RE-05
Transcription
RE-05
Oct.26-28, 2011, Thailand www.cigre-aorc.com RE-05 CIGRE-AORC 2011 Introduction of Technologically Advanced Modular Hydropower System for Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant ENGR. RUDY P. BRIOSO National Power Corporation-Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant Philippines SUMMARY The Philippine Archipelago is consists of three (3) main island grids, namely; Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Department of Energy (DOE) have formulated methods to avert any problem in the power supply specifically in Luzon and Mindanao and these are: locating and making use of every capacity and energy available to the system; and revisiting the power development plan modeling and process. Although it was projected that for 2011, Mindanao Grid which basically comprise 50% hydro in the generation mix, would have a better condition that in 2010 since the current water level in the region is favorable for hydro plants but it still has thin reserve and short of 300MW. The power situation in Mindanao Grid can be address through capacity addition and the DOE is encouraging the participation of local and foreign investors, particularly those in the Renewable Energy (RE) business to consider the market potential and opportunities in the Philippines. For the Philippines’ National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR), a study was recommended sometime on 2005 through the auspices of the so called capacity recovery and improvement program in order to maximize the operational capability of its existing hydropower plants. For Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant, there were studies undertaken to further provide additional capacity, namely: 1. Uprating of the existing plant capacity by as much as 10%; and 2. Utilization of the existing potentials through the introduction of technologicallyadvance modular bulb turbine. Installation of the technologically advanced modular hydropower system provides an option for development of hydropower at low-head site condition with existing dam or gate structures. The low head modular hydropower system design utilizes a factory assembled grid or “matrix” of small propeller turbine-generators units. The system requires no major excavations, foundations, channel modifications, or civil works and therefore enables small hydroelectric power plants to be developed at investment levels below those normally required in some conventional hydropower plants. Since the turbine-generator units are shipped to site in pre-assembled condition, construction and start-up schedules can be reduced significantly. By using existing civil structures, this low head modular hydropower [email protected] 1 system installation requires little or no additional land area and has the potential to minimize environmental impact, particularly during construction phase. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATION Recent study by the Philippines’ Department of Energy (DOE) revealed that the island of Mindanao has a thin power reserved for 2010 and will experience shortfall of capacity if there will be no new power plants will be installed. Although there are two (2) hydro projects committed for Mindanao for 2010, there is a need for the government to step up its effort and encourage private investor in putting up the needed capacity. If the Philippine Government through the Public Private Partnership (PPP) will push for the installation of state-of-the-art technologically advanced modular hydro power system which is expected to provide an incremental capacity of 16MW which could translate to all additional annual energy generation of about 71.48 GWH of cheaper source of power to the Mindanao Grid. CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROPOSED MODULAR TYPE HYDROPOWER TO MINDANAO GRID The modular type hydropower will provide an incremental capacity of 16 MW which could translate to an additional annual energy generation of about 71.48 GWh of cheaper source of power to the Mindanao Grid. DOE’s Philippine Energy Plan (2007-2014) TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION The power generation of the existing Pulangi IV Hydropower Plant is conveyed through a 9km open channel which carries discharge capacity of 276 cms. Reservoir levels vary within the range from 283.0 m and 285.0 m, while water level in the canal varies between 276.0 m and 277.0 m. This gives rise to gross heads in the range of 6.0 m to 9.0 m. Using the flow into the canal a new hydro generating capacity of up to about 16 MW could be considered. One of the new technologies being developed is an integrated turbine generator to produce electricity economically in a free flow environment that operates at lower speeds and does not require high head or pressure. These turbines can use the flow of water coming from the existing facilities of Pulangi IV HEP, thus generating additional electricity. The low head turbine technology makes it possible to utilize existing dam structures without making major changes to the surrounding structures. See Figure 5.1: Figure 5.1: Modular Hydropower Plant Application Range and Figure 5.2: Cross Section of a Modular Hydropower Plant (Sample). [email protected] 2 Figure 5.1 Modular Hydropower Plant Application Range Figure 5.2 Cross Section of a Modular Hydropower Plant (Sample) The installation of modular low-head turbine will inquire no major excavations, foundations, channel modifications, or civil works. This technology may therefore enable small hydroelectric power plants to be developed at investment levels below those normally required in conventional hydropower plant. Also, construction and start-up schedules can be reduced significantly. In addition, this type of hydropower development requires little or no additional land area and has the potential to minimize environmental impact, particularly during the construction phase. 