Best practice handbook - Activities

Transcription

Coordinator
Faculty of Agriculture
University J.J. Strossmayer
INTERNATIONAL
RENEWABLE
ENERGY BEST
PRACTICE
HANDBOOK
Project partners
University of Maribor
Regional Development Agency
Baranja Slavonija
Regional Development Agency
South-Transdanubia
International Development Norway
Européer Foundation
EcoSynergy Ltd.
EU Centar
IMRO-DDK Ltd.
TREND – Training for
Renewable Energy Network
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION:
ERASMUS + 2014-1-HR01-KA200-007 212
Changing Lives. Opening Minds
Pre-word, methodology
Content
Pre-word, methodology .......................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter I.: Cross-border best practices in biomass to energy ................................................................ 5
BIOGAS AND BIO ETHANOL PLANT AT KAPOSSZEKCSŐ INDUSTRY PARK ........................................... 5
BIOGAS UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ZALAEGERSZEG........................................................... 9
ZERO EXTERNAL ENERGY NEED-FERMENTATION PLANT CAPACITY EXTENSION IN THE BIOGAS
PRODUCTION PLANT IN KAPOSVAR .................................................................................................. 12
EXCHANGE OF GAS CONSUMPTION BY UTILIZING HARD BIOMASS – MAINLY WOODCHIPS – AT THE
UNIVER PRODUCT ZRT....................................................................................................................... 15
NOVI AGRAR - BIOGAS PLANT AND UTILIZATION OF MANURE AND SLURRY FROM THE
SURROUNDING FARMS ..................................................................................................................... 33
STRIZIVOJNA HRAST - COGENERATION FACILITY BASED ON WOODEN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND
SWITCHYARD ..................................................................................................................................... 35
Chapter II.: Cross-border best practices in other renewable energy technology initiatives ................ 37
BUILDING OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT (220KW) IN THE CITY OF PLETERNICA ......................... 37
ESUS – ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT STREET LAMP ............................................................................... 40
SPIRAL WIND TURBINE ...................................................................................................................... 42
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL BASED HEATING SYSTEM............................................................ 46
PV NET – PHOTOVOLTAIC METERING SOLUTION.............................................................................. 50
VELENJE - DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM FROM DISTRICT HEAT SUPPLY ............................................. 52
Chapter III.: Cross-border best practices in refurbishment initiatives aiming energy efficiency .......... 54
REFURBISHMENT OF LJUDEVIT GAJ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN OSIJEKA ........................................... 54
HOUSE RENOVATION WITH PASSIVE HOUSE COMPONENTS IN MYHRERENGA, NORWAY.............. 58
SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF MILITARY BUILDINGS – INCUBATOR-HOUSE AND INNOVATION
CENTRE OF NAGYKANIZSA................................................................................................................. 68
Chapter IV: Cross-border best practices in sustainable building initiatives aiming energy efficiency.. 73
BUILDING OF 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN VIROVITICA-PODRAVINA COUNTY . 73
NEW BUILDING OF AGRICULTURAL FACULTY IN OSIJEK ................................................................... 75
SPORT ARENA/HALL “GRADSKI VRT” OSIJEK ..................................................................................... 76
RATI – OFFICE AND PRODUCTION PLANT WITH PLUS ENERGY POTENTIAL...................................... 77
Chapter V: Lessons learnt - a way to success, ....................................................................................... 83
Chapter VI. Competencies needed to implement successful energy projects. .................................... 87
2
The TREND project is a regional initiative to support the development of the renewable energy
potential of the Drava River Croatia-Hungary-Slovenia Cross Border Region by the training of local
SMEs, NGOs, municipality opinion leaders and students.
The project aims to:
- train the local actors to be able to organize their community for launching a local renewable
energy initiative with bottom up approach
- train the local actors to be able to select the technologically, agriculturally, economically,
socially and environmentally best fitting option for their community.
To reach this aim the project will
- MAP the regional best practices and seek the competences needed for a successful
renewable energy initiative
- DEVELOP four e-learning modules (biomass to energy, renewable energy technology, energy
efficiency, project management)
- ESTABLISH an international learning management system and educate target groups in all
three countries to gain the personal competences needed for successful initiatives.
This handbook aims to present the regional best practices and analyse the skills and competences
needed to prepare successful project in the renewable energy sector. Our methodology was to seek
best practice projects and fill out a standard template for each of them, aiming the special
characteristic of the project, which makes it work. We have analyzed 20 projects in four sectors
(energy to biomass, renewable energy technology, refurbishment initiatives, sustainable building
initiative). At the end of each project we concluded the lessons learnt and analysed the professional
knowledge needed for replicability and the skills, competences required for success. Based on this
we summarized the results and clarified the definition of the required skills and competences for
success. This guideline will aims at exploring and summarizing the state-of-art practice of renewable
energy initiatives of the member regions. The survey carried outwill identify the strong-weak points
of the national good practices and will sum up the additional requirements of the training material to
be developed by the project. The guideline will have the summary of the results and findings of the
national questionnaires.
In our analysis the following data were summarized for each best practice project:
• Title of project / best practice
• Basic data of investment
• Description of the best practice
• Milestones of implementation
• What was the reason behind the technology option selection
• What should be done differently
• Lessons learnt
• Professional knowledge required for replicability
• Skills / competences required for success
3
The following chart summarizes the projects we have analyzed.
Field of best parctice
Title of best partice
BIOGAS AND BIO ETHANOL PLANT AT KAPOSSZEKCSŐ INDUSTRY
PARK
BIOGAS UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ZALAEGERSZEG
ZERO EXTERNAL ENERGY NEED-FERMENTATION PLANT
CAPACITY EXTENSION IN THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT IN
KAPOSVAR
EXCHANGE OF GAS CONSUMPTION BY UTILIZING HARD
Biomass to energy
BIOMASS – MAINLY WOODCHIPS – AT THE UNIVER PRODUCT
ZRT
NOVI AGRAR - BIOGAS PLANT AND UTILIZATION OF MANURE
AND SLURRY FROM THE SURROUNDING FARMS
RITMIC – Local Wood Briquette Recycling (ESD Romania)
STRIZIVOJNA HRAST - COGENERATION FACILITY BASED ON
WOODEN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND SWITCHYARD
Renewable energy
technology initiatives
Refurbishment initiative
aiming energy efficiency
Sustainable building
initiative aiming energy
efficiency
BUILDING OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT (220KW) IN THE CITY
OF PLETERNICA
ESUS – ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT STREET LAMP
SPIRAL WIND TURBINE
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL BASED HEATING SYSTEM
PV NET – PHOTOVOLTAIC METERING SOLUTION
VELENJE - DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM FROM DISTRICT HEAT
SUPPLY
REFURBISHMENT OF LJUDEVIT GAJ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN
OSIJEKA
HOUSE RENOVATION WITH PASSIVE HOUSE COMPONENTS IN
MYHRERENGA, NORWAY
SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF MILITARY BUILDINGS –
INCUBATOR-HOUSE AND INNOVATION CENTRE OF
NAGYKANIZSA
BUILDING OF 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN
VIROVITICA-PODRAVINA COUNTY
NEW BUILDING OF AGRICULTURAL FACULTY IN OSIJEK
SPORT ARENA/HALL “GRADSKI VRT” OSIJEK
RATI – OFFICE AND PRODUCTION PLANT WITH PLUS ENERGY
POTENTIAL
4
Chapter I.: Cross-border best practices in biomass to energy
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
Description of
the best
practice
BIOGAS AND BIO ETHANOL PLANT AT KAPOSSZEKCSŐ
INDUSTRY PARK
Investor /beneficiary name: Agrár Béta Ltd., Kaposszekcsői Mezőgazdasági Zrt.
Location of investment: Kaposszekcső Industry Park
E-contacts (website, email etc.): http://www.agrar-beta.hu/, [email protected]
Video on construction of biogas plant:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Oc8gEJltNH0
• In the Kaposszekcső Industry Park on a territory of 1.7 acre a biogas plant
was built in 2010 consisting of three fermentation tanks - with the volume
of 2500 m3 each. The aim of this installation is to process the output of the
local agricultural production. The local farms support 800 cows and 5,000
pigs and their manure is used to produce energy together with other
agricultural waste materials (such as low quality grain, straw and stillage
5
•
•
•
from the bio ethanol factory). The capacity of the biogas plant is 75,000 m3
per year and able to produce 836 kW energy a year.
Next to the biogas plant a bio ethanol factory was also built, with a
capacity of 15,000 tons per year, able to produce bio ethanol form the
residue of local crop production. Usually the low quality grain is processed
here, which is not suitable for human consumption.
The project was a private investment of local agricultural production SMEs,
which was willing to find a suitable solution for handling their waste. The
implementation was supported by EU and Hungarian state subsidy.
The investor Agrár Béta Ltd. is responsible for the operation of the site
Investment costs:
Fermentors
Other building
Machinery
Vehicles
Other supplement
investment
Grid development
Total
Yearly operation costs:
Wages
(HUF)
Interest
(HUF)
249 588 803 Ft
374 134 530 Ft
304 882 783 Ft
60 996 885 Ft
184 249 846 Ft
13 098 253 Ft
1 186 951 100 Ft
Capital
Loading
repayment material
s (HUF)
(HUF)
Material
cost HUF
Income
from
Total cost electricity Balance
(HUF)
(HUF)
(HUF)
Jan.
3 371 989 3 911 892 4 366 670
372 000 1 820 417 13 842 968 15 327 871 1 484 903
Feb.
4 265 419 3 597 540 4 366 670
336 000 1 820 417 14 386 046 13 679 085
March
7 310 026 3 948 887 4 366 670
372 000 1 820 417 17 818 000 15 132 852 -2 685 148
April
6 030 348 3 926 505 4 366 670
360 000 1 820 417 16 503 940 13 260 134 -3 243 806
May
4 903 999 3 073 570 4 366 670
372 000 1 820 417 14 536 656 13 238 713 -1 297 943
June
9 400 612 3 149 926 4 366 670
360 000 1 820 417 19 097 625 10 826 763 -8 270 862
July
12 274 427 3 321 757 4 366 670
Aug
14 601 870 2 927 685 4 366 670
372 000 1 820 417 22 155 271 13 126 089 -9 029 182
-11 174
298
372 000 1 820 417 24 088 642 12 914 344
Sept.
3 718 071 2 958 750 4 366 670
360 000 1 820 417 13 223 908 13 520 325
296 417
Oct.
5 182 450 3 136 603 4 366 670
372 000 1 820 417 14 878 140 15 000 509
122 369
Nov.
5 632 034 2 636 252 4 366 670
360 000 1 820 417 14 815 373 13 454 377 -1 360 996
Dec,
Total
-706 961
372 000 1 820 417 17 016 220 15 534 700 -1 481 520
202 362
165 015
-37 347
785
762
023
82 809 188 40 795 227 52 533 370 4 380 000 21 845 000
6 117 943 4 205 860 4 500 000
6
Yearly energy production
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec,
Total
Milestones of
implementatio
n
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option
selection
What should
be done
differently
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
•
Electricity Own
electricity produced consumption
sold MWh MWh
MWh
539
587
48
478
532
53
529
594
65
468
629
61
453
523
70
372
418
46
448
541
92
440
494
54
458
524
65
518
465
537
5706
Economic crisis resulted in unstable agricultural and energy prices and the
sustainability of economic operation cannot be ensured due to external
effects. Traditional usage of agricultural waste project became limited as
the number of livestock reduced. Need for substitute solution of
agricultural production was required to close material loops, and produce
more marketable products such as bio ethanol and energy.
• The basically agricultural firm made a strategic decision to enlarge its
operation with biogas utilization and bio ethanol production from its
residue crops.
• Technology options were analyzed and compared and an application was
prepared for the selected technology
• This was followed by a public tendering prepared and supervised by the
future operator.
• The works were also supervised by the operator and the test operation
period started
• Licensing was a huge problem for the project since authority was not
prepared adequately and the acceptation lasted for several years.
• Technological approach was followed to determine the best value for
money option, that technology was favoured which is most flexible and
enables the largest amount of material recycling and energy recovery. The
logic was that the least output with no further use the plant has, the lower
would be overall operation cost. The other driving force was simplicity,
those alternatives were favoured which can be built locally with local
workforce.
Licensing was very problematic, since local legal environment is not prepared for
innovative approaches despite there was no public protest and employment
opportunity was most welcomed by the local community. Produced energy still
cannot be sold to the local grid, since the necessary development of the energy
service provider were not prepared. Cooperation of energy demand (cities),
energy supply (biogas plant) and their interconnecting infrastructure (grid
operator) should be ensured from the beginning.
Clear ownership structure and operation responsibilities enables a close
supervision of investments, which is key to make them operational. Inflexibility of
the legal environment is a huge obstacle for innovative approaches.
• Deep knowledge of the material in-flow and outflow of certain agricultural
production and their possible interconnections
7
required for
replicability
•
•
Skills /
competences
required for
success
Knowledge on the available technology option regarding both recycling or
energy recovery of the different output material of the agricultural
production and their operation requirements
Knowledge on requirements of grid development practices
COMPETENCES
• organization and leadership
o Understands how to acquire needed resources
o Understands how to use decision making to support mission
o Demonstrated systems thinking ability
o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external
environments
•
•
•
•
management
o Able to analyze and design structures and processes
o Manages workflow
o Formulates and analyzes budgets
o Manages information and technology
o Understands project management
o Demonstrates skill in team building and management
collaboration
o Understands community building
innovation
o Understands creative processes
o Capable of systems thinking
Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics
o Able to work well in teams
o Self-motivated
o Understands conflict management
o Able negotiator
o Confident in handling new tasks
o Flexible in assignments
SKILLS:
• Communication skills
o Able to present technical data
o Understands proposal writing
• Analysis / research skills
o Understands economic modeling
o Able to analyze political support and opposition
o Understands stakeholder analysis
o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis
• Planning skills
o Able to do strategic planning
o Understands systems analysis and design
o Knowledgeable about project design and planning
o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning
• Computer skills
o Skilled in word processing
o Skilled with internet/WWW
8
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
Description of
the best
practice
BIOGAS UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ZALAEGERSZEG
Investor /beneficiary name: Zalavíz Zrt.
Location of investment: H-8900 Zalaegerszeg, Balatoni út 8. Zala County - Hungary
E-contacts (website, email etc.):
• Web: http://www.zalaviz.hu/
• Telephone : +36 92 500 300
• E-mail: [email protected]
The biogas plant is located at the waste water treatment Zalaegerszeg, in the
framework of Zalavíz Zrt., a large conurbation in the South West of Hungary. The
treatment plant occupies an area of approximately 1 hectare and does not
operate a clarification plant but uses a 3 stage Phoredox (A2/O) activated sludge
treatment process. This is similar to a conventional activated sludge system with
an anaerobic zone ahead of the aerobic basin but also includes an additional
anoxic zone following the anaerobic zone. The anaerobic digesters were installed
in order to treat surplus activated sludge and were commissioned in December
2009.
The wastewater treatment plant was designed by the Hungarian UTB Envirotech
Company Ltd and constructed by Ökoprotech Ltd. The plant treats approximately
50,000 – 60,000 m3 of surplus activated sludge generated on site and sewage sludge
imported from other local wastewater treatment plants from 30kms. The refuelling
technology was provided by Fornovogas, Italy. The installation of an upgrading unit
also allowed the diversification of end uses to include vehicle fuel. The upgrading
plant and refuelling station occupy an area of approximately 500m2.
Milestones of
The key milestones for implementation of this project were
implementation
1. First step of the investment was that two sludge putrefiers have been built
at the waste water treatment field.
2. Purifying equipment was needed for vehicle fuel, which makes 99 %
biomethane from biogas containing 70 % methane.
9
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
What should be
done
differently
Lessons learnt
Biogas upgrading and the production of biomethane nowadays is one of the best
interesting renewable energy technology, which is unknowing and didn’t spread
wide range in the regions. A number of different technologies to fulfil the task of
producing a biomethane stream of sufficient quality to act as a vehicle fuel or to
be injected into the natural gas grid are already commercially available and have
proven to be technically and economically feasible.
Intensive research is still in progress to optimise and further develop these
technologies as well as to apply novel technologies to the field of biogas
upgrading. This technology contributes to the company transportation and the
city public mass bus transportation as well, and the same time by decreasing the
CO2 emission in the surroundings of the town.
Thanks to their operation – less quantity and better quality, better utilizing –
sewage sludge is available and biogas is also produced as by-product. Biogas is
primarily for electricity and heating but Zalavíz Zrt. produces vehicle fuel as well.
Biomethane, which has almost the same quality and energy content as natural
gas, was fuelled to CNG (compressed natural gas) vehicles.
Within five years nearly 1.000 MW coal power plants, while within ten years
further 2.300 MW capacities will drop out from the hydrocarbon-based domestic
power plant energy supply system. In addition the government has set up a
14.65% transformations target until 2020, based on renewable energy sources, in
which it will have been a decisive role of the biomass energy. So it is important to
thinking in larger scale development system and further more national support
and assistance.
Zalavíz Wastewater Treatment Plant uses surplus or waste activated sludge as a
feedstock. The digester was installed because of the requirement to treat the
sludge prior to disposal and the plant was constructed with the support of the EU.
The average daily biogas production is 1.000---1.200 m3, which can be used in
three ways:
o Electricity
o Heat
o Vehicle Fuel
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
competences
required for
success
Since starting operation in 2010, Zalavíz plant operators have found monitoring
practices to be vital in circumstances when immediate intervention was required.
A webscada system is in place to alert if any of the online parameters show
significant deviations from the norm. Downtimes have been kept low, limited to
the biannual maintenance works that are being conducted.
• Knowledge of how to finance a project scheme
• Knowledge of how to operate biogas plant system
• Knowledge to work with cooperation with experts and subcontractors
• Knowledge of renewable energy market
• Knowledge of municipality strategy
• Knowledge of political decision makers
POSSIBLE REQUIRED COMPETENCES
o Understands governance and administrative systems
10
Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and
external environments
management
o Understands variety of approaches to decision making
o Understands administrative law
o Formulates and analyses budgets
o Demonstrates financial analysis and management
o Understands task analysis and job design
collaboration
o Establishes collaborative relationships and projects
innovation
o Able to manage change
o Comfortable with risk taking
o Able negotiator
o Able to work under tight deadlines
o
•
•
•
•
POSSIBLE REQUIRED SKILLS:
o Effective in public presentations
o Able to write in-depth reports
o Fluent in English
o Understands cost-benefit analysis
o Able to do population projection/forecasting
o Understands demographic analysis
o Knowledgeable about statistical analysis
o Understands economic modelling
o Able to analyse political support and opposition
• Planning skills
o Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic,
demographic)
o Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas
• Computer skills
o Able to use statistical packages
o Understands database operations
o Uses computer assisted cartography
o Uses Geographic Information Systems
11
TITLE OF PROJECT ZERO EXTERNAL ENERGY NEED-FERMENTATION PLANT
/ BEST PRACTICE CAPACITY EXTENSION IN THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT
IN KAPOSVAR
Basic data of
investment
Investor /beneficiary name: Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd.
Location of investment: Kaposvar-Hungary
Description of
the best practice
Main points:
• The basic idea in this particular project is replacing natural gas
consumption for biogas energy utilization. Being independent from the
national utility provider is essential and beneficial to every participant.
• Know-how: The current project is the 2nd chapter of the sugar factory’s
development strategy. After doing several R&D related activities within
the factory they have decided to built two 12.000 m3 (each) fermenting
units.
• Know-how and experience: This practice worked so well that the current
project is about to squeeze out leftover’s energy for further alternative
energy supplement to the factory.
• The need is obvious: the more biogas can be used the less expense shall
apply. Since it is not the kickoff project, the factory can easily rely on
previous experiences what undoubtedly proves the feasibility of such
investment.
The sugar factory of Kaposvár produces sugar from sugar beet. During the
process, beet slices are separated as by-products. These slices have been
formerly sold to farmers to feed the animals (bovine), but as the number of
animals decreased in the region, alternative solutions had to be found.
