doca preview of the book - Council on Tall Buildings and
download 
Report Transcription
a preview of the book - Council on Tall Buildings and
TALL BUILDINGS The 2010 CTBUH Reference Guide of the what, when and where of tall and urban TALL BUILDINGS The 2010 CTBUH Reference Guide of the what, when and where of tall and urban www.ctbuh.org Editor Antony Wood Coordinating Editor & Design Nathaniel Hollister Other Contributors Steven Henry, Jan Klerks, Matthew Lacey, Marshall Gerometta, Philip Oldfield Published by The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat © CTBUH 2010 Printed and bound in Chicago by Source4. Copyright 2010 Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 978-0-939493-30-2 CTBUH has endeavored to determine the copyright holders of all images. Those uncredited have been sourced from listed authors or from within CTBUH Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat S. R. Crown Hall Illinois Institute of Technology 3360 South State Street Chicago, IL 60616-3793 t: +1 312 567 3487 f: +1 312 567 3820 e: [email protected] www.ctbuh.org Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide This reference guide provides a snapshot of tall buildings internationally, through data, graphs and statistics1. In addition to documenting what is already built, it looks to those projects currently under construction and those proposed, thus giving a clear indication of the trends and directions in the industry. It also describes the CTBUH height criteria upon which tall buildings are measured, and profiles other output from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat; the recognized source of information on all things tall and urban. 1 Unless otherwise noted all data contained within this reference guide is accurate as of January 4th, 2010. Contents Height Criteria and Definitions What is a Tall Building? How is the Height of a Tall Building Measured? Other Criteria: Status, Structure, Floors Height Calculator World’s Tallest The Tallest Ten World’s Tallest Lists 50 Tallest Urban Agglomerations Annual Review of Construction 2009: A Tall Building Review 2008: A Tall Building Review The Past, Present and Future of Tall History of the World’s Tallest Rise of the Supertall Innovative 20: Challenging the Typology Award Winners 2009 Award Winners Best Tall Building Awards Criteria & History Lynn S. Beedle Award Fazlur Rahman Khan Medal CTBUH Resources World Congresses/Conferences Publications Other Activities and Output 7 8 10 12 14 17 18 30 38 43 44 54 63 64 68 72 85 86 91 94 96 99 100 104 112 Contents 5 The Tallest Ten The World’s Tallest Ten has undergone dramatic change in the last decade. Three buildings have held the “World’s Tallest Building” title in the last six years, most recently the Burj Khalifa. Of the tallest ten buildings in the world currently, five have been completed since 2003. The mid to long term will inevitably be affected by the current global economic recession as less supertall buildings are currently starting on site. However, the recent rapid change of the Tallest Ten is predicted to continue in the immediate future, with five new Tallest Ten buildings scheduled to complete in the next year or two, and numerous others completing after that. The five buildings close to completion are: Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel (591m/1939ft); International Commerce Centre (Hong Kong, 483m/1585ft); Nanjing Greenland Financial Center (450m/1476ft); Guangzhou International Finance Center (440m/1444ft); and Kingkey Finance Center (Shenzhen, 439m/1440ft). See pages 28–29 for a diagram and analysis of the tallest ten buildings. 18 World's Tallest Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide (1) Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE Height 828m/2717ft Highest Floor 585m/1918ft Height to Tip 830m/2723ft Completion 2010 Building Use Office/Residential/Hotel Structural Material Steel/Concrete Total Floors 162 Total Area 464,511 m²/5,000,118 ft² ©Ema © ©E ©Em maa arr Prrope pertie tie tti iie es Owner/Developer Emaar Properties Architect Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP Structural Engineer Skidmore Owings & Merrill LLP MEP ETA M&E Contractor Samsung Engineering and Construction; Arabtec; Besix World's Tallest 19 World’s Tallest Ten (as of January 4th, 2010) Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the CTBUH rankings of the World’s Tallest Buildings. See page 10–13 (Height Criteria and Definitions) for a full description of the CTBUH height criteria, definitions and footnotes. 