? futsuka means both “two days” and
“the second day of the month”. (See #Days of the Month for the
full list.) You can tag on -? kan at the end, eg. futsukakan 2??,
to clarify that you mean “two days long”.
minute(s) : _____ ? (fun or pun)
hour(s) : _____ ?? ( jikan)
■■ _____ day(s) : _____ ? (nichi or ka, see note above)
■■ _____ week(s) : _____ ?? (shukan)
■■ _____ month(s) : _____ ?? (kagetsu)
■■ _____ year(s) : _____ ? (nen)
■■ _____
■■ _____
Days
: ??(kyo)
: ??(kino)
■■ tomorrow : ??(ashita)
■■ tomorrow (formal) : ??(asu)
■■ this week : ??(konshu)
■■ last week : ??(senshu)
■■ next week : ??(raishu)
■■ today
■■ yesterday
Days of the Week
The days of the week are named after the sun, the moon and the
five elements of Chinese philosophy.
■■ Sunday : ??? (nichiyobi)
■■ Monday : ??? (getsuyobi)
■■ Tuesday : ??? (kayobi)
■■ Wednesday : ??? (suiyobi)
■■ Thursday : ??? (mokuyobi)
■■ Friday : ??? (kin’yobi)
■■ Saturday : ??? (doyobi)
Days of the Month
The 1st through the 10th of the month have special names:
62
day of the month :1? (tsuitachi)
day of the month : 2? (futsuka)
■■ Third day of the month : 3? (mikka)
■■ Fourth day of the month : 4? (yokka)
■■ Fifth day of the month : 5? (itsuka)
■■ Sixth day of the month : 6? (muika)
■■ Seventh day of the month : 7? (nanoka)
■■ Eighth day of the month : 8? (yoka)
■■ Ninth day of the month : 9? (kokonoka)
■■ Tenth day of the month : 10? (toka)
■■ First
■■ Second
The other days of the month are more orderly, just add the suffix
-nichi to the ordinal number. Note that 14, 20, and 24 deviate
from this pattern.
day of the month : 11? ( juichinichi)
day of the month : 14? ( juyokka)
■■ Twentieth day of the month : 20? (hatsuka)
■■ Twenty-fourth day of the month : 24? (nijuyokka)
■■ Eleventh
■■ Fourteenth
Months
Months are very orderly in Japanese, just add the suffix -gatsu to
the ordinal number.
: 1? (ichigatsu)
: 2? (nigatsu)
■■ March : 3? (sangatsu)
■■ April : 4? (shigatsu)
■■ May : 5? (gogatsu)
■■ June : 6? (rokugatsu)
■■ July : 7? (shichigatsu)
■■ August : 8? (hachigatsu)
■■ September : 9? (kugatsu)
■■ October : 10? ( jugatsu)
■■ November : 11? ( juichigatsu)
■■ December : 12? ( junigatsu)
■■ January
■■ February
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Seasons
: ? (haru)
: ? (natsu)
■■ Autumn : ? (aki)
■■ Winter : ? (fuyu)
■■ Spring
■■ Summer
Writing time and date
Dates are written in year/month/day (day of week) format, with
markers:
2007?3?21?(?)
Note that Imperial era years, based on the name and duration of
the current Emperor’s reign, are also frequently used. 2007 in
the Gregorian calendar corresponds to Heisei 19 (??19?), which
may be abbreviated as “H19”. Dates like “19/03/24” (March 24,
Heisei 19) are also occasionally seen.
Colors
Many of the English words for colors are widely used and
understood by almost all Japanese. These are indicated after
the slash.
Note that some Japanese colors are normally suffixed with
-iro (?) to distinguish between the color and the object. For
example, ? cha means “tea”, but ?? chairo means “tea-color”
→ “brown”.
: ? / ???? (kuro / burakku)
: ? / ???? (shiro / howaito)
■■ gray : ?(?) / ??? (hai(iro) / gure)
■■ red : ? / ??? (aka / reddo)
■■ blue : ? / ??? (ao / buru)
■■ yellow : ?(?) / ???? (ki(iro) / iero)
■■ green : ? / ???? (midori / guriin)
■■ orange : ? / ???? (daidai / orenji)
■■ purple : ? / ???? (murasaki / papuru)
■■ brown : ?(?) / ???? (cha(iro) / buraun)
■■ black
■■ white
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Bus and train
much is a ticket to _____? : _____ ???????? (_____ made
ikura desu ka?)
■■ One ticket to _____, please. : _____ ??????????(_____ made ichimai onegaishimasu)
■■ Where does this train/bus go? : ?????????? (kono densha/
basu wa doko yuki desuka?)
■■ Where is the train/bus to _____? : _____ ?????????? (_____ yuki
no densha/basu wa doko desuka?)
■■ Does this train/bus stop in _____? : ??? _____ ??????? (kono
densha/basu wa _____ ni tomarimasuka?)
■■ When does the train/bus for _____ leave? : _____
?????????????(_____ yuki no densha/basu wa nanji ni shuppatsu shimasuka?)
■■ When will this train/bus arrive in _____? : ?????? _____ ???????
(kono densha/basu wa nanji ni _____ ni tsukimasuka?)
■■ How
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Tokyo, Japan
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Directions
do I get to _____ ? : _____ ???????? (_____ wa dochira desu
ka?)
■■ ...the train station? : ?... (eki...)
■■ ...the bus station? : ???... (basu tei..)
■■ ...the airport? : ??... (kuko...)
■■ ...downtown? : ????... (machi no chushin...)
■■ ...the youth hostel? : ???·????... (yusu hosuteru...)
■■ ...the _____ hotel? : _____ ???... (hoteru...)
■■ ...the _____ embassy/consulate? : _____???/???... (_____ taishikan/ryojikan...)
■■ Where are there a lot of _____ : _____??????????? (_____ga ooi
tokoro wa doko desuka?)
