B HaYane 90-x ronos npomnoro cToneTm cno- YCTOG- CM
Transcription
B HaYane 90-x ronos npomnoro cToneTm cno- YCTOG- CM
P a c c ~ o ~ p e npoa s m e a ~ ~ o ~ a ~ n 3 u p o s a ncncTeM w 1 x ynpannesnn poccuiic~oru3neproo60pynosaurn. IIpenc~menblHanpaBneHwn c o q m e u m B o s a n n n n p o r p a ~ ~ n o - ~ e x u u ~ cpencm e c ~ u x aeToMaTmauaw. l l p n e e n e n b ~cseneann o norrnrnryro~yposne m o M a T n s a u n w 3 ~ e p r o 6 n o ~ o Is I. o ~ a a n 6 1nym coseprueucmsannn a n r o p n T M o s ynpaeneann n q y m y p ACY Tll tinomom n c T a H q n o n n o r o ypoaaeg 3 n e q o c ~ a ~ q uw Bcnnseii c s w e U r H H m C U C T ~ M ~ M H . ICnmsesble cnosa: cpencma a B T o M a m m u u n , ypoeenb a h o ~ a m i 3 a u n u ACY , TII, anropnTMt.1 ynpaaneurn, ~ H ~ ~ I V ~ ~ onepa~opcmii O K H , n ~ ~ e p @ e iTi ecn, n e n l l u n p a s n ~ r n . B H a Y a n e 90-x ronos npomnoro c T o n e T m cnom n c n n o n n d nwc6ana~cM e w T e o p e T n r e c K u M u a n p a K T u s e c K u M u p a 3 p a 6 0 T ~ a ~ awm o p a T M o s , sway, IIOmtOnOB K YlIPaBneHUlO KPJ'nHblMU e m o e c n m m o e pemetiue Bcex 3wa~a m r,iarmauuu, ~ m n t m m ~H la ~ 31iep106~10~;ot. ( B Poccm ~ a ~ cam^ u x erne H e 66~~10, a 3a p y 6 e m ~onu )me aHMX H a ~ H ~ P ~ W ~ J I O K ~TUBHO M H U C I I O J E 3 O W C b H a COTHIM ~ H ~ ! J T O ~ B B . H n P p M 3HePreTBqeCKWM 0 6 0 p y n o ~ a ~ nH e B03~ C O B P ~ M ~ H HCWCTeMbl ~I~ aBTOMaTU3aLUIW 3 H e p r O aBTOMaTU3aUHH. A H ~ J ~ o ~ o B 6~ nI o~ ~ a - 3m c o B o K y n H o c T b , c on~ofiCTOpOHbI, B03yc~poficmay n p a s n e H m H e ~ o r n Ba c w y pma npua- ~om~ocxefi, KoTopble n p e n o c ~ a B N l m T n e p e n o B b I e MOXHOCTIIMH CpenCl'B UUlTkiWIbHblX IIPUqUH 0 6 e c n e ' l u ~ bC K O J I ~ - J I U ~ YCTOGO YEiByIO pa60ly CnOXWbIX CUCTeM. C ~ ~ A CBbI'BiCnUTB~ n p o r p a ~ ~ ~ o - ~ e x ~ u scpenma, e c m e u, c npyroii WImpHTMOB KOHTPOnX U YIlpaBneHKX, ~ O B ~ A ~ H H ~ I X ~enbriofi T e x H u m , n p e n c T a r m e n n b l e K o M n n e K c a M w no y p o e H r npaxrusecmfi peannsauau, yc~ofirn~ofi u CM-ZM, CM-4, H e MOrnPi pemnn BeCb ~eo6xom- ~ @ ' $ ~ K T H B H pa6on1, o~~ HeYyBCTBHTeJIbHbKX Pi W a r R H M ~ IoP & e ~3ana~ynpasnennn B p e a n b a o M B p e n n e a u , p y ~ ~ u u x cKnU ~ M ~ W I ~ I ~ yM CmX ~ nmp e m M m na u n a n e m ~ o c ~ux b 6mna n a n e K a OT ~ p e 6 y e ~ o f .3 ~ e p m 6 0 p y n o s a r u l r r . Hn cman cosepuennan mM F ~ K ~ o I I ~ o U ~ C C OC ~ p eHn C~TIB~a TOJIbKo HaYUHUIU Ka, HU c a ~ b l f Ci O B € & X U ~ H H ~cnoco6 ~ YnpBBneHUII C a m csoe pa3sme H 6bmn n p e n c T a m e n b 1 K o H T p o n n e p a - no ce6e H e MOIW comarsarscosevmeHHvw ACY TII. MU P~MUKOHT u JIOMUHOHT nnn 061qux s a n a ~ynpasCpenc~sa~ B T O M ~ T U ~ ~ U Te~ymee UU. cocxonnwe n e H m U CUCTeMaMU H a 6a3e B-7 U B-9 nnn 39CP cpencm a m ~ a ~ a 3 a u xapamepn3ye~cn na amneHbrM (3nercrpnsec~arrr a c n C u c T e M b l perynnpo~anm)JIe- B3aUMHbIM IIPOHUKHOBeHUeM H n e f i , CTaHnapTOB, n0nHUrrrpanCKOrO MeT~JlJlHYeCKOrO3aBOna. C ~ U ~ C T B O B ~ XOnOB, J.UUpOK0 HCnOJIb3yeMblX KaK B npOMblmHeHJIM U ApJTUe p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ ~ L 4KoTopbIe, , OAHBKO, TaK U H e HOEaBTOMaTU3aUUU, TaK U B CMeXCHblX 06nac~xxTOX~ ~ I J I AOBeneHbI H EO B H e A p e H m . kI3-3a HenOBepW3 HHKM &i3HaHUfi. kI TaK KaK COBpeMeHHEU aBTOMaTU3aKOHTpOnnepaM HBXWUI O O B e H b YIlpaBneHuIl P e I U W um H e M M c n a M a 6e3 n p a M e H e H u n M m p o n p o q e c c o p CX H a CUCTeMW C T a K U a 3 b l B a e ~ o f xi ~ C T K O J~~~O T U K O ~ ~ HblX CUCTeM, CeTeBbIX T ~ X H O J T O ~ HCPenCTB ~~, KOMMY(YKT3, YKT3-M, YKTC) ww co6npancn npoem- HUKaUaH (U~l'e!J'$efica) YeJIOBeK - MaIIlUH& TO H ~ I M@ M B Bnne penefi~m cxerul. n p o n n m o s e H u e pemenuii a3 o6nac~uIT, Internet, Bc& 3 T 0 pa3~006pa3~e TeXHUKM 6bm0 HeCHCTeMn n a ~ ' $ o p ~ o ~ e 3 a ~ n cm a a~ H~ nxa p T o s crmoemca HUM, BCe CBI13U 6 b 1 n n IIPOBOAHbIMEi, ~ P O r p a M M U p O B a OYeBWnHblM U H ~ O ~ X O A U M ~ I M . H u e , n a n w w 06cnyrna~a~ue B M ~ ~ I B ~ Jnpo6ne~b1. IH lTep~oenomnenne c a c T e M n o m w o c b H a 3 n e ~ B ~ x o nu3 cnoxn~meficncmyauuu, K O T O P ~ ~BTpOCTaHUKSX B 60-x r O n W n p O l u n O r 0 BeKa. 3 T 0 HeYHOM H T O r e B b l p a E W I a C b B HI(3KOM YpOBHe aBTOMa6 b ~ U TaK Ha36IBaeMbIe YIIpaBNlIOWHe 3BM, KOTOTCi3aUUH ~ H ~ P T O ~ I I O K U O BAPYrOrO 3~eproo60pyno~apbIe IIpUMeHXJlHCb B OCHOBHOM H a A3C. P a 3 ~ P i T P i e HWR, B YaCTblX OCTaHOBaX H3-3a HLi3KOfi H ~ J I ~ X H O C T U MMKpOnpOUeCCOpOB P a C l l l n p w O 3TU CUCTeMbI noCpenCTB, o m u 6 o ~IlepCOHana, ~ H J IB IIpUMeHeHAN n p o r p a ~ ~ ~ o - ~ e x ~ u sKeocM~n nue Kxc o a , H a u e n e u - K a n b H M M n PLC ( n p o r p a ~ ~ n p y ne o~r n~q ~e cnm M n KOHT~OM~~~MH). Bmpoe KOMnneKCOB nOKoJleHHe IIpOrpaMMHO-TeXHHqeCKkiX (80-e m A b I XX B.) CBX3WO C IlOIIBiTeHH- e M nOKanbHbIX ~Wefi, n03BOnABIUPiX 06benUHUTb MU ~ B T O H O M H O0~6~p a 6 0 T ~ unilllHblX, H a n p U M e p , 3anar aeapuinom ynpamesun n p u e o n o M oneparopcrcom mep@efica, npyrux ~ 0 n 0 6 ~ 3ana9, b l ~ w c p e n c T s a 6 b 1 c ~ p o f i( ~ e e n H H b l e C p e n C T B a IIpOeKTUpOBaHUX U np. 3pa TaKUX H e e 5 MC) 0 6 p a 6 0 ~ ~ n auH H b l X , H ~ O ~ X O ~ W B M 9~a CI T~- , CWCTeM H e OKOHYeHa, U ~ ~ c o ~ K Y T H~ O o ~~UIAHCTBO HOCTH, npn peanu3auuu y n p a s n e H u n T y p G u ~ a ~ u . HMeloulHXCn H a P b I H K e nPOl?3aMMHO-TeXH119eCKBX B K a Y e c T s e u c T o r H m o B u n H no~pe6menefin a H KOMlIJIeKCOB (IITK) - n p e n C T a B U T e n U UMeHHO 3TOrO H ~ I XMOXHO u c n o n b 3 0 ~ a ~' 'bu ~ ~ e n n e K T y a n b w b ~ noe" IIOKOJleHUX. Bepx~efiT O Y K O ~P~a B U T U I I CHCTeM BTOn e s b l e yc'rpofic~ea. P O r O IIOKOneHUR MOXHO CYUTaTb CACTeMbl C KIIHC U C T ~OTKPblTa M ~ A n n B ~ ~ U M O ~ ~ ~ ~ CC BT HBeHl l -X e ~ ~ - c e p e e p ~a op fx iu T e ~ T y p o 8 . HAM MAPOM: 0 6 M e H n a H H b l M H MOXHO nPOU3BOAHTb Cnenymmee, T p e T b e , noxoneane - TaK ~ a m e a e - no IlpOTOKOnaM q c ( K J I u ~ H T A cep~ep),Modbus. M b l e web-enabled IITK, T.e. CHCTeMbI C p a C m U p e H H b 1 M 3 K 61850, M3K 60370-5-101 (4), DMP3.0. noMU W ~ ~ - B O ~ M O X H O C T ~ M0U6 .b 1 9 ~ 0 3 T 0 CACTeMbl C c n e n H u e no3~onnm U H T e r p n p o B a T b B enurlym cwc-reK I I u ~ H T - c ~ ~ B ~ ~~ P HX o ~U T ~ K T ~B~ KOTOPblX O ~ ~ , pOnb MY KaK ACY TII TMO ( ~ e n n o ~ e x a ~ ~060pyrec~u o n H o r o u3 M n e H T o B H r p a e T web-cep~ep,06ecne~u- n o s a ~ n e ~T)a ,K u ACY Tn 3 T 0 (3nempo~ex~uqe~ a m q upacurnpeswe i ACY TII 6namnapn ncnonb3o- CKUM O ~ O P Y I I O B ~ H U ~ M~) .P O T O K OM3K ~ 61850, noBBHUH) W ~ ~ - K ~ H ~ HBTOCHOBHOM O B NIX OpraHU3aUUU C T P O ~ H H ~HIaE6a3e E t h e I ' I I e t - ~ e x ~ ~ n ~ r A P i nocnen, n O n 0 n H H T e n b H b I X pa6o~uxMeCT O n e p a T H B H O r O U n U HSU pa3pa60T~a B 06nacm aBTOMaTU3aUMll o ~ c ~ ~ X U B ~ K I I I Inepcorrana. ~KI Web-enabled IITK ~ O ~ C T ~ H-U nU0 3~B O n n e T U C n O n b 3 0 B a T b B P a M K a S TO, B q a c T w o c T u , Telepenn XP-R u PCS7, n p u M e T3000 H a y p o B H e " u ~ ~ e n n e q a n b ~ bn~c Tx o"r H u K o s H n e M b l e A no H a c T o n m e e B p e M x B ~ a u ~ enpawme. fi n a H H b l X T e P M U H U b I M A K P O ~ P O U e C C O P H b I X 3aUIMT K CUCTeMaM ~ ~ T B & P T O T OIIOKOneHHX OTHOCXTCX (MU P3A), yc~pofic~sa ynpaenennn n q e i ~ o fui CUHweb-based CncTeMbI, c y ~ bKOTOP~IX 3 a m m ~ a e ~ cBn X ~ O H A ~ ~ nT uO ~~ e~f Ii ~Siprotec u 4 @ u p ~ "Siemens" b~ TOM, YTO Internet-~ex~onorun unu W ~ ~ - T ~ X H O ~ Oc T Ynnu I ~ H H ~ I Xnp0~3~0nu~eneG, nomepmusamuue npoee T ~ ~ X Y P O B H ~MB oOn Ee n b m ( y p o s m ~ un p e n c T a s n e - TOKOn M3K 61850. Hun, 0 6 p a 6 0 ~ PI ~~ ~ ~ H H ~ nBJlneTCX I X ) H e HancTpofi6 0 n b m O f i war snepen c n e n a H B o6nac~nnpoKO~a , O C H O B O ~ ~XnpOM , CUCTeMbl. ~ P P ~ M ~ P OCOBPeM r p a M M H o r o 0 6 e ~ n e Y e H U R .n p u m ~ a na p x u T e K T y p a u MeHHOrO YPOBHII pa3BHTUR ! ~ H @ O P M ~ U I ? O H H ~ TeXHOIX cnoc06 n p e n c T a s n e H w n n a H H b r x n o 3 ~ o n n mn~o n b 3 o n 0 r U f i B Pix IlpUJIOXeHUU K aBTOMaTH3aUUM TeXHOnOB a r e n m ( n ~ ~ e ~ e p y - p a ? p a 6 0 ~o ~ n eup a~Tyo ,p y , HarAYeCKWX IlPOUeCCOB MOXHO CqUTaTb CUCTeMY n a n s u K y , 0 6 c n y ~ u ~ a m q nepconany) e~y "06qa~bcn" SPPA-T3000, p a 3 p a 6 0 T a H H y m 4 u p ~ 0 f i "Siemens" C C U C T ~ M O %H a IIOHIITHOM, UHnHBHnY&UbHO n e r K 0 HaCTpaUBaeMOM X3bIKe. 300 6 q e H A e IIpOUCXOnUT 9e[I, 21. B COOTBeTCTBHH C T ~ & x ~ ~ o B H ( T~ p eB x% o ~~p y~c - pe3 web-6pay3ep. I l p w s e ~o n H o s p e M e H H o a napan~ 0 %MOLIenbH), ) SPPA-T3000 U M e W Y p O B e H b npen- n e n b H 0 M O W p a 6 0 ~ a T bp a 3 H b I e n O n b 3 0 B a T e n H , PCCTaBJleHHX n a H H b l X ( W I U ~ H T C K HRPYC), ~ YPOBeHb OTmamque c a M b l e p a 3 n m H b I e 3ana.r~.Bce 3m n o n b 3 o p a 6 0 T K H n a H H b l X (npyc IIpUKJIanHblX &lIrOpUTMOB U ~ m w wno c y m e c T s y O ~ I U ~ P ~ T cC OX ~ H U Mn p e n M e r o M n e p e p a 6 o ~ ~n ua u ~ b ~ ux )y p o s e H b n a H H b I x (npyc HH- ACY TII, p a 6 0 T a f O T C 0n~0irA TOG Xe U H @ O ~ M ~ U H p a ? p O 3 H e H H b I e KOHTpOJlnepbl B e f l U H y I 0 CUCTeMy, C03- pemeHnn naTb M o m m e CpencTBa - ~ O P M ~ U M O H H ~WCTO~HAKOB). IX HO U M e m T p a 3 ~ b 1 B i 3 r W H a 3TOT U p e n M e T Pi n o - p a 3 n a H H b I X ( K J ~ A ~ H T c K M ~HOMY ~ HHTepIlpeTUpylOT U H @ O ~ M ~ U U n p~ U ~ .3TOM n10CTPOATCX H a TaK Ha3blBaeMblX "TOHKAX" KIIUeH6 0 n o~n b 3~0 ~ a ~ e n mn p e n o c T a e m e T c n m e m o TOT Y ~ o B ~IlpenCTaBJIeHHX H ~ npyc) (Thin Clients). T ~ ~ ~ o BK ~~ THU MuYCTPORCT~ M BaM IIOMUMO B O ~ M O X H O C TC~ a~e~B O T O 0 6 ~ e H aY e p e 3 " B U ~ " CUCTeMbI, K ~ T O p b l f i e M y H y X e H . 6onee TOrO. n O n b 3 O B a E n b M O X W BpeMeHHO l l n H nJIX nOCTOnHH0- TCPIIP r0 Tax nBnneTcx Hanwque A e p x n B a m m e r o BblnonHeHue Internet-6pay3epa, nonJava-annne~o~ (npano- X ~ H H B k ~i p T y a J I b H ~ %J a ~ a - ~ a L l l ~ H b l ) . 0 6 p a 6 0 ~ ~( nnp y ~n p H K n a n H b I x anmpmn n e p e p a 6 o ~ ~nua ~ ~ bn~p exn c)T a s n e H YCTPO~~CT- YpOBeHb MOB HCnOnb30BaHAX ~ 0 6 p a T bCBOA i i ~ ~ nK"O, T O P ~ I B~ ~ xapamepy ero nenT e n b H o c T n . T ~ KaK K CucTeMa e n u H a M H e n e n m a , a B c e n a H H b I e ( ~ e K y m u e3 ~ a ~ e n~e pue M n enHbrx, npll~ a u 6 o n b m e fM i e p e cooTseTcTByeT IlUCaHHble UM C B O ~ ~ C T Bn P~O, e K I , pe3ynynbTaTbI aPXMBM- np.) BaMU n B y X THnOB: C e p B e p O M I I p P i n 0 ~ e H U f i U C e p B e - POBaHHn M POM aBTOMaTU3aUHU. IIpIlHUUnH&lbHO CyIUeCTBymT B CUCTeMe OnHH pa3. 3aUU!4, YTO O ~ ~ C I I ~ Y HB03MOXUOCTb B ~ ~ T ~ 0 6 p a CUC~ b nonasmrx. B SPPA-T3000 06ecnerusae~cnB nep~ y m o q e p e n b nonuan u H T e r p a w n B c e x ~ e o 6 x o n u ~ b 1 IIOnCUCTeM B enUHYK) I l P O V a M M H Y H ) CUCTeMY. He Cy- T e M y n 0 A KOHKpeTHYH) 3 a n a Y y , MUHAMH3PiPYX 3 a T p a - U e C T B y W KOMnOHeHTOB B H e enUHOM) n 0 J M UH@opMla- C ~ I U ~ C T Bp a~3 n~HTY H b I e B a p U a H T b l HCnOnHeHU5I KaK C e p B e p a I l p ~ n O X e ~ U fTaK i , H C e p B e p O B aBTOMaTU- ee B H e n p e H w e . Ha y p o B H e (npyce) T ~ HI a HeB03MOXHbl P a C X O X n e H U e K n t i Tepn UUU, B H e e n H H b l X nPMHUl?IlOB BHYTpeHHerO B3aUMOnaHHblx npencTaBneHb1 Bce ~ C T ~ O ~ ~BBOna-BbIBOAa C T B ~ A H ~ O ~ M ~ U-HYCTPO~~CTH B a CBI13A C O ~ ~ K T O (YCO). M K HPIM OTHOCIlTCIl U YCO, sxonnque B H o M e n K n a T y p y Simatic, n "wn~enJ I e K T y a n b H b l e " YCO CO BCTPOeHHblMU B03MOXHOCTII- co6ofi. 3 T a Anen. ~ a 3 s a ~ uECS@ e (embedded component A ~ ~ ~ C T KOMnOHeHTOB B M ~ MeXny uMemqan S e r v i c e s ) , nBnXeTCIl KpaeyTOJlbHblM KaMHeM XllTeKTYPbl YpOBHX CUCTeM B C ~ Eap- Y W B ~ ~ T O nOKOneHMIl TO U 06pa6or~uAaHHblX. UX A ~ b H e f i l Pa3BHTMeM u ~ ~ CPenCTB asToMaTA3aUAA (a 3TO,3HaqkiT, U TeXHUqeCKMX CPeaCTB, A I l p O r p a M M - IIaloT B TaKMX CHCTeMaX B OCHOBHOM KaK ACTOqHAK a ~ @ o p ~ a s n~no, ~ o pn m c n o n b y e ~ c nKaK B ynpasne- HOrO O ~ ~ C ~ ~ Y ~ TaK H M KaK I I , OHM HblHe H ~ o T ~ ~ ~ A MHUH ~ I (B ) OCHOBHOM B TeXHOJlOrAYeCKUX ~ ~ U I A T ~ TaK X), A mn n p e n c T a a n e a m o n e p a T o p y , apxaaepomnn n np. MOXHO CqPiTaTb I l