B HaYane 90-x ronos npomnoro cToneTm cno- YCTOG- CM

B HaYane 90-x ronos npomnoro cToneTm cno- YCTOG- CM

P a c c ~ o ~ p e npoa s m e a ~ ~ o ~ a ~ n 3 u p o s a ncncTeM
w 1 x ynpannesnn poccuiic~oru3neproo60pynosaurn. IIpenc~menblHanpaBneHwn c o q m e u m B o s a n n n n p o r p a ~ ~ n o - ~ e x u u ~ cpencm
e c ~ u x aeToMaTmauaw. l l p n e e n e n b ~cseneann o norrnrnryro~yposne m o M a T n s a u n w 3 ~ e p r o 6 n o ~ o Is I. o ~ a a n 6 1nym coseprueucmsannn a n r o p n T M o s ynpaeneann n q y m y p ACY Tll tinomom n c T a H q n o n n o r o ypoaaeg
3 n e q o c ~ a ~ q uw Bcnnseii c s w e U r H H m C U C T ~ M ~ M H .
ICnmsesble cnosa: cpencma a B T o M a m m u u n , ypoeenb a h o ~ a m i 3 a u n u ACY
,
TII, anropnTMt.1 ynpaaneurn, ~ H ~ ~ I V ~ ~ onepa~opcmii
O K H ,
n ~ ~ e p @ e iTi ecn, n e n l l u n p a s n ~ r n .
B H a Y a n e 90-x ronos npomnoro c T o n e T m cnom n c n n o n n d nwc6ana~cM e w T e o p e T n r e c K u M u a
n p a K T u s e c K u M u p a 3 p a 6 0 T ~ a ~ awm o p a T M o s , sway,
IIOmtOnOB K YlIPaBneHUlO KPJ'nHblMU
e m o e c n m m o e pemetiue Bcex 3wa~a m
r,iarmauuu, ~ m n t m m ~H la ~
31iep106~10~;ot.
(
B Poccm
~ a ~ cam^
u x
erne H e 66~~10,
a 3a p y 6 e m ~onu )me aHMX H a
~ H ~ P ~ W ~ J I O K ~TUBHO
M H U C I I O J E 3 O W C b H a COTHIM ~ H ~ ! J T O ~ B B .
H n P p M 3HePreTBqeCKWM 0 6 0 p y n o ~ a ~ nH e B03~
C O B P ~ M ~ H HCWCTeMbl
~I~
aBTOMaTU3aLUIW 3 H e p r O aBTOMaTU3aUHH. A H ~ J ~ o ~ o B 6~ nI o~ ~ a
- 3m c o B o K y n H o c T b , c on~ofiCTOpOHbI, B03yc~poficmay n p a s n e H m H e ~ o r n Ba c w y pma npua- ~om~ocxefi,
KoTopble n p e n o c ~ a B N l m T n e p e n o B b I e
MOXHOCTIIMH CpenCl'B
UUlTkiWIbHblX IIPUqUH 0 6 e c n e ' l u ~ bC K O J I ~ - J I U ~ YCTOGO
YEiByIO pa60ly CnOXWbIX CUCTeM.
C ~ ~ A CBbI'BiCnUTB~
n p o r p a ~ ~ ~ o - ~ e x ~ u scpenma,
e c m e u, c npyroii WImpHTMOB KOHTPOnX U YIlpaBneHKX, ~ O B ~ A ~ H H ~ I X
~enbriofi T e x H u m , n p e n c T a r m e n n b l e K o M n n e K c a M w no y p o e H r npaxrusecmfi peannsauau, yc~ofirn~ofi
u
CM-ZM, CM-4, H e MOrnPi pemnn BeCb ~eo6xom- ~ @ ' $ ~ K T H B H pa6on1,
o~~
HeYyBCTBHTeJIbHbKX Pi W a r R H M ~ IoP & e ~3ana~ynpasnennn B p e a n b a o M B p e n n e a u , p y ~ ~ u u x cKnU ~ M ~ W I ~ I ~ yM CmX ~ nmp e m M m
na u n a n e m ~ o c ~ux
b 6mna n a n e K a OT ~ p e 6 y e ~ o f .3 ~ e p m 6 0 p y n o s a r u l r r . Hn cman cosepuennan mM F ~ K ~ o I I ~ o U ~ C C OC ~
p eHn C~TIB~a TOJIbKo HaYUHUIU
Ka, HU c a ~ b l f Ci O B € & X U ~ H H ~cnoco6
~
YnpBBneHUII C a m
csoe pa3sme H 6bmn n p e n c T a m e n b 1 K o H T p o n n e p a - no ce6e H e MOIW comarsarscosevmeHHvw
ACY TII.
MU P~MUKOHT
u JIOMUHOHT
nnn 061qux s a n a ~ynpasCpenc~sa~ B T O M ~ T U ~ ~ U Te~ymee
UU.
cocxonnwe
n e H m U CUCTeMaMU H a 6a3e B-7 U B-9 nnn 39CP
cpencm a m ~ a ~ a 3 a u xapamepn3ye~cn
na
amneHbrM
(3nercrpnsec~arrr a c n C u c T e M b l perynnpo~anm)JIe- B3aUMHbIM IIPOHUKHOBeHUeM H n e f i , CTaHnapTOB, n0nHUrrrpanCKOrO MeT~JlJlHYeCKOrO3aBOna. C ~ U ~ C T B O B ~ XOnOB, J.UUpOK0 HCnOJIb3yeMblX KaK B npOMblmHeHJIM U ApJTUe p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ ~ L 4KoTopbIe,
,
OAHBKO, TaK U H e
HOEaBTOMaTU3aUUU, TaK U B CMeXCHblX 06nac~xxTOX~ ~ I J I AOBeneHbI
H
EO B H e A p e H m . kI3-3a HenOBepW3
HHKM &i3HaHUfi. kI TaK KaK COBpeMeHHEU aBTOMaTU3aKOHTpOnnepaM HBXWUI
O O B e H b YIlpaBneHuIl P e I U W um H e M M c n a M a 6e3 n p a M e H e H u n M m p o n p o q e c c o p CX H a CUCTeMW C T a K U a 3 b l B a e ~ o f xi ~ C T K O J~~~O T U K O ~ ~
HblX CUCTeM, CeTeBbIX T ~ X H O J T O ~ HCPenCTB
~~,
KOMMY(YKT3, YKT3-M, YKTC) ww co6npancn npoem- HUKaUaH (U~l'e!J'$efica)
YeJIOBeK - MaIIlUH& TO
H ~ I M@
M
B Bnne penefi~m
cxerul.
n p o n n m o s e H u e pemenuii a3 o6nac~uIT, Internet,
Bc& 3 T 0 pa3~006pa3~e
TeXHUKM 6bm0 HeCHCTeMn n a ~ ' $ o p ~ o ~ e 3 a ~ n cm
a a~ H~ nxa p T o s crmoemca
HUM, BCe CBI13U 6 b 1 n n IIPOBOAHbIMEi, ~ P O r p a M M U p O B a OYeBWnHblM U H ~ O ~ X O A U M ~ I M .
H u e , n a n w w 06cnyrna~a~ue
B M ~ ~ I B ~ Jnpo6ne~b1.
IH
lTep~oenomnenne c a c T e M n o m w o c b H a 3 n e ~ B ~ x o nu3 cnoxn~meficncmyauuu, K O T O P ~ ~BTpOCTaHUKSX B 60-x r O n W n p O l u n O r 0 BeKa. 3 T 0
HeYHOM H T O r e B b l p a E W I a C b B HI(3KOM YpOBHe aBTOMa6 b ~ U
TaK Ha36IBaeMbIe YIIpaBNlIOWHe 3BM, KOTOTCi3aUUH ~ H ~ P T O ~ I I O K U
O BAPYrOrO 3~eproo60pyno~apbIe
IIpUMeHXJlHCb B OCHOBHOM H a A3C. P a 3 ~ P i T P i e
HWR, B YaCTblX OCTaHOBaX H3-3a HLi3KOfi H ~ J I ~ X H O C T U
MMKpOnpOUeCCOpOB P a C l l l n p w O 3TU CUCTeMbI noCpenCTB, o m u 6 o ~IlepCOHana, ~ H J IB IIpUMeHeHAN
n p o r p a ~ ~ ~ o - ~ e x ~ u sKeocM~n nue Kxc o a , H a u e n e u - K a n b H M M n PLC ( n p o r p a ~ ~ n p y ne o~r n~q ~e cnm M n
KOHT~OM~~~MH).
Bmpoe
KOMnneKCOB
nOKoJleHHe
IIpOrpaMMHO-TeXHHqeCKkiX
(80-e m A b I XX B.)
CBX3WO C IlOIIBiTeHH-
e M nOKanbHbIX
~Wefi, n03BOnABIUPiX
06benUHUTb
MU ~ B T O H O M H O0~6~p a 6 0 T ~ unilllHblX, H a n p U M e p ,
3anar aeapuinom ynpamesun n p u e o n o M
oneparopcrcom mep@efica, npyrux ~ 0 n 0 6 ~ 3ana9,
b l ~ w c p e n c T s a 6 b 1 c ~ p o f i( ~ e e n H H b l e C p e n C T B a IIpOeKTUpOBaHUX U np. 3pa TaKUX
H e e 5 MC) 0 6 p a 6 0 ~ ~
n auH H b l X , H ~ O ~ X O ~ W B
M 9~a CI T~- ,
CWCTeM H e OKOHYeHa, U ~ ~ c o ~ K Y T H~ O
o ~~UIAHCTBO
HOCTH, npn peanu3auuu y n p a s n e H u n T y p G u ~ a ~ u .
HMeloulHXCn H a P b I H K e nPOl?3aMMHO-TeXH119eCKBX
B K a Y e c T s e u c T o r H m o B u n H no~pe6menefin a H KOMlIJIeKCOB (IITK) - n p e n C T a B U T e n U UMeHHO 3TOrO
H ~ I XMOXHO u c n o n b 3 0 ~ a ~' 'bu ~ ~ e n n e K T y a n b w b ~ noe"
IIOKOJleHUX. Bepx~efiT O Y K O ~P~a B U T U I I CHCTeM BTOn e s b l e yc'rpofic~ea.
P O r O IIOKOneHUR MOXHO CYUTaTb CACTeMbl C KIIHC U C T ~OTKPblTa
M ~ A n n B ~ ~ U M O ~ ~ ~ ~ CC BT HBeHl l -X
e ~ ~ - c e p e e p ~a op fx iu T e ~ T y p o 8 .
HAM MAPOM: 0 6 M e H n a H H b l M H MOXHO nPOU3BOAHTb
Cnenymmee, T p e T b e , noxoneane - TaK ~ a m e a e - no IlpOTOKOnaM q c ( K J I u ~ H T A cep~ep),Modbus.