1. PROJECT LAYOUT AND DESIGN 1.1 General The existing Pulangi IV power station has a long-term average plant factor of about 55%, but the proposed low-head modular power facility, which will essentially utilize the same flows as the main plant, is expected to have lower plant factor due to the variation in head under which it will operate. Assuming an average head of 8.0 m and an installed capacity of 16 MW, the plant factor would be around 51% and the annual energy production should be around 71.48% GWh per year. [email protected] 3 1.2 Access Road The proposed modular project shall similarly use the existing road access to the dam site and water diversion facilities. 1.3 River Diversion Construction No major river diversion works will be required for this construction. A simple half-circular steel caisson, both at upstream and downstream side of the intake site, will be needed to keep water from the specific construction area. 1.4 Generating Units Given the range of heads and flows under which the scheme will operate, the most suitable and least-costly four (4) units turbine-generator per module (per intake) is considered. For the purpose of this assessment, a total of four (4) modules turbine-generator sets will be installed in four (4) intakes utilizing some 8.6 m net head. 1.5 Transmission Line and Interconnection Generation output will be conveyed via a new 9.5 km long x 69 KV transmission line to the existing sub-station adjacent to Pulangi IV powerhouse. The transmission line will follow the existing headrace canal over most of its length. The sub0station will be extended to accommodate the new incoming transmission line. 2. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACTS The Pulangi IV Headrace Canal Intake hydropower facility is an efficiency enhancement rather than a typical greenfield construction project. The works could therefore be contained within the existing premises of the Pulangi IV property boundaries and the development can occur within the context of the environmental management plan of Pulangi IV HEP. Social impacts will also be minimal with a relatively small amount of workforce required for a limited duration. Since the total power production capacity is greater than 5 MW but less than 30 MW, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Report is required to support the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) application and the processing will be performed by the concerned Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)/Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) regional office. PROJECT COST The estimated total project cost is equivalent to P 1,404.99 million (exclusive of price contingency & interest during construction) or equivalent of US$ 28.67 million in foreign currencies. The cost includes the supply and installation of major electro-mechanical equipments and auxiliary equipment; civil works; transportation; insurance; engineering and supervision; and physical contingencies. [email protected] 4 All costs are expressed in August 2009 level at an exchange rate of P 49.0/US$. The project cost is further broken down as follows: Table 7.1 Cost Estimate Forex US$ A. Preliminary and General Items (Includes Mobilization and Pre-Con Cost) B. Civil Works (Includes Intake, Control Station, Tailrace and Tailrace Bridge) C. Electro-Mechanical (E/M) Equipment (Includes Power Station Equipment, Intake, Draft Tube and Transmission Facilities) 0.90 In Millions Local PM 0.00 . Local THB M 0.00 1.98 291.68 16.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.00 0.00 24.63 326.68 229.96 28.67 D. Engineering and Administration 0.91 E. Physical Contingencies 1.41 (Civil Works 12% and E/M equipment 7%) TOTAL 22.00 TOTAL IN US$ 205.28 Forex Rate 1 US$ = 49 KEYWORDS Modular Bulb Turbine for Renewable Energy. State of the Art Technology Utilizing Hydromatrix Short Bio-data of Main Author Rudy P. Brioso received his master in Management from Asian Institute of Management in 1990. He also attended the Energy Management Program from Australia International Development Bureau in Australia, 1994. He is a Professional Electrical Engineer by profession and a Career Executive Service Officer. He joined the National Power Corporation in 1977 and was holding several key positions in its power transmission and the power generation functions of the Corporation. From 1991 to present he was tasked to managed Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Plant where he gained various expertise in the field of operations and maintenance of large hydro power complex. [email protected] 5 INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICALLYADVANCED MODULAR HYDRO POWER SYSTEM FOR PULANGI IV HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT AORC Technical Meeting 2011–Chiang Mai, Thailand RUDY P. BRIOSO PLANT MANAGER, PULANGI IV HE PLANT INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED MODULAR HYDRO POWER SYSTEM FOR PULANGI IV HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, PHILIPPINES •Philippine Power Profile •Pulangi IV HE Plant Profile •The Concept of Modular Hydropower System •Advantages of Modular Bulb Turbine •Application Criteria •Design Criteria •Peak Efficiencies of Modular Bulb Turbine •Operational Features •Impacts of Modular Hydropower System •Project Layout and Design •Environmental and Social Impact •Project Cost PHILIPPINE POWER PROFILE • Hydroelectric plants make up about 20% of the total installed generating capacity in the