Solar - EPS Magazine

Transcription

FOR FREE INFO, CIRCLE 1 ON READER SERVICE CARD
CONTENTS
PUBLISHER
Danny J. Salchert
OFFICE MANAGER
Anita Salchert
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER
Rick Harless
[email protected]
CREATIVE DIRECTOR
26
Derek Gaylard
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
Terri Steele, Michael Daish, Steve Henry
FEATURES
6
CIRCULATION DIRECTOR
Solar Is Here to Stay:
Pam Fulmer
Evolving Solar Markets, Innovative Technologies
& Rich Incentives Offer Keys to Business Prosperity
By Terri Steele
14
POWER MONITORING:
PRESIDENT
Successful Studies Follow a PROCESS
By Michael Daish
SPECIAL FOCUS
20
14
Safely Lighting Hazardous Environments
An overview of hazardous environments and the lighting
fixtures that protect them
By Steve Henry
CASE STUDY
26
Pay Back Time
Demand Control Lighting® Technology Slashes Energy Costs
for ARAMARK’s WearGuard Crest Division
Q&A
30
Eliminating Counterfeit Electrical Products Adds to
Challenges Facing Legitimate Manufacturers
DEPARTMENTS
34 Product Focus
40 Ad Index
ON THE COVER
Cover photography provided by:
AEMC
2
Electrical Products & Solutions • September 2009
Danny J. Salchert
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3591 Cahaba Beach Road
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PRINTED IN THE USA
FEATURE • Conergy
Solar Is Here to Stay:
Evolving Solar Markets, Innovative
Technologies & Rich Incentives Offer
Keys to Business Prosperity
A Glimpse at Opportunities for Sustained Profitability In
America’s New Clean Energy Economy – and the One Event
that Can Bring Them National Attention, the American Solar
Energy Society’s National Solar Tour
By Terri Steele
T
here’s a light at the end of the job
loss tunnel for those hardest hit by
today’s brutal economic climate. It’s
manifested in the energy of a potential new
business partner who tirelessly works to
provide new revenue streams yet never asks
for additional compensation, no matter how
much new business he brings to the table.
That light is the sun — and the partner
is the unflagging energy it generates to help
businesses and home owners slash energy
bills, improve property values and reap rich
tax and cash incentives for going solar.
Who benefits from solar? We all do.
But it is the trade professionals hardest
hit by recent job losses who are among
the most qualified to find new revenue
streams in renewable energy.
Since the onset of the recession, the construction industry has lost 1.4 million jobs.
U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics show national unemployment at 9.7%. The unemployment rate for construction and
extraction trades is nearly twice that.
While the construction industry has been
heavily affected by the current economic
downturn, the solar industry has been growing at a clip of over 30% per year — and it
is projected to maintain that growth over
the next few years.
“Many of those engaged in the construction trades possess about 80% of what it
takes to be successful in solar,” said Donald
Chung, Managing Director of Distribution
Many contractors, electricians, roofers and
other trades people already possess about 80%
of the knowledge and capabilities needed to be
successful in solar.
for Conergy Americas, a full-service wholesale distributor serving a network of hundreds of solar energy dealers and installers
across the U.S. “With a decade of market
experience and a 1 Gigawatt renewable energy portfolio, Conergy has the expertise,
suppliers, logistics infrastructure and financial services network to give those looking
to diversify the additional 20% they need
to succeed in our industry,” he noted.
Renowned financial investor/philanthropist Warren Buffet had it right when he
said, “I don’t look to jump over 7-foot bars:
I look around for one-foot bars that I can
step over.” Today’s solar energy can be the
contractor’s one-foot bar.
With billions of dollars in unprecedented federal and state incentives for
home owners, businesses, utilities, public
agencies and non-profits who go solar, the
game-changing question becomes not if
or when your business should enter the
solar industry, but how.
The technical and operational skills
needed to quickly and profitably add solar
to your business’ service offerings include:
• AC electrical systems and service
experience;
• NEC electrical code expertise;
• Electrical permitting and design;
• Facility clients and sales generation
capabilities;
• Labor pool, rolling stock and distributor
relationships;
• Logistics, project management and cost
management controls; and
• Entrepreneurial drive and experience.
The remaining 20% of the skills required
to rapidly and successfully expand into the
business of solar energy can be provided
through the right partnerships and training.
It is important to work with those with a
solid track record to effectively address:
• DC electrical and photovoltaic system
design and components;
• Working knowledge of NEC 690 Code;
• Understanding exterior Continued on page 8
6
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Page 7
FEATURE • Conergy Continued from page 6
design issues specific to solar;
• Electrical best practices for wiring and
grounding photovoltaic systems;
• Product selection and design optimization to maximize energy production and
system longevity;
• Understanding unique and complex
financing and incentive structures and
the factors that lead to a successful sale;
• Navigating local rebate procedures;
• The capacity to finance the rebate
period; and
• Access to a wide selection of products at
competitive prices.
Defining the Solar Marketplace
The rays of opportunity solar brings to
today’s economic climate are reinforced in
the American Solar Energy Society (ASES’) Green Jobs Report, which asserts that
as many as 37 million U.S. jobs can be generated by the renewable energy and energy
efficiency industries by 2030. That’s nearly
17% of the future U.S. workforce over the
next two decades. Ninety percent of those
jobs would be in the private sector.
But the promise of solar hasn’t been as
fast out of the gate as many would like,
largely due to fear exhibited by lenders
(and thus less available credit for consumers) and caution exhibited by the
credit-worthy (is this really a good time to
make such a large investment?). Stockpiled
inventory, plummeting monocrystalline
prices and quasi painless energy costs have
kept folks from taking an invigorating dip
in the proverbial solar pool.
Conergy’s Chung remains optimistic.
“Never has this industry held more promise
for those looking to diversify and build
their businesses – or parlay their expertise
into potentially rewarding career opportunities,” he said.
He points not only to the capabilities of a
qualified population in need of fresh revenue streams, but to the billions of dollars
in cash incentives, tax credits, accelerated
depreciation and unique financing solutions
that make solar appealing to an astoundingly broad category of prospects, many of
whom may already be represented in contractor’s, electricians and other trades people’s current client bases.
They include:
1) Home owners looking to cut energy
costs and improve the resale value of
their homes;
2) Property owners looking to improve the
8
efficiencies of their structures and provide a value-add that differentiates their
assets from competitors;
3) Small businesses and non-profits looking for ways to cut operating costs;
4) Companies looking for ways to cash in
on the appeal sustainable brands have
with today’s environmentally-conscious consumers;
5) Corporations looking for tax relief;
6) Energy providers eager for fast, efficient ways to augment peak demand
without costly transmission lines, laborious permitting processes or unnecessary reliance on foreign oil; and
7) Public agencies, schools and local governments looking for ways to better
serve their constituencies, create green
jobs and move toward energy independence without major up-front costs or
the need to cut services.
