RSS Performance Components for Porsche
Transcription
RSS Performance Components for Porsche
STABLE ENERGI ES I S AN OFFI CI AL RS S S TOCKI NG PAR TNE R 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com contentguide PAGE 1 – Suspension Components / Stage One • Tarmac Series Adjustable Front Toe/Bump Steer Kit • Tarmac Series Adjustable Rear Toe/Bump Steer Kit • Tarmac Series Locking Plate Kit • Tarmac Series Adjustable Rear Link Kit • Dust Boots for Rod Ends PAGE 2 – Suspension Components / Stage Two • Tarmac Series 2-Piece Lower Control Arm Kits PAGE 3 – Suspension Components • Tarmac Series Alignment Shims for 2-Piece Control Arm • Tarmac Series Adjustable Thrust Arm Bushing Kit • Tarmac Series Non-Adjustable Thrust Arm Bushing Kit • Tarmac Series Press-In Monoball Bushing Kit • Tarmac Series Upper Monoball Hat Kits PAGE 4 – Suspension Components • Tarmac Series Sway Bar Kits • Tarmac Series Droplinks PAGE 5 – Rollbars & Harness Bars • 901 Series Standard 4 Point Harness/Rollbar • 930 Series Hybrid 4 Point Harness/Rollbar • 935 Series RHD (Right Hand Drive) Hybrid 4 Point Harness/Rollbar • 931 Series 4 Point Rollbar with Rear X-Brace • 906 Series Cayman Harness Bar PAGE 6 – Exhaust Systems • X-Pipe Center Exhaust Systems for All 997 GT3 & GT3RS Models PAGE 7 – Performance Engine Components • Underdrive Pulley Kits • Tarmac Series Performance Engine Mounts PAGE 8 – Wheel Spacer Kits • Wheel Spacer Kits for Street & Track PAGE 9,10 – Accessories • Aluminum Upright Kit for Recaro Racing Seats • Seat Base Kit for Recaro Racing Seats • Shock Reservoir Clamps • GT3 Exhaust Tips • Titanium Brake Pad Shields • Clutchstop Kit • Tow Hooks 1 suspensioncomponents / stageone 370 Tarmac Series Adjustable Front Toe/Bump Steer Kit The RSS Adjustable Front Toe/Bump Steer Kit is designed for Porsche vehicles that have been lowered. This kit will help minimize suspension geometry changes in the front of the vehicle and allow additional toe adjustment at the toe steer arm. Features heavy duty, high tolerance monoball rod ends for precise suspension articulation with improved handling and feedback. The rod ends are also height adjustable to help reduce/eliminate bump steer. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996, 986, 987 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 312 Tarmac Series Adjustable Rear Toe/Bump Steer Kit The RSS Adjustable Rear Toe/Bump Steer Kit is designed for Porsche vehicles that have been lowered. This kit will help minimize suspension geometry changes in the rear of the vehicle and allow toe adjustment at the toe steer arm giving the ability to make adjustments independent of the factory eccentric bolts which may not offer sufficient refinement. Our motorsport style monoball components will significantly improve handling, feedback and control while eliminating rubber bushing deflection. The rod ends are also height adjustable to help reduce/eliminate bump steer. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996, 986, 987 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 333 Tarmac Series Locking Plate Kit The optional RSS Locking Plate Kit is designed for use with our Adjustable Rear Toe/Bump Steer Kit shown above (Part# 312). This kit replaces the factory eccentric bolt which can come loose under racing and/or aggressive driving conditions. 307 Tarmac Series Adjustable Rear Link Kit The RSS Adjustable Rear Link Kit (Dogbones) is the proper way to correct the rear suspension geometry of lowered 996 and 997 Porsche models. The additional negative camber in the rear can effect handling and prematurely wear out rear tires as the factory eccentric bolts do not offer enough adjustment to properly re-align the car to desired specifications. In addition, our motorsport style monoball components will significantly improve handling, feedback and control while eliminating rubber bushing deflection. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 30178 Dust Boots for Rod Ends Optional dust boots offer protection from the elements and fit the rod ends on a variety of RSS parts including Part# 370, Part# 312 and Part# 307 all shown above. Sold separately. RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 2 suspensioncomponents / stagetwo 356 | 357 | 358 | 361 | 366 Tarmac Series 2-Piece Lower Control Arm Kits The RSS Tarmac Series is designed for the Porsche driver who demands the absolute maximum in precision handling, feedback and control from their chassis. This system has been specially engineered to provide unmatched performance, quality, strength and serviceability. RSS Tarmac Series Control Arms address the performance related shortcomings of the OEM rubber mounted suspension components which were designed to reduce road noise and vibration for everyday street use. The use of rubber injected moldings in mounting components such as the control arms, thrust arms, upper links and toe arms is a compromise in regards to maximum suspension performance. The soft rubber deflects under suspension load which in turn causes unwanted movement (deflection) between the suspension and chassis. Data also shows that temporary changes in spring rates can occur as well. These movements and changes result in unnecessary corrections and inputs from the driver. FEATURES & BENEFITS • Completely Serviceable: For the extreme, repetitive track day enthusiast or racer, our high strength steel alloy spherical bearings (with a friction reducing, longevity increasing Teflon liner) can be replaced unlike the motorsports arms, in which case a new set of arms will need to be purchased if the spherical bearings are worn out. • Adjustable Suspension Geometry: Adjust dynamic camber values and roll center heights with our unique zinc plated steel bushings. • Solid Monoball Control Arm Ends: Offers better handling and a more responsive suspension over the factory one-piece rubber injected control arm by eliminating bushing deflection (also uses the same high strength steel alloy spherical bearing found in our control arm monoball kit). • 6061 Aerospace Grade Billet Aluminum Construction: Allows for a more uniform molecular structure at every point of the arm over the cast motorsports arm providing a more durable and inherently stronger part. Manufacturing from billet aluminum rather than casting results in fewer impurities in the metal. • Unique Design: Provides more gusseting over the motorsports arms for superior looks, added strength and durability. • Anodized Aluminum Surfaces and Zinc Plated Steel Parts: Allows for better corrosion resistance against the elements. AVAILABLE FOR MOST 996, 986, 987 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS u See Chassis Fitment Guide or Contact Us for more information and correct application RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 3 suspensioncomponents 30014 | 30015 | 30016 | 30017 | 30018 | 30074 Tarmac Series Alignment Shims for 2-Piece Control Arms RSS alignment shims are designed for use with factory or aftermarket 2-piece motorsport style control arms. Perfect for obtaining more negative camber and adjusting track width during setup. Shims are available in a variety of sizes including 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 7mm, 10mm and 11mm. AVAILABLE FOR 996 & 997 GT3, GT3RS & MOST MODELS WITH UPGRADED 2-PIECE CONTROL ARMS 360 | 318 Tarmac Series Adjustable Thrust Arm Bushing Kit The RSS Adjustable Thrust Arm Bushing Kit will improve handling characteristics and response while allowing for additional caster adjustments. Eliminates unwanted caster changes in both front and rear suspension under acceleration and deceleration. Available for hydraulic and non-hydraulic applications. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996, 986, 987 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 323 | 334 Tarmac Series Non-Adjustable Thrust Arm Bushing Kit The RSS Non-Adjustable Thrust Arm Bushing Kit will improve handling characteristics and response. Eliminates unwanted caster changes in both front and rear suspension under acceleration and deceleration. Available for hydraulic and non-hydraulic applications. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996, 986, 987 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 332 Tarmac Series Press-In Monoball Bushing Kit The RSS Press-In Monoball Bushing Kit installs in place of the factory rubber lower control arm bushings and will considerably improve handling characteristics and feedback. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996, 986, 987 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 319 | 327 | 329 | 330 | 337 Tarmac Series Upper Monoball Hat Kits RSS Upper Monoball Hat Kits are available for a variety of Porsche applications including vehicles running factory or aftermarket suspension systems. Eliminates bushing deflection and greatly improves handling, feedback and control. PLEASE CONTACT US FOR AVAILABLE APPLICATIONS & FITMENT GUIDANCE RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 4 suspensioncomponents 321 Tarmac Series 997 Mk.1 Turbo Sway Bar Kit with Droplinks • 3-way adjustable sway bars offer greatly enhanced torsional stiffness, rear droplinks included • Improves handling while reducing understeer and minimizing body roll, new bushings included AVAILABLE FOR 997 Mk.1 TURBO & TURBO S MODELS ONLY 355 Tarmac Series 997 Mk.1 Carrera 4S Sway Bar Kit • 3-way adjustable sway bars offer greatly enhanced torsional stiffness • Improves handling while reducing understeer and minimizing body roll, new bushings included AVAILABLE FOR 997 Mk.1 CARRERA 4S ONLY 324 Tarmac Series 997 Mk.1 & Mk.2 Carrera Sway Bar Kit • 3-way adjustable sway bars offer greatly enhanced torsional stiffness • Improves handling while reducing understeer and minimizing body roll, new bushings included AVAILABLE FOR ALL 997 Mk.1 CARRERA & CARRERA S MODELS 325 Tarmac Series 987 Mk.1 Boxster/Cayman Sway Bar Kit • 3-way adjustable sway bars offer greatly enhanced torsional stiffness • Improves handling while reducing understeer and minimizing body roll, new bushings included AVAILABLE FOR ALL 987 Mk.1 BOXSTER, BOXSTER S, CAYMAN & CAYMAN S MODELS 322 Tarmac Series 997 Mk.1 Turbo Rear Adjustable Droplinks • Fine tune by adding or eliminating pre-load with length adjustability for various ride heights AVAILABLE FOR 997 Mk.1 TURBO & TURBO S MODELS - REAR FITMENT ONLY 315 (F) | 314 (R) Tarmac Series 997 Mk.1 & Mk.2 Carrera Adjustable Droplinks • Fine tune by adding or eliminating pre-load with length adjustability for various ride heights AVAILABLE FOR MOST 997 Mk.1 & Mk.2 CARRERA & CARRERA S MODELS 309 (F) | 326 (R) Tarmac Series 987 Mk.1 Boxster/Cayman Adjustable Droplinks • Fine tune by adding or eliminating pre-load with length adjustability for various ride heights AVAILABLE FOR ALL 987 Mk.1 BOXSTER, BOXSTER S, CAYMAN & CAYMAN S MODELS u COMING SOON: Complete line of RSS Sway Bar Kits for additional Porsche models RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 5 rollbars / harnessbars 901 SERIES Standard 4 Point Harness/Rollbar The RSS 901 Series Standard Harness/Rollbar is an ideal bar for track days and driver’s events (HPDE). • 1.5" (DOM) steel tubing / .095 wall thickness / mig welded / no sleeved tube connections • Bolts to front and rear seatbelt anchor points • Flawless fit to interior profile while retaining full function of most seats • Available in a variety of powder coated colors or unfinished for custom color matching AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 930 SERIES | 935 SERIES RHD (RHD = Right Hand Drive Version) Hybrid 4 Point Harness/Rollbar The RSS 930 Series Hybrid Harness/Rollbar is the perfect choice when drilling the chassis is not an option. • 1.5" (DOM) steel tubing / .095 wall thickness / mig welded / no sleeved tube connections • Bolts to front seatbelt anchor points and to rear shock towers • Flawless fit to interior profile while retaining full function of most seats • Available in a variety of powder coated colors or unfinished for custom color matching • Note: Modifications need to be made on models with Bose rear subwoofer AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 931 SERIES Competition 4 Point Rollbar with Rear X-Brace The RSS 931 Series Competition Rollbar is extremely strong and the next best thing to welding in a rollbar. • 1.75" (4130) chromoly tubing / .120 wall thickness / tig welded / heavy duty slip couplers • Bolts through chassis with underplates and mounts to rear shock towers • Flawless fit to interior profile while retaining full function of most seats • Available in a variety of powder coated colors or unfinished for custom color matching • Note: Modifications need to be made on models with Bose rear subwoofer AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996 & 997 MODELS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS 906 SERIES Cayman Harness Bar The RSS 906 Series Cayman Harness Bar is a great looking and functional way to attach harnesses. • 1.5" (DOM) steel tubing / .095 wall thickness / mig welded • Bolts into factory locations for the seat belt guide • Available in powder coated Satin Black or unfinished for custom color matching AVAILABLE FOR ALL CAYMAN MODELS RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 6 exhaustsystems 1203 | 1204 X-Pipe Center Exhaust for All 997 GT3 & GT3RS Models Simply put, the RSS X-Pipe Center Exhaust transforms the GT3 driving experience by enhancing the vehicles amazing harmonics. It installs in place of the factory third muffler/resonator and comes complete with either straight cut or angle cut dual