Angutiup ânguanga Anguti`s Amulet

Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
Sananguasimajuk Cynthia Colosimo
Illustrated by Cynthia Colosimo
Inuttotitsisimajuk Sophie Tuglavina
Translated by Sophie Tuglavina
Allataumajuk • Written by The Central Coast of Labrador Archaeology Partnership
Greenland
Kidlinekh
Davis
Strait
Komaktorvik
Atlantic
Ocean
Naghvakh
Labrador
Labrador-iup
Sorviluit
Saglekh
Imatsuanga
Kangerdluksoak
Napartokh
Kivertlok
Labrador
Nuasornak
Sea
Nunaingoakh
Nain
Angutiup angigganga Adlaviup Kikittanginni
Anguti’s home on the Adlavik Islands
Hopedale
Postville
Arvertok
piulijaunengita inivinegik
the rescue place at Uivaluk
N
96 km
Nunait iningit unikkausimmit
places from the story
Makkovik
Rigolet
Inuit Nunangit mânna
present-day Labrador Inuit communities
Inuit nunaviningit
A.D. 1700-imit 1800-imut
Happy Valley - Goose Bay
Semigaup angigganga Aiviktomi
Semigak’s home at Aiviktok
some well-known Inuit villages,
A.D. 1700 - 1800
Nunanguak KikKânit Avanianilu Labrador-imi
Map of central and northern Labrador
Angutiup ânguanga • Anguti’s Amulet
Allataumajuk • Written by The Central Coast of Labrador Archaeology Partnership
Sananguasimajuk • Illustrated by Cynthia Colosimo Inuttotitsisimajuk • Translated by Sophie Tuglavina
2005
AB
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PE
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HU
IP
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MA
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Nakugijautlatut
Acknowledgements
KikKâni sitjagiangani Labrador-imi Itjasualiginnet kamagijaumajut
ilinniatuit ikajuttigetlutik Makkovimmi, Labrador-imi.
kamajiKalauttut Stephen Loring-imik (suliaKatik Arctic Studies
Center, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC) Leah Morine
Rosenmeier (taitsumani suliaKatiutillugu – Robert S. Peabody
Museum of Archaeology, Andover, MA, Brown University,
Providence, RI) IkajuttiKatsualaummijut Joan Andersen-imik
(suliaKaKattatluni White Elephant-imi, Makkovik, NL.) Tim
Borlase-millu (suliaKattiutillugu – Labrador Institute, Goose Bay,
NL.)
The Central Coast of Labrador Community Archaeology
Partnership is a cooperative research and educational venture with the
community of Makkovik, Labrador. The project was directed by
Dr. Stephen Loring (Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, DC) and Leah Morine Rosenmeier (then of the Robert
S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology, Andover, MA, and Brown
University, Providence, RI), and had invaluable guidance, support and
assistance from Joan Andersen (White Elephant Museum, Makkovik,
NL) and Tim Borlase (Labrador Institute/Labrador School Board,
Goose Bay, NL).
Pitsiagunnalaummata itjasuannitinni unikkausik
pigumatsualaummata ilinniatuit Makkovimmiut suliaKalauttuit
Adlavimmi ukua: Bernie Andersen, Eric Andersen, Erin Andersen,
Errol Andersen, Tracy Ann Evans, Julia Ford, Jillian Mitchell, Lena
Onalik, Susan Onalik, Catherine Rice, Amalia Tuglavina, Jason
Voisey; ukualu ilinniatonnik Phillips Academy, Andover MA, Sarah
Lansing Jeff Wessler-ilu.
The success of the fieldwork and the inspiration for this story came
from the enthusiasm and dedication of the terrific students from
Makkovik who worked at Long Tickle: Bernie Andersen, Eric
Andersen, Erin Andersen, Errol Andersen, Tracy Ann Evans, Julia
Ford, Jillian Mitchell, Lena Onalik, Susan Onalik, Catherine Rice,
Amalia Tuglavina, and Jason Voisey; and from Phillips Academy,
Andover, MA, Sarah Lansing and Jeff Wessler.
Tânna unikkausik sakKitigunnalauttavut itjasuannitinnilu asingillu
pikatautigilauttavut kenaujattigut ikajuttautluta ukunangat: Arctic
Studies Center, R.S.Peabody Museum of Archaeology, Brown
University, International Grenfell Association, Labrador East
Integrated School Board, Labrador Institute, Quebec-Labrador
Foundation, Labrador Inuit katitjuKatiget suliaKatiginnit
kenaujattatlutik Inuit Pathways-imit.
The publication of this book as well as the fieldwork and other
outreach activities were undertaken with the generous support from
the International Grenfell Association, the Arctic Studies Center, the
R. S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology, Brown University, the
Labrador School Board, the Labrador Institute, the Quebec-Labrador
Foundation, the Provincial Archaeology Office, and the Labrador
Inuit Association through the Pathways funding program.
NunaKatiget Makkovimmi ikajutsualaummijut Kanutuinnak
pigunnausimmitut, nigititsiKattatlutik Adlavimmi (nigittailititluta
pinitsiavininnik igagialinnik sunanikkiak) sunakulutuinnanik
pigumajattinik, sinittagiagumalimmatalu illisiavani nigitsiaKâtlutik.
Nakummegumajavut InutuKait ikajulaummâtigut Kaujimausimitut,
Katie Haye inuttotitsiKattatillugu InutuKait Kaigaimmata.
The community of Makkovik was helpful in every way imaginable,
from delivering fresh food to Long Tickle (and thereby staving off the
possibility of freeze-dried something-or-other) to accommodating
various odd field requests to welcoming the crew from away with
warm beds and delicious meals. We wish to thank the Elders for
sharing their knowledge with us and Katie Haye for translating
during their visit.
Unikkausik pitsiataugajalaungituk sanangualaungipat Cynthia
Colosimo. Pitsialaummâtigut âkKegiannitinni Kanuituinnak ilonnâni.
Nakugimmijavut Sophie Tuglavina inuttotitsilaummat
pitsiaKujilaummimat ilonnanga InuttotitsiKujitluni. Ilangit Inuttotut
tamasimajangit imminik pijâgilugani. Pitsiagasualauttavut
isumagitlugit inosuttuit inummagellu.
- S. Loring L.M. Rosenmeier-ilu
The look and feel of the book would not be the same without the
beautiful artwork of Cynthia Colosimo. Her good cheer made
surmounting the challenges of designing, editing, and illustrating at
five places at once easier. We are grateful to Sophie Tuglavina not only
for her expert translation of the text, but also for encouraging us
towards a truly complete Inuktitut translation. We strived to ensure
that the project was rooted in Makkovik and reflected the priorities
and interests of youth and adults alike.
-S. Loring and L. M. Rosenmeier
Kaujisautinga
Angutiup ânguanga unikkausiliangusimajuk Inuit itjasuattaumajunit
KikKagalangani Labrador-imi inuKasimatluni A.D. 1720-galammit
A.D. 1750-imut. Allataumalauttuk ilinniatunut suliaKalauttunut
itjasualigitlutik kamajuminut ikajuttautlutik.
Sulillagingikaluattilugu unikkausik malitsiagasulauttavut
naffâtaumajut atutlugit Kaujimausittigut Inuit piusituKaviningit.