Therefore internal technology experts have developed a process in which sugar
beets are fermented and biogas can be extracted. The gas is burnt in the boilers
of the factory and used for heat production.
In the European Union the environmental protection is highly encouraged and
practiced. Ransoming the non-renewable energy is a success story in the 21st
century to every company/factory. These facts were the major driving forces in
the factory’s management decision making when it decided to make such a long
run investment. Just like all the other alternative energy supplement related
investments this one also feasible but it also takes nearly a decade if not longer
Milestones of
implementation
12
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
Why is this
considered to be
a best practice
What should be
done differently
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
competences
till the ROI is complied even with 100% energy coverage from the year of 2013.
The project manager is Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd. and it outsourced the project
realization and lately the maintenance part to the Energia Kozpont Nonprofit
Ltd. This project greatly backs the feasibility of the whole factory. It also makes
sure it adds value to the society as it will greatly facilitate the energy use (from
financial perspective). Since environmental protection is done in the name of
society’s goodwill, shifting from non-renewable to alternative energy
consumption do not need public marketing or promotion. Licensing is laid only
on the municipality’s shoulders as the whole project was carried out in the
factory’s territory.
The technology is just a bit different from the previously realized one. The
fermentation section uses the leftover of the non-utilizable sugar carrot parts.
Those ends are first rot in the fermentation unit then turned into biogas what
covers the sugar factory’s energy need -over 50% in the beginning. On top of it
the available funds has indicated further effectiveness indicator project so
recycling could even go higher- in 5 years time to 100%.
The best value financial ratio would be the complete recycling process within
the regular units (2x12.0000m3) but as technological development still hasn’t
reached that level the company must deal with this situation and turn the
weakness into opportunity.
The decision was based on two pillars: A- the technological benefits have already
been proven due to previous projects and B- during the brainstorming the
specific funds were offered to production plants like this sugar factory.
The feasibility study has clearly shown that the internal investment return ratio
is 4,14% what confirms the use of this development. It is certainly a long term
investment and the leaders of the factory must have a clear vision that it will not
be profitable overnight. Luckily all the outcomes of this project are in line with
the preferences of the European Union’s vision; therefore it awards the project
with 50% nonrefundable finance.
Due to further studies it could be predicted that by 2013 the 100% energy
demand will be supplied from the fermentation and biogas production plants.
When it is the off-season the biogas section will provide the non-utilizable
energy to the local Spa and two further blocks of the sugar factory.
Main points:
• On a local level the benefits of this project will be experienced as smokefree sky and smoke pollution should drop to zero after all so habitants
acceptance and satisfaction must be given.
• Having said that; the factory’s energy supplier is the Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd.
and it commissioned the Energia Kozpont Ltd. for maintenance. this
apply both to this fermentation plant and to the other two biogas
production plants
No information about delays or protest or any kind of modification.
There is no claim released on issues or changes. The efficiency is being
developed years after years and further projects are expected for future grow.
The management has split into different sections. The 3 major ones what
require professionals are logistics, finance and production (processing). These
subsidiaries are hired both by the Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd. and Energia Kozpont Ltd.
COMPETENCES:
13
required for
success
•
•
•
•
•
organization and leadership
o understands ethics & public good; concerned with public trust
o Understands organizational culture
management
o Manages workflow
collaboration
innovation
SKILLS:
•
•
•
•
Communication skills
Analysis / research skills
o Understands qualitative analysis
Planning skills
o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning
Computer skills
14
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
EXCHANGE OF GAS CONSUMPTION BY UTILIZING HARD
BIOMASS – MAINLY WOODCHIPS – AT THE UNIVER PRODUCT
ZRT
Basic data of
investment
Investor /beneficiary name: Univer Product Zrt.
Location of investment: Kecskemét, Szolnoki Street 35.
E-contacts (website, email etc.): www.univer.hu
Kardos László - [email protected]
Description of
the best
practice
Main points:
• Technology description:
A 6 tons/hour steam capacitated and 9 bar working pressure steam boiler was
built on a 4.500 KW heat capacitated horizontally located firebox. This
machinery operates parallel with the natural gas boilers. The natural gas
boilers ensure the technological steam for the factory.
• Investment financial description:
A “KEOP” tender was submitted, but it is still under the evaluation process.
This way the investment was handled by Univer’s own capital and bank loan.
• Description of operator:
The technology is operated by the investor itself. The profit earned by the
operation can be utilized from the cost difference of preparing steam from
natural gas or preparing steam from woodchips.
• Externalities:
15
The CO2 emission of the factory decreased radically. External environmental
effects can be mentioned positively because of the decreasing amount of
natural gas used.
Milestones of
The key milestones from the idea till starting operation were the following:
implementation
1. Selecting the capacity of the biomass boiler was the first step. The goal
was to find the maximum capacity where the return on investment equals
with the price difference of the two types of energy sources (natural gas
and woodchips). The difference in the costs of operations (the biomass
boiler and the natural gas boiler) were also take into consideration, just as
the differences in the electricity requirements, living labour needs, and
machinery needs as well.
2. The second step was the elaboration and submission of the “KEOP”
tender.
3. The next step was the selection of the proper technology.
4. Following was the tendering of potential suppliers of the technology and
the woodchips suppliers.
5. The fifth step was the solution of investment costs, because the “KEOP”
evaluation was too long to wait for.
6. Selection of the suppliers and contracting phase was the next step.
7. After it, the implementation phase was started.
8. It was followed by the test operation.
9. And finally, as the ninth step, the operation and the production was
started.
What was the
The best value for money requirement was addressed in the case of the
reason behind
investment as follows:
the technology • Different options were evaluated and compared based on previous practical
option selection
experience
• Complex study was prepared, which involved investment and future operation
costs, income prognosis and evaluation together with technology option
assessment
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
• In your opinion why is it a success for the local community
By decreasing the production costs, Univer is able to keep or strengthen its market
position. According to this, Univer can keep the number of workplaces in the
factory. Other workplaces are also saved indirectly, because those SMEs, that
provide raw material for the production of Univer are employing lots of families.
And nevertheless, this technology is beneficial for the society, because it is an
environment friendly and safe operation.
• What were the key elements for success
The most important key success factors were:
- deep, careful and professional preparation
- selecting the proper suppliers of technology and raw material
- the operating mode, that enables to check back the pre-calculations
- the operating mode enables the continuous control and check of the specific cost
structure. This way decisions can be made to reach optimal operation.
What should be •
done
differently
•
Were there any delays in the implementation, why?
No, no delays appeared.
Was the selected technology workable, or technology modification was
16
•
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
competences
required for
success
needed, why?
No modification was needed, because no problem appeared.
Were there any public protest / complaint during the implementation or
operation, why?
No, not any.
The whole process of the investment was carried based on the preliminary plans.
There were no need to modify anything during the investment.
The proposed elements of the needed professional knowledge to replicate this
best practice elsewhere are:
•
•
•
the professional knowledge of biomass firing
the practical knowledge of biomass technologies
practical knowledge of tendering
Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best
practice are):
Master degree in:
- energetics
- mechanical engineering
- electrical engineering
- architectural engineering
- financial management
Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice
are):
Master degree in:
-energetics
-mechanical engineering
-electrical engineering
-architectural engineering
-financial management
Practical knowledge and experience in biomass and wood.
COMPETENCES
o Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute
resolution
o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and
• management
o Manages workflow
o Understands program management
17
•
•
•
collaboration
o Adept in coalition building
innovation
o Adept at framing issues
o Self-motivated
o Able negotiator
o Attentive to detail
o Able to network effectively
SKILLS:
o Able to facilitate groups
o Understands grant writing
o Understands decision analysis
o Able to conduct action research
• Planning skills
• Computer skills
o Understands spreadsheet usage
o Uses graphics packages
18
Chapter I.: Cross-border
border best practices in biomass to energy
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
RITMIC – LOCAL WOOD BRIQUETTE (ESD ROMANIA)
Investor:
Grant
rant from Norway through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic
Growth and Sustainable Development in Romania. ESD financing scheme.
scheme Project
partners are SINTEF (lead) and
and ECOIND. IDN have leased out Project Manager and
other experts to SINTEF. The project is a sub-project
sub project under ESD Romania funded
by Norway Grants and administrated by Innovation Norway. Beneficiary/Owner:
SC RITMIC COM Company, a partner in the ESD Project Romania is a LLC Company
registered in the City of Suceava, 450 km N of Bucharest.
Main stakeholders of the RITMIC Company are:
The owners
1. The local administration authorities (village halls).
2. Local institutions (schools, hospitals, local business owners)
owner that use
RITMIC products.
3. Local NGO.
4. Banks supporting RITMIC’s business.
Other beneficiaries:
• The Suceava County
• The County Forest Authority of the Suceava County
• Villages of Stroiesti, Ilisesti, Brasca, Balaceana, Ciprian Porumbescu
Location of investment:
inves
Ilisesti, near Suceava, Romania; E-contacts
contacts (website, email
etc.): http://www.id-norway.com/projects/esd-romania-ritmic/
http://www.id
ritmic/
Final choice of RITMIC seen here cleaning the valley of the River Suceava from
wooden waste nearby a timber production facility.
19
Description of
the best
practice
Background:
Wood is the main natural resource in the Suceava County. Efforts are made by the
central and local administration to keep forest exploitation under control and to
implement the sustainable management of forests.
According to the local representatives of the National Forest Authority and of the
managers of the EGGER Company (large international Company manufacturing
chip boards from saw dust and wooden chips at a rate of 600,000 m3./ year), some
45 % of the wood remains in place in the forests, and only some 55% is extracted.
Thus, wooden waste (trunks with too many knots, of bad shape, rotten, branches,
leaves, bushes, etc,) constitutes a major source o biomass, very little used, at this
moment. Biomass is seen as a major source of energy and value-added products
that could reduce the imports of the EU and development in the biomass field is
particularly encouraged and recommended.
SC RITMIC SRL is a SME based in Ilisesti, 18 km E from Suceava, dealing, among
others, with collecting wooden waste (sawdust, chops, branches, etc.),
conditioning it and selling it as bio-fuel (wooden briquettes), to organizations,
institutions (schools, pensions) and individuals in the neighbouring area. RITMIC
Company reinserts wooden waste in the economical circuit. The company owns a
briquetting facility that turns sawdust to briquettes. RITMIC needed an
equipment (forest greifer, as it is called) to collect and, if possible, to transport
wooden waste from remote places. The equipment carry out a job stringently
needed by the local County Forest Authority that is confronted with the
environmental impact of large quantities of wood left on site by timber
companies. The forest cleaning activity serves the environment and the
community by reintroducing in the business circuit the wooden waste, otherwise
with no economic value. RITMIC has a strategy to use as much renewable as
possible in the briquetting activity.
The Project was directed to solve a local problem in a very short time, though
providing the business environment and the communities with a sustainable
source of energy, to collect all wooden waste available locally, though optimizing
the use of natural resources and minimizing waste. The project overall goal was to
deliver customized state-of-the-art Norwegian and Romanian environmental R&D
based technology
The project aims:
• Optimize use of natural resources, offering a cleaner or less
wasteful alternative to traditional products and services
• Have their origins in an innovative or novel technology or
application
• Add economic value compared to traditional alternatives
The approach follows all the elements of a sustainable business and is in line with
the latest EU and Romanian Government initiatives to encourage use of
renewables (biomass) as an energy source. Without the support of the ESD
Project, all the wooden waste turned into firewood and briquettes by RITMNIC
would have remained in the woods, with disastrous environmental consequences.
Before this project implementation, RITMIC already owned a state-of-the-art
facility for briquetting sawdust. It lacks the equipment to collect and transport
biomass waste from woods (trunks, branches, wooden debris). RITMIC has been
awarded the briquetting installation by the Romanian Environmental Fund. The
20
state-of-the-art facility include:
- a metal detector - screener
- a sawdust drier
- 2 parallel briquetting machines. No additive, binder etc., is needed in the
manufacturing process so the briquettes are 100% environmentally clean
- An air-heater providing the hot air needed to dry the sawdust from a 2530% level of humidity to less than 8%. The air heater uses only wooden
waste with no economical value (breaches, totten trunks, etc.)
- Filtering systems that capture dust at the outlet stacks
SINTEF and ECOIND offered technical support to RITMIC to find the right
equipment needed. The equipment carry out a job stringently needed by the local
County Forest Authority that is confronted with the environmental impact of large
quantities of wood left on site by timber companies. The forest cleaning activity
serves the environment and the community by reintroducing in the business
circuit the wooden waste, otherwise with no economic value. Part of the
briquettes made from wooden waste is, occasionally, sold to supermarkets. SC
Ritmic SRL has its own transportation logistics that collects, transport wooden
waste to the processing unit and delivers briquettes to customers. The processing
unit – commissioned with financing from the Romanian Environmental Fund – is a
state-of-the-art installation that automatically conveys, screens, dries, separates
pebbles and metallic debris, and does the briquetting of the sawdust. All
operations are carried out in closed equipments with negligible emissions of dust
to atmosphere. The energy required for drying is obtained by burning wooden
debris that cannot go to briquetting (branches, large debris), so the installation is
self-sustaining from the point of view of energy involved and all energy comes
from renewables.
The Company had to buy a special mobile equipment that collects sawdust and
wooden debris from public space across the Suceava County, with permission of
local authority that welcome the idea to clean the environment and keep the
beautiful landscape free of waste and debris. Sawdust and wooden debris
collected with the equipment is transported (65 km) and directed to the wooden
debris processing unit of SC RITMIC SRL in Ilisesti. The debris are turned into
briquettes and sold at a price of 400 RON/ton (95 Euros/ton) at the facility gate.
When delivered to customers addresses, the price increases with the cost of
transportation and manipulating. It is worth noting that the same briquettes are
sold in supermarkets at a price of 850 RON/ton (200 Euros/ton).
As wood is the main fuel for households in the Suceava area (together with coal of
rather low quality - lignite), the main benefit of using sawdust briquettes is sparing
virgin resources (forests). RITMIC Company estimates at 1600 tons per year
wooden waste collected. The 1600 tons of sawdust collected and processed per
year come from renewable resources and means 1600 tons less virgin wood
needed for domestic uses, i.e. 9.2 ha virgin forest saved (at a rate of 218 m3 tree
volume per hectare, cf. Romanian Forests, 2009). The biofuel produced (wooden
briquettes) has the characteristics shown in the following table.
Characteristics
Gross Calorific Value
(kcal/kg)
Relative humidity, %
Sawdust (dry
solid)
4769
0%
Briquettes
4443
6.1
21
Volatile organics, g/kg
Sulfur, %
Ash, %
Density, kg/m3
Geometry
For reference:
Gross calorific value of:
Coal
(lignite,
young
bituminous
coal)
delivered for domestic
fuel, 10% water)
Fuel oil
Methane
Ethanol
85,9
0.02
0.46
80.3
0.02
0.43
1030
Cylinders 80mm in diameter
ca. 6000 kcal/kg
8000 – 10400
kcal/kg
13200 kcal/kg
7208 kcal/kg
Fossil fuels saved. For a year operation, at a rate of 1600 tons sawdust processed,
the synergy leads to economies of:
- 536 tons methane (ca. 750000 m3 STP)
- 1184 tons coal
- 688 tons fuel oil,
or 984 tons ethanol (seen as a future substitute for fossil gasoline)
The advantage of the wooden briquettes is that they are, practically, carbon
neutral (Illsey et al, 2007). The contained carbon is benign (it is not coming from
fossil sources but from the existing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, processed
by trees during their life time). So, the carbon dioxide emitted by wood
combustion does not add to the overall greenhouse gas concentration in the
atmosphere.
Following the figures in the table above, every 1 kg of wooden briquettes is
equivalent to and replaces the dioxide carbon of fossil origin produced by:
- 0.3367 kg methane (0.47 m3 STP)
- 0.7405 kg coal (lignite)
- 0.43 kg fuel oil.
In the coming years, taxes will be added for emitted SOx, ash, CO2, raising the
stress for taxpayers’ budgets. Those taxes are practically nil in the case of
briquettes (only tax for CO2 could be considered but the CO2 emitted is benign).
For comparison purposes, supposing 40% thermal efficiency, in order to obtain 1
Gcal of energy, one must burn 563 kg briquettes. At a price of 400 Ron/tons, this
means 225 Ron/Gcal.
The production cost of 1 Gcal delivered in cities via the central heat distribution
system reaches 100-150Euros (420-630 RON, the figure is almost double the one
Western EU) (Central Heating, 2009) due to inefficient co-generation installations
and heavy losses in the distribution network. Though those connected at the
central heating system pay currently 100-190 RON/Gcal, this price is subsidized by
local administration by taking money from other taxes paid by citizens. Currently,
some municipalities consider increasing this price to 300 RON. In any case, the
subsidies will go off by 2015 (Gcal., 2009) and by then the synergy solution will
become even more attractive for households in the country area.
22
Investment financial description:
The finances were provided through Grant from Norway through the Norwegian
Cooperation Programme for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in
Romania. ESD financing scheme
How the equipment selection was made:
RITMIC needed an equipment (forest greifer, as it is called) to collect and, if
possible, to transport wooden waste from remote places. A forest greifer has
already been acquired by the RITMIC Company, with the help of the ESD financing
scheme. The selection procedure is described in the subsequent paragraph. A
portfolio with 4 options has been set up by the RITMIC general Manager, after
discussions with ECOIND representatives and with other specialists and owners of
equipments that could carry out the collection and transport of wooden waste
from remote places. Many discussions used the INTERNET facilities. A number of
4 options have been put on a shortlist (see illustrations below). Then, after
another set of discussions, a number of criteria were selected to evaluate the
selected options. During these discussions, each criterion received a relevance
score from 1 (lowest relevance) to 10 (most relevant). Criteria covers economic
aspects (K8) as well as technical ones (K2-K7) or geographical one (K1). The result
is included in the following table.
Years in
service
State
Transport
capacity, tons
Price,
Thou.Euros
(basic offer)
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
1
3
5
4
7
6
8
10
Option 1
RomaniaBrasov
2nd
hand
4
Need
major
repairs
9.5
40
none
100
Option 2
RomaniaM.Ciuc
New
0
6
25
20 ( in the
attached
trailer)
180
Option 3
Austria
2nd
hand
5
10
40
Option 4
RomaniaSuceava
2nd
hand
5
9.5
20
40 (truck
platform
+ trailer)
Need
repairs
Need
repairs
none
New or 2nd
hand
K1
Criteria
Code
Relevance
of criteria
Options
Brand
new
Location of
vendor
Action Radius,
m
Steepest
slope, degrees
Table 1. Information matrix for selecting the equipment.
Criteria used in decision making
140
80
23
The next step was to turn information in the above table in a decision matrix, by
giving rates from 1 (lowest) to 10 (best) to each option, along each criterion.
State
Action Radius,
m
Steepest slope,
degrees
Transport
capacity, tons
Price,
Thou.Euros
(basic offer)
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
1
3
5
4
7
6
8
10
4
7
1
10
1
10
1
1
3
10
1
1
1
10
5
5
9
1
10
9
10
6
4
1
1
5
1
10
4
1
7
10
Location of
vendor
New or 2nd
hand
Years in service
Table 2. Decision matrix to support the selection of the equipment
Criteria used in decision making
Criteria
Code
Relevance
of criteria
Options
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Score
197
220
201
287
Some other criteria (e.g., availability of spare parts, operating easiness) have been
neglected since all the options comes from the Western EU producers and are
very similar in operation. Spare parts will be a problem for any final selection.
The final step was to devise a score for each option by adding the products of each
Option score by the relevance of the criteria.
The result is a kind of weighed mean that takes into account all the criteria, with
their attributed relevance. This is a typical Multiple-Criteria-Decision-Making
problem. From the 4 options portfolio of different offers (see below), RITMIC has
chosen Option 4, the truck+cran+trailer, having the highest score and that
constitutes an integrated equipment allowing collecting and transport of wooden
waste from remote places in the forests.