M b l e web-enabled IITK, T.e. CHCTeMbI C p a C m U p e H H b 1 M 3 K 61850, M3K 60370-5-101 (4), DMP3.0. noMU W ~ ~ - B O ~ M O X H O C T ~ M0U6 .b 1 9 ~ 0 3 T 0 CACTeMbl C
c n e n H u e no3~onnm
U H T e r p n p o B a T b B enurlym cwc-reK I I u ~ H T - c ~ ~ B ~ ~~ P
HX
o ~U T ~ K T ~B~ KOTOPblX
O ~ ~ ,
pOnb
MY KaK ACY TII TMO ( ~ e n n o ~ e x a ~ ~060pyrec~u
o n H o r o u3 M n e H T o B H r p a e T web-cep~ep,06ecne~u- n o s a ~ n e ~T)a ,K u ACY Tn 3 T 0 (3nempo~ex~uqe~ a m q upacurnpeswe
i
ACY TII 6namnapn ncnonb3o- CKUM O ~ O P Y I I O B ~ H U ~ M~) .P O T O K OM3K
~
61850, noBBHUH) W ~ ~ - K ~ H ~ HBTOCHOBHOM
O B
NIX OpraHU3aUUU
C T P O ~ H H ~HIaE6a3e E t h e I ' I I e t - ~ e x ~ ~ n ~ r A P i nocnen,
n O n 0 n H H T e n b H b I X pa6o~uxMeCT O n e p a T H B H O r O U n U
HSU
pa3pa60T~a B
06nacm aBTOMaTU3aUMll
o ~ c ~ ~ X U B ~ K I I I Inepcorrana.
~KI
Web-enabled IITK
~ O ~ C T ~ H-U nU0 3~B O n n e T U C n O n b 3 0 B a T b B P a M K a S
TO, B q a c T w o c T u , Telepenn XP-R u PCS7, n p u M e T3000 H a y p o B H e " u ~ ~ e n n e q a n b ~ bn~c Tx o"r H u K o s
H n e M b l e A no H a c T o n m e e B p e M x B ~ a u ~ enpawme.
fi
n a H H b l X T e P M U H U b I M A K P O ~ P O U e C C O P H b I X 3aUIMT
K CUCTeMaM ~ ~ T B & P T O T OIIOKOneHHX OTHOCXTCX (MU P3A), yc~pofic~sa
ynpaenennn n q e i ~ o fui CUHweb-based CncTeMbI, c y ~ bKOTOP~IX 3 a m m ~ a e ~ cBn X ~ O H A ~ ~ nT uO ~~ e~f Ii ~Siprotec
u
4 @ u p ~ "Siemens"
b~
TOM, YTO Internet-~ex~onorun
unu W ~ ~ - T ~ X H O ~ Oc T Ynnu
I ~ H H ~ I Xnp0~3~0nu~eneG,
nomepmusamuue npoee T ~ ~ X Y P O B H ~MB oOn Ee n b m ( y p o s m ~ un p e n c T a s n e - TOKOn M3K 61850.
Hun, 0 6 p a 6 0 ~
PI ~~ ~
~ H H ~ nBJlneTCX
I X )
H e HancTpofi6 0 n b m O f i war snepen c n e n a H B o6nac~nnpoKO~a
, O C H O B O ~ ~XnpOM
,
CUCTeMbl. ~ P P ~ M ~ P OCOBPeM
r p a M M H o r o 0 6 e ~ n e Y e H U R .n p u m ~ a na p x u T e K T y p a u
MeHHOrO YPOBHII pa3BHTUR ! ~ H @ O P M ~ U I ? O H H ~ TeXHOIX
cnoc06 n p e n c T a s n e H w n n a H H b r x n o 3 ~ o n n mn~o n b 3 o n 0 r U f i B Pix IlpUJIOXeHUU K aBTOMaTH3aUUM TeXHOnOB a r e n m ( n ~ ~ e ~ e p y - p a ? p a 6 0 ~o ~
n eup a~Tyo ,p y , HarAYeCKWX IlPOUeCCOB MOXHO CqUTaTb CUCTeMY
n a n s u K y , 0 6 c n y ~ u ~ a m q nepconany)
e~y
"06qa~bcn"
SPPA-T3000, p a 3 p a 6 0 T a H H y m 4 u p ~ 0 f i "Siemens" C C U C T ~ M O %H a IIOHIITHOM, UHnHBHnY&UbHO n e r K 0 HaCTpaUBaeMOM X3bIKe. 300 6 q e H A e IIpOUCXOnUT 9e[I, 21.
B COOTBeTCTBHH C T ~ & x ~ ~ o B H
( T~
p eB
x%
o ~~p y~c - pe3 web-6pay3ep. I l p w s e ~o n H o s p e M e H H o a napan~ 0 %MOLIenbH),
)
SPPA-T3000 U M e W Y p O B e H b npen- n e n b H 0 M O W p a 6 0 ~ a T bp a 3 H b I e n O n b 3 0 B a T e n H , PCCTaBJleHHX n a H H b l X ( W I U ~ H T C K HRPYC),
~
YPOBeHb OTmamque c a M b l e p a 3 n m H b I e 3ana.r~.Bce 3m n o n b 3 o p a 6 0 T K H n a H H b l X (npyc IIpUKJIanHblX &lIrOpUTMOB U
~ m w wno c y m e c T s y O ~ I U ~ P ~ T cC OX ~ H U Mn p e n M e r o M n e p e p a 6 o ~ ~n ua u ~ b ~ ux )y p o s e H b n a H H b I x (npyc HH- ACY TII, p a 6 0 T a f O T C 0n~0irA TOG Xe U H @ O ~ M ~ U H
p a ? p O 3 H e H H b I e KOHTpOJlnepbl B e f l U H y I 0 CUCTeMy, C03-
pemeHnn
naTb M o m m e CpencTBa
-
~ O P M ~ U M O H H ~WCTO~HAKOB).
IX
HO U M e m T p a 3 ~ b 1 B
i 3 r W H a 3TOT U p e n M e T Pi n o - p a 3 n a H H b I X ( K J ~ A ~ H T c K M ~HOMY
~
HHTepIlpeTUpylOT U H @ O ~ M ~ U U
n p~ U
~ .3TOM n10CTPOATCX H a TaK Ha3blBaeMblX "TOHKAX" KIIUeH6 0 n o~n b 3~0 ~ a ~ e n mn p e n o c T a e m e T c n m e m o TOT
Y ~ o B ~IlpenCTaBJIeHHX
H ~
npyc)
(Thin Clients). T ~ ~ ~ o BK ~~ THU MuYCTPORCT~ M
BaM IIOMUMO B O ~ M O X H O C TC~ a~e~B O T O 0 6 ~ e H aY e p e 3
" B U ~ " CUCTeMbI, K ~ T O p b l f i e M y H y X e H . 6onee TOrO.
n O n b 3 O B a E n b M O X W BpeMeHHO l l n H nJIX nOCTOnHH0-
TCPIIP
r0
Tax
nBnneTcx Hanwque
A e p x n B a m m e r o BblnonHeHue
Internet-6pay3epa, nonJava-annne~o~
(npano-
X ~ H H
B k ~i p T y a J I b H ~ %J a ~ a - ~ a L l l ~ H b l ) .
0 6 p a 6 0 ~ ~( nnp y ~n p H K n a n H b I x anmpmn n e p e p a 6 o ~ ~nua ~ ~ bn~p exn c)T a s n e H YCTPO~~CT-
YpOBeHb
MOB
HCnOnb30BaHAX ~ 0 6 p a T bCBOA
i i ~ ~ nK"O, T O P ~ I B~ ~
xapamepy ero nenT e n b H o c T n . T ~ KaK
K CucTeMa e n u H a M H e n e n m a , a
B c e n a H H b I e ( ~ e K y m u e3 ~ a ~ e n~e pue M
n enHbrx, npll~ a u 6 o n b m e fM
i e p e cooTseTcTByeT
IlUCaHHble UM C B O ~ ~ C T Bn P~O, e K I , pe3ynynbTaTbI aPXMBM-
np.)
BaMU n B y X THnOB: C e p B e p O M I I p P i n 0 ~ e H U f i U C e p B e -
POBaHHn M
POM aBTOMaTU3aUHU.
IIpIlHUUnH&lbHO
CyIUeCTBymT B CUCTeMe OnHH
pa3.
3aUU!4, YTO O ~ ~ C I I ~ Y HB03MOXUOCTb
B ~ ~ T
~ 0 6 p a CUC~ b
nonasmrx. B SPPA-T3000 06ecnerusae~cnB nep~ y m
o q e p e n b nonuan u H T e r p a w n B c e x ~ e o 6 x o n u ~ b 1
IIOnCUCTeM B enUHYK) I l P O V a M M H Y H ) CUCTeMY. He Cy-
T e M y n 0 A KOHKpeTHYH) 3 a n a Y y , MUHAMH3PiPYX 3 a T p a -
U e C T B y W KOMnOHeHTOB B H e enUHOM) n 0 J M UH@opMla-
C ~ I U ~ C T Bp a~3 n~HTY H b I e B a p U a H T b l HCnOnHeHU5I
KaK C e p B e p a I l p ~ n O X e ~ U fTaK
i , H C e p B e p O B aBTOMaTU-
ee B H e n p e H w e .
Ha y p o B H e (npyce)
T ~ HI a
HeB03MOXHbl P a C X O X n e H U e K n t i
Tepn
UUU, B H e e n H H b l X nPMHUl?IlOB BHYTpeHHerO B3aUMOnaHHblx npencTaBneHb1 Bce
~ C T ~ O ~ ~BBOna-BbIBOAa
C T B ~
A H ~ O ~ M ~ U-HYCTPO~~CTH
B a CBI13A C O ~ ~ K T O (YCO).
M
K HPIM OTHOCIlTCIl U
YCO, sxonnque B H o M e n K n a T y p y Simatic, n "wn~enJ I e K T y a n b H b l e " YCO CO BCTPOeHHblMU B03MOXHOCTII-
co6ofi.
3 T a Anen.
~ a 3 s a ~ uECS@
e
(embedded
component
A ~ ~ ~ C T KOMnOHeHTOB
B M ~
MeXny
uMemqan
S e r v i c e s ) , nBnXeTCIl KpaeyTOJlbHblM KaMHeM
XllTeKTYPbl
YpOBHX
CUCTeM
B C ~ Eap-
Y W B ~ ~ T O nOKOneHMIl
TO
U
06pa6or~uAaHHblX.
UX
A ~ b H e f i l Pa3BHTMeM
u ~ ~
CPenCTB asToMaTA3aUAA
(a 3TO,3HaqkiT,
U TeXHUqeCKMX CPeaCTB, A I l p O r p a M M -
IIaloT B TaKMX CHCTeMaX B OCHOBHOM KaK ACTOqHAK
a ~ @ o p ~ a s n~no, ~ o pn m
c n o n b y e ~ c nKaK
B
ynpasne-
HOrO O ~ ~ C ~ ~ Y ~ TaK
H M KaK
I I , OHM HblHe H ~ o T ~ ~ ~ A MHUH
~ I (B
) OCHOBHOM B TeXHOJlOrAYeCKUX ~ ~ U I A T ~ TaK
X), A
mn n p e n c T a a n e a m o n e p a T o p y , apxaaepomnn n np.