Isumausingit mikijogaluattilugit maligatsangit atjigellagilaungitut.
Omajunnialagimmik angakkulittâtunik pillagiulauttut mikiningilli sollu
annugât âKitaumaningit sugusiullu pinguagusingit ilijaugasualauttut
unikkausimmi. kingullingit unikkausimmi Kaujisautiujut
aggataumalauttunik unikkausini ilingattigasuatlugit.
Unikkausik âkKitaumajuk itjasuattaumajutuinnaungituk,
allataumajunit akunintanit, unikkâgutausimajut atutlugillu. Morâviat
kamajingit tikisimalauttut Labrador-imut A.D. 1771-imigalak,
allasimaKattalauttut Inuit piusituKavininginnik
(piusituKavinimminillu) Labrador-imi taijauppalaijut – Periodical
Accounts.
Atuatsijut Labradorimiungugitut ikajosiKagajattut Kaujisautinginnit.
Labradorimit asinginnilu nunalituKanut, ukiuk
nigiugijautsuaKattasimajuk asingitolungituk nunalituKait. Inuit
piusituKangit itluatuinnatut ukiusiugiangit Kiujanatsuakut, aputikkut,
sikuttigullu âttanik senanik takKini jârimi. IsumaKavugut, Kiujanannik
piujuk. Annait kenanginni tatsangit tataminattut. Taikkua tatsait
annanut atullagiusimajut. Ullumi annait taimaittunik
pitaKaluKattagunnaitut. Kingullia Kaujisautiga, Inuttitotisimajavut,
inuit uKausituKangitut, Kaujisautigigasuamut ilinnianimmut
atugatsautillugillu.
Inuttitottut uKauset atuttaujut unikkausimi Kallunâtitut
unikkâgaluattilugu ukua: Aiviktok, Anânsiak, Ilitsiok, Kallunât,
Kamutik, Torngat, Udjuk, Uivaluk.
© 2005 âkKisutaumajuk ukununga/Published for the White Elephant
Museum, Makkovik, NL, the Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, DC, and the Robert S. Peabody Museum of
Archaeology, Andover, MA, by Eastern Woodland Publishing,
Millbrook First Nation, Truro, NS.
Introduction
Anguti’s Amulet is a story based on an Inuit archaeological site located
along the central coast of Labrador that was occupied sometime
between A.D. 1720 and A.D. 1750. It was written by the students who
worked at the site and the project staff. While the story is imagined,
every effort has been made to reflect what was learned from excavating
the site as well as what is known generally about Inuit life during this
time. Both the general ideas and the small details alike are deliberate.
This includes large concepts like the importance of hunting or the roles
of shaman as well as small details such as the adornment of clothing
and children’s games. The back section of the book tells about the
excavation and gives additional information on the relationship
between the story and the archaeological site.
The story is informed not only by the archaeology, but also by
historical documents and stories from the communities. When
Moravian missionaries settled in A.D. 1771, they recorded various
aspects of Inuit lives (along with their own) in Labrador in a series
called the Periodical Accounts Relating to the Mission of the Church of the
United Bretheren. The story of Anguti and Tukkekina being set adrift on
an ice pan is based on similar stories from the Periodical Accounts.
For readers who are not from Labrador some additional information
may be helpful. In Labrador as well as other northern places, winter is
generally not the dreaded time of year it might be elsewhere.
Traditional Inuit technology was extremely well suited to the vagaries of
cold, snow and ice that blanket the landscape for eight to ten months
of the year. Also, the lines drawn on the women’s faces may be
unfamiliar to some readers. These are facial tattoos that were a common
Inuit custom well into the 19th century. Finally, the book intentionally
gives prominence to Inuktitut, the Inuit language, for cultural and
teaching activities.
1
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
I
nosuttotillunga ilakka nunaKattiKalauttut
akkakukkanik ilanginnilu Kigittait akungani.
InosiKatsiagitlaKattatluta. Majugagiangit
Kikittait aliagitlaKattalauttaka
Kaujisaffigisongugitlugit kinakkut tikilimangâta
aullalimangâtalu. PuijinniaKattalaukKugut sikukkut,
oganniaKattatlutalu, uvilutsiusongutluta
ikâKattatlutalu kangitlumut tuttusiugiatlutalu.
Aujami Kisijanik tupitjejaiKattatluta pisuKattatluta
ailinnut Kangitluliatluta sitjagiattigut. Ilattinik
katiKatiKaKattalaukKugut, allât ilangani Kallunânik
takotiKattiKaKattatluta.
Taitsumanialuk, KaujigiulaukKunga
songuninganik Anânsiaga, uvattinik
nunaKattiKalauttuk tuKunninganut. Anânsiaga
ilisitsongunigâttaulauttuk. Angakosimajuvinik allât
silavut Kanuilingalâmangât Kaujisasovinik.
Torngaminut ikajuttausovinik Kinijannimini
omajunik. AtitâsimanniKânga Angutimik akkaganut
ilingattitlunga, anânsiama nalligitsuasimannimauk
inosuttoningani. Omagunnaigaluattilugu anânsiaga
uvannisainatuk, ikKaumausikka allât nipuniangitut.
Kallunât - people of European descent
anânsiak - grandmother
ilitsitsok - female shaman
torngat - a separate spiritual entity, one whom with a shaman
negotiates, appeals to, and or cajoles.
W
hen I was young my family lived during the winter
months with my father’s brother and his family on an
island off the coast. Usually life was good for us. I
loved to climb to the top of our hill where we could see great
distances and watch the ice. From here we kept track of people
coming and going along the coast. We hunted seals on the ice,
caught fish, gathered mussels and crossed the bay to the mainland
for caribou. In the summer, we would take our skin tents and travel
to the outer islands, back up into the bays, and along the coast.
Frequently, we gathered with our friends and families and sometimes
even encountered Kallunât from across the ocean.
In these early years, I learned the power of my anânsiak, who lived
with us until her passing. My grandmother, so it was said, was an
ilitsitsok. She was a woman who could converse with spirits and
predict the weather. She could call upon her torngat and make spirit
flights to find the animals. She named me Anguti after her brother
to whom she had been so attached in her youth. Though her body is
gone now, she is with me and my memories of her are as strong as
they have ever been.
3
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
I
ppinialaungilanga songuninganik Anânsiama
ukiulukkatsiutlaniagata kisiani inosuttonigani.
Nuluittulaungilangalonnet
puijinniasongugalualittilunga
omajunniatiullaginnangalu. SikuliaKitillugu
pittukatainnalaukKuk. PuijiKatsialaungilak
ukiatsâmat sikummetuKagalagaluattilugu
pijausagaittolaungilat. NiKittalivut
niKitsaigutisimalittilugit, Kullivut utsuKatsiagatillu,
KiujalaukKugut kâtlutalu taitsumani ukiumi.
SilakKiliumisinnamat, Anânsiaga
angiggamelaungituk torngaminut aisimannigami.
Tupagatta uKautjiutilaukKâtigut
silakKiligaluattilugu nangiannatulik. Anuginnik
sangukallasonik unikkausiKalauttuk. Atigiganut
ikajotitsakanik ulluni Kaijuni ilisisimalauttuk.
