Forest Chemicals Review

Transcription

Formerly Naval Stores Review
September – October 2006
Volume 116, Number 5
F E AT U R E S
4
|
Seedlings – Notes from the Editor
by James M. Turner
5
|
Increasing Resin Production from Pinus
halepensis by Using New
Resin-Tapping Stimulants
by Christos Gallis, A. Papajannopoulos
and E. Papadopoulou
8
|
Highlights from PCA International
Conference in Brazil
10
|
Distillations – The Rising Tide of
Imports by Consuming Countries
By Don Stauffer, Associate Editor
12
|
Company Spotlight – PDM
D E PA R T M E N TS
13
|
Industry News
16
|
Management Topics
17
|
International Scene
18
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People in the Industry
Quotable
"There's no reason to be the richest man
in the cemetery. You can't do any business
from there."
–Colonel Harland Sanders [1890 – 1980],
founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken
restaurants
COVERING THE PINE
CHEMICALS I NDUSTRY SINCE 1890
PUBLISHER
Romney Kriedt-Richard
Charley Richard
E DITOR
James M. Turner
The famous management consultant and
industrial quality guru W. Edwards Deming once
said, "It is not necessary to change. Survival is
not mandatory." True enough, but it would
appear that the forest chemicals industry is
intent on surviving into the future, as change is
all around us.
This issue of Forest Chemicals Review discusses many of the changes occurring in our
industry. We highlight the presentations—which covered the changing
global landscape from REACH regulations to cell phone-equipped gum
dip traders to cholesterol-reducing pine extracts—from the Pine
Chemicals Association International Conference in Rio de Janeiro. Our
feature article presents some new methodology for the old pine tree tapping process. The migration of USA and EU imports from basic rosin
raw materials to derivatives is reviewed in "Distillations".
This issue's "Management Topics" addresses some recent developments regarding chemical site security. Legal interaction between US
and foreign companies, this time involving the iconic "Bazooka" bubble
gum brand in Argentina, can be found in "International Scene." Don't
miss "Industry News" for important recent events. And for those readers
who have joined the Sudoku craze to while away their lunch hours,
Forest Chemicals Review has furnished a puzzle for your enjoyment.
As always, thanks to our readers, subscribers, and advertisers. Let us
hear from you on what you would like to see in Forest Chemicals
Review.
ASSOCIATE E DITOR
Don F. Stauffer
E DITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Mack Harashima
Alan Hodges, Ph.D.
B.S. Kapoor
Don Neighbors
PANEL OF R EFEREES
Dr. John Heitmann
Dr. James Russell
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Mindy Walker
ACCOUNTS MANAGER
Carol Tovrea
FOREST CHEMICALS REVIEW
is editorially directed to producers
and processors of pine gum and
wood naval stores; producers and
processors of pulp chemicals such
as black liquor, soap skimmings,
tall oil and turpentine; and
producers and processors of pine
derivative chemicals for the
adhesives, coatings, printing ink,
paper chemicals, flavor and
fragrance, solvent and
household products industries.
FOREST CHEMICALS REVIEW
(ISSN 1520-0191) is published
bi-monthly and the INTERNATIONAL
YEARBOOK is published annually by
Kriedt Enterprises, Ltd.,
Editorial & Executive Office
at 129 South Cortez Street,
New Orleans, Louisiana 70119, U.S.A.
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4 www.forestchemicalsreview.com
September – October 2006 FOREST CHEMICALS REVIEW
Increasing Resin Production from Pinus halepensis by
Using New Resin-Tapping Stimulants
Christos Gallis*, A. Papajannopoulos, E. Papadopoulou
Forest Research Institute
57 006, Vasilika, Thessaloniki, Greece.
*Corresponding author: Forest Research Institute
57 006, Vasilika, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Tel.: +30 231 0 461 172, Fax: +30 231 0 461 341, email: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper describes a study of
the influence of three-resin tapping
stimulants (pastes) on total resin
production and bark removal area in
Pinus halepensis forests. Two
experimental pastes (paste A and B)
and a commonly used paste (K)
were applied in resin tapping Pinus
halepensis field trials in two areas,
Agia Anna and Kirinthos, of the
island Evoia in Greece. At the end
of the tapping period resin was collected and weighted. The average
area of bark removal was empirically estimated. The results show that
the application of the experimental
pastes A and B increased the average resin production in comparison
with that from paste K by 5.75% for
paste A and 7.83% for paste B and
decreased by 50% the total bark
removal in comparison with that of
common paste.
Key words: Resin tapping, new
stimulants, resin production, Pinus
halepensis.
Introduction
A historically broadly accepted
method for increasing resin production and productivity of labour during resin-tapping, is by inducing
trees to produce more resin through
the use of various chemical stimulants (pastes) that are placed on the
resin-tapping wounds (Prasad and
Joshi, 1974; Zinkel and Russel,
1989, Tsoumis, 1992, Song, 1999,
Plowden, 2002). At present, the
substance used by Greek resinworkers for this purpose is “sulphuric acid paste”
(Papajannopoulos and
Papadopoulou, 1995). This substance presents the following drawbacks: a) removal of the bark is
time-consuming work, since the
removal and necrosis of the bark is
extensive and reaches a great
height, which increases the total
amount of time spent by resinworkers on each tree during the
resin-tapping period, and b) when
the annual bark removal is extensive, the trees with the highest productivity quickly dry up and need to
be replaced by other trees, which at least during the first few years of
resin-tapping – produce both less
resin and require additional time
and effort for cutting paths and
trimming around the perimeter.
In the international bibliography,
there is also mention of other preparations considered capable of ensuring a greater annual resin production per tree (Coppen and Hone,
1995). Such substances, a mixture
of sulphuric acid and nitric acid,
were prepared and tested by the
Forest Research Institute (FRI) in a
previous study (Papagiannopoulos
and Papadopoulou, 1995) as regards
their degree of fluidity and crystallization, of which two were chosen
which presented the best characteristics (Papagiannopoulos, 2003).