MOXHO CqPiTaTb I l p A M e H e H l l e ~ ~ C ~ ~ O B O
TeXHO~ H ~ I X
a
norufi. OHM06ecneqa~K o H q e H T p I ? p o B a H H y m nepenas y u s @ o p ~ a u u uno p a n a o K a H a n a M , ~ o ~ o p anossom
T a m e ItOsBJleHAe M e ~ y H a p O j I H O mC T a H A a p T a
JIAT CyuleCTBeHHO CHH3HTb 3 a T p a T b I H a K a 6 e J I b H y m
H a HaHHbIMA EIlX 3neKTpOTeXHUqeCKkiX YCTPO~~CTB
I I p O ~ K n U E O ,MOHTaX,
a TBKXC COKpaTHTb CPOKA
BHC-
p a 3 B F i ~ A e MHKpOnpOUeCCOpHbIX TepMUHanOB,
(M3K 61850)
CymecTBeHHo
o6~e-
npa6nn3unu cosnaaae
npeHMX CMCTeM.
n e f i c ~ B A ~ e n b HH0H T e ~ U P O B a H H b l XCACTeM Y n p a B n e -
XOTXB YCnOBUflX 3JlehTPOCTaHUAU UCnOJlb30Bam e pWAOCBX3H pa3YMHO H e BCeTAa, H a T3u-25
Mocs~epro, H a n p H M e p , B ACY TII 3 H e p m 6 J I o K a
T-250 M ~ peanusosanw
I
Wi-Fi (panao) n o c T y n K cacT e M e OT n e p e H o c H M x O n e p a T o p c K u x u u n m e H e p H b l x
TepMAHWlOB. TO O K a 3 m O C b O%Hb yn06~0I l P H IIPOB e n e H a a H a n a n o q H b l x pa60~,06cnyxusa~wrA npoKPYTKU MeXaHA3MOB, p e a J l A 3 a U A H 3ana.I MeCTHOrO
y n p a s n e H n n u np.
IIpa ~ e o 6 x o n n ~ o cme
~ ac6opa HH@OPM~UHMOT
naTYAKOB CyIUeCTBeHHO 6onee ~ @ @ ~ K T M B HPeIIIe~~M
HAeM XBIlXeTCn KOHUeHTpaUUn A H @ O ~ M ~ U Ano
U TeX-
3 T 0 H TMO. np006pa30~T ~ K OCACTeMb1
E
nmACy Tn 3 T 0 ~ H ~ ~ I U ~ N9
~ O3 K
U O
4 T3u-27
B
OAO "Moc3~epro".
M ~ o r u e3aKa3qHKA cefi~8.c CTaBXT BOnpOC AACTaHUHOHHOrO Y n p a m e H U f l K O M M Y T ~ ~ A O H HannapaO~
~ypofiqepe3 T e p M U H ~ b l 3 a l w TU TepMHHaJIbl Y n p a B JIeHYlll C U C I l O ~ b 3 0 B a H A e MCeTeBblX A H T ~ P @ ~ ~ ~ c oHa
B.
n e p s b l f i B3UlXn, 3 T 0 BbllXXnAT eCTeCTBeHH0. Benb
TepMUHaJ no CYTA ~ a K 0 f ime KOHTPOnneP, KaK A JIlo6ofi npyrofi, ~ c n o n b 3 y e ~ b 1 Bf i ACY TII. 3 a s e ~nnon U T b npOBODHbIe CBXsFi, YCO A np., e C n H )oKe e C T b
~ a n e x ~ uu@posax
an
censb?
Cnenye~,o s e a n n H o , BbInenPiTb nsa K p y r a s n e K -
HOnOrHYeCKoMy, @ Y H K U U O H ~ ~ ~ H O MTePPATOPUaJIbY,
n p n 3 ~ a ~TO
y WHO A nnx panuora~ a n a c) nocnenymqel nepenaseii ee o m o s o n o K o H HOG U n U ~ e n ~ 0JIPiArtefi
fi
L l A @ p 0 ~ 0 f CBX3U.
i
npPi 3TOM
H O M I?
~ AHOMY
HUX
eTCn
TpOTeXHAYeCKHX YCTPO~~CTB:CBX3aHHbIX C TeXHOJlOI'UqeCKWM IIpOUeCCOM - B b l K J l l o Y a T e ~ WMeXaHU3MOB
C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~HYXA
IX
(MCH), nbIMOCOCOB, BeHTAJlRTOPOB, H a c o c o B u np. - u csx3a~nbre
c pacnpeneneHneM
3 a ~ e un 06ecne~nsae~c11
~
B ~ I C O K ~~Aa n e m ~ o c noc~ b ,
3JleKTpO3HeprAU, B TOM q M C n e H a C O ~ C T B ~ H H
HYX~I~
TOBepHOCTb A CKOPOCTb I I e p e n a q U naHHbIX.
nbr, - B b m n m y a T e n n ce~uafi,pacnpenyclpofic~ea a
~ ~ O H U K H O B ~ H
MMKpOnpOIleCCOpOB
A ~
H a BCe
np. n e p s b l e YYaCTByIOT B TeXHOnOrAqeCKOM I I p O u e C YPOBHA CHCTeM Y n p a B n e H U l n p I l B O n I l T K IIOXWleHAlo
Ce, a 3HWAT, M O T T nOCTaT09HO qaCTO BWIloqaTbCII A
M H 0 r 0 0 6 p a 3 ~ n " P i H ~ e J l ~ e l r r y ~ b ~ IIOneBbIX
bl~"
YCTB b I K n l o ~ a T b C n ,MeHXTb H a v Y 3 K Y , P e X k i M . 3anaqa BTOP O ~ ~ C T BIlaT'IUKOB,
,
nPMBOnOB A LIP. C Y U ~ C T B ~ H Hp ~
b rIxM- 6e3a~apufi~oe
3 ~ e p r o c ~ a 6 x e ~nxe ep e b l x .
pa3smen " n ~ ~ e n n e ~ ~ y a n u 3 a nuoanam"H o c T a n C 6 0 p K a 3 n e K T p u r e c K u x c x e M - n o c T a T o q H o p e n K o e
C H U X e H A e CTOHMOCTR DPM YMeHblUeHAH r a 6 a p A ~ o B , ntmenue, a B 061ue~cnylae, ecnn arcnmqeabl u
nOBblWeHAH Y C T O ~ ~ ~ U B O CKT H
(PIKTOPIM BJlUIlHAIl OK- @YHKUUOHUPYH)T 3aUIIITb1, a 0 6 b l q H 0 OHM 8146 H pep y X a I O l U e % C p e n b l U M ~ K C H M ~ J ~C T
~ aHH nOa p~T~U 3 a q H A
3 e p ~ ~ p ynpyr
m ~ npyra, ~cnonb3ynp a 3 n u y H b l e n o r t a perue~uiipa3~b1xn p o ~ 3 ~ o n u ~ e nno
e f oi T H o l u e u u m K sa~ena,TO ~ a 6 n m n e ~ n3 ae ~ ~ ~ K T ~ U = I ~ Ccxe~ofi
KO% A
A H T ~ ~ @ ~ % Cc ~~ eMH T p ~ b H 0Yf aiC T b l o CUCTeM.
y n p a s n e H u e em ~ a n o o n e p a ~ a ~ npouecc.
~ b ~ f i B cnyIIpa TOM B c e r n a 6yne-r C T O X T ~ 3 ~ a r apaquo- rae xe aaapaiiaoii ce-ryaunn 6 b 1 c ~ p o n e f i c ~ ~npoue
~ a n b ~ ocfTie n e H H neue~~panusaqnn
@ Y H K I I A ~ ~ .Haueccos npamwiecau H e naik o n e p a T o p y r u a H c o s omIIpUMep, e C n H AMeeTCX " A H ~ e ~ n e K I ' y a ~ b ~ b ~n tp iA"3 a T b XOTb KaKOC-TO BnAXHRe H a AX XOn.
BOn, TO me U ~ J I ~ C O O ~ Pa3MeCTHTb
~ ~ ~ H O
anrOpUTM
C ~ Y ~ T O3 M
T O m P O n b AMCTaHUAOHHOrO I l n U aBT0(@YHKUIIH)) UHAUBAnYanbHOTO YnP2lBneHAII AM? Ha
M a T u s e c K o r o y n p a m e H n n nnn ~ T H X~ B Y Xrpynn ~ C T n e p e b ~ f issmnn, 6nnme B c e r o K npusony - TaM, me
P O ~ C T B p a 3 n u s H a . ~ O ~ T O M BY ~ e ~ y q e nf pi a m n K e
p e a n u 3 y e T c x n c n o n H e H u e KoMaHn, me u M e e T c a s e c b
y n p a s n e H n e MCH o c y u e c T B n n e T c n no n e y M KaHa~ a 6 o npr u l H b l x o COCTOXHUU H peana3ye~cn3 ~ @YHKa
n a M : OT P3A ( a B a p A f i ~ 0 eno c o c T o n H n m MCH) a OT
U U I . OAH~KO,
CKOpee BCerO, no T o r 0 MOMeHTa, n O K a
IITK TMO, B K n m r a n ~osneirc~sun
rexHonoruqecKnx
y n p a s n e H u e B pa3~b1xO T p a c n x x ( ~ H ~ P T ~ T HXIIMAU
K~,
s a m u T , ~ ~ O K H ~ O B OABP
K , H np., a T a m e n n c T a H u a A np.) 6
y CTPOMTbCn
~ ~ no p a 3 H b I M IlPUHIlAIlaM, nOKa omoe o n e p a T u e H o e ynpamesse. q a u e B c e r o ~ T KaA
H e 6 y n e ~n p a H s T enu~brfinna B c e x c T a H n a p T , 3 ~ y H a n b l YnpaBJleHAX He3aBUCUMbl (C B3akiMHbIM MUHA@YHKUUK, 6 y n y ~peWlPi30BblBaTb H a YPOBeHb Bblllle,
M a n b H b l M O ~ M B H O M M H @ o ~ M ~ L I A ~q T~ O~ ) B, 0 6 u e ~
T a K KaK 3~0ro
TpeGye~n a H H a n o T p a c n b , naaaax cuc- cnyqae n o s b I r u a a ~ a n e s ~ o yc n~p ab m e H u n PI " p a TeMa.
s n 3 ~ y "O C H O B H ~ I X@ Y H K U U ~(ynpasne~se,
~
C B X ~ ~ H H O ~
06mefi ~ e ~ n e ~ uPn~ ~e Bl H T H cXn c T e M aBToMaTu- c ~ex~onoraefi)
M 06ecne~uBalo~1ux
( C B I I ~ ~ H H ~ cI X
nonareii 3nelcrponu~a~un)
@y~~uafi.
3aUNA H a 3JleKTPOCTaHUAIIX IIBJIXeTCX C03llaHYle MHO~ Y p O B H e B b l XKOMnneKCHblX CUCTeM.