I
had not realized the strength of my anânsiak until the time of
the terrible winter in my youth. I was not yet a man, and
though I had killed small seals, I was still not considered a
hunter. With the coming of the ice, it seemed that the storms had
never stopped. There were few seals in the fall migration and now
those on the ice were scattered and wild. The meat caches were
empty and the lamps had little oil. We were cold and hungry that
winter.
anânsiak - grandmother
The evening before the last of the big storms finally cleared, my
anânsiak had one of her nights when she consulted with the spirits
and was not there with us in the house. When we woke, she warned
us that the clearing weather brought danger with it. She talked of
changing winds that could endanger the hunters on the ice. During
the night, she had carefully sewn several small amulets onto the
inside of my parka, so that some of her power might protect me in
the days to come.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
6
K
aummat silakKisinnalilaukKuk
illumettuaKâtluta. Anânsiavut
kamatsiaKujittisitilugogaluak
silakKiliaKilaukKuk ikumautitsatâgiaKalitluta
niKitsattâgumatlutalu. SilakKilimmat atâtaga
akkagalu sikuliagumatsualilauttok.
Maligumagaluamut naulaganik atjasitlunga
aigasualaukKunga takutigasuatlugit atuinnauniganik
omajunniaKataugiamut. keta maligunnalaungitakka
jârikiluatlalaugama, sikullu nangiannaluatlagalualu.
Allât Kimmivut nukiKatsialaungitut
kâsimagaluamut, Kaningitumillu
uniagiaKatlaguammata niKitsatâgajagutik.
T
anânsiak - grandmother
he next morning we were finally free of the storms that
had kept us in the houses for so long. Despite anânsiak’s
warning, my father and his brother were determined to get
out onto the ice. We needed fuel and food. I wanted to go along,
and had taken my harpoon from the house and brought it with me
to show them I was ready. But they would not let me join them
because they thought I was still too young and the ice was too
dangerous. Besides the dogs were very weak from hunger and might
have a long way to go before food was found.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
8
N
ajagalu takunnâlaukKuguk
pannailittilugit uKâlautinialitlunuk
sulâmmangânuk utikKâtinnagit.
“kâlikKungâ,” uKaniatluni najaga.
“Takunnâgiattulaullavut KakKamit,”
uKautilaukKaga isumajâtlunga puigomigajannitinnik
kânnivutinik akunilu utakKinitsavuttinik. Atâtaga
akkagalu, angijokka, pingasuit Katangutivullu
aullaniatlutik nunattinit.
KakKaup Kânganit takuminatsualauttut. Vogi
KângisimalaukKuk Kânganogunnatinnata
takujattugiattutluta. Takunnânialitlunuk ilavut
tugâlittilugit sinâmut Kimutsikut sukKaitumik
ingiggatlagaluatlutik.
Tukkekina takuvallaniatluni tâttumik sikumi.
“Takugit, puijikannâ? Angijualuk! UdjoKottuk”!
Nipiganittok atâtakkuka tusasongutlalaullit
Kaujimatlunga tusaniangininginnik.
“SulangalikKinok? KimmiKangilaguk,
KamutiKaganullu. Angutigunnangitavut.”
Kittaisiammagitlunga KuKuganialitlunga
Tukkekinaup saniganegaluatlunga. Pâllakatatlunuk
aggagasuanialitlunuk sikuliatlunuk
puijiliagasuatlunuk.
udjuk - bearded seal or square-flipper
kamutik - sled used for carrying supplies and people
T
ukkekina, my younger sister, and I watched as they left
and began to talk about what we would do until their
return.
“I’m so hungry,” she complained.
“Let’s go watch them from the top of the hill,” I urged, thinking it
would get our minds off our grumbling stomachs and the length of
the wait ahead of us. My father and his brother, along with my two
older brothers and three cousins, headed north and west from our
village.
The view from the top of the hill was a welcome sight. It had
been more than a week since we had been up to have a look at what
was happening. We watched the men make their way out to the ice
with the dogs moving slowly, but steadily.
Tukkekina, looking out to the south and east saw a large dark spot
out on the ice. “Look! Is that a seal? It’s so big! It must be an udjuk!
I wished that I could have reached my father and the other men
with my voice, but I knew that they would never hear me. “What
are we going to do? We have no dogs and no kamutik. There is no
way to reach them.” Excited, I was shouting at Tukkekina, who was
only a little ways from me. We stumbled down the hill and onto the
ice towards the distant seal.
Angutiup ânguanga
T
ikigunnatojâganuk tuavigasuagaluatlunuk
sikuttigut. NipaKaganuk
pisugasualilaukKuguk. Atâtakkuka
tutsiasimaKattalauttut omajunut
omajusongugasuamut. Nillianangalonnet
tutsialiaKilaukKunga pisunnitinni. Puijiugasugijavuk
angilitsualilauttuk Kanilliumigattigu.
Anugitsiulunginannuk Kanitusuamut
aigunnalaukKuguk. Angijullagiunialitluni.
Tataminnianialitlunuk udjuk pângutluni sikop
isuanut aigasuattilugu imânut. Ippinianialitlunuk
sinânga sikop matuttaumajuvinik sâttaunigami.
Angigaluamut immaKâ tuKugunnagajangitaga,
piggogasuanialitlunga ikKaigama Anânsiama
ilimajanginnik atigiganut. Tuavitlunga tosâtlaniatlugu.
Taffainak piniatlugu.
Naulaga Kungasinganut pulaniatluni
nusongiaKaniatlunuk. Puijik kaivaluanialittilugu
Kitjaluatluni, najagalu sakkuitailigasuanialitlunuk.
Akunigalaulittilugu nukKaniatluni. Aputimmik
tigusiniatlunuk auttiKâtlugu immitiniatlugu
nakutsamut niKitsatâgata. KaujimalaukKuguk
angiluatlaninganik uniagianga taimaitluni Tukkekina
Kisinganik uniagutitsatâkKujilauttuk utsumik
niKijamillu pitâttulugu unianialitlunuk.
Tukkekina pijugitsuajuk, “Tânna Kisijak
kamitsaliugatsatuinnak.”
Ippiniagalânialitlunga tâtsiliaKinninganik
anugitâgalânninganillu minguisinnitinni
nigigalânitinnilu.
Anguti’s Amulet
10
udjuk - bearded seal or square-flipper
T
he journey seemed endless. We hurried on in silence across
the broad white expanse of ice. There was a song that my
father said must be sung to the animal spirits if they were to
give the gift of their lives to the hunters. I sang in silence as we made
our way. The spot that we thought was a seal grew larger and larger,
and with the wind blowing on shore towards us we were able to come
up close behind it. It seemed huge.
To our astonishment the udjuk was barely moving, caught in a small
crevice in the ice. We realized that the seal must have become trapped
when the wind pushed close the crack he had been resting beside. It
seemed impossible that I would be able to kill it, but I found courage
in remembering the amulets that my anânsiak had sewn into my coat.
Moving quickly, I got close enough to strike. The moment came and
went, and the harpoon left my hand and landed.