The pastes are a mixture of sulphuric acid and nitric acid to which
water and kaolin powder have been
added, along with a substance under
the code name DDBS. These experimental pastes must be able to a)
ensure a greater production of resin
and consequently a higher income
and productivity for workers compared to the sulphuric acid paste
used by resin-workers today, and b)
increase the resin-tapping total period per tree by requiring less bark
removal and causing necrosis to a
smaller area after each bark
removal.
It was precisely such a study that
the FRI undertook to carry out within the framework of the EU programme Recite II-Transnational
Woodland Industries Group
(TWING) (Final TWING Scientific
Report, 2002). The tests for the two
experimental types of paste took
place in two areas, Kirinthos and
Agia Anna, in the northern part of
the Greek island of Evoia.
The main purpose of this paper is
to describe and compare the influence of the two new pastes and the
one common in use on total resin
production and average bark
removal area.
Material and Methods
The common commercial traditional paste (type K) and the two
new experimental pastes were tested under real resin-tapping conditions in two areas with Pinus
halepensis Mill. resin-producing
stands in Kirinthos and Agia Anna,
www.forestchemicalsreview.com 5
Type of Paste
Experimental area of
Experimental area of Agia
Kirinthos (number of trees)
Anna (number of trees)
Common paste K
80
80
Paste type A
80
80
Paste type B
80
80
Total number of trees
240
240
Table 1. Number of trees per experimental area and paste type.
Resin production in
Kirinthos experimental
area (in Kg)
Common paste K
547
Experimental paste type B
613,3
Experimental paste type A
603,5
Type of paste
Resin production in Agia
Anna experimental area
(in Kg)
304,2
306
324,7
Table 2. Resin production per experimental area and paste type.
Northern Evoia in 2002. The experimental area in Kirinthos consisted
of mature resin-producing trees,
while the experimental area in Agia
Anna of trees that were tapped for
the first time.
The content of these two new
types of paste is: sulphuric acid
30%, nitric acid 15%, kaolin powder 20%, water 35% and DDBS at a
proportion of 0.25% (experimental
paste type A) and 0.5% (experimental paste type B). The content of the
paste type K was 60% sulphuric
acid and 40% a mixture of kaolin
powder and water.
The three types of resin-tapping
paste were applied in two experimental areas in the locations of
Kirinthos and Agia Anna, Northern
Evoia, in the beginning of April
2002. In total, 480 trees were treated. In each area, the trees were
divided into three groups of 80 individuals that were treated with one
of the paste types (Table 1).
A horizontal strip of bark 2-2.5
cm high and 8 cm wide was
removed across the width of each
tree, at the chest high, to cause the
resin to flow and the chemical stimulant applied along the top edge of
the exposed tissue ('streak'). After
the resin-tapping incision was
made, a special plastic bag was
attached to each tree to collect the
resin, and the paste (stimulant) that
corresponded to each tree was
applied. The stimulant causes and
maintains resin flow for a period of
time and the tapper need not repeat
the task until some weeks later, at
which time the bark is removed
above and adjacent to the first
streak. The size of the, above the
first streak, bark removal is related
of the size of necrosis caused to the
tissue from the previous paste application When each bag was filled
with resin, replaced by a new bag.
Each retrieved bag was immediately
weighed on site.
At the end of the resin-tapping
period, in November 2002, the final
collection of each bag from each
tree was made, regardless of treatment, and these were weighed on
site. Then the total resin production
for each experimental field was calculated. Individual tree resin production was no weighted and registered separately while the purpose
of this research was to compare
total production between pastes and
not production between trees. Also,
a visual empirical observation was
made of the size of the bark
removal incision required for each
of the three pastes.
Results and Discussion
The total resin production for
both experimental areas and in relation to the applied pastes is presented in Table 2. The average resin
production for both areas for pastes
A and B was 5.75% and 7.83%
respectively higher that for paste K.
In the mature resin-producing
tree area of Kirinthos, experimental
paste A produced more resin than
the other two pastes and experimental paste B performed better than
common paste K. The performance
of paste type A was slightly higher
than that of paste B (1.61%, 9.8 kg)
and relatively higher than paste K
(10.82%, 68.3 kg). The performance
of paste B was also relatively higher
(9.36%, 56.5 kg) than paste K.
In the first-time tree-tapped area
of Agia Anna, the performance of
experimental paste A was relatively
lower (6.11%, 18.7 kg) than that of
experimental paste B and slightly
higher (0.59%, 1.8 kg) than paste K.
And the performance of experimental paste B was relatively higher
(6.31%, 20.5 kg) than paste K.
In both experimental locations,
the visual empirical observation of
the resin-tapping incision showed
that the incision for the two pastes
A and B is the same size, whereas
the size of the incision for common
paste K is definitely larger. The
incision average size for common
paste K was approximately 50%
larger (in total and per incision)
than the incision size of the two
experimental pastes. This difference
can be seen in figures 1 and 2.
The comparative application test
of three resin-tapping pastes in
areas of Northern Evoia showed
that the resin production rate from
the two new pastes was comparatively greater, while the size of the
bark scraping was considerably
smaller. In particular, paste B
performed better than common
paste K in both experimental
locations. In the experimental
area of Agia Anna, paste B performed better than paste A;
while, in the experimental area
of Kirinthos, paste A performed
better than paste B. In average
for both experimental areas
pastes A and B performed better
than paste K.
The bark scraping size was
the same for both experimental
pastes A and B, and was 50%
smaller than that of common
paste K.
Conclusion
It is clear that the two new
pastes contribute to an increase
in annual resin production per
tree. The increase in resin production per tree may be due to
the presence of nitric acid and
the substance coded DDBS in
the new pastes.
Furthermore, apart from the
direct increase in resin production that will positively impact
on the resin producers’ income,
another indirect increase of an
unknown measure is also
expected, due to the fact that the
trees with the highest productivity will be tapped for a longer
period, when their annual bark
scraping is less extensive.
Subsequently, this will also
delay the need to replace such
trees with others, which produce
less resin – during the first years
of resin-tapping – and require
considerable time and effort for
cutting paths and trimming
around the perimeter. Future
research may focus on the above
parameters.