tailpipes that are integrated into the system. FEATURES & BENEFITS • 3" lower / 2" upper 304 stainless steel construction 1203 Straight Cut Tips • Large 3 3/8" dual tailpipes included (welded on) • Aggressive styling, available in straight cut or angle cut tip design • Intoxicating motorsport sound with addictive tone • X-Crossover promotes improved exhaust gas scavenging effects • Ceramic coated Satin Black • Lightweight – weighs only 8 pounds 1204 Angle Cut Tips • Easy installation – all hardware (clamps) included AVAILABLE FOR ALL GENERATIONS OF 997 GT3 & GT3RS INCLUDING GT3RS 4.0 > Click HERE for Sound Clips & Videos X-Pipe w/ Straight Cut Tips Featured on GT3RS 3.8 X- Pipe w/ Angle Cut Tips Featured on GT3RS 4.0 X- Pipe w/ Angle Cut Tips Featured on GT3RS 4.0 RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 7 performanceenginecomponents 601 Underdrive Pulley & Wrench Kit • Precision CNC machined 6061-T6 aluminum • Offers improved HP & TQ by reducing drag from power steering pump, A/C, water pump and alternator • Ideal upgrade for the street or track enthusiast • Installation tool (wrench) included, designed to work with factory serpentine belt AVAILABLE FOR MOST PORSCHE MODELS INCLUDING 986, 996, 987 Mk.1 & 997 Mk.1 (WILL NOT FIT 3.8L, DFI or TURBO MODELS) 608 Harmonically Damped Underdrive Pulley & Wrench Kit • Harmonically damped design • Precision CNC machined 6061-T6 aluminum • Offers improved HP & TQ by reducing drag from power steering pump, A/C, water pump and alternator • Ideal upgrade for the street or track enthusiast • Installation tool (wrench) included, designed to work with factory serpentine belt AVAILABLE FOR ALL 997 Mk.1 3.8L MODELS ONLY 623 Motorsport Underdrive Pulley Kit • Precision CNC machined 6061-T6 aluminum • Kit includes 5 pullies designed to work in combination • Harmonically damped crank shaft pulley • Offers improved HP & TQ by reducing drag from power steering pump, A/C, water pump and alternator • Useful upgrade for dedicated race cars • Special Note: A/C Compressor must be deleted to install this pulley kit AVAILABLE FOR MOST 987 & 997 Mk.2 DFI MODELS 624 Tarmac Series Performance Engine Mounts With factory hydraulic engine mounts, the drivetrain will move independent of the chassis during acceleration and cornering loads. This movement can upset the balance of the vehicle and create negative handling effects. RSS Tarmac Series Performance Engine Mounts minimize these effects by utilizing specialized polyurethane bushings which offer a firmer, more direct driving feel with optimum feedback. This upgrade will not adversely effect ride quality or cause knock sensor issues commonly associated with solid engine mounts. AVAILABLE FOR ALL 996 & 997 MODEL VARIANTS INCLUDING TURBO, GT2, GT2RS, GT3 & GT3RS RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 8 wheelspacerkits 5 m m | 7 m m | 15 m m | 18 m m Wheel Spacer Kits RSS Wheel Spacer Kits are designed specifically for Porsche automobiles. Most kits are available in Black or Silver with matching wheel bolts at the appropriate lengths for safe and proper fitment. FITS MOST LATE MODEL PORSCHE AUTOMOBILES / NOT DESIGNED FOR VEHICLES FITTED WITH CENTERLOCK WHEELS 359-10 5MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER / FITS 997.1 GT3/GT3RS MODELS ONLY Set of 2, Includes locating pin, NOTE: GT3/GT3RS MODELS REUSE ORIGINAL WHEEL BOLTS 359-11 5MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – BLACK / FITS 997.1 GT3/GT3RS MODELS ONLY Set of 2, Includes locating pin, NOTE: GT3/GT3RS MODELS REUSE ORIGINAL WHEEL BOLTS 342-10 5MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin 342-11 5MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – BLACK Set of 2, Includes all new black wheel bolts & locating pin 343-10 7MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin 343-11 7MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – BLACK Set of 2, Includes all new black wheel bolts & locating pin 340-10 15MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin 340-11 15MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – BLACK Set of 2, Includes all new black wheel bolts & locating pin 341-10 18MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin 341-11 18MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – BLACK Set of 2, Includes all new black wheel bolts & locating pin SILVER BLACK SILVER BLACK SILVER BLACK SILVER BLACK SILVER BLACK CAYENNE SPECIFIC FITMENT / AVAILABLE IN SILVER ONLY 376 7MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER / FITS