The harpoon head went deep into the neck of the seal and our
struggle began. The seal writhed and twisted and my sister and I
worked tirelessly to hold onto the harpoon line. With my muscles on
fire, I pulled with a new-found strength. We both grimaced under the
strain. It was a long time before he gave into us. Melting ice in our
warm hands, we gave him fresh water in his mouth to thank him for
giving up his life to us. We knew the animal was too big to take home
with us. Tukkekina suggested using the skin as a sled, piling it high
with meat and blubber.
She said with pride, “This skin will make wonderful boots.”
I vaguely remember the lengthening shadows and a new scent of the
wind off the land as we stopped to eat and rest a short while.
11
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
I
ppinialaungilanga anugik sangusimanninga
puijinnianittini. kâtlagannuk
utsutomagallânialitlunuk. Nukkiumigannuk
anugimi aggunialitlunuk utigasuatlunuk ailimmut.
KuviasujutsaulaugaluakKunga niKitsaKalilaugata,
KisijatsaKatluta, anugâtsatâgunnatlutalu. Taimatok
omajunniatiunnigâttaulâlikKunga.
Utiggagasuatlunuk nangialiaKilaukKunga.
IppinialiaKilaukKunga Anânsiaga pitsiaKujijuk sollu
kamatsiajuk.
Sikuk atjiuniagani sivullitut. Tâttumik
takuniatlunga ippinialiaKiniatlunga sikuttigut
sâttaulittuguk.
W
e did not realize that the wind had changed during our
struggle with the seal. Ravenous, we treated ourselves
to thin slices of blubber. We took strength from the
food and then turned into the wind for the long trek back to the
island. I should have been happy. There would be food and skin for
everyone - an udjuk was of great use to us. Surely, I would be
thought of as a hunter now. But as we retraced our footsteps
following the way we came, I felt unsettled. I could feel my
anânsiak, but her presence gave me pause rather than the usual
comfort.
udjuk - bearded seal or square-flipper
anânsiak - grandmother
The ice looked a little strange in the distance. Slowly, a dark line
began to emerge running parallel to the hills on the horizon. As we
approached the line we saw that with the change in wind the ice had
broken free of the shore! We were adrift!
13
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
K
appiasugalalitlunuk mingututlunullu
nogialaukKuguk sikop isuanit.
Pigunnausittitut inginiatlunuk niKitta
sânganut anugitaugasuangimut. Nunavut
takunnâniatlugit Kaningilippaliajut
isumajâttailigasuatlunuk namut sâttaulimangânnuk,
asiunianisattinillonet. Sinisikasâlitlunuk Anânsiama
ânguanga tiguniatlugu isumajânialitlunga
Kaujimamangât nangiannatumejuguk.
Tupagannuk ullâkut imappisuamelilaukKuguk
sikutsuat akungani anugimut sâttauvalliatlunuk
pigiallaviKaganuk. SâttausimalaukKuguk pingasuni
ulluni unnunillu, udjuk niKitsatuagitlugu
Kiujatailigiutigitlugulu.
B
ewildered and exhausted, we backed away from the edge of the
ice pan. The best we could do was to crouch behind our sled of
skins and meat out of the wind. We watched the outline of the
familiar hills grow distant and tried not to think about where we were
going or whether we would survive. Falling into a restless sleep, I grasped
at my anânsiak’s amulet and wondered if she could see our danger.
anânsiak - grandmother
When we woke in the morning, we were at sea! Surrounded by ice
with the wind relentlessly pushing us offshore, there was nothing we
could do. We drifted on that piece of ice for three days and three nights,
the seal our only shelter and our only food.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
16
P
ingajuani ullumi Kaummat, takulaukKuguk
Kikittanik takulautsimangitattinik. Anugik
sangusimannimat sâttaulilaukKugut sikop
isuanut nunaliavigigunnatlugu sitjâgut.
“Uivalokkotuk, atâtta aivigiKattatangaukKotuk
Kallunât aullaivigiKatigimmait,” uKautiniatlugu
Tukkekina.
KiujatsualilaukKunga mingututlatlungalu,
tamannuk unianialimmitlugu Kisijak utsutalik
sitjamut sikuttigut. Kuatsâniatlunuk tusagannuk
Kalinguajunik Kimminik Kaningitoffalâjut.
Takuniagannuk tattaminiatlunuk Kanillininga
Kimutsituk. Tainna Kimutsituk
nukKatitsigasuaniatluni pâjaukkasâgannuk
puijittinillu nigittitailittisigasuatluni. Kimmiligitluni
pitosijatluni, ikkittilaukKâtiguk Kamutianut.
W
ith the dawn of the third day, we spied hills we had
never seen before. The wind that had been blowing off
the land had shifted to the north, and appeared to be
blowing our raft of ice towards a shelf of frozen ice that was attached
to the rocky shore.
“It must be Uivaluk, the place where father goes to trade with the
Kallunât,” I told Tukkekina.
Uivaluk - present-day Cape Harrison, NL
Kallunât - people of European descent
kamutik - sled used for carrying supplies and people
I had never been so cold and tired, but together we pulled the sled
of meat and blubber to the shore-fast ice. Suddenly, we were
surprised by the distant barking of dogs, and to our astonishment we
looked up to see a sled rapidly approaching. It was all the stranger
could do to keep his dogs from attacking us and the precious cargo
of skins and meat. Amidst his shouting at the dogs and the crack of
his whip, he lifted us onto his kamutik.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
18
T
upaniatlunuk illuvigammi takuniatlunuk
angutimmik atiKannigâjumik
Semigammik. Annanga Silpa Aiviktomiuk.
Nanunnianingani anuggaujausimajuviniummijok
ilatta silalukaviningatut. Anugâtsiagitolauttok
sapangalinnik Kallunâttajanilu pitâvininginnik
Kallunânit. Aupaluttaulauttuk jaikatsiavanga
sanniguaKatluni Kaumajutsuanik. Silpa sapanganik
atujuk siutimmigut tulimânganut takitigijunik.
Takulausimangilaguk tauttusialinnik annugânik.
W
Aiviktok - village at present day Eskimo Island, NL
Kallunât - people of European descent
e woke in a snow house to meet the stranger whose
name was Semigak. He and his wife, Silpa, were from
Aiviktok. Semigak had been out hunting bears when
he was caught in the same bad weather that had plagued our family
farther north. They wore fantastical clothes that were adorned with
beads and cloth from the Kallunât. His bright red coat with shiny
glass buttons was soft to the touch. Silpa wore colorful beads from
her ears that hung down past her shoulders. We had never seen such
brightness and variety.
19
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
M
inguisilaukKuguk akunigalak, siagugiak
Semigaup Silpaullu
angiggautiniattâtiguk Adlavimmut.
KujalitsuatuKalaukKuk angiggamut tikigannuk.
NigitsialaukKugut, angijukKâvut unikkâtuatillugit
unnuak nâtlugu. Atâtaga Semigallu Kaujiutilauttok
ilagennegik atâtsiamitigut. NigiutsualiaKilauttok
takotilânnegik ukiatsâmi Semigak nutânik
pitâsimalânninga Kallunânit taitsumani atâtaga
pitaKajutsautillugulu omajuit sauninginnit,
kigutinginnit, nigiutinginnilu.
Taitsumani unnuami Anânsiama naipilaukKânga
inillangalitilunga.