Description of the Investment
A second-hand DAF (Dutch) truck+crane+trailer was purchased, having the
following main technical specifications:
1. lifting moment: 134 kNm;
2. rotating moment: 30 kNm;
3. rotating range: 425º;
4. action radius: 9,5 m;
5. working pressure: 225 bar;
6. overall mass of the truck+crane: 2.430 kg;
7. hydraulic crane: articulated;
8. maximal payload: truck: 20tons, trailer:20 tons.
Planning of the Investment in connection to other Company activities
The forest greifer was purchased by RITMIC company from SC GAMA ALCOVIN
(another Company in the Suceava County), at the end of June 2010. The
investment was carried out in two steps.
24
As the equipment was a second-hand one, RITMIC has immediately invested in its
repair and maintenance:
- revising and repair of the hydraulic installations of the crane
- new tyres
- repairing the clutching system of the engine
- other minor interventions at the equipment engine.
All these repairs were a condition for getting the system fully operational, were
included in the investment and partially covered by the financing scheme of the
ESD Project. The tables below detail all the element of the investment already
carried out in the ESD Project, at the Ritmic Company. Currently the equipment is
fully operational and has started its mission: collecting wooden debris from across
the surrounding of the Ilisesti village and providing, in this manner, new quantities
of raw material for the RITMIC business.
Description of operator:
Project partners are SINTEF (lead) and ECOIND, supported by a grant from Norway
through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic Growth and
Sustainable Development in Romania.
IDN have leased out Project Manager and other experts to SINTEF. ‘The project is
a sub-project under ESD Romania funded by Norway Grants and administrated by
Innovation Norway .SINTEF and ECOIND offered technical support to RITMIC in
following areas:
Cost and added value estimates for processing of the wooden waste.
Energy and material balance for wooden waste processing in the briquetting
facility.
Implementation of selected environmental Technology, and Insight into
Norwegian approach to cleaner, environmentally friendly forest exploitation and
wooden waste treatment.
Investment in and upgrading the state of the art solution for collecting wooden
waste from forests, river banks, country roads, etc. in the purpose of cleaning the
environment and transport the wooden waste to a special processing facility.
Environmental Benefits
Enviro impact of sawdust. Essentially, wooden debris and sawdust are organic
matter that, in principle, should not pollute the environment. Indeed, sawdust is
used in many instances to improve soil texture, along with nitrogen containing
fertilizers, manure, lime, etc.
But when left on soil, in large quantities, in the vicinity of water courses, this kind
of waste is a heavy polluter. In Canada, a vast operation of assessing the
environmental impact of sawmills has been found too costly for sawmills owners
(5000-80000 Can$) so many small-operation sawmills have chosen to close rather
than pay the Ontario Ministry of the Environment’s new fees for assessment and
saw dust disposal (Canadian Geographic, 2009). Disposed of on soil, saw dust
modifies drastically the soil quality and composition, by changing the CarbonNitrogen ration in soil. Bacteria that consume carbon from saw dust consumes
also the Nitrogen (essential to plant metabolism) in soil, leaving less Nitrogen for
plants.
25
The impact upon water is similar, bacteria that consumes carbon in celluloses from
sawdust, exhaust the oxygen in the water, suffocating fishes and other organisms.
Leachate from sawmills is produced by rainfalls, snowfalls or by water used by
employees to reduce dust taken by the wind. Leachate gets easily in and pollutes
the underground or nearby river / lake waters taking with it dissolved materials,
including chemicals used to treat the wood. In addition, the process leaves the
toxic lignin free in the water (lignin is a complex chemical compound, an integral
part of the cell walls of plants that protect trees from predators while they are
alive, but can leach into water and poison wildlife).
Virgin resources saved. As wood is the main fuel for households in the Suceava
area (together with coal of rather low quality - lignite), the main benefit of using
sawdust briquettes is sparing virgin resources (forests).
RITMIC Company estimates at 1600 tons per year wooden waste collected. The
1600 tons of sawdust collected and processed per year come from renewable
resources and means 1600 tons less virgin wood needed for domestic uses, i.e. 9.2
ha virgin forest saved (at a rate of 218 m3 tree volume per hectare, cf. Romanian
Forests, 2009).
The biofuel produced (wooden briquettes) has the characteristics shown in the
following table.
Characteristics
Sawdust (dry solid)
Gross Calorific Value (kcal/kg)
Relative humidity, %
Volatile organics, g/kg
Sulfur, %
Ash, %
Density, kg/m3
Geometry
4769
0%
85,9
0.02
0.46
For reference:
Gross calorific value of:
Coal (lignite, young bituminous coal) delivered
ca. 6000 kcal/kg
for domestic fuel, 10% water)
Fuel oil
8000 – 10400 kcal/kg
Methane
13200 kcal/kg
Ethanol
7208 kcal/kg
Fossil fuels saved. For a year operation, at a rate of 1600 tons sawdust processed,
the synergy leads to economies of:
-
536 tons methane (ca. 750000 m3 STP)
-
1184 tons coal
-
688 tons fuel oil,
or 984 tons ethanol (seen as a future substitute for fossil gasoline)
Greenhouse gases (CO2). The advantage of the wooden briquettes is that they are,
practically, carbon neutral (Illsey et al, 2007). The contained carbon is benign (it is
not coming from fossil sources but from the existing carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, processed by trees during their life time). So, the carbon dioxide
emitted by wood combustion does not add to the overall greenhouse gas
26
concentration in the atmosphere.
Indeed, one of the most important EU energy projects is to turn wood in ethanol,
considering wood as a benign source of carbon dioxide and adding the possibility
of using the existing piping network and gas stations for delivering liquid ethanol,
instead of fossil gasoline or solid wood.
Following the figures in the table above, every 1 kg of wooden briquettes is
equivalent to and replaces the dioxide carbon of fossil origin produced by:
-
0.3367 kg methane (0.47 m3 STP)
-
0.7405 kg coal (lignite)
-
0.43 kg fuel oil.
Other pollutants.
As mentioned, coal is, along with wood, the main fuel use in households across
Suceava County. Coal contains large quantities of sulfur and traces of heavy metals
(in ash).
Gases that generate acid rains (SOx):
-
1600 tons of sawdust processed and burnt produces only 64 kg SOx
-
The equivalent quantity of 1184 tons of coal with approx. 1.5 % Sulfur
(Clean Coal, 2009) produces 35000 kg SOx.
Even if this SOx is captured as dry gypsum – CaSO4, this means approx. 77000 kg
CaSO4 that adds to the solid waste produced. The advantage of burning briquettes
is obvious.
Heavy metals:
Milestones of
implementation
-
ash from burning briquettes does not contain heavy metals.
-
1184 tons of lignite (low quality coal) with up to 45% ash, dry basis (Clean
coal, 2009) leads to 500-530 tons of ash to be sent to damping areas.
These ashes contain important quantities of heavy metals (Vanadium,
Chromium, Nickel, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, etc.) that pollute the
environment when deposited in large quantities. Using briquettes instead
of coal totally reduces these hazards.
-
Chlorides, Mercury, NOx are also heavy pollutants generated by burning
coal and inexistent during briquettes burning.
The business idea came from the observation that people in the County (situated
in an under-developed region of Romania) have problems getting low-cost fuel
and from the fact that Suceava County is rich in forests that are exploited
intensively, though not sustainably, after 1990. Wooden waste pollutes currently
the roadsides, river banks, forests outskirts, etc. and is available at no cost at many
locations, across the Suceava County.
In August 2009, The County Forest Authority of the Suceava County issued a letter
addressed to the RITMIC Company. The letter mentioned the huge problems
confronting the Forest Authority, because of the wooden waste left on site by
timber companies active in the Suceava County. Such waste not only infests the
forests, cause diseases to trees and bushes but provokes soil and water pollution.
27
Lignin, the main constituent of the wood is a very slow decomposing chemical.
Bacteria that can digest lignin or cellulose in the soil or water need also large
quantities of nitrogen and oxygen. In this way the carbon-oxygen-nitrogen balance
in the soil and the oxygen balance in running waters are deeply affected. Fish
population and other endemic animals or plants are affected, as a consequence.
Apart of the direct environmental impact produced by decomposing wood upon
the health and quality of the forest, large quantities of trunks in the stream valleys
constitute dams stopping the flow of water , generating the risk of flooding and
landslides for the neighbouring communities.
The local Environmental Protection Agency and the Local Environmental Guard
put pressure upon the local Forest Authority to clean the forest of biomass waste
(see photo below).
Trunks and branches left on site by timber companies, near Ilisesti, blocking a
stream.
The cited letter of the Forest Authority asked RITMIC for help in cleaning the
forests from waste and use the biomass in the technological processes
implemented at the RITMIC facilities in Ilisesti.
The problem was that RITMIC lacked the right equipment to carry on such a job.
This is the point where ESD came in, with its support.
The ESD Project offered to Ritmic the possibility to acquire a special mobile crane
+ truck + trailer system that could go into the forest, in far and remote places,
collect the wooden waste and shuttle it to the Ilisesti briquetting facility.
RITMIC already owns a state-of-the-art facility for briquetting sawdust. It lacks the
equipment to collect and transport biomass waste from woods (trunks, branches,
wooden debris).
SINTEF and ECOIND offered technical support to RITMIC to find the right
equipment needed.
During the first phase of the ESD Project, the services offered to the RITMIC
Company included:
1. Selection of the RITMIC Company and preliminary discussions with the
RITMIC management.
2. Evaluating the business potential and the environmental impact of an ESD
Project having RITMIC as a partner.
3. Identification of the RITMIC business that could be inserted as a
partnership in the mainframe of the ESD Project.
28
4. Literature survey to identify the feasibility of the Project. This included
also current EU and Romanian legislation that encourages, as already
mentioned, use of renewables.
5. Preparing the Specifications of the ESD Contract. The focus was to identify
and develop a sustainable, environmentally friendly, up-to-date business
that increases the value of waste, turns waste into resources, bring
benefits to local communities in an innovative way.
6. Technical assistance in choosing the right equipment.
7. Technical support in preparing financial documentation for
reimbursement (stage 1 and stage 2, as mentioned in the 2 tables above).
8. Collecting technical data about the briquetting factory and about other
alternatives for adding value to the wooden waste using existing or future
RITMIC facilities (To be used in devising the future sustainable strategy of
the RITMIC Comp).
9. Communicating with the communities in order to disseminate the ESD
Project and increase the impact of the ESD Project.
10. Measurements and analyses have been already started (see tables below)
and will continue:
-for devising specific consumptions of materials and utilities (energy in the
first place) in the RITMC facilities, in order to obtain objective date for the
impact of the ESD Project
-for evaluating the environmental impact of the briquetting factory (ash
analyses, ash being the only waste form the technology).
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
Collecting and reintroducing wooden waste in the economic circuit adds good
economical value to a renewable resource
The synergy adds important quantities of renewable biomass fuel to the market,
at a convenient price. The uniform geometry of the briquettes enables operation
of high efficient small scale stoves / boilers (e.g., down-draught burners with
practically no dust emissions). This reduces the quantity of fuel needed, saving
money for the households.
The project keeps the actual jobs in the organizations and contributes to its social
role.
Cleaning up the landscape with the help of the purchased equipment will
contribute to the touristic attractivity of the area. Local administration saves
money by using the cleaning service offered by RITMIC Comp.
KEY ELEMENTS FOR SUCCESS
Investment phase
• Evaluating the business potential and the environmental impact
• Identification of the business that could be inserted as a partnership in the
mainframe of the ESD Project.
• Literature survey to identify the feasibility of the Project. This included
also current EU and Romanian legislation that encourages, as already
mentioned, use of renewables.
• Identify and develop a sustainable, environmentally friendly, up-to-date
business that increases the value of waste, turns waste into resources,
bring benefits to local communities in an innovative way.
• Technical assistance in choosing the right equipment.
29
•
•
•
•
•
Technical support in preparing financial documentation for
reimbursement
Collecting technical data about the briquetting factory and other
alternatives for adding value to the wooden waste
Communicating with the communities in order to disseminate the ESD
Project and increase the impact of the ESD Project.
Measurements and analyses for devising specific consumptions of
materials and utilities (energy in the first place), in order to obtain
objective date for the impact of the ESD Project
Evaluating the environmental impact of the briquetting factory (ash
analyses, ash being the only waste form the technology).
Operation phase
In 2009, RITMIC has signed Contracts with the villages of Stroiesti, Ilisesti, Brasca,
Balaceana, Ciprian Porumbescu (see map) for collecting and shuttling domestic
waste to the nearby domestic waste dumping site. It is important to underline that
in the area near Ilisesti there is no, currently, an ecological site for dumping
domestic (municipal) waste. Several locations are under construction in the area
whilst the existing older sites must be closed and ecologized along the Aquis
Communautaire signed by Romania before entering the European Union in 2007.
In order to reduce costs at the disposal site, domestic waste collected by RITMIC is
subjected to a preliminary selection. Glass, metal, paper & cardboard, plastic
selected in this way is directed to recycling companies. Currently, the Ritmic
Company achieves an impressive 15-17% recycling of the domestic waste collected
from the nearby villages. The current figure at the Romanian level is 1% (ANPM,
2009) and at the EU level, 28%.
Table 3. A selection of business Partners of the RITMIC Company (biomass waste
providers)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
What should be
done
differently
Lessons learnt
Partner 1- OFFERS
VECOVAS SRL
ROTIL SRL
DIVIP SRL
Iasimold SRL
Romhribia SRL
Marimold SRL
Liamold SRL
Quantity
1600
624
1408
334
281
35
35
Forest
Authority
2-5000
Suceava County
U.M
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
tons
Remarks
Estimated until End of
ESD Project
Estimated until End of
Project by using the
forest
greifer
purchased in the
mainframe of the ESD
Project
The selected technology workable, the technology modification was not needed
Life Cycle Considerations. Raw material for the briquettes comes from a insidious
waste that currently pollutes the forests’ outskirts and water banks and courses in
30
the Suceava County.
The processing technology is environmentally friendly, uses biomass (wooden
chips) as energy source and the only waste produced is the (benign) carbon
dioxide that comes from the biomass burnt.
Once entering the market, briquettes are deposited and burnt. During their life
time they do not produce any environmental hazard and their combustion
produce benign carbon dioxide and small quantities of ash that can be used as
fertilizer.
Waste diverted from landfill. As already shown, if the sawdust is not taken from
where it is presently thrown away and processed, it will be left on soil, near water
courses, and not in controlled damping areas. So the Project diverts some 1600
tons of waste from landfill every year
Overall considerations:
Biomass is one of the important energy resources of Romania. There will always
be need for inexpensive fuel sawdust briquettes represent a solution to this need.
As the price of oil and gas will increase, biomass becomes the alternative at hand
and the synergy presented here produces valuable biomass fuel from waste,
resolving also important environmental problems, in the long term.
On the other hand, forest management in Romania does not fully comply with
international and EU rules for sustainability. The obvious challenge is that in the
coming years, the cost of raw wood could raise, once sustainable management
policies are implemented, adding also to the costs of processing wood. Some of
those costs will probably add to the cost of sawdust delivered in the framework of
the synergy.
In addition, wood will probably no more be available for exploitation at a low cost
as it is nowadays (when large quantities of wood are cut illegally) and many
sawmills will probably have to close down.
Future environmental legislation will also make the small sawmills operation very
difficult. Getting rid of sawdust produced is a priority and the identified synergy
sorts out the issue.
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Replication of the Project is very straightforward to all location in Romania where
biomass, wooden waste is available and constitutes a problem for the
environment and could become a benefit for the community. The synergy is a
good solution for improving the energy of small communities and limited
geographic areas. It may be replicated in small communities across 28% area of
Romania covered by forests.
Knowledge needed:
• Regulations on the generation, transformation, recovery and disposal of
wood waste
• Structure of wood waste generated
• Separate collection systems for wood waste
• Level of recovery and the main technologies and exploitation directions
•
•
Identification of key companies involved in processing of wood waste
Potential new forms of wood waste use and the possible increase of
recycling level
31
Skills /
competences
required for
success
Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best practice
are):
Knowledge on Products and Production processed
Knowledge on Market and clients
Stakeholder Analysis
Knowledge on Environmental Challenges
Experiences of using public support systems and financial instruments
Strategy for development
Role, place and impact of the acquired equipment in RITMIC technology profile.
Investment options for possible development of the technological capabilities in
order to increase wooden waste value.
Knowledge on Planning of the Investment
are):
o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external
environments
• management
o Manages workflow
• collaboration
• innovation
• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics
o Self-motivated
o Knowledgeable about technical report writing
o Fluent in English
32
•
•
•
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
Planning skills
o Understands organizational design
o Understands infrastructure planning
Computer skills
o Knowledgeable about Management Information Systems
NOVI AGRAR - BIOGAS PLANT AND UTILIZATION OF MANURE
AND SLURRY FROM THE SURROUNDING FARMS
Investor /beneficiary name: Novi Agrar d.o.o.,
Location of investment: DCF Mala Branjevina d.o.o. , Mala Branjevina bb
e-mail : [email protected]
Description of
• The works were carried out in the period from May to November 2011;
the best
excavation, construction, delivery and installation of equipment, electrical
practice
works, automation, commissioning, trial run, continuous operation.
• Constituent institution of the project - New Agrar Ltd. and DCF Mala Branjevina
Ltd. (investors), UTS biogastechnik GmbH (technological equipment), Pro2
(cogeneration unit), HEP, HERA, HROTE.
• The aim of the project - an independent biogas plants and utilization of
manure and slurry from the surrounding farm in property of institution
• The investment was financed through loans in the amount of € 4,000,000 /
plant, OTP Bank
• Operating expenses of plant (including raw materials, maintenance, staff etc.)
were of about 65% of the annual revenue of the facilities, while profits is
about 35% of revenue
• External environmental gain could not be determined before the start of
continuous operation mode, while the costs related to the investment were
thoroughly reviewed and carefully analysed, so there was no breaking the
investment budget
Milestones of
• Feasibility study for an energy efficiency project
implementation • The preliminary design for the issuance of building permits
• Location permit
• Previous electric power permit (PEES)
• Contracting technical documentation and project proposals
33
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
competences
required for
success
•
•
•
•
The control and quality assurance (equipment, materials, assembly,
testing)
Pilot testing and plant handover
Technical Overview
The use of organic residues from the production, manure and slurry (reducing
the negative environmental impact).
• Employment
• Creating added value
• The development of an acceptable partnership with HEP
• The development of an acceptable partnerships with equipment
manufacturers, delivering parts and general repair (UTS, Stalkamp, Strom, Pro2
• Construction work, installation of technological equipment, training of
personnel, probation, continuous operation.
The organic residues and manure are converted to electric energy and does not
represent a problem for the environment, digestate is good organic fertilizer
Thermal energy is used for heating processes and ancillary buildings to plants,
development of projects for more effective utilization of thermal energy.
Knowledge in the field of farming, animal husbandry, microbiology, mechanical
engineering, electrical and civil engineering
practice are):
- Estimated cost of construction and cost-effectiveness of investment in plant
(Investment studies and analyzes).
are):
- Planning and organization of work required for the deployment of equipment to
available space
- Recognition of defects during assembly with the construction drawings and and
timely revision of the detailed design.
34
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
STRIZIVOJNA HRAST - COGENERATION FACILITY BASED ON
WOODEN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND SWITCHYARD
STRIZIVOJNA HRAST d.o.o.STRIZIVOJNA
Braće Radića 82, 31410, Strizivojna
k.č.br.1898,k.o.VRPOLJE
[email protected]
Description of
the best
practice
Milestones of
implementation
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
Type of plant, air-cooled condenser
Consists of a steam boiler, steam turbine, air-cooled condenser, heating stations
and other equipment, turbo generator power of 3.3 MW el,
Cogeneration significantly contributes to better energy efficiency by reducing
environmental damage from conventional energy activities, uses the waste heat
that always arises in obtaining electricity, not demanding but effective
technology, suitable for use of multiple raw materials, (chips, pellets,
briquettes) from the hardwood residues from technology, The chemical
composition does not contain sulphur, - The ESCO model - financing through
savings (HEP ESCO)
Costs of investment – 15.000 000,00 €
- Feasibility study for an energy efficiency project
- The preliminary design for the issuance of building permits
- Location permit
- Previous electric power permit (PEES)
- Contracting technical documentation and project consortium TPK-EPO Zagreb
and KIV Vrana Slovenia
- The control and quality assurance (equipment, materials, assembly, testing)
- Trial operation and takeover of the plant
- Technical Overview
- Waste wood biomass as fuel is used for heat and electricity intended factory
and village.