And who is in a solid position to bring
solar energy solutions to these markets? It
is the contractors, electricians, welders,
roofers, engineers, architects, glazers, building managers who have the networks, skills,
experience and small business infrastructure to embrace this potential new revenue
stream in a meaningful way. It is those with
the ability to introduce the benefits of solar
energy to their professional networks.
The first step to success in solar is to
consider investing in some in-depth technical and business training. On March 6,
2009, U.S. Labor Secretary Hilda L. Solis
announced that the Obama Administration
is making more than $3.5 billion dollars
to states for education, training and re-employment services. Go to www.dol.gov
for details.
Each year Conergy, in conjunction with
ASES, hosts SOLAR SUCCESS!™, the
signature training event to help contractors, trades people and entrepreneurs successfully diversify into the business of
solar – or grow their existing solar businesses. Co-located with ASES Annual
National Solar Conference, next year’s
event is slated for May 17-22, 2010 in
Phoenix, Arizona. It is the industry’s
largest professional training event.
SOLAR SUCCESS!™ offers a menu
of over 30 interactive sessions for entrepreneurs in two, four or six-day tracks, depending on their level of business
exposure. This year’s event attracted over
550 professionals.
Today’s marketplace is rife with opportunity, but it’s also attracting a groundswell
of new players, many of them inexperienced. Conergy’s formidable front line provides expert sales, logistics and technical
support to installers engaged in the residential, off-grid and commercial solar markets.
SOLAR SUCCESS!TM helps installers
gain sharper technical and business skills
for the competitive edge required to succeed it today’s increasingly-competitive
marketplace. Learn more about becoming
a dealer or fine-tuning your solar credentials at www.solarsuccess.org.
Vet the Bet: All Projects
Are Not Created Equal
Unlike traditional electrical contracts, in
a solar energy project, the capacity for an
attractive financial return and the ability to
finance a project to meet financial objectives will close the sale, particularly in the
commercial segment. The moving-target
patchwork of complex factors impacting the
financial attractiveness of a solar project can
make it difficult to discern winners from the
losers. Conergy can help distinguish
starters from third-string players, saving installers time, money and aggravation in
evaluating solar prospects.
Factors to consider when evaluating
prospective jobs include:
• Local electric rates and rate structures;
• Local incentives, rebates, state tax credits;
• Solar renewable energy certificate
(SREC) valuation;
• State Renewable Portfolio Standards
(RPS);
• Enterprise zones and air quality management district benefits; and
• The project host profile: site, credit worthiness, years in business and energy demand.
Solar energy is a maturing, reliable, fieldtested technology that has reached a level
of technical sophistication and affordability significant enough to warrant serious
consideration as you build your business.
But it is having a reliable, market-savvy
partner to help navigate the complex financial landscape is the most important
characteristic for solar success. Identifying the right project profile is not only
profitable for you, it can be a boon for
clients. Once you’re able to illustrate the
benefits the right solar Continued on page 12
FEATURE • Conergy Continued from page 8
solution can bring, the game is yours.
Americans may have invented PV technology – and they might consume more
energy than any other nation — but they
rank a distant third in world renewable energy production. According to Solar
Buzz’s 2008 Annual Report, MarketBuzz,
Europe accounted for an astounding 82%
of world demand in 2008. Last year,
Spain’s 285% growth nudged consistently
top-ranking Germany into second place,
while the U.S. advanced to [a very distant]
number three. Rapid growth in Korea allowed it to become the fourth largest market, closely followed by Italy and Japan.
China is a rising force from both the sup-
ply and demand side of the business.
It is the heavy-lifting of American contractors, electricians and related trades people in bringing the benefits of solar energy
to their client networks and partner bases
that will drive America’s emerging clean
energy economy – and the many economic,
social and environmental benefits it brings.
America, whose fertile entrepreneurial
minds bore the concept of harnessing the
sun’s energy via photovoltaic (PV) technology half a century ago, is about to find
her place in the sun. And with the right
mindset, partners, networks, market incentives and knowledge, the light at the end of
the tunnel is closer than it appears.
Be Inspired: Participate in the
October 3 National Solar Tour
One way to engage with energy experts,
fellow contractors and home and business
owners who’ve gone solar is by participating in the non-profit American Solar Energy Society’s National Solar Tour, the
world’s largest grassroots solar event. It affords professionals, home owners, students
and other solar-interested parties an upclose look at the gamut of solar solutions
across the U.S. Last year, 140,000 people
across 3,000 communities in 49 states participated. It’s a meaningful way to gather
specific information and be inspired about
the potential of solar energy. This year’s
tours fall on or around October 3, 2009.
Details at www.nationalsolartour.org. ❏
1
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, August 2009,
Chart A-10. Not seasonally adjusted.
Author Terri Steele is a communications
strategist for Conergy and for the
American Solar Energy Society.
12
FEATURE • Summit Technology
POWER MONITORING:
Successful Studies Follow a PROCESS
Introduction
By Michael Daish
Newsflash! Not all power studies are
successful! Why? Usually because of errors in operation or connection. How can
we ensure successful studies, first time,
every time and eliminate the possibility of
mistakes? Let’s begin by asserting that a
power study is a process. Consider that
whether you are balancing a panel, data
logging at a load, performing an energy
audit, or conducting a power quality investigation, it’s a process. There’s a beginning, a middle, and an end involving
several activities. This paper discusses
the “process” and how PowerSight® meters take into account the entire process to
ensure a successful outcome.
The Role of the Test Meter
The meter plays the central role for
data collection. But how will it enable the
steps in the process? And will it deliver a
good user experience? Most meters do
collect the essential data, but as will be
seen, to achieve success there are other
considerations besides just data collection
and measurement.
Why Studies Go Wrong
The major reasons why power studies are
unsuccessful are due to:
1) Bad planning
2) Incorrect voltage and current
connections
3) Incorrect set-up in the meter
4) Corrupted data
5) Difficulty presenting the results
As we describe the process we will show
how these problems can be avoided.