Sinisikasâlittilunga, attuilauttuk ânguaganik,
uKatluni, “KaujimainnalaukKunga
Kanuilaungitutik,” isitjugitluni uvannut.
W
e were several days recovering from our ordeal on the
ice. In time, Semigak and Silpa carried us home.
There was great joy at our homecoming. We feasted on meat from
the hunt and the older ones shared stories long into the night. My
father and Semigak realized that they were related through a
grandfather. They looked forward to travelling to see one another in
the fall, when Semigak would have new goods from the Kallunât
and my father would be able to supply him with baleen and ivory
from areas farther north.
The night we returned home, my anânsiak sat beside me.
anânsiak - grandmother
As I fell off to sleep, she bent over and touched my amulet. “I
always knew you were safe,” she whispered.
Itjasualigijut
Adlavimmi
Archaeology at
Long Tickle
23
Angutiup ânguanga
A
nguti inullagiusimangikaluatluni,
ânguavinilli pillagiusimajuk.
Unikkausik atuatainnatasi
allataumajuk atutlutik naffâtaumajunik
itjasuanitanik A.D. 1700-imit -A.D. 1800imut) Adlaviup Kikittangita sitjanginni
Labrador-imi. Itjasualiginnik
Kaujisagutausok inuit inivininginnik
piKutivininnilu atutlutik
Kimataumajuvininnik.
Anguti’s Amulet
Lena Onalik
kamatsiatluni
sakKititsijuk angijumik
apviviniup
saunivininganik
ukkuaviniup sânganit
Illop 3. Ujagait
sakKititaumajut
Kammavininganit,
niKinut
Kimatulliviniusimajut
(saumiani).
Jillian Mitchell
tigumiajuk
saunivininganik apviup
piKKâliavinimmik
illuvinimmit 2
ukuangata sânganit
sakKititaugemmat.
(talippianetuk)
Lena Onalik carefully
excavating a large piece
of whale bone from the
entranceway to House 3
(left). The boulders
shown form the wall of
a meat storage area,
called a cache.
Jillian Mitchell holds a
whale bone sled runner
from the House 2
entranceway after it is
fully excavated (right).
A
nguti may be imaginary, but his amulet isn’t. The story
you have just read is based on a real 18th century (A.D.
1700 – A.D. 1800) archaeological site located at Long
Tickle along the central coast of Labrador. Archaeology is the
practice of reading the story from the places where people lived in
the past and the artifacts they leave behind.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
24
Tânna
iniviniujângituk
iniviniugalautluni.
Ilanguattausimajut
illuvinik 1
unikkausimi
(takuguk pâgina 4,
6-ilu), atjinguanga
tâtsumaup.
Saumimmit
talippimut, Erin
Andersen, Jason
Voisey, Julia Ford
Kimiggujut
itjasualigikkâtlutik.
This may not look
like the remains of
a house, but it is.
The illustrations of
the house in the
story (see pages 2
and 4) are based on
House 1, pictured
here. Left to right,
Erin Andersen,
Jason Voisey and
Julia Ford admire
their work after
completing the
excavation.
S
anautet asingillu piKutigalait unikkausimi
takusimajasi naffâtaumajuvinet
itjasualiginnimini. Illuk unikkausimi
ilutsitâttaumajuk malitlutik itinivinimmit. Allâguk
allasimajuKaKattanikkuk inunnik sâttaumajuvininnik
sikuni Labrador-imi sollu Anguti Tikkekinalu
unikkausittini. Pâginait kingulingit Kaujisautillaget
itjasualiavinninik naffâtausimajuvininnillu.
T
he tools and other things that you read about
throughout the story are based on artifacts
uncovered at the site. The house in the story
is modeled on one that was excavated. There are even
historical accounts of people getting trapped on ice
pans and floating along the coast of Labrador just the
way Anguti and Tukkekina did in our story. The next
few pages of the book tell you a bit about the site and
what was found there.
25
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
Una atjinguak
Kanuilingalaumangât
inivinik
aggataukKâtinnagu.
Stephen Loring,
kamajinga, nikuvingajuk
ukuaviningata Illop 1
aujami 1999-imi.
TakugunnaKatit
Kammaviningit?
This is what the site
looked like before it was
excavated. Stephen
Loring, project codirector, stands in the
entranceway to House 1
in the summer of 1999.
Can you find the walls of
the houses?
ItjasualigijuKasimavuk unuttunik sitjagianginni
Labradoriup. Ilangit Inuit iniviningit, asingit
nunaviniusimajut inigijausimatlutillu iniKaKâsimajuit
Allait asingitalu. Unuttunik iniKaKâsimajuKavuk
Labrador-imi tausintinik jârini. Itjasuattaumajuit
Adlavimmi KaujisautiulaukKuk tukisitsiagutautlutik
Kanuk Inuit Kallunâllu inoKatigesimamangâta.
Kaujisagumalaugivugut Kanuk angitigilaumangâta
inivinet attutausimannimangâtalu ilonnatik sitamait
atautsikut.
There are archaeological sites all along the Labrador
Coast. Some of these sites are Inuit sites, others are the
old villages and places of the ancestors of the Innu and
other indigenous groups. There have been indigenous
people in Labrador for thousands of years.
The research at Long Tickle led to better
understandings of the relationships between the Inuit
and Europeans as well as the extent to which exchange
was important to both groups. We were also interested
in the size of the community and whether the four
houses we found were lived in at the same time.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
26
Atjinguak talippiani ittuviniup
Tuglaviup illuviningit Killinemmi
1908-imi. Illuvinet Adlavimmi
atjiviningit tâkkutunak. Inuit
illusuaviningit âkKitaumajuvinet
Kiujanattailititlugit
nâmmagijasimaniatlutik
Kiujanatsuani ukiuni takKini. Una
atjinguak atjiliuttausimajuvinik
S.K. Hutton, Moraviat
âniasiutiviningata.
The photograph to the right is a
picture of “old Tuglavi’s” houses in
Killinek in 1908. The houses at
Long Tickle would have been very
similar to these. Inuit sod houses
were designed to trap warm air and
served people very well during the
frigid winter months. This
photograph was taken by S.K.
Hutton, a Moravian doctor.
I
llusuavinet taimaittuit Adlavimmi ukiumi
attutaumajuvinet ukiatsâmi, upingasâmilu.
Aujami, inuit atuKattasimajuit Kisijanik tupinnik
uKinnisausimammata noligaimmata,
onalautlasimagatillu aujaulimmat.
IsumaKaven tainna ânguavinik naffâtaumajuk
kinaukkiap pivininga sullo Angutiup? ImmaKângai
ivalunga ânguatalivinik kittugasimajuvinik
kattattausimaniatluni naffâtauniagani 2 huntani
fiftinillu jârini kisiani?
I
nuit sod houses like those at Long Tickle were
winter houses, where people lived between late
fall and early spring. In the summer months,
people moved into skin tents that were easy to
transport when travelling and cooler in warmer
weather.
Do you think the amulet found at the site belonged
to someone like Anguti? Is it possible that the sinew
holding the amulet around his neck broke and that the
amulet fell to the ground, and remained there to be
found more than two hundred and fifty years later?
27
Angutiup ânguanga
The entire interior
of House 1 was
excavated. The
map on the next
page gives you
all the details.