References
Coppen, W., and Hone, G.A. 1995.
Non-wood Forest Products2: Gum
naval stores: turpentine and resin
from pine resin. Natural Resources
Institute, FAO, Rome.
Final TWING Scientific Report. 2002.
European Programme RECITE II“Transnational Woodland Industries
Group (TWING)”. Final Scientific
Report, Forest Research Institute,
July 2002, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Papajannopoulos, A. 1985. Studies on
resin tapping in Pinus halepensis
and brutia forests. Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Forestry and
Natural Environment, Aristotle
University.
Papajannopoulos, A. and
Papadopoulou, A. 1995. The present of resin tapping in Greece.
Geotechnical Scientific Annals,
Vol.2, pp.58-69.
Papajannopoulos, A. 2002. Bulletin of
resin tapping. Publication of the
EU programme Recite II-TWING,
52 pages.
Plowden, C. 2002. The harvest and
sale of Breu Resin from
Burseraceae Trees in the Eastern
Brazilian Amazon. Forestry
Chemicals Review, July-August
2002:10-15.
Figure 1. Annual resin tapping bark
removal area: A) with the use of experimental paste; B) with the use of common
paste.
Prasad, J., Joshi, H.B., 1974. Effect of
Chemical stimulation on Chir resin
yield. Indian Forester, 100(4):246249.
Solis, W. and Zamorano, Z.L. 1974.
Caracteristicals Y Utilization de la
pasta “IFIE” Como Estimulante de
Resinacion. INIA, Hoja Technica
No.2, Madrid.
Song, Z.Q. 1999. Production and
research of gum oleoresin in China.
Forest Chemicals Review, MayJune 1999:7-9.
Tsoumis, G. 1992. Harvesting forest
products. Stobart Davies Ltd.,
Hartford, England.
Figure 2. Resin tapping bark removal area
per incision: A) with the use of experimental paste; B) with the use of common
paste.
Zinkel, D. and Russel, J. 1989. Naval
Stores. Production-ChemistryUtilization. Pulp Chemical
Association, New York.
Highlights from PCA International Conference in Brazil
On September 24-26, the Pine
Chemicals Association held its 2006
International Conference at the beautiful Copacabana Palace Hotel in Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil. Formerly known
as the PCA Naval Stores Conference
and an autumn fixture for decades in
our industry, this was the first to be
held in South America. The warm
Brazilian hospitality was evident
from the opening reception on
Sunday evening, but the weather on
the days of the conference unfortunately was uncharacteristically cool
and damp. The conference concluded
on Tuesday evening with a Carnival
celebration dinner on Sugar Loaf.
Official proceedings for the 167
delegates began Monday morning
with an introduction by conference
chairman Bernardo Mello of Resitec
and a welcome by Gerry Marterer of
Arizona Chemical, PCA president. A
moment of silence was observed in
remembrance of Dave Germain, who
passed away in July.
The General Sessions on Monday
and Tuesday morning featured several presentations on topics of interest
to the pine chemicals industry. Gerry
Cross of Eastman moderated the first
day, and Brad Crocker of Hexion
served as session moderator on
Tuesday. Brief summaries of the presentations follow.
Summary of Presentations
An Outside Look at the Chinese
Gum Rosin Business, by Norbert
Jagers, Eastman Chemical Co.
After opening with a general
description of the sources, chemistry,
and utilization of pine rosin, Mr.
Jagers shared historical figures on
production and exports of gum rosin
from China. Production has grown
from less than 20,000 MT in 1936 to
an estimated 700,000 MT in 2005,
with nearly 60% of that volume
exported. An interesting graph showing monthly exports and value over
the last three years was presented.
Mr. Jagers closed with a discussion
of the Chinese gum rosin supply
chain from forest to ocean vessel. A
new link in that chain, the gum dip
trader armed with cellular phone and
speculative intent, was identified as a
now integral part but with questionable added value.
REACH Status by Philippe Salémis,
HARRPA
REACH is the acronym for the
European Union's initiative for the
Registration, Evaluation, and
Authorization of CHemicals. After
pointing out that it is "the most complicated piece of legislation ever produced in Europe", Mr. Salémis presented a overall summary of the program, including its objectives, timeline, registration process, consequences, and the substances affected.
In general, products, including substances, preparations, monomers, and
oligomers, must be registered in the
REACH system to be sold in Europe,
although food and wastes are fully
exempted. REACH also does not
apply to polymers. REACH goes into
effect in April 2007, after which there
is an 18-month pre-registration window. Following pre-registration, substances must be registered within 3 to
11 years depending upon volumes
and toxicity. Compliance with
REACH is a massive task for the
chemical industry.
Sustainable Gum Rosin Production,
by Transtoto Handadhari, Perum
Perhutani
Perum Perhutani is a state owned
forestry enterprise in the Republic of
Indonesia, and is principally charged
with managing 2.5 million hectares
of forest resources in Java and
Madura. In this presentation, Dr.
Handadhari summarized the activities
of Perum Perhutani, which include
research and development, productivity and quality improvement, forest
management, and production and
marketing of rosin and turpentine.
The uniqueness of Indonesian Gum
Rosin, which is derived from Pinus
merkusii, was highlighted. Perum
Perhutani has invested heavily in oleoresin processing facilities over the
last 20 years to modernize equipment
and improve commercial product
quality to international standards.
Sustaining the productivity of forest
lands in collaboration with development of adjacent communities is an
ongoing priority.
Plant Sterols by Joy Foster, Cargill
Health & Food Technologies
An international provider of food,
agricultural, and risk management
products and services, Cargill has
over 100,000 employees in 60 countries and generates over US $70 billion in annual revenues. Ms. Foster
discussed the effect of high blood
cholesterol on human health, highlighting by country both the incidence and degree of concern. This
led to a discussion of plant sterols,
which can be sourced from vegetable
oils and tall oil pitch, and their mechanism of action in the human body in
inhibiting the absorption of both
dietary and biliary cholesterol. The
net result is a lowering of LDL cholesterol, a major biomarker in cardiovascular disease. Plant sterols are
GRAS for use in low fat spreads,
dressings, cereals, bars, drinks, and
other specified products, and are recommended for use by various health
authorities. Because of the proven
health benefits, abundant supply,
broad applications, and large marketplace, Cargill forecast annual plant
sterol growth of between 9% and
12% in the US and EU markets
between now and 2012.