The Steps in the Process
The power study process can be broken
down into these steps:
• Prepare for connecting safely – put on
NFPA 70E safety attire
• Connect meter with voltage and current
probes to conductors
• Setting-up and programming of the
meter
• Measurement and recording of data
with meter
14
• Return to collect the meter data –
suit up again in safety gear
• Download or transfer the data to PC
• Analysis of data in PC
• Generation of final report - documenting
results, making recommendations
equipment) turns
on the breaker trips,
why?”
“I’m commissioning a
UPS and need to verify it’s performance.”
Planning
You can probably come up with other
examples of your own. The point here is
to understand and declare the objectives
of the intended power study. What will
the “big result” look like when the study
is complete? Many studies fail because
the user isn’t sure of what should be accomplished. Articulate the “end-game”
and you have a direction to aim in – so
“We need to reduce energy consumption – describe the goal.
I need to perform an energy audit.”
Summit Technology has identified
“How are the energy savings measures
over 70 possible errors and has develwe have implemented performing?”
oped a technology called SureStart™ to
eliminate connection problems. It is soft“This transformer is very hot – is it over- ware in the meter that checks the conloaded, or are high harmonics the
nections and advises of errors before you
cause?”
begin monitoring. SureStart makes
these determinations regardless of the
“My (machine/process) is operating erpower system type, in the presence of
ratically – is power quality the cause?”
multiple connection or wiring errors, and
presents the results in clear English
“When the HVAC (or motor or other
Continued on page 16
statements.
Good planning is vital. A good plan begins by declaring what you want to accomplish by defining the problem that you want
to solve. Some examples:
“I need to add more load(s) – will my
panels / circuits support the new additions?”
Connecting Correctly
A common problem is discovering at the end of the study that the data is useless due
to connection errors. Here are just a few examples:
Voltages misidentified
One, two, or three currents not connected to source
Currents misidentified
One, two, or three currents not connected to measuring system
Two voltage connections switched
One, two, or three voltages not connected
Two current sensors switched
Two or three connections to the same voltage
All voltages rotated one position left
Two or three connections to the same current
All voltages rotated one position right
One, two, or three current sensors backwards
One phase not present
Non-standard frequency due to power system problem
Two phases not present
Non-standard voltage due to power system problem
All currents rotated one position left
Neutral not connected to ground
All currents rotated one position right
Non-standard voltage due to improper loading
Three phases not present
Two phases shorted to neutral or ground
One phase offered as two or three phases
Non-standard phase shift between phases due to power system problem
One phase shorted to neutral or ground
Combinations of the above listed errors
FEATURE • Summit Technology Continued from page 14
meters, check connections, view phasors,
all on a PC or PDA. You can do this remotely and safely from up to 20 feet away
from dangerous high voltages without the
need to wear cumbersome and restrictive
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) safety
gear. Under NFPA 70E it’s mandatory to
wear PPE to install the meter’s voltage and
current probes on energized circuits. Unfortunately, PPE involves wearing visors
that impair visibility of the meter display.
Thick gloves also make operation of tiny
meter buttons a challenge. Such restrictions
can introduce operator errors. With BlueConnect and Monitor
tooth the operator can move to a safe zone a
with Safety
few feet away to remove gloves and visors
Summit Technology recently introduced and operate remotely.
three PowerSight models: the PS2500 Data
Logger, PS3500 Energy Analyzer, and Correct Set-Up
PS4500 Power Quality Analyzer with a
Programming errors can render the surstringent CAT-IV safety rating for hand- vey useless before we have even begun!
held meters. They can withstand an 8,000 V PowerSight meters allow you to create and
surge at a 600 V service so you can feel safe save set-up files for different three-phase
using the meters at 600V circuits or below. and single-phase scenarios. Thus you can
With Bluetooth wireless communications create a library of set-up files for recall to
you can observe waveforms and real-time minimize errors and save time.
16
Download of Data to a PC
At the end of the study period the user
retrieves the meter, wearing the appropriate PPE safety clothing of course, to download data to a PC. Download of data with
the PowerSight meters is either via Bluetooth or by a memory card. New models
of PowerSight meters have SD memory
card slots to accept cards up to 2GB.
Data Analysis and Reports
After downloading, the data is analyzed.
Then you generate a report. Summit Technology’s PSM software for the PC has excellent analysis tools for viewing logs and
events, zooming and expanding areas of the
graphs, and printing of log graphs with annotation. Export of data to an Excel spreadsheet just takes a mouse click!
Documenting the results and creating a
final report involves reporting on as many
as 140 different parameters. Imagine having to manually cut and paste to tabulate
each parameter individually, going back
and forth between Excel and Word for each
value in multiple
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Page 17
FEATURE • Summit Technology Continued from page 16
operations. That would be tedious and timeconsuming. The PSM software Report
Writer “wizard” makes the task easier. It
automatically creates a complete report in
just a couple of mouse clicks. You can filter the results to make your report as broad
or as focused as you need. You can also edit
the text to add your conclusions. It takes
about a minute. And here’s the good news –
the power study process is now complete!
Conclusion: Successful Studies
and A Better User Experience
When the user experience and the monitoring “process” are considered there are
significant distinctions for PowerSight meters. They are the most portable monitors
on the market; they fit in your hand and
weigh only 1lb. They are easily transported
and their small size enables them to be installed in switchgear and equipment in
voids “out of sight” and are thus less prone
to tampering – a common source of data
corruption and wasted surveys.
Commercial power monitors all use similar measurement techniques so there is no
distinction between them in terms of what
they measure. PowerSight meters measure
and record (log) volts, amps, watts, va, var,
power factor, total harmonic distortion
(THD), frequency, and energy (kWh) for
single-phase and three-phase power types.
The PS4500 Power Quality Analyzer also
measures sags, swells, and transients. The
PS4500 also has options for motor diagnostics and measuring high-frequency
noise.
When choosing a meter consider the
“process”. There are other considerations
to be taken into account besides the data
capture. At Summit Technology we assert
that the meter should provide:
• Appropriate safety rating (CAT-IV) for
NFPA 70E rules
• Remote communications for up to 20
feet away via Bluetooth so workers can
safely and comfortably perform measurements without the encumbrance of
PPE safety clothing
• Warn of connection errors
• Minimize set-up errors with preconfigured set-ups
18
• Provide extensive PC data analysis tools,
and export of data to Excel
• Versatile Report Writer software wizard
to automate documenting results
• Small size and weight
• Good documentation
At Summit Technology we have developed technology to give a more satisfactory
user experience by designing meters that
address the entire process as described
above. Use a tool that is designed to fit the
process and you too will enjoy successful
power studies. ❏
SPECIAL FOCUS • Emerson Industrial Automation
Safely Lighting
HAZARDOUS
Environments
An overview
of hazardous
environments
and the lighting
fixtures that
protect them
L
ighting fixtures play a critical role
in the safe, efficient and productive
operation of any industrial facility
or production process. Darkened, enclosed
and round-the-clock operations rely on
them exclusively for illumination. Daylight operations benefit from the additional and spot lighting they provide.
