Arc Hydro: GIS in Water Resources

Transcription

Arc Hydro: GIS in Water
Resources
Seminar/Workshop
Gainesville, Florida – November 15, 2007
Christine Dartiguenave, ESRI inc.
[email protected]
Copyright © 2007 ESRI. All rights reserved.
Hydrologic Modeling with Arc Hydro Tools
Arc Hydro
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What is Arc Hydro?

Extension of geodatabase model for support of
water resources applications (template data
model)

Culmination of a three year process led by D.R.
Maidment through GIS in Water Resources
Consortium (Arc Hydro book)

Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro
geodatabase design and basic water resources
functions

Starting point for water resources database and
application development
Arc Hydro
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Overview

Arc Hydro Data Model

Arc Hydro Tools

Model Integration

Applying Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro
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How “Things” Build Up

Database design

Data preparation

Terrain preparation

“Watershed” delineation

“Watershed” characterization

Parameterization

Model pre and post-processing
Generic
Semi-Generic
Model Specific
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ArcGIS Introduces

New geographic data model

New geographic database

Stored in an RDBMS

Many new capabilities
Geodatabase
MS Access
File
Oracle
SQL Server
Informix
DB2
Geodatabase

Persistent store of geographic
information in a DBMS
Feature
IFeature
IFeatureBuffer
IFeatureDraw
IFeature : IRow
IFeatureBuffer : IRowBuffer
IFeatureDraw : IUnknown
Arc Hydro
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Inside the Geodatabase
Geodatabase
Tables, subtypes
Feature dataset
Raster datasets
Spatial reference
Feature classes (FCs), subtypes
Polygon FC
Line FC
Point FC
Annotation FC
Multi-patch FC
Route FC
Dimension FC
Relationship classes
Survey datasets
Survey folder
Survey
Locators
Addresses
x,y locations
Zip codes
Route events
Route locations
Validation rules
Geometric networks
Topology
Default values
Attribute domains
Split/Merge policy
Connectivity rules
Relationship rules
Topology rules
Arc Hydro
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Inside the geodatabase
Geodatabases organize geographic data into a hierarchy of data objects. These data objects are
stored in feature classes, object classes, and feature datasets. An object class is a table in the
geodatabase that stores nonspatial data. A feature class is a collection of features with the same
geometry and the same attributes.
A feature dataset is a collection of feature classes that share the same spatial reference. Feature
classes that store simple features can be organized either inside or outside a feature dataset. Simple
feature classes that are outside a feature dataset are called stand-alone feature classes. Feature
classes that store topological features must be contained within a feature dataset to ensure a
common spatial reference.
The geodatabase supports a model of topologically integrated feature classes, that is further
extended with support for complex networks, topologies and relationships among feature classes,
and other object-oriented features.
Feature classes
Collections of points, lines, polygons, or annotation (map text) managed as feature tables.
Related feature classes (i.e., those that participate in a topology or a network) are managed as a
collection in feature datasets.
Raster datasets
Individual images or multi-tiled rasters managed as raster tables.
Tables
A collection of records (rows) and fields (columns) used to represent non-graphic objects (e.g.,
parcel owners).
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Template Data Models
Project Data Models
FEMA
HEC
…
GIS/IT Standards
ISO
Template Data Models (30+)
FGDC
Arc Hydro
Parcel
…
OGC
ArcGIS Core Data Model
Industry
Object
Feature
Templates
Provide an
Important Link
Between
Project
Teams,
Standards,
and ESRI
Software
Development
Topology
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Template Data Model Approaches
Water Resources
Floodplain
WQ
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Permitting
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Arc Hydro Database Definition

A geospatial and temporal data model for water
resources that operates within ArcGIS