828m/2717ft 508m/1667ft 492m/1614ft Burj Khalifa Dubai 2010 452m/1483ft Taipei 101 Taipei 2004 1 28 2 World's Tallest Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai 2008 3 Petronas Towers 1&2 Kuala Lumpur 1998 4 5 Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide Completion Location Asia Middle East 2010 2000’s N. America Function Structural Material Steel Concrete 1990’s 1970’s Office Composite Steel/Concrete Mixed-Use 442m/1451ft 423m/1389ft Willis Tower Chicago 1974 6 421m/1380ft Trump International Hotel & Tower Chicago 2009 7 412m/1352ft Jin Mao Building Shanghai 1999 8 390m/1280ft Two International Finance Centre Hong Kong 2003 9 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou 1996 10 World's Tallest 29 World’s Tallest Lists The CTBUH organizes tall building projects into three major catagories1: completed, under construction and proposals. The following pages provide lists and statistical information on: the 100 tallest buildings completed, the 50 tallest buildings under construction and the 50 tallest proposals. 1 For a full definition of CTBUH building status categories, see page 12. 30 World's Tallest Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide The Tallest Buildings Completed The charts below provide an analysis of the tallest 100 completed2 buildings worldwide as of January 2010. The table on the following pages contains information on these projects, including: building name, location, year of completion, number of stories, height in meters and in feet to architectural top and structural material. Location Completion (decade) Structural Material 4% 4% 5% 7% 28% 11% 41% 35% 49% 24% 28% 41% 18% Asia Middle East N. America Australasia Europe Function 1930’s 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s Height (meters) 7% Steel Concrete Composite Steel/Concrete Concrete/Steel Unknown Stories 5% 5% 7% 20% 17% 11% 57% 34% 62% Hotel Office Residential Mixed-Use 72% 200’s 300’s 400’s 500’s 800+ 1–49 50–75 75–99 100–124 125+ 2 A completed building can be considered such – and added to the “tallest” lists – if it fulfills all of the following three criteria: 1) topped out structurally and architecturally, 2) fully-clad, 3) open for business, or at least partially occupied. World's Tallest 31 The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings (Part 1) # Building 1. Burj Khalifa 2. Taipei 101 3. Shanghai World Financial Center 4. Petronas Tower 1 4. Petronas Tower 2 6. Willis Tower 7. Trump International Hotel & Tower 8. Jin Mao Building 9. Two International Finance Centre 10. CITIC Plaza 11. Shun Hing Square 12. Empire State Building 13. Central Plaza 14. Bank of China 15. Bank of America Tower 16. Almas Tower 17. Emirates Tower One 18. Tuntex Sky Tower 19. Aon Center 20. The Center 21. John Hancock Center 22. Rose Rotana Tower 23. Shimao International Plaza 24. Minsheng Bank Building 25. China World Trade Center III 26. Q1 27. Burj al Arab Hotel 28. Nina Tower I 29. Chrysler Building 30. New York Times Tower 31. Bank of America Plaza 32. U.S. Bank Tower 33. Menara Telekom Headquarters 34. Emirates Tower Two 35. AT&T Corporate Center 36. The Address Downtown Burj Dubai 37. JP Morgan Chase Tower 38. Baiyoke Tower II 39. Two Prudential Plaza 40. Wells Fargo Plaza 41. Kingdom Centre 42. Arraya Tower 43. Aspire Tower 44. One Island East 45. First Bank Tower 46. Eureka Tower 47. Comcast Center 48. Landmark Tower 49. Emirates Crown 50. 311 South Wacker Drive Asia 32 Middle East World's Tallest N. America Location Completion Dubai 2010 Taipei 2004 Shanghai 2008 Kuala Lumpur 1998 Kuala Lumpur 1998 Chicago 1974 Chicago 2009 Shanghai 1999 Hong Kong 2003 Guangzhou 1996 Shenzhen 1996 New York 1931 Hong Kong 1992 Hong Kong 1989 New York 2009 Dubai 2008 Dubai 1999 Kaohsiung 1997 Chicago 1973 Hong Kong 1998 Chicago 1969 Dubai 2007 Shanghai 2006 Wuhan 2008 Beijing 2009 Gold Coast 2005 Dubai 1999 Hong Kong 2006 New York 1930 New York 2007 Atlanta 1993 Los Angeles 1990 Kuala Lumpur 1999 Dubai 2000 Chicago 1989 Dubai 2008 Houston 1982 Bangkok 1997 Chicago 1990 Houston 1983 Riyadh 2002 Kuwait City 2009 Doha 2006 Hong Kong 2008 Toronto 1975 Melbourne 2006 Philadelphia 2008 Yokohama 1993 Dubai 2008 Chicago 1990 Australasia Stories 168 101 101 88 88 108 98 88 88 80 69 102 78 70 54 68 54 85 83 73 100 72 60 68 74 78 60 80 77 52 55 73 55 56 60 63 75 85 64 71 41 60 36 69 72 91 57 73 63 65 Height (m) 828 508 492 452 452 442 423 421 412 390 384 381 374 367 365 360 355 348 346 346 344 333 333 331 330 323 321 319 319 319 317 310 310 309 307 306 305 304 303 302 302 300 300 298 298 297 297 296 296 293 Height (ft) 2717 1667 1614 1483 1483 1451 1389 