NACRE - Summary

Transcription

NACRE - Summary

NACRE
An Overview:
Towards a
Silent-by-Design Aircraft?
João Frota – Airbus
15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference
12th May 2009 – Miami, USA
15th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoutics Conference – Airbus / João Frota
NACRE
(foreword) The purpose of this talk…
… is not to explain how clever the NACRE team was
or still is (it’s so obvious! members are in this room…)
© Copyright NACRE Consortium, 2008. All rights reserved.
… is not to present solutions for all our (industry)
problems (others will!)
… is to market an effective approach for integrated
(multidisciplinary) research with key examples
… is to highlight some of the noise issues that we try
to tackle and that still deserve some attention from
the scientific community
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 2
Contents
Introduction to the NACRE European R&T project
Previous European initiatives
Introduction to the NACRE ProGreen concept family
A selection of noise reduction technology bricks
Summary & Outlook
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 3
Contents
Summary & Outlook
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 4
NACRE Objectives
• The main aim of NACRE is to break the barriers that prevent the efficient
design of Novel Aircraft Configurations
• To help provide quantum steps in three specific ACARE* challenges:
*Advisory Council for Aeronautical Research in Europe
Air-travel
Quality and Affordability
Environmental performance
Air Transport System Efficiency
• The NACRE targets are as follows:
Fuel
Consumption:
Noise
reduction target:
-25 % (fuel burn kg/seat/km)
-10 dB per operation
Efficiency:
-15 % of A/C economics
Volume
+15/20 % per PAX at same A/C
efficiency and enhanced services
improvement:
Noise and Environmental aspects in focus today
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 5
Achievements: - 20dB = 75% quieter!
-20dB
Lateral Noise Level Corrected for Aircraft Thrust
Turbojets
1st generation
turbofans
2nd generation
turbofans
1960
1970
1980
Entry Into Service Date
1990
2000
Product Performance/Capability
But current solutions show limited potential…
ge
n
a
h
c
step
Incremental product
improvement
Fly by wire
Modern Jet
High By-pass ratio
Jet
Propeller
1950
1975
2000
…Radical innovative solutions are needed
to meet major requirements
“Greener by design” – The design levers
Advanced
Materials
Aerodynamics
Engines
Configurations
Systems
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 8
NACRE – New Aircraft Concepts REsearch
• Started April 2005, initial duration 48 months, extended for 12 months
• Budget € 30.3m, funded € 16.9m by European Commission
• A Consortium of 36 partners
Aircraft manufacturers: Airbus, Alenia, Dassault Aviation, Piaggio
Engine manufacturers: Rolls-Royce, Snecma, MTU Aero Engines
Key suppliers: Aircelle, Messier-Dowty, Dowty Propellers
Research Centres: ARA, CIRA, DLR, EADS Innovation Works, FOI,
INTA, NLR, ONERA, TsAGI, VZLU
Universities: Trinity College Dublin, Univ. Greenwich, TU Munich, Univ.
Stuttgart, KTH Stockholm, Warsaw Univ. Technology, ISVR
Small and medium enterprises: IBK, INASCO, PEDECE (affiliated to IST
Lisbon), ARTTIC
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 10
NACRE Consortium
Sweden
FOI, KTH
Netherlands
NLR
Russia
TsAGI
UK
Airbus, ARA, ISVR,
Messier-Dowty, RollsRoyce, UoG, Dowty
Propellers
Czech Republic
VZLU
Ireland
TCD
Germany
Airbus, EADS CRC,
DLR, IBK, MTU, RollsRoyce, TU München,
Univ. Stuttgart
Po land
Warsaw Univ. Technology
Italy
Alenia, CIRA, Piaggio
France
Airbus, Aircelle, Dassault
Aviation, ONE RA,
Snecma, ARTTIC
Greece
INAS CO
Portugal
PEDECE
Spain
Airbus, INTA
4 major aircraft manufacturers, 3 major engine manufacturers, 3 key suppliers
10 Research Centres, 7 Universities, 4 small and medium enterprises
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 11
Driving innovation…
• The idea is to select concepts (« champions ») to explore the most relevant
capabilities and meet the widest range of challenges
1
Existing products : based on
one single concept
to best meet all requirements
Future capabilities : driven by
a family of concepts tailored to fit
specific sets of requirements
2
14
3
13
12
4
11
5
6
10
7
9
8
NACRE
« Thinking Out of the Box »
12th May 2009
Page 12
… by using concepts to stimulate research
Your Car !
The Concept Car
The Concept A/C
Your Aircraft !
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 13
Shaping the “Concept Champions”…
• NACRE uses concepts tailored to address specific subsets of design drivers
• These Champions are most able to drive innovation in their respective field of
difficulty:
The
Proactive Green
The
Flying Wing
The
Simple Flying Bus
?
?
?
The
Champions
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 14