Five key conceptual areas
Drainage
- Drainage areas and stream lines defined from surface
topography
Flow
network - Connected sets of points and lines showing
pathways of water flow
Hydrography
- The base data from topographic maps and tabular
data inventories
Channel
description - A 3-D line representation of the shape of
river and stream channels
Time
series - Tabular attribute data describing time-varying water
properties for any hydro feature
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Arc Hydro Schema
Drainage
Network
Flow
HydroFeatures
Time
Time Series
Hydrography
Channel
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Arc Hydro Data Model
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Arc Hydro
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Arc Hydro Tools
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Key Concepts

Transitions between the raster and vector worlds –
integrated operations

“Relationships between objects linked by tracing
path of water movement”
Raster
Extended Network
Vector
Network
Logical Schema
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Terrain Processing
• Start with the terrain
model
• Identify drainage
patterns
• Identify catchments
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Network Generation
• Start with the drainage
pattern
• Define hydro edges
from drainage lines
• Generate junctions at
confluences
• Build the geometric
network
Arc Hydro
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Connecting Catchments to Junctions
• Start with the catchments
• Identify drainage
points
• Link drainage points
to junctions
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Extended (Hydrologic) Network
• Combination of hydro
network and drainage
areas connected through
junctions.
• Allows tracing through
network and selection
on drainage areas
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Node-Link Schematization
(1)
• Start with the catchments
• Find centroids
• Continue with drainage
lines
• Find confluences
• Connect nodes
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Node-Link Schematization
(2)
• Transition from geo
representation to logical
representation
• Support for various
modeling efforts
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Arc Hydro Tools Overview
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A set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro model

(1)
Integral with standard ArcGIS functionality
Key field (property) management.

HydroID & related IDs

Length/Area measures
Core functions

DEM-based watershed delineation

Network generation

Attribute and network tracing and summary operations

Parameters computation
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(2)
Distribution (version 1.2 available – 1.3 to be released soon)

A toolbar with packaged menus and buttons

Supporting documentation/help

ArcGIS 9/9.1/9.2 versions
ApFramework

Simplify boring development tasks

Consistent development structure

Starting point for additional functionality development
ApUtilities

Set of utilities common to most ArcObject-based applications
developed at ESRI Professional Services in water resources
area
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(3)
The Arc Hydro Toolbar
Terrain
Preprocessing
Terrain
Morphology
Watershed
Attribute
Network
Processing
Tools
Tools
ApUtilities
Buttons
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(4)
Terrain Preprocessing
Set
of functions for processing of
DEMs
Preprocessing
of DEM-based data
needed for watershed delineation and
watershed characteristics extractions
Arc Hydro
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DEM Preprocessing

Goal: develop hydrologically correct DEM and develop
layers to optimize performance
Flow
direction (D8 method)
Flow
accumulation
Stream
definition and segmentation
Catchment
Adjoint

delineation
catchment definition
Iterative process
Review
results and fix terrain if necessary until “correct” flow
patterns are established
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DEM Preprocessing (cont.)

Flow direction (D8
method)
78 72 69 71 58
2
2
2
4
4
74 67
2
2
2
4
4
1
1
56 49 46
69 53 44 37 38
32
64
68 61
16
8
128
1
4
4
8
128 128 1
2
4
47 21 16
128 128 1
1
4
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Digital elevation model (DEM)
Flow direction grid
2
Flow direction codes

2
31
64 58 55
Flow accumulation
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
3
8
5
2
0
1
1
20
0
0
0
0
1
24
0
Flow accumulation grid
Stream Network
Source: Olivera, 1998
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DEM Preprocessing (cont.)

Stream definition
and segmentation
Threshold
(performance)
New
function to
handle loops and flow
splits

Catchment
delineation
At

stream confluences
Adjoint catchments
Performance
implications
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DEM Editing

Sinks: when sinks are (or are
not) sinks – lakes,
depressions, …
Global
fill
Dealing
with internal basins
Selective
fill
Depth
Area
How
to include internal basins
in hydrologic schema
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DEM Editing (cont.)