Philippines. Oil-Based Hydro Geothermal Coal Renewable Natural Gas * Dept of Energy Philippine Power Statistics 2005 • In 2005, Hydroelectric plants contributed about 15% of the total power generation in the Philippines. Oil-Based Hydro Geothermal Coal Nonconventional Natural Gas * Dept of Energy Philippine Power Statistics 2005 Agus & Pulangi Capacity Enhancements * The Philippine Energy Sector: “Three Years of Reforms”, Oct 2004 “Pulangi IV HEP is expected to deliver through plant enhancement programs.” LARGE HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Bakun A/C Hydro 70 MW Binga Hydro 100 MW San Roque Hydro 345 MW Magat Hydro 360 MW Casecnan Hydro 140 MW Angat Hydro 245 MW Pantabangan Hydro 100 MW Agus 1 (Units 1&2) Hydro 80 MW Agus 2 Hydro 180 MW Agus 5 Hydro 55 MW Agus 7 Hydro 54 MW Kalayaan Hydro 300 MW Kalayaan 3&4 Hydro 350 MW Agus 4 Hydro 158 MW Pulangi 4 Hydro 255 MW Agus 6 Hydro 200 MW PULANGI IV HE PLANT PROFILE • A 255-MW Hydroelectric Plant and the 4th largest Hydroelectric Plant in the Philippines • The largest single-operated HE plant in Mindanao in terms of Dependable Rated Capacity. • The first Hydroelectric Plant in the country to be IMS Certified, certifiable on ISO 9001 (Quality), ISO 14001 (Environment) and OHSAS 18001(Safety and Health). • Pulangi 4 contributes roughly 20% of Hydro Generation Mix for Mindanao Grid. • In 2005-2010 data, it generated a total of 5,106.189 GWH to the System. • Average Production Cost for 2005-2010 was PhP 0.358/kwh. • On 2005, a study was made for the capacity recovery and improvement program: •Uprating proposals to attain 10% increase in the existing capacity; •Introduction of technologically advanced modular bulb turbine. Concepts of Modular Bulb Turbine Advantages • Clean and environmentally friendly energy (KYOTO-protocol) • Use of existing weir structures no major civil construction no geological risk no additional land usage • • • • • Standardize modular concept Compressed project schedule Modules removable at flood conditions Keep existing river flow pattern High availability Concept of Modular Bulb Turbine Application criteria • • • • • • Available plant discharge from – 100 m3/s (3,500 cfs) Available head from 3 m up to 30 m (10 – 100 feet) Minimum submergence 1.5 m (5 feet) below tailwater Unit output from 200 kW up to – 800kW Close grid connection Structure available & suitable for HYDROMATRIX® Application range Cross Section of a Modular Hydropower Plant Concept of Modular Bulb Turbine Design Criteria • • • • • • • • Unregulated propeller turbine Direct driven induction generator Traditional hydraulic steel structure Mechanical face seal Roller type bearings Modular switchgear Flexible concept Minimum maintenance Kaplan-type turbine with horizontal shaft, fixed guide vanes, fixed runner blades and a submerged generator Test Installation of TG - unit Installation of TG units at Verona, Italy Modular bulb turbines installed in matrix – top view Installation of TG units at Verona, Italy Trash rack Inlet structure showing the modular bulb turbine installed in matrix Diversion canal Installation of TG units at Verona, Italy Peak Efficiencies of Modular Bulb Turbines Type Turbine Generator Total Conventional Bulb 95% 98% 93% Bulb Turbines 90% 95% 85.5% Difference: 7.5% Potential Applications Concept of Modular Bulb Turbine Influences on Dam Structure Horizontal dam loads • Statical loads less than without HYDROMATRIX® • Dynamical load identical Vertical dam loads • Additional weight through modules • Additional weight through new crane and trash rack cleaning machine Civil works • Anchors for guiding rails, supports and platforms • Protection pipes, cable trays Concept of Modular Bulb Turbine Operational Features Maintenance intervals • According to maintenance schedule Accessibility • Easy access to all components without disturbance of overall plant operation Expected life time • Identical to conventional hydropower concepts Layout and Design of Modular Bulb Turbine Based on a study, assuming with average head of 8.0m and an installed capacity of 16MW: •Plant factor would be around 51%; •Annual energy production should be around 71.48% GWH per year; Environmental Impact •Proposed introduction of modular bulb turbine for Pulangi IV HE Plant is an efficiency enhancement; •Proposed bulb turbine installed in matrix is not a typical greenfield construction project; •Installation works is contained within the existing headworks weir structure; •Development is within the context of environmental management plan of Pulangi IV HE Plant; •Social impacts will also be minimal with a relatively small amount of workforce; Project Cost • The cost includes the supply and installation of major electro-mechanical equipments and auxiliary equipment; civil works; transportation; insurance; engineering and supervision; and physical contingencies. • All costs are expressed in August 2009 level at an exchange rate of Php 49.0/US$. • The project cost is further broken down as follows: Conclusion and Recommendation •Based on a study conducted by NPC, the proposed installation of modular bulb turbine is technically, economically and financially viable hence, the implementation is worth undertaking. •Financial sensitivity analysis was also conducted which also shows that proposed installation of bulb turbine will be viable even if subjected to 20% increase in cost or loss in energy generation. •Modular bulb turbine is a feasible hydropower system, investment cost approx. 800 - 1,200 USD/kw. “Diversifying our power mix with renewable energy is not only good for the environment – it makes perfect business sense as well as mitigates climate change.” -World Wide Fund on climate change Thank you…