Guest Speaker – Monday
Luncheon
Dr. Joel Reno, Past President,
Petrobras
The PCA invited Dr. Reno to be
the keynote speaker at the conference
luncheon. Petrobras is the largest
energy company in Brazil and is
renowned for its leadership in development of advanced technology from
deepwater and ultra-deep water oil
production. Dr. Reno's remarks
addressed the role of energy in the
economic development of the world,
noting that poorer countries cannot
advance until they secure sufficient
energy resources. He noted that the
global oil trade is about US $1 trillion, which equates to about 31 billion barrels/year. Current daily
demand for oil is 84 to 85 million
barrels, versus production of 86 million barrels per day. Turning his
attention to Brazil, Dr. Reno presented the strides in energy management
that his country has taken. Over 90%
of Brazil's electricity is from hydroelectric source. In April, Brazil
became totally self-sufficient on oil,
producing all of the 1.9 million barrels per day consumed in the country.
This achievement was in large part a
result of the alcohol fuel initiative
begun some 30 years ago. Brazil
now produces 15 billion liters of fuel
alcohol from sugar cane.
Wood and Gum Rosin Esters
Compared by Fredo Arias-King,
T&R Chemicals, Inc.
Since 1963, a U.S. FDA regulation
(21CFR172.735) permitted only one
type of rosin ester for use to adjust
the density of citrus oils in beverages:
glycerol ester of wood rosin
(GEWR). Mr. Arias-King recounted
the technical analysis and petitioning
that eventually resulted in the 2005
change to this regulation to include
glycerol ester of gum rosin (GEGR).
An initial petition to have GEGR
declared GRAS for such use was not
approved by FDA, apparently influenced by intense lobbying by Senator
Biden from Delaware. Following
that, efforts were redirected to revise
the 21CFR regulation itself. Tools
used in this effort included history of
safe use, infrared spectroscopy, gasliquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and glass transition
temperature. Mr. Arias-King presented graphical comparisons of the
analyses of the two substances. The
FDA's Final Rule on the matter stated
in part, "While FDA agrees that there
are differences in raw material sourcing and processing for GEGR and
GEWR, FDA has concluded that the
compositions of theses two substances are so similar that any difference are not of toxicological concern
for the petitioned use."
Energy Markets and Trends by
Goran Forsberg, Tall Oil AB
Dr. Forsberg presented perspectives on the global energy picture—
types, consumption, supply sources,
growth, and future alternatives. Areas
that may concern countries include
physical supply of energy, prices on
energy and the associated effects on
economic growth, and the kind of
energy sources used. Examples from
Sweden's reduction in dependence on
oil products in the last 30 years were
cited. Carbon dioxide emissions and
their effect on climate were discussed. Bioenergy and other renewable sources are regarded as promising alternatives but are still in their
infancy from a world perspective.
Rising prices for conventional energy
solutions create opportunities for efficient use of energy, renewable
sources, and non-conventional fossil
fuels.
Pay Attention to Chinese Domestic
Market of Gum Rosin by Li Yi,
Secretary General of China Forest
Chemicals Trade Association
China has long been the world's
largest producer and exporter of gum
rosin, but China's rapid growth is
consuming more and more rosin
internally. Ms. Li Yi stated that the
domestic demand for rosin has doubled from 150,000 tons to 300,000
tons from 2001 to 2005, and is projected to top 400,000 tons by 2008.
She also noted the increase in domestic rosin derivatives, which in 2005
reached 150,000 tons. Consumption
and projected growth in inks, coatings, adhesives, synthetic rubber,
chewing gum, paper size, and wax
printing were presented. Conclusions
were that domestic consumption in
China is growing faster than production and that domestic prices would
tend to be higher than export prices.
ANIPIN – The Brazilian Association
of Gum Rosin Producers by
Alejandro Cunningham, Secretary of
ANIPIN
ANIPIN is a consortium of companies involved with the pine chemicals
industry in Brazil. Its activities are
organized around three pillars:
Institutional, by representing the
interests of all 17 member companies
both locally and internationally;
Economical, by providing economic
information about the sector; and
Technical, by developing and promoting the technical evolution of
products and services. ANIPIN
organizes an annual Brazilian Pine
Chemical Seminar, and works closely
with the PCA. Brazil's gum rosin
industry has grown considerably
since the 1970's, and the country
became a net exporter of rosin in
1989. Future concerns are to have a
sustainable pine forest resource to
safely produce crude gum and to
develop a healthy derivatives industry.
The Rising Tide of Imports by
Consuming Countries
We have recently become aware
of the rapidly growing exports of
rosin derivatives from China to the
major consuming countries, especially Europe and the USA. It is not
surprising since China now produces approximately 74% of the
world’s gum rosin and 52% of all
types of rosin.
In the past, major consuming
countries have imported gum rosins
from China and other producing
locations and converted this imported raw material to derivatives in
sophisticated indigenous equipment.
Actually, this procedure, often promoted by nationalism and sometimes by governmental subsidies,
involved needless economic use of
resources including the cost of
drumming and de-drumming rosin
and the utilization of illogical shipping containers.
Some time ago, the Japanese recognized a need for their finished
product derivatives in the developing economy of China. Led by
Arakawa, Harima and Toho
The 2006 Edition of the
Study of International Rosin Markets
is now available
Published biennially since 1976, this 150 page comprehensive Study examines the current global situation of rosin
and its derivatives, as well as tall oil, fatty acids, turpentine
and other terpenes. Detailed information on production,
distribution and utilization of all products is presented.
To receive a valuable aid for your business profitability,
order two copies, delivered first class - $3,200.
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATES
Post Box 702
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e-mail <[email protected]>
Chemical, they established producing units in China to serve this
developing market. However, they
quickly became aware of the superior economic results of utilizing
rosin at its source locations and
began to export these derivative
products to other Asian locations,
including Japan.