Streams: when streams are not where they “should” be
Flat
areas – difficulty in determining the flow pattern
Barriers
(roads) diverting the flow paths
How to “model” bridges and culverts in DEM
How to model dams
Imposing
the flow pattern - to burn or not to burn (beware of the
scale issues and artifacts – Saunders, 2000)
Simple burn
AGREE
OMNR
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AGREE (UT – Hellweger)
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DEM Editing (cont.)

Boundaries - when watershed boundaries are not where
they “should” be
To
fence or not to fence
Ineffective
flow areas
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Raster Preprocessing Workflows (1)

Complexity depends on the terrain type and level of
detail that needs to be established.

Different workflows for different type of terrain
configurations:
Dendritic
Deranged
Combined

Can be complex and iterative process.
Separate
document describing multitude of options using Arc
Hydro tools.
Develop
your agency’s specific workflows.
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Start
Standard dendritic process:
1
Legend
Alternative Processing

DEM
grid
Stream
segmentation
Grid datasset
Fill sinks
Stream link
grid
Feature class
dataset
HydroDEM (1)
grid
Catchment grid
delineation
Function
Flow direction
Catchment
grid
Flow direction
grid
Catchment
polygon
processing
Flow accumulation
Catchment
feature class
Flow accumulation
grid
Drainage line
processing
Stream definition
Drainage line
feature class
Stream
grid
Adjoint catchment
processing
1
Adjoint catchment
feature class
End
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Standard deranged
process:
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Transition to Geoprocessing Environment

Terrain Preprocessing tools are migrated to the GP
environment and available as tools in ArcToolbox.
Can
be used in a model to build a workflow
Can
be combined with other tools in ArcToolbox, including your
own
Will
publish development standard for Arc Hydro tools in GP
Arc Hydro
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(5)
Terrain Morphology
Set
of functions for:
Characterization of drainage areas (E-A-V)
Characterization of drainage boundaries (E-A-W)
Area connectivity (“spider web”)
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(6)

Watershed Processing

Set of tools for
watershed delineation
and characteristics
extraction
Every
menu has a Data
Management form for
setting up the layers to
be used in operations
associated with that
menu (not required as
each tool will request
input and output data
if necessary).
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(7)
Attribute Tools

Set of tools for attribute
management (some of the
tools require geometric
network)

Can configure additional
parameters (e.g. any grid
statistics for grid with
values 0/1) – 39
preconfigured

Can define you own set of
parameters and share the
configuration (USGS)
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(8)
Network Tools
Network
specific tools
Create Arc Hydro geometric
network.
Create relationship between
network junction and drainage
area (link network to area).
Initialize flow direction.
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(9)
ApUtilities
Various
utilities common to multiple
applications
Access
to Arc Hydro tools
configuration through XML Manager
Switch
between configuration
Access
Export to Excel function
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(10)
Buttons
Flow
path tracing
Interactive
Point
flow path tracing
delineation
Batch
point generation
Assign
related identifier
Global
point delineation
Trace
Main
Flow Path
by NextDownID
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Phase II of Arc Hydro

More Tools
Time
series, ID management, ...

Groundwater extension to the data model

Training

Status
Self-sustaining

Get involved into Consortium activities
Meetings
Contributors
Personal
communication
Projects
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Integration of Surface Water and Groundwater
Models
Arc Hydro data model
Drainage System
Hydrography
Hydro Network
Channel System
Surface water models
Hydrogeologic unit
Borehole
Layers
Solid
Groundwater models
Simulated results
Simulated results
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This also leads us into integration of surface water and groundwater models.
If the core geographical data model describes the surface water and
groundwater objects, and if relationships are established between those
objects, surface and groundwater models can be integrated.
Each model will interface to the common underling data model and results of
one simulation can be integrated into other models.
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Where is Arc Hydro?
Hydro
model page at:
support.esri.com/datamodels
Arc
Hydro home page at GIS Water
Resources Consortium at:
www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/hydro
Dr.Maidment’s
home page at:
www.ce.utexas.edu/profile.cfm?profilePK=110
Arc Hydro
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FTP Download Site

ftp:
ftp.esri.com

username:
RiverHydraulics

password:
river.1114

directory:
ArcHydro

Case sensitive

Make sure you log in (most browsers will log
you in as anonymous and you will not be able
to download)
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Arc Hydro Support
Water
Resources/Arc Hydro Discussion
Forum at:
http://forums.esri.com/Forums.asp?c=121
[email protected]
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Model Integration
Arc Hydro
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Data Exchange with model
Model Input/Output
GIS
GIS
DB
DB