Ypoaeub a ~ ~ o ~ a ~ a 3 Oa m~ ewque . ~ ~ oco6e~b ~ e
B nepeylo o q e p e n b TO cnnmwe c n c T e M ynpasne- HOCTH U XapaKTePACTMKU COBPeMeHHblX MAKPOIIPOHUE TennOMeXaHAqeCKMM A 3neKTlJOTeXHllqeCKMM
UeCCOPHblX CPeHCTB YIIpaBneHMIl YXe B M P O l U A OCOO ~ O ~ ~ ~ O B ~HHp AM 3TOM
~ M .Y C T P O ~ ~ C TP3A
B ~ BbICTy~ ~ H H
T pO
e T b e m A Y ~ T B ~ P T~O
oK
~ oOJ T ~ H ACOBPCMeH~~,
OKa3bIBaWTCX B e C b M a nPAeMneMbIMki UeHOBbIe IlOKa-
rn
nepn@epufiaoe0 6 0 p y n 0 B a H ~ i e( n a ~ r n wncnon,
0pram.1) no3~0nnnnB n o c n e n H e e necm-
Hoe
HmenbHble
HonornYecKax n a p a M q o e , n o m e p m s e m e M reMy
XBNnOCb BblnOnHeHkie AOCTaTOYHO XeCTKEfX
HUE CHCT~MHOM
OnepaTOpa
~pe6osa-
EI IrrOP W H O M Y peI'ynMPOBaHAK) WCTOTbl;
~ O C C H ~ ~ 3CJ I K
e w~o C
~ T a H u H f i y p O B W l aBTOMaTn3aunn. B n e p B y m o r e p e n b 3m KaCaeTcn H O B ~ I X3~epm06ecnereaue asTOMaTPi3kipOBaHHblX IIJ'CKa H nna~JIOKOB, OCHaIUeHHe KoTopblX ~ O J I H O M ~ C I I I T ~ ~ H ~ IHOBOrO
MM
OCTaliOBa ~ H ~ ~ ~ O ~ J I OaBT0MaTUWCKHM
K O B
JIeTAe
nOCTUYb
ACy Tn
HblX
Ha
irpHHUnnH&lbHO
6a3e
HOBOm
NM
COBpeMeHHblX MUKpOnpOUeCCOp-
IIpOTpaMMHO-TeXHU9eCKHX
yXe
~ nposenem
n ~
n peKOMlUleKCOB
n p a s m o M . Hapsny c 3
KoHCTpyKUuM C HCnOnb30BaHHeM MUKpOnpOUeCCOp-
mano
H ~ I XnTK c u c T e M K O H T P O ~ I( y n p a a n e H m (CKY)
60~1bUIorO YUCJIa K P p H b l X 3 ~ e p r 0 6 n 0 ~ 0 ~ .
l l p n ~ e p ~B ononosme c n p a e B TO 6 b m a nomoM ~ C I I I T ~ ~~onepm3aunn
H ~
CKY c peann3auneE
Bcem o b e ~ @
a ~ H K U HKOHTPO~H
~~
n YnpaBnenm Ha
6a3e IITK n nonnoii 3 a ~ e ~ opanee
E
ucnonb3osa~UlHXCn CpenCTB B b I n O n H e H m naHHbIX @YE&.
BTopan nonosntia p a 6 o ~no p e K o H c T p y K u n n CKY u3-3a
K IlepBHYHOM)'
y n p a B J I e H u e M I I p e 0 6 J I m a ~ ) I u n M ~ o J ~ ~ L U P ~ H C T B3TaOM
n 0 B C COXpaHeHHeM
3a
OIlepaTOpOM, KaK n p a B H n 0 .
BbInOnHeHHX TOJlbKo KOOpAHHFipyloIUMX @YHKUH%,
HeWBeTCTBeHHblX 0nepa~CifiU Y n p a B n e H m He3neKT P U @ U U U P O B ~ H H O ~apMaTYP0fi
~
(3Ta XaPaKTepUCTlWa
H e OTHOCUTCS K PeKOHCTpYUPOBaHHbIM 3lrepm6~l0KaM C YaCTH'iHblM O ~ ~ & M OMMO ~ ~ P H H ~ ~ U U U ) ;
npnHuunnanbHoe n 3 ~ e ~ e ~
xapanepa
n e
nefimBHG O n e p a m H o m nepcoeana, O C H O B H ~ I M A3anara~u
m p o m T e n e p b BC& 6onbue I I B N I ~ T C X K o m p o n b 3a
XOnOM aeToMaTH3EipOBaHHOm IIpOUeCCa C HCnOnb30BaHlleM B KaYeCTBe OCHOBHOm UHCTpYMeHTa TeXHO-
nornrecw%H @ y ~ ~ ~ ~ n o n a (annapaTypa
nb~ofi
n anmce6s rarms~ym~ o n e p ~ n 3 a u n m
saute
, B c e m CBII~M- PnTMbI ACY Tn) CHrHUH3aUEiH BbItlOlIHeHne KOBaeMyIO C Y C T ~ H O B K OCHCTeM
~~
aBTOMaTEiSeCKoM peOpjltiHHpytOLLIPiX @YHKUM% W HeOTBeTCIgeHHblX O n e V n n p O B a H m qaCTOTbl n MOIUHOCTE (CAPYM) 3 H e p pauEiR (W peKOHCTpyMpOBaHHblX 3 H e p m 6 n o K o B C
ro6nora, HO 0 6 ~ 9 o~x0~ a ~ b ~ ~ a m60nbmnii
m y m 0th- s a c r n s a s m M o b e ~ ~
o o~n e p ~ m a w TO
n KacaeTcn
&M @ Y H K L I ~ o H B ~ ~ H3ma'l:
~~x
IlOJlHylo PeKOHCTPYK~ o n b p~e xo n M a pa6ornx H ~ T ~ Y ~ O K ) .
UWH) BBTOMaTIiqeCKUX peI'yJlXTopOB KOTna HnPl name
n p H 'iaCTn'iH0fi MOnepHH3aUMM CKY 3~ep1-06~10
OrpaHnseHHOCTU @ M H ~ H C O B ~Cpe.4CTB
~X
BKJIIO'iWa B
6 n o ~ aB u e n o M ; B H e n p e H n e H O B ~ I Xc n c r e M aBToMaTn- KOB CYlUeCTBeHHO OCJIOXHIIKfTCII A ~ ~ ~ c T B LOnepaTHBM
secmro y n p a B n e H n n r o p e n m ( C A T ) B c o o T s e T - H o r o n e p c o H a n a , B b I H y m n e H n o m y n p a e n n T b npouecCTBEiU C COBPeMeHHblMH n p a B m a M M ~3pb1~06e30nac- COM YaCTUYHO C IIOMOIIIbfO COBpeMeHHOrO OnepaTOp~ o c r n non~slfi
;
m n ~ ~ C T H T Hnepenon
~ I ~
H a noBaIe
cmm u~repaefica( ~ m e o ~ o m p bMlb ,l m n , m a m a CpenCl'Ba
peaJlFi3aUHll
P ~ H @ O ~ M ~ ~ U O H H O - B ~ P ~ UTypa),
C~H-
Bne 0 6 b e M a Y ~ C T A ~ HMOnepO~~
H113aUHH 0 6 b 1 ~ O
~W0b l B B n l l C b nOACMCTeMa TeXHOnOr n r e c K u x samm H ~ B T O M ~ T H ~ ~npyrax
W
nnclcpmH ~ I Xonepaunii: y n p a B n e H u e 3anop~ofiap~arypoiin
D n r a T e n r r M u ; ABP; n o r n r e c K n e nporpaMm.1, B TOM
sncne noluaro~b~e,
n np.
A ~ a n n 360nb1110r0
rucna peanu3o~anmxn p o e l c -
TenbHbIX @ y H K 4 i f i .
TOB aBTOMaTU3aUUH KaK HOBblX, TaK A PeKOHCTPYHPO-
~ a a ~ b o3nepm6no~oe,
c
n p o ~ e d ~ n B~ mi iy p H a n a x
" 3 n e q m e c ~ n ec ~ a ~ u n n(Ne
" 1 3 a 2004 r., Ng 2 n 3
3 a 2009 r.) n "TenJI03~epre~Pi~a"
(Nc 10 3a 2008 r.),
a 'iaCTHqH0
- TpWUUUOHHOKl (KJIIOYEi, KHOn-
npn6opb1, peIXCTpaTopb1).
H C ? O ~ H O ~ Hname
~ % H~ b 1 6 o p p e X u M a pa6mb1 onepaTopa: " ~ E i L t X ' i ~ i i " npu ~ o J I H o M ~ c L I I T ~ ~ ACY
H o ~ TII
unn n o n e p e M e H H o "cn~rnCi"/"c~on~nii"
- npw T p a KU,
llOKa3blBWIUHe
-
nAUUOHHbIX CpenCTBaX. ~ M ~ O K
K3BeCTHbl
O
OnaCeHNn
B03HUKHOBeHUR ~ e p b e 3 H b npo6ne~
l~
npn " C K ~ ~ K O O ~
PB~HOM" nepexone onepampa OT T p a n n q n o H r i o r o
luqrTa K COBPeMeHHOMY. O n b l ~nOKa3blBaeT, OnHaKO
s ~ ~o T Hn p 0 6 n e M b 1 yna&cn npeononen B T e r e H u e
a npo6ne~a"c~eman~oro"
unTa
O C T ~ ~ C IHI W n r O . Y K E ~ ~ H@mop,
H ~ I ~ ~a T a K X e
IlOKXWl B03MOXHOCTb jlOCTKKeHIIR H a P O C C U ~ ~ C K O M H M ~ I O I U H ~ CnX~ J l ~ X ~ ~ e n OnbIT
b ~ b ~l %
B ~ x ~ T ~ IpeI H
3HepreTHqeCKoM PblHKe YPOBHIl aBTOMaTU3aUllH,
KoHCTpyKUHti CBWeTenbCTBylOT 0 U ~ ~ ~ C O O ~ ~ ~ ~
~ o p o ~ l c o rcpora,
o
~ a n Bo 'I&M ycqmammero 3apy6ex~o~y.
3 ~ KacaeT0
o c y m e c T n n e n m non~ofi
~onep~nsaunn.
cn PI BHOBb BBOnUMblX 3 H e p ~ 6 n 0 K o B ,~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ H C T nB0 J OI y q e H H b I e pe3yJIbTaTbl tiCnOnb30BaHWl COBpen3 KOTOP~IXn p e n c r a m e T co6ofi ~ o s b l f nns
i
POCCU%MeHHblX ACY TII H a 6a3e MHKpOnpOUeCCOpHbIX IITK
CKOm PblHKa T H n O ~ O P Y ~ T O B ~ H H InI a P O r a 3 0 B b I e Yman o 3 ~ o n r mHaMeTnTb
~
H a 6nnxafimee 6ynymee cneHOBKH [3 - 51, 11 PeKOHCTPYUPOBaHHblX TpeI4nUEiOHnymuym C T p a T e r u m a m ~ a ~ n 3 a w n .