■■ ...lodgings? : ?... (yado...)
■■ ...restaurants? : ?????... (resutoran...)
■■ ...bars? : ??... (baa)
■■ ...sites to see? : ??... (mimono...)
■■ Where is _____? : _____???????(_____ wa doko desuka.)
■■ Is it far from here? : ?????????? (Koko kara tooi desu ka.)
■■ Please show me on the map. : ?????????? (chizu de sashite
kudasai)
■■ street : ? (michi)
■■ Turn left. : ??????????? (Hidari e magatte kudasai.)
■■ Turn right. : ???????????(Migi e magatte kudasai.)
■■ left : ? (hidari)
■■ right : ? (migi)
■■ straight ahead : ???? (massugu)
■■ towards the _____ : _____ ????? (e mukatte)
■■ past the _____ : _____ ?? (no saki)
■■ before the _____ : _____ ?? (no mae)
■■ Watch for the _____. : _____?????? (ga mejirushi desu)
■■ intersection : ??? (kosaten)
■■ traffic light : ?? (shingou)
■■ north : ? (kita)
■■ south : ? (minami)
■■ east : ? (higashi)
■■ west : ? (nishi)
■■ uphill : ?? (nobori), also used for trains heading towards Tokyo
■■ downhill : ?? (kudari), also used for trains coming from Tokyo
■■ How
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Taxi
: ????! (Taxi!)
me to _____, please. : _____????????? (_____ made onegai
shimasu.)
■■ How much does it cost to get to _____? : _____ ????????? (_____
made ikura desuka)
■■ Take me there, please. : ??????????? (soko made onegai
shimasu.)
■■ Taxi!
■■ Take
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
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Lodging
■■ Do you have any rooms available? : ???????????? (Aiteru
heya arimasuka?)
■■ How much is a room for one person/two people? :
??/?????????????? (Hitori/futari-yo no heya wa ikura desuka?)
■■ Is the room Japanese/Western style? : ??/?????? (Washitsu/
yoshitsu desuka?)
■■ Does the room come with... : ??? ... ?????? (Heya wa ___ tsuki
desuka?)
■■ ...bedsheets? : ???????... (beddo no shiitsu...)
■■ ...a bathroom? : ??? (furoba...)
■■ ...a telephone? : ?? (denwa...)
■■ ...a TV? : ???? (terebi...)
■■ May I see the room first? : ???????????? (heya o mitemo ii
desuka?)
■■ Do you have anything quieter? : ??? heya arimasuka?)
■■ ...bigger? : ?? (hiroi)
■■ ...cleaner? : ???? (kirei na)
■■ ...cheaper? : ?? (yasui)
■■ OK, I’ll take it. : ???????????(hai, kore de ii desu.)
■■ I will stay for _____ night(s). : _____ ???????(____ ban tomarimasu.)
■■ Do you know another place to stay? : ??????????? (hoka no
yado wa gozonji desuka?)
■■ Do you have arimasuka?)
■■ ...lockers? : ...????? (rokkaa (locker))
■■ Is breakfast/supper included? : ??/????????? (choshoku/
yushoku wa tsukimasuka?)
■■ What time is breakfast/supper? : ??/????????? (choshoku/
yushoku wa nanji desuka?)
■■ Please clean my room. : ???????????? (heya o soji shite kudasai)
■■ Please wake me at _____. : _____ ?????????? (____ ni okoshite
kudasai.)
■■ I want to check out. : ??????????(chekku auto (check out)
desu.)
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Money
■■ Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? :
????/???????/??????????? (Amerika/osutoraria/kanada
doru wa tsukae masuka?)
■■ Do you accept British pounds? : ?????????????? (igirisu
pondo wa tsukaemasuka?)
■■ Do you accept credit cards? : ??????????????? (kurejitto
kaado (credit card) wa tsukaemasuka?)
■■ Can you change money for me? : ?????????? (okane ryogae
dekimasuka?)
■■ Where can I get money changed? : ?????????????? (okane
wa doko de ryogae dekimasuka?)
you change a traveler’s check for me? :
■■ Can
??????·???????????? ((traveler’s check) ryogae dekimasuka?)
■■ Where can I get a traveler’s check changed? :
??????·???????????????? ((traveler’s check) wa doko de
ryogae dekimasuka?)
■■ What is the exchange rate? : ?????????????(kawase reeto
wa ikura desu ka?)
■■ Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : ATM
?????????? (ATM wa doko ni arimasuka?)
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Eating
■■ I’m hungry. : ??????? (onaka-ga-suita)
■■ A table for one person/two people, please. : ??/????? (hitori/futari desu)
■■ Please bring a menu. : ????????? (menu o kudasai.)
■■ Can I look in the kitchen? : ????????????? (choriba o mite
mo ii desu ka?)
■■ Is there a house specialty? : ?????????? (O-susume wa arimasuka?)
■■ Is there a local specialty? : ????????????? (Kono hen no
meibutsu wa arimasuka?)
■■ Please choose for me. : ??????? (O-makase shimasu.)
■■ I’m a vegetarian. : ????????? (Bejitarian desu.)
■■ I don’t eat pork. : ???????? (Butaniku wa dame desu.)
■■ I don’t eat beef. : ????????(Gyuniku wa dame desu.)
■■ I don’t eat raw fish. : ?????????(Nama no sakana wa dame
desu.)
■■ Please do not use too much oil. : ?????????(Abura o hikaete
kudasai.)
■■ fixed-price meal : ?? (teishoku)
■■ à la carte : ???? (ippinryori)
■■ breakfast : ?? (choshoku) / ??? (asagohan)
■■ lunch : ?? (chushoku) / ??? (hirugohan)
■■ light meal/snack : ?? (keishoku)
■■ supper : ?? (yushoku) / ??? (bangohan)
■■ Please bring _____. : _____ ?????(_____ o kudasai.)