p A M e H e H l l e ~ ~ C ~ ~ O B O TeXHO~ H ~ I X a norufi. OHM06ecneqa~K o H q e H T p I ? p o B a H H y m nepenas y u s @ o p ~ a u u uno p a n a o K a H a n a M , ~ o ~ o p anossom T a m e ItOsBJleHAe M e ~ y H a p O j I H O mC T a H A a p T a JIAT CyuleCTBeHHO CHH3HTb 3 a T p a T b I H a K a 6 e J I b H y m H a HaHHbIMA EIlX 3neKTpOTeXHUqeCKkiX YCTPO~~CTB I I p O ~ K n U E O ,MOHTaX, a TBKXC COKpaTHTb CPOKA BHC- p a 3 B F i ~ A e MHKpOnpOUeCCOpHbIX TepMUHanOB, (M3K 61850) CymecTBeHHo o6~e- npa6nn3unu cosnaaae npeHMX CMCTeM. n e f i c ~ B A ~ e n b HH0H T e ~ U P O B a H H b l XCACTeM Y n p a B n e - XOTXB YCnOBUflX 3JlehTPOCTaHUAU UCnOJlb30Bam e pWAOCBX3H pa3YMHO H e BCeTAa, H a T3u-25 Mocs~epro, H a n p H M e p , B ACY TII 3 H e p m 6 J I o K a T-250 M ~ peanusosanw I Wi-Fi (panao) n o c T y n K cacT e M e OT n e p e H o c H M x O n e p a T o p c K u x u u n m e H e p H b l x TepMAHWlOB. TO O K a 3 m O C b O%Hb yn06~0I l P H IIPOB e n e H a a H a n a n o q H b l x pa60~,06cnyxusa~wrA npoKPYTKU MeXaHA3MOB, p e a J l A 3 a U A H 3ana.I MeCTHOrO y n p a s n e H n n u np. IIpa ~ e o 6 x o n n ~ o cme ~ ac6opa HH@OPM~UHMOT naTYAKOB CyIUeCTBeHHO 6onee ~ @ @ ~ K T M B HPeIIIe~~M HAeM XBIlXeTCn KOHUeHTpaUUn A H @ O ~ M ~ U Ano U TeX- 3 T 0 H TMO. np006pa30~T ~ K OCACTeMb1 E nmACy Tn 3 T 0 ~ H ~ ~ I U ~ N9 ~ O3 K U O 4 T3u-27 B OAO "Moc3~epro". M ~ o r u e3aKa3qHKA cefi~8.c CTaBXT BOnpOC AACTaHUHOHHOrO Y n p a m e H U f l K O M M Y T ~ ~ A O H HannapaO~ ~ypofiqepe3 T e p M U H ~ b l 3 a l w TU TepMHHaJIbl Y n p a B JIeHYlll C U C I l O ~ b 3 0 B a H A e MCeTeBblX A H T ~ P @ ~ ~ ~ c oHa B. n e p s b l f i B3UlXn, 3 T 0 BbllXXnAT eCTeCTBeHH0. Benb TepMUHaJ no CYTA ~ a K 0 f ime KOHTPOnneP, KaK A JIlo6ofi npyrofi, ~ c n o n b 3 y e ~ b 1 Bf i ACY TII. 3 a s e ~nnon U T b npOBODHbIe CBXsFi, YCO A np., e C n H )oKe e C T b ~ a n e x ~ uu@posax an censb? Cnenye~,o s e a n n H o , BbInenPiTb nsa K p y r a s n e K - HOnOrHYeCKoMy, @ Y H K U U O H ~ ~ ~ H O MTePPATOPUaJIbY, n p n 3 ~ a ~TO y WHO A nnx panuora~ a n a c) nocnenymqel nepenaseii ee o m o s o n o K o H HOG U n U ~ e n ~ 0JIPiArtefi fi L l A @ p 0 ~ 0 f CBX3U. i npPi 3TOM H O M I? ~ AHOMY HUX eTCn TpOTeXHAYeCKHX YCTPO~~CTB:CBX3aHHbIX C TeXHOJlOI'UqeCKWM IIpOUeCCOM - B b l K J l l o Y a T e ~ WMeXaHU3MOB C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~HYXA IX (MCH), nbIMOCOCOB, BeHTAJlRTOPOB, H a c o c o B u np. - u csx3a~nbre c pacnpeneneHneM 3 a ~ e un 06ecne~nsae~c11 ~ B ~ I C O K ~~Aa n e m ~ o c noc~ b , 3JleKTpO3HeprAU, B TOM q M C n e H a C O ~ C T B ~ H H HYX~I~ TOBepHOCTb A CKOPOCTb I I e p e n a q U naHHbIX. nbr, - B b m n m y a T e n n ce~uafi,pacnpenyclpofic~ea a ~ ~ O H U K H O B ~ H MMKpOnpOIleCCOpOB A ~ H a BCe np. n e p s b l e YYaCTByIOT B TeXHOnOrAqeCKOM I I p O u e C YPOBHA CHCTeM Y n p a B n e H U l n p I l B O n I l T K IIOXWleHAlo Ce, a 3HWAT, M O T T nOCTaT09HO qaCTO BWIloqaTbCII A M H 0 r 0 0 6 p a 3 ~ n " P i H ~ e J l ~ e l r r y ~ b ~ IIOneBbIX bl~" YCTB b I K n l o ~ a T b C n ,MeHXTb H a v Y 3 K Y , P e X k i M . 3anaqa BTOP O ~ ~ C T BIlaT'IUKOB, , nPMBOnOB A LIP. C Y U ~ C T B ~ H Hp ~ b rIxM- 6e3a~apufi~oe 3 ~ e p r o c ~ a 6 x e ~nxe ep e b l x . pa3smen " n ~ ~ e n n e ~ ~ y a n u 3 a nuoanam"H o c T a n C 6 0 p K a 3 n e K T p u r e c K u x c x e M - n o c T a T o q H o p e n K o e C H U X e H A e CTOHMOCTR DPM YMeHblUeHAH r a 6 a p A ~ o B , ntmenue, a B 061ue~cnylae, ecnn arcnmqeabl u nOBblWeHAH Y C T O ~ ~ ~ U B O CKT H (PIKTOPIM BJlUIlHAIl OK- @YHKUUOHUPYH)T 3aUIIITb1, a 0 6 b l q H 0 OHM 8146 H pep y X a I O l U e % C p e n b l U M ~ K C H M ~ J ~C T ~ aHH nOa p~T~U 3 a q H A 3 e p ~ ~ p ynpyr m ~ npyra, ~cnonb3ynp a 3 n u y H b l e n o r t a perue~uiipa3~b1xn p o ~ 3 ~ o n u ~ e nno e f oi T H o l u e u u m K sa~ena,TO ~ a 6 n m n e ~ n3 ae ~ ~ ~ K T ~ U = I ~ Ccxe~ofi KO% A A H T ~ ~ @ ~ % Cc ~~ eMH T p ~ b H 0Yf aiC T b l o CUCTeM. y n p a s n e H u e em ~ a n o o n e p a ~ a ~ npouecc. ~ b ~ f i B cnyIIpa TOM B c e r n a 6yne-r C T O X T ~ 3 ~ a r apaquo- rae xe aaapaiiaoii ce-ryaunn 6 b 1 c ~ p o n e f i c ~ ~npoue ~ a n b ~ ocfTie n e H H neue~~panusaqnn @ Y H K I I A ~ ~ .Haueccos npamwiecau H e naik o n e p a T o p y r u a H c o s omIIpUMep, e C n H AMeeTCX " A H ~ e ~ n e K I ' y a ~ b ~ b ~n tp iA"3 a T b XOTb KaKOC-TO BnAXHRe H a AX XOn. BOn, TO me U ~ J I ~ C O O ~ Pa3MeCTHTb ~ ~ ~ H O anrOpUTM C ~ Y ~ T O3 M T O m P O n b AMCTaHUAOHHOrO I l n U aBT0(@YHKUIIH)) UHAUBAnYanbHOTO YnP2lBneHAII AM? Ha M a T u s e c K o r o y n p a m e H n n nnn ~ T H X~ B Y Xrpynn ~ C T n e p e b ~ f issmnn, 6nnme B c e r o K npusony - TaM, me P O ~ C T B p a 3 n u s H a . ~ O ~ T O M BY ~ e ~ y q e nf pi a m n K e p e a n u 3 y e T c x n c n o n H e H u e KoMaHn, me u M e e T c a s e c b y n p a s n e H n e MCH o c y u e c T B n n e T c n no n e y M KaHa~ a 6 o npr u l H b l x o COCTOXHUU H peana3ye~cn3 ~ @YHKa n a M : OT P3A ( a B a p A f i ~ 0 eno c o c T o n H n m MCH) a OT U U I . OAH~KO, CKOpee BCerO, no T o r 0 MOMeHTa, n O K a IITK TMO, B K n m r a n ~osneirc~sun rexHonoruqecKnx y n p a s n e H u e B pa3~b1xO T p a c n x x ( ~ H ~ P T ~ T HXIIMAU K~, s a m u T , ~ ~ O K H ~ O B OABP K , H np., a T a m e n n c T a H u a A np.) 6 y CTPOMTbCn ~ ~ no p a 3 H b I M IlPUHIlAIlaM, nOKa omoe o n e p a T u e H o e ynpamesse. q a u e B c e r o ~ T KaA H e 6 y n e ~n p a H s T enu~brfinna B c e x c T a H n a p T , 3 ~ y H a n b l YnpaBJleHAX He3aBUCUMbl (C B3akiMHbIM MUHA@YHKUUK, 6 y n y ~peWlPi30BblBaTb H a YPOBeHb Bblllle, M a n b H b l M O ~ M B H O M M H @ o ~ M ~ L I A ~q T~ O~ ) B, 0 6 u e ~ T a K KaK 3~0ro TpeGye~n a H H a n o T p a c n b , naaaax cuc- cnyqae n o s b I r u a a ~ a n e s ~ o yc n~p ab m e H u n PI " p a TeMa. s n 3 ~ y "O C H O B H ~ I X@ Y H K U U ~(ynpasne~se, ~ C B X ~ ~ H H O ~ 06mefi ~ e ~ n e ~ uPn~ ~e Bl H T H cXn c T e M aBToMaTu- c ~ex~onoraefi) M 06ecne~uBalo~1ux ( C B I I ~ ~ H H ~ cI X nonareii 3nelcrponu~a~un) @y~~uafi. 3aUNA H a 3JleKTPOCTaHUAIIX IIBJIXeTCX C03llaHYle MHO~ Y p O B H e B b l XKOMnneKCHblX CUCTeM. Ypoaeub a ~ ~ o ~ a ~ a 3 Oa m~ ewque . ~ ~ oco6e~b ~ e B nepeylo o q e p e n b