Western rosin derivative producers quickly recognized the logic of
locating in China and, led initially
by Lawter, began to establish producing units in that country. I have
no doubt each of them in turn told
their Board that they wanted to produce in China to serve the growing
domestic market, but I am equally
certain that their hidden desire was
to serve global markets more efficiently. The Chinese are intelligent
people and their basic rosin producers quickly adopted the strategy of
producing derivatives for both the
domestic and export markets.
As a result of these activities, in
the first six months of 2006 China
exported 37,346 tons of rosin
derivatives, up from 32,784 tons in
the same period of 2005; an annual
growth of 13.9%. Japan was the
largest consumer with 23.1% of the
total. Europe and the USA collectively consumed 30.2% of the total.
The annual growth rate in European
consumption was 11.5%, and USA
consumption rose by a spectacular
67.0%. A marketing manager with
a leading USA rosin dealer recently
told this writer, “Every known rosin
derivative is now available from
China with standard quality.”
Turning to USA import statistics,
we find that in the first half of this
year, 7,780 tons of various rosin
derivatives were imported from all
sources versus 6,970 tons in the
same period last year. This represents an annual increase of 13.6%.
Of the total in the current year,
1,105 tons were classified as salts;
2,876 tons were esters and 3,899
tons as resin acids and derivatives
thereof. It is interesting to note that
major use of this last catch-all category is being used by USA
importers, as well as those from
other destinations. It is also noteworthy that in the first half of the
current year 22,705 tons of hydrocarbon resins were imported by the
USA versus 21,564 tons in the previous year; an increase of 5.3%.
Finally, the European import situation is also of interest. This year in
January through June, European
countries imported 365 tons of salts
from sources outside of Europe;
down from 515 tons last year. Ester
imports by the Europeans were also
down from 6,498 tons in 2005 to
only 5,278 tons in 2006. However,
these declines were more than made
up in the resin acid and derivatives
thereof category, which rose from
5,764 tons last year to 8,162 tons in
the current year; an increase of
41.6%.
Overall, European importation of
rosin derivatives from sources outside of Europe were 13,805 tons in
the current year; up 8% from
12,777 tons in 2005. It is obvious
that European importers are increasingly categorizing imports in the
catch-all category; we think deliberately. By using this technique, it is
possible to disguise the identity of
the imports and their value.
Although there may be nothing illegal in this procedure, one might call
it devious.
Obviously, USA and European
importation of rosin derivatives is
on the rise and, in this writer’s
opinion, likely to increase at about
the same rate in the coming years.
It makes sense to import derivatives
from China and other producing
countries such as Brazil rather than
to import gum rosin itself for the
production of the same derivatives
in local facilities. The USA dominated the production and exportation of rosin derivatives during the
years when the USA was the dominate producer of rosin. This leadership is now in the process of changing to China and Brazil.
Advertise in
Forest Chemicals Review
129 S. Cortez St. • New Orleans, LA 70119 USA
Phone: 504-482-3914 • Fax: 504-482-4205
Email: [email protected]
PDM, or Pine Derivatives
Marketing, Inc., is a long-established importer and reseller of a
variety of pine rosin-based resins
for a wide variety of end uses.
Based in Wilmington, Delaware,
PDM's staff services customers
throughout North America, utilizing
affiliated warehouses in Piscataway,
NJ, Houston, TX, and Berkeley,
CA.
PDM was founded in 1974 by
Walter (Bud) Cleaver, Sr., a pioneer
in opening the channels for the
importation of Chinese gum rosin to
the U.S. He visited China dozens of
times for Hercules Incorporated.
Upon his retirement in 1974, he
continued his efforts by marketing
Chinese, Portuguese and Brazilian
gum rosin as President of Pine
Derivatives Marketing, Inc.
Today, Walt Cleaver, Jr.,
President, is continuing his father's
tradition by offering imported gum
rosin, modified resins, and other
pine chemicals throughout North
America. The company's mission is
to "provide our pine derivative cus-
tomers with the highest quality
resins at competitive prices with
just-in-time service." Adhesives,
sealants, inks, coatings, and construction materials are just a few of
the industries served.
In addition to general management, Mr. Cleaver handles procurement for the company. Joining him
on PDM's team are:
• Bob Wherry, Sales & Marketing
Manager, Resins—field sales
and technical support
• Don Thureau, Sales &
Marketing Manager—inside
sales, pricing, inventory
• Joann Murray, Administrative
Manager—imports, order
processing, accounting
• Mrs. Cleaver, Office
Coordinator
PDM markets a variety of gum
rosins, modified resins and other
gum rosin derivatives from companies such as Resinas Yser, EuroYser, Resitec, Oxiquímica,
Golddragon, and others from Brazil,
China, Portugal, and other countries. For many years, PDM traded
in citrus limonene, but they have
totally exited that market to concentrate on resins (gum turpentine and
dipentene are still offered, however). Annual turnover varies with
market conditions but usually
exceeds US $10 million.
PDM is a member of the Pine
Chemicals Association. PDM monitors the quality of their products and
services through a comprehensive
quality control system.
PDM, Inc. 3411 Silverside Road,
104 Webster Building
Wilmington, DE 19810 U.S.A.
www.pdmchemicals.com
March–April 2006 FOREST CHEMICALS REVIEW
Weyerhaeuser to Combine Fine
Paper, Papergrade Pulp, Related
Assets with Domtar. Weyerhaeuser
news release, August 23, 2006
Weyerhaeuser Company
announced that it has reached a
definitive agreement to combine its
Fine Paper business and related
assets with Domtar Inc. The transaction gives Weyerhaeuser shareholders 55% ownership in the new
company. Total transaction value is
$3.3 billion and is expected to close
in the first quarter of 2007.
“This transaction will create the
North American market leader in
fine paper," said Steven R. Rogel,
chairman, president and chief executive officer. “This important milestone transforms Weyerhaeuser into
a company with a more focused
business portfolio and allows our
team to concentrate its full attention
on the execution of strategies in our
core businesses,” Rogel said.