However, facilities, such as petrochemical, food processing and grain storage, require more from their lighting fixtures. In
addition to providing light, fixtures for
these industries must address and overcome the inherent challenges of hazardous
By Steve Henry environments.
Hazardous environment lighting fixtures are designed to specifically handle
the highly corrosive elements, combustible dusts and flammable gases and
vapors that are endemic to these industries. This article examines the distinct
hazardous environments defined by
global electrical codes, which fixtures are
suited for them and technologies that are
on the way to help keep light fixtures operating longer and safer. This information provides the foundation for
achieving optimal plant safety and efficiency through proper lighting, safe electrical installation and operation.
Around the world, hazardous locations
are broken down into different categories.
Each category defines the type of hazard
present, its explosive force and if its exposure is part of normal or abnormal facility
operations.
Class of Threats
Figure 3. Mercmaster III
COURTESY OF APPLETON
20
The National Electrical Code (NEC)
and the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC)
define hazardous environment combustible
dusts and flammable gases and vapors into
three separate Classes. Class I locations
are categorized by the flammable gases
and vapors present in industries such as
natural gas, petroleum and chemical.
Class II locations contain combustible
dusts. These dusts can be carried aloft during pulverizing processes or compacted in
storage centers. Combustible dusts are
found inside plastic, pharmaceutical, coal
and flour processing locations.
Class III locations contain the ignitible
fibers and flyings that are produced in the
wood, cotton, and textile industries, among
others.
SPECIAL FOCUS • Emerson Industrial Automation Continued from page 20
Groups within Each Class
Class ratings are further broken down
into groups, which identify the explosive
pressure created by the gas, vapor or dust
(figure 1).
There are three distinct classes of flam-
well, to accommodate for the potential plants position lights where they can get
seeping of gases or vapors.
covered by dust or grains for extended periods of time. These conditions mandate
Around the Globe
that enclosed and gasketed fixtures prevent
The International Electrotechnical Com- dust egress and keep temperatures low. Inmission (IEC) classifies hazardous loca- ternal control components need to be entions into zones, groups and gas groups. gineered to radiate less heat. Surfaces need
to be contoured to prevent accumulation
of dust on the fixture and to reduce blanketing. If fixtures are not engineered properly, exterior light temperatures can soar.
Explosion Proof Fixtures
for Class I, Division 1
mable compositions. Class I locations consist of Groups A, B, C and D:
• Group A, acetylene, features the highest
outward pressure during an explosion
• Group B is hydrogen
• Group C is ethylene
• Group D is gasoline
Class II locations are divided into
Groups E, F and G based on electrical resistivity charts listed in ANSI/ISA-S 12.
10-1988.
• Group E is combustible metal dust such
as aluminum and magnesium
• Group F consists of coal, printer ink
powder and coke
• Group G features agricultural dusts such
as cake mix, grain dust and flour
Class III locations are not broken down
into groups.
Define the Presence
with Divisions
NEC/CEC Divisions define hazardous
environments by the amount of the exposure to the gases, vapors, dusts or flyings
and fibers. Division 1 classifies hazardous
atmospheres in which the flammable gas
or vapor or combustible dust is present during normal operations or routine maintenance. The existing or potential hazardous
atmosphere must also be in the right mixture concentrations to be ignitible. Thus,
proper ventilation can change a Division 1
location into a Division 2 location.
Division 2 locations are where hazards
are encountered only during an abnormal
situation, such as equipment failure or a
spill. Locations adjacent to Class I, Division 1 areas may be deemed Division 2, as
22
Zones are similar to the NEC/CEC Divisions, except that they classify three levels of the existence of hazardous
atmospheres instead of two.
• Zone 0: hazardous atmospheres are continuously present
• Zone 1: hazardous atmosphere is often
present
• Zone 2: hazardous atmosphere may accidentally be present Groups are used to
denote equipment used for the mining
industry. Group I consists solely of
mines. Group II encompasses every industry, but mining. The Gas Groups of
A, B, and C rate the pressure caused by
an ignited gas, vapor or dust, much like
the NEC/CEC Group; however, they are
placed in the opposite order. Gas Group
C therefore represents the extreme force
of hydrogen and acetylene while Gas
Group A denotes the less destructive
forces of gasoline and natural gas.
Safely lighting facilities for the different classes, groups and divisions requires
engineering and manufacturing a variety
of fixture designs. Each design incorporates features that meet the specific rating
criteria of the hazardous location.
Enclosed and Gasketed
Fixtures for Class I, Division 2
and for Class II
Class I, Division 2 fixtures must be gasketed to prevent the hazardous atmosphere
from entering the fixture’s interior. As
such, enclosed and gasketed fixtures are
most suitable for this environment. Class II
fixtures also have to function under a blanket of explosive dust as grain silos and
other agricultural and mineral processing
Due to the ever-present condition of
hazardous gases or vapors, fixtures placed
in Class I, Division 1 locations must ensure that ignition is never allowed into the
environment.
To do this, engineers calculate that the
gas or vapor has successfully leaked into
the interior of the fixture and has ignited.
To prevent ignited gases or vapors from
propagating to the surrounding atmosphere, explosionproof fixtures feature engineered flamepaths. The flamepaths vent
the pressure of an explosion by allowing
the gases to escape to the outside atmosphere only after the gas has traveled within
the fixture’s flamepaths long enough to
cool. Cooled gases are released from the
flamepaths at temperatures that will not ignite the surrounding flammable atmospheres. Depending on the fixture’s design
and application, these flamepaths can be
incorporated into ground joints, threaded
joints, labyrinth-paths, close tolerance
shafts, interlocking concentric rings and
precision acme/conical threads.
Keeping Your Cool in
Hazardous Atmospheres
A light that lasts longer is safer for the
production line and the maintenance crew.
It provides more light over its lifetime and
reduces the potential of a maintenance-related accident by stretching out the amount
of time between servicing. Simply put,
cooler running lamps stay lit longer. That’s
why it is important to design and manufacture enclosed and gasketed and explosionproof fixtures that reduce the amount
of heat they produce. Light fixture manufacturers do this through electrical, mechanical and thermal engineering. Product
designs need to take into consideration
such facets as the placement of internal
control gear to reduce Continued on page 24
SPECIAL FOCUS • Emerson Industrial Automation Continued from page 22
heat buildup, the use of reflectors to help in heat dispersion while producing
higher photometric efficiencies and metallurgy
techniques and bracket
placement to draw heat
away from the internal
components and direct it
out through the casing.
the proper amount of time
for many fixtures to cool.