TO cnnmwe c n c T e M ynpasne- HOCTH U XapaKTePACTMKU COBPeMeHHblX MAKPOIIPOHUE TennOMeXaHAqeCKMM A 3neKTlJOTeXHllqeCKMM UeCCOPHblX CPeHCTB YIIpaBneHMIl YXe B M P O l U A OCOO ~ O ~ ~ ~ O B ~HHp AM 3TOM ~ M .Y C T P O ~ ~ C TP3A B ~ BbICTy~ ~ H H T pO e T b e m A Y ~ T B ~ P T~O oK ~ oOJ T ~ H ACOBPCMeH~~, OKa3bIBaWTCX B e C b M a nPAeMneMbIMki UeHOBbIe IlOKa- rn nepn@epufiaoe0 6 0 p y n 0 B a H ~ i e( n a ~ r n wncnon, 0pram.1) no3~0nnnnB n o c n e n H e e necm- Hoe HmenbHble HonornYecKax n a p a M q o e , n o m e p m s e m e M reMy XBNnOCb BblnOnHeHkie AOCTaTOYHO XeCTKEfX HUE CHCT~MHOM OnepaTOpa ~pe6osa- EI IrrOP W H O M Y peI'ynMPOBaHAK) WCTOTbl; ~ O C C H ~ ~ 3CJ I K e w~o C ~ T a H u H f i y p O B W l aBTOMaTn3aunn. B n e p B y m o r e p e n b 3m KaCaeTcn H O B ~ I X3~epm06ecnereaue asTOMaTPi3kipOBaHHblX IIJ'CKa H nna~JIOKOB, OCHaIUeHHe KoTopblX ~ O J I H O M ~ C I I I T ~ ~ H ~ IHOBOrO MM OCTaliOBa ~ H ~ ~ ~ O ~ J I OaBT0MaTUWCKHM K O B JIeTAe nOCTUYb ACy Tn HblX Ha irpHHUnnH&lbHO 6a3e HOBOm NM COBpeMeHHblX MUKpOnpOUeCCOp- IIpOTpaMMHO-TeXHU9eCKHX yXe ~ nposenem n ~ n peKOMlUleKCOB n p a s m o M . Hapsny c 3 KoHCTpyKUuM C HCnOnb30BaHHeM MUKpOnpOUeCCOp- mano H ~ I XnTK c u c T e M K O H T P O ~ I( y n p a a n e H m (CKY) 60~1bUIorO YUCJIa K P p H b l X 3 ~ e p r 0 6 n 0 ~ 0 ~ . l l p n ~ e p ~B ononosme c n p a e B TO 6 b m a nomoM ~ C I I I T ~ ~~onepm3aunn H ~ CKY c peann3auneE Bcem o b e ~ @ a ~ H K U HKOHTPO~H ~~ n YnpaBnenm Ha 6a3e IITK n nonnoii 3 a ~ e ~ opanee E ucnonb3osa~UlHXCn CpenCTB B b I n O n H e H m naHHbIX @YE&. BTopan nonosntia p a 6 o ~no p e K o H c T p y K u n n CKY u3-3a K IlepBHYHOM)' y n p a B J I e H u e M I I p e 0 6 J I m a ~ ) I u n M ~ o J ~ ~ L U P ~ H C T B3TaOM n 0 B C COXpaHeHHeM 3a OIlepaTOpOM, KaK n p a B H n 0 . BbInOnHeHHX TOJlbKo KOOpAHHFipyloIUMX @YHKUH%, HeWBeTCTBeHHblX 0nepa~CifiU Y n p a B n e H m He3neKT P U @ U U U P O B ~ H H O ~apMaTYP0fi ~ (3Ta XaPaKTepUCTlWa H e OTHOCUTCS K PeKOHCTpYUPOBaHHbIM 3lrepm6~l0KaM C YaCTH'iHblM O ~ ~ & M OMMO ~ ~ P H H ~ ~ U U U ) ; npnHuunnanbHoe n 3 ~ e ~ e ~ xapanepa n e nefimBHG O n e p a m H o m nepcoeana, O C H O B H ~ I M A3anara~u m p o m T e n e p b BC& 6onbue I I B N I ~ T C X K o m p o n b 3a XOnOM aeToMaTH3EipOBaHHOm IIpOUeCCa C HCnOnb30BaHlleM B KaYeCTBe OCHOBHOm UHCTpYMeHTa TeXHO- nornrecw%H @ y ~ ~ ~ ~ n o n a (annapaTypa nb~ofi n anmce6s rarms~ym~ o n e p ~ n 3 a u n m saute , B c e m CBII~M- PnTMbI ACY Tn) CHrHUH3aUEiH BbItlOlIHeHne KOBaeMyIO C Y C T ~ H O B K OCHCTeM ~~ aBTOMaTEiSeCKoM peOpjltiHHpytOLLIPiX @YHKUM% W HeOTBeTCIgeHHblX O n e V n n p O B a H m qaCTOTbl n MOIUHOCTE (CAPYM) 3 H e p pauEiR (W peKOHCTpyMpOBaHHblX 3 H e p m 6 n o K o B C ro6nora, HO 0 6 ~ 9 o~x0~ a ~ b ~ ~ a m60nbmnii m y m 0th- s a c r n s a s m M o b e ~ ~ o o~n e p ~ m a w TO n KacaeTcn &M @ Y H K L I ~ o H B ~ ~ H3ma'l: ~~x IlOJlHylo PeKOHCTPYK~ o n b p~e xo n M a pa6ornx H ~ T ~ Y ~ O K ) . UWH) BBTOMaTIiqeCKUX peI'yJlXTopOB KOTna HnPl name n p H 'iaCTn'iH0fi MOnepHH3aUMM CKY 3~ep1-06~10 OrpaHnseHHOCTU @ M H ~ H C O B ~Cpe.4CTB ~X BKJIIO'iWa B 6 n o ~ aB u e n o M ; B H e n p e H n e H O B ~ I Xc n c r e M aBToMaTn- KOB CYlUeCTBeHHO OCJIOXHIIKfTCII A ~ ~ ~ c T B LOnepaTHBM secmro y n p a B n e H n n r o p e n m ( C A T ) B c o o T s e T - H o r o n e p c o H a n a , B b I H y m n e H n o m y n p a e n n T b npouecCTBEiU C COBPeMeHHblMH n p a B m a M M ~3pb1~06e30nac- COM YaCTUYHO C IIOMOIIIbfO COBpeMeHHOrO OnepaTOp~ o c r n non~slfi ; m n ~ ~ C T H T Hnepenon ~ I ~ H a noBaIe cmm u~repaefica( ~ m e o ~ o m p bMlb ,l m n , m a m a CpenCl'Ba peaJlFi3aUHll P ~ H @ O ~ M ~ ~ U O H H O - B ~ P ~ UTypa), C~H- Bne 0 6 b e M a Y ~ C T A ~ HMOnepO~~ H113aUHH 0 6 b 1 ~ O ~W0b l B B n l l C b nOACMCTeMa TeXHOnOr n r e c K u x samm H ~ B T O M ~ T H ~ ~npyrax W nnclcpmH ~ I Xonepaunii: y n p a B n e H u e 3anop~ofiap~arypoiin D n r a T e n r r M u ; ABP; n o r n r e c K n e nporpaMm.1, B TOM sncne noluaro~b~e, n np. A ~ a n n 360nb1110r0 rucna peanu3o~anmxn p o e l c - TenbHbIX @ y H K 4 i f i . TOB aBTOMaTU3aUUH KaK HOBblX, TaK A PeKOHCTPYHPO- ~ a a ~ b o3nepm6no~oe, c n p o ~ e d ~ n B~ mi iy p H a n a x " 3 n e q m e c ~ n ec ~ a ~ u n n(Ne " 1 3 a 2004 r., Ng 2 n 3 3 a 2009 r.) n "TenJI03~epre~Pi~a" (Nc 10 3a 2008 r.), a 'iaCTHqH0 - TpWUUUOHHOKl (KJIIOYEi, KHOn- npn6opb1, peIXCTpaTopb1). H C ? O ~ H O ~ Hname ~ % H~ b 1 6 o p p e X u M a pa6mb1 onepaTopa: " ~ E i L t X ' i ~ i i " npu ~ o J I H o M ~ c L I I T ~ ~ ACY H o ~ TII unn n o n e p e M e H H o "cn~rnCi"/"c~on~nii" - npw T p a KU, llOKa3blBWIUHe - nAUUOHHbIX CpenCTBaX. ~ M ~ O K K3BeCTHbl O OnaCeHNn B03HUKHOBeHUR ~ e p b e 3 H b npo6ne~ l~ npn " C K ~ ~ K O O ~ PB~HOM" nepexone onepampa OT T p a n n q n o H r i o r o luqrTa K COBPeMeHHOMY. O n b l ~nOKa3blBaeT, OnHaKO s ~ ~o T Hn p 0 6 n e M b 1 yna&cn npeononen B T e r e H u e a npo6ne~a"c~eman~oro" unTa O C T ~ ~ C IHI W n r O . Y K E ~ ~ H@mop, H ~ I ~ ~a T a K X e IlOKXWl B03MOXHOCTb jlOCTKKeHIIR H a P O C C U ~ ~ C K O M H M ~ I O I U H ~ CnX~ J l ~ X ~ ~ e n OnbIT b ~ b ~l % B ~ x ~ T ~ IpeI H 3HepreTHqeCKoM PblHKe YPOBHIl aBTOMaTU3aUllH, KoHCTpyKUHti CBWeTenbCTBylOT 0 U ~ ~ ~ C O O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o p o ~ l c o rcpora, o ~ a n Bo 'I&M ycqmammero 3apy6ex~o~y. 3 ~ KacaeT0 o c y m e c T n n e n m non~ofi ~onep~nsaunn. cn PI BHOBb BBOnUMblX 3 H e p ~ 6 n 0 K o B ,~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ H C T nB0 J OI y q e H H b I e pe3yJIbTaTbl tiCnOnb30BaHWl COBpen3 KOTOP~IXn p e n c r a m e T co6ofi ~ o s b l f nns i POCCU%MeHHblX ACY TII H a 6a3e MHKpOnpOUeCCOpHbIX IITK CKOm PblHKa T H n O ~ O P Y ~ T O B ~ H H InI a P O r a 3 0 B b I e Yman o 3 ~ o n r mHaMeTnTb ~ H a 6nnxafimee 6ynymee cneHOBKH [3 - 51, 11 PeKOHCTPYUPOBaHHblX TpeI4nUEiOHnymuym C T p a T e r u m a m ~ a ~ n 3 a w n . HblX 3 H e p ~ 0 6 1 1 0 ~C0IIOnHblM ~ [6 - 91 UIIU 'IaCTUYHblM 1. Bce BHOBb CTpOIlUUeCIl 3 H e p ~ 0 6 1 1 0 K UnOJlXHbl [lo - 121 O&&MOM MOnePHU38UUU. o c s a q a T b c x n o n ~ o ~ a c m ~ a 6 n bACY 1 ~ n Tn H a 6a3e B KWeCTBe XaparcTepulCTPiK nOCTFirHyTOm ypOBHn MHKpOnpOUeCCOpHbIX nTK U 6 b 1 ~ bOPHeHTHPOBaHaBTOMaTn3aUEiEi CJIenyeT B b l n e n t i T b B n e p B Y I 0 O r e - HbIMU H a O ~ O C H O B ~ H H M O ~ K c u M ~ J I S~OHB ~e H~ b~ BB- penb: TOMaTU3aWR. H 0 s b l e 3HepreTH'ieCKUe TeXHOnOrllN - B03MOXHOCTb 06ecneream IIOnHOCTbIO aBTOMa- )We 113BeCTHbIe KOTnbI C WPKYIIUPYH)lUUM KUIIIlUIWhI 06cymsae~m,HO n 0 K a H e OCyUeCTBn e ~ ~ra3n@n~aum m mepnom Tonnnsa, T o n b x o CO3pesamutne nneu - c c a M o r o H a s a n a n o n m H b l 6 b 1 ~ b THYeCKOrO Pi3MeHeHHX H W Y 3 K E i ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J( IK o~ KK OCJIOeM, B naBH0 Ta3OMa3YTHblX, TaK W I I b ~ l e ~ n b H b Cl COXpaHeHReM ~ ) HOPMaTHBHOm (B COOTBeTCTBHU C l ' p e 6 0 8 a H C D I M ~ 3a- B O ~ O B- n 3 m ~ o ~ n ~ e nTee xBH o n o r n r e c K o r o 06opynoOpMeHTMpOBaHSI H a UMeloUMeCn &iIIOCTOXHHO Baaus) K a r e c m n o m e p x a H n n ~ ~ y r p e 6 n o ~ T~e1x -. 