1380 1352 1280 1260 1250 1227 1205 1198 1181 1165 1140 1136 1135 1128 1093 1093 1087 1083 1058 1053 1046 1046 1046 1039 1018 1017 1014 1007 1004 1002 997 995 992 992 984 984 979 978 975 974 972 971 961 Material Steel/Concrete Composite Composite Composite Composite Steel Concrete Composite Composite Concrete Composite Steel Concrete Composite Steel Concrete Composite Composite Steel Steel Steel Composite Concrete Steel Steel Concrete Composite Concrete Steel Steel Composite Steel Concrete Concrete Composite Concrete Composite Concrete Concrete Steel Steel/Concrete Concrete Composite Concrete Steel Concrete Composite Steel Concrete Concrete Europe Tall Buildings: A Reference Guide The World’s 100 Tallest Buildings (Part 2) # Building 51. SEG Plaza 52. American International Building 53. Key Tower 54. Plaza 66 55. One Liberty Place 56. Millennium Tower 57. Tomorrow Square 58. Columbia Center 59. Chongqing World Trade Center 60. Cheung Kong Centre 61. The Trump Building 62. Bank of America Plaza 63. United Overseas Bank Plaza 64. Republic Plaza 65. Overseas Union Bank Centre 66. Citigroup Center 67. Hong Kong New World Tower 68. Diwang International Commerce Center 69. Scotia Plaza 70. Williams Tower 71. Wuhan World Trade Tower 72. The Cullinan I 72. The Cullinan II 74. Renaissance Tower 75. China International Center Tower B 76. Dapeng International Plaza 77. 21st Century Tower 78. One Lujiazui 79. Naberezhnaya Tower C 80. Al Faisaliah Center 81. 900 North Michigan Avenue 82. Bank of America Corporate Center 83. Al Kazim Tower 1 83. Al Kazim Tower 2 85. BOCOM Financial Towers 86. 120 Collins St. 87. SunTrust Plaza 88. Triumph Palace 89. Tower Palace Three, Tower G 90. Trump World Tower 91. Water Tower Place 92. Grand Gateway Plaza I 92. Grand Gateway Plaza II 94. Aqua 95. Aon Center 96. BCE Place-Canada Trust Tower 97. Grand Lisboa 98. Dual Towers 1 98. Dual Towers 2 100. 101 Collins Street Asia Middle East N. America Location Shenzhen New York Cleveland Shanghai Philadelphia Dubai Shanghai Seattle Chongqing Hong Kong New York Dallas Singapore Singapore Singapore New York Shanghai Nanning Toronto Houston Wuhan Hong Kong Hong Kong Dallas Guangzhou Guangzhou Dubai Shanghai Moscow Riyadh Chicago Charlotte Dubai Dubai Shanghai Melbourne Atlanta Moscow Seoul New York Chicago Shanghai Shanghai Chicago Los Angeles Toronto Macau Manama Manama Melbourne Completion 2000 1932 1991 2001 1987 2006 2003 1984 2005 1999 1930 1985 1992 1995 1986 1977 2002 2006 1989 1983 1998 2008 2008 1975 2007 2006 2003 2008 2007 2000 1989 1992 2008 2008 1999 1991 1993 2005 2004 2001 1976 2005 2005 2009 1974 1990 2008 2007 2007 1991 Australasia Stories 71 67 57 66 61 59 55 76 60 63 71 72 66 66 63 59 61 54 68 64 60 68 68 56 62 56 55 47 61 30 66 60 53 53 50 52 60 61 73 72 74 54 54 87 62 53 47 53 53 50 Height (m) 292 290 289 288 288 285 285 284 283 283 283 281 280 280 280 279 278 276 275 275 273 270 270 270 269 269 269 269 268 267 265 265 265 265 265 265 264 260 264 262 262 262 262 262 262 261 261 260 260 260 Height (ft) 957 952 947 945 945 935 934 933 929 928 927 921 919 919 919 915 913 906 902 901 896 886 886 886 884 883 883 883 881 876 871 871 869 869 869 869 867 853 865 861 859 859 859 858 858 856 856 853 853 853 Material Concrete Steel Composite Steel/Concrete Steel Concrete Concrete Composite Concrete Steel Steel Composite Steel Composite Steel Steel Composite Concrete Composite Steel Concrete Concrete Steel Concrete Composite Concrete Concrete Composite Steel/Concrete Concrete/Steel Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Composite Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Steel Composite Steel/Concrete Concrete Concrete Composite Europe World's Tallest 33 The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, based at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, is an international not-for-profit organization supported by architecture, engineering, planning, development and construction professionals, designed to facilitate exchanges among those involved in all aspects of the planning, design, construction and operation of tall buildings. The CTBUH is the world’s leading body in the field of tall buildings and the recognized source of information on tall buildings internationally. It is the arbiter of tall building height and determiner of the title of “The World’s Tallest Building.” Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat S. R. Crown Hall Illinois Institute of Technology 3360 South State Street Chicago, IL 60616-3793 ISBN 978-0-939493-30-2 t: +1 312 567 3487 f: +1 312 567 3820 e: [email protected] www.ctbuh.org