HblX 3 H e p ~ 0 6 1 1 0 ~C0IIOnHblM
~
[6 - 91 UIIU 'IaCTUYHblM
1. Bce BHOBb CTpOIlUUeCIl 3 H e p ~ 0 6 1 1 0 K UnOJlXHbl
[lo - 121 O&&MOM MOnePHU38UUU.
o c s a q a T b c x n o n ~ o ~ a c m ~ a 6 n bACY
1 ~ n Tn H a 6a3e
B KWeCTBe XaparcTepulCTPiK nOCTFirHyTOm ypOBHn MHKpOnpOUeCCOpHbIX nTK U 6 b 1 ~ bOPHeHTHPOBaHaBTOMaTn3aUEiEi CJIenyeT B b l n e n t i T b B n e p B Y I 0 O r e -
HbIMU H a O ~ O C H O B ~ H H M
O ~ K c u M ~ J I S~OHB ~e H~ b~ BB-
penb:
TOMaTU3aWR. H 0 s b l e 3HepreTH'ieCKUe TeXHOnOrllN -
B03MOXHOCTb
06ecneream
IIOnHOCTbIO aBTOMa-
)We 113BeCTHbIe KOTnbI C WPKYIIUPYH)lUUM KUIIIlUIWhI
06cymsae~m,HO n 0 K a H e OCyUeCTBn e ~ ~ra3n@n~aum
m
mepnom Tonnnsa, T o n b x o CO3pesamutne nneu - c c a M o r o H a s a n a n o n m H b l 6 b 1 ~ b
THYeCKOrO Pi3MeHeHHX H W Y 3 K E i ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J( IK o~ KK OCJIOeM,
B
naBH0
Ta3OMa3YTHblX, TaK W I I b ~ l e ~ n b H b Cl COXpaHeHReM
~ )
HOPMaTHBHOm (B COOTBeTCTBHU C l ' p e 6 0 8 a H C D I M ~ 3a-
B O ~ O B- n 3 m ~ o ~ n ~ e nTee xBH o n o r n r e c K o r o 06opynoOpMeHTMpOBaHSI H a
UMeloUMeCn &iIIOCTOXHHO
Baaus) K a r e c m n o m e p x a H n n ~ ~ y r p e 6 n o ~ T~e1x -. 1 ~pa3sneammnecx B a n n a p a T n o M n p o r p a ~ ~ n o - a n r o
PrnMnqecKoh! Hanpasneawu B O ~ M Q X H O C ~coBpeMeHHblX C p e n C T B ACY T n .
np.).
VaMMU
O A H ~ KBO-IlepBbIX,
O,
n&leKO He BCe OpTaHU3WUH - p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ 9ACY
~~~
UMeloT XOpO2. Anfl CyUeCTBylOUUX 3Hep~06n0KOBCO CPOKOM IlIYlo TeXHOJlOI'U4eCK~loOCHOBY ~ P O ~ ~ ~ O aT m
K I- I
~aJIbHefiLUefi
3 ~ c n n y a ~ a u aBu TereHue 10- 15 neT
PWTMwYeCKOro o6ecnere~ufl,
TaK KaK 3neCb Tpe6yro~uenecoo6pa3~0 OCHaUeHUe I I o ~ H o M ~ c I I I T ~ ~
cnH ~HeI MnpocTo
~
onMmMe " w c ~ b ~ eTexHonorw,
"
a
M U K p O ~ p O U e C C O p H b l M U ACy Tn. &JU
3TOM nnfl
cnewanncm, xopomo noewMamqne npAauunb1 no3Hepr06n0~0~
C qaCTHqH0 PeKOHCTpYUPOBaHHblMU
cTpoeHnn a r r r o p u ~ ~ynpaenenm
o~
u memmwe
ACY Tn H ~ O ~ X O ~ U ux
M OHapaqwsaHue no nonaoTa~orHblk OnblT WX p a 3 p a 6 m U BHeApeHUR.
M ~ C U T ~ ~ H ~a IWfl
X , ~ J I O K O B ,UMeIOIUKX TOnbKO T p a B o - m p m , coreTanue ~031iu~amuutx~ a p y m e ~ u f i
nMUUOHHble CpeACTBa, - peaJIU3WUX OnHO- UJTU
K a W O r o H O ~ O U XBblneneHHbIX WnOB MOXff 6MTb
~ T ~ HM
OOnRepHPl3aUUU no I I O ~ H O M ~ C C U T ~ACY
~ H O ~ ~pa3JIH'iHblM A BaPUaHTbI ~ O ~ I O ~ HHemTaTHblX
~ L X
CUTn. npU pa3AeneHUU PeKOHCTpyKuUU H a 3Tanbl Bbr- qaunii Y a C m TpynHO npenc~a3ye~b1.
M M ~ H H OB Ta60p Tuna IITK u TexHnrecKue pemeaun H a nepBoM
K O m pona C y C u T X 06bmeo U B03HUcepbe3HbIe
3Tme pa6m nOnXHbl 6 b l ~ b
3apaHee OPAeHTUPOBaHbl
Hapyrueuun TexuonorwsecKoro pexuMa, B HauxynH a BbElOJlHeHWe 3aKJIH19HTenbHOr0 3Tma.
r u e M BapuanTe npnsomrwe K OcTaHoBy 3 ~ e p r o 6 n o ~ a
T ~ W ~ H QPg3BHTRB
HH
YPOBHB BBTOMBTU3B~HH. anu ero qacTu.
A m o p u m ~aemmamuuecmzo
~
ynpaemenun snepYq& TexHonoruqecmx o r p a ~ u s e ~ uHf i ~ Y H K ~x
nonmeH 606113a~enbZO~~OK~M
A Uo .c m r ~ y ~YpOBeHb
~ i i aBTOMaTW3aUHH B q u o ~ a n b ~ b~apylueaafi
i
pa3pa60~KU anropmMwrecm
nepeym orepenb xapalrrepuyff TaK nmMsaeMMe ~ o f coc~asnnmqek
IUTaTHble pe-61
pa60m ~ H ~ ~ I C I ~ J HI aOKKO~TO, Pble 06ecneqe~unCOBpeMeHHbIX ACY Tn B UenOM M
U OpUeHTUpyeTCX pa!3pa60~~aaJIrOpHTMHreCKOKI
CAF'YM B o c o 6 e u ~ o c ~onpenennlourefi
u,
~ a K o kBax06ecnere~unACY TII. B neirmwenbeomu, oco- HefiIUUfi nOKa3aTenb pa60~bl aBTOMaTU3UpOBaHHOm
T
~ ~ H nm
H O HOBOrO TexHonoM~ecKom0 6 0 p y n o s a ~ m , 3ueproo60pynosa~m,K a K em @ ) ' H K ~ u o H ~ J ~ ~ H C ~XMByYeCTb, T.e. B03MOXHOCTb C O X P a H e H U f l CBOUX @YHKT a m e pexuMbI B nuana3oHe pa6orux ~ a r p y 3 0CO~
U U f i ~OJlHOCTblOHJlU WCTUYHO npU pa3nWIHbIX HapyCTaBJMIoT H e M e H e e 95% B p e M e H H 3KClJJlyZTaUUU, a
me=
B pa6me KaK TexHonorurecKoro 06opyno~aqACJlO UTaTHblX IlyCKOB U3 pa3nUqHbIX TenJIOBblX COHUN, TaK u nepu@epuiiawxy c ~ p o f i ACY
c ~ ~ Tn.
CTO~HE&,
IInaHOBbIX U aBapAfiHb1~OCTaHOBOB - He
a
C O C T ~ B H OSaCTblO
~~
o6ecneMeHee 85 - 90%. B TaKux pexuMax nocne BbmonHe- HW n p 0 6 ~ 1 e ~flBJIXTC5I
H m ~ p e 6 y e ~ o r0o6 5 e ~ HaJIaAKU
a
O C O ~ ~ np06ne~
IX
y qeHm BCepeXUMUOCTk3 pa6m1.1 ACY
TaK K a K
OnepaTUBHOrO IlepCOHaJIa H e B03HUKaeT U KWeCTBO
HaJIUqUe pa3~006p83HM~TUnOB TeXHOnOrUqeCKllX
IlOLLgePXaHUIl TeXHOnOrWWCKHX nPOUeCCOB O C T ~ ~ T - orpn~ureuniicyruemeeHHo pacmwprrm c n e q 803MOXHbIX PeXUMOB 3KCIUIYZTaUUII 0 6 0 p y n o ~ m m a
,
cx nomamrHo BMCOKUM.
X
YCO C H O B H M ~IIp06neMbI H CnOEHOCTH BO3HUKaHT B B03HUKHOBeHUe ( P Y H K U U O H B ~ ~ H ~ ~ HapyIIIeH~
H e n r r a T H M x pemwMax, npu TexHonoruqecKux u
noxHneT peanu3aunm (Pyu~uaGynpasnemn UMU.
@ ~ H K I U I O H ~ ~ ~HapymeHmx.
H~IX
npn TexHonowqeB Haurux npoelrrax ACY TII n C A P W q y m b ~ x
C K U X HaPyUleHUflX BO3HHKalOT OTJlUYUII P e X U M O B OT
TPaAUqUOHHblX
3~epm6no~o
200,
~
300, 500,
m a m b l x , H a K o T o p M e 6bm OpnempoBm npoelrr aB800 MBT (a ux 6onee 40), ~ ~ c r m y a ~ u p y l Hoa~ c x
m~am3auuu.npn pa6orux uarpy3~ax3T0 B nepBym npoTnxeHuu pnna neT, npou3senea ~ c e c ~ o p o ~ ~ u f i
oqepem TexHonornrecKue OrpaHureHm, c ~ n 3 a ~ ~ b 1
yY
e e ~TeXHOnOrUqeCKUX O ~ ~ H A Y ~U H@YHKUUOA ~ ~
c ucrepnaHseM nuanmonos perynupymIuux ~03nefi- ~ a n b ~ ~ba~pxy r u e ~ u 06mae
fi.
nonxonbl K yr&y TexC T B U ~U~ H3MeHeHHeM COCTaBa 06opynosanm (LWlee
uonorwqecmx orpariuqe~nfi
a @ ~ H K U U O H ~ ~ L . H ~uaIX
3 ~ npo6newa
a
paccMoTpeHa 6onee nonpo6wo). B nycpyILIeHUfi B CAPgM U OCHOBHbIe KaHaJIbI pe~JIUp0KOBblX
OCTaHOBOqHbIX peXUMaX TeXHOJlOl'UqeCKUe
B a H m 3Hepr06n0~0~
U3nOXeHbI B [13]U nOKa3aHbl Ha
HaPYIUeHAfl BO3HUKaloT WIUe BCeIKl B CBI13H C Hempnc. 1. Heo6xonu~oO T M ~ T U T L , YTO B UenoM pflne
TOBHOCTbH) IlnU HeynOBneTBOpUTeJIbHblMU XapaKTecrryraes pe~ou(PurypauunC T ~ Y K I ~ ~ HcxeM
~ I XK a H a PUCTUKBMU OTneJIbHblX TeXHOJlOlliYeCKUX Y u l O B , B
nOB P e v J I U p O B a H m C Uenblo y Y e ~ aB03HHKUlWX HaPYOCHOBHOM AClTOJlb3YeMblX TOnbKO B 3TUX PeEUMaX U
UeUUfi CBX3aHa C U3MeHeHUeM P U H a M H Y e C K U X
novroMy He npoeepneMblx B nuanrworie pa6orux Ha- cB0fiCTB yYaCTKOB PeryJlUpOBaHWl U PWI o6ecnerevY30K. n0iI @ Y H K U I I O H ~ ~ ~ H ~ IH
MaP
MYUeHUIIMH nonun coxpaHeHun Karecma npoqecco~perynupoBarinx
HuMamcn O T K ~ ~nepu@epafi~oro
~ I
0 6 0 p y ~ o ~ a u u n~pe6ymcflm u cnewanbHoe nocTpoeHue ncxon~oii
ACY
- naTYUKOB, IlpUBOnOB, apMaT)'pbl.
c ~ p y m y p b( ~
B YacTHoCTn, nnn ocyurecTBneHwn TaK
Ee3ycnos~0, B npouecce pa3pa60TKU npoeKTa
~a3breae~oii
cxeMt.1 "nepe~opma"[14]), nnn amoACY TII ynennmcn onpenene~eoeBawMaHue ao3- nonclpofirca napaMeTpos H ~ C ~ O ~ K U .