… and capturing their technology needs
Concept 1
Concept 2
Concept 3
Challenges and Potential
“Show Stoppers”
Potential Solutions
Technology Requirements
Technology Development
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 15
The « Proactive Green » concept
giving minimum affordable impact of aviation operations and
manufacturing on the environment
NACRE Level 1 WBS
WP2
Novel Lifting
Surfaces
WP3
Novel Powerplant Installation
WP4
Novel
Fuselage
WP1
New Aircraft
Concepts
NACRE
WP5 – Management
12th May 2009
Page 17
NACRE Level 2 WBS
WP 1
Novel A/C
Concepts
(AI)
WP 2
Novel Lifting
Surfaces
(A-UK)
WP 3
Novel Powerplant
Installation
(R-R)
WP 4
Novel Fuselage
T 1.1
Pro Green
A/C
(A-F)
T 2.1
Advanced Wings
T 3.1
Rear Engine
Integration
(A-F)
T 4.1
Powered Tails
T 1.2
PDA
T 2.2
Flying Wing
T 4.2
Advanced Cabin
(A-D)
(DLR)
T 3.2
Radical Engine
Integration
(Onera)
T 1.3
SFB
A/C
(A-UK)
T 2.3
Innovative Tail
Integration
(A-E)
T3.3
Hung Engine
Integration
(Snecma)
T 4.3
Cost-efficient
Fuselage
(A-F)
T 1.4
IEP
(Onera)
(A-UK)
WP 5
Project
Management
(AI)
(A-D)
(A-F)
(TU Munich)
Pro-Green
PDA
SFB
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 18
Contents
Summary & Outlook
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 19
EU R&T Roadmap on New Aircraft Concepts
Conventional A/C
Configurations
Novel Aircraft
Configurations
Airframe
Engine
Level of investment /
Technology maturity
EEFAE
SILENCE®
NEFA
ROSAS
2002
NACRE
NACRE
VELA
FP5
2005
FP6
2009
FP7
A consistent approach,
building upon FP5… and preparing FP7
12th May 2009
Page 20
Key FP5 projects on New Aircraft Concepts
• ROSAS
2002 to April 2005
Low Noise Aircraft (A/C configuration & acoustics incl. WTT)
January
• VELA
October
2002 to October 2005
Flying Wing (A/C configuration, low speed aerodynamics, structure)
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 21
ROSAS’ ambitious objectives (FP5)
• Develop theoretical and numerical prediction tools in the field of
unconventional aircraft configurations (Silent Aircraft Concepts)
• Collect an invaluable acoustic experimental database to calibrate and
validate the prediction models – first time ever in Europe
• Demonstrate engine noise shielding potential coming from alternative
engine installations
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 22
ROSAS: a new process to design silent aircraft
1. Definition of a design process driven by engine noise shielding
Engine noise
sources
Main driver
Noiseshielding
efficiency
Handling
qualities
(stability)
Thermal
interaction with
empennage /
wing
RFN / OWN
Configuration
Engine
installation
aerodynamic
efficiency
Engine
installation
structure
Noise-driven concept definition
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 23
ROSAS: a new process to design silent aircraft
2. Configurations defined for 2 silent aircraft concepts:
OWN (over-wing nacelle)
RFN (rear-fuselage nacelle)
Configurations to be seen as platforms to develop
innovative design capabilities
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 24
ROSAS: acoustic experimental activities
• WTT campaign in ONERA CEPrA19 facility featuring advanced
•
turbofan engine Jet and Fan noise simulation
Unique experimental database on installation/shielding effect of engine
noise sources by airframe
Understanding the physics of noise installation effects
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 25
Outcomes of ROSAS
• ROSAS ended in March 2005 and provided for extensive
capability development in the field of modeling and
prediction of engine noise installation effects
• An extensive experimental database was developed from
high quality wind tunnel tests at ONERA CEPrA19 facility
(see O. Piccin’s presentation tomorrow morning)
Shielding of engine noise sources proved to
be an efficient way to reduce engine noise
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 26
The VELA project (FP5)
• VELA increased the general knowledge on flying wing concepts in the
following areas :
Cabin configurations (comfort, boarding, evacuation)
Structural design (from conceptual design to FEM assessment)
Aerodynamic design & assessment, Stability and Control
Integrated design at future projects level
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 27
Contents
Summary & Outlook
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 28
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
The NACRE « Proactive Green » concept
Proactive Green – Definition & Integration
ROSAS FP5
Project
VITAL FP6
Project
A/C and
Engine
configs
Sizing
criteria
ProGreen1
ProGreen2
T3.1 & T 3.2
Eng Integration
& Analysis
Pro-Green
concept
definition
T 2.1
Pro-Green
advanced wings
Monitoring
&
Integration
T 4.1
Powered Tail
integrated definition
Overall
assessment
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 30
ProGreen 1 Baseline Characteristics