1 ~pa3sneammnecx B a n n a p a T n o M n p o r p a ~ ~ n o - a n r o PrnMnqecKoh! Hanpasneawu B O ~ M Q X H O C ~coBpeMeHHblX C p e n C T B ACY T n . np.). VaMMU O A H ~ KBO-IlepBbIX, O, n&leKO He BCe OpTaHU3WUH - p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ 9ACY ~~~ UMeloT XOpO2. Anfl CyUeCTBylOUUX 3Hep~06n0KOBCO CPOKOM IlIYlo TeXHOJlOI'U4eCK~loOCHOBY ~ P O ~ ~ ~ O aT m K I- I ~aJIbHefiLUefi 3 ~ c n n y a ~ a u aBu TereHue 10- 15 neT PWTMwYeCKOro o6ecnere~ufl, TaK KaK 3neCb Tpe6yro~uenecoo6pa3~0 OCHaUeHUe I I o ~ H o M ~ c I I I T ~ ~ cnH ~HeI MnpocTo ~ onMmMe " w c ~ b ~ eTexHonorw, " a M U K p O ~ p O U e C C O p H b l M U ACy Tn. &JU 3TOM nnfl cnewanncm, xopomo noewMamqne npAauunb1 no3Hepr06n0~0~ C qaCTHqH0 PeKOHCTpYUPOBaHHblMU cTpoeHnn a r r r o p u ~ ~ynpaenenm o~ u memmwe ACY Tn H ~ O ~ X O ~ U ux M OHapaqwsaHue no nonaoTa~orHblk OnblT WX p a 3 p a 6 m U BHeApeHUR. M ~ C U T ~ ~ H ~a IWfl X , ~ J I O K O B ,UMeIOIUKX TOnbKO T p a B o - m p m , coreTanue ~031iu~amuutx~ a p y m e ~ u f i nMUUOHHble CpeACTBa, - peaJIU3WUX OnHO- UJTU K a W O r o H O ~ O U XBblneneHHbIX WnOB MOXff 6MTb ~ T ~ HM OOnRepHPl3aUUU no I I O ~ H O M ~ C C U T ~ACY ~ H O ~ ~pa3JIH'iHblM A BaPUaHTbI ~ O ~ I O ~ HHemTaTHblX ~ L X CUTn. npU pa3AeneHUU PeKOHCTpyKuUU H a 3Tanbl Bbr- qaunii Y a C m TpynHO npenc~a3ye~b1. M M ~ H H OB Ta60p Tuna IITK u TexHnrecKue pemeaun H a nepBoM K O m pona C y C u T X 06bmeo U B03HUcepbe3HbIe 3Tme pa6m nOnXHbl 6 b l ~ b 3apaHee OPAeHTUPOBaHbl Hapyrueuun TexuonorwsecKoro pexuMa, B HauxynH a BbElOJlHeHWe 3aKJIH19HTenbHOr0 3Tma. r u e M BapuanTe npnsomrwe K OcTaHoBy 3 ~ e p r o 6 n o ~ a T ~ W ~ H QPg3BHTRB HH YPOBHB BBTOMBTU3B~HH. anu ero qacTu. A m o p u m ~aemmamuuecmzo ~ ynpaemenun snepYq& TexHonoruqecmx o r p a ~ u s e ~ uHf i ~ Y H K ~x nonmeH 606113a~enbZO~~OK~M A Uo .c m r ~ y ~YpOBeHb ~ i i aBTOMaTW3aUHH B q u o ~ a n b ~ b~apylueaafi i pa3pa60~KU anropmMwrecm nepeym orepenb xapalrrepuyff TaK nmMsaeMMe ~ o f coc~asnnmqek IUTaTHble pe-61 pa60m ~ H ~ ~ I C I ~ J HI aOKKO~TO, Pble 06ecneqe~unCOBpeMeHHbIX ACY Tn B UenOM M U OpUeHTUpyeTCX pa!3pa60~~aaJIrOpHTMHreCKOKI CAF'YM B o c o 6 e u ~ o c ~onpenennlourefi u, ~ a K o kBax06ecnere~unACY TII. B neirmwenbeomu, oco- HefiIUUfi nOKa3aTenb pa60~bl aBTOMaTU3UpOBaHHOm T ~ ~ H nm H O HOBOrO TexHonoM~ecKom0 6 0 p y n o s a ~ m , 3ueproo60pynosa~m,K a K em @ ) ' H K ~ u o H ~ J ~ ~ H C ~XMByYeCTb, T.e. B03MOXHOCTb C O X P a H e H U f l CBOUX @YHKT a m e pexuMbI B nuana3oHe pa6orux ~ a r p y 3 0CO~ U U f i ~OJlHOCTblOHJlU WCTUYHO npU pa3nWIHbIX HapyCTaBJMIoT H e M e H e e 95% B p e M e H H 3KClJJlyZTaUUU, a me= B pa6me KaK TexHonorurecKoro 06opyno~aqACJlO UTaTHblX IlyCKOB U3 pa3nUqHbIX TenJIOBblX COHUN, TaK u nepu@epuiiawxy c ~ p o f i ACY c ~ ~ Tn. CTO~HE&, IInaHOBbIX U aBapAfiHb1~OCTaHOBOB - He a C O C T ~ B H OSaCTblO ~~ o6ecneMeHee 85 - 90%. B TaKux pexuMax nocne BbmonHe- HW n p 0 6 ~ 1 e ~flBJIXTC5I H m ~ p e 6 y e ~ o r0o6 5 e ~ HaJIaAKU a O C O ~ ~ np06ne~ IX y qeHm BCepeXUMUOCTk3 pa6m1.1 ACY TaK K a K OnepaTUBHOrO IlepCOHaJIa H e B03HUKaeT U KWeCTBO HaJIUqUe pa3~006p83HM~TUnOB TeXHOnOrUqeCKllX IlOLLgePXaHUIl TeXHOnOrWWCKHX nPOUeCCOB O C T ~ ~ T - orpn~ureuniicyruemeeHHo pacmwprrm c n e q 803MOXHbIX PeXUMOB 3KCIUIYZTaUUII 0 6 0 p y n o ~ m m a , cx nomamrHo BMCOKUM. X YCO C H O B H M ~IIp06neMbI H CnOEHOCTH BO3HUKaHT B B03HUKHOBeHUe ( P Y H K U U O H B ~ ~ H ~ ~ HapyIIIeH~ H e n r r a T H M x pemwMax, npu TexHonoruqecKux u noxHneT peanu3aunm (Pyu~uaGynpasnemn UMU. @ ~ H K I U I O H ~ ~ ~HapymeHmx. H~IX npn TexHonowqeB Haurux npoelrrax ACY TII n C A P W q y m b ~ x C K U X HaPyUleHUflX BO3HHKalOT OTJlUYUII P e X U M O B OT TPaAUqUOHHblX 3~epm6no~o 200, ~ 300, 500, m a m b l x , H a K o T o p M e 6bm OpnempoBm npoelrr aB800 MBT (a ux 6onee 40), ~ ~ c r m y a ~ u p y l Hoa~ c x m~am3auuu.npn pa6orux uarpy3~ax3T0 B nepBym npoTnxeHuu pnna neT, npou3senea ~ c e c ~ o p o ~ ~ u f i oqepem TexHonornrecKue OrpaHureHm, c ~ n 3 a ~ ~ b 1 yY e e ~TeXHOnOrUqeCKUX O ~ ~ H A Y ~U H@YHKUUOA ~ ~ c ucrepnaHseM nuanmonos perynupymIuux ~03nefi- ~ a n b ~ ~ba~pxy r u e ~ u 06mae fi. nonxonbl K yr&y TexC T B U ~U~ H3MeHeHHeM COCTaBa 06opynosanm (LWlee uonorwqecmx orpariuqe~nfi a @ ~ H K U U O H ~ ~ L . H ~uaIX 3 ~ npo6newa a paccMoTpeHa 6onee nonpo6wo). B nycpyILIeHUfi B CAPgM U OCHOBHbIe KaHaJIbI pe~JIUp0KOBblX OCTaHOBOqHbIX peXUMaX TeXHOJlOl'UqeCKUe B a H m 3Hepr06n0~0~ U3nOXeHbI B [13]U nOKa3aHbl Ha HaPYIUeHAfl BO3HUKaloT WIUe BCeIKl B CBI13H C Hempnc. 