Combustion does not contribute to SO2 and CO2 emission thus reduce
glasshouse gas emission
The development of an acceptable partnerships with equipment manufacturers,
delivering parts and general overhauls (Siemens, TPK, KIV, Hamworthy ...).
Equipment manufacturer's is also the contractor of installation of their own
equipment, and personnel educator
- Employment
35
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
•
•
•
•
•
•
Skills /
competences
required for
success
Knowledge of raw material and its composition
Knowledge of decision making process
Knowledge of implementation process of an energy distribution
investment
Knowledge of best available technologies on the market to be able to
make a proper technology description for the tender
knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures
Knowledge of available financing options to prepare a plan for project
finance
practice are):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understands governance and administrative systems
Understands how to acquire needed resources
Demonstrated systems thinking ability
Manages workflow
Demonstrates financial analysis and management
Manages information and technology
Confident in handling new tasks
Flexible in assignments
Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best
practice are):
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Able to present technical data
Understands economic modelling
Able to analyse political support and opposition
Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis
Able to do strategic planning
Understands organizational design
Knowledgeable about project design and planning
Skilled in word processing
Understands spreadsheet usage
Skilled with internet
36
Chapter II.: Cross-border best practices in other renewable energy technology initiatives
Chapter II.: Cross-border best practices in other renewable energy
technology initiatives
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
Description of
the best
practice
BUILDING OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT (220KW) IN THE
CITY OF PLETERNICA
Investor/beneficiary name: City of Pleternica
Location of investment: Grad Pleternica
• Web: http://www.pleternica.hr/kontakt
• Telephone : + 385 34 251 046
• Fax: + 385 34 311 049
Main points:
•
•
Small hydro power plant in Pleternica is the first power plant owned by
the local self-government unit in Croatia (The city of Pleternica) and first
Croatian small hydropower plant integrated in electrical grid. It is
positioned on river Orljava that has a potential for installation of several
more power plants of this kind. Electrical power of the plant is 220 kW,
and it will produce 1.100 MWh of electrical energy per year and efficiency
of 96 – 98 %. It has almost no effect on the environment. For comparison,
this amount of electrical energy is sufficient to cover energy demand and
cost for public lighting of entire municipality.
The total investment in the project was around 5 million HRK, co financed
by the City of Pleternica, Energy efficiency and environmental protection
fund and the Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds. Many
procedural obstacles have occurred since many law regulations have
changed in the process of project implementation which has started in
2006. Additional expense of the investment has occurred for
environmental study, which at the end turned out to be unnecessary. The
City of Pleternica had to establish the company to be able to gain the
concession from the Croatian government for using the stream of river
Orljava. After the testing period, the company has gained the status of
eligible producer of electrical energy and has made a contract for the sale
of electrical energy with the HEP (Croatian national electrical company)
for the period of 14 years.
37
•
This project will make a profit of 850.000,00 HRK per year, which is more
than the annual cost for public lighting of entire municipality. Financial
savings can be used for other capital project in the area, and at the same
time it will help to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions.
Milestones of
implementation
3. Obtaining the construction permits and many other approvals of different
institutions
4. Approval for concession for usage of river Orljava stream for building of
power plant
5. Making of environmental study for the project
6. Ensured sources of co-financing for the project
7. Screen best available technology and possible financing options on the
market by a preliminary market research
8. Based on the results of the market research prepare the technology
description and the financing plan of a possible tender in order to ensure
a wide range of competitive bids, to be able to find the best value option
for money
9. Prepare the complex tender document and organize its political
acceptance
10. Implement the tendering procedure and select the most competitive bid
11. Finish the investment and assess whether the objectives and expected
results have been met.
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option
selection
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
•
•
National company KONČAR was selected for production of the technical
equipment since their long standing experience in construction of
electrical equipment
KONČAR has significant experience in European and world market. Since it
is national company, their permanent presence and availability for
technical maintenance is very important
Main points:
• This project is significant for the promotion of renewable energy projects
and possibility for their implementation in small cities and municipalities
• It is a great example of cooperation between local self government units
and national institutions
• Project has economically acceptable payback period of the investment
and it is showing the example of good usage of natural resources and
contribution to economic growth of the local area
Since it was the first small hydro power plant, entire implementation of this
project can be considered as a lesson. All the procedures, steps and activities have
set the ground for implementation of similar projects in entire country.
• Knowledge of municipality decision making process
• Knowledge of implementation processes and procedures on national level
• Knowledge of best available technologies on the market to be able to
• knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures
• Knowledge of available financing options to prepare a plan for project
finance
• Knowledge of tendering procedures
• Knowledge of public tendering
38
competences
required for
success
practice are):
• Understands governance and administrative systems
• Understands how to acquire needed resources
• Demonstrated systems thinking ability
• Understands administrative law
• Manages workflow
• Demonstrates financial analysis and management
• Manages information and technology
• Understands project management
• Demonstrates skill in team building and management
• Capable of systems thinking
• Able negotiator
• Confident in handling new tasks
• Flexible in assignments
are):
• Able to present technical data
• Understands proposal writing
• Able to write in-depth reports
• Understands economic modelling
• Able to analyze political support and opposition
• Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis
• Able to do strategic planning
• Understands organizational design
• Knowledgeable about project design and planning
• Skilled in word processing
• Understands spreadsheet usage
• Skilled with internet
39
TITLE OF
ESUS – ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT STREET LAMP
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of Investor /beneficiary name: Municipality of Velenje
investment
Location of investment: Velenje
• Web: http://esus.si/
Description of Main points:
the
best
• Public lighting is an area that recently is experiencing radical changes.
practice
New trends in the use of LED lamps are slowly but surely penetrating
into our environments. ESUS – energy self-sufficient street lamp for its
battery power exploits two types of renewable energy sources at the
same time: it consists of a pole, on which is thin film photovoltaic (PV)
module, at the top there is a smaller wind turbine. Both RES produce
energy for the battery, which is located in the foundation, from where
the LED lamps is powered.
Milestones of The key milestones for implementation of this project were
implementation
1. Exploits two renewable energy sources;
2. Does not need electrical installation;
3. Operation does not have harmful impacts on the environment;
4. ESUS produce enought energy for powering 5 additional 35 W lamps;
5. Development and production is in Slovenia;
6. Increases the security of energy supply from its own resources.
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
•
Public lighting requires certain autonomy of operation of each lamp,
especially when it is not connected to the electric network. In the past
the experiments have already begun with so-called solar lamps, which
have been using PV modules for its operation. In winter time, when
there was not available enough solar energy, their autonomy of
operation has been significantly reduced and did not achieve sufficiently
high standards. The movement of air masses that generate sufficient
force to drive smaller windmills is increasing because of the high
temperature fluctuations. Street lamps, which in addition of solar
energy also take advantage of wind energy, represent an appropriate
40
Why is this
considered to
be
a
best
practice
•
•
•
Lessons learnt
•
Professional
knowledge
required
for
replicability
Skills
/
competences
required
for
success
•
•
•
•
•
•
development, especially in areas of limited electrical installation, in
areas where it is not allowed to be fitted with electrical installation and
in hard accessible areas.
The lamp is self-sufficient.
Energy savings are up to 80 %.
Use in town as in rural areas; Where is limited infrastructure of
electricity; In hard accessible places, where is not allowed to build
infrastructure of electrical installation.
ESUS lamp is still in the development stage. Despite to that, in Velenje
are already 14 of such lamps, of which 12 are upgraded with an
additional PV module that improves the autonomy of operation. At this
stage the individual ESUS is capable of powering an additional 5 street
lamps (power of 35 W) what additionally improves the overall
economics of the lamp. A big advantage of ESUS is the use of passive
infrared movement sensors, which recognize the moving persons and
objects and react to changes of heat (infrared technology) up to a
distance of 10 m.
Knowledge of selection of suitable RES technologies
Knowledge of selection of suitable location for exploitation of RES
Knowledge of available financing for the implementation.
Availability of the RES potentials (wind and sun) at the proposed
locations for the implementation of the ESUS lamps.
Understanding the technical data.
Knowledgeable about RES exploitation and availability of the RES
technology.
41
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
Description of
the best
practice
SPIRAL WIND TURBINE
Investor /beneficiary name: LNG wind Kft.
Location of investment8313 Balatongyörök, Zsölleháti köz 7.
Zala County - Hungary
• Web: http://www.iwindpark.com
• Telephone : +36 30 6945 504
In the framework of the “Region's innovation potential development by
supporting innovative start-up companies" application LNG wind Ltd. developed
an innovative new domestic wind turbine blade spiral system. The nextrooeight
represents a new generation of domestic wind power in the market. Resistance to
wind generators and environmentalists from the perspective of the landscape
matching the visual and aesthetic vision, limited to noise and interference.
The blades of the lower-wiring of starting, projection in described the Fibonacci
squares using the Fibonacci spiral is determined by the blade lines, such that the
beam according to the Fibonacci numbers, quadrant per sheet is changing the
spiral radius corresponding to the Fibonacci numbers proportions and, reaching
the highest degree beam evenly in the bottom section of the upper section of the
latches similar lines to the axis of rotation.
The spiral lines and a compact design enables significant, due to the vertical axis
of rotation and formal design of the blades utility of the structure is not affected
by the prevailing wind direction, air movement in any direction less than able to
exploit. The line of the further advantage that the design of the design result in
low startup speed utilized such a rated power wind speed is significantly lower
than the level of air movements of the apparatus.
type: nextroo one
Capacity up to 400 W
It is a very slim device with a quadratic ground plan. Its supporting pillars are set
42
on the four corners outside of the rotor construction. Its appearance is neutral, it
can be placed easily in any natural and built surroundings. The construction can be
used as a grid-connected or an off-grid system. The energy is provided by the solar
cells placed on the top of the windmill.
nominal power: 400 W
maximum rotor diameter: 380 mm
total structural weight: 25.9 kg
start speed: 2.0 m / s
maximum speed: 45 m / s
optimal speed range from 3.5 to 15 m / s
nominal voltage: 12,24 and 48 VDC
turbine micro-processor control, mechanical brake system
pillar body made of stainless steel
wing blade height: 2600 mm
pillars layout size: 400 x 400 mm
aero wing: GOE435
constructional height: 5990 mm
hybrid system: yes / PV cell
lifetime: appr. 20 years
There are two highest system option:
type: nextroo eight
It has an elliptic ground plan. The blades move on a spiral form with changing the
radius around the supporting pillar. The mechanism is 6 ms high. The effective
energy production was the main aspect during the construction. It can be used as
a grid-connected or an off-grid system. The energy is provided by the solar cells
placed on the top of the windmill. Speed range from 3.5 to 45 m / s
type: nextroo nine
It has an elliptic ground plan. The blades move on a spiral form with changing the
radius around the supporting pillar. The mechanism is 9 ms high. The effective
energy production was the main aspect by the construction. It can be used as a
grid-connected or an off-grid system. The energy is provided by the solar cells
placed on the top of the windmill. Speed range from 3.5 to 45 m / s
Milestones of
implementation
1. feasibility study,
2. public tendering
3. project application
4. acceptance for financing, ,
5. starting of the works physical implementation
6. cooperation with the universities and researchers, labs, AutoCad experts
7. selecting the subcontractors, starting the operation
8. 3D printing, model creation
9. Business plan developing
What was the
reason behind
the technology
•
Taking these into consideration managed to create an aesthetically
pleasing, visually neutral structure that would not become a burden on
the landscape, and thanks to its size and layout to be no adverse
43
option selection
•
•
•
•
environmental effects.
Complex feasibility study was prepared, which involved investment and
future operation costs, income prognosis and evaluation together with
technology option assessment
The compact, small nextroo windmills with innovative form and design
offer a new way for manufacturing the renewable energy. They are very
practical, handy for households, smaller factories, schools. They can be
connected to other kinds of constructions using renewable energy (like
solar energy; heat pumps) and through these hybrid systems the using of
alternative resources can be increased.
The adoption of the technologies using wind and solar energy gives
possibility to reduce or eliminate your dependence on grid electricity or to
reduce your carbon footprint. From the renewable energy sources the
wind-energy can be the cheapest to use and it goes with zero carbondioxide-emission. In this way it is the greenest energy.
Probably a higher demand will appear from the household sector to
complement the solar systems
Why is this Resistance to wind generators from the perspective of the environmental
considered to protection activities mainly focus on the landscape matching and aesthetic vision,
be
a
best limited to noise and interference and the birds protection. Taking these into
practice
consideration managed to create an aesthetically pleasing, visually neutral
structure, and thanks to its size and layout could not become a burden on the
landscape and will not occur harmful environmental effects, so it is an effective
alternative to the already widespread renewable energy equipment.
In the national level in order to increase wind energy production, the
development trend is not to plant only powerful, large and high wind speed
required structures, but install the much smaller dwarf turbines in large numbers
in the households. However, there is no doubt the potential of the vertical axis
generators improvement opportunities, because of the very large advantage that
they can be installed regardless of the wind direction. Because of the form and
design nextroo domestic windmills offer an aesthetical solution if the nature and
the sustainable development are also important.
The Strategy Plan of Renewable Energy in Hungary reckons with spreading of wind
farms and low-capacity-wind-generations (until3 KW). The last can produce power
for electric network periodically (the plus produced by domestic micro-generators
can be fed into the network and sold to the utility company, producing a retail
credit for the micro-generators’ owners to offset their energy costs), but they are
important first of all in the energy supplement of local communities. If the energy
power is not enough, can set more equipment and make domestic wind farms.
What should be
done
differently
It is not too easy to implement the Fibonacci spiral by the 3D technology in a
reasonable price, so it is needed to develop a suitable technology for a mass serial
production. This topic causes some delays in the implementation and the market
sales.
Lessons learnt
The most effective solution - according to the model tests - if the baffles are
placed in a spiral shape. Increased use of baffles in the structure when the
hydrodynamic resistance, but the structure can be harmful vibrations may be
44
released. Caused by the blades of a wind power generation equipment
hydrodynamic forces increase resistance to increase the stagnation pressure is
desirable, so as to increase the level of the structure when torque is achieved only
as a result of the blade form suitable sales documents.
Placed in the path of the wind in the side vortex separation are created. If the
vortex shedding periodically repeated the structure of the fixed-speed wind excite
transverse vibration. The harmful vibrations may be released if we regulated the
air flow. This is done with the surface of the structure placed baffles.
Effectiveness of the use of wind power can be increased by applying the Fibonacci
spiral lines with descriptive blade structures, as the training wing profiles
outwardly directed the airfoil generates lift, but due to the ever-changing
contours smoothly changing the structure of the forces. Interface providing the
buoyancy affecting changes continuously along the wheel lines, and consequently
the structure is continuously rotated by the wind from the direction of the
coordinated work of mass inertia (momentum) caused by motion carry higher
speed rotational movement ability, consequently, the electricity generation is
more effective in of hitherto known methods.
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
•
•
•
•
•
•
Knowledge of project application
Knowledge of how to finance a project scheme
Knowledge of how to assemble a wind power and photovoltaic systems
Usable god connections to the university labs
Knowledge to work with cooperation with experts and subcontractors
Knowledge of renewable energy market
Skills
/ POSSIBLE REQUIRED COMPETENCES
competences
required
for
success
o Able to gather and synthesize info on external environments
• management
o Able to analyse and design structures and processes
• collaboration
• innovation
45
•
•
•
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
o Demonstrates knowledge of program evaluation
Planning skills
Computer skills
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL BASED HEATING SYSTEM
Investor /beneficiary name: Municipality of Bóly
Location of investment: Bóly, Hungary
E-contacts (website, email etc.): www.Bóly.hu, varoshaza@Bóly.hu
46
Description of
the best
practice
Main points:
10 major technological establishments: Reinjection borehole’s extension, Prospect
borehole’s extension, Pipeline’s installment, Heating center establishments, Pump
– and Engine house establishments, Machinery of reinjection -and filtering engine
facility, Machinery of production and control facilities, Electrical engineering
establishments, Controlling facility.
EU accountable
total
Ft
%
Ft
407 750 506
100,00%
433 877 006 100,00%
Total financial subsidy 239 255 618
58,68%
239 255 618 55,14%
Withdrawn financial
239 196 941
subsidy
From the EU
179 397 678
58,66%
239 196 941 55,13%
44,00%
179 397 678 41,35%
59 799 263
14,67%
59 799 263
13,78%
BM self-financed
95 702 250
23,47%
95 702 250
22,06%
Overall subsidy
334 899 191
82,13%
334 899 191 77,19%
Self-financing without
168 553 565
BM
Self-financing with BM 72 851 315
41,34%
Total Expense
From the State
Milestones of
implementatio
n
17,87%
194 680 065
98 977 815
%
44,87%
22,81%
Facility expenditure
390 970 506
95,88%
411 240 506 94,78%
The Operator of the whole project is the municipality of Bóly, there are no further
parties are involved so consortium does not apply. There are contractors who are
experts in their own fields but the overall beneficiary is the city of Bóly.
Remarkable savings are provided by a shift from natural gas to geothermal energy.
Within the project the reinjection well helps to have the cooled water reinjected
into the ground – according to the Hungarian regulations - so recycling of the
chilled water can take place in practice too. The estimated energy saving annually
is 23.920GJ on natural gas.
There are 26 milestones implemented in 6 major steps, namely: Project proposal,
Planning & Permitting, Project launching, Realization, Finishing & Ratification,
Fiscal pay-off .
47
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option
selection
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
What should
be done
differently
Lessons learnt
•
The geochemical gradient is extraordinary around the city and the quality
of the thermal water is outstanding regarding its temperature. The city has
free, well separated territory from public for the area of realization. Being
a rural area it is crucial to find solutions for cost savings-this makes the
energy consumption much less costly to the municipality as well as to the
habitants.
• On institutional level all the properties are possessed by the local
municipality except the children’s home which is owned by the county’s
management. Barany county’s management has stated the will of using
the heating system laying on renewable energy; therefore all the
institutions in the city would switch to geothermal energy instead. The
capacity of this project allows the city to ransom the current heating
system to the new one in all the institutions mentioned previously.
• Due to 2-3x thinner lithosphere than WW average the mining is much
cheaper here. There is a need for alternative solution since budgeting is
getting tighter year by year. The total ROI is 8.5 years (280.700€ savings
annually-given the total cost of 1.4 Million €(1.17milion€ as non reimb.
subs.)) Fully automated system-can be monitored and maintained via
internet. By realizing this project there will be 60% expenditure cut
annually due to heat supply(appx.: 800.000m3 ). By involving all the public
buildings the municipality enjoys full benefits of the development. Later
the residual heat could be helped by involving the greenhouse related
enterprises involved in the project too.
• Since the mayor has graduated in engineering he was capable to
determine the city’s technological and financial capacity in line with the
need of the city.
• The city gains great profit after the local business tax; therefore it is a
giving back move from the municipality in order to compensate the high
tax rate what is imposed on the companies in the industrial area. The high
income allows the project to be run without any bank and its loan involved
which is unique in this region.
• The community is going to be leader in renewable energy use in Hungary,
not to mention the cost savings what comes after implementation.
Independence from the pricing issues of natural gas is the major advantage
of such an investment.
• Having said that the mayor has the experience in this field as well as the
skills to maintain a system like this (He also controls the system from the
city hall)
• There is no further company involved, no partnership is needed. The entire
project is carried out only by the municipality of Bóly.
No delays have been reported according to the monitoring institution’s data
Due to sophisticated planning there was no delay or need for change in planning.
None of the case studies could indicate its futility or the negative impact on any
level (environmental/society/etc). There was no place to any protest since at this
point only the city and Baranya country owned properties are involved in the
project.
Based on the case studies and conclusion it can be stated that this is socially and
also economically excellent project what come to reality perfectly. It would be
useful to widen the service to the households, but in this case the municipality
would become an energy service provider, whoch falls under specific regulations
in Hungary. Therefore this service is not envisaged.