Anitsivivininga Illop
1 pitaKalauttuk
10,000-inik
saunivininnnik!
Puijiviniup
sauniviningiuluasi
majut. Ununnisat
naffâlauttavut
piKutivinet
taffangat.
The trash area, or
midden, of House 1
had more than
10,000 animal bones
in it! They were
mostly seal bones.
The majority of the
artifacts were found
here as well.
Unnuttugalannik
naffâlaugivugut
ujaganik apviup
sauninginnilu
ukkuaviningata Illop
3. InutuKait
Makkovimmit
ippinialauttut
pitaKautiusimagasu
gitsitlutik niKinut
utsunullu.
Anguti’s Amulet
Ilonnanga iluanga Illop 1
aggatausimajuvinik.
Allanguattaumajuk kingulliani
pâginami Kaujisautik
Kanuilingasimamangât.
Silatânganit
Illop 2
Kaujisatsuala
ukKugut,
aggataullagis
imangikaluat
tilugu ilua.
Illuk 2•House 2
Illuk 1•House 1
Aupaluttamik
titigasimajut
itjasuattaumajut.
Red lines mark
excavation areas.
N
2m
Illuk 3•House 3
Illop 1
anitsivivininga•
House 1 midden
Illuk 4
KammaKalaungituk
siKiningani,
Illop 2
immaKâ
anitsivivininga•
tigujamajuvinik
House 2 midden
asianik illumik
sanagiasimmata.
Ammatauk inuvinet
taffani iniKasimajut
nigitsuaKattasimajut
uvilunnik
naffâlaugata
?
unuttualunnik
uvilluvininnik.
?
Illop 3
anitsivivininga
The exposed
surface rocks
in House 2 told
us a lot about
the house, even
though we did
not excavate
very much
inside it.
House 3 midden
Illuk 4•House 4
There was an unusual pile of boulders and whale bones in the entranceway of House 3.
The Elders from Makkovik recognized it as a storage area, or cache, for meat and blubber.
House 4 was missing the
grass sods from its east
wall, which may have
been taken to build one of
the walls of House 3. Also
the people who lived in
this house must have been
eating a lot of mussels,
because we found lots
and lots of shells.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
28
Illuk 1•House 1
sinit
tavik
raise
d sle
eping
platf
orm
MAP KEY
storage wall
floor slabs
alcove wall
lampstands
charred area
large
depression,
perhaps a
general
storage area
or meat
cache.
NALUNAIKKUTAK
natitsajak
Kulitalivinet
N
1m
pigiakKaivivinet
Kammavinigit
Kammavinittauk
ikisimajuvinik inivinik
Aggâtlutik suliaKattet pijaisimalauttut Kammanik
Kulavininginnilu katagasimajunik takutsiagasuamut
nitinginnik ujaganik sanâvininnik. Kângani nitingita
atjigengitunik takutsaKalagivut – inivininnik
atuttaumajunik Kanutuinnak.
angijuk inivinik, immaKâ
niKittalivinik, pigiakKavivinillonet
In excavating the houses, the crew removed the fallen
sod walls and roof to reveal the fine pavement-like
floor made of closely-fitted flat stone slabs. On top of
the stone floor area are a variety of different features, or
places where distinct activities took place.
29
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
Ukua piguttuit attutausimajuit Kullunut, asingillu niKât.
Cotton grass (above) was one plant used for the wicks of the
lamps, along with various kinds of moss.
Tânna tattuk utsumit kuvigaffiusimajuk Kullimit. Takutsauvuk nani Kullik iniKasimannimangât. Takugunnatait
tigukkuani talippiani illuviniup iniKasimajuvinik.
The dark staining in this image (above) is burnt fat that dripped off the sides of a lamp. It shows where a lampstand
was once located inside the house. You can see the lampstand in the lower left corner of the house map on the
previous page.
Illumiutait takugiangit
illinatsualauttut Kulliup iniviningit.
Kullivinet atullagiusimajut ilaget
piKutingini. Kiujanatsuami,
tâtlatillugu Labrador-imi Kullet
ikumautaulaukKut unatsigiutautlutillu.
Atullagiusimajut igannimi, aputinik
piKallujanilu autsetlutik
kiappalotigitlugillu. Annait ilonnatik
kamaKattasimajut Kullinik illumini.
Kullitalivinet ununningit
Kaujisautigilauttavut Katsinik illuit
inuKasimamangâta.
Among the most interesting of the
activity areas, or features, in the houses
are the lampstands. Soapstone lamps
were among a family’s most valuable
possessions. In the cold, dark Labrador
winters stone lamps provided light and
warmth. They were essential for
cooking, melting ice and snow, and
keeping warm. The woman of each
family in the house tended a lamp.
The number of lampstands gives us an
indication of how many families lived
together in each house.
Kijuvinet katagasimakKotut natimmut
KammaviniusimaKotlutik.
The wood planks (above) resting on the
house floor probably fell from the original
walls of the house.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
Piguttunik niKânillu atusimajut
ikititsitlutik utsunik puijinit
apvinillonet. Katsiuvat Kullitalivinet
Illumi 1? NaffagunnaKat
Kullitalivinik unikkausimi?
The lamps had wicks made of cotton
grass and moss, and burned oil
rendered from seal or whale blubber.
Can you tell how many lampstands
are in House 1? Can you find the
lampstand in the story?
InutuKait (saumianit talippiNut) Muriel Andersen,
Susie Onalik, Simeon Nochasallu tigumiajut
Kullivinimmik.
Elders (left to right) Muriel Andersen, Susie Onalik and
Simeon Nochasak hold a fragment of a soapstone lamp
found at the site.
10 cm
15 cm
Sananguatausimajut Kullivinimmit (Kullânettuk) onatsigiutimmit (talippianettuk) naffâtaumajunik malittigiutiKatlutik siKumisimajunik (tânnisat).
NaffâgunnaKatit piKutivinet unikkausimi? Aupaluttamik titigasimajut unikkausimejut Angutiup Tukkekinaullu pikatannegenni.
These illustrations show a soapstone lamp (left) and kettle (right) reconstructed from the broken pieces (the darker shaded sections) that were recovered from the
site. Do you recognize artifacts from the excavation in the story? The artifacts outlined in red throughout this section can be found somewhere in the story.
30
31
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
While the architecture of the houses at Long
Tickle tells us a lot about people’s lives, most of
the artifacts were recovered from outside the
houses in the trash areas. The trash areas, or
middens as archaeologists call them, were located
at the end of the entranceways to the houses.
Eric Anderseni sakKititsijuk apviviniup saunivininganik atuttaumajuviniutluni
Kamutennut saviviniup tigumiaffinganut (takutsak atâni talippimi).
Eric Andersen excavates a whale bone plank that served as raw material for a variety of
tools including sled runners and knife handles (shown below right).
Sanausiviningit illuit Adlavimmi Kaujisautillagiulauttut
Kanuk inosiKalaummangâta, piKutivinelli naffâlauttut
silatâni anitsivivininni. Anitsivivinet ukkuaviniup
isuanottausimajuvinet.
Illuk 1 Illuk 3-lu anitsiviviningit aggatausualagilauttut.