■■ I want a dish containing _____. : _____???????????? (____ ga
haitteru mono o kudasai.)
■■ chicken : ?? (toriniku)
■■ beef : ?? (gyuniku)
■■ pork : ?? (butaniku)
■■ fish : ? (sakana)
■■ ham : ?? (hamu)
■■ sausage : ????? (soseeji)
■■ cheese : ??? (chiizu)
■■ eggs : ? (tamago)
■■ salad : ??? (sarada)
■■ (fresh) vegetables : (?)?? ( (nama) yasai)
■■ (fresh) fruit : (?)?? ( (nama) kudamono)
■■ bread : ?? (pan)
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: ???? (tosuto)
: ?? (menrui)
■■ pasta : ??? (pasta)
■■ rice : ?? (gohan)
■■ soup : ??? : (supu)
■■ beans : ? (mame)
■■ May I have a glass/cup of _____? : _____ ??????? (____ o ippai
kudasai.)
■■ May I have a bottle of _____? : _____ ??????? (_____ o ippon kudasai.)
■■ coffee : ???? (kohii)
■■ green tea : ?? (o-cha)
■■ black tea : ?? (kocha)
■■ juice : ?? (kaju)
■■ water : ? (mizu)
■■ beer : ??? (biiru)
■■ red/white wine : ?/???? (aka/shiro wain)
■■ Do you have _____? : _____ ??????? (_____ wa arimasuka?)
■■ chopsticks : ?? (o-hashi)
■■ fork : ???? (foku)
■■ spoon : ???? (supun)
■■ salt : ? (shio)
■■ black pepper : ?? (kosho)
■■ soy sauce : ?? (shoyu)
■■ ashtray : ?? (haizara)
■■ Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server) : ????? (sumimasen)
■■ (when starting a meal) : ???????(itadakimasu)
■■ It was delicious. (when finishing a meal) : ????????? (Gochiso-sama deshita.)
■■ Please clear the plates. : ??????????? (Osara o sagete kudasai.)
■■ The check, please. : ?????????? (O-kanjo onegai shimasu.)
■■ toast
■■ noodles
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On the phone
■■ Telephone : ?? denwa
■■ Telephone number : ???? denwa bango
■■ Phone book : ??? denwa cho
■■ Answering machine : ????? rusuban denwa
■■ Hello : ???? moshi moshi
■■ May I speak to ... . : … ????????... o onegaishimasu.
■■ Is ... there? : … ??????????? ... wa irasshaimasu ka?
■■ Who is calling? : ??????? Donata desu ka?
■■ One moment, please. : ???????????? Chotto omachi kudasai.
■■ ... is not here right now. : … ??????? ... wa ima imasen.
■■ I will call you again later. : ????????? Mata ato de denwa
shimasu.
■■ I got the wrong number. : ??????? Machigaemashita.
■■ The line is busy. : ?????? Hanashichu desu.
■■ What is your phone number? : ??????????? Denwa bango
wa nanban desu ka?
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Bars
■■ Do you serve alcohol? : ???????? (O-sake arimasuka?)
■■ Is there table service? : ?????????????? (Teburu sabisu arimasuka?)
■■ A beer/two beers, please. : ?????/??????(Biiru ippai/nihai
kudasai.)
■■ A glass of red/white wine, please. : ?/??????????(Aka/shiro
wain ippai kudasai.)
■■ A mug (of beer), please. : ????????????(Biiru no jokki kudasai.)
■■ A bottle, please. : ?????. (Bin kudasai.)
■■ _____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer), please. : _____ ? _____
????(_____ to _____ kudasai.)
■■ sake : ??? (nihonshu)
■■ Japanese liquor : ?? (shochu)
■■ whiskey : ????? (uisukii)
■■ vodka : ???? (wokka)
■■ rum : ?? (ramu)
■■ water : ? (mizu)
■■ club soda : ??? (soda)
■■ tonic water : ????????? (tonikku uota)
■■ orange juice : ???????? (orenji jusu)
■■ cola (soda) : ??? (kora)
■■ with ice : ?????? (onzarokku)
■■ Do you have any bar snacks? : ?????????? (o-tsumami arimasuka?)
■■ One more, please. : ????????? (Mo hitotsu kudasai.)
■■ Another round, please. : ?????????????????? (Minna ni
onaji mono o ippai zutsu kudasai.)
■■ When is closing time? : ????????? (Heiten wa nanji desuka?)
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Shopping
■■ Do you have this in my size? : ???????????? (Watashi no
saizu de arimasuka?)
■■ How much is this? : ??????? (Ikura desuka?)
■■ That’s too expensive. : ?????? (Takasugimasu.)
■■ Would you take _____? : _____???????? (_____ wa do desuka?)
■■ expensive : ?? (takai)
■■ cheap : ?? (yasui)
■■ I can’t afford it. : ??????????????? (Sonna-ni o-kane wa
motte imasen.)
■■ I don’t want it. : ??????? (Iranai desu.)
■■ You’re cheating me. : ??????? (Damashiteru n da.) Use with
caution!
■■ I’m not interested. : ??????? (Kyomi nai desu.)
■■ OK, I’ll take it. : ?????????? (Hai, sore ni shimasu.)
■■ Can I have a bag? : ???????????? (Fukuro moratte mo ii
desuka?)
■■ Do you ship (overseas)? : ??????????? (Kaigai e hasso dekimasuka?)
■■ I need... : ___??????? (____ ga hoshii desu.)