48
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
competences
required for
success
The engineering skill is implemented as the mayor graduated as engineer. Also the
required computer skills are present in the city hall. The city has already adopted
the technology due to existing project hence the particular progress is not a
stranger among the project management. Financial and logistical issues are also
taken care by the management and their success is granted due to previous
projects like this.
General computer skills are gained as well as the specific engineering one too. Of
course, specific jobs were outsourced to the respected organizations in order to
keep the quality bar high. Luckily for the maintenance there is no need for further
external involvement, all the jobs can be done by the locals.
COMPETENCES
resolution
• management
• collaboration
o Self-motivated
SKILLS:
• Planning skills
o Understands spatial analysis (physical, social,
demographic)
economic,
49
•
Computer skills
TITLE
OF
PROJECT / BEST PV NET – PHOTOVOLTAIC METERING SOLUTION
PRACTICE
Basic data of
• Web: http://www.pvnetmetering.eu/
investment
• Financing: For the pilot projects the financing is from the EU fond (85%)
and in the future it is considered to be obtained by the users themselves.
Description of
the
best
practice
•
Photovoltaic (PV) power plants no longer need support from Feed-inTariffs (FIT). On the other hand, smart net metering can now allow costeffective RES incorporation into the energy mix. This project addresses the
design of energy policies and strategies in the Mediterranean area for
cost-optimized utilization of RES and it involves smart energy
management schemes, in particular net metering, to provide
economically sustainable alternative to government FIT subsidies.
Technical solutions of pilot smart net-metering installations with remote
data access have been developed and implemented in the residential
houses in Cyprus, Portugal and Slovenia. The main focus of this paper is to
present the analysis of the current situation on the field of production of
electrical energy from PV power plants in the Mediterranean area, the
analysis of energy prices, the development of the technical solution with
pilot net metering installations and the data analysis.
50
Milestones of
implementation
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Why is this
considered to
be
a
best
practice
What should be
done
differently
Lessons learnt
•
Development of new technologies on RES exploitation.
Introduction to NET metering of energy (consumption and production).
Feed-in-tariff has (FIT) been adopted to the majority of the EU countries
as cost effective measure to increase the number of installed photovoltaic
(PV ) systems at the time when PV technology was not competitive.
Today, the FIT offers lower incentives, because PV technology has become
more competitive.
Smart net metering can be a very good solution offering the possibility of
measuring and managing the electrical energy consumed in buildings by
subtracting the energy produced with the installed PV system.
The obtained real time measurements with developed measurement
system:
1. confirm the good tracking of the parameters related with PV
power plant production including environmental parameters,
2. allows optimization in order to increase the energy efficiency and
reduce the bills.
A series of pilot smart net-metering installations serves to provide longterm data:
1. the further analysis can be done by means of classical statistics (mean
value, standard deviation, variance, skewness)
2. even more important clustering data into different time frames
(hourly, daily, monthly) with the goal of discovering all possible
optimized net metering schemes can be done.
The obtained real time measurements confirm the good tracking of the
parameters related with PV power plant production and allows
optimization of PV systems in order to increase the efficiency and reduce
the bills. A series of pilot smart net-metering installations serves to
provide long-term data. With these data the further analysis can be done
by means of classical statistics (mean value, standard deviation, variance,
skewness) and even more important clustering data into different time
frames (hourly, daily, and monthly) with the goal of discovering all
possible optimized metering schemes. Pilot installations show that it is
possible to handle the energy generated by PV through smart
management of electrical energy supply and demand and thereby
encourage an adequate and efficient use of PV. Expected long-term
impact of this project is improved access to information which improves
the knowledge and competences concerning the technical aspects and
public administration of more widespread adoption of PV and other RES.
• Two options are considered:
1. Use of existing measurement system with expended measurement system
(intelligent houses).
2. Creating the cheaper version of the measurement system
• Data on energy production of the PV plant on the building and the energy
consumption of the same building in 15 minute intervals considering the
environmental data (ambient temperature, PV module temperature, wind
speed, etc.).
• Sustainable development and more efficient renewable energy sources
(RES) exploitation in the Mediterranean area – maximize the energy
efficiency in buildings – define net metering;
• To propose net metering solutions to the utilities and the energy
51
•
•
•
•
•
Professional
knowledge
required
for
replicability
Skills
/
competences
required
for
success
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
regulatory authorities;
To support existing initiatives and EU policy on RES in the most costefficient way;
To analyze the PV potential and structure of energy bills in Mediterranean
area.
Distributed, energy efficient, smart-grid electricity generation
environment;
Research of different domestic energy consumption and production
profiles in Mediterranean countries;
Development of the technology for monitoring a wide variety of
environmental parameters, energy parameters at the same time instants
(every 15 min or less).
Optimization of production and consumption of energy.
Signal processing.
Measurement system design
Data analysis
technology.
Prices of the energy.
Analysis of solar potential and other weather parameters.
TITLE
OF
PROJECT / BEST VELENJE - DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM FROM DISTRICT HEAT
PRACTICE
SUPPLY
Basic data of
• Investor /beneficiary name: Municipality of Velenje, Communal company
investment
Velenje
Location of investment: Velenje
• Communal company Velenje
• Web: http://www.kp-velenje.si/
the
best
• District absorption cooling enables the use of hot water from the district
practice
heat supply to produce coolness in summer months. Absorption cooling
technology is environmentally friendly procedure, which for production of
coolness in the facilities consumes five times less electricity compared to
locally installed electric compressor aggregates.
• One of the first such systems is placed in Municipality of Velenje where it
is possible to supply the coolness to almost all public facilities in the direct
centre of the city.
implementation
1. Sound R&D results (not yet mature enough for application
2. Working prototypes (the technology works in labs as a prototype, further
efforts are needed for practical applications in real life conditions);
3. First industrial application (applied by leading actors);
4. Widely used technologies (the technology is used by many actors on
52
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
Why is this
considered to
be
a
best
practice
Lessons learnt
global/EU level, but hasn’t been applied in the respective region/city).
5. Operation does not have harmful impacts on the environment.
• The production of coolness from the absorption system increases the
exploitation of district heating in the Municipality of Velenje and enables
the exploitation of heat energy also in summer months. With that the
system of district heat supply in the Šaleška valley was upgraded to
trigeneration procedure as with primary production of electricity are also
produced heat energy and coolness. The district system enables the
increase of exploitation of the system, reduced energy use compared to
individual cooling units and increases the living and working environment.
• District cooling in Municipality of Velenje has been operating since 2010.
In facility of Municipality of Velenje was in summer 2010 sold 25 MWh of
cooling energy and 41 MWh to consumer New Bus station – total area for
the cooling in both buildings amounts about 6.000 m2 The average selling
price of cooling energy in 2010 amounted 0,1979 EUR/kWh. For all
consumers of cooling energy is ensured 15 % more competitive price of
supply with cooling energy from system ADH than they otherwise would
have with the construction and operation of their own local electro
compressor cooling systems.
• The implementation of the project and connection of two costumers of
cooling energy Facility Municipality of Velenje and New Bus station
influenced on the efficient energy use.
Professional
knowledge
required
for
replicability
•
•
•
•
Project management.
Public tendering.
Skills
/
competences
required
for
success
•
•
Availability/knowledge of the data of the selected buildings.
Availability/knowledge of the data on energy consumption of selected
buildings.
technology.
Prices of the energy.
Calculation of the future energy consumption and energy savings.
•
•
•
•
53
Chapter III.: Cross-border best practices in refurbishment initiatives aiming energy efficiency
Chapter III.: Cross-border best practices in refurbishment initiatives
aiming energy efficiency
TITLE
OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
REFURBISHMENT OF LJUDEVIT GAJ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN
OSIJEKA
Investor /beneficiary name: City of Osijek with partners, IPA CBC HUHR funds
Location of investment: Osijek-Baranja County County
• Web: http://www.osijek.hr/ and http://www.chee-ipa.org
• Telephone : 031 229 222
• Fax: 031 229 180
the
best
• City of Osijek has above 30 primary schools under its governance. Most of
practice
them were built 50 to 70 years ago. These kinds of buildings are,
according to conducted energy audits, great consumers of energy.
• Through the cooperation with other partners on the project and applying
for IPA CBC funds, the City of Osijek ensured refurbishment of one of the
elementary schools in Osijek making it more energy efficient through
improving its insulation. The energy class of building that was selected for
refurbishment was G. The walls of the building were insulated with 16 cm
of insulation material, the roof with 20 cm of insulation material and new
doors and windows with excellent coefficient of heat transfer were
installed (Uf=1.0 W/m2K, Uf=1.1 W/m2K). All of this was conducted to
ensure energy savings of the building up to 70%.
54
•
•
The total amount of investment into this activity of the project was
951.082,97 HRK, from which 618.375,00 HRK were funded by EU and the
rest of 332.707,97 HRK were invested from the City budget.
Significant energy savings are accomplished by implementation of this
project.
Results before the refurbishment:
Wall: U = 1,89 W/m2K
Doors: U = 2,8 W/m2K
Windows: U = 4 do 5,5 W/m2K
Floor: U = 2,2 W/m2K
Cieling: U = 3,55 W/m2K
Results after refurbishment:
Walls: U = 0,19 W/m2K
Doors: U = 2,8 W/m2K
Windows: U = 1,1 W/m2K
Floor: U = 2,2 W/m2K
Cieling: U = 0,35 W/m2K
implementation
1. Assess the possibilities how to address energy efficiency principles in the
refurbishment of local existing school buildings, make the political
decision and delegate task to municipality professionals to start preparing
a solution for the problem, define the objectives and expected results of
this measure.
description of a possible tender in order to ensure a wide range of
competitive bits, to be able to find the best value option for money
4. Ensure funding of the project - prepare a project of good quality which
could be applied for EU funding
acceptance
7. Prepare the refurbishments of school and ensure the professional
monitoring of the process during the implementation
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
•
•
•
The building and reconstruction had to be made according to low energy
standards to achieve the energy efficiency of the building. Because of the
lack of funds for the refurbishment, only the main building of the school
was refurbished and only the outer shelling of the building was improved.
Preliminary energy audit was conducted to set the control values of
energy efficiency improvements which set the points of action to the
investor.
According to tender procedures, all the applicants were obliged to specify
insulation materials, energy efficiency coefficient of the windows and the
procedures of their installation (RAL was required).
55
Why is this Main points:
considered to
• Since the building of new schools is much more expensive than
be
a
best
refurbishing old ones, if and where possible, it is better to improve old
practice
school buildings and make them energy efficient. This example shows by
which way this is achievable. It could also be an example for comparison
whether it is more cost effective to build the new energy efficient school
or refurbish an old one.
•
What should be
done
differently
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
required
for
replicability
Skills
/
competences
required
for
success
Schools are huge energy consumers so every improvement that will lower
energy consumption and related costs with less invested funds is a
practice to follow.
If there existed a possibility to include the refurbishment of heating and cooling
system, it would have been important to include it in this project, but because of
the lack of funds it was not possible to do so at the moment of application of the
project.
The heating system was changed (from oil to wooden biomass-pellets) through
the other project (IPA CBC HR-SR).
This was one of the first energy efficient refurbishments conducted in the City of
Osijek and also the first which was funded through EU projects.
The most valuable lesson was to learn the extent of the whole operation, the level
of preparedness and the need for professional expert in every field of
refurbishment – from preparing the project of refurbishment and the bill of
quantities to conducting tender procedure and finally to professional monitoring
of the works. Good preparation of all stages of the project is the key to success.
• Knowledge of implementation process of an energy refurbishment
investment
finance
practice are):
o Manages workflow
o Able negotiator
56
are):
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Understands proposal writing
Able to write in-depth reports
Understands economic modeling
Able to analyze political support and opposition
Skilled with internet
57
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
HOUSE RENOVATION WITH PASSIVE HOUSE COMPONENTS IN
MYHRERENGA, NORWAY
Investor /beneficiary name:
Norwegian State Housing Bank in cooperation with SINTEF, Building and
Infrastructure
Norway Beneficiary/Owner: Myhrerenga housing cooperative
Location of investment: Myhrerenga housing cooperative situated 15 km northeast of Oslo in Skedsmokorset
Tor Helge Dokka, Sintef Byggforsk; and Michael Klinski; Myhrerenga Borettslag
(Housing Cooperative) 2008 (in English).
http://www.husbanken.no/Venstremeny/Miljo%20og%20energi/Lavenergiboliger
/
~/media/58B0C523C34B4845A535FBD9FAB9000E.ashx
Description of
the best
practice
Technology description:
Myhrerenga is a demonstration project within the IEA Task 37 Advanced Housing
Renovation with Solar and Conservation, the connected Norwegian project EKSBO
and a research project on upgrading of post war apartment blocks. After a two
year long
process, where both a conventional façade renovation and a renovation with
Passive House components was considered, the cooperative decided to go for the
ambitious renovation in February 2009. After a detailed design phase and a long
contracting process,
the construction work has started in February 2010.
The renovation concept
The renovation concept is based on the Passive House principles:
• Super insulated building construction (where possible)
• A building envelope with minimized thermal bridges and air leakage
• Triple glazed Passive House windows
• A high efficiency balanced ventilation system with heat recovery
• A simplified heating system
58
In addition the boiler house will be renovated, and the boilers will be replaced by
a combined heat pump and solar system.
Renovated construction
The measures to reduce the transmission loss are:
• Blown in insulation in the existing roof construction (350 – 500 mm)
• Adding a 200 mm continuous insulation layer to the existing wooden
construction and to the gable elements
• Adding a 100 mm insulation layer to the cellar ceiling, to “thermally
decouple” the unheated cellar from the first floor
• All windows and doors are replaced with Passive House windows and
doors U-values before and after renovation
Construction U-value before
renovation W/m2K
(calculated)
U-values after renovation W/m2K
(calculated)
External walls main façade 0.40 0.12
External walls gable ~ 0.45 0.15
Roof 0.35 0.11
Floor construction* 0.58 0.23
Windows and balcony doors 2.8 0.80
Entry doors 2.7 1.20
* U-value included the thermal resistance of the unheated cellar.
The façade surfacing will be stripped, and damaged insulation in the existing postandbeam structure will be replaced. Bolted on the existing studs, a new vapour
permeable façade construction will be added, consisting of oriented strand boards
(OSB) with sealed joints, 20 cm unbroken mineral wool insulation and a new
façade lining. Passive House windows will be placed in the insulation layer, fixed in
the boards and studs and air tightened to the OSB by expanding foam caulking.
The new balcony studs will be placed respectively on the outside of the façade and
between insulation and façade lining. Due to the continuous layer of insulation on
the outside of the existing construction, the thermal bridges will be reduced
significantly. Both the vapour permeable façade and the non-ventilated roof
solution are not common in Norway. Therefore, these constructions were
discussed carefully in workshops. In addition, a test wall was built to quality assure
mounting and sealing of windows in this construction. To avoid future moisture
problems, the humidity in the wooden roof construction will be measured at some
typical places after the renovation.
Investment financial description:
The overall construction cost is 70 millions NOK, plus 4.5 millions for design and
construction supervision. This includes new drainage and larger balconies. In
total,these 74.5 million NOK are equal to 6 840 NOK per square meter, or about
850 Euros/m², including vat. The overall investment cost for the Passive House
renovation is 20.7 millionshigher than for a conventional façade renovation. This is
equivalent to 1 900 NOK or 235 Euros per square meter. Taking into account
allowances of 6.4 millions, granted by the Norwegian energy agency Enova, the
additional cost is reduced to 1 310 NOK or 160 Euros per square meter. The extra
cost of the energy measures is calculated to be covered by the reduction in energy
costs, even without subsidies. In fact, included the grants, the total monthly cost
59
for both the capital costs and the energy costs will be ten percent lower than with
a conventional façade renovation. The overall monthly cost is calculated to 3 190
NOK for a one-bedroom apartment and 3 990 NOK for a two-bedroom apartment.
This is 300 – 400 NOK lower than with a conventional renovation, equivalent to 40
– 50 Euros per apartment. In addition the indoor climate in the apartments will be
substantially improved with regard to both air quality and thermal comfort. The
value of the apartments is expected to increase.
Description of operator:
The project : IEA –SHC Task 37
Factor five renovation project using passive house components
OWNER
Myhrerengahousing cooperative
PLANNING AND DESIGN
Ingvild Røsholt& SINTEF Building and Infrastructure
PROJECT SUMMARY
Renovation comprising:
Building envelope
Ventilation system
New energy central and heating
system
SPECIAL FEATURES
New facade insulation system “Passive House renovation”, assumed to reduce the
overall demand of delivered energy from about 275 – 300 to 80 kWh/m² per year,
and to cut the net space heating demand by 80 – 90 percent to about 25 kWh/m²
per year. The overall investment cost for the Passive House renovation is 20.7
millions higher than for a conventional façade renovation. This is equivalent to 1
900 NOK or 235 Euros per square meter. Taking into account allowances of 6.4
millions, granted by the Norwegian energy agency Enova, the additional cost is
reduced to 1 310 NOK or 160 Euros per square meter. The extra cost of the energy
measures is calculated to be covered by the reduction in energy costs, even
without subsidies. In fact, included the grants, the total monthly cost for both the
capital costs and the energy costs will be ten percent lower than with a
conventional façade renovation. The overall monthly cost is calculated to 3 190
NOK for a one-bedroom apartment and 3 990 NOK for a two-bedroom apartment.
This is 300 – 400 NOK lower than with a conventional renovation, equivalent to 40
– 50 Euros per apartment. In addition the indoor climate in the apartments will be
substantially improved with regard to both air quality and thermal comfort. The
value of the apartments is expected to increase.
Milestones of
implementatio
n
Externalities:
New ventilation system
The existing ventilation system is a centralised exhaust fan system, where each
exhaust fan serves 6 apartments. After renovation a centralised balanced
ventilation system will be used, where the air handling unit (AHU) will be placed
on the roof above each stair case. Each AHU will serve 6 apartments. Existing
shafts and the old rubbish chute will be used as far as possible. The heat recovery
efficiency of the AHU will be 82 – 83 %, and the specific fan power (SFP) will be 1.5
kW/(m³/s), fulfilling the Passive House requirements.
A typical building renovation in Norway, as in most other countries, only deals
with very modest energy measures. This can result in lost opportunities for
decades. Myhrerenga is the first apartment house renovation in Norway which
60
uses Passive House components to
reduce energy consumption and environmental impact dramatically.
Myhrerenga housing cooperative is situated 15 km north-east of Oslo in
Skedsmokorset and consists of 7 similar blocks, erected in 1968-1970, three
storeys high with 24 apartments in each block. There are only two types of
apartments, six one-bedroom flats with 54 m² living space and 18 two-bedroom
flats with 68 m² floor area per block, in total 168 dwelling units. A façade in need
for renovation, together with complaints about draft,cold floors and poor air
quality initiated the renovation process in 2006. Since the buildings were in need
of a major renovation anyway, the Norwegian State Housing Bank in
cooperation with SINTEF suggested an ambitious “Passive House renovation”,
which is assumed to reduce the overall demand of delivered energy from about
275 – 300 to 80 kWh/m² per year, and to cut the net space heating demand by 80
– 90 percent to about 25
kWh/m² per year.
Myhrerenga is a demonstration project within the IEA Task 37 Advanced Housing
Renovation with Solar and Conservation, the connected Norwegian project EKSBO
and a new research project on upgrading of post war apartment blocks. After a
two year long process, where both a conventional façade renovation and a
renovation with Passive House components was considered, the cooperative
decided to go for the ambitious renovation in February 2009. After a detailed
design phase and a long contracting process,
the construction work has started in February 2010.
The housing cooperative has an administration and service agreement
with USBL which is a housing cooperative company in Oslo.
USBL is managing approx 26.500 homes owned by 566 housing co-operatives.
It requires a 2/3 majority at the General Assembly of the respective housing
cooperative to decide upon a renovation project.
USBL was invited to participate in the EKSBO Project, which is a sub project to
the Norwegian participation in IEA SHC Task 37.