• Requirements:
180 passengers
Range 3000nm
Mach number M0.76
Initial Cruise altitude 35000ft
Approach speed 135kts
Capacity
• Powered Tail:
Rear-mounted
engines with
noise-shielding horizontal &
vertical tailplanes
NACRE
• Wing:
Forward-swept
wing (FSW)
Natural laminar flow
Fixed LE design
Planforms based upon UK
project NEXUS
• Engine:
Designed
by Snecma
Contrafan engine design for
compact low-noise engine
Bleedless
Low noise but challenge will be on meeting fuel burn targets
12th May 2009
Page 31
ProGreen 2 Baseline Characteristics
• Requirements:
Capacity
180 passengers
Range 3000nm
Mach number M0.74
Initial Cruise altitude 31000ft
Approach speed 135kts
• Wing:
High
aspect ratio low sweep (HARLS)
Turbulent design
Planforms based upon NEXUS
Efficient at both high and low speed
• Engine:
Designed
• Powered Tail:
Rear-mounted
engines with
noise-shielding horizontal &
vertical tailplanes
NACRE
by Rolls-Royce and Dowty
Propellers
Contra-Rotating Open Rotors for low
fuel consumption
Bleedless
Low fuel burn but challenge will be on meeting noise targets
12th May 2009
Page 32
Contents
Summary & Outlook
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 33
ProGreen Powered Tails
ProGreen Powered Tails
• Integrated approach to the design of the two powered tail concepts
Optimising interactions between components for best possible performance
(tail geometry, engine positioning, fuselage and pylon shaping)
Respecting acoustic, structural and engine burst constraints
• Defined powered tails mature enough for detailed analytical investigations
Computational and experimental results for aerodynamics
Noise predictions studying shielding effects, validated by experiment
Investigated nacelle structural design and opening concepts
Investigated innovative engine mounting solutions
Produced structural definition of pylon and rear fuselage
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 35
Powered Tail Aerodynamic Analysis
• CFD analysis of both powered tail arrangements completed at high speed
(cruise) and low speed (take-off), with and without propulsion systems
• For example, several configurations were modelled for the open rotor concept
Clean
•
aircraft and isolated propulsion system
Complete aircraft with propeller on and switched off
Propeller was modelled as an actuator disc based on aerodynamic
characteristics provided by Dowty
For both powered tails, no critical flow phenomenon identified,
but interaction between propulsion system and empennage
has an impact on handling qualities
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 36
Powered Tail Performance Tests
• High-speed wind-tunnel test carried out on turbofan powered tail at ARA
Investigation of installation interaction, aero characteristics, local flow
phenomena and concept performance
Range of configurations, with and without tail & through flow nacelles
Validation of experimental mounting (twin sting)
Results used to validate and develop CFD design and experimental
methodology
Good correlation between CFD and test
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 37
Powered Tail Acoustics
Jet noise modelling
and shielding
Fan noise modelling
and shielding
Turbofan
Assessment
Open Rotor
Assessment
• Acoustic Wind Tunnel Tests (ONERA) to verify installation phenomena and to
validate shielding assessment
Fan noise tests from Sept to Dec 2008
Comparison with numerical work currently in progress
Successful test campaign, valuable technical results
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 38
ProGreen Advanced Wings
• The “Advanced Wings” Task aimed at improving the understanding of the
impact that different drivers have on integrated wing and landing gear design
• High Aspect Ratio Low Sweep (HARLS) Wing:
Investigated a new design space of
high aspect ratio, thin wings (AR~14)
High-lift trade study to improve
approach noise
Landing gear noise studies
• Forward Swept Wing (FSW):
Investigated potential of a forward swept wing
with natural laminar flow
Aeroelastic studies
High-lift design studies
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 40
High-Lift Device Trade Study
• Four high-lift configurations were investigated
Slats
Baseline
Option 1
Single Slotted Flaps
Fixed Nose Droop
Double Slotted Flaps
Option 2
Droop Nose Device
Single Slotted Flaps
Option 3
Droop Nose Device
Double Slotted Flaps
Objective was to reduce noise,
either through improved L/D or reduced source noise
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 41
High-Lift Trade Study – Acoustic Results
• Airframe noise on approach compared to baseline slats / single slotted flaps
0
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Approach Noise (EPNdB )
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
NACRE
Droop nose with single slotted flaps