Saujausimajuvinet piKutivinigalait igitaumajuvinet
akungani 10,000-ini omajuit saunivininginni.
NaffâaukKugut tokkanik, piggâvininnik, uluvininnik,
illuvigaliugutinnik savitsuanik, utsivinimmik,
anuvininnilu, nuvuvininnik kajagait iputiviningita,
siKullusimajunik Kullivininnik, onatsigiutinillu.
PiKutivinet Kallunât nunaginnit (Fransimiuluat) sollu
sapangait, Katjusait, kikiat, sakkuvinet, siKullusimajuillu
maggavinet iviujat, maggagiallavinellu.
The House 1 and House 3 middens were
excavated extensively. Buried among more than
10,000 animal bones were artifacts that people
threw away. We found Inuit artifacts such as
harpoon heads, parts of sled runners, ulus
(women’s knives), snow knives, traces and toggles
for dog team harnesses, tips of kayak paddles, and
small fragments of soapstone lamps and kettles.
Artifacts that came from Europe (France in
particular) such as glass beads, iron fish hooks,
iron nails, lead shot, fragments of a large green
bottle, and ceramics were also present.
5 cm
Saunik tigumiaffivinik
savitsuatalivinik
illuvigaliutausimatluni.
NaffâgunnaKatit piKutivinet
unikkausimi?Aupaluttamik
titigasiamjut unikkausimejut
Angutiup Tukkekinaullu
pikatannegenni.
This bone handle fastened
with iron rivets would have
had a large iron blade and
been used as a snow knife.
Can you find any of these
artifacts in the story? Those
outlined in red are
somewhere in the adventure
of Anguti and Tukkekina.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
5 cm
2 cm
6 cm
We believe these artifacts may have been small toys
that would have been used to teach children about
adult tasks. The illustrated and photographed artifacts
above this caption were very very small, only
centimeters in size, even the beautifully-made harpoon
in the upper left corner. In the upper right corner is an
illustration of tiny soapstone kettles and lamps. One of
the lamps is shown in the photograph above left.
Above right (left to right) is a miniature harpoon head,
Anguti’s amulet, a bone pendant and another
punctated artifact that was unfamiliar to us.
This photo (right) shows what the midden profile of
House 1 looked like. By identifying the animal bones
archaeologists can determine a lot about the time of
year people lived at the site and also about their
livelihoods. Most of the bones at Long Tickle were from
seals, but there were also walrus, whale, polar bear, and
wolf. The layers accumulating over time provide clues
as to how many winters the houses were lived in.
32
IsumaKalaukKugut piKutivinet pinguangusimajut ilisautiutlutik
Kanuk inummaget pikatausinginnik. Titigattausimajut,
atjiliuttausimajut piKutivinet ungatâni mikijullaget, sentimeterinik
anginilet, allât naulavinik sanattausiasimajuk (talippiani). Kângani
talippiani titigattaumajuk mikijuk onatsigiutivinik Kullivinellu.
Ilangat Kullivinik atjiliuttaumajuk talippianettuk. Kulânillagiani
(saumianit talippimut) mikijuaggualuk naulanguak, Angutiup
ânguanga, saunivinik ujamik, sunavinikkiak pututtaumajuvinik
ilitaginnitavut.
3 cm
Una atjinguak (talippiani) anitsivivinik Illop 1 saniani.
Kimiggusiatlutik saunivininnik itjasualigijet Kaujisagunnatut
Kanga inuit iniKasimalaumangâta Kanullu pikatausiKanimangâa.
Saunigalait Adlavimmi puijiviniuluasimajut, aivivinimmik,
apvinimmik, nanummik, amaguvinimmilu
pitaKalaugaluammitlutik. Kaliget kativalliasimajuvinet akunigalak
Kaujisautiugunnalauttut Katsini jârinik illuit inuKalaummangâta.
33
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
I
nuit aiKattaliaggisimajut siKinittinut
tautseKattigiattutlutik Kallunânik siagugiallu
ivajagiatlutik Kallunât Kimasimajavininginnik
kikiatsajanik asinginnilu piKutigalannik angiggâjammata
Kallunât ukiumi. SiKinittinigiak, sollu Rigoletimi,
itjasualigijet naffâsimatlalaummijut Kallunât pivininginnik.
Kaujisautivut tamanna Inuit tautsiutiKasimajut
Kallunânik, Adlavimmiuli pitâKattatillugit inoKatimminit
(sollu Semigamit unikkausitinitut).
Itjasualigijet Kaujititsigalâsot. Ilangit
KaujisagiaKalauttavut ikKaumajunit Kaujimausinginilu
InutuKait allataumajunillu Morâviamiunut
Labradoriliasimajuvinet A.D. 1771-nigalammil.
anginilluasiangit
actual size
actual size
Itjasualigijet Kittaitlalauttut naffâmata maggavininnik
Kaujisautiulaummata Kanga sanajaunnimangâta,
Kaujisautigitlugillu Kanga inuit iniKalaumangâta.
Piunippaulauttut siKullusimajuit itjiliuttaumajut
Kulâni angijolauttut mikujotlu tillu Normandimit
maggavinet, jâringanigalak A.D. 1680-imit 1750mut.
Pullaujavinik titigattaumajuk talippiani
ânniasiutiKautiusimajut, Kanuittolaummangâlu
Normandy maggavinet pitângusimamangâta.
anginilluasiangit
4cm
2 cm
Amujop ukkuigutinga (atâni talippiani)
atjiulaungituk, illinatlatluni naffâgianga. Sakkuvinet
(KikKâni talippiani) ujamiliangusimajuvinet
(Kângani talippiani) Sapangaillu
mitsutauKattasimajuit annait amautinginnut.
The brass drawer knob (bottom left) was an odd, but wonderful artifact to find. Lead musket balls
(middle left) were shaped into decorative pendants (top left) and beads and usually sewn onto
women’s parkas, called amauti.
Archaeologists get very excited about ceramics
because their style, glaze and clay indicate when they
were made, and in this case give us a good idea of
when people lived at the site. For dating, the best
sherds from those pictured above are the large and
small grey sherds of Normandy stoneware and the tin
glazed sherds. These styles of Normandy stoneware
sherds date circa A.D. 1680 - 1750; the tin glazed
sherds date before A.D. 1750.
The illustration shown left is of a small and very
unusual ointment or apothecary jar that the very
small sherds of Normandy stoneware would have
come from. The shaded areas show the placement of
the sherds that were recovered in the excavation.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
34
D
uring the 18th century Inuit began to travel farther and
farther south to trade with Europeans and later to clean
European settlements of iron and other materials left
behind after people returned to Europe for the winter. At places
farther south, like Rigolet, archaeologists have found a surprising
quantity of European materials. This suggests that Inuit to the
south were trading directly with Europeans, while those at Long
Tickle were probably getting these materials through other Inuit
traders (like Semigak in our story).
Archaeology only tells us a small part of the story. For the rest we
must rely on the knowledge and memories of the Elders and
historical documents that begin to be created after the Moravians
settled in Labrador in A.D. 1771.
Julia Ford (saumiani) ottotiligijuk Kimiggusiagasuamut inillaginganik aiviup
niaKuvininganik aggataumajuvinimmik Illop 3 anitsivinganit.