The technical director in USBL launched the idea of an advanced renovation
project to the board of Myhrerenga Housing Cooperative. In USBL there was
an internal scepticism regarding the feasibility of convincing a big housing
cooperative to go for a high ambition renovation project.
The main steps in the process were:
• The housing cooperative had been talking about the façades for long time.
• 2007: offer for renovating the façades
• Fall 2007: 3 options were presented for the occupants
• Waited 1 year for specified suggestions and calculations.
• Several work meetings
• Distribution of the final proposal to occupants
• 29th of January 2009: General Assembly
• Conclusion: Mandate to board 63,4 mill NOK (approx. EUR 8 mill) +/-15%
The decision implies an ambition close to the Passive House standard.
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
•Reduce the overall demand of delivered energy, cut the net space heating
demand, increase energy efficiency and reduce costs.
• Significant energy saving potential result in reduced energy costs.
• Significant improvement in quality of indoor climate, comfort and temperature.
61
It also eliminates existing draught and moisture problems. It upgrades the quality
of the buildings above the new building code.
• Increased living space and balconies.
• Increased aesthetics
• Increase attractiveness and value of flats
• Increased interest in media for sustainable solutions, such as “house of future
• As this was the first pilot of advanced renovation of multi storey dwellings in
Norway, extensive financial incentives from authorities was approved.
• Also special financial terms from important building systems and components
suppliers was approved.
key elements for success
• Investment phase
1. Information gathering
The obvious need for renovation of the façades of the buildings initiated an
internal process in the housing cooperative to find good renovation solutions. In
this work they were assisted by the technical department at USBL. The Norwegian
Housing Bank contacted USBL in order to find potential high ambition
demonstration projects. This idea was presented to the board of Myhrerenga
Housing Cooperative.
2. Analysis
Important factors which indirectly influence this market (PEST-Analysis):
Political factors
• Norwegian authorities are encouraging sustainable solutions– also incentives
• Media focuses more on how to increase supply of more energy rather than on
saving Economical factors
• General strong purchase power
• Relatively low energy prices
• From overheated Norwegian economy to international financial crisis, which
could change from “sellers” market to “buyers market”
Social factors
• The residents were a mixture of young and mature persons:
o Starters; 20-30 years
o Divorced, older singles;50-70 years
Technological factors
• Still little knowledge about sustainable solutions
• Sintef Byggforsk is the main actor with competence in this field
• New building code to be implemented only for new houses
• Few existing examples of advanced renovation.
The key actors
1. The board of Myhrerenga
The board was well respected among the inhabitants in the cooperative. During
the last years it was decided and implemented several cost savings measures. To
be mentioned:
• Trading on utility services
• Closed down fridge room in the basement
• Closed down washing room
• Measurement system
62
The chairman and a second person in the board possessed both technical and
organising skills.
2. The residents
The people living in the housing cooperative may be seen as the customers of the
board. The people living in Myhrerenga are either “starters” with no kids or
“mature” single people. The majority has not lived there for a long time. Their
basic need is a warm cosy home for a reasonable price, and the board’s job is to
handle all types of issues in a housing cooperative.As each resident owns their
share in the cooperative they also have an interest in increasing the value of the
buildings, and in this particular case to reduce energy costs. Some also pay
attention to non energy benefits, such as better indoor climate and comfort.
• Operation phase
USBL is the main supplier of services to the Myhrerenga Housing Cooperative. It
is long term relationship, and includes mainly management services and planning
of maintenance. In this project the technical department was involved in the
analysis of the buildings (part of the maintenance planning) and project
management.
Sintef Byggforsk was hired to the project as the specialist regarding good
renovation measures to achieve a high energy efficiency performance. Sintef
Byggforsk had experience from a decision making process in a housing cooperative
in Lillehammer, which concluded not to go for an advanced renovation solution.
This gave important knowledge about possible pitfalls in how to communicate the
message. The Norwegian Housing Bank and Enova (Norwegian Energy Efficiency
Body) contributed with a beneficial financing package. The Norwegian Housing
Bank also played a role as an informer at the start of the decision making process
in the housing cooperative. Arkitektskap AS was chosen as designers of the
buildings and the outdoor area.
What should be The selected technology was workable
done differently The actors involved as well as the comprehensive research and analysis performed
before selectig the technology gave a good result
Lessons learnt
Strengths
• The rent had been increased more than necessary according to existing payment
obligations. As a consequence the cooperative had built some equity for new
investments.
• A high proportion of occupants had lived there for a shorter time, and had
therefore other references for quality of dwellings.
• An active and impatient board, with sufficient knowledge to understand the
benefits of advanced renovation.
• The board had a good standing among the residents, due to earlier implemented
cost savings measures.
Weaknesses
• Buildings in a very poor condition (in respect to the renovation project this
could also be seen as a ”Strength”).
• The two board members who were the key actors had moved out before the
decision of renovation was to be made.
63
Opportunities
• As this was the first pilot of advanced renovation of multi storey dwellings in
Norway, extensive financial incentives from authorities was approved.
• Also special financial terms from important building systems and components
suppliers was approved.
• Significant energy saving potential could result in reduced energy costs.
• Significant improvement in quality of indoor climate, comfort and temperature.
It would also eliminate existing draught and moisture problems. It would upgrade
the quality of the buildings above the new building code.
• Increased living space and balconies.
• Increased aesthetics
• Increase attractiveness and value of flats
• Increased interest in media for sustainable solutions, such as “house of future”
Threats
• Renovation costs could be too high
• Based on experiences from planned similar project in Lillehammer, the decision
making process with the requirement of 2/3 majority could stop the project.
• Relatively low energy prices
3. Goal
For the pilot project at Myhrerenga the goals were:
• To realise a renovation project towards the Passive House standard.
• Through reduced energy costs, grants and sound financing the rent not to be
higher than by a traditional renovation.
4. Strategies
These strategic choices were made for the launching of the idea to go for
advanced renovation project at Myhrerenga:
- The two board members, who initially played a very important role,
remained as board members until the decision was made although they
had moved out from their apartments in the cooperative.
- An integrated decision making process with strong involvement of the
residents.
- Building credibility by using the best technical expertise in Norway.
- Design of a very good financing of the project.
- Communicate the message that the net cost per month should not
be higher than by traditional renovation. It was presented only two options;
advanced renovation and ordinary façade renovation.
5. Results and lessons learned
Results
In January 29th 2010, the General Assembly decided to give a mandate to
the board to realise the project within a frame of 63,4 mill NOK (approx. EUR 8
mill) +/- 15 %. The total construction cost including supervision, enlargement of
balconies and drainage work is now estimated to NOK 74,5 million. In February
2010 the construction started. The calculated net rent compared with a
traditional façade renovation is as follows (source: Sintef Byggforsk):
(NOK) 1-bedrooms 2-bedrooms
Trad. Ren. 3.510 4.390
64
Adv. Ren. 3.190 3.990
The reason why the rent is estimated to be lower for the advanced alternative
than a traditional façade renovation is due to:
• Grant from Enova: NOK 6,4 mill
• Lower rent from Norwegian Housing Bank (4,7%) compared with ordinary bank
(5,7).
• Reduced energy costs (based on energy price 0,1 Euro/kWh)
Both types of renovation will also lead to tax deductions, which are not included in
the figures above. Before renovation the
rent was: 2-bedrooms NOK 3200,-(EUR 400,- /m) 1-bedrooms NOK 2700,-(EUR
340,- /m) The board estimated that the renovation would increase the value of a 2
bedrooms flat from NOK 1,4 mill to NOK 2 mill.
Lessons learned
• As the majority of the residents had not lived in the apartments for a very
long time, they “knew” what to expect from a good apartment. In other words
they were not used to and would not accept to live in such poor buildings.
• Due to the rent policy the cooperative had saved some own funding for the
project, and had established a rent level which made the additional increase less
dramatic (approx. 20%).
• The board as a team
• Smart moves:
o Chairman of the board is not directly involved
o Always presentation for the board and challenging questions
o Always positive atmosphere at the resident meetings
o Make alliances with the critical persons
o Presented only two options to choose between.
In summary the main reason for the positive decision, was that it did not imply
higher rent than they would have had to pay for an urgent needing façade
renovation.
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Competence in good renovation measures to achieve a high energy efficiency
performance.
Ability to give the idea credibility. In depth knowledge about the technical
challenges, while at same time communicate and act in a manner enabling
ordinary people to easily understanding the message.
Skills /
competences
required for
success
Key human competences required in investment phase:
o understands ethics & public good; concerned with public trust
resolution
o Is sensitive to diversity and multiculturalism
• management
65
Understands variety of approaches to decision making
Understands administrative law
Manages workflow
Formulates and analyzes budgets
Versed in human resources management (hiring, retention,
development, career management)
o Understands program management
collaboration
innovation
o
o
o
o
o
o
•
•
Key human competences required in operation phase:
o Self-motivated
o Able negotiator
REQUIRED SKILLS:
•
•
o Able to write memos under deadline
o Fluent in English
66
•
•
Planning skills
o Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic,
demographic)
Computer skills
o Uses computer assisted cartography
67
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF MILITARY BUILDINGS –
INCUBATOR-HOUSE
AND
INNOVATION
CENTRE
OF
NAGYKANIZSA
Basic data of
investment
Investor /beneficiary name:
Location of investment: Buda Ernő utca, 19., Nagykanizsa, 8800, Zala County Hungary
• Web: http://www.inkubatornk.hu
• Telephone : +36 93 510 137
• Fax: +36 93 510 138
Description of
the best
practice
The Municipality of Nagykanizsa Town of County Rank established the Industrial
Park in the year 2000 which has been operating under the management of the
Property Allocation and Service Provider Ltd. since 2009. The competitiveness of
the Industrial Park lies in its unique geographical position since it lies alongside the
European traffic corridors and the M7 motorway on more than 100 hectares.
The Municipality of Nagykanizsa has established an Incubator and Innovation
Centre inside the area of the Industrial Park. The aim of the project was to develop
the Western Transdanubian Region since the data regarding its research and
development in the light of the number of workers and expenditures are under
the European average. The building with an area of 2496 m2 is able to host
minimum 30 enterprises. The Business Incubator offers offices and workshops for
rent on very reasonable prices.
The Incubator and Innovation Centre officially opened on 25th November 2010.
The former military barrack was reconstructed by the financial support of an EU
co-financed regional operative program (NYDOP), and with the own contribution
of the Municipality of Nagykanizsa. In the four-storey building on nearly 2500
square meters, rentals of 13-105 square meters are available. There are 30 to 46
offices / workshops to choose from in the building.
68
The aim of designing was to set up a building „with low energy demand” which is
not that much widespread in Hungary. In line with this the designed building tries
to meet the requirements below:
• -good heat insulation
• -high air solidness
• -mechanical or automatically airing
• -utilization of waste heat
• -meeting the remaining heat demand with renewable energy
The constructions of the planned buildings were set up with insulation, which
overdrives the Hungarian general requirements. The vertical walls are provided
with 15 cm heat insulation (10 cm insulation outside, 38 small size brick wall, 5 cm
insulation and 12 mm gypsum board inside), the floor with 25 cm while the flat
roofs with 30 cm heat insulation. But the designed heat insulation is not sufficient
to reach the goal of low energy level, the electricity and the mechanical
engineering has also great importance.
Gas-supply is supplied at the beginning period by the contracting service-provider,
but on the long term according to the designer-program switch for biogas supply
planned. The heat-centre of the building as well as the HMV water heater are
located in the warm-up kitchen. Refrigerating and heating means first of all air
heating-refrigerating, surface-adjustment plays because of its sizes only a
complementary role. Heating of the rooms is low temperature surface-heating,
located first of all on the ceiling. Heating temperature setup and control of the
rooms are also solved by these surfaces.
Ventilation designed in the building with modern ventilation equipment, which
ensure fresh air fitted to the number of people who staying indoor and according
to the users’ demand. In the reception there are on the electric- and mechanical
engineering network access points, on which R&D activities rand heating
electronic control can be found taken into the building energetic-system.
The gas consumption is only 15.000 m3/ year, costs 5.000 EUR/year. Relation to
the 2.500 m2 basic area, that the annual heating demand is only 6 m3 gas
consumption per m2 per year, it means 180 MJ/m2/year or 50 KWh/m2/year. The
“Passive House standard” requires that the building must be designed to have an
annual heating and cooling demand as calculated of not more than 15 kWh/m² per
year. So this building requires only 3,3 times higher, than the passive house, but it
is 1,4 times less than the 70 kWh/m2/year “Low energy standard”.
The larger rooms can be divided, so that the workplaces could be fitted to all
needs. The building itself is equipped with modern energy supply system, offers a
meeting room, and a conference room for up to 60 people (including translation
equipment) for local and international event organizers. For enterprises, the
Incubator and Innovation Centre offers offices for 3,0 EUR/m2 per month, with
low overhead costs, free parking, free Internet.
Milestones of
implementation
1. public tendering to the regional innovation found “Baross Gábor”
2. feasibility study and architecture design and financial plans
69
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
public tendering to the regional found common with the municipality
acceptance for financing,
starting of the works the physical implementation
selecting the subcontractors, starting the operation
Marketing plan developing
cooperation with the regional incubators and innovation centres
cooperation with enterprise economic development organizations
•
The building and reconstruction was made according to low energy
standards and legislation in field of construction
Low rental and overhead cost building
Disabled accessible building
Advanced services for the entrepreneur promotion activities
Good connections to renewable energy research and innovation
Good transport possibilities, accessibility and parking places
•
•
•
•
•
The building was reconstructed as a low energy standard, but in addition the
settled companies have chance to take advisory on business management, taxes,
project development and tendering. Through partner network, financial and other
services are also available.
The basic and advanced services:
• renting of offices, workshops and conference rooms
• appliance renting
• office services
• business/tender/legal advisory
• advisory of innovation / research and development
• event organization
• translation and interpretation
The three targeted strategic areas are: support of new businesses, innovation and
economic development. Main focus is on activities related to renewable energy
sources, information technologies and logistics.
What should be To involve into the house different researches in field of renewable energies:
done differently
• Industrial research, experimental development, creation of product
innovation, half-works production
• Education, organising of professional forums, conferences and innovation
of tourism
• Innovations in field of machine industry-technology
• Innovations in field of geothermal energy and water management
• Innovations in field of primer biomass production and automatic
processing industry
• Research of third generation power supply system, and power supply in
insel mode (with power of 3-5-10-15-30 kw)
To involve and implement the solar, geothermic and passive house technologies in
the building reconstruction.
Lessons learnt
It was helped by the Industrial Park but was the first incubator house and
innovation centre implementation in Nagykanizsa as well and the project can be
considered as a lesson. The project would not been implemented without the
70
regional innovation and the regional infrastructural improvement founds. The low
energy building is a good possibility to shape and form the attitude of the
entrepreneurs in connection the energy efficiency and saving furthermore the
utilization of the renewable energy sources.
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Knowledge of municipality decision making process
Knowledge of heat insulation systems
Knowledge of renewable energy technology possibilities
Knowledge of best available technologies on the market for the tenders
Knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures
Knowledge of innovation and regional tendering possibilities
Knowledge of financing options
Knowledge of tendering procedures and public procurement
Skills
/ POSSIBLE REQUIRED COMPETENCES
competences
required
for
success
• management
o Manages workflow
• collaboration
• innovation
71
•
•
Planning skills
Computer skills
72
Chapter IV: Cross-border best practices in sustainable building initiatives aiming energy efficiency
Chapter IV: Cross-border best practices in sustainable building
initiatives aiming energy efficiency
TITLE
OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
BUILDING OF 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN
VIROVITICA-PODRAVINA COUNTY
Investor /beneficiary name: Virovitica-podravina County
Location of investment: Virovitica-Podravina County
• Web: http://www.vpz.com.hr/
• Telephone : 033 638-120
• Fax: 033 638-125
• E-mail:[email protected]
the
best
• Virovitica-podravina County has ensured building and reconstruction of 6
practice
“low energy ”elementary schools. The main characteristic of such buildings
is low energy consumption (less than 40 kWh/m2 per one year). It is
accomplished by using energy efficient components (insulated walls,
windows and doors with excellent coefficient of heat transfer) in
combination with heat recovery ventilation.
• The total amount of investment was 6,7 million kn, from which 1,2 million
kn was considered to be the investment in energy efficiency
o Environmental protection and energy efficiency Fund has financed
the project with 536.653,00 kn (around 45 %)
• Significant energy savings are accomplished by implementation of this
project. By comparison with construction according current regulations,
144.800 kWh of energy for heating and 29 tonnes of CO2 is saved.
implementation
1. Assess the possibilities how to address energy efficiency principles in the
operation of local schools, make the political decision and delegate task to
municipality professionals to start preparing a solution for the problem,
define the objectives and expected results of this measure.
73
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
Why is this
considered to
be
a
best
practice
Professional
knowledge
required
for
replicability
Skills
/
competences
required
for
success
description and the financing plan of a possible tender in order to ensure a
wide range of competitive bids, to be able to find the best value option for
money
acceptance
6. prepare the refurbishments of schools and ensure the professional
monitoring of the process during the implementation
• The building and reconstruction was made according to low energy
standards and legislation in field of construction
• According to tender procedures, the applicant had to estimate the
potential of energy and CO2 savings in comparison to energy consumption
of old schools in each municipality that the school was built in
• County has to monitor energy consumption and to send the reports to the
Fund and besides that, it is mandated by regulations in Law on energy
efficiency. By permanent monitoring of energy consumption it is possible
to determine the payback period of the investment.
Main points:
• Since the education is the ground of prosperity and development, building
of new energy efficient schools is great example of good practice
• County has to ensure significant amount of financial assets to cover
energy expenses for public buildings, therefore the investment in energy
efficiency is the key of successful management
• Knowledge of implementation process of an energy refurbishment
investment
finance
practice are):
o Manages workflow
o Able negotiator
74
are):
o Skilled with internet
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
NEW BUILDING OF AGRICULTURAL FACULTY IN OSIJEK
Investor /beneficiary name: Agricultural Faculty in Osijek
Location of investment: Osijek
E-contacts (website, email etc.):www.pfos.hr
Description of
Main points:
the best
The faculty building was built as a passive house in A energy class. The
practice
technology used and building material ensures that consumption of
energy is almost same as in the old building that was three times bigger.
The main savings comes from using heat pumps for heating and cooling as
well as sensors that control lightning in the building. The most efficient
and modern building material was used. This dramatically reduces the
cost of consumption as well as CO2 emissions
Milestones of
the milestones were the choice of competent engineering design team and
implementation willingness to use the most modern and the best quality building material
What was the
The reason for choice of these technology elements was to minimize the energy
reason behind
cost of the operation of the building
the technology
option selection
Why is this
This project is best practice because it can be used as prime example of passive
considered to
building and energy savings in the public sector
be a best
practice
Lessons learnt
In order to build energy efficient public building, it is necessary to choose design
team that has experience in designing passive zero-energy buildings
Professional
Competent engineering team for passive house design
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
Key human competences required
competences
• management
required for
success
o Technical knowledge in designing passive buildings
75
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
Description of
the best
practice
Milestones of
implementation
What was the
reason behind
the technology
option selection
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
Lessons learnt
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
Skills /
competences
required for
success
SPORT ARENA/HALL “GRADSKI VRT” OSIJEK
Investor /beneficiary name: Republic of Croatia, Sportski objekti Osijek
Location of investment: Osijek
E-contacts (website, email etc.): http://www.sportski-objekti.hr/
Sport hall was design as energy efficient building from the start. Energy efficiency
was ensured by proper design of building physics and optimization. The best
construction material was used in the building as well as heating and cooling
system is fully automatic. There is also energy monitoring system in the building
The key milestone was proper engineering design solution
To minimize energy operating costs
One of example of energy efficient building in public sector
One of example of energy efficient building in public sector
Proper technical knowledge in designing energy efficient buildings
Key human competences required:
o Proper technical knowledge for design of energy efficient
buildings
76
TITLE OF
PROJECT / BEST
PRACTICE
Basic data of
investment
RATI – OFFICE AND PRODUCTION PLANT WITH PLUS ENERGY
POTENTIAL
Investor /beneficiary name: Mr Attila Rajnai – RATI Ltd
Location of investment: Komló, Nagyrét Str, 7300
E-contacts (website, email etc.): www.rati.hu
00/36/72/582-420
more pictures available: http://epiteszforum.hu/rati-a-gyarak-energiadesign-rollsroyce-a2
Description of
the best
practice
The first building in Hungary designed with the ENERGIA DESIGN® planning
method is an industry and office building in Komló that was erected in September
2012. A research team, led by István Kistelegdi was responsible for the
development of the special design methodology at the University of Pécs, Pollack
Mihály Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of
Energydesign.