MOEHOCTW BO3HAKHOBeHWfl K a K TeXHOJlOrHqeCKNX O r Ecnu PaCCMOTpeTb COBpeMeHHylO C X e M y alWOMapaHUYeHUfi, TaK
@ Y H K U W O H ~ ~ ~ HOTKa30B:
~IX
P
i OnUTuyecKoro perynupoBaHm c n o x u b ~Texuonornre~
HOqHbIe, H name HeKOTOpble K O M ~ U H U P O B ~ H HHa~ I ~ C K A M y3nOM ( ~ ~ T ~ T TpaKTOM
~ ~ ~ H
MHOTOIIOTOYHO~ I M
PYlUeHIlrr YqUTblBalOTCfl npn pa3pa6m~eaJIKlpUTMOB
m KoTna; nonaqefi yrnn B
O ~ O P Y ~ O B ~ HcxeWI~~
ynpasneHsn (pe~o~@urypaunn
m p y ~ cxeM
~ ~ M x O npflMOrO
~
BnyBaHUn nbIJlU; COBMeCTHblM C m a pery,TXTOpOB,nOnOJlHUTeJlbHble BeTBU IUZWOBblX np0HUeM Ta3a U Ma3yTa U
[14]),TO O C H O B H O ~ 6a30~,
Tn
noc-
nw-
A~H-
Tn,
m
men,
np.
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
nanseme~mawmwwc6m.a
k m m ~ s n p 8 m
M OM~OYRMR
~
I
ACP
I
-- -
T-npl-u~w
Pnc. 1. C~~ymypuam
cxema opra~n3aunny g h T e m o n o m e c K l m o r p a H m e n n n H @ ~ H K U H O H B ~ ~napytoe~~ii
H~~X
B CAPqM
pa6mb1 PeryTIXTOpOH COCTaBNleT H e
6onee 30% ero @ y ~ ~ u u o ~ a n bc o~noe pr xoa H u s , oueH H B a e M O m , H a n p P i M e p , no YUCJIJ' UCnOJlb3yeMbIX UIi-OpUTMUYeCKUX ~ J I O K O B .Bc&O C T U I b H O e (70 - 80%) BbIfi U I r O P I l T M
@OPMYIPOB~HWI CUrHUIOB U3MeHeHUX
c q y ~ ~ y pACP
b ~ w n a p a M e T p o B ~acTpoRmee 3neMeHTOB H a OCHOBe ~ ~ eCOBOKYIIHOCTU
fi
BXO~HOE
UH@O~M~UHM
no TeXHOJIOrUYeCKAM OI'paHUYeHWIM E l
( P Y H K L I U O H ~ ~ ~HHa~PIYMI U e H m M naHHOlY3 TeXHOJlOMYeCKOrO y3na U aJKOpFfIMb1 y Y & a C@OPMIIPOB~HH~IX
JlOrAYeCKHX ~ C ~ O B U ~
3TO J l O M K a
,&TM
pnna
TeXHOnOMYeCKUX yrtJlOB CyIUeCTByeT
HeKoTopEUl H ~ ~ ~ I T O Y H O YUCJIa
C T ~ PevJlHPyIOuIEiX Op-
MWbHO
MOXeT
6b1~b
JlE06b1~. OAHW
mfl
uenecoo6pa3~0U M e T b
OIITEiMU3aUUU p a 6 0 ~ b l KOTJJa
OnUHaKOByIO TeIUIOBylO HaI'pY3KY K a r n g o f i TOpenKU, U
n03TOMY n O n O n H U T e j l b H 0 B O ~ A ~ % T B U ~ H
Ma pa3HOCTb
pacxonos m a u M a 3 y T a n o m e p x u B a e r c f l c m o m e m e na~nenufineyx BWOB TO-a
nepen r o p e m a M a .
T~KUM
06pa30~, n n f l nono6~1.1~T e x t i o n o r u s e cmx y w o u~M e I o T M e m o H e c m n b m clyneseir y s e ~ a
orpanuseaufi. Ha nep~oiiu3 HUX, H a n p H M e p npn noT e p e B O ~ M O ~ O C Tynpasnesm
U
O ~ H U Mu3 K n a n a n o B ,
H u K a K o m ymep6a 3ana~epejnuposaum narpy3~u
H e H a H o c m c x , a T e p n e T c n BO~MOXHOCTL. 06ecnereHWI 0 t I T U M U I b H 0 f i ~ @ @ ~ K T U B H O C TBeAeHUfl
A
PeXHMa.
no OTHOIlIeHUH, K T P ~ ~ Y ~ M O RMn fYl U3MeHeHUfl
H a l p y r t m i . Hanpu~ep,n n f l p e r y n n p o s a H m H ~ ~ I ~ S
OT n u T a T e n b H o m yvla ~ p e 6 y e ~ C nf lo m e p x a H u e 3a-
TO ~pe6yeTU3MeHeHUn CTPYIcrypbI ACP COOTBeTCTK BYIOIUeTO
U
TeXHOnOrYIYeCKOrO Y3JIa, HO HUKaK H e 8511111e~ H a pa6o~yCAP'IM. Ha cnenymueR c T y n e H n yeAaHHOlY3 P a C X O n a BOnbl no K a W O M y IIOTOKy U AJIS
T a o r p a ~ u ~ e ~H ~
a nfp iu M
, e p npu n e p e B o n e H a AMC3TOrO AOCTaTOYHO U M e T b M f l K a X n O m H 3 HUX pevT a H u u o H H o e ynpasnenue npyrom perynupymqero
JIUpyIOuIHfi n U T a ~ 3 I b H b I f iK J I m a H (PnK). Aonon~n- manana, yxe ~ e o 6 x o n u ~npennpnunnnam
o
Mept.1,
T e n m o e perynupymmee ~03neRmsue- npou3eonuCBX3aHHbIe C OI'paHHYeHFieM @ Y H K U H O H B ~ B03~H~IX
TeJlbHOCTb OnHOrO I i n A nBYX IIUTaTenbHbIX ~ y p 6 0 ~ a -M O X H O C T
C~A
~ m .
cocos (nTH) - x m e T c x nnx p e r y n u p o s a H n n ~ a r p y 3 KpaRue B W e H flk BJIUnHUfl TeXHOJlOMYeCKUX
KU U ~ ~ ~ I T O Y H ~B IOM~ A ~ % C T B U ~ HO
M , WCIIOJIb3YeTCfl
orpauuqeuufi u ( P Y H K U U O H ~ ~ ~ ~H a~ IpXy ~ u e ~Hua fpai
M f l OIITUME13aIWU P e X U M a p a 6 0 T b 1 I l H T ~ e J l b H O K l 6 0 CAPYM
~
n p U BbInOJIHeHHU KMH ~ p e 6 0 B m U f i
y3na c u e n b m , H a n p u M e p , nonnepxmm nepenana c T a H n a p T a C u c ~ e ~ ~onepampa
om
"HOPM~I
yqacTun
nasne~ufiH a ~ a ~ c u ~ a OTKP~ITOM
n b ~ o PnK B (PYHK- ~ H ~ P T O ~ J I O KT3C
O B B HOPMUPOBaH€IOM IIePBAYHOM II
UUU OT H a v Y 3 K U .
a s r o M a T E i q e c K o M BTOPHYHOM p e r y n n p o B a H u n Y a c T o raHOB
H~CKOJI~KO
no-UHOM~
o6c~omneno c 3anareir cor a a n M a 3 y T a . 3 n e c b nnx o6ecneqeam y n p a B n e a n n ~alpy3~0fi
H~O~XO~RM
803O
A ~ ~ ~ C T B OHBa ~PeryTIPIpyIorUUe
T~
KJIallaHbI o6oux BU-
Tbl
n O B TOllJlHBa, HO COOTHOLUeHAe UX PaCXOAOB @OP-
H e U M e e T MeCTa. n p 0 n B J l J l K I T ~ nOHM 06b1YH0 B T O -
BMecTnoro C x u r a H m
(HnP'I
PI
ABPY)".
~ T CUCTeMbl
U
IIpOXOEXT C e p l U -
@ H K ~ U U O H H UCIIbITaHUfl,
~I~
HO npG&eMa
B TOM, YTO B
CrIeUUBnbHO IIO.ArOTaBnUBaeMbIX ACnblTaHUIIX 60316UIUHCTBO
~ a p y m e ~ nuf iorpasureuu%, x a K npanuno,
uecce nnu~enbeofisKcnnyaTaqnn CAPYM H BOSHA- sanm - ~ex~onornsecmfi
u @ y ~ ~ u n o ~ cnrm~oQ
m,no 6onbmefi YacTn, HeoxnnanHo nnn nepcoaa- Hanu3auuefi.
na. B o c c T ~ H o ! ~ nonnofi
I ~ H ~ ~pa6omcnoco6~ocru
~
T ~ Xe,
K KaK Pi Ann antOpUTMOB YIlpaBJIem, OCOCUCTeMbI M O X W noTpe60~al'bonpenen&HHol'OBpeMe- 6ym m o m wMeeT o p n e m m n onepampcmro
HH,n B pnne cnyqaes Tame nannr~rtPeMonTnom ue~ep@eEcana neiic~sunB HemTmm c u ~ ~ a u m x .
nepconana.
B nepBym ovepenb 3m KacaeTcn c u r ~ a n u ~ a wKOu,
Onepamusn~tKonmponb u ynpaanenua Cospe- ~ o p a nnonmna 06ecnevn~ancsoeBpeMeHHoe n ~ e o p MenHble n p o r p a ~ ~ n o - ~ e x ~ n s ecpencTsa
c ~ u e sepx- Muposanne onepaTopoe 3 ~ e p m 6 n o ~Aa nexcypeoro
X
Hero ypoe~nACY Tll 06ecnevnsam~BO~MOXHOCTL nepconana ACY Tl7 o B O ~ H ~ K U I UTexnonorusecmx
~ ~ X
u
u c n o n b ~ o ~ a cpencrB
~ns
onepampcKoro u~~ep@efica,orpanusenluor n + ~ H K U H O H ~ ~ HHapymeHunx
~o~
cnoco6e KX yvera.
COOTBeTCTByIOUnX COBpeMeHHOMy YPOBHIO aBTOMa- n p o n 3 ~ e n e ~aLrroMmmecKu
xapa~repa3ymulwxcpyHmno~anb~b~e
T U ~ ~ U U TexHonornqecKux
A
npoueccoB. Knaccnqe- Pnn CO~UTUB,
c m Monenb nefiasm onepaTopa slanmvam B ce6x Hapymenm, HanpnMep nepeeon Ha pywoe ynpasneB
3~epw6noTPW y p o ~ m06ecne~enmpeureHwr em @ymuno- Hue OCHOBHHX K ~ H ~ J I O PerynupoBaHun
TexHanbHblX 3ana.I: HaBbIKU, YMeHUe, 3HaHHfl. Bb~co~anKa, ~ b r ~ o c m cnan yposeHb npenynpenu~enb~ofi
fi
B C B ~ cU ~nor006pacTenenb B B T O M ~ T U ~ ~ U U~xnonomvecKux
U
npouec- ~ o n o r n ~ e c mcnr~ann3aun~.