■■ ...spectacles. : ?? (megane)
■■ ...toothpaste. : ??? (hamigaki)
■■ ...a toothbrush. : ???? (ha-burashi)
■■ ...tampons. : ???? (tanpon)
■■ ...soap. : ?? (sekken)
■■ ...shampoo. : ????? (shanpu)
■■ ...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen) : ??? (chintsuzai)
■■ ...cold medicine. : ??? (kazegusuri)
■■ ...stomach medicine. : ??? (ichoyaku)
■■ ...a razor. : ?? (kamisori)
■■ ...an umbrella. : ? (kasa)
■■ ...sunblock lotion. : ????? (hiyakedome)
■■ ...a postcard. : ?? (hagaki)
■■ ...postage stamps. : ?? (kitte)
■■ ...batteries. : ?? (denchi)
■■ ...writing paper. : ? (kami)
■■ ...a pen. : ?? (pen)
■■ ...a pencil. : ?? (en-pitsu)
■■ ...English-language books. : ???? (eigo no hon)
■■ ...English-language magazines. : ????? (eigo no zasshi)
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English-language newspaper. : ????? (eigo no shinbun)
Japanese-English dictionary. : ???? (waei jiten)
■■ ...an English-Japanese dictionary. : ???? (eiwa jiten)
■■ ...an
■■ ...a
Family
■■ Are you married? : ????????? (Kekkon shiteimasu ka?)
■■ I am married. : ???????? (Kekkon shiteimasu.)
■■ I am single. : ????? (Dokushin desu)
■■ Do you have brothers and sisters? : ???????? (Kyodai ga imasu ka?)
■■ Do you have children? : ???????? (Kodomo ga imasu ka?)
Talking about your own family
: ? (chichi)
: ? (haha)
■■ Older Brother : ? (ani)
■■ Older Sister : ? (ane)
■■ Younger Brother : ? (ototo)
■■ Younger Sister : ? (imoto)
■■ Grandfather : ?? (sofu)
■■ Grandmother : ?? (sobo)
■■ Uncle : ??/?? (oji)
■■ Aunt : ??/?? (oba)
■■ Husband : ? (otto) / ?? (shujin)
■■ Wife : ? (tsuma) / ?? (kanai)
■■ Son : ?? (musuko)
■■ Daughter : ? (musume)
■■ Grandchild : ? (mago)
■■ Father
■■ Mother
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Talking about another’s family
: ???? (otosan)
: ???? (okasan)
■■ Older Brother : ???? (onisan)
■■ Older Sister : ???? (onesan)
■■ Younger Brother : ??? (ototosan)
■■ Younger Sister : ??? (imotosan)
■■ Grandfather : ????? (ojisan)
■■ Grandmother : ????? (obasan)
■■ Uncle : ???? (ojisan)
■■ Aunt : ???? (obasan)
■■ Husband : ??? (goshujin)
■■ Wife : ??? (okusan)
■■ Son : ???? (musukosan)
■■ Daughter : ???? (ojosan)
■■ Grandchild : ??? (magosan)
■■ Father
■■ Mother
Driving
■■ I want to rent a car. : ???????????? (rent-a-car onegaishimasu.)
■■ Can I get insurance? : ???????? (hoken hairemasuka?)
■■ Do you have a driver’s license? : ???????????? (Menkyosho
o motte imasu ka.)
■■ stop (on a street sign) : ???/??? (tomare)
■■ one way : ???? (ippo tsuko)
■■ caution : ?? ( joko)
■■ no parking : ???? (chusha kinshi)
■■ speed limit : ???? (seigen sokudo)
■■ gas (petrol) station : ???????? (gasorin sutando)
■■ petrol : ???? (gasorin)
■■ diesel : ??/????? (keiyu / diizeru)
Authority
In Japan, you can legally be incarcerated for twenty-three (23)
days before you are charged, but you do have the right to see a
lawyer after the first 48 hours of detention. Note that if you sign
a confession, you will be convicted.
76
haven’t done anything (wrong). : ??(????)??????(Nani mo
(warui koto) shitemasen.)
■■ It was a misunderstanding. : ?????? (Gokai deshita.)
■■ Where are you taking me? : ????????????? (Doko e tsurete
yukuno desuka?)
■■ Am I under arrest? : ????????????? (Watashi wa taiho sareteruno desuka?)
■■ I am a citizen of ____. : ____ ?????? (____ no kokumin desu.)
■■ I want to meet with the ____ embassy. : ____ ???????????? (____
taishikan to awasete kudasai.)
■■ I want to meet with a lawyer. : ????????????(Bengoshi to
awasete kudasai.)
■■ Can it be settled with a fine? : ????????? (Bakkin de sumimasuka?)Note: You can say this to a traffic cop, but bribery is
highly unlikely to work in Japan.
■■ I
Typical Japanese expressions
■■ ?????? So desu ne. : “That’s how it is, isn’t it?”General agreement. Especially old people can be heard going so desu ne
back and forth quite a few times.
■■ (??)????????? (Taihen) omataseshimashita. : “I have made
you wait (terribly) long.”Used as an excuse after any amount
of downtime, even just seconds. Often also used as a starter
to get things going again.
■■ ????????? Otsukaresama deshita. : “It’s been honorably
tiresome.”To colleagues in the sense of “you gave it all, good
work”, but more generally at the end of almost any activity.
■■ ????! Ganbatte! : “Give it your best!”Meant to be encouraging and motivating.
■■ ??????? Itadakimasu. : “I will receive.”To yourself before
starting to eat or when accepting something offered to you.
■■ ?????? Shitsurei shimasu. : “I will trouble you.” or “I will be
impolite.”When entering your superiors room or an unfamiliar house, when trying to get someone’s attention or generally when interrupting someone.
■■ ??????? Shitsurei shimashita. : “I have troubled you.” or “Excuse my impoliteness.”When leaving your superiors room or
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an unfamiliar house or generally as “Sorry to have bothered
you, carry on.”
■■ ???? Daijobu. : “It is alright.”For general reassurance. Used
with desu ka? to inquire if something or somebody is alright.
■■ ??! Sugoi! : “Great!”, “Incredible!”Very popular amongst girls
and greatly overused.