Research also shows that 32
percent of gaskets and seals
are not inspected, and that
maintenance crews are
“pretty sure” the gaskets are
properly sealed only 55 percent of the time. Also, 95
percent of the time, luminaires are maintained only
after the unit fails.1
Unfortunately, this leads
to mistakes that could be
avoided. Using the appropriate lamp also contributes
to fixture durability and
heat build-up. Only lamps
of the proper rating for the
fixture should be used, not
higher or lower.
For example, a 100-watt
lamp in a 150-watt fixture
can cause the internals to
overheat and increase the
fixture’s “T” rating without
any external warning or indication. Using a different
wattage lamp, not found on
the nameplate, voids the
fixture warranty, violates
the UL-rating and can put
the entire facility and its
workers at risk.
Temperatures
to a “T”
Every hazardous atmosphere has a temperature
that, if exceeded, will
cause the flammable or
combustible to ignite. Accordingly, this temperature, called the “T” rating,
is a critical safety benchmark. Hazardous location
lighting fixtures must run
cooler than the ignition
temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. Per
the “T” rating chart (figure
2), T1 rated luminaires can
only be used in locations
where the atmosphere
needed a temperature
greater that 450°C to ignite. Conversely, T6 rated COURTESY OF APPLETON
luminaires run the coolest
and can be used in very volatile environ- “T” rating is below that of the hazard.
ments where temperatures cannot exceed Restricted breathing fixture construction
is similar to enclosed and gasketed but
85°C.
The “T” rating for a fixture is the tem- requires a seal to give the product the
perature of the hottest spot on or in the “restricted breathing” rating. This allows
luminaire depending on the luminaire’s restricted breathing fixtures to have their
class or zone rating. Whether the “T” “T” ratings measured from the surface
rating is recorded on or in the luminaire of the fixture.
depends on whether it is an explosionComplex Engineering
proof, flameproof, enclosed and gasMade
Simple
keted or restricted breathing fixture. For
The seemingly simple look of enclosed
explosionproof and flameproof fixtures,
the “T” ratings are measured on the ex- and gasketed and explosionproof lighting
terior of the fixture. This is due to the can often cause work crews to underestiexplosionproof and flameproof fixture’s mate the hazardous locations that they work
ability to disarm any explosion caused in and the engineering of these fixtures.
within the interior of the fixture. There- This is reinforced by surveys that show
fore, the exterior temperature of the fix- maintenance practices usually do not folture becomes the forerunning concern. low standard guidelines. Eighty percent of
Enclosed and gasketed fixtures measure the time, fixtures are relamped with the
their “T” ratings on the inside. If a haz- electrical power on. In the 20 percent of the
ard is accidentally released into the at- time that the power is turned off, 69 permosphere and reaches inside the fixture, cent of the relamping happens as soon as
it will not ignite assuming the fixture’s the power is shut off. This does not allow
24
Safely LIghting the Way
Lighting in hazardous locations is a necessity and a potential danger. Knowing
the facility environment, combustible composition and fixture application enables the
proper lighting design for a safe and productive working environment. ❏
References
Haley, Mike et al. “Benefits and concerns
with NEC® Section 501.1 in reference to
Zone 2 lighting in Division 2 areas.” IEEE
Paper No. PCIC-2004-47. 7 pages.
1
About the Author
Steve Henry, lighting marketing manager for the Appleton and O-Z/Gedney
brands of Emerson Industrial Automation.
Steve has more than two decades of experience in industrial and hazardous location lighting.
CASE STUDY • Universal Lighting Technologies
Pay Back
Time
W
earGuard-Crest, a division of
The DEMANDflex ballasts
at WearGuard-Crest were tuned
ten to 20 percent below full power
during installation for immediate
energy savings even before the
DCL Control System was
installed, according to J&R Wiring
President Jim Killian.
26
ARAMARK, set an ambitious
goal: to replace all the lighting
fixtures throughout 280,000 square feet of
office, manufacturing, and retail space at
its headquarters in Norwell, Massachusetts, just south of Boston. Furthermore,
the company wanted the project to pay for
itself in energy savings.
J&R Wiring, Inc., took up the challenge. After researching the most advanced lighting control systems on the
market today, J&R Wiring identified the
one technology with the most powerful return on investment (ROI)—DCL® (Demand Control Lighting) from Universal
Lighting Technologies.
Only DCL technology can reduce
Demand Control
Lighting® Technology
Slashes Energy Costs
for ARAMARK’s
WearGuard Crest
Division
power to lighting ballasts as much as 50
percent without the need to install expensive control wiring. The DCL Control
System can be operated manually or automated for “set it and forget it” simplicity. The control system communicates
with the ballasts at the circuit level. Each
lighting circuit can be controlled individually for zone programming. By eliminating the need for extra wiring, DCL
technology is simple to install in retrofit
projects or new construction.
After identifying DCL as the ideal solution, J&R Wiring worked with Universal Lighting Technologies to design an
automated lighting control program that
would optimize energy savings throughout the WearGuard-Crest Continued on page 28
CASE STUDY • Universal Lighting Technologies Continued from page 26
facility. Lighting fixtures in the office, lobby, and hallway areas would be divided into eight zones with photocells for daylight harvesting between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.
In addition, the entire facility would be controlled by scheduling software so that lights would automatically adjust to 50percent power at 6:00 p.m. for cleaning crews and then zero
percent at 11:00 p.m.
Under this plan, J&R Wiring projected an energy savings
of 539,531 kilowatt-hours, which represents a 45 percent re-
duction in power being consumed by the facility’s lighting fixtures. Next, J&R Wiring approached the local electric utility,
National Grid, to discuss possible incentives for WearGuard.
Through its Energy Initiative program, National Grid provides
incentives for energy efficient retrofits for its commercial and
industrial customers. For this project, National Grid performed
an independent review of DCL technology and its benefits for
WearGuard-Crest and provided significant incentives.
Another advantage to WearGuard-Crest was that DCL al-
28
lowed them to participate in National Grid’s Demand Response Program. Although no longer offered, this program
gave National Grid the ability to request that participating
companies voluntarily slash their demand by a set percent
when the local electrical grid is approaching capacity. This is
occasionally necessary during peak hours for energy use,
which is—not coincidentally—when electricity rates are at
their highest. Cutting energy use during peak hour rates is a
significant source of financial savings for companies with
high energy bills. These savings are simple to achieve with
DCL technology whether or not the company is part of a Demand Response Program.