COB,nonHombm IIOKPUBM n e k m m onepaTopa, KO- 3neM B03MOXHbIX HelUTLmlbIX ~UTyauEifiuenecoo6nnn KX anannsa cnewanbnmx
TOpble BbInOJIHRnUCb Ha 6a3e HaBbIKOB, n 60nbUIyIO p a n o ncnonbso~a~ue
BHneOrpaMM, T ~ ~ J I A)'IIPoIU~HH~IX
U,
CTPyKTypHbIX
s a c n nefic~sufiHa 6a3e ynreem ( T ~KK
aK o6e ~ T COU
CTaBlIflmRlEie nOCTaTOVH0 IlpOCTO aBTOMaTR3HPYIUT- cxeM, a m o p m o ~6, n o ~ - c x ne ~p w m pemesufi.
Nnmezpaqun ACY Tn. B U W O M H ~ O ~ X O ~ U M O ~
cn), BbmemaeT Ha nepsblfi nnaH UCK~CCTBOucnonbmupoKoe
H nocTamsHo 6 p n o e Bnenpenue MHKPO3OBaHlC2 SH~HUP.
OCHOBOB
3TUX 3HaHUfi flmeTCflAH@ O P M ~ reHepnpyeMM
U~,
CaMHM IITK npU rpaMOT- npoueccopHblx c p e n m amoMaTHqecmro ynpameH&C4 Ha P O C C U ~ ~ C K I ~T3C
X
HMeJlO H onpe~eJI&~~yIO
HO BUnonHeHHoM npoeme ACY T n n npenocramean Ha BnneoMoHuTopax u 60nbmHx sqanax, a "06paTHyIo CToPOHY ena an^", 3aKJUOYaBnryloCflB nom
rn
Tame, 6e3ycnoe~0,Maaepcmo caMom onepampa flaneenu Ha M H O ~ XT3C p a 3 ~ 0 p o n ~ nTK,
IIpaBIinbHO BOCnPHHflTb C@OPMBPOB~HHYH) UH@OP- 6 m o 06ycnome~oU~JIEJMp x n o ~@amopos:
OcHweHueM sasona~ncBoero TexHonomsecKoMawm a npuHnTb Mepbl no ee ncnonb3o~a~um.
K I 06opynosa~mKOMlUleKTHO TlOCTaBnfleMbIMH noB KaYeCTBe COBpeMeHHbIX B O ~ M O X H OHaCT~~~,
IlpaBneHHblX Ha CYJIIeCTBeHHOe nOBblILIeHHe B TOeK- KUI~HHMH CncTeMaMu amMa~qecKomynpasnem
HnA 06pa6mm E ~ H @ O ~ M ~ U U U (EIjlee JIOKmbHbIe
Tax 6nuxatimux neT s @ @ e m s ~ o cnenTenbHocm
~n
ACY);
onepaTuBnom nepcoHana, cnenym na3saTb [ l , 21:
CTpeMneHUeM TeXHOnOTHYeCKHX UeXOB T3C (KOTUCnOJIbZOBaHUe K J I H ~ H T - c ~ ~ B ~ ~CTPYKTj'
H o ~ ~ PbI
n a r y p 6 u ~ ~ o r 03nerrrpouexa,
,
xuMnsecKoro uexa H
BepxHero ypoann ACY TII, no%sonnmmeirnpenclaanp.) ocHamaTb caoe 060pynosa~ne~au6onee@YKm b Ha nm6oB onepampc~oficTaHusu nm6ym socnpHHXIYl0 nTK TeKYLqYIO U PEl'POCneKTUBHyIo UI- UAOHUIbHO IIOAXOnfl1IIAMH JlOKanbHblMA ACy He 3a60Tfl~b0 B03MOXHOCTH MX UHTerpaUUU CO CpenCTBa4op~armmc B O ~ M O X H O C pa3rpannqeHnn
~~
npas MU 6a30~0fiACY T n 3Hepr06~10KaI i n U CTaHUAA B
nocTynHa K uefi (slanm~annpasa KOHTPOM H ynpas- UWIOM;
nesun) onepamnoro nepconana pa3~oroTexHonoCyUIeCTBymIWiM Ha MHOrnX 3neKTPOCTaHWflX
IWICCKOM) Ha3HWeHm U YPOBWl OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH
pmnenenweM Ha ACY Tll TMO s ACY TII 3T0, BUn p e BseneHwr
~
naponeii;
IlOnHeHHHM game Bcero Ha 6a3e PaVlUYHblX IITK, C
nepexon OT paHee n p u ~ e n a e ~ oXf&i C T K O ~H~ enn- pa3JIHYHbIM OnepaTOpCKEiM U H T ~ ~ @ ~ ~ (nepcne~C O M
HOG Ha BeCb p o e m CTPyKT!fPbIBWneOrpaMM K ITpaK- TUBU annapa~nofiu n p o r p a ~ ~ ~emerpaunu
ofi
aTux
TUYeCKA HeOt'paHUYeHHOMY UX qHCny U BOSMOXHO- IITK 06cymsanacs B pa3nene "Cpenc~samMaTuCTU C03AaHUfl C O ~ C T B ~ H H OCOCTaBa
~O
BHAeOrpaMMHO- 3auUH" naH~0fiC T ~ T ~ H . ) ;
m 06ecnwennn nnn cneuuanncTos, pa3nusm~nxcn
H~YY&OM npa nposenenun KOHK~PCOB no Bb160@ Y H K U H O H ~ ~ H ~ HmHaqeHneM,
IM
ypoBHeM npoaec- py IIOCTaBLUHKOB IITK OTnenbHblX XperaTOB I4 YCTaCHOHZIJI~HO~~
IIO.4rOTOBKU A IIHYHUMW KaYeCTBaMU;
HOBOK DeUIbHblX (a He 06eIUae~b1~)
BO~MOXHOCT~~~
B O ~ M O X H O C T ~npencTaBneHnn Ha omofi Bnneo~ o r o;nu u ~ o r o~ I T Kno n ~ ~ e r p a h ucu n p y r u ~ ~
t'paMMe pa3~006pa3~0fi
U H @ O ~ M ~ U H U~eo6xonu~ofi
,
nTK, HCnOJIb3yeMbIMU Ha naIiH0fi T3C.
rn nau6onee ~ @ @ ~ K T A B H O npHHmm
~U
u peanwsaPe3yJIbTaToM T ~ K pa3HOpOnHOCTU
O ~
XBnfltOTCfl:
UHU p e m e ~ ~ fHanPHMeP,
i,
@ P ~ T M ~ H T OTeXHOJIOTr(9eB
peanH3aUnfl MeXKOHTPONIepHblX cBX3efi npaKEiC K O ~CXeMbl C OKHaMM YnpaBJIeHHfl H nHnUKaUUU,
YeCKU nOnHOCTbI0 Ha IIpOBOnHOM ypOBHe;
@YHKUUOH~~~H
CX~eM
~ X anrOPUTMOB ynpaBJleHW4,
ncnonbsoea~ueuu@posoro 06~eHaB OCHOBHOM
a p a r ~ e ~ npo-rolcona
~os
c ~ r ~ a n a 3 a u arpa@u~os
a,
ne- no OPC-KaHaJy H, KaK IIPaBUnO, TOnbKO Ann HaKOIIpexonnbIx npoueccos;
neHm ~ ~ X U B HH HO@~ O~~ M ~ U U U ;
pa3~006pa3~ble
nUanOroBb1e BOSMOXHOCTU pa6oHiUU'iUe B OnepaTUBHOM KOHTYPe BWfieOMOHUTOTbI C OCHOBHblM RHCTPYMeHTOM ~ U C T P O ~ peaUp0O
p o pa3~b1x
~
llTK c pa3nny~ofioprmusauuefi onepa-
PBC.2. Y ~ p y n ~ e u ~c~pymypnan
an
cxeMa ACY TII T3C
~ o p c ~ on~~ep@efica,
ro
ocnoxmmqnx pa6o~yn npooprauummm nocqma Ha n106o~p a 6 o s e ~Meme
BOUUPYIOWAX O U I U ~ K UB AeXTenbHOCTW OlIePaTUBHO- K TOE BH@OPMBLIUU U B03MOXHOCTU YTIpaBneHm "0
ro nepconana.
TOMY O~OPYAOB~HWH)
T3C, m p o e HaxODTCX B Tex~0Jl0r~'ie~KOfi
OTBeTCTBeHHOCTU C0OTBeTCTByH)yIeI'O
C y q h o ~3~0i-oOAHBM n3 ~ a x ~ e i l m nacnemB
x
nanb~efiureropa3sn~mACY TII Ha T3C xmeTcs onepaTmHoro p a 6 0 ~ H ~ ~ a ;
YHH@WKB~UII (no BO~MOXHOCTU)
TeXHIlYeCKHX PeUIecoxpaHeHne npoeonHoro 0 6 ~ e a aTOJMO nnr
~ n fno
i ACY TII pmnquoro TexnonorusecKoro 060- (PY~~uufi,
~ p e 6 y m q mnosmmea~ofi~ a n e m o w un
p y n o m m n nHTerpaw m x ACY TTI B ennuym ~brco~oro
6blc~poneiim~m
(3aqm1.1, ManonnepwACY Tll T3C.
OHHbIe KOHTYpbI P ~ ~ I I A P O B I U I H I I ) ;
urnpoKoe ncnonb3o~a~ne
npoTomna IEC 61850 B
B Kaqecme OCHOBH~IXXapamepnwnK ~ a m f UHi
CeTflX nepeJ(aqM AaHHblX Ha YPOBHe TepMEiHmOB pe~erpUpoBCIHH0fiACY T n CnenyeT B b m k i T % :
~ W H T n ynpasneHxn 3 n e m p n r e c ~ u
o6opy~
peann3a~wmBcex pa6osm Mew onepaTueHoro nefi~b~x
nepcoHana Ha coomexmymmeM nomy ynpaBneHm AOBaHkieM H IIPllMeHeHYIe ~ @ @ ~ H H B H ~ IYXC T P O ~ ~ C T B
(3~epro6no~n; O ~ I ~ ~ ~ H W ~ YOCTC
HIHO
HBK
~n, I ~C M 3 H (lWlI030~)nnrr COennHeHHx ceTn IEC 61850 c
YCTaHOBKII.
uMemqne nowbl ynpasneem; c ~ a ~ q n o ~ ~ypob l f i 6a30Bb1~IITK ~00TBeT~~BylolUe~
Ha pnc. 2 npencTanneHa y t c p y n ~ e ~ ~CTPYKT~Pan
BeHb) Ha OCHOBe Bepmero YpOBHIl 6 a 3 0 ~ 0IITK
~
~ a r cxeMa
r
n o m a K nocrpoeHnm ACY TII T3C, B
ACY TII naunoro o 6 a e ~ ynpaBneHm;
~a
peann3aqnm Ha pavlmsb~xpa6orux MecTax one- onpenenemoii wenem xapamepn3ymqan peureann,
PaTIiBHOrO IlepCOHana @a3Hble 3Hepro6JI0~~,
YnpaB- ucnonmsamble Ham B npoemax HOBMX 3 n e q o nenne TMO n 3 T 0 n np.) no BO~MOXHOCTUonmiam- cTaH4nfi [3,5].