■■ ???! Kawaii! : “How cute!”See sugoi.
■■ ???? Eee~ : “Reallyyyyyyy~?”Almost a standard reaction to
any kind of news. Can be lengthened indefinitely and is hence
useful to stall for time when thinking about a real answer.
■■ ??! Uso! : “Lie!”Doesn’t necessarily accuse one of lying, usually used in the sense of “Seriously?!”
Honourifics
Japanese makes extensive use of honorific language (?? keigo)
when talking to people of higher status. Keigo is famously
difficult to master and even Japanese salespeople often need
to take special courses to learn to speak correctly, but it is
very commonly used in situations like salespeople talking to
customers and train announcements, so even passive familiarity
with the most common keigo verbs and constructs can be very
handy.
Respectful form
When talking to someone of higher status than yourself, it
is important to use a respectful form (??? sonkeigo) when
talking about the other person. Generally, this follows the
pattern ?~???(o ~ ni naru), where ~ represents the stem of
the basic polite form: eg. to read, ??(yomu), basic polite form
????(yomimasu) becomes ??????(o-yomi-ni-naru). The naru at
the end follows the normal conjugation patterns for naru, most
commonly becoming narimasu (present) or narimashita (past).
The main exceptions are listed below:
78
see: ?? becomes ????? (goran-ni-naru).
eat/drink: ???/?? becomes ????? (meshi-agaru).
■■ To come/go/be at a place: ??/??/?? becomes ??????
(irassharu). (basic polite form ???????? irasshaimasu and
not ????????)
■■ To know: ?? becomes ???? (gozonji-da).
■■ To give (to yourself ): ??? becomes ??? (kudasaru). (basic polite form ????? kudasaimasu and not ?????)
■■ To do: ?? becomes ??? (nasaru). (basic polite form ?????
nasaimasu and not ?????)
■■ To say: ?? becomes ????? (ossharu) (basic polite form
??????? osshaimasu and not ???????)
■■ To
■■ To
Humble form
When talking about yourself to someone of higher status than
you, it is important to put yourself down by using a humble
form (??? kensongo). Generally this follows the pattern ?~??
(o ~ suru), where ~ reprents the stem of the basic polite form:
eg. to borrow, ???(kariru), basic polite form ???? (karimasu)
becomes ????? (o-kari-suru). The suru at the end follows the
usual conjugation pattern of suru, most commonly becoming
shimasu (present) or shimashita (past); for an extra helping of
humility, the verb ?? itasu ???? itashimasu can be substituted.
The main exceptions are listed below:
see: ?? becomes ???? (haiken-suru).
come/go: ??/?? becomes ?? (mairu).
■■ To eat/drink/receive: ???/??/??? becomes ???? (itadaku)
■■ To give: ??? becomes ????? (sashi-ageru).
■■ To do: ?? becomes ?? (itasu)
■■ To know: ?? becomes ??? (zonjiru)
■■ To say: ?? becomes ????? (moshi-ageru)
■■ My name is: ?? becomes ?? (mosu)
■■ To
■■ To
Polite form
The third type of keigo is called simply “polite language”, or
teineigo (???). Whereas respectful and humble language refer
to the subject (you and I), teineigo is used to simply imply
respect to the listener. An example:
Created for Sacha
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79
■■ Ringo
wo goran ni narimasuka? : Can you see the apple? (respectful)
■■ Ringo wo haiken shimasu. : I see the apple. (humble)
■■ Kare mo ringo wo mimasu. : He also sees the apple. (polite)
In fact, the desu copula and the -masu form taught to beginning
students of Japanese are both examples of teineigo. A few verbs
and adjectives have special teineigo forms:
be : aru (??) &rarr gozaru (???????) (basic polite form
????? (gozaimasu) and not ?????)
■■ to die : shinu (??) &rarr nakunaru (????)
■■ good : ii/yoi (??/??) &rarr yoroshii (????)
■■ to
Country and territory names
Country and territory names in Japanese are generally borrowed
from their English names and written in katakana. Some of the
main exceptions are as follows:
■■ ??
Nihon/Nippon : Japan
Chugoku : China (or, confusingly, Western Honshu)
■■ ?? Taiwan : Taiwan
■■ ?? Honkon: Hong Kong
■■ ?? Kankoku : South Korea
■■ ??? Kitachosen : North Korea
■■ ??? Doitsu : Germany
■■ ???? Igirisu : United Kingdom
■■ ??? Indo : India
■■ ?? Tai : Thailand
■■ ???? Itaria : Italy
■■ ???? Amerika : United States of America (not the whole
American continent)
■■ ????? Minami-afurika : South Africa
■■ ???? Oranda : The Netherlands
■■ ???? Berugi : Belgium
■■ ???????? Arabu-shuchokoku-renpo : United Arab Emirates
■■ ??
80
Offensive Language
It might happen that there is a need to express negative emotions
towards others. Or it might happen that others do this to you. In
those cases it is useful to understand some Japanese offensive
words. Please use these with care.
or idiot (Kanto) : ?? (baka)
or idiot (Kansai) : ?? (aho)
■■ Doing something untimely : ??? (manuke)
■■ A slow person : ??? (noroma)
■■ Being bad at something : ?? (heta)
■■ Being very bad at something : ??? (hetakuso)
■■ A stingy person : ?? (kechi)
■■ An old man : ??? ( jijii)
■■ An old woman : ??? (babaa)
■■ Not being cool : ??? (dasai)
■■ Fussy or depressing : ??? (uzai)
■■ Creepy : ??? (kimoi)
■■ Drop dead! : ???? (kutabare)
■■ Get out of the way! : ?? (doke)
■■ Noisy! : ???? (urusai)
■■ Shit : ? (kuso)
■■ These words are mostly used by young people
■■ Fool
■■ Fool
Learning more
■■ —
English-Japanese-English dictionary including sentence
translation, kanji lookup and place/personal name dictionary
■■ — A collection of online study aids and quizzes
■■ — Some Japanese lessons in mp3.