The systhematic structured planning process was documented as an algorhytmic
roadmap that conduct the planner through 21 steps to the end-station, resulting
in a building with energy-plus balance. Such bildings are also called „active
houses”. By application of this method, supported by dynamic energy, climate and
aerodynamic building simulations, energy-plus building design become possible.
The 2500 m2 net floor space building comprises a 10 m high storage hall and a
production hall with offices and required sanitary rooms, which are organized
through a central atrium to an overall complex. The facility also serves as an
innovation center, complemented with a department of development and a multi
functional cafe, conference and event room.
The prefabricated reinforced concrete skeleton structure was constructed within
12 months with prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs and floating floor screeds,
furthermore with brick wall structures. The opaq building envelope areas are
isulated with 20 cm thick external PUR thermal insulation; the windows and
curtain walls have standard 2-pane insulation glazings and other parts of the
envelope consist of polycarbonate walls and opening structures. The complex
consists of a unconditioned storage hall and a conditioned main building part -
77
this distribution is easy to observe from the east and west side of the building. The
glass and polycarbonate skyligt towers equipped with three white pretensioned
membrane disc structures are also responsible for the ventilation of the
production hall.
The operation of the building is basically determined by the climate, technical and
energy concept. The spacial arragement was carried out by using the so-called
climate zoning technique that organize spaces not only from the point of view of
spatial functionality but also under the aspects of climate factors: rooms with
similar climate requirements will be placed in climate zones, and as an end result
an unconditioned storage block and a conditioned main building part were
developed. On the south side of the building, the storage block protects the main
building part from summer overheating, and also provides with its building
envelope installation surface area for PV modules. Fundamental criterion was to
ensure a low A/V ratio, as well as natural lighting and ventilation, which priniples
were consequently achieved throught the complete building’s room organisation
procedure and structure.
Three natural ventilation and skylight towers supply the production hall, above
which the central 2-torey atrium is arranged as a gallery with corridors. Here are
also skylight illumination and passive ventilation provided. The upper, so-called
„Venturi”-disc structures of the towers are aerodynamically optimized due to
wind current accelerating Venturi-, respectively Bernoulli effects. In this way
exhaust air is extracted with high efficiency form the production hall by
simultaneously ensuring fresh air supply through the facade oprenings.
The system is complemented with a night ventilation cooling in hot summer
periods, when termal masses of the building can be thermally downloaded in an
efficient way. The natural light technique is supported by 7 light pipes, which
deflect solar radiation as vertical light „periscopes” into central, darker zones of
the production hall.
The building services system concept works with low temperature surface
radiative, high energy efficiency floor and ceiling heating-cooling systems. On the
one hand heating and active respectively passive cooling energy is provided by
heat pumps, ont the other hand air handling units (AHU-s) of the mechanical
ventilation are able to heat recuperation due to its crossplate-heat exchangers.
The energy supply is achieved by a 100 kW geothermal earth probe system, by a
more than 1 km long earth-air heat exchanger (according to our informations it is
the longest hungarian near surface earth-air collector), as well as by thermal solar
collectors and photovoltaic PV Modules.
The climate concept’s dominating elements are seasonal ventilation operation
modes in the production hall and the towers. In heating period the AHU-s are
active, up to 60% heat recovery is provided, whereupon the towers serve as huges
air ducts in the mechanical ventilation system. In cooling season the mechanical
ventilation system delivers air supply and the towers ensure exhaust ventilation,
whereas in transition periods solely passive ventilation is provided with the
exhaust towers and supply facade openings.
The buildings specialty is to guarantee high indoor comfort environment by
minimized energy consumption: while the theoretical model delivered energyplus balance, for financial reasons the implemented building could be only
equipped with 51 PV panels, resulting a low energy building with energy-plus
potential. Because of the PV limitation, instead of 420 PV modules, only 51 were
installed, hence the building delivers the desired energy balance only in case of
completion the originally designed PV system. Based on the measurements of the
existing PV system specific calculations predict with the complete, planned PV
78
system sufficient values of an energy-plus balance, thus we can say that the
building possesses an energy-plus potential, based on measured data.
Still in plan form, the project became a Holcim Awards for Sustainable
Construction in 2011, shortly before beginning with the construction on site.
The development of the prototypical building was carried out by applying the
special design technique: climate zoning based space arragement, climate
strategies, different calculations, complex energy and climate building simulation
modeling, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations and aerodynamic wind
tunnel experiments.
The building was nominated by the „World Green Building Council, 2013
Leadership in Building Design and Performance” and won the Artifex Publisher’s
regional „Quality in Building Halls - Hall Grand Prix”, awarded by the professional
jury, as well as a second Prize was also awarded from the audience.
With integration of the building’s appearance characteristically determining,
unique passive ventilation towers with cooling effects, and the „Venturi” disch
structures, which work as boundary layer accelerator deflector elements,
furthermore the low temperature surface radiative heating-cooling passive hybrid
wood-lightweight concrete prototype balustrade structures, the building is not
only novelty in the design process, in the overall system and in the sesonal
operation modes, but also in its structural solutions.
The building can also be observed as a working, implemented prototype of
sustainable architecture that represents a new kind of architectural quality:
similar to the car, machine, technical industries and IT sectors, where the fact is
basically accepted that forms and appearance of particular products are
intensively related to their performance; the particular geometries, forms and
structures of the RATI building are also related to their high efficiency performance, so in this way the appearence of the building is the logical consequence of the
maximal energy efficient structures, subsystems and overall system constellation
used and developed in the project.
The building serves also as an experimental demo building, where a high
resolution MMS (mobile monitoring system) technology is installted. Advanced
energy, climate, aerodynamic measurements will be carried out in order to get
detailed feedback about the buildings working processes, operation efficiencies
and to fine tune and develope the demo building as well as to elaborate operation
strategies for energy-plus buildings.
Milestones of
• 2010 summer: start planning process and conception planning
implementation • 2010 autumn: planning phase with dynamic energetic and climate simulations
• 2010 winter: permission of construction plans
• 2011 spring – summer: finalization of implementation plans
• 2011 autumn: start the implementation
• 2012 autumn: after 1 year of implementation phase, operation started
• 2012 autumn: the research program of monitoring and simulations started
What was the
Different technology options were evaluated and compared based on previous
reason behind
practical experience:
the technology Design method: Applying the Energydesign planning philosophy, we developed a
option selection completely new, special design method for buildings of the future. With help of
DECA (dynamic energy, climate and aerodynamic) building simulations supported
planning technique, it is possible to develop and implement energy efficient net
zero and energy-plus buildings, as well as related high-efficient intelligent building
technologies.
79
Why is this
considered to
be a best
practice
What should be
done
differently
This design method significantly differs from traditional architectural design. In
addition to space design, its basic tasks include the design of energy flows and
indoor space climate. Instead of using standard functional, geometry and building
structure related, building services and building electricity solutions and
combining standard components, this method aims to attain extended
sustainability objectives by taking advantage of the laws of physics.
Primarily advantage of the laws of thermodynamics, heat transmission, fluid
mechanics and light technology, as well as local climatic and geographical
conditions, vernacular and bionic operational principles, new building services
system and building envelope technologies are taken in order to achieve energyand climate-related objectives in buildings and structures. The combination of the
principles of architecture and physics leads to new, innovative building concepts,
which can be validated and optimised by so-called smart tools, dynamic
simulations and tests. The concepts ensure the enhanced energy performance of
buildings, which actually means a multifunctional operation: the smart buildings
and structures created are capable of simultaneously playing spatial, functional,
climatic, energy and aesthetic roles. This is the area of transition between
architectural design and scientific based design, in other words research, as the
concepts are to be supported by numerical data of building physics.
The modelling path developed is recorded from the stage of task setting to the
end result as if in a log-book. The decisions made by the Energydesigner expert
are recorded step by step as developmental stages or ‘stations’ following each
other. The description of the logged design steps is meant to be an instructional
process-guide: it is called the Energydesign Roadmap.
According to the research results, such buildings produce more energy than their
amount of consumption: the energy balance of these buildings is positive.
The innovative performance of this building can be considered positively from
several aspects:
- by building this type of buildings, the average energy consumption of the
country can be decreased by 50%
- these type of buildings can reduce the CO2 emission by 50%
- the innovative production plant of RATI and the management of the
company enables the University of Pécs to make researches and studies,
this way reducing the costs of research at the university.
- this RATI production plant is the biggest zero energy building in Europe,
and it has a very unique monitoring system, that enables further research
2-3 months of delay appeared, because of unseen reasons of fire service
instructions.
The technology was simulated previously, this way during the implementation,
the technology worked properly.
Lessons learnt
Because of financial reasons, during the implementation phase some of the
planned structure had to be changed. Only 95% of the planned engineering could
be built in, because of the financial reasons.
Professional
knowledge
required for
replicability
The plant is operating as a physical laboratory, real data generating and
processing is done. By the analysis of these data, real simulations can be made,
and any size of this type of building can be duplicated partly or totally.
80
Skills /
competences
required for
success
practice are): Energy Design planning competence
are): Building management system and mobile management system
•
•
•
•
•
organization and leadership
resolution
management
collaboration
innovation
o Self-motivated
o Able negotiator
•
•
o Able to write memos under deadline
o Fluent in English
Planning skills
81
Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic,
demographic)
Computer skills
o
•
82
Chapter V: Lessons learnt - a way to success,
The main lesson learnt is that energy efficiency and renewable energy projects consist of complex
system of technological, social and financial dimensions. So to be successful you need a team having
competence in both fields, but the successful coordinator of such a project has to have professional
knowledge in all these fields. Within the analysis of the best practices we maped the professional
knowledge needed for success and concluded that this professional knowledge can be classified into
four main topics as follows:
•
•
•
•
in 5 cases the importance of the state-of-art were highlighted,
in 25 cases the importance of knowing the technology options were mentioned,
in 6 cases attention was drawn to the importance of financing,
in 10 cases legal, management and administrative procedures were mentioned as an
important factor.
The required professional knowledge mentioned in the best practices can be classified as follows:
State-of-art analysis:
1. Deep knowledge of the material in-flow and outflow of certain agricultural production and
their possible interconnections
2. Structure of wood waste generated
3. Using the processed the real data generated by the building, as far as plant is operating as a
physical laboratory
4. Knowledge on logistics
5. Availability of the RES potentials (wind and sun) at the proposed locations
Technology:
1. Knowledge on the available technology option regarding both recycling or energy recovery of
the different output material of the agricultural production and their operation requirements
2. Knowledge on requirements of grid development practices
3. Knowledge of best available technologies on the market to be able to make a proper
technology description for the tender
4. Regulations on the generation, transformation, recovery and disposal of wood waste
5. Separate collection systems for wood waste
6. Level of recovery and the main technologies and exploitation directions
7. Identification of key companies involved in processing of wood waste
8. Potential new forms of wood waste use and the possible increase of recycling level
9. Competence in good renovation measures to achieve a high energy efficiency performance.
10. In depth knowledge about the technical challenges, while at same time communicate and act
in a manner enabling ordinary people to easily understanding the message.
11. Professional knowledge of biomass incineration
12. Knowledge on the production process
13. Knowledge of selection of suitable RES technologies
14. Knowledge of selection of suitable location for exploitation of RES
15. Knowledgeable about RES exploitation and availability of the RES technology.
83
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Availability/knowledge of the data of the selected buildings.
Availability/knowledge of the data on energy consumption of selected buildings.
Signal processing.
Measurement system design
Optimization of production and consumption of energy
Competent engineering team for passive house design
Technical knowledge in designing passive buildings
Proper technical knowledge in designing energy efficient buildings
Knowledge of how to operate biogas plant system
Knowledge of renewable energy market
Financing:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Knowledge of implementation process of an energy refurbishment investment
Knowledge of available financing options to prepare a plan for project finance
Attention is given to financing and logistical issues
Knowledge on finance
Knowledge of how to finance a project scheme
Legal, management and administrative procecures:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Knowledge of municipality decision making process
knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures
Knowledge of tendering procedures
Knowledge of public tendering
Knowledge of implementation processes and procedures on national level
Ability to give the idea credibility.
Engineering and computer skilles at the municipality
Knowledge to work with cooperation with experts and subcontractors
Knowledge of municipality strategy
Knowledge of political decision makers
Based on this we have realized that in order to be successful with these projects you have to be able
to answer the following questions:
•
•
•
•
What is the present situation in the project area, which are the available resources?
What are the possible technology options, and which complies with the best value for money
criteria?
How can I finance my idea, and which are the available financing options?
How can I embed my idea in the given legal and organization structure?
84
To answer these questions, the PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:
•
•
•
•
Analyze the state-of-art situation
Develop the technology option based on the best available technology
Evaluate the costs and benefits of different technologies and select the best value for
money option
Develop and manage the necessary legal, organizational and administrative procedures to
carry out the project
Since the last topic is actually projectmanagement – covered by our fourth e-learning module - it is
further analysed in the next chapter of our guide.
This results that the planned first three e-learning modules should have the following structure:
Biomass to energy e-learning module
Oritinal text of proposal: Development of the e-learning material on the biomass to energy
topic based on the identified competency gap of the training groups. The training material
will involve: energy crop production issues (what to produce, where to produce), land use
questions of biomass production, bio-waste to energy option as a substitution possibility,
HR organization of biomass production, biomass to energy technology, options analysis of
advantages, disadvantages regarding local agricultural and human circumstances.
Structuring the e-learing material based on the findings of the best practice guide:
THE PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:
THE BIOMASS TO ENERGY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:
• Analyze the state-of-art situation ANALYZE the energy crop production issues (what to
produce, where to produce), land use questions of
biomass production, bio-waste to energy option as a
substitution possibility, with special regard to HR
organization of biomass production.
DEVELOP the biomass to energy technology options
• Develop the technology option
based on the best available
technology
EVALUATE the options analysis of advantages,
• Evaluate the costs and benefits
disadvantages regarding local agricultural and human
of different technologies and
circumstances.
select the best value for money
option
85
Renewable energy technology e-learning module
Oritinal text of proposal: The e-learning module will focus on the technological skills
needed to analyze the different renewable energy technology options. This includes the
presentation of the possible alternatives of renewable energy production (solar, wind,
geothermal, water, heat pump etc.), and the distribution issues (e.g.: smart grid solutions).
The focus will be given to competences to be able to evaluate the different technological
solutions based on their advantages or disadvantages with regards to the needs and
possibility of the local community.
THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:
• Analyze the state-of-art situation ANALYZE the needs and possibility of the local
community.
DEVELOP different renewable energy technology
options. This includes the presentation of the possible
alternatives of renewable energy production (solar,
technology
wind, geothermal, water, heat pump etc.), and the
distribution issues (e.g.: smart grid solutions).
EVALUATE the different technological solutions based
on their advantages or disadvantages with regards to
the needs and possibility of the local community.
option
Energy efficiency e-learning module
Oritinal text of proposal: The e-learning module will focus on the technological skills
needed to analyze the different energy efficiency technology options. This includes the
presentation of the possible alternatives of refurbishment of existing building (insulation,
refurbishment of heating/cooling system, smart energy solutions etc.), and the sustainable
construction possibilities of new housing (passive house technology, locally produced
energy options etc.). The focus will be given to competences to be able to evaluate the
different technological solutions based on their advantages or disadvantages with regards
to the needs and possibility of the local community.
THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:
• Analyze the state-of-art situation ANALYZE the needs and possibility of the local
community.
DEVELOP different energy efficiency technology
options. This includes the presentation of the possible
alternatives of refurbishment of existing building
technology
(insulation, refurbishment of heating/cooling system,
smart energy solutions etc.), and the sustainable
construction possibilities of new housing (passive house
technology, locally produced energy options etc.).
EVALUATE the different technological solutions based
on their advantages or disadvantages with regards to
the needs and possibility of the local community.
option
86
Chapter VI. Competencies needed to implement successful energy projects.
Chapter VI. Competencies needed to implement successful energy
projects.
In our original proposal, the project management e-learning module was defined as follows:
Project management e-learning module
Oritinal text of proposal: Beside the selecting the best option for money, in a successful
renewable energy initiative implementation and operations issues should also be on the top of the
agenda. This includes that the project is managed properly (action planning, SMART objectives etc.),
the financing for both investment and operation phase insured (fund raising possibilities, costbenefit and business analysis), the public acceptance is ensured (public relations, dissemination
issues), and there is a proper quality control mechanism (indicators, monitoring, risk assessment and
intervention plan). The e-learning material is prepared to develop these skills based on the stateof-art competences of the target groups.
To be able to prepare this e-learning module, prior to the evaluation of the best practices we have
divided the possible competences needed for energy projects into nine main categories, and project
partners were asked to evaluate, which competence is needed most, for succesfully carrying out the
best practice analyzed. The nine main categories were:
1. Organization and leadership
2. Management
3. Collaboration
4. Innovation
5. Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics
6. Communication skills
7. Analysis / research skills
8. Planning skills
9. Computer skills
Each nine main categories had several subcategories and the result of the evaluation is as followed:
Organization and leadership
Main
category
How many best pracitce mentioned this competence as required for success
Subcategory of competences
No of
mentioning
understands ethics & public good; concerned with public trust
Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute resolution
Understands how to use decision making to support mission
Understands organizational culture
Is sensitive to diversity and multiculturalism
2
9
4
10
6
12
4
1
Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external
environments
5
87
Interpersonal abilities,
personal characteristics
Innovation
Collabora
tion
Management
Main
category
No of
mentioning
Able to analyze and design structures and processes
Understands variety of approaches to decision making
Understands administrative law
Manages workflow
Formulates and analyzes budgets
9
4
4
10
7
8
Versed in human resources management (hiring, retention, development,
career management)
Understands program management
Understands project management
Demonstrates skill in team building and management
Understands task analysis and job design
Adept in coalition building
Understands community building
Establishes collaborative relationships and projects
Able to manage change
Understands creative processes
Capable of systems thinking
Adept at framing issues
Comfortable with risk taking
Able to work well in teams
Self-motivated
Understands conflict management
Able negotiator
Attentive to detail
Able to work under tight deadlines
Able to network effectively
Effective in public presentations
Able to facilitate groups
Knowledgeable about technical report writing
Understands grant writing
Able to write memos under deadline
Fluent in English
1
9
2
10
6
2
5
4
7
7
7
9
3
6
8
6
4
8
10
10
4
6
5
3
14
3
5
5
11
2
6
3
88
Computer skills
Planning skills
Main
category
Understands cost-benefit analysis
Able to do population projection/forecasting
Understands demographic analysis
Knowledgeable about statistical analysis
Understands decision analysis
Demonstrates knowledge of program evaluation
Understands qualitative analysis
Able to conduct action research
Understands stakeholder analysis
Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic, demographic)
Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning
Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas
Understands systems analysis and design
Understands transportation and infrastructure planning
Able to use statistical packages
Understands database operations
Uses graphics packages
Skilled with internet/WWW
Uses computer assisted cartography
Uses Geographic Information Systems
Knowledgeable about Management Information Systems
No of
mentioning
7
3
2
3
4
12
2
4
4
9
4
9
4
10
4
7
5
3
12
5
11
9
3
4
5
12
1
2
3
The second step was that for each main category we have selected the three competences having
the highest scores as follows:
1.
•
•
•
Organization and leadership
2. Management
• Understands project management
89
•
•
•
Manages workflow
3. Collaboration
• Establishes collaborative relationships and projects
• Adept in coalition building
4.
•
•
•
Innovation
Capable of systems thinking
Able to manage change
Understands creative processes
5.