In Sept. 2008, the installation began. First, J&R Wiring replaced the facility’s outdated lighting equipment with DEMANDflex™ ballasts from Universal Lighting Technologies.
These high-efficiency T8 ballasts can be individually “tuned”
by the installer to the appropriate power level (ballast factor) in
order to ensure just the right amount of light for the application.
This helps eliminate overlighting and wasting energy.
According to J&R Wiring President Jim Killian, the DEMANDflex ballasts at WearGuard-Crest were tuned ten to 20
percent below full power during installation for immediate energy savings even before the DCL Control System was installed.
“There was quite a bit of saving from tuning alone,” said
Killian. “We were able to reduce power levels ten percent or
more, and the ballasts are producing better light for less energy.”
Installation of the DCL Control System began in January
2009. The daylight harvesting zones and automated scheduling
software have performed exactly as demanded.
“The installation went off without a hitch,” said Chris Hart,
senior electrician for WearGuard-Crest. “This is a powerful
front-end control system that is also extremely economical.”
Once WearGuard-Crest has recouped its investment in DCL
technology, the energy savings will continue to compile month
after month.
“Daylight harvesting is knocking down power consumption
significantly,” said Killian. “And I’m impressed with the extremely subtle and extremely smooth changes in lighting.”
National Grid encourages its other customers to aggressively
investigate the power of energy-saving lighting technologies,
especially “whole-building” solutions such as DCL technology.
“Addressable lighting control systems like this one have a lot
of potential for energy savings and carbon footprint reductions,” said Thomas Coughlin, commercial/industrial lighting
program manager for National Grid.
“We’ve had a very good experience,” said Killian. “I’m very
happy with the product overall.”
ARAMARK is a leader in professional services, providing
award-winning food services, facilities management, and uniform and career apparel to healthcare institutions, universities
and school districts, stadiums and arenas, and businesses in 22
countries around the world. With more than 500 employees at
its facilities in Norwell, WearGuard-Crest has been America’s
premier direct mail retailer of work clothes and personalized
uniforms for almost 50 years. ❏
September 2009 • epsmag.net
29
Q&A • Eaton
Eliminating
Counterfeit
Electrical Products
Adds to Challenges Facing
Legitimate Manufacturers
C
ounterfeit electrical products
appear to be genuine, but they are
unable to perform basic functions and
fail minimum safety tests because they are
made with inferior materials. Such equipment
includes control relays, circuit breakers,
receptacles, ground fault circuit interrupters
and conduit fittings. Jerry Whitaker, president,
Americas Region, Eaton’s Electrical Sector,
a part of diversified power management
company Eaton Corporation, offers insights to
minimizing the worldwide proliferation of
counterfeit goods.
Why are counterfeit products
attractive to so many people?
In these challenging economic times,
businesses and consumers alike are looking to cut costs wherever they can, and
counterfeit products help people achieve
that goal. Although these products are less
expensive to produce than legitimate
products because the manufacturers cut
corners, they can cost more in the longrun because of their effects on safety and
the economy.
30
Q&A • Eaton Continued from page 30
toms and sales tax revenues that result in
greater financial burdens for businesses
and individuals, and increases in orgaThey can overheat or cause short cir- nized crime.
cuits, leading to fires, shocks or explosions that can cost workers their lives Where are most counterfeit products
and produce considerable property dam- made?
age. All forms of counterfeiting are unMore than 80 percent of them originate
acceptable, but electrical product in China. They find their way to the United
counterfeiting has dangerous implica- States, Canada and Western Europe, and
tions for the industry and the public that, also have a strong presence in Africa,
for example, counterfeit jewelry or Asia, Latin America and the Middle East.
clothing, does not.
What kinds of safety problems
can result from using counterfeit
products?
What are the economic consequences
of using counterfeit products?
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), the Canadian Standards Association, or other organizations that certify
the quality and performance of electrical
products, are minimum requirements for
giving customers peace-of-mind that their
electrical products are safe to use.
How can communities protect themselves against dangerous and defective counterfeit electrical products?
By using only established vendors and
authorized retailers, exercising caution in
Do counterfeit products have any
online transactions, checking for certificharacteristics that should raise
cation marks, scrutinizing labels and packdoubts about their legitimacy?
aging, avoiding products that lack any
Missing or poor-quality labels, out-of- identifying branding label or affiliation,
date product codes and packaging, and avoiding “bargains” that seem too good
stickers that legitimate manufacturers don’t to be true and seeking information online
use are telltale signs of imitation products. about product recalls.
Worldwide, counterfeiting costs the electrical products industry $600 billion a year.
In the United States alone, that figure is
$200-$250 billion. Revenue “stolen” from
legitimate companies like Eaton reduces
U.S. employment by 750,000 jobs a year, What labels should every legitimate
How effective is the U.S. Government
at stopping counterfeit products from
according to the International Anti-Coun- product have?
terfeiting Coalition (www.iacc.org).
Testing certifications from organizations entering the country?
Counterfeit products also reduce cus- such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL), the
Last year, U.S. Customers and Border
32
Protection reported a 43 percent increase
in the seizure of counterfeit electrical
products over 2007 levels, which indicates
that counterfeiting is a persistent problem.
their means to protect the safety and economic interests of their constituents, provided that we educate them about the
severity of the problem and work with
them to develop solutions.
our global organization.
What is the penalty for trafficking in
counterfeit products?
Yes. We collaborate with electrical
manufacturer associations, supply channel partners and government agencies
Yes. Eaton has zero tolerance for coun- worldwide to raise awareness of counterterfeiting and is committed to developing feit electrical products and help to enforce
and implementing anti-counterfeiting anti-counterfeiting measures.
technologies and programs. Within the
company, we’ve formed a cross-func- Is there any hope of eliminating
tional Global Task Force to coordinate the problem of counterfeit electrical
anti-counterfeit initiatives across global products?
markets.
Yes. If Eaton and other legitimate manufacturers, as well as industry trade assoWhat are some of the Task Force’s
ciations, continue to maintain a leadership
activities?
role in educating the public about the danThe group is developing programs and gers of fraudulent electrical products to
methods for influencing and training cus- public health and safety, I am confident
tomer groups, law enforcement person- that consumers will begin to change their
nel, distributors and customers, as well behavior, and counterfeiting in the elecas coordinating brand protection and trical products market will eventually beanti-counterfeiting programs throughout come a thing of the past. ❏
Is Eaton working with any industry
groups to solve the counterfeiting
problem?