■■ — Daily Japanese lessons.
Japanese language
Sprachführer Japanisch
Guía de conversación en japonés
Guide linguistique japonais
Frasario giapponese
Guia de conversação japonês
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
Japanin matkasanakirja
81
82
Events
Salvation Army Bazaar
Donated goods are sold at the
bazzar, which opens from
900 P.M. every saturday.
Profits are used for social welfare
service by the Salvation Army.
DATE: Jun 23—Jun, 23 2008
VENUE: The Salvation Army’s Men’s Social Service Centre
ADDRESS: 2-21-2 Wada Suginami-ku Tokyo, Tokyo , 13
The Tokyo Exhilarating Combat Exercise
Meeting
DATE: Jun 23
VENUE: Tokyo, TÃ´kyÃ´, Japan
Tomomi Nishimoto, conductor; Shohei Sekimoto,
piano; Monte Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra
Tomomi Nishimoto, conductor; Shohei Sekimoto, piano; Monte
Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra
7.00pm, Monday 23 June 2008
Bizet: Carmen, Suite No. 1, for orchestra
Chopin: Piano Concerto No. 1 in E minor, op. 11
Dvorak: Symphony No. 9 in E minor (From the New World),
op. 95
DATE: Jun 23
VENUE: Suntory Hall
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JUNE open writing session
Writer’s salon, non-meeting - meeting. afternoon writing
session, bring ongoing projects to work on, come together and
write for 2 hours, with some snacks and a few drinks. Not our
regular group and writing exercise work, this smaller session is
just to work on existing projects with the thought that organizing
something might motivate us to work on our ideas. Open only
to writer’s salon members who have attended a regular meeting
before. (not open to newcomers please come to a regular group
session first!) no structured activity for this one, just bring your
writing and pens and work together for a couple of hours. No
500 yen fee, but please order something from the restaurant if
possible to support them for giving us the space. questions? let
me know *Lauren
DATE: Jun 24
The Tokyo Comedy Store Improv Workshop
Meeting
DATE: Jun 24
Tomomi Nishimoto, conductor; Soichi Muraji,
guitar; Monte Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra
Tomomi Nishimoto, conductor; Soichi Muraji, guitar; Monte
Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra
7.00pm, Tuesday 24 June 2008
Debussy: Prelude a l’apres-midi d’un faune (Prelude to the
Afternoon of a Faun), for orchestra, L 86
Rodrigo: Concierto de Aranjuez, for guitar and orchestra
op. 95
DATE: Jun 24
VENUE: Suntory Hall
84
DMS - DESIGN ENGINEERING & MANUFACTURING
SOLUTIONS EXPO / CONFERENCE 2008
Japan’s Largest Trade Show and Conference Focusing on IT
Solutions for the Manufacturing Industry
VENUE: Tokyo International Exhibition Center (Tokyo Big
Sight)
ADDRESS: 3-21-1 Ariake Koto-ku Tokyo 135-0063, Tokyo , 13
IVR - INDUSTRIAL VIRTUAL REALITY EXPO /
CONFERENCE 2008
Japan’s Largest Trade Show and Conference of Comprehensive
VR Products, Technologies for Industrial Applications
Sight)
M-TECH - MECHANICAL COMPONENTS & MATERIALS
TECHNOLOGY EXPO 2008
Largest Trade Fair in Japan for Mechanical Components &
Materials
Sight)
Hedge Fund Investments Japan IQ 2008
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MTech Mechanical Components & Materials
Technology Expo
Japans largest trade fair focusing on mechanical components,
materials, and fabrication technology. Gateway to the lucrative
manufacturing industry of Japan.
VENUE: Bridgewaters
Massimo Zanetti, conductor; Lisa Larsson,
soprano; NHK Symphony Orchestra
Massimo Zanetti, conductor; Lisa Larsson, soprano; NHK
Symphony Orchestra
7.00pm, Wednesday 25 June 2008
Programme of Songs by Mozart and Richard Strauss
DATE: Jun 25
VENUE: Suntory Hall
June Book Club Meeting
Come join us for our Monthly Book Group meeting! June is a
FICTION month, we alternate each month between fiction and
non. Once a month - lets meet and discuss a book together in
English. And let’s have some good food at the same time. Some
book clubs meet at the same spot every month, but let’s get
to know new food joints as we learn about new authors and
books. The Book for June as voted on by our members is The
Book Thief by Markus Zusak From The Washington Post’s Book
World / washingtonpost.com Death, it turns out, is not proud.
The narrator of The Book Thief is many things -- sardonic, wry,
darkly humorous, compassionate -- but not especially proud. As
author Marcus Zusak channels him, Death -- who doesn’t carry
a scythe but gets a kick out of the idea -- is as afraid of humans
as humans are of him. Knopf is blitz-marketing this 550-page
book set in Nazi Germany as a young-adult novel, though it
was published in the author’s native Australia for grown-ups.
(Zusak, 30, has written several books for kids, including the
award-winning I Am the Messenger.) The book’s length, subject
matter and approach might give early teen readers pause, but
those who can get beyond the rather confusing first pages will
find an absorbing and searing narrative. Death meets the book
thief, a 9-year-old girl named Liesel Meminger, when he comes
86
to take her little brother, and she becomes an enduring force in
his life, despite his efforts to resist her. “I traveled the globe . .
. handing souls to the conveyor belt of eternity,” Death writes.
“I warned myself that I should keep a good distance from the
burial of Liesel Meminger’s brother. I did not heed my advice.”