Excel spreadsheet – configure
Arc Hydro configuration XML

Input/Output files:

XML based data exchange –
GeoRAS, GeoHMS, iCPR
Custom
coding (NSS:
Streamstats/Wisconsin DNR)

Model DB
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XML(1)-Based Spatial Data Exchange

Semantic tags for spatial data are user specified

Easy customization of data structure for different
systems

Data structure is extensible

Good for data distribution on Internet (multi-platform)

Existing technologies for XML management (parsers,
editors, viewers, components, checkers, converters, …)
– economy of development
(1)
XML – eXtensible Markup Language
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Anatomy of an XML File
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System Design of the XML-Based Exchange

Architecture
A
central exchange mechanism accompanied by customizable
XML structures

Three components
Central
data exchange mechanism embedded in GIS (ArcMap-
based)
Predefined
XML structure for import
Customizable

control XML structure for export
Different than the “standard” ArcGIS XML I/O format
Simpler
and more focused on model interfaces (not everything
can be exported and imported)

Public domain code and documentation for direct or
code implementation
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System Design of the XML-Based Exchange
Import
Predefined Import
XML Structure
Import Data as
XML Document
GIS
External Data
Analysis Package
Export
Central Exchange
Mechanism
Import Engine
Export GIS Data as
XML Document
Export Engine
Customizable Export
XML Structure
Arc Hydro
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Applying Arc Hydro
Arc Hydro
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Applying Arc Hydro

Extension of Arc Hydro data model for support of
water resources applications

Addition of features and feature classes

Addition of functionality (tools)

Various entities
ESRI
CRWR
Other
(SFWMD, SARA, WAM, …)
(USGS, OMNR, SJRWMD, PBS&J, …)
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Applying Arc Hydro (ESRI)

Examples

USGS Streamflow Statistics Application (StreamStats)

So.Cal fires debris flow predictions

DEM editing tools

NHDinGeo editing tools
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StreamStats (USGS)

Implementation of USGS regression equations for
flow computations at ungaged locations (WDNR
ArcView 3 implementation)

Web based application (and desktop)

Full implementation in Arc Hydro – all additional
GIS functionality is rolled-into Arc Hydro
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StreamStats (USGS)
Functionality:

Select point of interest

Delineate watershed

Extract watershed characteristics (area, CN, 10-85 slope,
mean elevation, relief, etc.)

Send to NSS and get results back

“Publish” results
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StreamStats (USGS) - WEB
2) Delineate watershed
1) Select area
3) Get results
Arc Hydro
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StreamStats (USGS) - Desktop
1) Select area and delineate watershed
3) Get results
2) Get parameters
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DEM Editing Tools (HEC)

Tools for micro-editing of DEM (grid)
Develop
“hydrologically”-correct DEM

Status – application delivered to HEC

Functionality
Raise
or drop a point of interest
Burn/fence
local lines/polys
DEM
QC functions
DEM
assembly
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DEM Editing Tools (HEC)
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NHDinGeo Editing Tools (FS/USGS)

Editing application for NHD data (NHDinGeo)

Process-driven (workflow)

NHDinGeo data model completed

NHDinGeo and NHDinGeoARC data being
generated

Work on making NHDinGeo Arc Hydro compliant
(take advantage of Arc Hydro functionality with
NHDinGeo geometry)
Arc Hydro
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Questions
Arc Hydro
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Arc Hydro: GIS in Water Resources

Transcription

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