Does Eaton have a policy on this
It’s a federal offense that can result in issue?
up to $5 million in fines.
Whose responsibility is it to stop the
sale of counterfeit products?
Legitimate manufacturers, distributors
and customers must work together to prevent unsafe products from entering the supply chain and causing harm to people and
property.
Is there value in encouraging
our elected representatives in
Washington to enact legislation and
regulations that impose tougher
penalties on counterfeiters?
Absolutely. Members of Congress and
U.S. Senators will do everything within
33
PRODUCT FOCUS
<<<<
Cooper Wiring Devices Announces Arrow Hart
LynxPOWER™ Industrial Connectivity System
New system provides link for dependable routing of
power, signal and data in industrial environments
Cooper Wiring Devices, a division of Cooper Industries, has
introduced the Arrow Hart® LynxPOWER™ Industrial Connectivity System, a new family of products specifically designed
for use in industrial environments. The LynxPOWER system
provides custom connectivity solutions to meet customers’
unique application needs in four specific types of application
packages: SOFTPower™, Mini-Line™, Micro-Mini & Pico-Line
and Industrial Networking. Each of these packages fulfills a
unique need, but they all are ideal for use in manufacturing
environments that may be harsh and abusive or where there is extended exposure to liquids and oils.
The SOFTPower application package is specifically designed for industrial applications in which electrical connections
are exposed to physical abuse—making it perfect for use with industrial manufacturing, production line equipment, modular
equipment and food and beverage processing equipment. SOFTPower is rated for use in these environments without the need
for raceways and cable trays. SOFTPower’s convenient connection ports help to minimize downtime, ease maintenance and
increase safety by replacing traditional hardwiring with a plug-and-run modular pre-wired system.
For more information, visit
www.cooperindustries.com
34
>>>>
Milwaukee® Introduces New M12 Cordless
3/8” Drill/Driver
Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation expands its LITHIUM-ION system with the new
M12 Cordless 3/8” Drill/Driver. The only tool in its class with a metal locking chuck, the new
3/8” drill/driver features maximum bit retention and durability. In addition, the 2410-22 delivers up to 25% more torque and drills/fastens up to 35% faster than the competition.
“Up to 90% of the applications in HVAC, MRO, and woodworking involve screw driving
and small hole drilling. These users often carry a drill with them throughout the day that has a
capacity, weight, and size well in excess of their needs,” says Paul Fry, Director of M12 for Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation. “Without sacrificing necessary speed, power, or durability, the M12
Cordless 3/8” Drill/Driver is small enough for the user to carry in their tool belt throughout the day
to increase productivity and reduce fatigue while executing most common applications.”
With the introduction of the new 3/8” drill/driver and plans to grow the M12 cordless platform in
2009, Milwaukee® continues to expand its leadership position in the sub-compact category. The
M12 platform includes 11 tools offering innovative solutions in power, productivity, and portability.
Specs (2410-22)
• 0-1,500 RPM- high speed
• 0-400 RPM- low speed
• 250 in-lbs of torque
• 7-3/8/16” length
• 2.5 lbs
www.milwaukeetool.com
<<<<
Rittal UL Type 12 Network Enclosures Take IT
Beyond the Data Center
Ongoing technological advances in manufacturing operations and other modern industrial
applications are increasingly integrating IT-dependent processes, making the use of IT
equipment outside of the data center more and more prevalent. This requires enclosure
solutions that can meet the demands of both IT performance and industrial-grade protection.
The factory floor is a much different place than the data center, where great pains are
taken to control everything from heat and humidity to dust, dirt and other contaminants. Out
on the floor, demanding, sometimes-unpredictable ambient conditions are the rule and not
the exception. Forklifts, heavy machinery, airborne substances, personnel traffic and temperature swings are just some of the possible dangers encountered outside of the data
center, and even though IT equipment is placed at greater risk out on the plant floor, uptime
is still a primary concern and a non-negotiable requirement.
Building upon decades of experience in both industrial and IT modular enclosure solutions,
Rittal offers UL Type 12 rated TS8 enclosures that incorporate the best of both worlds—the
protection of our industrial enclosures and the flexibility and performance of our IT rack
enclosures. Rittal’s UL Type 12 network enclosures are compatible with a wide range of
both industrial and IT accessories including Rittal industrial cooling products such as filter
fans and air conditioners that can remove the heat necessary to keep installed IT equipment
up and running while maintaining the critical UL protection rating.
Rittal UL Type 12 network enclosures are designed with user-friendly details derived from
the real-world application challenges faced by both IT and industrial customers such as: infinitely depth-adjustable 19” rails with “U” markings that are plainly printed on the front
and rear surfaces of each rail, maximum internal-volume-for-footprint with a 3,200 lb load
capacity and multiple points for mounting, a number of toolless cable management options, and internal hinges and locking points for heightened security.
www.rittal-corp.com
35
PRODUCT FOCUS
>>>>
WAGO 4-Channel Electronic Circuit Breakers Program Trip
Characteristics and Current Monitoring
Three 4-channel Electronic Circuit Breakers have joined WAGO Corporation’s 787
Series Power Supply System. The DIN-rail mount 787-860, 787-861 and 787-862 Electronic Circuit Breakers each separately protect up to four current paths (up to 10A at
24VDC max each), while offering independent programming of appropriate channel- or circuit-specific ratings and trip times via free 759-860 Configuration software.
In the event of a fault or short circuit,
the Electronic Circuit Breakers can shut
down the tripped channel within 100ms.
Rather than halting the entire system,
power is maintained to other loads (e.g.,
to a PLC on one path and HMI on another). This prevents a system-wide shut
down, as well as possible data loss. Afterward, the tripped load may be remotely
reset via a control input.
Through free 759-860 Visualization
software (and available RS-232 cable) or
on-unit LCD, the 787 Series Electronic
Circuit Breakers provide independent
channel monitoring of voltage, current,
fault diagnostics and energy consumption. Additional Electronic Circuit Breaker
features include four current channels
w/delayed switching-in of channels
(250ms/channel), rugged metal housing,
LED status indication, signal outputs and
CAGE CLAMP® Spring Pressure Connection Technology for vibration- and
maintenance-free terminations.
The 787-861 Electronic Circuit Breaker
features an integrated short-circuit current limitation, which avoids overload of
upstream power supply units. This guarantees definite shutdown selectivity. The
787-860 and 787-862 do not feature
short-circuit current limitation; however,
they have adjustable trip times for quicker
responses than those of melting fuses or
traditional circuit breakers. Both units also
allow for current path monitoring (e.g.,
overload or short circuit), as well as power
consumption.