Weyerhaeuser manufacturing
assets included in the combination
include:
• Eight paper mills and associated
pulp mills (Dryden, Ontario;
Hawesville, Ky.; Johnsonburg,
Pa.; Kingsport, Tenn.;
Bennettsville, S.C.; Plymouth,
N.C.; Prince Albert,
Saskatchewan; Rothschild, Wis.).
• 14 converting centers
• The market pulp mill at
Kamloops, British Columbia.
• The coated groundwood mill in
Columbus, Miss.
• Two softwood lumber mills
Hexion Purchases Adhesives &
Resins Business Of Orica
Limited. Hexion news release,
August 24, 2006
Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc.
announced today that is has signed
a definitive agreement to purchase
the adhesives and resins business of
Orica Limited. Terms were not disclosed.
The Orica adhesives and resins
business manufactures formaldehyde and formaldehyde-based binding resins used primarily in the forest products industry. The business
includes three manufacturing facilities located in Deer Park (Victoria)
Australia, and Mountview and
Hornby, New Zealand. The business
had 2005 sales of $104 million and
employs 100 people.
BASF to Expand U.S. Pressure
Sensitive Adhesives Capability.
BASF news release, August 29,
2006
BASF announced today that it is
investing $4.9 million in its acrylic
emulsion manufacturing facility in
Monaca, Pennsylvania, to increase
its capability to produce coaterready adhesives. The company also
revealed that it would launch, at
Labelexpo 2006, three new pressure
sensitive adhesive (PSA) polymers
to provide greater choice to label,
graphics and tape manufacturers.
Flint Group News Ink Division
Announces National Price
Increases. Flint Group news
release, September 15, 2006
Flint Group News Ink Division
announced national price increases
for coldset and news offset ink
products, effective October 1, 2006.
The price increases include black
and color inks and vary depending
on product type.
"Since October 2005, our news
ink operations have received over
80 raw material price increases
from our supply base of approximately 30 key suppliers. Global
demand for chemical raw materials
in developing regions of the world
has significantly tightened supply of
basic chemicals used by the newspaper printing ink industry, including Flint Group. We are now competing for supply from historic raw
material sources that in many cases,
now have greater value in other
developing global markets and
industries. Our ink price increases
are necessary to offset the continuing escalation of raw materials,
energy, and freight costs," says
Mike Green, vice president – general manager of Flint Group North
America News Ink Division.
US Ink Announces Price
Increases for Coldset and News
Ink Products. Sun Chemical news
US Ink, the largest news ink manufacturer in the United States and a
division of Sun Chemical, today
announced price increases for coldset and news ink products, effective
November 1, 2006. The price
increases will vary depending on
product type.
"Despite our best efforts to offset
rising costs, the increased global
demands for raw material feed
stocks have created price escalation
across a broad range of raw materials used in our inks," said Greg
Lawson, president of US Ink. "Raw
material price increases and
increased distribution costs make
this price increase unavoidable."
National Starch Expands Plant
to Meet Demand for Adhesives,
Polymers, Electronic Materials.
National Starch news release,
September 19, 2006
National Starch and Chemical
Company marked the official opening of its expanded adhesives, synthetic polymers and electronic
materials manufacturing facilities at
its Salisbury, NC, plant. National's
multimillion-dollar investment in
the new facility will accelerate the
company's efforts to supply highquality, innovative adhesives to the
pressure sensitive and transdermal
markets, specialty polymers to the
hair care and skin care markets, and
custom resins and fillers used in the
manufacture of adhesives, coatings
and encapsulants for electronic
assembly, according to company
officials.
The new facilities add over
10,000 square feet of production
area to the existing Salisbury manufacturing site. More than 30 new
employees have been hired to support the company's expanded manufacturing capabilities.
GE Sells Advanced Materials
Business to Apollo Management,
L.P. GE press release, September
15, 2006
GE announced that it has signed a
definitive agreement to sell GE
Advanced Materials (Silicones &
Quartz) to Apollo Management,
L.P., a private investment firm in a
deal valued at approximately $3.8
billion in cash and securities. Upon
completion of the transaction, GE
will receive a 10% ownership stake
in the new company and hold $400
million of notes.
GE Advanced Materials is a $2.5
billion supplier of silicone-based
products, silanes, sealants, urethane
additives and adhesives; and high-
purity fused quartz and ceramics
materials. It is headquartered in
Wilton, Conn. and employs 5,000
people in 38 locations worldwide.
Adhesive and Sealant Demand
Expected to Grow 2.9% Through
2007. Adhesive and Sealant
Council, Sep 22, 2006
The Adhesive and Sealant
Council's (ASC) 2005-2007 North
American Market Study for
Adhesives and Sealants with a
Global Overview estimates the
North American demand for adhesives and sealants to rise 2.9%
through 2007. The size of the 2005
total world market for adhesives
and sealants was estimated at 22.4
billion pounds valued at $US 33.4
billion.
The study provides adhesives and
sealants market data for North
America, Western Europe, the Far
East, Latin America and the Rest of
World. It provides market share and
forecasted growth rate information
on adhesives and sealants, broken
down by both technology and enduse application.
Hercules Raises Pentaerythritol
Prices. Hercules press release,
September 11, 2006
Hercules Incorporated announced
that its Paper Technologies and
Ventures Group will initiate a price
increase for all grades of Mono,
Technical and Di Pentaerythritol of
12 cents per pound. This increase
is effective October 1, 2006 or as
soon as commitments allow.
Continuing escalation of raw material, energy and transportation costs
are driving this price increase.
Hexion Declares, Lifts Force
Majeure. Hexion news releases
Hexion Specialty Chemicals
declared on August 24 force
majeure for formaldehyde and
formaldehyde-derived products. The
announcement followed Hexion
being placed on allocation for
methanol, a key raw material in the
production of formaldehyde and
formaldehyde-based products, as
two major methanol producers had
previously declared force majeure.
The force majeure status was lifted
on October 2 and normal operations
resumed.
Chemical Market Reporter
Renamed.
Effective with the September 4th
issue, Chemical Market Reporter
magazine has been relaunched as
ICIS Chemical Business Americas.