CAYENNE MODELS ONLY Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin 377 15MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER / FITS CAYENNE MODELS ONLY Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin 378 18MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER / FITS CAYENNE MODELS ONLY Set of 2, Includes all new silver wheel bolts & locating pin SILVER SILVER SILVER MOTORSPORT SPECIFIC FITMENT / NO WHEEL BOLTS INCLUDED / TO BE USED WITH WHEEL STUDS 359-10 5MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, No wheel bolts included 367-10 7MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, No wheel bolts included 368-10 15MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, No wheel bolts included 369-10 18MM – RSS WHEEL SPACER KIT – SILVER Set of 2, No wheel bolts included SILVER SILVER SILVER SILVER RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 9 racingseathardware / shockclamps 915 Aluminum Upright Kit for Recaro Racing Seats • Designed to work with Recaro universal sliders • Adjustable seat angle and height • Ideal for use with RSS Seat Base Kit Part# 925 (shown below) AVAILABLE FOR ALL LATE MODEL PORSCHE AUTOMOBILES 925 Seat Base Kit for Recaro Racing Seats • Designed to work with Recaro universal sliders and uprights • Allows for a lower seating position than the factory GT2 carbon buckets • Will also fit RSS Aluminum Upright Kit Part# 915 (shown above) • Bolts to factory seat mounting points with no modifications necessary AVAILABLE FOR ALL LATE MODEL PORSCHE AUTOMOBILES 303 SERIES Shock Reservoir Clamps – 1.5" Rollbar to 2" Canister • Designed to mount shock canister to 1.5" rollbar • Available in Silver or Black finish 310 SERIES Shock Reservoir Clamps – 1.75" Rollbar to 2" Canister • Designed to mount shock canister to 1.75" rollbar • Available in Silver or Black finish 304 SERIES Shock Reservoir Clamps – 1" Cross Brace to 2" Canister • Designed to mount shock canister to factory suspension cross brace • Available in Silver or Black finish 311 SERIES Shock Reservoir Clamps – Sheet Metal to 2" Canister • Designed to mount shock canister to sheet metal or any flat surface • Available in Silver or Black finish RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com 10 exhausttips / titaniumbrakepadshields / clutchstopkit / towhooks 1201 | 1205 Dual Exhaust Tailpipe for All 997 GT3 & GT3RS Models • Single wall construction • Aggressive angle cut style with large dual tips • Durable Satin Black ceramic coated finish PART# 1201 – FITS 997 Mk.1 GT3 & GT3RS MODELS & Mk.2 GT3 MODELS PART# 1205 – FITS 997 Mk.2 GT3RS MODELS WITH FACTORY TITANIUM CENTER MUFFLER 738 - 751 Titanium Brake Pad Shields • Thermal barrier helps prevent brake fluid from boiling when placed between brake pad and pistons • Significantly reduces brake fade by minimizing braking heat from transferring into pistons and brake fluid AVAILABLE FOR MOST LATE MODEL PORSCHE AUTOMOBILES – SEE MASTER PARTS LIST FOR FITMENT GUIDANCE 111 Clutchstop Kit • Designed for use with upgraded hydraulic clutch systems when limiting the travel of the clutch is needed for optimum performance • CNC machined from high quality 6061-T6 aluminum • Special Note: This product is NOT designed for use with the O.E. Porsche factory clutch FITS QUICKLY & EASILY TO THE CLUTCH PEDAL ARM ON ALL LATE MODEL PORSCHE AUTOMOBILES 917 | 922 Motorsport Retractable Tow Hooks • Durable Red powder coated finish • Special Note: Fits slotted motorsport style bumpers ONLY PART# 917 – FITS FRONT OF ALL 987 & 997 MODELS PART# 922 – FITS FRONT & REAR OF ALL 986 & 996 MODELS PART# 922 – FITS REAR OF ALL 987 & 997 MODELS 923 SERIES Folding Tow Hooks • Black 1018 steel shaft with angle adjustable 2" steel hoop opening • Utilizes special factory Porsche thread style • Available in 3 finishes: Brushed Stainless (# 923), Red (# 923/34) and Satin Black (# 923/30) FITS FRONT & REAR OF ALL LATE MODEL PORSCHE MODELS WITH SCREW-IN STYLE RECEIVER RSS – Made In California | Presented by Stable Energies | 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com roadsportsupply.com S TABLE ENERGI ES I S AN OFFI CI AL RSS STOCKI NG PAR TNE R 973.773.3177 | [email protected] | StableEnergies.com © 2013 RSS | Road Sport Supply. All Rights Reserved. RSS is a specialized organization that manufactures high performance components for Porsche automobiles. RSS is an independent company and is not affiliated with Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG or its related group companies in any form. MADE IN CALIFORNIA