The Electronic Circuit Breaker modules
are optimized for advanced applications,
or those distributed over great distances.
The Electronic Circuit Breakers can be
used behind primary switch mode power
supply units with any overload or short
circuit behavior.
www.wago.us
36
<<<<
A Faster Way to Install High-Capacity
Poke-Thru Devices
Wiremold/Legrand offers a labor-saving way to install the
industry’s highest capacity poke-thru devices. Evolution™ Series poke-thru devices are designed to be installed in 6” or 8”
holes in the slab. Instead of core-drilling these holes after the
slab is poured, contractors can now take advantage of Evolution Pre-Pour Sleeves.
These PVC sleeves attach to the structural decking and
maintain a 6-1/8” or 8-1/8” cast-in hole. Each unit includes
three attachment legs, thumb screws, and end caps. After the
pour, the contractor simply removes the pre-pour sleeve and
installs the Evolution poke-thru device in the hole. The sleeve,
which is not a fire-classified product, must be removed. Laborintensive core drilling is eliminated, saving time and money on the job.
Evolution Series poke-thru devices are UL® fire classified to maintain the fire rating of the floor slab for up to two hours.
They not only afford more space for receptacles and activations, but they also allow the entire device to be recessed below
the finished floor level for maximum protection and longevity. The Evolution 8AT Series device provides up to four gangs of
power, communication, and/or A/V capability. The 6AT Series provides up to two-and-one-half gangs of power, communication, and/or A/V capability. The 6AT Series is also available as furniture feed device.
www.wiremold.com
37
PRODUCT FOCUS
>>>>
Breaking All The Rules! Hilti TE 1000-AVR Breaker
Performance and operator comfort come together with the new
Hilti TE 1000-AVR Breaker. Featuring the lowest vibration in its class, the TE 1000-AVR has the power for outstanding demolition
productivity yet offers the flexibility to reduce impact for precision work. For everything from demolition of concrete slabs to digging in clay to heavy floor tile removal, the TE 1000-AVR is the perfect choice.
With 16 foot-pounds of energy, the TE 1000-AVR provides a demolition impact unparalleled in its weight class, making it a truly
productive tool for a wide range of demolition applications. Even with all that power generated by the 1,600-watt motor, the TE
1000-AVR is built for long service life. An active cooling system reduces wear and tear, the three-chamber sealing helps keep dust
out of the tool and the innovative brushless SR motor eliminates the need to replace carbon brushes. The result is longer intervals between service and twice the expected tool life.
The productivity of the TE 1000-AVR goes beyond outstanding performance to include operator comfort. Utilizing Hilti’s AVR,
an advanced vibration reduction system, the TE 1000-AVR achieves the lowest vibration in its class, aiding operator comfort and
allowing the operator to be more productive by working longer. For precision work, the TE 1000-AVR’s Power Reduction Switch
cuts the impact by 30 percent to improve handling and control in sensitive applications.
The TE 1000-AVR’s flexibility for use in a variety of applications is due to its compatibility with an array of Hilti chisels. Pointed,
narrow, flat, tamping, spade — Hilti TE-SP self-sharpening chisels provide strong breaking power and are completely compatible
with the TE 1000-AVR. Also compatible is the new Hilti TE DRS-B Dust Removal System that reduces cleanup time and captures
fine dust for a better working environment.
From quality construction to amazing power, the Hilti TE 1000-AVR is built to provide long-term service under the most rugged
conditions. For added peace of mind, the TE 1000-AVR is also backed by Hilti Lifetime Service, a unique service agreement that
includes two years of no-cost coverage.
www.us.hilti.com
38
>>>>
New Sway bracing Products From ERICO®
Offer Easy Installation, Durability and
Convenience
ERICO® offers a new line of innovative products to help
make it easier to attach and install a wide range of sway bracing for seismic and other catastrophic events. These new
CADDY® products can be installed in a fraction of the time of
standard products and offer a variety of time- and cost-saving
features. Unique, one-size-fits-all designs lower inventory,
and long-lasting, corrosion-resistant finishes help ensure
these durable sway bracing products outperform the competition.
Additional benefits of the sway bracing products include:
* Fully compliant with NFPA® 13
* FM® Approved and UL® Listed
* Ideal for use with service pipe up to 10”
Structural Attachments Include:
* Bar Joist Adaptor
* I-Beam Adaptor
* Universal Structural Attachment/Multi Attachment
Longitudinal and Lateral Sway Braces Include:
* Easy Universal Sway Brace
* Standard Universal Sway Brace
Lateral Sway Braces Include:
* Quick Lateral Brace
* Quick Grip Lateral Brace
www.erico.com
39
Advertiser INDEX
This advertisers index is compiled as a courtesy to our readers. While every effort is made to provide a complete and accurate listing of companies, page numbers and
reader service numbers, the publisher is not responsible for errors.
Company
PG#
RS#
Company
ACOM TOOLS, LLC
ACR SYSTEMS
AEE SOLAR
AEMC INSTRUMENTS
ALBER CORPORATION
ALCAN CABLE
BYTE BROTHERS
CONEST
COPPER DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
DENT INSTRUMENTS
E.O. SCHWEITZER MFG.
EXTECH INSTRUMENTS
E-Z METER
GENERATOR INTERLOCK TECHNOLOGIES
GENSCO
HELUKABEL USA, INC.
HIOKI USA
HOTBEND
16
37, 39
15
IFC
IBC
1
12
13
27
30
32
5, 7
18
10
28
9
11
38
31
42, 45
13
1
2
4
30
12
19
37
38
7, 8
33
10
35
9
11
43
ICC
KRENZ & COMPANY
MEGGER
NORTHWEST LIGHTING SYSTEMS
PHASE-A-MATIC
POWER MONITORS, INC.
PROCYON2 MARKETING
RAM MOUNT
SINGLETOUCH
SOLARWORLD CALIFORNIA
SPERRY INSTRUMENTS
STEELMAN INDUSTRIES
STRIP-TEC
SUMMIT TECHNOLOGY, INC.
UNDERGROUND DEVICES
UNIVERSAL LIGHTING TECHNOLOGIES
UTILITY METALS
40
PG#
RS#
17
18
3
21
38
25
36
31
37
BC
19
16
33
4
23
29
40
14
34
5
16
44
18
40
20
41
3
15
32
39
6
17
36
46

Solar - EPS Magazine

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