1. Heo6xonu~oO T M ~ T U T L , YTO B UenoM pflne TOBHOCTbH) IlnU HeynOBneTBOpUTeJIbHblMU XapaKTecrryraes pe~ou(PurypauunC T ~ Y K I ~ ~ HcxeM ~ I XK a H a PUCTUKBMU OTneJIbHblX TeXHOJlOlliYeCKUX Y u l O B , B nOB P e v J I U p O B a H m C Uenblo y Y e ~ aB03HHKUlWX HaPYOCHOBHOM AClTOJlb3YeMblX TOnbKO B 3TUX PeEUMaX U UeUUfi CBX3aHa C U3MeHeHUeM P U H a M H Y e C K U X novroMy He npoeepneMblx B nuanrworie pa6orux Ha- cB0fiCTB yYaCTKOB PeryJlUpOBaHWl U PWI o6ecnerevY30K. n0iI @ Y H K U I I O H ~ ~ ~ H ~ IH MaP MYUeHUIIMH nonun coxpaHeHun Karecma npoqecco~perynupoBarinx HuMamcn O T K ~ ~nepu@epafi~oro ~ I 0 6 0 p y ~ o ~ a u u n~pe6ymcflm u cnewanbHoe nocTpoeHue ncxon~oii ACY - naTYUKOB, IlpUBOnOB, apMaT)'pbl. c ~ p y m y p b( ~ B YacTHoCTn, nnn ocyurecTBneHwn TaK Ee3ycnos~0, B npouecce pa3pa60TKU npoeKTa ~a3breae~oii cxeMt.1 "nepe~opma"[14]), nnn amoACY TII ynennmcn onpenene~eoeBawMaHue ao3- nonclpofirca napaMeTpos H ~ C ~ O ~ K U . MOEHOCTW BO3HAKHOBeHWfl K a K TeXHOJlOrHqeCKNX O r Ecnu PaCCMOTpeTb COBpeMeHHylO C X e M y alWOMapaHUYeHUfi, TaK @ Y H K U W O H ~ ~ ~ HOTKa30B: ~IX P i OnUTuyecKoro perynupoBaHm c n o x u b ~Texuonornre~ HOqHbIe, H name HeKOTOpble K O M ~ U H U P O B ~ H HHa~ I ~ C K A M y3nOM ( ~ ~ T ~ T TpaKTOM ~ ~ ~ H MHOTOIIOTOYHO~ I M PYlUeHIlrr YqUTblBalOTCfl npn pa3pa6m~eaJIKlpUTMOB m KoTna; nonaqefi yrnn B O ~ O P Y ~ O B ~ HcxeWI~~ ynpasneHsn (pe~o~@urypaunn m p y ~ cxeM ~ ~ M x O npflMOrO ~ BnyBaHUn nbIJlU; COBMeCTHblM C m a pery,TXTOpOB,nOnOJlHUTeJlbHble BeTBU IUZWOBblX np0HUeM Ta3a U Ma3yTa U [14]),TO O C H O B H O ~ 6a30~, Tn noc- nw- A~H- Tn, m men, np. I I I 1 I I I I nanseme~mawmwwc6m.a k m m ~ s n p 8 m M OM~OYRMR ~ I ACP I -- - T-npl-u~w Pnc. 1. C~~ymypuam cxema opra~n3aunny g h T e m o n o m e c K l m o r p a H m e n n n H @ ~ H K U H O H B ~ ~napytoe~~ii H~~X B CAPqM pa6mb1 PeryTIXTOpOH COCTaBNleT H e 6onee 30% ero @ y ~ ~ u u o ~ a n bc o~noe pr xoa H u s , oueH H B a e M O m , H a n p P i M e p , no YUCJIJ' UCnOJlb3yeMbIX UIi-OpUTMUYeCKUX ~ J I O K O B .Bc&O C T U I b H O e (70 - 80%) BbIfi U I r O P I l T M @OPMYIPOB~HWI CUrHUIOB U3MeHeHUX c q y ~ ~ y pACP b ~ w n a p a M e T p o B ~acTpoRmee 3neMeHTOB H a OCHOBe ~ ~ eCOBOKYIIHOCTU fi BXO~HOE UH@O~M~UHM no TeXHOJIOrUYeCKAM OI'paHUYeHWIM E l ( P Y H K L I U O H ~ ~ ~HHa~PIYMI U e H m M naHHOlY3 TeXHOJlOMYeCKOrO y3na U aJKOpFfIMb1 y Y & a C@OPMIIPOB~HH~IX JlOrAYeCKHX ~ C ~ O B U ~ 3TO J l O M K a ,&TM pnna TeXHOnOMYeCKUX yrtJlOB CyIUeCTByeT HeKoTopEUl H ~ ~ ~ I T O Y H O YUCJIa C T ~ PevJlHPyIOuIEiX Op- MWbHO MOXeT 6b1~b JlE06b1~. OAHW mfl uenecoo6pa3~0U M e T b OIITEiMU3aUUU p a 6 0 ~ b l KOTJJa OnUHaKOByIO TeIUIOBylO HaI'pY3KY K a r n g o f i TOpenKU, U n03TOMY n O n O n H U T e j l b H 0 B O ~ A ~ % T B U ~ H Ma pa3HOCTb pacxonos m a u M a 3 y T a n o m e p x u B a e r c f l c m o m e m e na~nenufineyx BWOB TO-a nepen r o p e m a M a . T~KUM 06pa30~, n n f l nono6~1.1~T e x t i o n o r u s e cmx y w o u~M e I o T M e m o H e c m n b m clyneseir y s e ~ a orpanuseaufi. Ha nep~oiiu3 HUX, H a n p H M e p npn noT e p e B O ~ M O ~ O C Tynpasnesm U O ~ H U Mu3 K n a n a n o B , H u K a K o m ymep6a 3ana~epejnuposaum narpy3~u H e H a H o c m c x , a T e p n e T c n BO~MOXHOCTL. 06ecnereHWI 0 t I T U M U I b H 0 f i ~ @ @ ~ K T U B H O C TBeAeHUfl A PeXHMa. no OTHOIlIeHUH, K T P ~ ~ Y ~ M O RMn fYl U3MeHeHUfl H a l p y r t m i . Hanpu~ep,n n f l p e r y n n p o s a H m H ~ ~ I ~ S OT n u T a T e n b H o m yvla ~ p e 6 y e ~ C nf lo m e p x a H u e 3a- TO ~pe6yeTU3MeHeHUn CTPYIcrypbI ACP COOTBeTCTK BYIOIUeTO U TeXHOnOrYIYeCKOrO Y3JIa, HO HUKaK H e 8511111e~ H a pa6o~yCAP'IM. Ha cnenymueR c T y n e H n yeAaHHOlY3 P a C X O n a BOnbl no K a W O M y IIOTOKy U AJIS T a o r p a ~ u ~ e ~H ~ a nfp iu M , e p npu n e p e B o n e H a AMC3TOrO AOCTaTOYHO U M e T b M f l K a X n O m H 3 HUX pevT a H u u o H H o e ynpasnenue npyrom perynupymqero JIUpyIOuIHfi n U T a ~ 3 I b H b I f iK J I m a H (PnK). Aonon~n- manana, yxe ~ e o 6 x o n u ~npennpnunnnam o Mept.1, T e n m o e perynupymmee ~03neRmsue- npou3eonuCBX3aHHbIe C OI'paHHYeHFieM @ Y H K U H O H B ~ B03~H~IX TeJlbHOCTb OnHOrO I i n A nBYX IIUTaTenbHbIX ~ y p 6 0 ~ a -M O X H O C T C~A ~ m . cocos (nTH) - x m e T c x nnx p e r y n u p o s a H n n ~ a r p y 3 KpaRue B W e H flk BJIUnHUfl TeXHOJlOMYeCKUX KU U ~ ~ ~ I T O Y H ~B IOM~ A ~ % C T B U ~ HO M , WCIIOJIb3YeTCfl orpauuqeuufi u ( P Y H K U U O H ~ ~ ~ ~H a~ IpXy ~ u e ~Hua fpai M f l OIITUME13aIWU P e X U M a p a 6 0 T b 1 I l H T ~ e J l b H O K l 6 0 CAPYM ~ n p U BbInOJIHeHHU KMH ~ p e 6 0 B m U f i y3na c u e n b m , H a n p u M e p , nonnepxmm nepenana c T a H n a p T a C u c ~ e ~ ~onepampa om "HOPM~I yqacTun nasne~ufiH a ~ a ~ c u ~ a OTKP~ITOM n b ~ o PnK B (PYHK- ~ H ~ P T O ~ J I O KT3C O B B HOPMUPOBaH€IOM IIePBAYHOM II UUU OT H a v Y 3 K U . a s r o M a T E i q e c K o M BTOPHYHOM p e r y n n p o B a H u n Y a c T o raHOB H~CKOJI~KO no-UHOM~ o6c~omneno c 3anareir cor a a n M a 3 y T a . 3 n e c b nnx o6ecneqeam y n p a B n e a n n ~alpy3~0fi H~O~XO~RM 803O A ~ ~ ~ C T B OHBa ~PeryTIPIpyIorUUe T~ KJIallaHbI o6oux BU- Tbl n O B TOllJlHBa, HO COOTHOLUeHAe UX PaCXOAOB @OP- H e U M e e T MeCTa. n p 0 n B J l J l K I T ~ nOHM 06b1YH0 B T O - BMecTnoro C x u r a H m (HnP'I PI ABPY)". ~ T CUCTeMbl U IIpOXOEXT C e p l U - @ H K ~ U U O H H UCIIbITaHUfl, ~I~ HO npG&eMa B TOM, YTO B CrIeUUBnbHO IIO.ArOTaBnUBaeMbIX ACnblTaHUIIX 60316UIUHCTBO ~ a p y m e ~ nuf iorpasureuu%, x a K npanuno, uecce nnu~enbeofisKcnnyaTaqnn CAPYM H BOSHA- sanm - ~ex~onornsecmfi u @ y ~ ~ u n o ~ cnrm~oQ m,no 6onbmefi YacTn, HeoxnnanHo nnn nepcoaa- Hanu3auuefi. na. B o c c T ~ H o ! ~ nonnofi I ~ H ~ ~pa6omcnoco6~ocru ~ T ~ Xe, K KaK Pi Ann antOpUTMOB YIlpaBJIem, OCOCUCTeMbI M O X W noTpe60~al'bonpenen&HHol'OBpeMe- 6ym m o m wMeeT o p n e m m n onepampcmro HH,n B pnne cnyqaes Tame nannr~rtPeMonTnom ue~ep@eEcana neiic~sunB HemTmm c u ~ ~ a u m x . nepconana. B nepBym ovepenb 3m KacaeTcn c u r ~ a n u ~ a wKOu, Onepamusn~tKonmponb u ynpaanenua Cospe- ~ o p a nnonmna 06ecnevn~ancsoeBpeMeHHoe n ~ e o p MenHble n p o r p a ~ ~ n o - ~ e x ~ n s ecpencTsa c ~ u e sepx- Muposanne onepaTopoe 3 ~ e p m 6 n o ~Aa nexcypeoro X Hero ypoe~nACY Tll 06ecnevnsam~BO~MOXHOCTL nepconana ACY Tl7 o B O ~ H ~ K U I UTexnonorusecmx ~ ~ X u u c n o n b ~ o ~ a cpencrB ~ns onepampcKoro u~~ep@efica,orpanusenluor n + ~ H K U H O H ~ ~ HHapymeHunx ~o~ cnoco6e KX yvera. COOTBeTCTByIOUnX COBpeMeHHOMy YPOBHIO aBTOMa- n p o n 3 ~ e n e ~aLrroMmmecKu xapa~repa3ymulwxcpyHmno~anb~b~e T U ~ ~ U U TexHonornqecKux A npoueccoB. Knaccnqe- Pnn CO~UTUB, c m Monenb nefiasm onepaTopa slanmvam B ce6x Hapymenm, HanpnMep nepeeon Ha pywoe ynpasneB 3~epw6noTPW y p o ~ m06ecne~enmpeureHwr em @ymuno- Hue OCHOBHHX K ~ H ~ J I O PerynupoBaHun TexHanbHblX 3ana.I: HaBbIKU, YMeHUe, 3HaHHfl. Bb~co~anKa, ~ b r ~ o c m cnan yposeHb npenynpenu~enb~ofi fi B C B ~ cU ~nor006pacTenenb B B T O M ~ T U ~ ~ U U~xnonomvecKux U npouec- ~ o n o r n ~ e c mcnr~ann3aun~. COB,nonHombm IIOKPUBM n e k m m onepaTopa, KO- 3neM B03MOXHbIX HelUTLmlbIX ~UTyauEifiuenecoo6nnn KX anannsa cnewanbnmx TOpble BbInOJIHRnUCb Ha 6a3e HaBbIKOB, n 60nbUIyIO p a n o ncnonbso~a~ue BHneOrpaMM, T ~ ~ J I A)'IIPoIU~HH~IX U, CTPyKTypHbIX s a c n nefic~sufiHa 6a3e ynreem ( T ~KK aK o6e ~ T COU CTaBlIflmRlEie nOCTaTOVH0 IlpOCTO aBTOMaTR3HPYIUT- cxeM, a m o p m o ~6, n o ~ - c x ne ~p w m pemesufi. Nnmezpaqun ACY Tn. B U W O M H ~ O ~ X O ~ U M O ~ cn), BbmemaeT Ha nepsblfi nnaH UCK~CCTBOucnonbmupoKoe H nocTamsHo 6 p n o e Bnenpenue MHKPO3OBaHlC2 SH~HUP. OCHOBOB 3TUX 3HaHUfi flmeTCflAH@ O P M ~ reHepnpyeMM U~, CaMHM IITK npU rpaMOT- npoueccopHblx c p e n m amoMaTHqecmro ynpameH&C4 Ha P O C C U ~ ~ C K I ~T3C X HMeJlO H onpe~eJI&~~yIO HO BUnonHeHHoM npoeme ACY T n n npenocramean Ha BnneoMoHuTopax u 60nbmHx sqanax, a "06paTHyIo CToPOHY ena an^", 3aKJUOYaBnryloCflB nom rn Tame, 6e3ycnoe~0,Maaepcmo caMom onepampa flaneenu Ha M H O ~ XT3C p a 3 ~ 0 p o n ~ nTK, IIpaBIinbHO BOCnPHHflTb C@OPMBPOB~HHYH) UH@OP- 6 m o 06ycnome~oU~JIEJMp x n o ~@amopos: OcHweHueM sasona~ncBoero TexHonomsecKoMawm a npuHnTb Mepbl no ee ncnonb3o~a~um. K I 06opynosa~mKOMlUleKTHO TlOCTaBnfleMbIMH noB KaYeCTBe COBpeMeHHbIX B O ~ M O X H OHaCT~~~, IlpaBneHHblX Ha CYJIIeCTBeHHOe nOBblILIeHHe B TOeK- KUI~HHMH CncTeMaMu amMa~qecKomynpasnem HnA 06pa6mm E ~ H @ O ~ M ~ U U U (EIjlee JIOKmbHbIe Tax 6nuxatimux neT s @ @ e m s ~ o cnenTenbHocm ~n ACY); onepaTuBnom nepcoHana, cnenym na3saTb [ l , 21: CTpeMneHUeM TeXHOnOTHYeCKHX UeXOB T3C (KOTUCnOJIbZOBaHUe K J I H ~ H T - c ~ ~ B ~ ~CTPYKTj' H o ~ ~ PbI n a r y p 6 u ~ ~ o r 03nerrrpouexa, , xuMnsecKoro uexa H BepxHero ypoann ACY TII, no%sonnmmeirnpenclaanp.) ocHamaTb caoe 060pynosa~ne~au6onee@YKm b Ha nm6oB onepampc~oficTaHusu nm6ym socnpHHXIYl0 nTK TeKYLqYIO U PEl'POCneKTUBHyIo UI- UAOHUIbHO IIOAXOnfl1IIAMH JlOKanbHblMA ACy He 3a60Tfl~b0 B03MOXHOCTH MX UHTerpaUUU CO CpenCTBa4op~armmc B O ~ M O X H O C pa3rpannqeHnn ~~ npas MU 6a30~0fiACY T n 3Hepr06~10KaI i n U CTaHUAA B nocTynHa K uefi (slanm~annpasa KOHTPOM H ynpas- UWIOM; nesun) onepamnoro nepconana pa3~oroTexHonoCyUIeCTBymIWiM Ha MHOrnX 3neKTPOCTaHWflX IWICCKOM) Ha3HWeHm U YPOBWl OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH pmnenenweM Ha ACY Tll TMO s ACY TII 3T0, BUn p e BseneHwr ~ naponeii; IlOnHeHHHM game Bcero Ha 6a3e PaVlUYHblX IITK, C nepexon OT paHee n p u ~ e n a e ~ oXf&i C T K O ~H~ enn- pa3JIHYHbIM OnepaTOpCKEiM U H T ~ ~ @ ~ ~ (nepcne~C O M HOG Ha BeCb p o e m CTPyKT!fPbIBWneOrpaMM K ITpaK- TUBU annapa~nofiu n p o r p a ~ ~ ~emerpaunu ofi aTux TUYeCKA HeOt'paHUYeHHOMY UX qHCny U BOSMOXHO- IITK 06cymsanacs B pa3nene "Cpenc~samMaTuCTU C03AaHUfl C O ~ C T B ~ H H OCOCTaBa ~O BHAeOrpaMMHO- 3auUH" naH~0fiC T ~ T ~ H . ) ; m 06ecnwennn nnn cneuuanncTos, pa3nusm~nxcn H~YY&OM npa nposenenun KOHK~PCOB no Bb160@ Y H K U H O H ~ ~ H ~ HmHaqeHneM, IM ypoBHeM npoaec- py IIOCTaBLUHKOB IITK OTnenbHblX XperaTOB I4 YCTaCHOHZIJI~HO~~ IIO.4rOTOBKU A IIHYHUMW KaYeCTBaMU; HOBOK DeUIbHblX (a He 06eIUae~b1~) BO~MOXHOCT~~~ B O ~ M O X H O C T ~npencTaBneHnn Ha omofi Bnneo~ o r o;nu u ~ o r o~ I T Kno n ~ ~ e r p a h ucu n p y r u ~ ~ t'paMMe pa3~006pa3~0fi U H @ O ~ M ~ U H U~eo6xonu~ofi , nTK, HCnOJIb3yeMbIMU Ha naIiH0fi T3C. rn nau6onee ~ @ @ ~ K T A B H O npHHmm ~U u peanwsaPe3yJIbTaToM T ~ K pa3HOpOnHOCTU O ~ XBnfltOTCfl: UHU p e m e ~ ~ fHanPHMeP, i, @ P ~ T M ~ H T OTeXHOJIOTr(9eB peanH3aUnfl MeXKOHTPONIepHblX cBX3efi npaKEiC K O ~CXeMbl C OKHaMM YnpaBJIeHHfl H nHnUKaUUU, YeCKU nOnHOCTbI0 Ha IIpOBOnHOM ypOBHe; @YHKUUOH~~~H CX~eM ~ X anrOPUTMOB ynpaBJleHW4, ncnonbsoea~ueuu@posoro 06~eHaB OCHOBHOM a p a r ~ e ~ npo-rolcona ~os c ~ r ~ a n a 3 a u arpa@u~os a, ne- no OPC-KaHaJy H, KaK IIPaBUnO, TOnbKO Ann HaKOIIpexonnbIx npoueccos; neHm ~ ~ X U B HH HO@~ O~~ M ~ U U U ; pa3~006pa3~ble nUanOroBb1e BOSMOXHOCTU pa6oHiUU'iUe B OnepaTUBHOM KOHTYPe BWfieOMOHUTOTbI C OCHOBHblM RHCTPYMeHTOM ~ U C T P O ~ peaUp0O p o pa3~b1x ~ llTK c pa3nny~ofioprmusauuefi onepa- PBC.2. Y ~ p y n ~ e u ~c~pymypnan an cxeMa ACY TII T3C ~ o p c ~ on~~ep@efica, ro ocnoxmmqnx pa6o~yn npooprauummm nocqma Ha n106o~p a 6 o s e ~Meme BOUUPYIOWAX O U I U ~ K UB AeXTenbHOCTW OlIePaTUBHO- K TOE BH@OPMBLIUU U B03MOXHOCTU YTIpaBneHm "0 ro nepconana. TOMY O~OPYAOB~HWH) T3C, m p o e HaxODTCX B Tex~0Jl0r~'ie~KOfi OTBeTCTBeHHOCTU C0OTBeTCTByH)yIeI'O C y q h o ~3~0i-oOAHBM n3 ~ a x ~ e i l m nacnemB x nanb~efiureropa3sn~mACY TII Ha T3C xmeTcs onepaTmHoro p a 6 0 ~ H ~ ~ a ; YHH@WKB~UII (no BO~MOXHOCTU) TeXHIlYeCKHX PeUIecoxpaHeHne npoeonHoro 0 6 ~ e a aTOJMO nnr ~ n fno i ACY TII pmnquoro TexnonorusecKoro 060- (PY~~uufi, ~ p e 6 y m q mnosmmea~ofi~ a n e m o w un p y n o m m n nHTerpaw m x ACY TTI B ennuym ~brco~oro 6blc~poneiim~m (3aqm1.1, ManonnepwACY Tll T3C. OHHbIe KOHTYpbI P ~ ~ I I A P O B I U I H I I ) ; urnpoKoe ncnonb3o~a~ne npoTomna IEC 61850 B B Kaqecme OCHOBH~IXXapamepnwnK ~ a m f UHi CeTflX nepeJ(aqM AaHHblX Ha YPOBHe TepMEiHmOB pe~erpUpoBCIHH0fiACY T n CnenyeT B b m k i T % : ~ W H T n ynpasneHxn 3 n e m p n r e c ~ u o6opy~ peann3a~wmBcex pa6osm Mew onepaTueHoro nefi~b~x nepcoHana Ha coomexmymmeM nomy ynpaBneHm AOBaHkieM H IIPllMeHeHYIe ~ @ @ ~ H H B H ~ IYXC T P O ~ ~ C T B (3~epro6no~n; O ~ I ~ ~ ~ H W ~ YOCTC HIHO HBK ~n, I ~C M 3 H (lWlI030~)nnrr COennHeHHx ceTn IEC 61850 c YCTaHOBKII. uMemqne nowbl ynpasneem; c ~ a ~ q n o ~ ~ypob l f i 6a30Bb1~IITK ~00TBeT~~BylolUe~ Ha pnc. 2 npencTanneHa y t c p y n ~ e ~ ~CTPYKT~Pan BeHb) Ha OCHOBe Bepmero YpOBHIl 6 a 3 0 ~ 0IITK ~ ~ a r cxeMa r n o m a K nocrpoeHnm ACY TII T3C, B ACY TII naunoro o 6 a e ~ ynpaBneHm; ~a peann3aqnm Ha pavlmsb~xpa6orux MecTax one- onpenenemoii wenem xapamepn3ymqan peureann, PaTIiBHOrO IlepCOHana @a3Hble 3Hepro6JI0~~, YnpaB- ucnonmsamble Ham B npoemax HOBMX 3 n e q o nenne TMO n 3 T 0 n np.) no BO~MOXHOCTUonmiam- cTaH4nfi [3,5]. ACY TII T3C BlcnmqaeT B ce6m: B ~ I Xnnx 6na3~xx~ C H O B H ~ Ipeure~ufi X no onepmopCKOMY U H T ~ P $ ~ ~ ~( Cu YB ~ T OK ~H,a YtIpaBneHUfl H UHACY T n KamnOm 3HepID6noKa (Ha PMCyHKe nonDnHunnbI nocmoeHm neuaoxu~ecmfi m?a~i-%nenrn6no~). mumon.