7 cm
Itjasualigijut kenaujaKatsuagajauttut akilittauKattagutik 1 sensitut naffâgaigutik
kikiavininnik (talippiani). Kikiatsajait pigumajautsuasimajut atugiangit itlutolaummata
âkKigiangillu nuvuliangusongutlutillu naulatsautitlugit ululiagitlugillu.
Julia Ford (left)
measures to
determine the
placement of a
walrus skull she
excavated from the
House 3 midden.
The crew would be
rich if we had a
penny for every
iron nail that was
found (right). Iron
was useful because
it is relatively easy
to shape and holds
a sharp edge for
items such as
harpoons and ulus.
Titigattausimajut Kulâni angijugalak pullajavinik
sananguatausimajuk ilutsitâgasuatlugu. Pullaujak
England-imit pitâvinik 1720-galammi 1750-imilu.
The illustration above shows a large fragment of
glass drawn as part of its original bottle. The
bottle probably came from England and dates
between A.D. 1720 and A.D. 1750.
2cm
35
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
Kiatsaviusimajuk
sanannimi
piKutiminik
kikiatsajanit.
A fire area for
shaping tools
from iron and
lead.
NiKijait utsuilu
niKittalivinet
sanajausimaKattas
imajut ujagâunnit
apviup
sauniviniginnilu.
Meat and
blubber
cache made
of large
stones and
whale bone.
NALUNAIKKUTAK
MAP KEY
Nalunaikkutak talippiani anitsivivinimmi niKiKautivinimmilu Illop 3 saniani.
Atjinguak (Kulâni) apviup saunivininga aggatausimalauttuk ujagiat akkungani
Kammaliangusimatluni niKittaliviniup. Asinginnik naffâtuKalaugivuk angijugalannik
apviviniup saunivininginnik saniani iluanilu niKittaliviniup.
kulitalivinik
kijuk
apviup
saunivininga
natitsajak
The map to the right shows the midden (trash area) and meat cache (storage area)
from House 3. The photograph (above) shows the large whale bone vertebra that was
wedged in the rocks that form the wall of the cache. There were several other large
pieces of whale bone found near or within the cache.
lampstand
wood
whale bone
floor slab
N
1m
Togâ (titigataumajut talippiani) ilijamaKattasimajut takijumut
Kijummut puijinniagaimmata sollu atjinguattut saumiani. Naulaup
tigumiffia (atâni pâgina kingulliani) attutauinajuk siaggitailinnimut
amaiutsiunimmi.Tamakkua naffâtaulaungitut katingatlutik
atuttausimaKatigegalautlutik taitsumanitsuak.
10 cm
The harpoon heads (right) would have been hafted to a long
foreshaft for sealing as the photograph to the left shows. The
harpoon finger rest (bottom left of next page) prevented the hand
from slipping off frozen shafts and aided in aiming. None of the
harpoon heads, foreshaft, or finger rest was found together, but they
may well have been used together a long time ago.
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
2cm
2cm
Kajagiap
ipotivininga
(Kângani)
naffâumajuk
anitsiviani Illop 1.
Sannisausimajuk
atuttauKattatunik
ullumi. Saunet
sitinnisaumata
Kijunnik
itlualualauttut
atugiangit sikuttigut
imattigullu, inuit
atuKattasimajut sauninnik
nuvuani Kujuit
siKumisagaigasuangimut.
Unnutugalait
Makkovimmiut
isumaKalauttut
killatâttaumajuit
puijiviniup alligungit
(Kulâni) nuluajamut
uniagutitsautluni puijet
angiggaujaulimmata.
Tamakkua
Kaujisautigijavut
Adlavimmesimajuit
ukiatsâmi upingasâilonnet
imaKanningani.
36
Stephen Loring uKâKatilik Ivy Strangemore (saumiani) Joan Andersen (talippiani)
itjasuaviffiata saniani. Takugiatutuit nigiugijautsuaKattalauttut!
Stephen Loring talks with Ivy Strangemore (left) and Joan Andersen (right) at the site
about the day’s excavations. Visitors to Long Tickle were always most welcome!
Utsik (talippiani) anungillu (KikKâni talippinigiallu) atuttaumajuit
Kimutsiligaimmata, siammatailigiutigitlugillu.
A kayak paddle tip (top) was found in the midden of House 1. It
is a great deal thinner than the paddles people use today. Because
bone is harder than wood and more resilient to ice and other
debris in the water, people used bone tips like these to protect the
wooden edges of the paddle. Several community members in
Makkovik suggested that the holes in these seal jaws (above) show
where a line was thread through the jaw to tow the seals back to
camp. These finds raise the possibility that people were at Adlavik
some time in the fall or spring when the water was open.
The toggle (right) and dog traces (far right) were both used to
harness dog teams, and made untangling the lines between each
dog and sled easier.
2 cm
2 cm
37
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
1999
1999 suliaKaningit/field season. Kaivallatlutik
saumianit/clockwise from upper left: Amalia
Tuglavina, Errol Andersen, Bernie Andersen,
Stephen Loring, Leah Rosenmeier, Lena Onalik,
and Tracy Ann Evans.
2000 suliaKaningit/field season. Saumianit
talippimut/left to right: S. Loring, T. A. Evans,
Sarah Lansing, A. Tuglavina, B. Andersen, L.
Onalik, and L. Rosenmeier.
2001 suliaKaningit/field season. Saumianit
talippianut/left to right: Jeff Wessler, L.
Rosenmeier, T. A. Evans, B. Andersen,
2002
2000
2001
A. Tuglavina, L. Onalik, S. Lansing, Erin
Andersen, and S. Loring. Ilaungituk / Missing:
Catherine Rice.
2002 suliaKaningit/field season. Saumianit
talippianit/left to right: Julia Ford, L. Rosenmeier,
Jillian Mitchell, Jason Voisey, E. Andersen, and S.
Loring.
2003 suliaKaningit/field season. saumianit
talippianut/left to right: S. Loring, J. Mitchell, A.
Tuglavina, L. Onalik, and Susan Onalik.
Ilaungituk/Missing: J. Ford, J. Voisey, and L.
Rosenmeier.
2003
Angutiup ânguanga
Anguti’s Amulet
38
Bernie Andersen tigigannialu atittâtausimajuk “Gunther-imik”. Aujami 2001-imi tigiganniaKalaukKuk itiviKalauttut ujagiat akungani sanittini. Sollu
Kaujisagumalaummijut itsasuanitanik uvattitut.
Bernie Andersen and “Gunther” the fox. During the summer of 2001 there was a family of foxes that had a den in a group of boulders near the site. They seemed
to share our curiosity for learning about the past.
Itjasualigijet kamajiKatlutik Prâvinsiup suliaKaffinganit – Department of Tourism, Culture and Recration, ikajuttiKatlutik Prâvinsiup
PitaKautinginnit Neofulâmi Labrador-imilu, pitsiaKujitlutik itjasuattuligijinik piulitsisiaKujitlutik Kinguvatta Kimiggujatsagimmait.
Archaeological fieldwork is conducted under the auspices of the Provincial Archaeology Office, Department of Tourism, Culture and Recreation, which,
with the Provincial Museum of Newfoundland and Labrador, ensures that sites and collections are protected for future generations.
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