Gas Turbines

1
Gas Turbines
Siemens SGT5-8000H (340MW)
Lars E Bakken
October 2012
2
Gas Turbines
Porsche Boxer
Siemens SGT5-8000H (340MW)
Øyvind Hundseid
November 11, 2009
x 100
x 2000
3
Areas of Application
Propulsion
Power generation
4
World Total Energy Production
World Energy Consumption
• Total energy consumption; 542×1018J (2012)
• 80 - 90 % derived from fossil fuel combustion
World Total Electricity Production
•
Total electricity production: 23 274 TWh/year (2012)
–
–
–
–
–
•
Hydro :
Nuclear :
Coal:
Natural Gas:
Oil:
19 %
16 %
40 %
15 %
10 %
Norway:
–
99% energy production from hydro power with an installed
power of 28 000 MW
Energi = Effekt x Tid
[W] = [J/s]
1kWh = 3600 kJ
5
World Total Energy Production
5
Figure 67. Growth in world electric power generation and total energy consumption, 1990-2035
(index, 1990 = 1)
4
History
Projections
3
Net
electricity
generation
2
Total
energy
consumption
1
0
1990
2000
2007
2015
2025
2035
EIA, International Energy Statistics database (as of November 2009), web site www.eia.gov/emeu/international. Projections: EIA,
World Energy Projection System Plus (2010).
6
GE - LM2500
Combustor
Compressor
HP - Turbine
Power turbine
7
GE LM2500 – Operational data
•
•
•
•
•
•
Power turbine output: ~ 22 MW
Thermal efficiency: ~ 37 %
Pressure ratio: 18:1
HP turbine inlet temperature (TIT): 1270 K
HP Turbine speed: 9700 rpm
Power turbine speed: 3600 rpm
The turbine parts are exposed to high temperatures
and mechanical stress resulting in deterioration
8
Turbine
Mechanical energy
Pressure
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy
Pressure
Mechanical energy
Blade speed
Blade speed
Compressor
9
The Gas Turbine Cycle
2
T3
Combustor pressure
1
3
T3
Turb
Comp.
=
Efficiency
Inlet/outler pressure
Comb.
4
( h3 − h4 ) − ( h2 − h1 )
( h3 − h2 )
c (T − T ) − c p (T2 − T1 )
= p 3 4
(ideal gas)
c p (T3 − T2 )
Pshaft
=
m fuel ⋅ ∆H fuel LHV
Power output
= m c p (T3 − T4 ) − c p (T2 − T1 )  (ideal gas)
• GT cycle characterized by pressure ratio and turbine inlet
temperature, T3
• Increased turbine inlet temperature, T3, increases thermal
efficiency and power output
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The LM2500 Gas Turbine Cycle
1 500,000
1 300,000
1 100,000
900,000
700,000
500,000
300,000
100,000
-100,000
5,200
5,400
5,600
5,800
6,000
6,200
6,400
6,600
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Methods to increase T3
• Air cooling
• Material
• Coating
12
Operational conditions
Frequent starts/stops – thermal stress
Rapid changes in loading - high turbine inlet
temperature and deterioration rate
Humid environment - salt deterioration
Stable loads – low deterioration rate
13
Snøhvit - Gas turbine system
Bleed
duct
Filter
house
Vent
duct
Inlet duct,
silencer
14.1 m
Gas turbine
22.4 m
Exhaust
duct
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Jet Cat SPM5-20
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Jet Cat SPM5-20
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Jet Cat SPM5-20 (principle)
Brennkammer
Stasjonære ledeskovler
foran 1.turbin
Sentrifugalkompressor
Innløp
Stasjonære ledeskovler foran
2.turbin
2
1
Startmotor
Diffusor
3
4
2.turbin
(kraftturbin)
1.turbin
5
6
(Legg merke til at de to turbinene er frikoplet,
dvs. 2 akslinger)
Side 1 av 6
Girkasse
Aksling til generator
7
Eksoskanal
17
Jet Cat SPM5-20
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
abe
Målested
nummer*
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Sensorplassering
Innløp
Etter kompressor
Etter brennkammer
Foran 1.turbin
Foran 2.turbin
ledeskovler
Foran 2.turbin
Eksos
Generator
Flow
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Sensortype
Temperatur
Trykk
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Strøm Spenning
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JetMan