•
•
•
•
Able negotiator
Able to work well in teams
6.
•
•
•
7.
•
•
•
8.
•
•
•
Planning skills
9.
•
•
•
Computer skills
Skilled with internet/WWW
Since there is a huge variety of competences needed for project management the fourth e-learning
module should be focused on the missing competences of the Cross-Border region. In order to select,
which are these competences, we will prepare a competency questionniere tool and test it on the
target gropus of our projects. To clarify, which is the exact meaning of the comptences analyzed, we
prepared a competency dictionary template for each competence as follows.
90
1. ORGANIZATION AND LEADERSHIP COMPETENCES
Definition of the competency: The successful command and control of his/her team from the position of the Leader, inspiring subordinates to perform and
engage in achieving a goal.
Why it is important:
The organization and leadership competences are important because they involve establishing a clear vision, sharing that vision with others so that they will
follow willingly, providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision, and coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all
members and stakeholders. A leader steps up in times of crisis, and is able to think and act creatively in difficult situations. Unlike management, leadership
cannot be taught, although it may be learned and enhanced through coaching or mentoring. The act of inspiring subordinates to perform and engage in
achieving a goal.
THE ENERGY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:
• Demonstrate systems thinking ability
• Understand how to acquire needed resources
• Understand governance and administrative systems
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
Level 3 (Excellent)
Your organizational and leadership You are performing in the middle when it comes Congratulations! Your organizational and leadership skills are
abilities and skills are not satisfactory. to organization and leadership. You can be perfect, this way you are perfectly able to be a good leader.
This results many problems, because of constructive, but it takes more efforts. You You are constructive,
understand
governance and
poor governance, bad decisions, should develop your skills to reach good administrative systems, decision maker, understand
conflicts in the team, lack of resources, organizational and leadership skills enhanced organizational culture, have ability to manage conflicts and
bad performance of the team internally through coaching or mentoring on governance resolve disputes, you demonstrate systems thinking,
(bad internal relationships on different and administrative systems, acquiring resources, synthesize information on internal and external
levels) and externally (bad results). You decision making, organizational culture ability in environments
need to develop, otherwise you fail conflict management and dispute resolution
your leadership efforts.
systems thinking, synthesizing information on
internal and external environments
Warning signs
Positive indicators
• You have made some bad decisions that led to conflicts in the team, lack of resources,
• You are open to proposals and criticism You are able to
bad performance of the team internally (bad internal relationships on different levels)
think and act creatively in difficult situations
and externally (bad results)
• You manage conflicts and resolve disputes
• You are not able to think and act creatively in difficult situations
• You synthesize information on internal and external
• You are not open to proposals and criticism
environments and make decisions
• You can delegate tasks and work well in teams
91
92
2. MANAGEMENT COMPETENCES
Definition of the competency: The successful application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to to meet the project
requirements and achieve the project goals.
Project management provides a framework and control for the entire cycle of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and closing the project. It covers all
planning and controlling activities, which ensure that goals and objectives are achieved on time, to the desired quality and within the planned budget. It
requires a disciplined approach to ensure that the project is established effectively, appropriate project team is selected, tasks are planned and scheduled,
the project plan is implemented and problems are resolved, results are reviewed. Every project is different, but the management activities follow the same
logic, therefore it can be learnt. If management is fulfilled adequately, it ensures that the project idea is guided into reality.
•
•
•
•
•
Understand project management
Manage workflow
Demonstrate financial analysis and management
Use information and technology tools in management
Level 1 (Average)
• Average manager understands the the project
•
structure and objectives. He is in aware of his
duties, financial requirements, and timeplan.
Therefore he is able to manage the project
implementation according to the
requirements. However, his activities are not
proactive, he doesn’t take special efforts to
implement the project at highest qulity, which
results in an average implementation without
exceeding the planned results or level of
cooperation.
Warning signs
Level 2 (Good)
Good manager goes beyond simply
implementing the project according to
the plans. He discovers the obstacles of
the sound implementation and analyses
the possibilities – financial,
administrative and professional – to
ensure the best achievement of the
project goals. He is also able to make
recommendations if project deviations
are discovered/expected by the lead.
Level 3 (Excellent)
• Excellent manager has remarkable experiences in
project management, which makes him able to
discover the potential obstacles or deviations from
the plans in advance. He is also able to fully
understand the roles and interests of other
partners and this way he can harmonize his
activities with them, which makes potential savings
possible. During the implementation – above
fulfilling all output and result indicators – he is able
to realise if there are any possibilities for the
widening or continuing the project.
Positive indicators
•
•
•
•
You are in delay with the implementation of the project without any external reasons
You exceed your budget
You have problems with understanding the steps of the activities
You fail to accomplish some planned activities and deliver outputs
93
•
•
•
You deliver the planned activities in time and
within the planned budget
You can manage vis majors to keep the timeplan
and activity plan
You have recommendations for more efficient
implementation by exploiting synergies or finding
faster/less expensive/more professional
possibilities which ensure or exceed the required
quality
3. COLLABORATION COMPETENCES
Definition of the competency: Collaboration is working with others on the task in order to achieve shared goals. Collaboration is repetitive process where
two or more people or organizations work together to achieve shared result
Why it is important: Collaboration is important because in today’s economy and world one organization or individual very seldom can achieve its goals by
itself especially if sustainable development and circular economy is involved. In order to achieve goals of sustainable development, it is necessary
collaboration of industry, academia, government, nongovernmental organizations and public to achieve this goal
• Establishe collaborative relationships and projects
• Adept in coalition building
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
• You are an average
• You are a good collaborator, who
collaborator, who understands
understands need for coalition building and is
needs for building coalitions in
able to adapt to the needs of various
order to solve the problem or
stakeholders. You are able to work with
work on common tasks but
various stakeholders on achieving common
fails to adapt and build
goal but often fails to build coalition if you try
coalitions with various groups
to initiate coalition building.
and stakeholders while
working on common goal.
Warning signs
Person might understand need for working together but might not have
understanding for needs of other stakeholders. Good collaborator might understand
needs of various stakeholders but fails to understand how to join often conflicting
goals of various stakeholders and groups. Good or average collaborator might not
have technical knowledge to fully understand the issue.
Level 3 (Excellent)
• You are and excellent collaborator, who is able to
recognize the issue that has needed to build coalition in
order to achieve common goal. You also able to
recognize the stakeholders needed to be involved in
order to achieve common goal. You are also successful
negotiator and leader in bringing various groups and
stakeholders on board to work on common goal.
Positive indicators
Person understands the position of various stakeholders and
is able to build coalitions among common goals. He
understands technical data about the issue and is able to
communicate common themes to various stakeholder
groups as well as to outside groups
94
4. INNOVATION COMPETENCES
Definition of the competency: Innovation is a new idea, device, or method; the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or methods. To be called
an innovation, an idea must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need. Innovation involves deliberate application of information,
imagination and initiative in deriving greater or different values from resources, and includes all processes by which new ideas are generated and converted
into useful products. In business, innovation often results when ideas are applied by the company in order to further satisfy the needs and expectations of
the customers. In a social context, innovation helps create new methods for alliance creation, joint venturing, flexible work hours, and creation of buyers'
purchasing power. Innovations are divided into two broad categories:
• Evolutionary innovations (continuous or dynamic evolutionary innovation) that are brought about by many incremental advances in technology or
processes and revolutionary innovations (also called discontinuous innovations) which are often disruptive and new.
• Innovation is synonymous with risk-taking and organizations that create revolutionary products or technologies take on the greatest risk because
they create new markets.
Why it is important: In a broader sense, innovation is important to the advancement of society around the world. New and innovative products can
increase the standard of living and provide people with opportunities to improve their lives. Innovation is important as it is one of the primary ways to
differentiate your product from the competition. Organisations need more than good products to survive; they require innovative processes and
management that can drive down costs and improve productivity. If they can't compete on price, they'll need innovative products and ideas to make their
business stand out from the crowd. Innovation has also lead to significant improvements in the way businesses operate and has closed the gaps between
different markets.
• Be capable of systems thinking
• Able to manage change
• Understand creative processes
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
Level 3 (Excellent)
• Your innovation skills are
• Your innovative skills are good. You've
• Your innovation skills are excellent. Problems and
average. Try looking at
probably had some successes but
issues are not distracting you, but make you focus on
problems, complaints and
remember that you can always be more
your real work. You can truly fulfill your innovative
bottlenecks as opportunities
innovative. Try to rethink your current
potential.
rather than as issues. Look for
understanding of issues to develop a
things in your environment that
deeper insight into it.
inspire you and as soon as you
get an idea go forward with it.
Warning signs
Positive indicators
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Person is not informed enough and is highly selective to data. He/she doesn’t leave
his/her comfort zone that would enable him/her to see problems from different
perspective. Maybe he/she is too focused on building innovation from scratch.
Person engaged in the innovation process makes interesting
discoveries as he/she goes along. Even though innovation is
not working out as planned, he/she is able to step back and reevaluate the problems realising that some of the great ideas
that worked started out as something entirely different.
96
5. INTERPERSONAL ABILITIES, PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
Definition of the competency: The skills used by a person to properly interact with others. In the business domain, the term generally refers to an
employee's ability to get along with others while getting the job done. Interpersonal skills include everything from communication and listening skills to
attitude and deportment. Good interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for many positions in an organization.
Within an organization, employees with good interpersonal skills are likely to be more productive than those with poor interpersonal skills, because of their
propensity to project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems. Interpersonal skills are not just important in the workplace, our personal and
social lives can also benefit from better interpersonal skills. People with good interpersonal skills are usually perceived as optimistic, calm, confident
and charismatic, qualities that are often endearing or appealing to others. So all together, interpersonal skills are the set of abilities enabling a person to
interact positively and work effectively with others. Development of the interpersonal skills of employees is a key goal of training and development
initiatives for many companies, and is considered a constructive manner in which to handle office disputes and other personnel issues. These skills include
the areas of communication, listening, delegation of tasks and leadership.
• Be flexible in assignments
• Be confident in handling new tasks
• Be an able negotiator
• Be able to work well in teams
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
Level 3 (Excellent)
• Your interpersonal abilities and
• You are performing in the middle
• Congratulations! Your interpersonal skills are perfect,
skills are not satisfactory. This
when it comes to interpersonal skills.
this way you are perfectly able to be a good leader. You
results many problems, because
You can be constructive, but it takes
can be positive, charismatic enough, you can delegate
of poor communication,
more efforts to you and/or your staff.
tasks and communicate what is needed. You can listen
negative attitude and
You should develop your skills to
to employees when needed, and interact positively. You
leadership. You need to
reach good leadership skills like
can work efficiently and you can motivate people to do
develop, otherwise you fail your
communication, listening, delegation,
so.
leadership efforts.
positive attitude and charisma.
Warning signs
Positive indicators
• Not good in delegating tasks, working in team
• You are open to get new tasks
• not motivated enough by yourself to fulfil tasks
• You are able to work on previously unknown tasks without
help
• You cannot communicate with your colleagues, you cannot understand
them
• You can delegate tasks and work well in teams
• You always need help to solve the problems/tasks you receive
• You listen to your colleagues and try to understand them
• You are not open to accept new tasks
• You can lead a discussion
97
6. COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Definition of the competency: Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another whether this be vocally (using voice),
written (using printed or digital media such as books, magazines, websites or emails), visually (using logos, maps, charts or graphs) or non-verbally (using
body language, gestures and the tone and pitch of voice). Good communicator is able to communicates clearly and precisely both orally and in writing.
There are various categories of communication and more than one may occur at any time.
The different categories of communication are:
• Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media.
• Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent.
• Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media.
• Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate messages.
In today’s highly technological environment where energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources are becoming the business main topic it has
become increasingly important to have good communication skills which implies ability to exchange and convey knowledge and ideas in energy efficiency
context, also ability to develop and manage ongoing communication of energy use data. It is extremely important to have person with great communication
skills who understand how to accomplish energy efficiency with energy use in production processes. Accordingly, it is very important to communicate
technical information to people without technical knowledge.
• Be able to present technical data
• Understand proposal writing
• Be able to write in-depth reports
Level 1 (Average)
Your knowledge about technical data is
low, so your communication skills in this
area aren’t so good. You are not so
good in transmising the technical data
in best way to the others. You must
work on yourself and get engaged with
this topic. Except that, you must learn
to understand the proposals and in that
case how to write them well. You
should research more about this how
you could get some more information
Level 2 (Good)
Your communication skills are good, but not
so great. You understand this topic, but some
information or meaning could be lost in
communication, because your knowledge
about technical data is average. In order to
that, we are recommending some more
reading about this topic and getting more in
touch with that. Also, you need to take some
more time in researching the proposal
writing, so that you can even better
understand it. Take your time to research
Level 3 (Excellent)
You have everything that is necessary for good communication.
Your communication skills are great, because you have excellent
knowledge about all technical data that are important in this
area. You are able to use your advantages of good
communicator to transmit all technical data to the others in best
way, and demonstrate information both in smaller groups and in
the public presentations. You understand the proposal writing
perfectly, and because of that you are capable of transmiting
your knowledge to the others. Also, you are able to write indepth reports, but you always can improve your writing with
some additional researching. So, our recommendation for you is
98
on this. At this moment you are not
more about components of the proposals’, it
able to write in-depth reports, you must is very important to have even better sense
research what are the qualities of inabout how the project fits with your
depth reports, and what are the main
company’s mission. Your knowledge about
characteristics, so that you can better
writing in-depth reports is also average, so try
understand them. Once when you
to learn more about characteristics of this
understand them, you will be able to
kind of reports so that you can raise your
write them.
knowledge about it on a higher level.
Warning signs
Person doesn’t have good communication skills, or have good, but not great
communication skills. Person doesn’t have knowledge or experience about technical
data, or have some knowledge about technical data but not enough of it. He/she doesn’t
understand the main characteristics about proposals, so he/she does not understand the
proposal writing. Person doesn’t understand the components of in-depth reports and
because of that person is not able to write in-depth reports well.
that you should continue to work on yourself to maintain this
level of knowledge, or maybe even to improve it.
Positive indicators
Person understands the importance of knowing the technical
data and because of that he/she is able to transmit that in best
way to the others who aren’t necessarily technically. This person
understands the proposal writing perfectly. He/she is able to
write in-depth reports.
99
100
7. ANALYSIS / RESEARCH SKILLS
Definition of the competency: Any systematic investigation, to establish new facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new
theories, usually using a Scientific or a Systematic approach. The Primary objective of the research is discovering, interpreting and the development of
methods and systems for knowledge on a variety of scientific subjects.
Why it is important: Research involves the mastery of skills needed to design and conduct a systematic, empirical, objective, public, and critical investigation
of an identified problem or an issue. It can descriptive, designed to develop a theory, or intended to test a hypothesis. The ability to conduct independent
research and to make appropriate use of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods of analytical techniques.
• Understand economic modeling
• Be able to analyze political support and opposition
• Be able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
Level 3 (Excellent)
Your knowledge about subject is basic. You should You have enough knowledge to be able to conduct You have excellent knowledge about how to
research this topic more. You should read about
research analysis in group of experts on subject. Youranalyses, research certain project and subject. Your
subject and maybe volunteer in some research
abilities to find good solutions and approach the
skills could be used in conducting experiments on
institution in order to gain more info on the research,subject are enough skilled. In order to be better we field basis as well as in controlled conditions. You
and analysis.
recommend more advanced readings on subject in have enough knowledge to be able to prepare
question.
research on your own, using all variables necessary
to prove hypothesis. Also you are valuable asset in
project proposals....
Warning signs
Positive indicators
Person have what is needed to be involved in
Person doesn’t have sufficient experience with research and data analysis. He / She should
research and show a dedicated interest to do the
have more understanding of subject. And have to have some basic knowledge on research and best research possible what is essential for a good
data analysis. Should look for literature for further study
researcher to succeed.
8. PLANNING SKILLS
Definition of the competency: Planning is the ability to correctly define the millstones and deliverables of a renewable energy initiative, and prepare an
implementable schedule and organizational structure for a project, which is also in line with the state-of-art analysis and the local context.
Renewable energy initiatives are implemented in a volatile environment, so the decision to launch a project has to be based on proper and flexible plans for
the future; otherwise the finances or the operability of the initiative can became questionable. Planning should fully address the question: who will do what,
when and from how much money. Action planning should operate with SMART targets, which are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time
bound, clearly define responsibility issues, assess the inputs and outputs of different measures and prepare the schedule taking into account the links
between these inputs and outputs.
• Be knowledgeable about project design and planning
• Be able to do strategic planning
• Understand organizational design
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
Level 3 (Excellent)
• You need to develop your planning
• You are on the right path. You either know
• Congratulation, if you plan a project you clearly
know the answer to the question: who will do
competences to be able to equally address
the basics of task management or budget
what, when and from how much money. It is
the issues of setting the tasks, selecting the
management, but you fail to link them
also clear to you that the aims and the actions of
responsible persons, adjust all this to project
together and clearly address the responsibility
the project should be in line with each other and
budget and reach the desirable impacts of
issues. This may result in not achieving the
all pointing to one direction to reach the
your project.
desirable impacts with your projects.
desirable impacts.
Warning signs
Positive indicators
• No clear responsibilities within the project
• Detailed and reasoned budget
• Budget is not linked to actions or consist of poorly justified budget lines
• Clear responsibilities and project implementation
structure
• Project targets are not in line with desirable impacts
• Targets and actions are in line with impacts
• Some or all of the project actions are not in line with desirable impacts
• Project reflects the state-of-art and local context
• Set project milestones and deliverables are improper, not achievable or not implementable
• Project schedule is implementable
101
9. COMPUTER SKILLS
Definition of the competency:
The successful computer skills competences are knowledge and ability to use computers and related technology efficiently, with a range of skills covering
levels from elementary use to programming and advanced problem solving. The good computer skills are important and basic requirement for many
positions in the entrepreneur and non-profit organizations and also in the project management.
Computer and internet access are the common requirements in the daily practice, so everyone must have equal and ready access to this technology and to
skills in how to effectively use it. Because of the continually increasing use of computers in our daily communications and work, the knowledge of computer
systems and the ability to work with word processing, data management, and spreadsheet and data analysis programs have become essential requirements.
To develop the computer skills of employees is an important goal of training and continuously needed because of the computer program possibilities and
changes. These skills include many of project development, management and controlling tools and help the tasks of leadership and teamwork as well. The
members of project team are usually work more effective way in the possession of ability of computer usage.
• Be skilled with internet/WWW
• Be skilled in word processing
Level 1 (Average)
Level 2 (Good)
Level 3 (Excellent)
• Skilled in word processing
• Create and format complex tables, and
• Use graphic effects and clip art and draw
manage
table
data.
in a document.
• Customize Toolbars.
• Work with very large documents that
• Able to use statistical packages
require a table of contents
•
Insert
graphic
elements.
• Understands database operations
• Insert multimedia elements in a webpage.
• Create a Web Page based on a template
• Uses graphics packages
and
add
hyperlinks
• Manage Macro commands, create
• Skilled with internet
dialogue boxes and understand the
• Create, modify, and format charts.
• Uses computer assisted cartography
notions of Visual Basic
•
Use
graphic
objects
to
enhance
• Uses Geographic Information Systems
•
Use spreadsheet web components.
worksheets and charts.
• Knowledgeable about Management
• Manage macro commands
• Use mathematical, logical, statistical, and
Information Systems
financial functions.
• Customize PowerPoint toolbars and
automate the slide production.
• Create Slides in Outline view.
• Build interactive presentations using
• Edit a Column Chart.
hyperlinks,
• Process presentation.
• Explore online meetings and broadcast
presentations
102
Warning signs
Persons don’t have sufficient experience in computer utilization and web experiences. They
should have more understanding of word processing and subject spreadsheet usage. Have to
have some basic knowledge on computer skills. Need to help to solve tasks and problems by
computer they receive.
103
Positive indicators
Persons engaged in the computer usage and have
good opportunities to solve the problems, develop
the idea and project implementations by
computer tools.

Best practice handbook - Activities

Transcription

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