Begun in 1871 as the Oil, Paint, and
Drug Reporter and renamed in 1972
to the Chemical Marketing
Reporter, the publication has been a
weekly stalwart for readers in the
chemical industry. Dropping the
"ing", it became Chemical Market
Reporter in 1997. In 2000 the publication was purchased by Reed
Business Information, parent of
ICIS, the "world's largest information provider for the chemical and
oil industry", who implemented a
major format change in 2005 from
tabloid newspaper to magazine.
Hexion To Standardize Pricing
Practices For North American
Inks Market. Hexion news
As part of an effort to simplify
business practices and enhance
service, Hexion Specialty
Chemicals is standardizing pricing
practices across all product lines for
the North American inks market.
Hexion is instituting marketbased pricing and eliminating both
list and off-list pricing policies that
have developed over the years. The
new standardized pricing structure
will apply to all Hexion products
for the North American inks market,
including those from the recently
acquired ink resins business of
Akzo Nobel. Most product pricing
will be based on a "per pallet"
basis. Hexion also will decouple
freight cost from product pricing.
Rohm and Haas Announces Price
Increases for Adhesives. Rohm and
Haas news releases, September 29,
2006
Rohm and Haas Adhesives and
Sealants business will implement
the following regional price increases in October or as contracts allow:
• 5 to 10% price increase for
acrylic, vinyl acrylic and styrene
acrylic emulsion and solution
polymer products sold to the
pressure sensitive, construction
adhesive,caulk and sealant
industries in Europe,Central/
South America and North
America.
• 8-10% price increase for
polyester,polyurethane and acrylic
polymer products sold to the
packaging and converting
industries in Asia
• 10 -15% price increase for acrylic,
vinyl acrylic and styrene acrylic
emulsion and solution polymer
products sold to the pressure
sensitive, construction adhesive,
caulk and sealant industries in
Asia and Pacific Region.
Increases are necessitated by continued escalation in costs due to significant supply/demand imbalances
for key raw materials.
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Forest
Chemicals
Review
129 S. Cortez St.
New Orleans, LA 70119 USA
Phone: 504-482-3914
Fax: 504-482-4205
[email protected]
T&R CHEMICALS INC.
SUPPLIERS OF PINE-OIL AND
HYDROGENATED ROSIN RESINS
FOR CHEWING GUM BASE
AND ADHESIVES
700 CELUM ROAD
P.O. BOX 330
CLINT, TEXAS 79836
TELEPHONE: 1-800-351-6025
FAX: (915) 851-2961
Chemical Site Security
The tragic occurrences and continued threat of terrorist attacks in today's
world have underscored the reality that
materials of heretofore peaceful industry can and will be used as weapons.
Shortly after the September 11, 2001
attacks, experts and officials identified
chemical plants as prime targets for
terrorist plots. Since then, various
pieces of U.S. federal legislation
regarding chemical site security have
been proposed and debated in
Congress. But private enterprise has
acted as well. Three industry associations--the American Chemistry Council
(ACC), the National Association of
Chemical Distributors, and the
Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturers Association--require
members to conduct vulnerability
assessments, develop plans to reduce
those risks, and have a third party verify the implementation of security
enhancements. Other industry groups,
in the meantime, have established best
practice guidelines, and independent
companies have taken steps to secure
the perimeter of their facilities.
While the chemical industry has
generally advocated federal regulations
that address plant security, it is a complex issue with many divergent viewpoints. Resources of large versus
small companies, States' rights, and
proprietary versus public domain information are but a few of the areas of
debate.
Some movement occurred in
Congress on September 30th with the
passage of an appropriations bill.
According to a statement from ACC:
The House and Senate just approved
the Department of Homeland Security
appropriations bill, HR. 5441, which
contains language authorizing the
Department to regulate security at
chemical facilities. The members of
the American Chemistry Council
(ACC) have been in the vanguard of
this issue by voluntarily securing their
facilities under ACC’s Responsible
Care Security Code® even as they
urged Congress to pass meaningful
chemical security legislation. ACC is
the leading trade association of the
chemistry industry, representing 133
chemical manufacturers who encompass approximately 85% of chemical
production capacity in the United
States.
American Chemistry Council (ACC)
President and CEO Jack N. Gerard
issued the following statement:
“ACC would like to thank Congress
for their work in accomplishing our
shared objective of passing meaningful
chemical security legislation this year.
This measure represents significant
progress in the effort to secure
America’s chemical industry, an essential part of the nation’s critical infrastructure.
“While this bill is not a home run,
Congress came through in the last
inning to deliver essential chemical
security legislation.
“For the past several years, ACC has
sought performance based chemical
security legislation through the relevant authorizing committees. While
we would have preferred a more comprehensive bill and still have concerns
regarding certain provisions, the
approved legislation gives the
Department of Homeland
Security(DHS) the power to establish
effective national chemical security
performance standards for the entire
industry.
“Congress has given DHS riskbased tools to ensure that chemical
facilities assess potential security vulnerabilities and implement appropriate
security measures. Equally important,
the legislation gives DHS clear authority to inspect facilities and apply
strong penalties to those that fail to
comply.
“ACC will work closely with DHS
as it develops regulations that build on
the leadership demonstrated by our
member companies, who have invested
nearly $3 billion on security enhancements under ACC’s mandatory
Responsible Care Security Code®.”
Ruling Favors Argentine
Chewing Gum Producer
An August 31st ruling in a United
States District Court allows a subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes PLC in
Argentina to continue producing
Bazooka gum, a brand owned by a US
company, Topps. The contract between
the two companies covering the use of
Topps' trademarks and formulas
expired ten years ago.
In the court ruling's documents, US
District Judge Charles S. Haight, Jr.
writes in the introduction: "This case is
a tale of two companies, once friends
and collaborators, now enemies and
scorched-earth litigators; and of chew-
ing gum."
The Argentine company, Productos
Stani Sociedad Anonima Industrial Y
Commercial, had agreements dating
back to 1957 with Topps to produce
and market its gum. A 1980 Amended
License Agreement licensed to
Productos Stani the rights to the legal
title of the trademarks "Bazooka,"
"Topps" and related brands in
Argentina, as well as formulation technology.