--r- ..~ ....,, coneamamlo .. . r . . . .. KaK . . . . . . r--.nnKauxM. . CTPYKlYPbI BIIAeOTpaMM, K J I ~ C C P ~ @ H K H ~cnoco6 IW JIepHb1E J'pOBeHb, TaK H ypOBeHb OlIepaTOpCKoIW UHnpenmamenm cnr~ann3annnu np.); ~ep@efica; O ~ ~ C I I W ~ 6nn3~nx HM~ n u ~ a ~ u ~ e xapamep~ic~nx ACY T n oTnenbHblx 0 6 m e m ~ o ~ ~BCIIOMOsrx CTUK OnepaTOpCKOrO n~~ep$efiCa BHe 3aBHCHMOCTn raTenbHbIX CKCTeM (OBC), HTIlMep ~eIGlI04Ei~auFiOT Tom, qepe3 KOHTpOnnepbI KaKEiX nTK OCyi4eCTBO H H O ~YCTaHOBKn ~ (TQ), I I U P K H ~ C O C H O ~ ~ ~03llfinne~cnc w b c O G ~ ~ K T Oy M npame~m; cTsa x n n ~ o r oTonnnea (m), o ~ r c p ~pacnpenym ~ ~ . , & A . ~ ~ ~ ~ -- m), cTp0fi~~Ba (OPY). ~ O ~ ~ W U H C TTBaOm YCTaHOBOK 38 IIOn BJIMHUeM BHerUHUX UH@POB~IX ceTefi CBX3b C ncKnmqeHueM xuMBonooqucTKu (XBO) He aMeer no- ACY TII nonxaa ocyUecTBnnTbcn qepe3 3 a q u ~ ~ b 1 e ~ O I I H H ~ IMecT X OnepaTuBHorO nepco~ana,u ux co6- y c ~ p o g c ~fire-wall sa (FW). meHHbre ACY T n orpaHnqenar ~ o n b KoHTponnep~o HUM YPOBUeM; ypoaeHb onepaTopcKom nn~ep@eiicaHaqanbHx1. Csudepcxuti A. I?, XepnenbX Hosble rexHnsecxne cpencTea KOB CMeH OTnenbHbIX UeXOB, a T-e BPeMeHHbIX II n m a ~ ~ o ~ a ~ u 3 oa buenmno e 3 ~ e p r e ~ n n-n .Tenno3uepreIIO(TTOIIHUb1X (XBO) pa6o~uxMeCT yIlpaRlIeHrn OBC; T E K q 2008,N? 10. 2. CeudepcK~liA.r, 6 r n e ~ x B. o A , , ~ U C K OB. B. ABTOMBTA~~: O ~ U ~ C T ~ H U U O HypOBeHb H ~ I ~ ~ )'IlpaBneHnX (oyy), llns poccnAcxom 3~epre~usecxom 060pyno~a~un: srepa, s~nmqamurniiB ce6n pa6ovee Memo HasanbHnKa cemnm, sasrpa. - 3 n e q n s e c w e cTaHunn, 2009,N?2. CMeHbI T3C Ha UeHTpaJIbHOM IttUTe YIlpaBJIeHWl 3. Ocnoenwe pemenm no noc.rpoeunm ACY Tll Cesepo-38(UUY),Ha KOTOPOM IlpeACTaBNleTCfl BCn o63op~an naxnoii T34 r. Canm-ne~ep6ypra1 KocTmn P. W., 6lmeuKO B. A,, YXMOBC. B. n np. - 3 n e q n s e c n n e cTasunw, ne@op~aqnnno pa6are T3C, a + m e KonTpomep, 2004,N? 1. peana3ymuuii @ynmrnn OY CAPYM n npyrue 4 . Onwm p a 3 p a 6 m n nuenpenm n o n n o ~ a c m ~ a 6 ~ACY oA @yn~qun, H~O~XOAUM .am ~ I ~06ecneqenan nenrenbTII 3uepm6nona IK'Y na T3U-27 OAO "Mocsnepm" 1KonHOCTN na~anbnmcacMeHu crawnn. COB A. R.,Cannepc~nii A. T., 6nnenm B. A. n np. - 3 n e ~ rpmecwe eraem, 2009,N?2. 0 6 m ~ ~op wnocnemue comannnmurne ACY TII 5. Onwm pa3pa6ann H snenpenua ACY l l W - 3 2 5kieauoe T3C o&enuruwrcn B ennHylo ACY TII OBC A O W CKOA TP3C I 6nnenm B. A,, q e p u o ~ m nW. 3., ApraT3C, uMemnyo c ~ 3 cn €I.~O=IHIJM~ ACY T n n Ha nos C. B. n np. - 3 n e q e s e c ~ n crasunn, e 2009,Ns 2. yposne KoHTponnepHbIx muH unn man ' ' a ~ r n ~ a ~ u 3 a - 6. ACY TI7 3uepm6nona 500 MBT Pe@ncRoli TP3C I Tpeqnn" (Automation Bus), a Ha yponHe man TepMuHaXOB n. n., 6 m e n m B. A,, ~ e p m H. r H. n np. - 3 n e ~ ~ p n q e c u e c r w n , 2002,N?5. nos. Becb o 6 ~ e nw ~ @ o p ~ a w eneo6xonnm1k ii, nnrr 7. Mdepnusayun ACY Trl suepro6n0~0s800 MBT 6epemspeann3auuu a n r o p s t ~ oynpamenun, ~ ocymecTmemir TP3C-I 1 6enuA B. B., Kncenes H).A,, C m m eTcn sepe3 c s n 3 ~KonTponnepHbIx man, a wcnonb3yeHOB B. A. n np. - 3nelrrpn9ec~ne m u w n , 2004,Ns 1. ~ b 1 knnX BblnOnHeHWI @ Y H K U H ~OnepaTOPCKOKI AH8. Aema~amusayun3nepm6noms T-250T34 Mocsnepm na ~ep@efica MOXeT 6b1~bOpraHA30BaH n0 CBfl3flM MeX6a3e nporpaMMHo-rexlutqecrmro KOmneKca SPPA-T3000I Tanbnepsna A. W., rpexoe n. n., 3axapems A. B. n np. Ay LUUHaMU O ~ O U XY P O B H ~ ~BIJ~OP ~. OnTIcMWIbHOm 3ne~rpnrecrnemanuen, 2009,N?2. pelueHun onpenenneTcn B nepBym oqepenb xapam9. Modep~waywrACY Tll3nepro6noms 800 MBT IIep~cmA PUCTUKaMU U U @ ~ O B O ~06~eHa O o6oux Y ~ O B MeXH ~ ~ TP3C 1 C ~ p y m A. s n., Yepno~3ae11.3..Hewnos K. A. u Ay CBff3bIBaeMbIMU nTK. ne 2009,N? 2. np. - 3 n e m p n ~ e c ~ cTanunn, B ACY TII T3C npenycMaTpasaeTca C B ~ Lc 10. Cucmaita anroMarnsecmm perynnposanna uaamm n MOUHOCTH nblne~0nbHbrX3Hepro6noKOB 500 MBT P~@UHCIW~~ 3HeprOCUCTeMHbIMU YCTPO~CTB~MII, KaK nnfl npUMrP3C I 6nneHKO B. A,, Tanbnepnna A. ki., MnuymeTAU KOMaHn aBTOMaTAYeCKOr0 BTOpUqHOrO PeIyJIUpOBUY 3.3. n np. - 3neqnqecnne C T ~ H U U R ,2009,N? 2. BaHUX qaCTOTb1 (ABPq), TaK U W IIepeAaYH AaHHblX 1 I. nonos U. B.. U d m ~0. M. I7031anaan ~ o n e p ~ n 3 a u nACY n MonnTopnHra 06 VacTuu T3C B penteHuu 3~epr0Tll 3~epm6noms200 MBT Xapauopc~otirP3C. - 3nexCACTeMHbIX 3anaq. O ~ ~ ~ A Ul uH U H ~TepMUHaJIOB H U ~ Tunqecxse cTawnu. 2009.N? 2. 06pa3yer eAnHyl0 UH@OPM~UUOHHYH) CeTb ACY T n 12. ~banmayun CKY kuepi6noxo~3 0 0 M B ~Wpu~nnnc~ofi TP3C K cosoeMennblM ~ o e 6 o ~ a n 3~cnnva~aunn nn~ I 6wenT3C. B qacTHocm, no 3~0iiceTu M O ~ nepenasam~ T KO B. A,, ~ ~ P H O M M.~3.,~ KB Y ~ H ~ U H.OA.BI( np. - 3ne~TpUCII TeK)'IWie 3HaYWm TeXHWKO-3KOHOMU'ieCKUX noqecxne cTaewn, 2009,Ns 2. mmenefi 3nepro6no~onc qenbm ncnonb3o~a~un Ha 13. Yvem B CAPYM 3~epro6noxosTexHonornsecxux orpaHuqeO W T3C m o m ~ n 3 a w paenpenenenus n narpyn ~ V H K U U O H ~ J ~ H ~ D~ Xv U I C H /~ ~~ ~M ~ ~ HB.KA,. O MenaMen A A., Mn~yuresnq3 3. n np. - ~ e n n o s ~ e ~ r e n i x a . 3OK MeXAy ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J I o~IH@o~M~L!F~oHH~R I C ~ M M . CeTb 2009,N? 10. ACY TII T3C n o m a 6bl~bC B X ~ ~c ACYn H ~ T3C, B TOM KMCne C OH@OPM~?L@~OHHO~ CeTbIO IlpeAIIpNRTAII. &n npenoxpaHeHnn ACY TII ar enpycoe u npyrnx H ~ ~ Y I I I ~ee H HHOpMaJIbHONl ~ @~HKWOH~~OB~HU~ nepcnenusbl rennosblx aenpomHqbiA Paapa6oma nblneyronbworo 3 ~ e p r o 6 n o m~a c y n e p ~ p ~ r w r e c ~ u e napaMerpb1 napa ~ o q ~ o c r b o 660 MBT L! " 3HEPrOCVICTEMbl H 3nEKTPM'iECKME CETM ii ~ F UIIOebllUeHUU ~@@BKIuBHOCTM 3nenpoce~eeoroKoMnneKca POCCUM i ABTOMATH3MPOBAHHblE CMCTEMbl Cosepwe~crsosa~ue aBTOMaTU3UPOBaHHblX CUCTeM ynpasneHw9 sneprervlrec~n~ o6opyflosa~ue~ 1 i - ~ 8 I i . o HOPMATMBHO-TEXHM~ECKOM AOKYMEHTAUMH 0 HOpMaTUBHOfi flOKyMeHTallUU B sne~~poa~epreru~e XPOHMKA HOBOCTM C u c r e ~ ~ o oneparopa ro . .
Similar documents
MHHlKnn EAMHMUB M3MepeHCIR: py6. no OKEM H a l l ~ e
2) ocyqecTsnReT ~ a ~ e p ~ a n b nTexnwecKoe
o
06ecneqen~eM ocnaqenwe 06pa30BaTenb~0r0npoqecca, 0 6 0 p y ~ o e a n ~n eo ~ e q e n n fBi
COOTBeTCTBMM C rOCYAaPCTBeHHblMM M MeCTHblMM HOPMaMM M T P...