and double slotted flaps show strong advantage
12th May 2009
Page 42
Landing Gear Studies – Concepts
• HARLS wing has assumed a body-mounted landing gear concept
• Two main gear layouts were proposed:
twin body-mounted landing gear (BLG)
a single body landing gear,
or “mono” centre landing gear (MCLG)
supplemented by outriggers on the wing
a
BLG
Outrigger
Fuselage
Floor
Sponson
MCLG
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 43
Detailed Studies – LG Noise
• Low noise landing gear concepts
•
•
•
defined by Messier-Dowty
Both NACRE wing mounted gear
and MCLG optimised for low noise
Mesh generated and flow solution
computed by ARA
Noise and installation effects predicted
by ISVR using a semi-empirical
method, which was developed to
include wing flow circulation
Final part of the noise study at aircraft
level is being completed by Airbus
Landing Gear Noise analysis process
developed and refined
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 44
Flying Wing Over-the-Body Buried Inlet
Flying Wing Over-the-Body Buried Inlet
• Over-the-buried 3-engine aircraft configuration for greater engine-to-engine
•
•
distance (aerodynamics, structure, rotor failure considerations)
Engine characteristics by MTU Aero Engines
Sensitivity study of sfc vs. intake distortion performed
Acceptable performance of semi-buried intake confirmed
Detailed aerodynamic and acoustic assessment of selected concepts
(see E. Manoha’s presentation in session 30 this afternoon)
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 47
Contents
Summary & Outlook
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 48
NACRE integrated approach is effective
• Objective within NACRE was to drive the development of the key
capabilities required for the development of novel aircraft concepts
WP2
WP1: New Aircraft
Concepts to foster
technology innovation
WP3
Novel Powerplant Installation:
challenging configurations for
ambitious goals on environment
protection and cost-efficiency
Novel Lifting Surfaces and Control for
improved structure and aerodynamic
efficiency through an integrated approach
WP4
Novel Fuselage
and Cabin to develop passengercentered concepts
and cost-efficient technologies
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 49
NACRE ProGreen examples were shown
• The purpose of a novel ProGreen aircraft concept was to foster game-
•
•
•
changing innovation
Powerplant Integration activities have used this integrated approach to
optimise the Powered Tail concepts:
Developed a “silent-by-design” definition process
Defined powered tails mature enough for detailed analytical,
numerical and experimental investigations
Acquired valuable experimental knowledge (high-speed
aerodynamic performance, fan and jet noise shielding) to validate
concepts… a target to be pursued
Work on Advanced Wings has improved the understanding of the
impact of different drivers on integrated wing and landing gear design
Noise is a key driver for high-lift systems and landing gear
Some of these activities will continue to mature into Cleansky
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 50
NACRE ProGreen will feed into FP7 CleanSky
Natural
Laminar Flow
NACRE
main bricks
building
into
CleanSky
Open Rotors
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 51
Outlook on Clean Sky SFWA
Smart Wing Technologies
Technology Development
Technology Integration
Large Scale Flight Demonstration
¾ Natural Laminar Flow (NLF)
¾ Hybrid Laminar Flow (HLF)
¾ Active and passive load control
¾ Novel enabling materials
¾ Innovative manufacturing scheme
Innovative Powerplant Integration
Technology Integration
Large Scale Flight Demonstration
¾ Impact of airframe flow field on Propeller
design (acoustic, aerodynamic, vibration)
¾ Impact of open rotor configuration on
airframe (Certification capabilities,
structure, vibrations...)
¾ Innovative empennage design
Acknowledgements
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 53
Other NACRE presentations at this conference
• Numerical simulation of the fan noise radiated through a semi-buried
air inlet, Eric Manoha and Daniel-Ciprian Mincu – ONERA
• Acoustic Shielding in Low Mach Number Potential Flow Incorporating a
Wake Model using BEM, Cathal Clancy and Henry J. Rice – Trinity
College Dublin
• Characterization of Installation Effects for HBPR Engine Part IV:
Assessment of Jet Acoustics, Jérôme Huber, Magdi Omaisy – Airbus,
Alexandre Vuillemin – Snecma and Renaud Davy – ONERA
NACRE
12th May 2009
Page 54
NACRE – New Aircraft Concepts Research
NACRE
Thank-You

NACRE - Summary

Transcription

Similar documents

premium one airbus a319

muttaburrasaurus - Clyde Peeling`s Reptiland

Update Services Airbus A330 and A340

Packet Pick-up and Registration: MILE MARKERS

GroceriesHU - Association e

Honeywell APU Data Sheet - Investor Relations

theBoom "O"

Invitation