As Death lingers at the burial, he watches the girl, who can’t
yet read, steal a gravedigger’s instruction manual. Thus Liesel
is touched first by Death, then by words, as if she knows she’ll
need their comfort during the hardships ahead. And there
are plenty to come. Liesel’s father has already been carted off
for being a communist and soon her mother disappears, too,
leaving her in the care of foster parents: the accordion-playing,
silver-eyed Hans Hubermann and his wife, Rosa, who has a face
like “creased-up cardboard.” Liesel’s new family lives on the
unfortunately named Himmel (Heaven) Street, in a small town
on the outskirts of Munich populated by vivid characters: from
the blond-haired boy who relates to Jesse Owens to the mayor’s
wife who hides from despair in her library. They are, for the
most part, foul-spoken but good-hearted folks, some of whom
have the strength to stand up to the Nazis in small but telling
ways. Stolen books form the spine of the story. Though Liesel’s
foster father realizes the subject matter isn’t ideal, he uses “The
Grave Digger’s Handbook” to teach her to read. “If I die anytime
soon, you make sure they bury me right,” he tells her, and she
solemnly agrees. Reading opens new worlds to her; soon she is
looking for other material for distraction. She rescues a book
from a pile being burned by the Nazis, then begins stealing
more books from the mayor’s wife. After a Jewish fist-fighter
hides behind a copy of Mein Kampf as he makes his way to the
relative safety of the Hubermanns’ basement, he then literally
whitewashes the pages to create his own book for Liesel, which
sustains her through her darkest times. Other books come in
handy as diversions during bombing raids or hedges against
grief. And it is the book she is writing herself that, ultimately, will
save Liesel’s life. Death recounts all this mostly dispassionately -you can tell he almost hates to be involved. His language is spare
but evocative, and he’s fond of emphasizing points with bold
type and centered pronouncements, just to make sure you get
them (how almost endearing that is, that Death feels a need to
emphasize anything). “A NICE THOUGHT,” Death will suddenly
announce, or “A KEY WORD.” He’s also full of deft descriptions:
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“Pimples were gathered in peer groups on his face.” Death, like
Liesel, has a way with words. And he recognizes them not only
for the good they can do, but for the evil as well. What would
Hitler have been, after all, without words? As this book reminds
us, what would any of us be?
DATE: Jun 25
Daishin Kashimoto, violin; Konstantin Lifschitz,
piano
Daishin Kashimoto, violin; Konstantin Lifschitz, piano
7.00pm, Thursday 26 June 2008
Shostakovich: Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor, op. 61
Shostakovich: Viola Sonata in C major, op. 147
Beethoven: Violin Sonata No. 9 in A major (Kreutzer), op. 47
DATE: Jun 26
VENUE: Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall
Massimo Zanetti, conductor; Lisa Larsson,
soprano; NHK Symphony Orchestra
Massimo Zanetti, conductor; Lisa Larsson, soprano; NHK
Symphony Orchestra
7.00pm, Thursday 26 June 2008
Programme of Songs by Mozart and Richard Strauss
DATE: Jun 26
VENUE: Suntory Hall
Open Mic Night @ CoZmo’s Cafe Meeting
DATE: Jun 26
88
Proposed Weekend Trip to South Korea
Im thinking of planning a weekend trip to South Korea sometime
in June 2008 anyone wanting to join is most welcome. Dates are
flexible. I had to change it to end of June due very busy work
schedule. If your interested lets get together and plan the trip.
Let’s enjoy sightseeing, eating some new foods, drinking and
shopping for souviners. As most people have jobs im thinking
a weekend trip. Leaving late friday evening and returning late
sunday evening. For more information on South Korea check
out: Lonely Planet - South Korea Information Korea Travel
Guide Please RSVP your interest and preferred date of travel.
Corinne Organizer of Tokyo Travel Buddies.
DATE: Jun 27
Taijiro Iimori, conductor; Eiichi Chijiiwa, violin;
Tokyo City Philharmonic Orchestra
Taijiro Iimori, conductor; Eiichi Chijiiwa, violin; Tokyo City
Philharmonic Orchestra
7.00pm, Friday 27 June 2008
Elgar: Violin Concerto in B minor, op. 61
Carl Nielsen: Symphony No. 4 (Inextinguishable), op. 29, FS 76
DATE: Jun 27
VENUE: Tokyo Opera City Concert Hall
Vladimir Valek, conductor; Stanislav Bunin,
piano; Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra
Vladimir Valek, conductor; Stanislav Bunin, piano; Prague
Radio Symphony Orchestra
7.00pm, Friday 27 June 2008
Smetana: The Moldau, symphonic poem (from the symphonic
cycle Ma vlast)
op. 95
Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor (Pathetique), op. 13
Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor, op. 37
DATE: Jun 27
VENUE: Suntory Hall
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
89
will’s super chicken sex bbq
DATE: Jun 28
VENUE: Tokyo Makuhari Messe
Jun-ichi Hirokami, conductor; New Japan
Philharmonic
Jun-ichi Hirokami, conductor; New Japan Philharmonic
2.00pm, Saturday 28 June 2008
Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor, op. 18
Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor, op. 30
DATE: Jun 28
VENUE: Suntory Hall
Produced by the Royal Academy of Music and
Drama
Produced by the Royal Academy of Music and Drama
Saint-Saëns: Septet for piano, trumpet, string quartet, and bass
in E flat major, op. 65
Arthur Bliss: Oboe Quintet
Schubert: Piano Quintet in A major (Trout), op. 114, D 667
DATE: Jun 28
VENUE: Suntory Hall/Small Hall
Yasuo Maruyama, cello; Keita Kosaka, piano
Yasuo Maruyama, cello; Keita Kosaka, piano
Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 1 in F major, op. 5, No. 1
Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 3 in A major, op. 69
Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 4 in C major, op. 102, No. 1
Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 5 in D major, op. 102, No. 2
Beethoven: Cello Sonata No. 2 in G minor, op. 5, No. 2
DATE: Jun 28
VENUE: Hakuju Hall
ADDRESS: 1-37-5 Tomigaya Shibuya-ku Tokyo 151-0063 Japan
HAKUJU INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH SCIENCE CO LTD, Tokyo , 13
90
Wine tasting event ALSACE wines with assorted
menu in a restaurant of Tokyo
Wine tasting event ALSACE wines with assorted menu in a
restaurant of Tokyo
DATE: Jun 28
VENUE: Restaurant
ADDRESS: Kagurazaka, Tokyo , 13
Henrik Schaefer, conductor; Kyoko Takezawa,
violin; Risako Hayakawa, harp; Tokyo
Metropolitan Orchestra
Henrik Schaefer, conductor; Kyoko Takezawa, violin; Risako
Hayakawa, harp; Tokyo Metropolitan Orchestra
2.00pm, Sunday 29 June 2008
Carl Maria von Weber: Oberon Overture, J 306
Bruch: Scottish Fantasy, for violin and orchestra, op. 46
Schumann: Symphony No. 3 in E flat major (Rhenish), op. 97
DATE: Jun 29
VENUE: Suntory Hall
Daikanyama Nomad Live Show
Performers : Dewi Puspita ( piano ) Laurier Tiernan ( guitar )
Brad ( guitar )from Maryland, Tokyo debut Paul Liew ( cello )
entry : 1,600yen ( ADV ) drink 500yen organizer : Dewi Puspita
DATE: Jun 29
Olari Elts, conductor; Lucerne Symphony
Orchestra
Olari Elts, conductor; Lucerne Symphony Orchestra
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
91
7.00pm, Monday 30 June 2008
Carl Maria von Weber: Der Freischütz (overture)
Chopin: Piano Concerto No. 2 in F minor, op. 21
Brahms: Symphony No. 1 in C minor, op. 68
DATE: Jun 30
VENUE: Suntory Hall
The Tokyo Exhilarating Combat Exercise
Meeting
DATE: Jun 30
Tokyo Writers’ Salon JUNE
a casual gathering involving short exercises, sharing your work
and a chance to meet other writers. Any genre ok! RBR Creative
Center for the Arts, last Monday of every month, from 7:30pm.
NOTE THE NEW TIME and Address!!!!
DATE: Jun 30
Tuesday, July 01, 2008
BUSINESS SHOW TOKYO 2008
Office Equipment Exhibition
DATE: Jul 01—Jul, 31 2008
Sight)
Wednesday, July 02, 2008
PHARMA PACK JAPAN 2008
International Pharmaceutical Packaging Machinery & Materials
Expo
92
Sight)
INTERPHEX JAPAN ‘2008
International Pharmaceutical Exposition and Conference
Sight)
INTERNATIONAL BIO EXPO JAPAN 2008
International Exhibition & Conference for Biotechnology in the
Fields of Drug Discovery, Food and Environment
Sight)
Saturday, July 05, 2008
Children Of Bodom Japn Tour 2008
DATE: Jul 05
VENUE: Studio Coast
Sunday, July 06, 2008
Children Of Bodom Japn Tour 2008
DATE: Jul 06
VENUE: Studio Coast
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
Rage
DATE: Jul 06
VENUE: Shibuya O-East
Monday, July 07, 2008
Bigfish live vol.5
DATE: Jul 07
VENUE: shibuya 7th floor
ADDRESS: 2-3 maruyama Shibuya TOkyo, Tokyo , 13
93
94
Weather Forecast
■■ Sunrise:
4:26 AM
6:52 PM
■■ Expect: Turning cloudy and warmer
■■ High: 81
■■ Low: 63
■■ Wind: 7SSW
■■ UV: 9
■■ Sunset:
■■ Sunrise:
4:26 AM
6:53 PM
■■ Expect: Mostly cloudy with periods of rain in the afternoon
■■ High: 72
■■ Low: 53
■■ Wind: 6SSE
■■ UV: 5
■■ Rain Amount: 0.12
■■ Sunset:
■■ Sunrise:
4:26 AM
6:53 PM
■■ Expect: Mostly cloudy and breezy
with rain tapering to a couple of
showers
■■ High: 65
■■ Low: 49
■■ Wind: 15NE
■■ UV: 3
■■ Sunset:
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
95
■■ Sunrise:
4:25 AM
6:54 PM
■■ Expect: Pleasant with times of
clouds and sun
■■ High: 79
■■ Low: 57
■■ Wind: 5ESE
■■ UV: 8
■■ Sunset:
■■ Sunrise:
4:25 AM
6:55 PM
■■ Expect: Periods of rain
■■ High: 67
■■ Low: 57
■■ Wind: 8SE
■■ UV: 3
■■ Sunset:
■■ Sunrise:
4:25 AM
6:55 PM
■■ Expect: Warmer with intervals of
clouds and sun
■■ High: 80
■■ Low: 62
■■ Wind: 6NNW
■■ UV: 8
■■ Sunset:
96
■■ Sunrise:
4:25 AM
6:56 PM
■■ Expect: Times of sun and clouds
■■ High: 80
■■ Low: 66
■■ Wind: 7ENE
■■ UV: 6
■■ Sunset:
■■ Sunrise:
4:25 AM
6:56 PM
■■ Expect: Partial sunshine
■■ High: 85
■■ Low: 65
■■ Wind: 7SE
■■ UV: 8
■■ Sunset:
Created for Sacha
Tokyo, Japan
97
References
Offbeat Resources
1. Wikipedia, Tokyo; http://en.wikipedia.org
2. Wikitravel, Tokyo; http://wikitravel.org
3. Yahoo! Finance, Japanese Yen; http://finance.yahoo.com/
currency
4. AccuWeather, Forecast for Tokyo; http://www.accuweather.
com/world-index-forecast.asp
5. Google Maps, Maps of Tokyo; http://www.google.com/
maps?q=Tokyo%2c+Japan

Tokyo

Transcription

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