Vanke Star Garden

Vanke Star Garden
Beijing China
Preliminary Design
Proposal
February 24, 2000
MIT DEPARTMENT OF
ARCHITECTURE
SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
PROJECT IN CHINA
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 1
Architectural Design Priorities
•
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•
•
•
•
•
Reduce energy consumption of buildings
Improve air quality and ventilation
o Create duplex apartments with double-height spaces and floorthrough apartments - maximizing potential for natural ventilation
o Design units to have 2 sides available for ventilation
Minimize circulation
o Elevator stops every three floors – to the circulation level of the
cluster
o Residents then can enter apartments at the circulation level or
take stairs to levels below and above.
o Savings on capital and maintenance costs.
Divide building into separate cluster zones of three stories within a highrise apartment complex
o Sixteen Units make up one cluster zone
o Each cluster has a shared social gathering space
o Possible shared functions such as for laundry, mailboxes, or
place for children to play
o Double-height atrium space functions as lobby and creates landscaped terrace gardens in the sky
South-facing rooms must have proper shading in the summer yet allow
low-angled winter light to pass through
Design at site level
o to promote good ventilation for each building
o understand ‘microclimate’ created at lower zone of building
Design the exterior form to signify ‘green’ building
Climatic Design Priorities
Winter:
• Keep heat in and cold temperatures out.
• Protect from the cold winter winds.
• Let the winter sun in.
Spring/Fall:
• Use natural ventilation to decrease need for dehumidification.
• Intermediate season has to be stretched for minimizing energy consumption.
Summer:
• Keep the hot temperatures out.
• Protect from summer sun.
• Minimize solar gains.
Preliminary Sketch for Plan
Design Priorities and Intentions
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 2
unit type h
small 3 br
110 sm
unit type f
upper level
large 4 br
164 sm
unit type a
large 3 br
132 sm
Typical Floor Plan for levels:
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
At the levels just above and below the
circulation level, a corridor is not
necessary. This allows for the creation
of floor-through duplex apartments.
Unit types D and F use space above
circulation corridors.
unit type g
small 3 br
109 sm
unit type d
upper level
large 3 br
135 sm
unit type b
small 2 br
85 sm
unit type h
large 3 br
110 sm
unit type e
upper level
unit type f
lower level
large 4 br
164 sm
unit type a
large 3 br
132 sm
unit type g
small 3 br
109 sm
atrium
space
unit type d
lower level
large 3 br
135 sm
Typical Floor Plan for levels:
5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26
unit type h
small 3 br
110 sm
unit type e
lower level
large 3 br
144 sm
unit type a
large 3 br
132 sm
unit type b
small 2 br
85 sm
The elevator stops at these levels. A
double-height atrium space functions as
a lobby for the 16 units that share the
cluster. The shared gathering space can
take the form of a landscaped terrace
garden.
Duplex apartments and some singlestory apartments are accessible at this
level. Other residents travel up or down
to their respective apartments. There is
a vestibule space near the stairs at the
entrance of most units that has both
natural ventilation and daylight.
unit type c
upper level
unit type b
small 2 br
85 sm
Typical Floor Plan for levels:
4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25
Unit types C and E incorporate space
below the circulation corridors and below
the common atrium space.
unit type g
small 3 br
109 sm
unit type c
lower level
large 3 br
126 sm
all unit areas are measured to the interior wall
Floor Plans, Levels 2-26 1:400
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 3
Plans to left show reduced circulation as
a result of skip-stop elevator scheme.
Apartment Layouts are designed so that
Master Bedrooms and Living Rooms
face south. All secondary bedrooms and
kitchens have natural daylight and
ventilation. Each apartment has at least
two sides located at the perimeter.
Floor Plans and Unit Layouts, Levels 2-26 1:400
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 4
super large
244 sm
super large
235 sm
super large
235 sm
small
multiple
156 sm
small
multiple
140 sm
Levels 27-29 Floor Plans
large multiple
upper level
super
large
lower level
small
multiple
upper
level
super large
lower level
small
multiple
upper
level
super
large
lower
level
The top three stories of the buildling form
a cluster of ten duplex apartments. the
entrance level for each apartment is at
level 28. Super-large apartments are
located primarily at the top level.
large mult.
upper level
large
multiple
upper
level
small
multiple
lower
level
small
multiple
lower
level
large multiple
201 sm
small multiple
186 sm
small multiple
170 sm
large multiple
220 sm
large multiple
193 sm
Ground Level Floor Plan
office
unit type f
lower level
large 4 br
144 sm
unit type a
large 3 br
132 sm
unit type h
small 3 br
110 sm
unit type g
small 3 br
109 sm
This level is similar to typical circulation
level plan. However, since there is no
unit plan below this level, the entrances
to the two duplex apartments are
replaced by Front Desk, Office, and
Mechanical Spaces.