According to the ruling, the relationship between Topps and Productos
Stani, each family-owned enterprises,
began to deteriorate when Topps
became publicly-owned in 1987.
Cadbury acquired Productos Stani in
1993.
The 1980 License Agreement
expired on April 30, 1996. While
Cadbury Stani had clear rights to continue to use the trademarks, Topps contended that any use by Stani of "Topps
Technology" after that date breached
the Agreement, and sought to discontinue Stani's manufacturing of Bazooka
gum. Stani denies that it has made any
use of "Topps Technology" (including
chewing gum formulas) subsequent to
the 1996 expiration.
Citing the principles of US trademark and contract laws, Judge Haight
stated: "Topps's construction, that Stani
received only the trademark for
Bazooka gum and could not use the
technology to make it, runs counter to
the law of trademark. A trademark is
merely a symbol of goodwill and cannot be sold or assigned apart from the
goodwill it symbolizes."
"Had the Amended License
Agreement been intended to license so
all-inclusive a concept of technology
only until the expiration of the agreement on April 30, 1996, it would seem
to be designed to put Stani out of business on that expiration date. At the
very least, Stani would need to start
over entirely in the gum business, with
new plants, new methods, new processes, and all the technical components
involved in the making of chewing
gum."
“But this could not have been what
the parties intended when entering into
the 1980 Amended License
Agreement…The parties knew…that
Stani would hold right and title in the
Topps trademarks when that agreement
expired in 1996. Both parties must
have anticipated that Stani, in continuing the manufacture and sale of, for
example, Bazooka gum, would continue to utilize at least some of the 'specialized knowledge and experience' it
had acquired from Topps over the
course of a 39-year relationship (1957
to 1996)."
"The intent of the parties (was)…that
if Stani did not default…, Stani then
owned and could manufacture and sell
gum under the Topps trademarks and,
in doing so, was not required to cease
using, or by some feat of brainwashing
to unlearn, the Topps Technology with
which Stani had become familiar dur-
ing the preceding 39 years."
This ruling did not, however, end the
acrimonious litigation between the two
formerly friendly companies. An additional claim by Topps for wrongful
misappropriation by means of reverse
engineering will go to trial.
The pine chemicals industry supplies
rosin esters, hydrogenated rosin esters,
polymerized rosin esters, and polyterpene resins as important components of
chewing gum base.
[The Topps Company Inc. v.
Cadbury Stani S.A.I.C., 99 Civ. 9437
Decided: August 31, 2006 U.S. District
Court Southern District Of New York]
Jan Schüller
has been appointed REACH
Initiative Director, Eastman
Chemical Company, effective
October 1. Schüller is currently
Sales Director, Adhesives EMEA.
Joseph Donahue
Donald Knauss
has been named chairman and CEO
of Clorox, effective in early
October. He is currently president
and COO for Coca-Cola North
America. He succeeds Robert W.
Matschullat, 58, who has served as
Clorox's interim chairman and
interim CEO since March 2006,
when Gerald E. Johnston stepped
down from those positions due to
illness.
John McGlade
has been named president and CEO
by the board of directors of Air
Products, effective October 1.
McGlade is currently group vice
president, chemicals, for the company, and is credited with leading
the restructuring efforts in the
chemicals group. McGlade joined
Air Products in 1976.
Joost Berting
has been named General Manager
Performance Chemicals &
Intermediates (PCI) for Europe,
Middle East & Africa (EMEA),
Eastman Chemical Company,
effective October 1. Berting is currently General Manager Coatings
EMEA.
Erwin Dijkman
has been named General Manager
Adhesives EMEA, Eastman
Chemical Company, effective
October 1. Dijkman is currently
Business Director PCI EMEA.
has joined Valspar as group vice
president of global wood coatings,
and will be responsible for North
America, Asia and Europe.
Morgan Seuberling
has been appointed manager, performance improvement, for the
Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturers Association.
Ingrid Brase
has been appointed global marketing manager for the pressure-sensitive adhesives business of National
Adhesives, a business unit of
National Starch & Chemical Co.
Karen Chen
Rene Smit
has been appointed General
Manager Coatings EMEA,
Eastman Chemical Company,
effective October 1. Smit is currently General Manager Adhesives
EMEA.
has been appointed to the position
of marketing manager for skin care
and make-up for Croda.
Jena Kinney
has been hired by Croda as the
company's new marketing manager
for home care and functional specialties.
Dietrich Crail
has been appointed business director of the pressure-sensitive adhesives business of National
Adhesives, a business unit of
National Starch & Chemical Co..
Martha Llaneras
has been promoted by International
Specialty Products to senior manager, technical services, food additives North America.
Christy Gouker
Ryan Dirkx
has been appointed vice president
of research and development for
Arkema.
has been appointed as an inside
sales representative at Vigon
International.
Randy Vasseur
Molly Hemmeter
has been named vice president of
marketing for Ashland Performance
Materials.
has had his duties as sales director
for Reichhold expanded to include
the entire NAFTA region.
Tom Gibson
has been appointed to the position
of senior vice president of advocacy for the AmericanChemistry
Council. Most recently, Gibson
served as senior vice president for
government affairs at Portland
Cement Association, and before
that he was chief of staff for the
Environmental Protection Agency.
Suzanne Hartigan
is joining the Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturers
Association's (SOCMA) Visions
department as manager of business
development.
Sudoku
17
A r a kawa Chemical (US A )
10
International Development
CII
Kapsco Private Ltd.
11
MeadWestvaco
14
12
PDM Inc.
A.V. Pound & Co., Ltd.
15
T&R Chemicals Inc.
16
Vistaurum
Subscribe Now!
Puzzle #7252
Fill in the grid so that every row,
every column, and every 3x3 box
contains the digits 1 through 9.
www.sudoku-puzzles.net
Forest
Chemicals
Review
129 S. Cortez St.
New Orleans, LA 70119 USA
Phone: 504-482-3914
Fax: 504-482-4205
[email protected]

Forest Chemicals Review

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