ACY TII T3C BlcnmqaeT B ce6m:
B ~ I Xnnx 6na3~xx~ C H O B H ~ Ipeure~ufi
X
no onepmopCKOMY U H T ~ P $ ~ ~ ~( Cu YB ~ T
OK
~H,a YtIpaBneHUfl H UHACY T n KamnOm 3HepID6noKa (Ha PMCyHKe nonDnHunnbI nocmoeHm neuaoxu~ecmfi m?a~i-%nenrn6no~).
mumon.--r- ..~
....,, coneamamlo
..
.
r
.
.
.
.. KaK .
.
.
.
.
. r--.nnKauxM.
.
CTPYKlYPbI BIIAeOTpaMM, K J I ~ C C P ~ @ H K
H ~cnoco6
IW
JIepHb1E J'pOBeHb, TaK H ypOBeHb OlIepaTOpCKoIW UHnpenmamenm cnr~ann3annnu np.);
~ep@efica;
O ~ ~ C I I W ~ 6nn3~nx
HM~
n u ~ a ~ u ~ e xapamep~ic~nx
ACY T n oTnenbHblx 0 6 m e m ~ o ~ ~BCIIOMOsrx
CTUK OnepaTOpCKOrO n~~ep$efiCa
BHe 3aBHCHMOCTn raTenbHbIX CKCTeM (OBC), HTIlMep ~eIGlI04Ei~auFiOT Tom, qepe3 KOHTpOnnepbI KaKEiX nTK OCyi4eCTBO H H O ~YCTaHOBKn
~
(TQ), I I U P K H ~ C O C H O ~ ~ ~03llfinne~cnc w b c O G ~ ~ K T Oy M
npame~m;
cTsa x n n ~ o r oTonnnea (m),
o ~ r c p ~pacnpenym ~ ~
.
,
&
A
.
~
~
~
~
--
m),
cTp0fi~~Ba
(OPY). ~ O ~ ~ W U H C TTBaOm YCTaHOBOK 38 IIOn BJIMHUeM BHerUHUX UH@POB~IX
ceTefi CBX3b C
ncKnmqeHueM xuMBonooqucTKu (XBO) He aMeer no- ACY TII nonxaa ocyUecTBnnTbcn qepe3 3 a q u ~ ~ b 1 e
~ O I I H H ~ IMecT
X
OnepaTuBHorO nepco~ana,u ux co6- y c ~ p o g c ~fire-wall
sa
(FW).
meHHbre ACY T n orpaHnqenar ~ o n b KoHTponnep~o
HUM YPOBUeM;
ypoaeHb onepaTopcKom nn~ep@eiicaHaqanbHx1. Csudepcxuti A. I?, XepnenbX Hosble rexHnsecxne cpencTea
KOB CMeH OTnenbHbIX UeXOB, a T-e
BPeMeHHbIX II
n m a ~ ~ o ~ a ~ u 3 oa buenmno e 3 ~ e p r e ~ n n-n .Tenno3uepreIIO(TTOIIHUb1X (XBO) pa6o~uxMeCT yIlpaRlIeHrn OBC;
T E K q 2008,N? 10.
2. CeudepcK~liA.r, 6 r n e ~ x B.
o A , , ~ U C K OB. B. ABTOMBTA~~:
O ~ U ~ C T ~ H U U O HypOBeHb
H ~ I ~ ~ )'IlpaBneHnX (oyy),
llns poccnAcxom 3~epre~usecxom
060pyno~a~un:
srepa,
s~nmqamurniiB ce6n pa6ovee Memo HasanbHnKa
cemnm, sasrpa. - 3 n e q n s e c w e cTaHunn, 2009,N?2.
CMeHbI T3C Ha UeHTpaJIbHOM IttUTe YIlpaBJIeHWl
3. Ocnoenwe pemenm no noc.rpoeunm ACY Tll Cesepo-38(UUY),Ha KOTOPOM IlpeACTaBNleTCfl BCn o63op~an
naxnoii T34 r. Canm-ne~ep6ypra1 KocTmn P. W., 6lmeuKO B. A,, YXMOBC. B. n np. - 3 n e q n s e c n n e cTasunw,
ne@op~aqnnno pa6are T3C, a + m e KonTpomep,
2004,N? 1.
peana3ymuuii @ynmrnn OY CAPYM n npyrue
4
.
Onwm
p a 3 p a 6 m n nuenpenm n o n n o ~ a c m ~ a 6 ~ACY
oA
@yn~qun,
H~O~XOAUM
.am
~ I ~06ecneqenan nenrenbTII 3uepm6nona IK'Y na T3U-27 OAO "Mocsnepm" 1KonHOCTN na~anbnmcacMeHu crawnn.
COB A. R.,Cannepc~nii
A. T., 6nnenm B. A. n np. - 3 n e ~ rpmecwe eraem, 2009,N?2.
0 6 m ~ ~op wnocnemue comannnmurne ACY TII
5. Onwm pa3pa6ann H snenpenua ACY l l W - 3 2 5kieauoe
T3C o&enuruwrcn B ennHylo ACY TII OBC A O W
CKOA TP3C I 6nnenm B. A,, q e p u o ~ m nW. 3., ApraT3C, uMemnyo c ~ 3 cn €I.~O=IHIJM~ ACY T n n Ha
nos C. B. n np. - 3 n e q e s e c ~ n crasunn,
e
2009,Ns 2.
yposne KoHTponnepHbIx muH unn man ' ' a ~ r n ~ a ~ u 3 a - 6. ACY TI7 3uepm6nona 500 MBT Pe@ncRoli TP3C I Tpeqnn" (Automation Bus), a Ha yponHe man TepMuHaXOB n. n., 6 m e n m B. A,, ~ e p m H.
r H. n np. - 3 n e ~ ~ p n q e c u e c r w n , 2002,N?5.
nos. Becb o 6 ~ e nw ~ @ o p ~ a w eneo6xonnm1k
ii,
nnrr
7. Mdepnusayun ACY Trl suepro6n0~0s800 MBT 6epemspeann3auuu a n r o p s t ~ oynpamenun,
~
ocymecTmemir TP3C-I 1 6enuA B. B., Kncenes H).A,, C m m eTcn sepe3 c s n 3 ~KonTponnepHbIx man, a wcnonb3yeHOB B. A. n np. - 3nelrrpn9ec~ne
m u w n , 2004,Ns 1.
~ b 1 knnX BblnOnHeHWI @ Y H K U H ~OnepaTOPCKOKI AH8. Aema~amusayun3nepm6noms T-250T34 Mocsnepm na
~ep@efica
MOXeT 6b1~bOpraHA30BaH n0 CBfl3flM MeX6a3e nporpaMMHo-rexlutqecrmro KOmneKca SPPA-T3000I
Tanbnepsna A. W., rpexoe n. n., 3axapems A. B. n np. Ay LUUHaMU O ~ O U XY P O B H ~ ~BIJ~OP
~.
OnTIcMWIbHOm
3ne~rpnrecrnemanuen, 2009,N?2.
pelueHun onpenenneTcn B nepBym oqepenb xapam9. Modep~waywrACY Tll3nepro6noms 800 MBT IIep~cmA
PUCTUKaMU U U @ ~ O B O ~06~eHa
O
o6oux Y ~ O B MeXH ~ ~
TP3C 1 C ~ p y m A.
s n., Yepno~3ae11.3..Hewnos K. A. u
Ay CBff3bIBaeMbIMU nTK.
ne
2009,N? 2.
np. - 3 n e m p n ~ e c ~ cTanunn,
B ACY TII T3C npenycMaTpasaeTca C B ~ Lc 10. Cucmaita anroMarnsecmm perynnposanna uaamm n MOUHOCTH nblne~0nbHbrX3Hepro6noKOB 500 MBT P~@UHCIW~~
3HeprOCUCTeMHbIMU YCTPO~CTB~MII,
KaK nnfl npUMrP3C I 6nneHKO B. A,, Tanbnepnna A. ki., MnuymeTAU KOMaHn aBTOMaTAYeCKOr0 BTOpUqHOrO PeIyJIUpOBUY 3.3. n np. - 3neqnqecnne C T ~ H U U R ,2009,N? 2.
BaHUX qaCTOTb1 (ABPq), TaK U W IIepeAaYH AaHHblX 1 I. nonos
U. B.. U d m ~0. M. I7031anaan ~ o n e p ~ n 3 a u nACY
n
MonnTopnHra 06 VacTuu T3C B penteHuu 3~epr0Tll 3~epm6noms200 MBT Xapauopc~otirP3C. - 3nexCACTeMHbIX 3anaq. O ~ ~ ~ A Ul uH
U H ~TepMUHaJIOB
H U ~
Tunqecxse cTawnu. 2009.N? 2.
06pa3yer eAnHyl0 UH@OPM~UUOHHYH) CeTb ACY T n 12. ~banmayun CKY kuepi6noxo~3 0 0 M B ~Wpu~nnnc~ofi
TP3C K cosoeMennblM ~ o e 6 o ~ a n 3~cnnva~aunn
nn~
I 6wenT3C. B qacTHocm, no 3~0iiceTu M O ~ nepenasam~ T
KO B. A,, ~ ~ P H O M
M.~3.,~ KB Y ~ H ~ U
H.OA.BI( np. - 3ne~TpUCII TeK)'IWie 3HaYWm TeXHWKO-3KOHOMU'ieCKUX noqecxne cTaewn, 2009,Ns 2.
mmenefi 3nepro6no~onc qenbm ncnonb3o~a~un
Ha 13. Yvem B CAPYM 3~epro6noxosTexHonornsecxux orpaHuqeO W T3C m o m ~ n 3 a w paenpenenenus
n
narpyn ~ V H K U U O H ~ J ~ H ~ D~ Xv U I C H /~ ~~ ~M ~ ~ HB.KA,.
O MenaMen A A., Mn~yuresnq3 3. n np. - ~ e n n o s ~ e ~ r e n i x a .
3OK MeXAy ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J I o~IH@o~M~L!F~oHH~R
I C ~ M M .
CeTb
2009,N? 10.
ACY TII T3C n o m a 6bl~bC B X ~ ~c ACYn
H ~
T3C, B
TOM KMCne C OH@OPM~?L@~OHHO~ CeTbIO IlpeAIIpNRTAII.
&n npenoxpaHeHnn ACY TII ar enpycoe u npyrnx
H ~ ~ Y I I I ~ee
H HHOpMaJIbHONl
~
@~HKWOH~~OB~HU~
nepcnenusbl rennosblx aenpomHqbiA
Paapa6oma nblneyronbworo
3 ~ e p r o 6 n o m~a c y n e p ~ p ~ r w r e c ~ u e
napaMerpb1 napa ~ o q ~ o c r b o
660 MBT
L!
"
3HEPrOCVICTEMbl H
3nEKTPM'iECKME CETM
ii
~ F UIIOebllUeHUU ~@@BKIuBHOCTM
3nenpoce~eeoroKoMnneKca POCCUM
i
ABTOMATH3MPOBAHHblE CMCTEMbl
Cosepwe~crsosa~ue
aBTOMaTU3UPOBaHHblX CUCTeM
ynpasneHw9 sneprervlrec~n~
o6opyflosa~ue~
1
i
-
~ 8
I
i
.
o HOPMATMBHO-TEXHM~ECKOM
AOKYMEHTAUMH
0 HOpMaTUBHOfi flOKyMeHTallUU
B sne~~poa~epreru~e
XPOHMKA
HOBOCTM C u c r e ~ ~ o oneparopa
ro
.
.