front desk
mail
unit type b
small 2 br
85 sm
unit type d
lower level
large 3 br
126 sm
Floor Plans, Levels 1, 27-29 1:500
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 5
unit type f
4 bedroom duplex
unit type d
large 3 bedroom duplex
elevator core - elevator stops at this level
double-height sitting room
circulation indicated in yellow
unit type e
large 3 bedroom duplex
unit type c
large 3 bedroom duplex
three-story cluster
double-height space
atrium
These axonometrics illustrate skip-stop
circulation and duplex -apartment
organization. The apartments interlock
sectionally, allowing a circulation corridor
to pass through at the entry level.
Duplex and Circulation Diagrams
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 6
To the left are diagrams of how the unit
types are repeated throughout the
height of the building. The top diagram
distinguishes by color the different unit
types.
The diagram to the left shows how the
skip-stop elevator method minimizes
circulation. At the middle level, a
circulation corridor exists to facilitate
residents’ access to units and to stairs.
At the levels above and below, the
corridor is not necessary. Vertical
circulation and a vestibule for unit
entries is present at every level
Unit Types and Circulation Diagram
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 7
Cluster and Building Sections 1:400
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 8
This perspective is a preliminary
interpretation of the exterior form of the
building. The drawing illustrates the
articulation of duplex apartments and
atrium space on the façade of the
building.
Larger apartments at the upper levels
are set back to provide roof gardens.
The axonometric to the left shows south
and east-facing elevations and
demonstrates design for atrium space
at the cluster circulation levels.
Axonometrics and Perspectives
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 9
Site Plan
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 10
unit type A - large 3 bedroom
unit type B - 2 bedroom
unit type C - duplex large 3 bedroom
unit type D - duplex large 3 bedroom
unit type E - duplex large 3 bedroom
unit type F - duplex 4 bedroom
unit type G - small 3 bedroom
unit type H - small 3 bedroom
unit type I - small multiple
unit type J - large multiple
unit type K - super large
area
140
85
140
140
155
140
110
110
180
210
250
floors
floor 1
floor 2
cluster typical floors
floors 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24
floors 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25
floors 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26
floor 27
floor 28
floor 29
A B C
1 1 0
1 1 0
total number of units
26 26 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
number
26
26
8
9
8
9
26
26
4
3
3
D E
0.5 0
0.5 0
F
G H I J K
0.5 1 1
0.5 1 1
0.5 0
0.5 0
1
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1
0
0.5 0
0.5 1
1
1
1
4
3
3
9
8
9
26 26 4 3 3
Percentage Breakdown of Dwelling Sizes
small 2 bedroom - type A
small 3 bedroom - type G and H
large 3 bedroom - type C+D+E
4 bedroom - type F
small multiple - type I
large multiple - type J
super large - type K
26
52
51
9
4
3
3
18%
35%
34%
6%
3%
2%
2%
100%
total duplex apartments
44
statistics
area per floor
perimeter per floor
circulation area - total
building area - total
% circulation
units per floor
total units
total floors
766
186
2652
22214
12
5
148
29
30%
Building Statistics
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 11
Case One: Summer (winds from south)
1 Flow and pressure pattern at Height = 1 m
Wind Scale:
Year-averaged: 2 m/s (based on
Architecture Handbook for China)
Wind Profile:
.025
( ) , here h
h
U = Uave h
ref
ref
= 10 m
Wind Direction:
South (summer), North (winter)
There have been two modifications in
the design based on the consideration
of fluid mechanics.
Siting of the building has been
designed so that the four buildings are
equally spaced (in the E-W direction)
for more effective and uniform
ventilation.
If the circulation/atrium space at each
cluster entry level is left open, airflow
will penetrate the building and through
corridors. However, positive pressure
at the upwind surface will be
decreased so that airflow is not as
likely to travel through apartment units.
Thus, the double-height atrium space
should be enclosed. The penetration
is not only unhelpful to the ventilation
of an individual apartment, but also will
bring extra noise and unfavorable
strong airflow into the corridors.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation (Outside)
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 12
2 Flow and pressure pattern at Height = 30 m
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 13
3 Flow and pressure pattern at Height = 60 m
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 14
Case Two: Winter (winds from north)
1 Flow and pressure pattern at Height = 1 m
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation (Outside)
Preliminary Design Proposal - February 24, 2000 - page 15